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Discontinued Operations
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]  
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND HELD-FOR-SALE BUSINESSES DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Due to a portfolio evaluation in the first half of 2016, management decided to pursue a strategic shift to reduce the Company's exposure to the Brazilian distribution market.
Eletropaulo — In November 2017, Eletropaulo converted its preferred shares into ordinary shares and transitioned the listing of those shares to the Novo Mercado, which is a listing segment of the Brazilian stock exchange with the highest standards of corporate governance. Upon conversion of the preferred shares into ordinary shares, AES no longer controlled Eletropaulo, but maintained significant influence over the business. As a result, the Company deconsolidated Eletropaulo. After deconsolidation, the Company's 17% ownership interest was reflected as an equity method investment. The Company recorded an after-tax loss on deconsolidation of $611 million, which primarily consisted of $455 million related to cumulative translation losses and $243 million related to pension losses reclassified from AOCL.
In December 2017, all remaining criteria were met for Eletropaulo to qualify as a discontinued operation. Therefore, its results of operations and financial position were reported as such in the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
In June 2018, the Company completed the sale of its entire 17% ownership interest in Eletropaulo through a bidding process hosted by the Brazilian securities regulator, CVM. Gross proceeds of $340 million were received at our subsidiary in Brazil, subject to the payment of taxes. Upon disposal of Eletropaulo, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of $243 million (after-tax $199 million).
Excluding the gain on sale, Eletropaulo's pre-tax loss attributable to AES was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2018. Eletropaulo's pre-tax loss attributable to AES, including the loss on deconsolidation, for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $633 million. Prior to its classification as discontinued operations, Eletropaulo was reported in the South America SBU reportable segment.
Borsod — In 2011, Borsod, which held two coal and biomass-fired generation plants in Hungary, filed for liquidation and was deconsolidated with its historical operating results reflected in discontinued operations under prior accounting guidance. In October 2018, the liquidation was completed and the Company recognized a deferred gain of $26 million, primarily comprised of a $20 million write-off of cumulative translation balances. Prior to its liquidation, Borsod was reported in the Eurasia SBU reportable segment.
Excluding the gain on sale of Eletropaulo and the deferred gain on liquidation of Borsod, income from discontinued operations and cash flows from operating and investing activities of discontinued operations were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The following table summarizes the major line items constituting loss from discontinued operations for the period indicated (in millions):
December 31,
2017
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax:
 
Revenue — regulated
$
3,320

Cost of sales
(3,151
)
Other income and expense items that are not major (1)
(166
)
Income from operations of discontinued businesses
3

Loss from disposal and impairments of discontinued businesses
(611
)
Loss from discontinued operations
(608
)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(25
)
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to The AES Corporation
(633
)
Income tax expense
(21
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
(654
)
 _____________________________
(1) 
Includes a loss contingency recognized by our equity method investment in discontinued operations.
The following table summarizes the operating and investing cash flows from discontinued operations for the period indicated (in millions):
December 31,
2017
Cash flows provided by operating activities of discontinued operations
$
164

Cash flows used in investing activities of discontinued operations
(288
)