424B5 1 d867873d424b5.htm 424(B)(5) 424(B)(5)
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Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration Statement No. 333-180273

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 23, 2015

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

(To Prospectus Dated August 1, 2014)

 

LOGO

The Export-Import Bank of Korea

(A statutory juridical entity established under The Export-Import Bank of Korea Act of 1969, as amended, in the Republic of Korea)

US$                      Floating Rate Notes due 20    

Our US$             aggregate principal amount of floating rate notes due 20     (the “Notes”) will bear interest at a rate equal to Three-Month USD LIBOR (as defined herein) plus         % per annum. Interest on the Notes is payable quarterly in arrears on             ,                     ,                      and              of each year and on the Maturity Date (as defined herein). The first interest payment on the Notes will be made on             , 2015 in respect of the period from (and including)             , 2015 to (but excluding)             , 2015. The Notes will mature on             , 20    .

The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of US$200,000 principal amount and integral multiples of US$1,000 in excess thereof. The Notes will be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a nominee of The Depository Trust Company, as depositary.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

     Per Note     Total  

Public offering price

                    US$                

Underwriting discounts

                    US$     

Proceeds to us, before expenses

                    US$     

In addition to the initial public offering price, you will have to pay for accrued interest, if any, from and including             , 2015.

The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.

The underwriter expects to deliver the Notes to investors through the book-entry facilities of The Depository Trust Company on or about             , 2015.

 

 

Sole Bookrunner and Lead Manager

Credit Suisse

Prospectus Supplement dated             , 2015


Table of Contents

You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  
Prospectus Supplement   

Summary of the Offering

     S-6   

Use of Proceeds

     S-8   

Recent Developments

     S-9   

Description of the Notes

     S-115   

Clearance and Settlement

     S-118   

Taxation

     S-121   

Underwriting

     S-123   

Legal Matters

     S-127   

Official Statements and Documents

     S-127   

General Information

     S-127   
Prospectus   

Certain Defined Terms and Conventions

     1   

Use of Proceeds

     2   

The Export-Import Bank of Korea

     3   

Overview

     3   

Capitalization

     4   

Business

     5   

Selected Financial Statement Data

     7   

Operations

     9   

Description of Assets and Liabilities

     14   

Debt

     23   

Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management

     25   

Capital Adequacy

     26   

Overseas Operations

     27   

Property

     27   

Management and Employees

     28   

Tables and Supplementary Information

     30   

Financial Statements and the Auditors

     38   

The Republic of Korea

     161   

Land and History

     161   

Government and Politics

     163   

The Economy

     167   

Principal Sectors of the Economy

     175   

The Financial System

     182   

Monetary Policy

     188   

Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade

     191   

Government Finance

     199   

Debt

     201   

Tables and Supplementary Information

     203   

Description of the Securities

     208   

Description of Debt Securities

     208   

Description of Warrants

     214   

Terms Applicable to Debt Securities and Warrants

     215   

Description of Guarantees

     216   

Limitations on Issuance of Bearer Debt Securities and Bearer Warrants

     217   

 

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     Page  

Taxation

     218   

Korean Taxation

     218   

United States Tax Considerations

     220   

Plan of Distribution

     227   

Legal Matters

     228   

Authorized Representatives in the United States

     228   

Official Statements and Documents

     228   

Experts

     228   

Forward-Looking Statements

     229   

Further Information

     231   

 

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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

All references to “we” or “us” mean The Export-Import Bank of Korea. All references to “Korea” or the “Republic” contained in this prospectus supplement mean The Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” mean the government of Korea. References to “₩” or “Won” are to the lawful currency of Korea and “US$” or “U.S. dollars” are to the lawful currency of the United States. Terms used but not defined in this prospectus supplement shall have the same meanings given to them in the accompanying prospectus.

In this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, where information has been provided in units of thousands, millions or billions, such amounts have been rounded up or down. Accordingly, actual numbers may differ from those contained herein due to rounding. Any discrepancy between the stated total amount and the actual sum of the itemized amounts listed in a table, is due to rounding.

Commencing in 2013, we prepare our financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in Korea (“Korean IFRS” or “K-IFRS”) and our separate financial information as of December 31, 2013, June 30, 2014 and September 30, 2014 and for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 included in this prospectus supplement has been prepared in accordance with Korean IFRS. References in this prospectus supplement to “separate” financial statements and information are to financial statements and information prepared on a non-consolidated basis. Unless specified otherwise, our financial and other information included in this prospectus supplement is presented on a separate basis in accordance with Korean IFRS and does not include such information with respect to our subsidiaries.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The information in this prospectus supplement is in addition to the information contained in our accompanying prospectus dated August 1, 2014. The accompanying prospectus contains information regarding ourselves and Korea, as well as a description of some terms of the Notes. You can find further information regarding us, Korea, and the Notes in registration statement no. 333-180273, as amended, relating to our debt securities, with or without warrants, and guarantees, which is on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT

We are responsible for the accuracy of the information in this document and confirm that to the best of our knowledge we have included all facts that should be included not to mislead potential investors. The address of our registered office is 38 Eunhaeng-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-996, The Republic of Korea.

NOT AN OFFER IF PROHIBITED BY LAW

The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and the offer of the Notes, may be legally restricted in some countries. If you wish to distribute this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, you should observe any restrictions. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus should not be considered an offer and it is prohibited to use them to make an offer, in any state or country which prohibits the offering.

The Notes may not be offered or sold in Korea, directly or indirectly, or to any resident of Korea, except as permitted by Korean law. For more information, see “Underwriting—Foreign Selling Restrictions.”

 

 

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INFORMATION PRESENTED ACCURATE AS OF DATE OF DOCUMENT

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are the only documents on which you should rely for information about the offering. This prospectus supplement may only be used for the purposes for which it has been published. We have authorized no one to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of each document.

 

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SUMMARY OF THE OFFERING

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand the terms of our Notes, you should carefully read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

The Notes

We are offering US$             aggregate principal amount of floating rate notes due             , 20             (the “Notes”).

The Notes will bear interest for each Interest Period (as defined herein) at a rate equal to Three-Month USD LIBOR plus             % per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on             ,             ,              and              of each year and on the Maturity Date (as defined herein). The first interest payment on the Notes will be made on             , 2015 in respect of the period from (and including)             , 2015 to (but excluding)             , 2015. Interest on the Notes will accrue from             , 2015, and will be computed on the basis of the actual number of days in the applicable Interest Period divided by 360. See “Description of the Notes—Payment of Principal and Interest.”

The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of US$200,000 principal amount and integral multiples of US$1,000 in excess thereof. The Notes will be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a nominee of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), as depositary.

We do not have any right to redeem the Notes prior to maturity.

Listing

The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.

Form and settlement

We will issue each series of the Notes in the form of one or more fully registered global notes, registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Except as described in the accompanying prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Description of Debt Securities—Global Securities,” the global notes will not be exchangeable for Notes in definitive registered form, and will not be issued in definitive registered form. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in DTC, will represent your beneficial interests in the global notes. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interest through book-entry accounts. You may hold your beneficial interests in the Notes through Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. (“Euroclear”) or Clearstream Banking, société anonyme (“Clearstream”) if you are a participant in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Any secondary market trading of book-entry interests in the Notes will take place through DTC participants, including Euroclear and Clearstream. See “Clearance and Settlement—Transfers Within and Between DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream.”

Further Issues

We may from time to time, without the consent of the holders of the Notes, create and issue additional debt securities with the same terms and conditions as the Notes in all respects so that such further issue shall be consolidated and form a single series with the Notes. We will not issue any such additional debt securities unless

 

 

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such additional securities have no more than a de minimis amount of original issue discount or such issuance would constitute a “qualified reopening” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Delivery of the Notes

We expect to make delivery of the Notes, against payment in same-day funds on or about             , 2015, which we expect will be the              business day following the date of this prospectus supplement. You should note that initial trading of the Notes may be affected by the T+             settlement. See “Underwriting—Delivery of the Notes.”

 

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We will use the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes for our general operations, including extending foreign currency loans and repayment of our maturing debt and other obligations.

 

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

This section provides information that supplements the information about our bank and the Republic included under the headings corresponding to the headings below in the accompanying prospectus dated August 1, 2014. Defined terms used in this section have the meanings given to them in the accompanying prospectus. If the information in this section differs from the information in the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information in this section.

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

Unless specified otherwise, the information provided below is stated on a separate basis in accordance with Korean IFRS. Our financial information as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 in this prospectus supplement is presented based on our unaudited internal management accounts.

Overview

As of June 30, 2014, we had ₩54,280 billion of outstanding loans, including ₩30,392 billion of outstanding export credits, ₩18,292 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and ₩2,418 billion of outstanding import credits, as compared to ₩53,809 billion of outstanding loans, including ₩28,664 billion of outstanding export credits, ₩18,393 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and ₩2,203 billion of outstanding import credits as of December 31, 2013.

In August 2013, the Financial Services Commission announced the Government’s plan to reorganize Government-owned policy banks and financial corporations in order to streamline their overlapping functions and respond systematically to rapidly changing domestic and international economic conditions. The plan called for, among other things, the transfer of Korea Finance Corporation’s overseas financing business to us and the merger of Korea Finance Corporation into The Korea Development Bank. Korea Finance Corporation’s overseas financing portfolio included financing of shipping, aerospace, infrastructure and energy projects. On October 31, 2014, pursuant to the Government’s plan, we entered into an asset sale and purchase agreement with Korea Finance Corporation whereby we agreed to purchase Korea Finance Corporation’s overseas financing business related assets in 16 projects at the book value price of approximately US$1.3 billion. Such assets were transferred to us on November 10, 2014, and we are scheduled to pay the purchase price for such assets sometime during the first quarter of 2015 to The Korea Development Bank, which completed the merger with Korea Finance Corporation on December 31, 2014. We expect the transfer to bolster our existing overseas policy financing business and expand our portfolio of project financing and other overseas assets.

 

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Capitalization

As of September 30, 2014, our authorized capital was ₩15,000 billion and our capitalization was as follows:

 

     September 30,  2014(1)  
     (billions of Won)  
     (unaudited)  

Long-Term Debt(2)(3)(4)(5):

  

Borrowings in Korean Won

   —     

Borrowings in Foreign Currencies

     3,308   

Export-Import Financing Debentures

     29,367   
  

 

 

 

Total Long-term Debt

   32,675   
  

 

 

 

Capital:

  

Paid-in Capital(6)

   7,748   

Retained Earnings

     2,071   

Legal Reserve

     320   

Voluntary Reserve

     1,634   

Unappropriated Retained Earnings

     117   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     65   
  

 

 

 

Total Capital

   9,884   
  

 

 

 

Total Capitalization

   42,559   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) Except as described in this prospectus supplement, there has been no material adverse change in our capitalization since September 30, 2014.
(2) We have translated borrowings in foreign currencies as of September 30, 2014 into Won at the rate of ₩1,059.6 to US$1.00, which was the market average exchange rate as announced by the Seoul Monetary Brokerage Services Ltd., on September 30, 2014.
(3) As of September 30, 2014, we had contingent liabilities totaling ₩58,745 billion, which consisted of ₩46,246 billion under outstanding guarantees and acceptances and ₩12,499 billion under contingent guarantees and acceptances issued on behalf of our clients.
(4) As of September 30, 2014, we had entered into 146 interest rate related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩12,447.5 billion and 236 currency related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩15,426.2 billion in accordance with our policy to hedge interest rate and currency risks.
(5) All of our borrowings, whether domestic or international, are unsecured and unguaranteed.
(6) As of September 30, 2014, authorized ordinary share capital was ₩15,000 billion and issued fully-paid ordinary share capital was ₩7,748 billion. In July 2014, the Government contributed ₩380 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Land & Housing Corporation to our capital.

Business

Government Support and Supervision

In July 2014, the Government contributed ₩380 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Land & Housing Corporation to our capital. As a result, as of September 30, 2014, our paid-in capital was ₩7,748 billion compared to ₩7,368 billion as of June 30, 2014.

Selected Financial Statement Data

Recent Developments

As of September 30, 2014, we had ₩55,721 billion of outstanding loans, including ₩31,182 billion of outstanding export credits, ₩19,162 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and ₩3,166 billion of

 

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outstanding import credits, as compared to ₩54,280 billion of outstanding loans, including ₩30,392 billion of outstanding export credits, ₩18,292 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and ₩2,418 billion of outstanding import credits as of June 30, 2014.

The following tables present selected separate financial information as of September 30, 2014 and June 30, 2014 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, which has been derived from our unaudited separate internal management accounts as of September 30, 2014 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 prepared in accordance with Korean IFRS.

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2014     2013  
     (billions of Won)  
     (unaudited)  

Income Statement Data

    

Total Interest Income

   1,240      1,260   

Total Interest Expenses

     964        995   

Net Interest Income (Expenses)

     276        265   

Total Revenues

     3,526        4,138   

Total Expenses

     3,347        4,090   

Income before Income Taxes

     179        48   

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

     (62     (11

Net Income

     117        37   

 

     As of
September 30,
2014
(unaudited)
     As of
June 30,
2014
(unaudited)
 
     (billions of Won)  

Balance Sheet Data

     

Total Loans(1)

   55,721       54,280   

Total Borrowings(2)

     50,832         49,660   

Total Assets

     64,126         61,743   

Total Liabilities

     54,242         52,430   

Total Shareholders’ Equity(3)

     9,884         9,313   

 

(1) Gross amount, which includes bills bought, foreign exchange bought, call loans, inter-bank loans in foreign currency and others without adjusting for valuation adjustment of loans in foreign currencies, deferred loan origination fees or allowance for loan losses.
(2) Includes financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, borrowings and debentures.
(3) Includes unappropriated retained earnings.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we had net income of ₩117 billion compared to net income of ₩37 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

The principal factor for the increase in net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was a decrease in provision for possible loan losses to ₩329 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from ₩455 billion in the corresponding period of 2013, primarily due to decreased non-performing assets. That factor was partially offset by a decrease in gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities to ₩6 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from ₩22 billion in the corresponding period of 2013; the ₩6 billion gain in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 reflected principally the sale of our equity interest in Kumho Tire Co., Inc. and the ₩22 billion gain in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 reflected principally the sale of our equity interest in SK Networks Co., Ltd. and Kumho Tire Co., Inc.

 

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As of September 30, 2014, our total assets increased by 4% to ₩64,126 billion from ₩61,743 billion as of June 30, 2014, primarily due to a 3% increase in loans to ₩55,721 billion as of September 30, 2014 from ₩54,280 billion as of June 30, 2014.

As of September 30, 2014, our total liabilities increased by 3% to ₩54,242 billion from ₩52,430 billion as of June 30, 2014. The increase in liabilities was primarily due to a 2% increase in debentures to ₩44,260 billion as of September 30, 2014 from ₩43,521 billion as of June 30, 2014.

The increase in assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in the volume of loans and debt, respectively. The depreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar as of September 30, 2014 compared to June 30, 2014 magnified the effect of the increase in the volume of loans and debt, as a majority of our assets and liabilities consisted of foreign currency loans and debt.

As of September 30, 2014, our total shareholders’ equity increased by 6% to ₩9,884 billion from ₩9,313 billion as of June 30, 2014, primarily due to the Government’s ₩380 billion contribution to our capital in July 2014.

Results of Operations

You should read the following financial statement data together with our separate financial statements and notes included in this prospectus supplement. The following tables present selected separate financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, which has been derived from our unaudited separate K-IFRS financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 included in this prospectus supplement:

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
         2014              2013      
     (billions of Won)  
     (unaudited)  

Income Statement Data

     

Total Interest Income

   822       830   

Total Interest Expense

     645         595   

Net Interest Income (Expenses)

     177         236   

Operating Income

     105         60   

Income before Income Tax

     108         65   

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

     31         17   

Net Income

     77         48   

 

     As of
June 30,
2014
(unaudited)
     As of
December  31,
2013
 
     (billions of Won)  

Balance Sheet Data

     

Total Loans(1)

   54,280       53,809   

Total Borrowings(2)

     49,660         48,198   

Total Assets

     61,743         60,933   

Total Liabilities

     52,430         51,683   

Total Shareholders’ Equity(3)

     9,313         9,250   

 

(1) Gross amount, which includes bills bought, foreign exchange bought, call loans, inter-bank loans in foreign currency and others without adjusting for valuation adjustment of loans in foreign currencies, deferred loan origination fees or allowance for loan losses.
(2) Includes debentures.
(3) Includes unappropriated retained earnings.

 

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For the six months ended June 30, 2014, we had net income of ₩77 billion compared to net income of ₩48 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

The principal factor for the increase in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2014 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2013 was a decrease in impairment loss on credit to ₩212 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2014 from ₩362 billion in the corresponding period of 2013, primarily due to decreased non-performing assets. That factor was partially offset by a decrease in net interest income to ₩177 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2014 from ₩236 billion in the corresponding period of 2013, primarily due to an increase in interest expense resulting from increased debentures.

As of June 30, 2014, our total assets increased by 1% to ₩61,743 billion from ₩60,933 billion as of December 31, 2013, primarily due to a 1% increase in loans to ₩54,280 billion as of June 30, 2014 from ₩53,809 billion as of December 31, 2013.

As of June 30, 2014, our total liabilities increased by 1% to ₩52,430 billion from ₩51,683 billion as of December 31, 2013. The increase in liabilities was primarily due to a 2% increase in debentures to ₩43,521 billion as of June 30, 2014 from ₩42,710 billion as of December 31, 2013.

The increase in assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in the volume of loans and debt, respectively. The appreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar as of June 30, 2014 compared to June 30, 2013 partially offset the effect of the increase in the volume of loans and debt, as a majority of our assets and liabilities consisted of foreign currency loans and debt (including loans and debt in U.S. dollar).

As of June 30, 2014, our total shareholders’ equity increased by 1% to ₩9,313 billion from ₩9,250 billion as of December 31, 2013, due to the Government’s ₩130 billion contribution to our capital in January 2014, a 4% increase in retained earnings to ₩2,031 billion from ₩1,954 billion, and loss on valuation of available-for-sale securities of ₩90 billion as of June 30, 2014 compared to gain on valuation of available-for-sale securities of ₩54 billion as of December 31, 2013.

Operations

Loan Operations

In the first half of 2014, we provided total loans of ₩27,945 billion, a decrease of 8% from the corresponding period of 2013.

Export Credits

As of June 30, 2014, export credits in the amount of ₩30,392 billion represented 56% of our total outstanding loans. Our disbursements of export credits amounted to ₩20,362 billion in the first half of 2014, a decrease of 4% from the corresponding period of 2013, which was mainly due to a decrease in demand for loan financing from domestic exporters. The appreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar as of June 30, 2014 compared to June 30, 2013 magnified the effect of the decrease in the volume of export credits in the first half of 2014, as a majority of our export credits consisted of foreign currency credits (including credits in U.S. dollar).

Overseas Investment Credits

As of June 30, 2014, overseas investment credits amounted to ₩18,292 billion, representing 34% of our total outstanding loans. Our disbursements of overseas investment credits in the first half 2014 decreased by 10% to ₩5,200 billion from the corresponding period of 2013, primarily due to decreased demand in overseas investment and project credits. The appreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar as of June 30, 2014 compared to June 30, 2013 magnified the effect of the decrease in the volume of overseas investment credits in the first half of 2014, as a majority of our overseas investment credits consisted of foreign currency credits.

 

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Import Credits

As of June 30, 2014, import credits in the amount of ₩2,418 billion represented 4% of our total outstanding loans. Our disbursements of import credits amounted to ₩2,383 billion in the first half of 2014, a decrease of 29% over the corresponding period of 2013, which was mainly due to a decrease in demand for financing for raw materials used for export and domestic consumption. The appreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar as of June 30, 2014 compared to June 30, 2013 magnified the effect of the decrease in the volume of import credits in the first half of 2014, as a significant portion of our import credits consisted of foreign currency credits (including credits in U.S. dollar).

Guarantee Operations

Guarantee commitments as of June 30, 2014 increased to ₩55,393 billion from ₩53,696 billion as of December 31, 2013. Guarantees we had confirmed as of June 30, 2014 increased to ₩43,456 billion from ₩41,587 billion as of December 31, 2013.

For further information regarding our guarantee and letter of credit operations, see “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of June 30, 2014 and 2013—Note 36”.

Description of Assets and Liabilities

Except where expressly indicated otherwise, loans in Won and loans in foreign currencies are collectively referred to as the “Loans”. Bills bought, foreign exchange bought and advances for customers are collectively referred to as the “Other Loans”. Loans and Other Loans are collectively referred to as the “Loan Credits”. Confirmed guarantees and acceptances are collectively referred to as the “Guarantees”. Loan Credits and Guarantees are collectively referred to as the “Credit Exposure”.

Total Credit Exposure

The following table sets out our Credit Exposure as of June 30, 2014, categorized by type of exposure extended:

 

           June 30, 2014  
          (billions of Won, except for percentages)  

A

   Loans in Won    14,724        15

B

   Loans in Foreign Currencies      35,049        36   

C

   Loans (A+B)      49,773        52   

D

   Other Loans      1,352        1   

E

   Call Loans and Inter-bank Loans in Foreign Currency      3,154        3   

F

   Loan Credits (C+D+E)      54,280        56   

G

   Allowances for Possible Loan Losses      (1,418     (1

H

   Loan Credits including PVD (F-G)      52,862        55   

I

   Guarantees      43,456        45   

J

   Credit Exposure (H+I)    96,318        100

Loan Credits by Geographic Area

The following table sets out the total amount of our outstanding Loan Credits (excluding call loans and inter-bank loans in foreign currency) as of June 30, 2014, categorized by geographic area(1)(2):

 

      June 30, 2014      As % of
June 30, 2014
Total
 
     (billions of Won, except for percentages)
 

Asia

   41,205         76

Europe

     5,128         9  

America

     4,762         9  

Africa

     3,185         6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Loan Credits

   54,280         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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(1) For purposes of this table, export credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the foreign buyers of Korean exports are located; overseas investment credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the overseas investments being financed are located; and import credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the sellers of the imported goods are located.
(2) Excludes call loans, inter-bank loans in foreign currency, and loan value adjustments.

Source: Internal accounting records.

Individual Exposure

As of June 30, 2014, our largest Credit Exposure was to Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in the amount of ₩6,694 billion.

As of June 30, 2014, our second and third largest Credit Exposures were to Samsung Heavy Industries in the amount of ₩4,872 billion and to Hyundai Heavy Industries in the amount of ₩4,594 billion, respectively.

The following table sets out our five largest Credit Exposures as of June 30, 2014(1):

 

Rank

  

Name of Borrower

   Loans      Guarantees      Total  
          (billions of Won)  

1

   Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering    1,052       5,642       6,694   

2

   Samsung Heavy Industries      923         3,949         4,872   

3

   Hyundai Heavy Industries      1,203         3,392         4,594   

4

   GS Engineering & Construction      1,327         2,151         3,478   

5

   SK Engineering & Construction      184         2,105         2,289   

 

(1) Includes loans and guarantees extended to affiliates.

Source: Internal accounting records.

Asset Quality

Asset Classifications

The following table provides information on our asset quality and loan loss reserves as of June 30, 2014:

 

     As of June 30, 2014  
      Loan
Amount(1)
     Loan  Loss
Reserve(2)
 

Normal

   90,058       621   

Precautionary

     2,902         406   

Sub-standard

     1,340         668   

Doubtful

     182         132   

Estimated Loss

     87         86   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   94,570       1,912   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) These figures include loans (excluding interbank loans and call loans), domestic usance, bills bought, foreign exchange bought, advances for customers, and confirmed acceptances and guarantees.
(2) These figures include present value discount.

Reserves for Credit Losses

As of June 30, 2014, the amount of our non-performing assets was ₩278 billion, a decrease of 43% from ₩491 billion as of December 31, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, our non-performing asset ratio was 0.3%, compared to 0.5% as of December 31, 2013. Non-performing assets are (i) assets classified as doubtful or estimated loss, (ii) assets in delinquency of repayments of principal or interest more than three months, or (iii) assets exempted from interest payments due to restructuring or rescheduling.

We cannot provide any assurance that our current level of exposure to non-performing assets will not increase in the future or that any of our borrowers (including our largest borrowers as described above) is not currently facing, or in the future will not face, material financial difficulties.

 

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The following table sets forth information regarding our loan loss reserves as of June 30, 2014:

 

     June 30, 2014  
    

(billions of Won,

except for percentages)

 

Loan Loss Reserve (A)

   1,912   

NPA (B)(1)

     278   

Total Equity (C)

     9,313   

Reserve to NPA (A/B)

     688

Equity at Risk (B-A)/C

     —    

 

(1) Non-performing assets.

Source: Internal accounting records.

Investments

As of June 30, 2014, our total investment in securities amounted to ₩4,572 billion, representing 7% of our total assets.

The following table sets out the composition of our investment securities as of June 30, 2014:

 

Type of Investment Securities

   Amount      %  
     (billions of Won)  

Available-for-Sale Securities

   3,907         85

Held-to-Maturity Securities

     36         1   

Investments in Associates and Subsidiaries

     629         14   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   4,572         100
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For further information relating to the classification guidelines and methods of valuation for unrealized gains and losses on our securities, see “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of June 30, 2014 and 2013—Note 3”.

Guarantees and Acceptances and Contingent Liabilities

As of June 30, 2014, we had issued a total amount of ₩43,456 billion in confirmed guarantees and acceptances, of which ₩41,855 billion, representing 96% of the total amount, was classified as normal and the remaining ₩1,601 billion was classified as precautionary, substandard, doubtful or estimated loss.

Derivatives

As of June 30, 2014, our outstanding loans made at floating rates of interest totaled approximately ₩32,269 billion, whereas our outstanding borrowings made at floating rates of interest totaled approximately ₩9,038 billion, including those raised in Swiss franc, Singapore dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Brazil real, Saudi riyal, Czech koruna and Euro and swapped into U.S. dollar floating rate borrowings. As of June 30, 2014, we had entered into 236 currency related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩16,426 billion and valuation for BIS capital ratio purposes of ₩131 billion and had entered into 142 interest rate related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩11,010 billion and valuation for BIS capital ratio purposes of ₩7 billion. See “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of June 30, 2014 and 2013—Note 20”.

Sources of Funding

We raised a net total of ₩31,510 billion (new borrowings plus loan repayments by our clients less repayment of our existing debt) during the first half of 2014, a decrease of 7% from ₩33,822 billion in the

 

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corresponding period of 2013. The total loan repayments, including prepayments by our clients, during the first half of 2014 amounted to ₩23,991 billion, a decrease of 3% from ₩24,696 billion during the corresponding period of 2013.

As of June 30, 2014, we had no outstanding borrowings from the Government. We issued Won-denominated domestic bonds in the aggregate amount of ₩6,260 billion during the first half of 2014.

During the first half of 2014, we issued eurobonds in the aggregate principal amount of US$2,152 million in various types of currencies under our existing Euro medium term notes program (the “EMTN Program”), a 54% decrease from US$4,631 million in the corresponding period of 2013. In addition, we issued global bonds during the first half of 2014 in the aggregate amount of US$1,500 million under our U.S. shelf registration statement (the “U.S. Shelf Program”) compared with US$500 million in the corresponding period of 2013. As of June 30, 2014, the outstanding amounts of our notes and debentures were US$16,802 million, SGD 80 million, JPY 260,060 million, HKD 4,548 million, MYR 1,630 million, BRL 4,743 million, EUR 2,087 million, MXN 3,031 million, THB 25,500 million, CHF 775 million, AUD 2,584 million, INR 4,202 million, CNY 3,708 million, IDR 3,476,730 million, PEN 266 million, PHP 11,350 million, TRY 562 million, TWD 600 million, NZD 498 million, SAR 750 million, ZAR 1,401 million, RUB 1,260 million, NOK 2,750 million, CZK 700 million and GBP 300 million.

We also borrow from foreign financial institutions in the form of loans that are principally made bilaterally or by syndicates of commercial banks at floating or fixed interest rates and in foreign currencies, with original maturities ranging from one to ten years. As of June 30, 2014, the outstanding amount of such borrowings from foreign financial institutions (net of discounts) was US$2,775 million.

As of June 30, 2014, our total paid-in capital amounted to ₩7,368 billion, and the Government, The Bank of Korea and Korea Finance Corporation owned 68.5%, 15.8% and 15.7%, respectively, of our paid-in capital.

As of June 30, 2014, the aggregate outstanding principal amount of our borrowings (including export-import financing debentures), ₩49,659 billion, was equal to 19% of the authorized amount of ₩264,228 billion.

Debt

Debt Repayment Schedule

The following table sets out the principal repayment schedule for our debt outstanding as of June 30, 2014:

Debt Principal Repayment Schedule

 

     Maturing on or before December 31,  

Currency(1)

   2014      2015      2016      2017      Thereafter  
     (billions of won)  

Won

   4,320       4,190       1,070       —         170   

Foreign

     1,810         8,426         5,547         5,195         12,754   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Won Equivalent

   6,130       12,616       6,617       5,195       12,924   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Borrowings in foreign currency have been translated into Won at the market average exchange rates on June 30, 2014, as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services Ltd.

Source: Internal accounting records.

As of June 30, 2014, our foreign currency assets maturing within three months, six months and one year exceeded our foreign currency liabilities coming due within such periods by US$4,512 million, US$6,082 million and US$4,474 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2014, our total foreign currency liabilities exceeded our total foreign currency assets by US$5,807 million.

 

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Capital Adequacy

As of June 30, 2014, our capital adequacy ratio was 11.2%, a decrease from 11.6% as of December 31, 2013, which was primarily the result of an increase in risk adjusted assets.

The following table sets forth our capital base and capital adequacy ratios reported as of June 30, 2014:

 

     June 30, 2014  
     (billions of Won, except for percentages)  

Tier I

   8,858   

Paid-in Capital

     7,368  

Retained Earnings

     1,505  

Deductions from Tier I Capital

     (15 )

Capital Adjustments

     —    

Deferred Tax Asset

     —     

Others

     (15

Tier II (General Loan Loss Reserves)

     1,078  

Total Capital

     9,936  

Risk Adjusted Assets

     88,846  

Capital Adequacy Ratios

  

Tier I common equity

     10.0

Tier 1

     10.0

Tier I and Tier II

     11.2

 

Source: Internal accounting records.

Financial Statements and the Auditors

Our interim separate financial statements as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2014 and for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 appearing in this prospectus supplement were prepared in conformity with Korean IFRS, as summarized in Note 2 of the notes to our separate financial statements included in this prospectus supplement.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013

 

     Korean won  
     Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  
     (unaudited)        
     (In millions)  

ASSETS:

    

Cash and due from financial institutions (Notes 4, 5 and 7)

   1,720,047      2,214,755   

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) (Notes 4, 5, 8 and 20)

     782,322        855,248   

Hedging derivative assets (Notes 4, 5 and 20)

     432,965        378,324   

Loans (Notes 4, 5, 10 and 37)

     52,529,194        51,169,874   

Financial investments (Notes 4, 5 and 9)

     3,943,619        4,073,979   

Investments in associates and subsidiaries (Note 11)

     629,151        629,160   

Tangible assets, net (Note 12)

     244,472        236,519   

Intangible assets, net (Note 13)

     16,507        17,428   

Deferred tax assets (Note 34)

     545,082        511,601   

Other assets (Notes 4, 5, 14 and 37)

     899,729        846,350   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   61,743,088      60,933,238   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

LIABILITIES:

    

Financial liabilities at FVTPL (Notes 4, 5 and 20)

   60,436      212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities (Notes 4, 5 and 20)

     1,051,293        1,799,713   

Borrowings (Notes 4, 5 and 15)

     6,138,549        5,488,545   

Debentures (Notes 4, 5 and 16)

     43,521,007        42,709,823   

Provisions (Note 17)

     265,845        245,355   

Retirement benefit obligation, net (Note 18)

     32,592        27,868   

Current tax liabilities

     —          99,139   

Other liabilities (Notes 4, 5, 19 and 37)

     1,360,547        1,099,767   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   52,430,269      51,683,098   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

    

Capital stock (Note 21)

   7,368,055      7,238,055   

Other components of equity (Notes 20 and 22)

     (86,619     57,757   

Retained earnings (Note 23) (Regulatory reserve for bad loans as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013: ₩447,671 million and ₩514,785 million) (Note 23)

     2,031,383        1,954,328   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     9,312,819        9,250,140   
   61,743,088      60,933,238   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

     Korean won  
     Six months ended
June 30, 2014
    Six months ended
June 30, 2013
 
     (In millions)  
     (unaudited)  

OPERATING INCOME:

    

Net interest income (Notes 24 and 37):

    

Interest income

   821,580      830,404   

Interest expenses

     (644,747     (594,791
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     176,833        235,613   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net commission income (Notes 25 and 37):

    

Commission income

     176,809        181,038   

Commission expenses

     (1,785     (1,269
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     175,024        179,769   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Dividend income (Note 26)

     10,442        13,959   

Gain (loss) on financial assets at FVTPL (Note 27)

     235,819        2,781   

Gain (loss) on hedging derivative assets (Notes 20 and 28)

     517,658        (1,509,656

Loss on financial investments (Note 29)

     (33,682     (3,121

Gain (loss) on foreign exchange transaction

     (435,411     1,107,452   

Other net operating income (expenses) (Note 30)

     (234,433     490,719   

Impairment loss on credit (Notes 31 and 37)

     (212,206     (362,433

General and administrative expenses (Note 32)

     (95,514     (94,790
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating income

     104,530        60,293   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NON OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES) (Note 33):

    

Gain (loss) on investments in associates and subsidiaries

     4,662        8,018   

Net other non-operating income (expenses)

     (1,247     (3,681
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     3,415        4,337   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX

     107,945        64,630   

INCOME TAX EXPENSES (Note 34)

     (30,890     (16,758
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME

     77,055        47,872   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Adjusted income (loss) after reserve for bad loans for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013: ₩144,169 million and
(-)₩24,002 million) (Note 23)

    

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME(LOSS)
FOR THE PERIOD (Note 22)

    

Items not reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

    

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liability

     —          (176

Income tax effect

     —          42   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     —          (134

Items reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

    

Valuation on Available-For-Sale (“AFS”) securities

     (190,104     9,637   

Cash flow hedging gains or losses

     (365     2,454   

Income tax effect

     46,093        (2,926
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (144,376     9,165   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

   (67,321   56,903   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

          Other components of equity              
    Capital stock     Valuation on
AFS
securities
    Cash flow
Hedging
gains or
losses
    Remeasurement
of net defined
benefit
liability
    Retained
earnings
    Total  
    (Korean won in millions)  
    (unaudited)  

January 1, 2013

  7,138,055      25,641      (3,210   (1,631   1,928,883      9,087,738   

Dividends

    —                (34,286     (34,286

Increase in capital stock

    20,000                20,000   

Net income

            47,872        47,872   

Gain on valuation of available-for-sale securities

      7,304              7,304   

Gain on valuation of cash flow hedge

        1,861            1,861   

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liability

          (134       (134
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

June 30, 2013

  7,158,055      32,945      (1,349   (1,765   1,942,469      9,130,355   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

January 1, 2014

  7,238,055      54,157      (1,227   4,827      1,954,328      9,250,140   

Increase in capital stock

    130,000                130,000   

Net income

            77,055        77,055   

Loss on valuation of AFS securities

      (144,099           (144,099

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

        (277         (277
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

June 30, 2014

  7,368,055      (89,942   (1,504   4,827      2,031,383      9,312,819   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

     Korean won  
     Six months ended
June 30, 2014
    Six months ended
June 30, 2013
 
     (In millions)  
     (unaudited)  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net income

   77,055      47,872   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

    

Income tax expense

     30,890        16,758   

Interest income

     (821,580     (830,404

Interest expenses

     644,747        594,791   

Dividend income

     (10,442     (13,959

Loss on AFS securities

     33,684        3,544   

Loss on foreign exchange transactions

     649,149        1,669,951   

Impairment loss on credit

     212,206        362,433   

Impairment loss on equity securities by the equity method

     10        —     

Loss on fair value hedged items

     310,486        60,947   

Depreciation and amortization

     3,697        2,370   

Loss on disposals of tangible, intangible and other assets

     1        5   

Loss on valuation of derivative assets

     80,210        1,609,114   

Retirement benefits

     5,191        5,084   

Gain on trading securities

     (1,652     (706

Gain on AFS securities

     (2     (423

Net increase in reversal of derivatives’ credit risk provision

     (5,367     (10,835

Gain on foreign exchange transactions

     (213,738     (2,779,385

Gain on fair value hedged items

     (71,859     (542,070

Gain on valuation of derivative assets

     (722,935     (74,502

Gain on disposals of tangible assets, intangible assets and other assets

     (49     (37

Changes in assets and liabilities resulting from operations:

    

Net decrease in due from financial institutions

     623,049        471,167   

Net decrease (increase) in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     199,569        (461,508

Net decrease in hedging derivative assets

     60,013        204,180   

Net increase in loans

     (1,625,578     (5,232,311

Net increase in other assets

     (171,412     (301,831

Net increase in provisions

     36,052        94,969   

Payment of retirement benefits

     (467     (549

Net decrease in other liabilities

     126,726        91,554   

Net decrease in financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     (121,031     (109,860

Net decrease in hedging derivative liabilities

     (377,127     (376,650

Payment of income tax

     (117,417     (81,356

Interest income received

     898,275        746,223   

Interest expense paid

     (544,747     (537,600

Dividend income received

     10,442        13,959   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (803,951     (5,359,065
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(Continued)

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

     Korean won  
     Six months ended
June 30, 2014
    Six months ended
June 30, 2013
 
     (In millions)  
     (unaudited)  

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

    

Disposals of AFS securities and held-to-maturity securities

   65,259      1,995   

Disposals of tangible assets

     64        38   

Disposals of intangible assets

     —          204   

Acquisitions of AFS securities and held-to-maturity securities

     (149,605     (150,012

Acquisitions of tangible assets

     (10,086     (1,222

Acquisitions of intangible assets

     (657     (1,113
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in by investing activities

     (95,025     (150,110
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

    

Increase in call money

     331,400        797,129   

Increase in borrowings

     1,292,337        4,225,717   

Increase in debentures

     11,541,464        11,051,986   

Increase in capital stock

     130,000        20,000   

Decrease in borrowings

     (1,003,686     (2,465,157

Decrease in debentures

     (11,086,916     (7,255,191

Payment of dividends

     —          (34,286
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     1,204,599        6,340,198   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCREASE IN DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

     305,623        831,023   

DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD

     1,432,027        848,451   

EFFECTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

     (177,281     184,764   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, END OF THE
PERIOD (Note 7)

   1,560,369      1,864,238   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

1. GENERAL:

(1) Summary of the Export-Import Bank of Korea

The Export-Import Bank of Korea (the “Bank” or the “Company”) was established in 1976 as a special financial institution under the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act (the “EXIM Bank Act”) to grant financial facilities for overseas trade (i.e., export and import), investments and resources development activities. As of June 30, 2014, the Bank operates 10 domestic branches, 4 overseas subsidiaries, and 15 overseas offices.

The Bank’s authorized capital is ₩8,000,000 million, and through numerous capital increases since the establishment, its paid-in capital is ₩7,368,055 million as of June 30, 2014. The Government of the Republic of Korea (the “Government”), the Bank of Korea (“BOK”), and the Korea Finance Corporation hold 68.53%, 15.81% and 15.66%, respectively, of the ownership of the Bank as of June 30, 2014.

The Bank, as a trustee of the Government, has managed the Economic Development Cooperation Fund since June 1987 and the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund since March 1991. The funds are accounted for separately and are not included in the Bank’s separate financial statements. The Bank receives fees from the Government for the trustee services.

(2) Summary of subsidiaries and associates

1) Subsidiaries of the Bank as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Subsidiaries

   Location    Capital stock    Main
business
     Number of
shares

owned
     Percentage
of owner-
ship (%)
     Financial
statements

as of
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   United
Kingdom
   GBP 20 mil.      Banking         20,000,000         100.00         Jun. 30, 2014   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing
Co (*)

   Vietnam    USD 13 mil.      Banking         —           100.00         Jun. 30, 2014   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Indonesia    IDR 52,000 mil.      Banking         442         85.00         Jun. 30, 2014   

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Hong Kong    USD 20 mil.      Banking         30,000,000         100.00         Jun. 30, 2014   

 

(*) This entity does not issue share certificates.

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Subsidiaries

   Location    Capital stock    Main
business
     Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner-
ship (%)
     Financial
statements

as of
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   United
Kingdom
   GBP 20 mil.      Banking         20,000,000         100.00         Dec. 31, 2013   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co (*)

   Vietnam    USD 13 mil.      Banking         —           100.00         Dec. 31, 2013   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Indonesia    IDR 52,000 mil.      Banking         442         85.00         Dec. 31, 2013   

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Hong Kong    USD 20 mil.      Banking         30,000,000         100.00         Dec. 31, 2013   

 

(*) This entity does not issue share certificates.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) Associates of the Bank as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Subsidiaries

  

Location

  

Capital stock

  

Main
business

   Number of
Shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner-
ship (%)
    

Financial
statements

as of

Korea Asset Management Corp

   Korea    KRW 860,000 mil.    Financial service      44,482,396         25.86       Jun. 30, 2014

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

   Philippines    USD700 mil.    Financial service      100,000,000         14.28       Mar. 31, 2014

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co, Ltd.

   Korea    KRW 256,542 mil.    Shipbuilding      93,294,100         70.71       Mar. 31, 2014

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co, Ltd.

   Korea    KRW 2,530 mil    Shipbuilding      1,040,000         67.27       Mar. 31, 2014

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Subsidiaries

  

Location

  

Capital stock

  

Main

business

   Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner-
ship (%)
    

Financial
statements

as of

Korea Asset Management Corp

   Korea    KRW 860,000 mil.    Financial service      44,482,396         25.86       Dec. 31, 2013

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

   Philippines    USD700 mil.    Financial service      100,000,000         14.28       Sep. 30, 2013

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co, Ltd.

   Korea    KRW 256,542 mil.    Shipbuilding      9,410,000         33.99       Sep. 30, 2013

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

The Bank’s financial statements are prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by Republic of Korea (“K-IFRS”).

(1) Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The separate financial statements are interim financial statements that apply K-IFRS 1034 ‘Interim Financial Reporting’ for one part of yearly financial statements. The Bank’s separate financial statements are prepared in accordance with K-IFRS 1027 ‘Separate financial statements’.

Major accounting policies used for the preparation of the separate financial statements are stated below. Unless stated below, the accounting policies have been applied consistently with the annual separate financial statements in order to prepare the separate financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2014.

The accompanying separate financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain non-current assets and financial instruments that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given.

1) The Bank has newly adopted the following new standards that affected the accounting policies.

Amendments to K-IFRS 1032—Financial Instruments: Presentation

The amendments to K-IFRS 1032 clarify the requirement for the offset presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities. That is, the right to offset must not be conditional on the occurrence of future events and can be exercised anytime during the contract periods. The right to offset is executable even in the case of default or insolvency. The adoption of the amendments has no significant impact on the Bank’s separate financial statements.

Amendments to K-IFRS 1039—Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement

The amendments allowed the Bank to use hedge accounting when, as a consequence of laws or regulations or the introduction of laws or regulations, the original counterparty to the hedging instrument is replaced by a central counterparty or an entity which is acting as counterparty in order to effect clearing by a central counterparty. The adoption of the amendments has no significant impact on the Bank’s separate financial statements.

Enactment of K-IFRS 2121—Levies

The enactment defines that the obligating event giving rise to the recognition of a liability to pay a levy is the activity that triggers the payment of the levy in accordance with the related legislation. The enactment has no significant impact on the Bank’s separate financial statements.

In addition to the new amendments and enactments listed above, K-IFRS 1036, Impairment of Assets, had been amended to add clarifications about the disclosure requirement in relation to estimated recoverable amount for non-financial assets. The adoption of these amendments has no significant impact on the Bank’s separate financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) The Bank has not applied the following new and revised K-IFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective:

Amendments to K-IFRS 1019—Employee Benefits

If the amount of the contributions is independent from the numbers of years of service, the Bank is permitted to recognize such contributions as a reduction in the service cost in the period in which the related service is rendered. The amendments are effective for the annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2014.

The Bank anticipates that the amendment listed above may not have significant impact on the Bank’s separate financial statements.

(2) Functional Currency

Items included in the separate financial statements of each entity in the Bank are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency).

(3) Significant Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of separate financial statements requires the application of accounting policies, especially certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions that may have a significant impact on assets (liabilities) and income (expenses). The management’s estimate of outcome may differ from an actual outcome if the management’s estimate and assumption based on its best judgment at the reporting date are different from an actual environment.

Estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and the change in an accounting estimate is recognized prospectively by including it in profit or loss in the period of the change, if the change affects that period only, or the period of the change and future periods, if the change affects both.

1) Significant Estimates and Assumptions

Uncertainty in estimates and assumptions with significant risk that will result in material adjustment are as follows:

 Fair value of financial instruments

The fair value of financial instruments where no active market exists or where quoted prices are not otherwise available are determined by using valuation techniques. Financial instruments, which are not actively traded in the market and with less transparent market price, will have less objective fair value and require broad judgment in liquidity, concentration, uncertainty in market factors and assumption in price determination and other risks.

As described in the significant accounting policies ‘Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments’ diverse valuation techniques are used to determine the fair value of financial instruments, from general market accepted valuation model to internally developed valuation model that incorporates various types of assumptions and variables.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Provision of credit losses (allowances for loan losses, provisions for acceptances and guarantees, financial guarantee contracts and unused loan commitments)

The Bank determines and recognizes allowances for loan losses through impairment testing and recognizes provisions for acceptances and guarantees, financial guarantee contracts and unused loan commitments. The accuracy of provisions of credit losses is determined by the methodology and assumptions used for estimating expected cash flows of the borrower for allowances on individual loans and collectively assessing allowances for groups of loans, guarantees and unused loan commitments.

ƒ Defined benefit obligation

The present value of defined benefit obligations is measured by the independent actuaries using projected unit credit method. It is determined by actuarial assumptions and variables such as future increases in salaries, rate of retirement, discount rate and others.

2) Critical judgments in applying the accounting policies

Critical judgments in applying the accounting policies that have significant impact on the amount recognized in the separate financial statements are as follows:

Impairment of AFS equity investments

As described in the significant accounting policies in ‘Impairment of Financial Assets’, when there is significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument below its original cost, there is objective evidence that AFS equity investments are impaired.

Accordingly, the Bank considers the decline in the fair value of over 30% against the original cost as “significant decline” and a six-month continuous decline in the market price for marketable equity instrument as “prolonged decline”.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

(1) General

The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of these separate financial statements after transition to K-IFRS are set out below. These policies are consistently applied to previous periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

(2) Foreign Currency

1) Foreign currency transactions

In preparing the separate financial statements of the Bank, transactions in currencies other than the Bank’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded by applying the rates of exchange at the dates of the transactions.

At the end of each reporting period foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate which is the spot exchange rate at the end of the reporting period. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rates at the date when the

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

fair value was determined and non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. When gains or losses on a non-monetary item are recognized in other comprehensive income, any exchange component of those gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when gains or losses on a non-monetary item are recognized in profit or loss, any exchange component of those gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss.

2) Foreign operations

The results and financial position of all foreign operations, whose functional currency differs from the Bank’s presentation currency, are translated into the Bank’s presentation currency using the following procedures;

Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position. Income and expenses for statement of comprehensive income presented are translated at average exchange rates for the period.

Any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition of that foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation. Thus they are expressed in the functional currency of the foreign operation and are translated into the presentation currency at the closing rate.

On the disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of the exchange differences relating to that foreign operation, recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the separate component of equity, are reclassified from equity to profit or loss (as a reclassification adjustment) when the gains or losses on disposal are recognized. On the partial disposal of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the Bank reattributes the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of the exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income to the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation. In any other partial disposal of a foreign operation, the Bank reclassifies to profit or loss only the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of the exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income.

(3) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments

1) Initial recognition

The Bank recognizes a financial asset or a financial liability in its separate statement of financial position when the Bank becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A regular way purchase or sale of financial assets (a purchase or sale of a financial asset under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by market regulation or practice) is recognized using trade date accounting.

The Bank classifies the financial assets as financial assets at FVTPL, held-to-maturity investments, AFS financial assets, loans, receivables and financial liabilities as financial liabilities at FVTPL and other financial liabilities as the nature and holding purpose of financial instrument at initial recognition in the purpose of financial reporting.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

At initial recognition, a financial asset or financial liability is measured at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability. The fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price (that is, the fair value of the consideration given or received).

2) Subsequent measurement

After initial recognition, financial instruments are measured at one of the following based on classification at initial recognition.

 Amortized cost

The amortized cost of a financial asset or financial liability is the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition and adjusted to reflect minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method (as defined below) and minus any reduction (directly or through the use of an allowances account) for impairment or bad debt expenses.

Fair value

The fair values, which the Bank primarily uses for measurement of financial instruments, are the published price quotations in an active market which are based on the market prices or the dealer price quotations of financial instruments traded in an active market where available, which are the best evidence of fair value.

A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.

The Bank uses valuation models that are commonly used by market participants and customized for the Bank to determine fair values of common over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives such as options, interest rate swaps and currency swaps which are based on the inputs observable in markets. However for these more complex instruments, the Bank uses internally developed models, which are usually based on valuation methods and techniques generally recognized as standard within the industry, or the value measured by the independent external valuation institution as the fair values if all or some of the inputs to the valuation models are not market observable and therefore it is necessary to measure fair value on certain assumptions.

Also, the Bank classified measurements of fair value recognized in the financial statements into the following hierarchy.

 

   

Level 1: Fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 2: Fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

 

   

Level 3: Fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

The fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the level of the lowest-level input that is significant to the entire measurement. For this purpose, input that is significant is estimated by the entire measurement.

On the other hand, the fair value hierarchy of foreign currency financial instruments is not affected by fluctuation of foreign exchange rate.

Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for significant adjustments. In this situation, the measurement is regarded as Level 3.

If the valuation technique does not reflect all factors which market participants would consider in setting a price, the fair value is adjusted to reflect those factors. These factors include counterparty credit risk, bid-ask spread, liquidity risk and others.

The chosen valuation technique makes maximum use of market inputs and relies as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. It incorporates all factors that market participants would consider in setting a price and is consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments. Periodically, the Bank calibrates the valuation technique and tests it for validity using prices from any observable current market transactions in the same instrument or based on any available observable market data.

3) Derecognition

Derecognition is the removal of a previously recognized financial asset or financial liability from the separate statement of financial position. The following is criteria for removal;

 Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets have been transferred and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are also transferred or the financial assets have been neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks, rewards of ownership and control. Therefore, if the Bank neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets, the Bank continues to recognize the financial asset to the extent of its continuing involvement in the financial asset.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognized from the separate statement of financial position when the obligation specified in contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

4) Offsetting

A financial asset and a financial liability are offset and the net amount presented in the separate statement of financial position when, and only when, the Bank currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(4) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, foreign currency, and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(5) Financial assets at FVTPL

This category comprises two sub-categories: financial assets classified as held for trading and financial assets designated by the Bank as at FVTPL upon initial recognition.

A non-derivative financial asset is classified as held for trading if either

 

   

It is acquired for the purpose of selling it in the near term, or

 

   

It is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking

The Bank may designate certain financial assets, other than held for trading, upon initial recognition as at FVTPL when one of the following conditions is met:

 

   

It eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (sometimes referred to as ‘an accounting mismatch’) that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases

 

   

A group of financial assets is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the group is provided internally on that basis to the Bank’s key management personnel.

 

   

A contract contains one or more embedded derivatives may designate the entire hybrid (combined) contract as a financial asset at FVTPL if allowed according to K-IFRS No. 1039, Financial Instruments: Recognition and measurement.

After initial recognition, a financial asset at FVTPL is measured at fair value and gains or losses arising from a change in the fair value are recognized in profit or loss. Interest income, dividend income, and gains or losses from sale and repayment from financial assets at FVTPL are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income as net gains on financial instruments at FVTPL.

(6) Financial Investments

AFS and held-to-maturity financial assets are presented as financial investments.

 AFS financial assets

Profit or loss of financial assets classified as AFS, except for impairment loss and foreign exchange gains and losses, is recognized as other comprehensive income, and cumulative profit or loss is reclassified from equity to current profit or loss at the derecognition of financial asset and it is recognized as part of other operating profit or loss in the separate statements of comprehensive income.

However, interest income measured using effective interest rate is recognized in current profit or loss, and dividends of financial assets classified as AFS are recognized when the right to receive payment is established.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

AFS financial assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the closing rate.

For such a financial asset, exchange differences resulting from changes in amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses. For AFS equity instruments that are not monetary items for example, equity instruments, the gains or losses that are recognized in other comprehensive income includes any related foreign exchange component

Held-to-maturity financial assets

Held-to-maturity financial assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity that the Bank’s management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. Held-to-maturity financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method after initial recognition and interest income is recognized using the effective interest rate.

(7) Loans

Non-derivative financial assets are classified as loans if these are not quoted in an active market and payments are fixed or determinable. After initial recognition, these are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

(8) Impairment of financial assets

The Bank assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred, if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. However, losses expected as a result of future events, no matter how likely, are not recognized. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured and recognized in profit or loss by category of financial assets.

1) Loans

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on loans carried at amortized cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the loan’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. The Bank first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for loans that are individually significant (individual evaluation of impairment), and individually or collectively for loans that are not individually significant.

If the Bank determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed loan, whether significant or not, it includes the loan in a group of loans with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment (collective evaluation of impairment).

 Individual assessment of impairment

Individual assessment of impairment losses are calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows of a loan at its original effective interest rate and comparing the resultant present value with the loan’s current carrying amount. This process normally encompasses management’s best estimate, such as operating cash flow of borrower and fair value less cost to sell of any collateral held and the timing of anticipated receipts.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Collective assessment of impairment

The methodology based on historical loss experience is used to estimate inherent incurred loss on groups of loans for collective evaluation of impairment. Such methodology incorporates factors such as type of product and borrowers, credit rating, portfolio size, loss emergence period, recovery period and applies probability of default(PD) on each loan (or pool of loans) and loss given default(LGD) by type of collateral. Also, consistent assumptions are applied to form a formula-based model in estimating inherent loss and to determine factors on the basis of historical loss experience and current condition. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates and actual loss experience.

2) AFS financial assets

When a decline in the fair value of an AFS financial asset has been recognized in other comprehensive income and there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, the cumulative loss (the difference between the acquisition cost and current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognized in profit or loss) that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses.

If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of an AFS debt instrument classified as increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses. However, impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an AFS equity instrument classified as available for sale are not reversed through profit or loss.

3) Held-to-maturity financial assets.

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on held-to-maturity financial assets carried at amortized cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. Impairment loss of held-to-maturity financial assets is directly deducted from the carrying amount. The amount of the loss is recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses. In case of financial asset classified as held-to-maturity, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss is decreased and objectively related to the event occurring after the impairment is recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed to the extent of amortized cost at the date of recovery. The amount of reversal is recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses in the separate statement of comprehensive income.

(9) Derivatives

The Bank enters into numerous numbers of derivatives such as currency forward, interest rate swaps, currency swaps and others for trading purpose or to manage its exposures to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange and others. These derivatives are presented as financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL and derivatives for hedging in accordance with purpose and subsequent measurement.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in net profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

instrument, in such case the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship. The Bank designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the risk of changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or firm contracts (fair value hedge).

At the inception of the hedge there is formal designation and documentation of the hedging relationship and the Bank’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. That documentation includes identification of the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the entity will assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item’s fair value attributable to the hedged risk.

1) Derivative for trading

All derivatives, except for derivatives that are designated and qualify for hedge accounting are classified as financial instruments held for trading and measured at fair value. Gains or losses arising from a change in fair value are recognized in profit or loss as part of net gains on financial instruments at FVTPL.

2) Derivative financial instruments for hedging

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognized in profit or loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in the line of the income statement relating to the hedged item in the income statement.

Fair value hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the Bank revokes the designation. Once fair value hedge accounting is discontinued, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is fully amortized to profit or loss by the maturity of the financial instrument in the separate statements of comprehensive income.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit or loss, and is recognized in the line of the separate statements of comprehensive income relating to the hedged item.

3) Embedded derivatives

An embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and accounted for as a derivative if, and only if the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to those of the host contract and a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative and the hybrid (combined) instrument is not measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Gains or losses arising from a change in the fair value of embedded derivative separated from host contract are recognized in profit or loss as part of net gains on financial instruments at FVTPL.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

4) Day one profit and loss

If the Bank uses a valuation technique that incorporates data not obtained from observable markets for the fair value at initial recognition of financial instruments, there may be a difference between the transaction price and the amount determined using that valuation technique. In these circumstances, the fair value of financial instruments is recognized as the transaction price and the difference is amortized by using straight- line method over the life of the financial instruments. If the fair value of the financial instruments is determined using observable market inputs, the remaining deferred amount is recognized in profit or loss.

(10) Tangible assets.

1) Recognition and measurement

All property and equipment that qualify for recognition as an asset are measured at their cost and subsequently carried at their cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of property and equipment includes any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they prolong the useful life or enhance values of the assets but the costs of the day-to-day servicing of the assets such as repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. When part of an item of an asset has a useful life different from that of the entire asset, it is recognized as a separate asset.

2) Depreciation

Land is not depreciated whereas other property and equipment are depreciated using the method that reflects the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Bank. The depreciable amount of an asset is determined after deducting its residual value.

The depreciation method is straight-line and estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows.

 

Property and equipment

   Estimated useful lives

Buildings and structures

   10–60 years

Vehicles

   4 years

Tools, furniture and fixtures

   4–20 years

The residual value, the useful life and the depreciation method applied to an asset are reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates or if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the changes are accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

(11) Intangible assets.

Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and subsequently carried at its cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method with no residual value over their estimated useful economic life since the asset are available for use.

 

Intangible assets

   Estimated useful lives  

Software

     5 years   

System development fees

     5 years   

The amortization period and the amortization method for intangible assets with a definite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year-end. The useful life of an intangible asset that is not being amortized is reviewed each period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life assessment for that asset. If there is any change, it is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

(12) Impairment of non-financial assets.

The Bank assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that a non-financial asset, except for deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and non-current assets (or group of assets to be sold) classified as held for sale, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Bank estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. However, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the Bank tests goodwill acquired in a business combination, an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life and an intangible asset not yet available for use for impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its recoverable amount.

The recoverable amount is estimated for the individual asset. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the Bank determines the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs (the asset’s cash-generating unit).

The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount and such impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

(13) Financial liabilities at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL include short-term financial liabilities and financial liabilities recognized as financial liabilities at FVTPL initially. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in profit or loss. Otherwise, the expense related issue is recognized in current profit or loss.

(14) Provisions

A provision is recognized if the Bank has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of the past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision, and where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount of a provision is the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Provisions on confirmed and unconfirmed acceptances and guarantees, unfunded commitments of credit card and unused credit line of consumer and corporate loans are recognized using valuation model that applies the credit conversion factor, default rates, and loss given default. Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provisions are reversed.

(15) Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer (the Bank) to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts are initially recognized at fair value and are amortized over the life of the contract. After initial recognition, financial guarantee contracts are measured at the higher of:

 

   

The amount determined in accordance with K-IFRS 1037 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’ and

 

   

The initial amount recognized, less, when appropriate, cumulative amortization recognized in accordance with K-IFRS 1018. ‘Revenue’

(16) Equity and Reserve

Equity and Reserve are any contract or agreement that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities

(17) Interest income and expenses

Interest income and expenses are recognized using the effective interest method. Effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or a financial liability (or groups of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or interest expenses over the relevant period.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts or payments through the expected life of the financial instrument or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Bank estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider future credit losses. The calculation includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. In those rare cases when it is not possible to estimate reliably the cash flows or the expected life of a financial instrument (or group of financial instruments), the Bank uses the contractual cash flows over the full contractual term of the financial instrument (or group of financial instruments).

Interest on impaired financial assets is recognized using the rate of interest used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(18) Fee and commission income

The Bank recognizes financial service fee in accordance with the accounting standard of the financial instrument related to the fees earned.

 Fees that are an integral part of the effective interest of a financial instrument

Such fees are generally treated as adjustments of effective interest. Such fees may include compensation for activities such as evaluating the borrower’s financial condition, evaluating and recording guarantees, collateral and other security arrangements, negotiating the terms of the instrument, preparing and processing documents and closing the transaction and origination fees received on issuing financial liabilities measured at amortized cost.

However, fees relating to the creation or acquisition of a financial asset at FVTPL are recognized as revenue immediately

Fees earned as services are provided

Such fees are recognized as revenue as the services are provided.

ƒ Fees that are earned on the execution of a significant act

Such fees are recognized as revenue when the significant act has been completed.

(19) Dividend income

Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss when the right to receive payment is established. Dividend income from financial assets at FVTPL and financial investment is recognized in profit or loss as part of dividend income in the separate statements of comprehensive income.

(20) Employee compensation and benefits

1) Defined contribution plans

When employees render service related to defined contribution plans, contributions related to employees services are recognized in current profit or loss without contributions included in cost of assets. Contributions which are supposed to be paid are recognized in accrued expenses after deducting any amount already paid. Also, if contributions already paid exceed contributions which would be paid at the end of period, the amount of excess is recognized in prepaid expenses.

2) Defined benefit plans

All post-employment benefits, other than defined contribution plans, are classified as defined benefit plans. The amount recognized as a defined benefit liability is the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets at the end of the reporting period.

The present value of defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the Projected Unit Credit method. Actuarial gains and losses recognized are immediately recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and not reclassified to profit or loss in a subsequent period.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

3) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits that are due to be settled within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service.

Short-term employee benefits are recognized in current profit and loss when employees render the related service. Short-term employee benefits are not discounted.

(21) Income taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

1) Current tax.

Current income tax is the amount of income taxes payable (recoverable) in respect of the taxable profit (tax loss) for a period. The difference between the taxable profit and accounting profit may arise when income or expenses are included in accounting profit in one period, but is included in taxable profit in a different period, and if there is revenue that is exempt from taxation, expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss). Current income tax liabilities (assets) for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation authorities, using the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The Bank offsets current income tax assets and current income tax liabilities if, and only if, the Bank has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

2) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized, using the asset-liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax base amount of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, except for deferred tax liabilities which the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Bank and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The Bank reduces the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Bank expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

The Bank offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities when the Bank has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity; or different taxable entity which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

4. RISK MANAGEMENT:

4-1. Summary

(1) Overview of Risk Management Policy

The financial risks that the Bank is exposed to are credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, interest risk, credit concentration risk, strategy/reputational risk, outsourcing risk, settlement risk and others. Credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk have been recognized as the Bank’s key risks.

The Bank’s risk management system focuses on increasing transparency, developing risk management environment, and preemptive response to risk due to rapid changes in financial environment to support the Bank’s long-term strategy and business decision efficiently.

The Note regarding financial risk management provides information about the risks that the Bank is exposed to, the objective, policies and process for managing the risk, the methods used to measure the risk, and capital adequacy. Additional quantitative information is disclosed throughout the separate financial statements.

(2) Risk Management Group

1) Risk Management Committee

The Risk Management Committee establishes risk management strategies in accordance with the directives of the Board of Directors and determines the Bank’s target risk appetite, approves significant risk matters and reviews the level of risks that the Bank is exposed to and the appropriateness of the Bank’s risk management operations as an ultimate decision-making authority.

2) Risk Management Council

The Risk Management Council is a consultative group which reviews and makes decisions on matters delegated by the Risk Management Committees and discusses the detailed issues relating to the Bank’s risk management.

3) Risk Management Practices Committee

The Risk Management Practices Committee assists the Risk Management Committee and the Risk Management Council. It performs practical work process relating to risk management plan, risk management strategy, risk measurement, risk analysis, economic capital limit and others.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

4-2. Credit risk

(1) Overview of Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of possible losses in an asset portfolio in the events of counterparty’s default, breach of contract and deterioration in the credit quality of the counterparty. For the risk management reporting purposes, the individual borrower’s default risk, country risk, specific risks and other credit risk exposure components are considered as a whole.

(2) Credit Risk Management

The Bank controls the credit concentration risk exposure by applying and managing total exposure limits to prevent the excessive risk concentration to specific industry and specific borrowers. The Bank maintains allowances for loan losses associated with credit risk on loans and receivables to manage its credit risk.

The Bank recognizes impairment loss on loans with carrying amount at amortized cost when there is any objective indication of impairment. Under K-IFRS, impairment loss is based on losses incurred at the end of the reporting period and the Bank should not recognize expected losses that are probable due to future events. The Bank measures inherent incurred losses on financial assets classified as loans and receivables and presents it in the separate financial statements through the use of an allowances account which is charged against the related financial assets.

(3) Maximum exposure to credit risk

The Bank’s maximum exposure of financial instruments to credit risk as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Cash and due from financial institutions

   1,720,047       2,214,755   

Financial assets at FVTPL

     191,488         154,847   

Hedging derivative assets

     432,965         378,324   

Loans (*1)

     53,832,431         53,400,754   

Financial investments (*2)

     271,903         202,457   

Other financial assets

     935,686         847,638   

Acceptances and guarantee contracts

     55,393,253         53,696,431   

Commitments (*3)

     39,005,382         26,689,629   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   151,783,155       137,584,835   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loan valuation adjustment in a fair value hedging is excluded.
(*2) Financial investments exclude AFS securities valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging which is included in AFS securities in foreign currency in Note 9
(*3) Commitments exclude commitments on purchase of beneficiary certificates which are included in other commitments in Note 36.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(4) Credit risk of loans

The Bank maintains allowances for loan losses associated with credit risk on loans to manage its credit risk.

The Bank recognizes impairment loss on loans with carrying amount at amortized cost when there is any objective indication of impairment. Under K-IFRS, impairment loss is based on losses incurred at the end of the reporting period and the Bank should not recognize expected losses that are probable due to future events. The Bank measures inherent incurred losses on financial assets classified as loans and presents them in the separate financial statements through the use of an allowances account which is charged against the related financial assets.

The Bank writes off on non-profitable loans, non-recoverable loans, loans classified estimated loss by asset quality category, loans requested written off by Financial Supervisory Service (“FSS”) and others under approval of Loan Management Committee.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Loans are categorized as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total     Ratio (%)  

Loans:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

   242,451      50,961,918      51,204,369        94.33   

Past due

     —          21,827        21,827        0.04   

Impairment

     2,915,432        137,923        3,053,355        5.63   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     3,157,883        51,121,668        54,279,551        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred origination fees and costs:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (8     (444,110     (444,118     99.33   

Past due

     —          (1     (1     0.00   

Impairment

     (3,216     215        (3,001     0.67   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     (3,224     (443,896     (447,120     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amounts before deducting allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     242,443        50,517,808        50,760,251        94.29   

Past due

     —          21,826        21,826        0.04   

Impairment

     2,912,216        138,138        3,050,354        5.67   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     3,154,659        50,677,772        53,832,431        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     25,775        191,255        217,030        15.30   

Percentage (%)

     10.63        0.38        0.42     

Past due

     —          (389     (389     0.03   

Percentage (%)

     —          1.78        1.78     

Impairment

     1,097,394        (103,430     (1,200,824     84.67   

Percentage (%)

     37.68        74.87        39.37     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,123,169        (295,074     (1,418,243     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Percentage (%)

     35.60        0.58        2.63     

Carrying amounts:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     216,668        50,326,553        50,543,221        96.43   

Past due

     —          21,437        21,437        0.04   

Impairment

     1,814,822        34,708        1,849,530        3.53   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   2,031,490      50,382,698      52,414,188        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total     Ratio (%)  

Loans:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

   238,849      49,760,718      49,999,567        92.92   

Past due

     —          178,125        178,125        0.33   

Impairment

     3,494,025        137,653        3,631,678        6.75   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     3,732,874        50,076,496        53,809,370        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred origination fees and costs:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (9     (405,581     (405,590     99.26   

Past due

     —          (2,505     (2,505     0.61   

Impairment

     (736     215        (521     0.13   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     (745     (407,871     (408,616     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amounts before deducting allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     238,840        49,355,137        49,593,977        92.87   

Past due

     —          175,620        175,620        0.33   

Impairment

     3,493,289        137,868        3,631,157        6.80   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     3,732,129        49,668,625        53,400,754        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (26,274     (177,151     (203,425     8.54   

Percentage (%)

     11.00        0.36        0.41     

Past due

     —          (6,858     (6,858     0.29   

Percentage (%)

     —          3.91        3.91     

Impairment

     (2,073,009     (99,008     (2,172,017     91.17   

Percentage (%)

     59.34        71.81        59.82     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     (2,099,283     (283,017     (2,382,300     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Percentage (%)

     56.25        0.57        4.46     

Carrying amounts:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     212,566        49,177,986        49,390,552        96.81   

Past due

     —          168,762        168,762        0.33   

Impairment

     1,420,280        38,860        1,459,140        2.86   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   1,632,846      49,385,608      51,018,454        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The above carrying amounts exclude loan valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging amounting to ₩115,006 million and ₩151,420 million, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

1) Credit quality of loans that are neither past due nor impaired

Credit quality of loans that are neither past due nor impaired as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Best

  1,739,046      4,100,230      698,712      6,537,988        12.77      (17,505   (3,235   6,517,248   

Outstanding

    5,953,163        25,509,114        2,802,767        34,265,044        66.92        (398,059     (88,271     33,778,714   

Good

    4,133,219        5,156,710        987,042        10,276,971        20.07        (28,546     (112,256     10,136,169   

Below normal

    95,516        28,850        —          124,366        0.24        (8     (13,268     111,090   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  11,920,944      34,794,904      4,488,521      51,204,369        100.00      (444,118   (217,030   50,543,221   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Best

  1,910,299      4,608,138      626,135      7,144,572        14.29      (19,487   (3,484   7,121,601   

Outstanding

    4,973,463        24,306,098        3,822,284        33,101,845        66.20        (353,715     (85,553     32,662,577   

Good

    3,155,001        5,251,526        1,230,953        9,637,480        19.28        (32,379     (100,595     9,504,506   

Below normal

    109,039        6,631        —          115,670        0.23        (9     (13,793     101,868   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  10,147,802      34,172,393      5,679,372      49,999,567        100.00      (405,590   (203,425   49,390,552   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

2) Aging analysis of loans that are past due but not impaired

Aging analysis of loans that are past due but not impaired as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Within one months

  2,791      1,522      —        4,313        19.76      (1   (124   4,188   

Within two months

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Within three months

    —          8,571        —          8,571        39.27        —          (18     8,553   

Over three months

    —          —          8,943        8,943        40.97        —          (247     8,696   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  2,791      10,093      8,943      21,827        100.00      (1   (389   21,437   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-46


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
  Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Within one months

  1,192      —        —        1,192        0.67      —        (43   1,149   

Within two months

    —          159,632        —          159,632        89.62        (2,505     (6,338     150,789   

Within three months

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Over three months

    —          —          17,301        17,301        9.71        —          (477     16,824   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  1,192      159,632      17,301      178,125        100.00      (2,505   (6,858   168,762   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

3) Loans assessed for impairment on individual basis

Loans assessed for impairment on individual basis by country and industry of the Bank’s counterparties are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    Loans     Impairment     Impairment ratio (%)  
  Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total  

Manufacturing

  2,492,087      12,260      2,504,347      (959,938   (12,260   (972,198     38.52        100.00        38.82   

Transportation

    —          147,951        147,951        —          (44,054     (44,054     —          29.78        29.78   

Construction

    259,918        —          259,918        (81,142     —          (81,142     31.22        —          31.22   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  2,752,005      160,211      2,912,216      (1,041,080   (56,314   (1,097,394     37.83        35.15        37.68   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Impairment     Impairment ratio (%)  
    Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total  

Manufacturing

  3,268,557      23,016      3,291,573      (1,971,741   (23,016   (1,994,757     60.32        100.00        60.60   

Construction

    201,716        —          201,716        (78,252     —          (78,252     38.79        —          38.79   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  3,470,273      23,016      3,493,289      (2,049,993   (23,016   (2,073,009     59.07        100.00        59.34   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(5) Credit quality of securities (debt securities)

1) Securities (debt securities) exposed to credit risk as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Securities that are neither past due nor impaired

   271,903       202,457   

 

S-47


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) Credit quality of securities (debt securities) that are neither past due nor impaired as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Credit quality (*1)  
     Grade 1      Grade 2      Grade 3      Grade 4      Grade 5      Total  

AFS financial assets

   —         235,517       —         —         —         235,517   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           36,386         —           —           —           36,386   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         271,903       —         —         —         271,903   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Credit quality (*1)  
     Grade 1      Grade 2      Grade 3      Grade 4      Grade 5      Total  

AFS financial assets

   —         158,810       —         —         —         158,810   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           43,647         —           —           —           43,647   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         202,457       —         —         —         202,457   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Credit quality is classified based on internal credit quality grade as below.

 

     Credit rating

Grade 1

   AAA – BBB

Grade 2

   BBB – BB

Grade 3

   BB – B

Grade 4

   B – C

Grade 5

   D

(6) Concentration of credit risk

The amounts disclosed below exclude loan valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging amounting to ₩115,006 million and ₩151,420 million, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

 

S-48


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

1) Loans by country where the credit risk belongs to as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    Loans in local
currency
    Loans in foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
    Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  

Asia:

             

Korea

  14,714,991      8,101,039      923,145      23,739,175        43.74      (5,254   (1,226,272

China

    7,239        2,368,791        817,918        3,193,948        5.88        (1,044     (26,197

Saudi Arabia

    —          2,244,238        4,192        2,248,430        4.14        (69,418     (6,889

India

    —          1,288,261        28,020        1,316,281        2.43        (23,781     (2,377

Iran

    —          100,738        8,943        109,681        0.20        (4,153     (831

Indonesia

    —          2,570,993        7,933        2,578,926        4.75        (92,605     (5,843

Vietnam

      1,783,816        72,099        1,855,915        3.42        (24,809     (5,300

Others

    —          4,258,600        1,903,848        6,162,448        11.35        (64,542     (24,211
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    14,722,230        22,716,476        3,766,098        41,204,804        75.91        (285,606     (1,297,920
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Europe:

             

Russia

    —          893,511        173,022        1,066,533        1.96        —          (30,444

England

    —          326,977        99,277        426,254        0.79        (1,305     (291

Belgium

    —          64,744        8,842        73,586        0.14        (219     (28

France

    —          340,910        8,142        349,052        0.64        (6,507     (630

Cyprus

    —          78,354        —          78,354        0.14        (4,179     —     

Netherlands

    —          176,241        6,769        183,010        0.34        (1,524     (379

Malta

    —          178,727        —          178,727        0.33        (2,684     (12

Others

    2,224        2,415,567        354,250        2,772,041        5.11        (53,557     (21,810
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    2,224        4,475,031        650,302        5,127,557        9.45        (69,975     (53,594
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

America:

             

Panama

    —          1,625,329        824        1,626,153        3.00        (6,806     (1,899

United States

    —          971,405        84,959        1,056,364        1.95        (18,317     (6,263

The British

Virgin Islands

    —          610,237        —          610,237        1.12        (4,271     (702

Mexico

    —          477,645        —          477,645        0.88        (8,318     (5,247

Bermuda

    —          106,512        —          106,512        0.20        (5,701     —     

Others

    —          885,073        255        885,328        1.63        (3,015     (3,597
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          4,676,201        86,038        4,762,239        8.77        (46,428     (17,708
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Africa:

             

Marshall Islands

    —          2,032,475        —          2,032,475        3.74        (23,455     (1,791

Liberia

    —          365,800        —          365,800        0.67        (4,383     (44,181

Madagascar

    —          414,012        —          414,012        0.76        (2,820     (1,557

Others

    —          369,377        3,287        372,664        0.69        (14,453     (1,492
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          3,181,664        3,287        3,184,951        5.87        (45,111     (49,021
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  14,724,454      35,049,372      4,505,725      54,279,551        100.00      (447,120   (1,418,243
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-49


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
    Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  

Asia:

             

Korea

  13,575,026      8,140,030      1,679,287      23,394,343        43.47      (6,240   (2,215,922

China

    7,239        2,479,513        391,807        2,878,559        5.35        (1,149     (37,439

Saudi Arabia

    —          2,186,611        28,338        2,214,949        4.12        (69,453     (7,216

India

    —          1,284,377        18,428        1,302,805        2.42        (22,150     (2,432

Iran

    —          114,612        17,302        131,914        0.25        (4,821     (1,139

Indonesia

    —          2,488,525        8,671        2,497,196        4.64        (61,247     (5,113

Vietnam

    —          1,429,477        84,872        1,514,349        2.81        (22,238     (5,385

Others

    —          3,899,487        3,041,113        6,940,600        12.90        (58,430     (24,563
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    13,582,265        22,022,632        5,269,818        40,874,715        75.96        (245,728     (2,299,209
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Europe:

             

Russia

    —          922,692        193,712        1,116,404        2.07        (1     (29,346

England

    —          389,849        2,023        391,872        0.73        (1,920     (426

Belgium

    —          76,711        7,391        84,102        0.16        (256     (28

France

    —          383,032        13,613        396,645        0.74        (7,102     (693

Cyprus

    —          92,920        —          92,920        0.17        (1,625     —     

Netherlands

    —          211,258        —          211,258        0.39        (1,623     (410

Malta

    —          195,230        —          195,230        0.36        (2,931     (47

Others

    2,223        2,166,627        157,287        2,326,137        4.32        (57,935     (19,586
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    2,223        4,438,319        374,026        4,814,568        8.94        (73,393     (50,536
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

America:

             

Panama

    —          1,735,488        —          1,735,488        3.23        (6,009     (2,362

United States

    —          1,385,976        87,326        1,473,302        2.74        (19,850     (9,402

The British

Virgin Islands

    —          560,604        —          560,604        1.04        (4,384     (705

Mexico

    —          487,905        —          487,905        0.91        (8,658     (4,990

Bermuda

    —          115,731        —          115,731        0.22        (5,726     —     

Others

    —          962,466        —          962,466        1.79        (3,156     (3,819
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          5,248,170        87,326        5,335,496        9.93        (47,783     (21,278
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Africa:

             

Marshall Islands

    —          1,659,543        —          1,659,543        3.08        (19,424     (1,741

Liberia

    —          417,565        277        417,842        0.78        (4,755     (6,823

Madagascar

    —          452,240        —          452,240        0.84        (2,960     (1,702

Others

    —          252,189        2,777        254,966        0.47        (14,573     (1,011
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          2,781,537        3,054        2,784,591        5.17        (41,712     (11,277
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  13,584,488      34,490,658      5,734,224      53,809,370        100.00      (408,616   (2,382,300
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-50


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) Loans by industry as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    Loans     Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
     

Manufacturing

  10,153,681      17,808,783      309,568      28,272,032        52.08      (181,194   (1,179,629

Transportation

    173,150        5,841,448        —          6,014,598        11.08        (71,520     (66,529

Financial institutions

    165,000        2,806,716        4,091,956        7,063,672        13.01        (7,910     (29,578

Wholesale and retail

    926,587        1,283,791        100,219        2,310,597        4.26        (1,459     (12,861

Real estate

    —          117,163        —          117,163        0.22        (125     (357

Construction

    2,941,771        1,812,734        3,109        4,757,614        8.77        (5,151     (97,782

Public sector and others

    364,265        5,378,737        873        5,743,875        10.58        (179,761     (31,507
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  14,724,454      35,049,372      4,505,725      54,279,551        100.00      (447,120   (1,418,243
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
     

Manufacturing

  9,886,878      17,610,649      314,040      27,811,567        51.69      (181,551   (2,189,124

Transportation

    188,150        5,497,257        —          5,685,407        10.56        (70,332     (26,915

Financial institutions

    165,000        3,177,503        5,254,700        8,597,203        15.98        (6,510     (28,251

Wholesale and retail

    877,781        1,415,308        99,488        2,392,577        4.44        (1,675     (13,134

Real estate

    —          121,887        —          121,887        0.23        (150     (267

Construction

    2,102,888        1,749,992        32,997        3,885,877        7.22        (5,424     (89,544

Public sector and others

    363,791        4,918,062        32,999        5,314,852        9.88        (142,974     (35,065
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  13,584,488      34,490,658      5,734,224      53,809,370        100.00      (408,616   (2,382,300
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

3) Concentration of credit risk of securities (debt securities) by industry as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  
     Amount      Ratio (%)      Amount      Ratio (%)  

AFS financial assets

           

Government and government sponsored institutions

   50,631         21.50       70,387         44.32   

Banking and insurance

     137,748         58.49         77,901         49.05   

Others

     47,138         20.01         10,522         6.63   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     235,517         100.00         158,810         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity financial assets

           

Government and government sponsored institutions

     10,294         28.29         16,140         36.98   

Banking and insurance

     26,091         71.71         27,507         63.02   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     36,386         100.00         43,647         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   271,903          202,457      
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

4) Concentration of credit risk of securities (debt securities) by country as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  
     Amount      Ratio (%)      Amount      Ratio (%)  

AFS financial assets

           

Korea

   135,850         57.68       119,693         75.37   

Others

     99,667         42.32         39,117         24.63   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     235,517         100.00         158,810         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity financial assets

           

Korea

     —           —           5,299         12.14   

Others

     36,385         100.00         38,348         87.86   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     36,385         100.00         43,647         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   271,902          202,457      
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

S-52


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

5) Credit enhancement and its financial effect as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Loans (*1)      Acceptances
and
guarantees
     Unused loan
commitments
     Total      Ratio
(%)
 

Maximum exposure to credit risk

   53,832,431       55,393,253       39,005,382       148,231,066         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit enhancement:

              

Deposits and savings

     72,621         30,211         —           102,832         0.07   

Export guarantee insurance

     187,313         1,849,790         —           2,037,103         1.37   

Guarantee

     855,391         760,717         348,333         1,964,441         1.33   

Securities

     118,735         20,105         —           138,840         0.09   

Real estate

     1,026,907         147,252         48,114         1,222,273         0.82   

Ships

     4,391,065         169,364         —           4,560,429         3.08   

Others

     919,346         1,833,303         2,496         2,755,145         1.86   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     7,571,378         4,810,742         398,943         12,781,063         8.62   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exposure to credit risk after deducting credit enhancement

   46,261,053       50,582,511       38,606,439       135,450,003         91.38   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loans represent the amount after loan origination fees and costs.

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Loans (*1)      Acceptances
and
guarantees
     Unused loan
commitments
     Total      Ratio
(%)
 

Maximum exposure to credit risk

   53,400,754       53,696,431       26,689,629       133,786,814         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit enhancement:

              

Deposits and savings

     89,353         31,091         670         121,114         0.09   

Export guarantee insurance

     324,241         1,680,783         —           2,005,024         1.50   

Guarantee

     548,784         634,791         37,389         1,220,964         0.91   

Securities

     127,885         20,105         4,432         152,422         0.11   

Real estate

     1,091,594         152,358         48,114         1,292,066         0.97   

Ships

     3,899,607         —           —           3,899,607         2.91   

Others

     676,343         1,702,389         54,734         2,433,466         1.83   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     6,757,807         4,221,517         145,339         11,124,663         8.32   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exposure to credit risk after deducting credit enhancement

     46,642,947         49,474,914         26,544,290         122,662,151         91.68   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loans represent the amount after loan origination fees and costs.

 

S-53


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

4-3. Liquidity risk

(1) Overview of liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk which is the possibility of loss due to discordance between the inflow and outflow of funds. The bank discloses all financial asset, financial liabilities, off-balance sheet items such as loan commitments and analysis of the contractual maturity, which are related to liquidity risk, into seven categories. The cash flows disclosed in the maturity analysis are undiscounted contractual amounts, including principal and future interest payments, which resulted in disagreement with the discounted cash flows included in the separate statements of financial position. However, for derivatives, each discounted cash flow consisting of current fair value is presented.

(2) Principles of the liquidity risk management

 Liquidity risk is managed with integration. The Bank measures, reports and controls liquidity risk by quantification with reasonable method.

Liquidity risk reflects financing plans and fund using plans and the Bank reports the liquidity risk with preciseness, timeliness and consistency.

ƒ The Bank establishes liquidity risk managing strategy by analyzing liquidity maturity, liquidity gap structure and market environment.

(3) Liquidity risk management

Risk management department monitors changes by liquidity risk sources and compliance of risk limits. It notifies related departments to prepare countermeasures in case the measured liquidity risk is close to risk limits. Also, it analyzes crisis situations and effects of the crisis situations and reports to the Risk Management Committee on a regular basis. Each related department monitors changes of liquidity risk sources and compliance of risk limits by itself and if exposure to new risk is expected, it discusses the matter with the head of risk management department.

(4) Measurement of liquidity risk

The Bank measures liquidity ratio, liquidity gap ratio and others for local currency and foreign currency and simulates analysis reflecting market environment, product features and the Bank’s strategies.

 

S-54


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(5) Analysis on remaining contractual maturity of financial assets and liabilities

Remaining contractual maturity and amount of financial assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    On demand     Within
1 months
    1 to
3 months
    3 to
6 Months
    6 to
12 months
    1 year to
5 years
    Over
5 years
    Total  

Financial assets:

               

Cash and due from financial institutions

  1,119,143      50,728      435,641      80,932      35,723      —        —        1,722,167   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    782,322        —          —          —          —          —          —          782,322   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          265        91        10,886        25,348        257,595        138,780        432,965   

Loans

    12,236        6,412,825        5,703,111        6,960,211        9,057,374        18,470,679        11,899,097        58,515,533   

AFS financial assets

    3,671,823        33,637        20,912        8,932        28,905        158,711        16,770        3,939,690   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

    —          —          501        361        21,150        15,577        —          37,589   

Other financial assets

    —          807,577        —          —          —          201,005        —          1,008,582   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  5,585,524      7,305,032      6,160,256      7,061,322      9,168,500      19,103,567      12,054,647      66,438,848   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

               

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

  60,436      —        —        —        —        —        —        60,436   

Hedging derivative liabilities

    —          2,324        1,973        22,423        52,470        763,715        208,388        1,051,293   

Borrowings

    —          548,903        1,923,044        1,063,210        685,953        1,918,852        73,890        6,213,852   

Debentures

    —          1,350,137        1,156,587        3,453,844        8,733,240        21,928,217        11,938,789        48,560,814   

Other financial liabilities

    —          742,107        413,730        —          —          —          107        1,155,944   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  60,436      2,643,471      3,495,334      4,539,477      9,471,663      24,610,784      12,221,174      57,042,339   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off-balance sheet items:

               

Commitments

  39,005,382      —        —        —        —        —        —        39,005,382   

Financial guarantee contracts

    —          4,725        50,720        37,345        71,411        469,629        6,197,345        6,831,175   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  39,005,382      4,725      50,720      37,345      71,411      469,629      6,197,345      45,836,557   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-55


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    On demand     Within
1 months
    1 to
3 months
    3 to
6 months
    6 to
12 months
    1 year to
5 years
    Over
5 years
    Total  

Financial assets:

               

Cash and due from financial institutions

  1,693,695      215,731      276,341      —        30,638      —        —        2,216,406   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    855,248        —          —          —          —          —          —          855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          5,151        2,246        9,634        7,089        310,529        43,675        378,324   

Loans

    —          6,803,797        5,620,018        9,239,506        7,080,021        17,289,037        12,246,168        58,278,547   

AFS financial assets

    4,014,264        678        1,163        42,357        63,787        62,000        20,385        4,204,634   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

    —          5,488        521        376        897        38,208        —          45,490   

Other financial assets

    —          803,226        —          —          —          44,213        199        847,638   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  6,563,207      7,834,071      5,900,289      9,291,873      7,182,432      17,743,987      12,310,427      66,826,286   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

               

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

  212,888      —        —        —        —        —        —        212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

    —          —          62,406        253,527        70,106        1,084,141        329,533        1,799,713   

Borrowings

    —          1,441,801        281,050        1,297,452        921,863        1,614,582        —          5,556,748   

Debentures

    —          2,983,389        4,114,891        2,782,075        3,715,001        23,653,549        10,491,755        47,740,660   

Other financial liabilities

    —          940,450        —          —          —          —          107        940,557   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  212,888      5,365,640      4,458,347      4,333,054      4,706,970      26,352,272      10,821,395      56,250,566   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off-balance sheet items:

               

Commitments

  26,689,629      —        —        —        —        —        —        26,689,629   

Financial guarantee contracts

    —          6,210        21,106        94,884        92,001        273,513        5,629,461        6,117,175   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  26,689,629      6,210      21,106      94,884      92,001      273,513      5,629,461      32,806,804   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

4-4. Market risk

(1) Overview of market risk

1) Definition of market risk

Market risk is the risk of possible losses that arise from the changes of market factors, such as interest rate, stock price, foreign exchange rate, commodity value and other market factors related to the fair value or future cash flows of the financial instruments. The Bank classifies exposures to market risk into either foreign exchange rate risk or interest rate risk. Foreign exchange risk means that possible losses on assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency due to changes of foreign exchange rate. Interest rate risk means that possible losses on assets and liabilities due to changes of interest rate.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) Market risk management group

The Bank operates the Risk Management Committee and the Risk Management Council for managing risks and risk limits. The Risk Management Practices Committee assists the Risk Management Committee and the Risk Management Council for practical matters such as managing adequate assets and liabilities by analyzing foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, money balance plan and effects by initiating new product. Market risk is managed by product and currency for minimizing segments exposed to changes of foreign exchange, interest rate and securities’ price. Foreign exchange risk is measured by definite method and probabilistic method and definite method is used for limits management. Interest rate value at risk (VaR) and interest rate earning at risk (“EaR”) are measured by BIS standards, definite method and probabilistic method and definite method is used for limits management. Meanwhile, the Bank performs financial crisis analysis supposing exceptional but possible events for evaluating latent weakness. The analysis is used for important decision making such as risk mitigation, emergency plan development and limit setup. The results of the analysis are reported to the Board of Directors and management on a quarterly basis.

(2) Foreign exchange risk

1) Management of foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk management limit is set up and included in internal capital management limit. A risk management division head monitors changes of foreign exchange risk by source and compliance of risk limits regularly. A finance division head also monitors changes of foreign exchange risk by source and compliance of risk limits. The finance division head needs to cooperate with the risk management division head in case it is expected that the Bank will be exposed to a new risk. The risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures in case it is apprehended that foreign exchange risk exceeds risk limit. If foreign exchange risk exceeds the risk limit, the risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures and reports to Risk Management Committee after resolving the exceeded limit problem.

2) Measurement of foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is managed by foreign exchange VaR and foreign exchange position. Foreign exchange VaR is measured on a monthly basis and foreign exchange position is measured on a daily basis. It is measured separately by currency for assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency exceeding 5% of total assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency.

3) Measurement method

 VaR (Value at Risk)

The Bank uses a yearly VaR to measure market risk. The yearly VaR is a statistically estimated maximum amount of loss that could occur in one year under normal distribution of financial variables. The Bank calculates VaR using equal-weighted-average method based on historical changes in market rates, prices and volatilities over the previous 5 years data and measures VaR at a 99% single tail confidence level. VaR is a commonly used market risk management technique. However, the method has some shortcomings.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

VaR estimates possible losses over a certain period at a particular confidence level using past market movement data. Past market movement, however, is not necessarily a good indicator of future events, as there may be conditions and circumstances in the future that the model does not anticipate. As a result, the timing and magnitude of the actual losses can be different depending on the assumptions made at the time of calculation. In addition, the time periods used for the model, generally one day or 10 days, are assumed to be a sufficient holding period before liquidating the relevant underlying positions. If these holding periods are not sufficient, or too long, the VaR results may understate or overstate the potential loss.

Stress testing

The stress testing is carried out to analyze the abnormal market situation reflecting intrinsic volatility of foreign exchange that has significant influent on the value of portfolio. The Bank mainly uses historical scenario tool and also uses hypothetical scenario tool for the analysis of an abnormal market situation. Stress testing is performed at least once in every quarter.

ƒ Results of measurement

Results of foreign exchange VaR as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  
    Average     Minimum     Maximum     Ending     Average     Minimum     Maximum     Ending  

Foreign exchange risk

  92,560      52,367      123,775      122,907      226,924      15,832      548,360      186,107   

(3) Interest rate risk

1) Management of interest rate risk

Interest rate risk management limit is set up and included in internal capital management limit. A risk management division head monitors changes of interest rate risk by source and compliance of risk limits regularly. A finance division head also monitors changes of interest rate risk by source and compliance of risk limits. The finance division head needs to cooperate with the risk management division head in case it is expected that the Bank will be exposed to a new risk. The risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures in case it is apprehended that interest rate risk exceeds risk limit. If interest rate risk exceeds the risk limit, the risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures and reports to Risk Management Committee after resolving the exceeded limit problem.

2) Measurement of interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is managed by measuring interest rate EaR and interest rate VaR and uses interest rate sensitivity gap and duration gap as supplementary index. Interest rate EaR and interest rate VaR are measured on a monthly basis, and interest rate sensitivity gap and duration gap are measured on a daily basis. The Bank simulates analysis reflecting market environment, product features and the Bank’s strategies.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

3) Measurement method

 VaR (Value at Risk)

The Bank uses a yearly VaR to measure market risk. The yearly VaR is a statistically estimated maximum amount of loss that could occur in one year under normal distribution of financial variables. The Bank calculates VaR using equal-weighted-average method based on historical changes in market rates, prices and volatilities over the previous 5 years data and measures VaR at a 99% single tail confidence level. VaR is a commonly used market risk management technique. However, the method has some shortcomings.

VaR estimates possible losses over a certain period at a particular confidence level using past market movement data. Past market movement, however, is not necessarily a good indicator of future events, as there may be conditions and circumstances in the future that the model does not anticipate. As a result, the timing and magnitude of the actual losses can be different depending on the assumptions made at the time of calculation. In addition, the time periods used for the model, generally one day or 10 days, are assumed to be a sufficient holding period before liquidating the relevant underlying positions. If these holding periods are not sufficient, or too long, the VaR results may understate or overstate the potential loss.

Stress testing

The stress testing is carried out to analyze the abnormal market situation reflecting intrinsic volatility of interest rate that has significant influence on the value of portfolio. The Bank mainly uses historical scenario tool and also uses hypothetical scenario tool for the analysis of an abnormal market situation. Stress testing is performed at least once in every quarter.

ƒ Results of measurement

Results of interest rate VaR as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  
    Average     Minimum     Maximum     Ending     Average     Minimum     Maximum     Ending  

Interest rate risk

  64,959      10,758      159,309      24,663      67,174      3,551      117,626      117,626   

4-5. Capital risk

The Bank follows the standard of capital adequacy established by the Financial Services Commission. The standard is based on Basel III, which was established by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in Bank for International Settlements (“BIS”). In Korea, this standard has been followed since December 2013. According to the standard, domestic banks should maintain at least 8% or above of BIS capital ratio for risk-weighted asset, and quarterly report BIS capital ratio to the Financial Supervisory Service.

According to Korean Banking Supervision rules for operations, the Bank’s capitals are mainly divided into two categories:

1) Tier 1 capital (basic capital): Basic capital is composed of capital stock-common and other basic capital. Capital stock-common includes common stock satisfied with qualifications, capital surplus, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income, other reserves and non-controlling interests among the common stock of consolidated subsidiaries. Other basic capital includes securities and capital surplus satisfied with qualifications.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) Tier 2 capital (supplementary capital): Supplementary capital is composed of the securities and capital surplus satisfied with qualifications, non-controlling interests among the securities of consolidated subsidiaries and the amounts of less than below 1.25% of credit risk-weighted asset like allowance for credit losses in respect of credits classified as normal or precautionary.

The risk-weighted asset includes intrinsic risks in total assets, errors of internal operation processes and loss risk from external events. It indicates a size of assets reflecting the level of risks that the Bank bears. The Bank computes the risk-weighted asset by risks (credit risk, market risk and operational risk) and uses it for calculation of BIS capital ratio.

5. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:

5-1. Classification and fair value

(1) Carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Classification    Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  
        Carrying
amount
     Fair value      Carrying
amount
     Fair value  

Financial assets:

              

Cash and due from financial institutions

   Non-recurring    1,720,047       1,720,047       2,214,755       2,214,745   

Financial assets at FVTPL

   Recurring      782,322         782,322         855,248         855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

   Recurring      432,965         432,965         378,324         378,324   

Loans

   Non-recurring      52,529,194         52,893,364         51,169,874         51,959,935   

AFS financial assets

   Recurring      3,907,234         3,907,234         4,030,332         4,030,332   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

   Non-recurring      36,385         36,516         43,647         44,942   

Other financial assets

   Non-recurring      880,065         880,065         833,334         833,334   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      60,288,212       60,652,513       59,525,514       60,316,860   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

              

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   Recurring    60,436       60,436       212,888       212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

   Recurring      1,051,293         1,051,293         1,799,713         1,799,713   

Borrowings

   Non-recurring      6,138,549         6,163,675         5,488,545         5,492,439   

Debentures

   Non-recurring      43,521,007         44,883,972         42,709,823         42,573,323   

Other financial liabilities

   Non-recurring      1,155,944         1,155,944         940,557         940,557   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      51,927,229       53,315,320       51,151,526       51,018,920   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For each class of financial assets and financial liabilities, the Bank discloses the fair value of that class of assets and liabilities in a way that permits them to be compared with their carrying amount at the end of each reporting period. The best evidence of fair value of financial instruments is quoted price in an active market.

Methods for measuring fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

 

Financial instruments

  

Method of measuring fair value

Loans and receivables

  

As demand deposits and transferable deposits do not have maturity and are readily convertible to cash. Carrying amounts of these deposits are regarded as the nearest amounts of fair values. Fair values of other deposits are determined by discounted cash flow model (“DCF model”).

 

DCF model is used to determine the fair value of loans. Fair value is determined by discounting the expected cash flows by contractual cash flows with prepayment rate taken into account by appropriate discount rate.

Investment securities

   Trading financial assets and liabilities and AFS financial assets are measured at fair value using a quoted market price in an active market. If a quoted market price is not available, they are measured by using a price quoted by a third party, such as a pricing service or broker or using valuation techniques.

Derivatives

  

For exchange traded derivative, quoted price in active market is used to determine fair value and for OTC derivative, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. The Bank uses internally developed valuation models that are widely used by market participants to determine fair value of plain OTC derivatives including option, interest rate swap and currency swap based on observable market parameters. However, some complex financial instruments are valued using the results of independent pricing services, where part or all of the inputs are not observable in the market.

 

The adjustment for credit risk is reflected in cash flow, and the bank’s credit risk are considered in the discount rate

Borrowings

  

Fair value is determined using DCF model discounting contractual future cash flows by appropriate discount rate.

 

The adjustment for credit risk is reflected In cash flow, and the bank’s credit risk are considered in the discount rate

Debentures

  

Fair value of debentures denominated in local currency is determined by using the valuation of independent third-party pricing services in accordance with the market prices that are quoted in active markets.

 

Fair value of debentures denominated in foreign currency is determined by DCF model.

 

The adjustment for credit risk is reflected In cash flow, and the bank’s credit risk are considered in the discount rate

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities classified as fair value Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are determined by using the valuation of independent third-party pricing services. Meanwhile, carrying amounts of other financial assets and financial liabilities are regarded as the nearest amounts of fair values.

(2) Fair value hierarchy

Fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, is as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Loans and receivables

   —         —         52,893,364       52,893,364   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           36,516         —           36,516   

Other financial assets

     —           —           880,065         880,065   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         36,516       53,773,429       53,809,945   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Borrowings

   —         6,163,675       —         6,163,675   

Debentures

     —           44,883,972         —           44,883,972   

Other financial liabilities

     —           —           1,155,944         1,155,944   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         51,047,647       1,155,944       52,203,591   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Loans and receivables

   —         —         51,959,935       51,959,935   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           44,942         —           44,942   

Other financial assets

     —           —           833,334         833,334   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         44,942       52,793,269       52,838,211   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Borrowings

   —         5,492,439       —         5,492,439   

Debentures

     —           42,573,323         —           42,573,323   

Other financial liabilities

     —           —           940,557         940,557   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         48,065,762       940,557       49,006,319   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, is as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Financial assets at FVTPL

   590,834       191,488       —         782,322   

Hedging derivative assets

     —           432,965         —           432,965   

AFS financial assets

     242,859         235,455         3,395,504         3,873,818   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   833,693       859,908       3,395,504       5,089,105   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   —         60,436       —         60,436   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           1,051,293         —           1,051,293   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         1,111,729       —         1,111,729   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Financial assets at FVTPL

   700,401       154,847       —         855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

     —           378,324         —           378,324   

AFS financial assets

     244,063         160,655         3,596,430         4,001,148   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   944,464       693,826       3,596,430       5,234,720   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   —         212,888       —         212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           1,799,713         —           1,799,713   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         2,012,601       —         2,012,601   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Bank classifies financial instruments as three level of fair value hierarchy as below;

Level 1: Financial instruments measured at quoted prices from active markets are classified as fair value Level 1. This level includes listed equity securities, derivatives, and government bonds traded in an active exchange market.

Level 2: Financial instruments measured using valuation techniques where all significant inputs are observable market data are classified as Level 2. This level includes the majority of debt and general over-the-counter derivatives such as swap, futures and options

Level 3: Financial instruments measured using valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are not based on observable market data are classified as Level 3. This level includes unlisted equity securities, structured bonds and over-the-counter derivatives.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

The best estimate of fair value of financial instruments is a quoted price from active markets when the financial instruments are traded in an active exchange market (Level 1). If a quoted price of a financial instrument is available readily and regularly through exchange markets, sellers, brokers, industry groups, pricing services, supervisory services and the quoted price is arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, the price of the financial instrument is regarded to be disclosed in an active market.

If there is not an active market, fair value of a financial instrument is determined by valuation techniques. The valuation techniques include using a recent transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, fair value of the similar kind financial instrument, DCF, option pricing model and others. If a valuation technique is used by general market participants and the valuation technique can provide reliable estimates of fair values, the valuation technique can be used. The chosen valuation technique makes maximum use of market inputs and relies as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. The valuation techniques include all the inputs considered by market participants for determining price. The Bank adjusts valuation techniques regularly and reviews the validity of the techniques based on observable current price of the same kind financial instruments observable market data. The Bank believes that used valuation techniques are appropriate and fair values in the statements of financial position are reasonable. However, the fair values in the statements of financial position can be changed when different valuation techniques or different assumptions are used. Also, it can be difficult to compare fair values of the Bank to those of other financial institution because various valuation techniques and several assumptions are used.

1) Changes in Level 3 financial assets that are measured at fair value for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in million):

(2014)

 

     Beginning
balance
     Profit or
loss
    Other
comprehensive
loss
    Purchases/
issues
     Sales/
settlements
     Transfers into
Level 3 /
Transfers out
of Level 3
     Ending
balance
 

Financial assets

                  

AFS financial assets

   3,596,430       (7,219   (198,509   108       —         4,694       3,395,504   

(2013)

 

     Beginning
balance
     Profit or
loss
    Other
comprehensive
income
     Purchases/
issues
     Sales/
settlements
    Transfers into
Level 3 /
Transfers out
of Level 3
    Ending
balance
 

Financial assets

                 

AFS financial assets

   3,626,441       (14,586   78,297       21,722       (22,695   (92,749   3,596,430   

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) In relation with changes in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, total gains or losses recognized in profit or loss for the period, and total gains or losses for financial instruments held at the end of the reporting period in the separate statement of comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Total gains (losses) for financial instruments held at the end of the reporting period

   (7,219   20,490   

Total losses included in profit or loss for the period

   (7,219   (14,586

3) The sensitivity of fair value analysis for the Level 3 financial instruments

The Bank performed the sensitivity analysis for the Level 3 financial instruments for which fair value would be measured differently upon reasonably possible alternative assumptions. The Bank classified the effect from changes upon the alternative assumptions into favorable effect and unfavorable effect and presented the most favorable effect or the most unfavorable effect in the table hereunder. Stocks are the financial instruments subject to sensitivity analysis, which are classified as Level 3 and for which changes in fair value are recognized as other comprehensive income. Meanwhile, equity instruments which are recognized as cost among the financial instruments and are classified as Level 3 are excluded from the sensitivity analysis.

Sensitivity analysis details per market risk variable of each Level 3 financial instrument held and measured at fair value as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Net income (loss)      Other comprehensive income (loss)  
     Favorable      Unfavorable          Favorable              Unfavorable      

Financial assets:

           

AFS Financial assets (*)

   —         —         4,552,397       (1,096,280

 

(*) Changes in fair value of stocks are computed along with the increases or decreases in either growth rate from nil to 1 percent and discount rate or liquidation value from negative 1 percent to 1 percent and discount rate, which are unobservable inputs.

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Net income (loss)      Other comprehensive income (loss)  
     Favorable      Unfavorable          Favorable              Unfavorable      

Financial assets:

           

AFS Financial assets (*)

   —         —         6,014,237       (1,338,632

 

(*) Changes in fair value of stocks are computed along with the increases or decreases in either growth rate from nil to 1 percent and discount rate or liquidation value from negative 1 percent to 1 percent and discount rate, which are unobservable inputs.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(3) The table below provides the Bank’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are carried at cost since the fair values of the financial instruments are not readily determinable in the separate statements of financial position as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

AFS financial assets

     

Unlisted securities (*)

   1,896       537   

Equity investments to unincorporated entities. (*)

     31,520         28,181   

Others (*)

     —           466   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   33,416       29,184   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) AFS financial assets are unlisted equity securities and equity investments and recorded as at cost since they do not have quoted prices in an active market and the fair values are not measured with reliability.

5-2. Carrying amounts of financial instruments

Carrying amounts of financial instruments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

    Financial assets at
FVTPL
    Loans     Available-
for-sale
financial
assets
    Held-to-
maturity
financial
assets
    Hedging
derivative
assets
    Total  

Financial assets:

           

Cash and due from financial institutions

  —        1,720,047      —        —        —        1,720,047   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    782,322        —          —          —          —          782,322   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          —          —          —          432,965        432,965   

Loans

    —          52,529,194        —          —          —          52,529,194   

Financial investments

    —          —          3,907,234        36,385        —          3,943,619   

Other financial assets

    —          880,065        —          —          —          880,065   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  782,322      55,129,306      3,907,234      36,385      432,965      60,288,212   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     Financial liabilities at
FVTPL
     Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
     Hedging
derivative
liabilities
     Total  

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   60,436       —         —         60,436   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           —           1,051,293         1,051,293   

Borrowings

     —           6,138,549         —           6,146,794   

Debentures

     —           43,521,007         —           43,521,007   

Other financial liabilities

     —           1,155,944         —           1,155,944   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   60,436       50,815,500       1,051,293       51,927,229   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Financial
assets at
FVTPL
    Loans     Available-
for-sale
financial
assets
    Held-to-
maturity
financial
assets
    Hedging
derivative
assets
    Total  

Financial assets:

           

Cash and due from financial institutions

  —        2,214,755      —        —        —        2,214,755   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    855,248        —          —          —          —          855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          —          —          —          378,324        378,324   

Loans

    —          51,169,874        —          —          —          51,169,874   

Financial investments

    —          —          4,030,332        43,647        —          4,073,979   

Other financial assets

    —          833,338        —          —          —          833,338   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  855,248      54,217,967      4,030,332      43,647      378,324      59,525,518   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     Financial liabilities at
FVTPL
     Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
     Hedging
derivative
liabilities
     Total  

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   212,888       —         —         212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           —           1,799,713         1,799,713   

Borrowings

     —           5,488,545         —           5,488,545   

Debentures

     —           42,709,823         —           42,709,823   

Other financial liabilities

     —           940,557         —           940,557   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   212,888       49,138,925       1,799,713       51,151,526   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

5-3. Offset on financial assets and financial liabilities

The Bank has conditional rights of setoff that are enforceable and exercisable only in the events mentioned in agreements regardless of meeting some or all of the offsetting criteria in K-IFRS 1032 for derivative assets, derivative liabilities, receivable spot exchanges and payable spot exchanges. Cash collaterals do not meet the offsetting criteria in K-IFRS 1032 but they can be set off with net amount of derivative assets and derivatives liabilities and net amount of receivables spot exchanges and payable spot exchanges.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

The effects of netting agreements as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follow (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Gross
amounts of
recognized
financial
assets
(liabilities)
     Gross
amounts of
recognized
financial
liabilities
(assets) to
be set off
     Net amounts
of financial
assets
(liabilities)
presented in
the separate
statement of
financial
position
    

 

 

Amount that is not offset in
the financial statements

       
            Financial
instruments
    Cash
collateral
    Net amount  

Financial assets:

               

Derivatives

     624,453         —           624,453         (292,456     (66,934     265,063   

Available-for-sale financial assets

     15,555         —           15,555         13,610        —          1,945   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     36,385         —           36,385         32,038        —          4,347   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     676,393         —           676,393         (246,808     (66,934     271,355   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

               

Derivatives

     1,111,728         —           1,111,728         (292,456     (620,555     198,717   

Repurchase agreement (RP)

     45,648         —           45,648         (45,648     —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   1,157,376       —         1,157,376       (338,104   (620,555   198,717   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

    Gross
amounts of
recognized
financial
assets
    Gross
amounts of
recognized
financial
liabilities to
be set off
    Net amounts
of financial
assets
presented in
the separate
statement of
financial
position
   

 

 

Amount that is not offset in
the financial statements

       
        Financial
instruments
    Cash
collateral
    Net amount  

Financial assets:

           

Derivatives

    533,171        —          533,171        (335,976     (16,522     180,673   

Available-for-sale financial assets

    16,173        —          16,173        (13,945     —          2,228   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

    38,348        —          38,348        (33,543     —          4,805   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    587,692        —          587,692        (383,464     (16,522     187,706   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Derivatives

    2,012,600        —          2,012,600        (335,976     (1,194,442     482,182   

Repurchase agreement (RP)

    47,489        —          47,489        (47,489     —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  2,060,089      —        2,060,089      (383,465   (1,194,442   482,182   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

6. OPERATING SEGMENT:

Though the Bank conducts business activities related to financial services, in accordance with relevant laws such as the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act, it does not report separate segment information, as management considers the Bank to be operating under one core business.

7. CASH AND DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

(1) Due from financial institutions as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Due from financial institutions in local currency

   230,325      357,188   

Due from financial institutions in foreign currencies

     1,489,722        1,857,567   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,720,047        2,214,755   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Restricted due from financial institutions

     (378     (407

Due from financial institutions with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition date

     (159,300     (782,321
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     (159,678     (782,728
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total (*)

   1,560,369      1,432,027   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) It is equal to the due from financial institutions as presented on the separate statements of cash flows.

(2) Details of due from financial institutions as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  Jun. 30, 2014   Dec. 31, 2013
  Amount    

Interest (%)

  Amount    

Interest (%)

Due from financial institutions in local currency:

       

Demand deposits

  1,025        788     

Time deposits

    185,000      2.63 – 3.12     310,000      2.68 – 3.23

Others

    44,300      2.70     46,400      2.70
 

 

 

     

 

 

   

Subtotal

    230,325          357,188     
 

 

 

     

 

 

   

Due from financial institutions in foreign currencies:

       

Demand deposits

    32,182          39,090     

Time deposits

    415,904      0.38 – 0.40     211,060      0.25 – 0.40

On demand

    39,055          36,940     

Offshore demand deposits

    746          808     

Others

    1,001,457      0.00 – 0.45     1,569,262      0.00 – 0.45

Margin for derivatives

    378          407     
 

 

 

     

 

 

   

Subtotal

    1,489,722          1,857,567     
 

 

 

     

 

 

   

Total

  1,720,047        2,214,755     
 

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(3) Restricted due from financial institutions as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  

Financial Institution

  Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013    

Reason for restriction

Others

   DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS   378      407      Credit support annex for derivative transactions
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

8. FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FVTPL:

Details of financial assets at FVTPL as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Equity securities

     

Beneficiary certificates

   590,834       700,401   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative assets

     

Interest product

     932         1,234   

Currency product

     190,556         153,613   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     191,488         154,847   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   782,322       855,248   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

9. FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS:

Details of financial investments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

AFS securities in local currency

     

Equity securities

     

Marketable securities

   242,859       244,063   

Non-marketable securities

     3,395,050         3,596,966   

Equity investments to unincorporated entities

     31,520         28,181   

Others

     2,350         2,386   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     3,671,779         3,871,596   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

AFS securities in foreign currency

     

Debt securities

     

Debt securities (*1)

     235,411         158,704   

Equity securities

     

Equity securities

     44         32   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     235,455         158,736   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities in foreign currency

     

Debt securities

     

Debt securities (*1)

     36,385         43,647   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   3,943,619       4,0732,979   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) It includes debt securities which are pledged as collateral amounting to ₩51,940 and ₩54,521 as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

 

S-70


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

10. LOANS:

Loans as presented below exclude loan valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging amounting to ₩115,006 million and ₩151,420 million, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

(1) Details of loans as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

   

Detail

   Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Loans in local currency

 

Loans for export

   10,713,138      8,983,664   
 

Loans for overseas investments

     920,545        884,197   
 

Loans for import

     1,181,900        1,372,994   
 

Others

     1,908,871        2,343,633   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

     14,724,454        13,584,488   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in foreign currencies

 

Loans for export

     17,085,323        16,516,899   
 

Loans for overseas investments

     15,478,061        15,606,122   
 

Loans for rediscounted trading notes

     213,024        643,733   
 

Loans for import

     980,881        634,593   
 

Overseas funding loans

     610,774        651,124   
 

Domestic usance bills

     255,237        194,976   
 

Others

     426,072        243,211   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

     35,049,372        34,490,658   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Others

 

Foreign-currency bills bought

     1,343,459        1,214,071   
 

Advance for customers

     8,259        37,549   
 

Call loans

     3,082,999        4,435,115   
 

Interbank loans in foreign currency

     71,008        47,489   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

     4,505,725        5,734,224   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Total loan

     54,279,551        53,809,370   
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (447,120     (408,616
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (1,418,243     (2,382,300
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Total

   52,414,188      51,018,454   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-71


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Loans classified by customer as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

   

Detail

   Loans in
local currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Customer

 

Large corporations

   7,290,841      17,921,420      118,772      25,331,033        53.55   
 

Small and medium companies

     7,268,613        5,754,634        294,994        13,318,241        28.15   
 

Public sector and others

     —          8,613,772        45,651        8,659,423        18.30   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     14,559,454        32,289,826        459,417        47,308,697        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (1,585     (440,348     —          (441,933  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (1,146,683     (235,563     (6,466     (1,388,712  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Subtotal

     13,411,186        31,613,915        452,951        45,478,052     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Financial institution

 

Banks

     165,000        1,497,595        3,640,325        5,302,920        76.07   
 

Others

     —          1,261,951        405,983        1,667,934        23.93   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     165,000        2,759,546        4,046,308        6,970,854        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     —          (5,187     —          (5,187  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (150     (27,055     (2,326     (29,531  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Subtotal

     164,850        2,727,304        4,043,982        6,936,136     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Total

   13,576,036      34,341,219      4,496,933      52,414,188     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

S-72


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

   

Detail

   Loans in
local currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Customer

 

Large corporations

   6,468,172      17,810,959      176,405      24,455,536        54.01   
 

Small and medium companies

     6,941,277        5,403,513        272,170        12,616,960        27.86   
 

Public sector and others

     10,040        8,168,860        30,949        8,209,849        18.13   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     13,419,489        31,383,332        479,524        45,282,345        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (2,217     (399,890     —          (402,107  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (2,098,562     (233,005     (22,551     (2,354,118  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Subtotal

     11,318,710        30,750,437        456,973        42,526,120     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Financial institution

 

Banks

     165,000        1,916,492        4,547,447        6,628,939        77.74   
 

Others

     —          1,190,834        707,252        1,898,086        22.26   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     165,000        3,107,326        5,254,699        8,527,025        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     —          (5,858     (651     (6,509  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (150     (25,180     (2,852     (28,182  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Subtotal

     164,850        3,076,288        5,251,196        8,492,334     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Total

   11,483,560      33,826,725      5,708,169      51,018,454     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

(3) Changes in net deferred origination fees and costs for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase     Decrease     Ending
balance
 

Deferred origination fees

   (408,858   (68,850   (30,351   (447,357

Deferred origination costs

     242        —          5        237   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (408,616   (68,850   (30,346   (447,120
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-73


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

 

(2013)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase     Decrease     Ending
balance
 

Deferred origination fees

   (358,677   (143,228   (93,047   (408,858

Deferred origination costs

     376        —          134        242   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (358,301   (143,228   (92,913   (408,616
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(4) Changes in allowance for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total  

Beginning balance

   2,099,283      283,017      2,382,300   

Written-off

     (35,924     (8,523     (44,447

Collection of written-off loans

     —          304        304   

Loan-for-equity swap

     (1,044,207     —          (1,044,207

Others

     —          (26     (26

Elimination of discounts effect

     (15,183     (1,592     (16,775

Foreign exchange translation

     (2,005     (4,745     (6,750

Provision for loan losses

     51,425        96,419        147,844   

Transfer

     69,780        (69,780     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   1,123,169      295,074      1,418,243   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2013)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total  

Beginning balance

   1,699,721      294,652      1,994,373   

Written-off

     (48,995     (44,317     (93,312

Collection of written-off loans

     —          2,406        2,406   

Loan-for-equity swap

     (100,768     (20,944     (121,712

Others

     —          23,609        23,609   

Elimination of discounts effect

     (16,284     (1,791     (18,075

Foreign exchange translation

     (2,784     (2,044     (4,828

Provision for loan losses

     547,852        51,987        599,839   

Transfer

     20,541        (20,541     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   2,099,283      283,017      2,382,300   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-74


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

11. INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES AND SUBSIDIARIES:

(1) Details of investments in associates and subsidiaries as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Company

  Detail   Location   Business   Settling
month
    Ownership
(%)
    Net asset
value
    Carrying
amount
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

  Subsidiary   United Kingdom   Finance     December        100.00      43,135      48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

  Subsidiary   Vietnam   Finance     December        100.00        9,993        10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

  Subsidiary   Indonesia   Finance     December        85.00        17,362        25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

  Subsidiary   Hong Kong   Finance     December        100.00        50,126        49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

  Associate   Korea   Finance     December        25.86        397,683        380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund (*1)

  Associate   Philippines   Finance     December        14.28        103,677        115,486   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co, Ltd. (*2)

  Associate   Korea   Shipbuilding     December        70.71        (1,419,890     —     

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co, Ltd. (*2)

  Associate   Korea   Shipbuilding     December        67.27        (212,453     1   
           

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

            (1,010,367   629,151   
           

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

S-75


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Company

  Detail   Location   Business   Settling
month
    Ownership
(%)
    Net asset
value
    Carrying
amount
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

  Subsidiary   United Kingdom   Finance     December        100.00      44,872      48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

  Subsidiary   Vietnam   Finance     December        100.00        9,849        10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

  Subsidiary   Indonesia   Finance     December        85.00        16,388        25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

  Subsidiary   Hong Kong   Finance     December        100.00        50,147        49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

  Associate   Korea   Finance     December        25.86        388,681        380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund (*1)

  Associate   Philippines   Finance     December        14.28        107,731        115,486   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co, Ltd. (*2)

  Associate   Korea   Shipbuilding     December        33.99        (628,827     10   
           

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

            (11,159   629,160   
           

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund is classified into an associate because the Bank has significant influence in the way of representation on the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the investee.
(*2) Those are classified into an associate because the Bank has no substantive control in accordance with creditor’s agreement

(2) Changes in investments in associates and subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

Company

  Detail     Beginning
balance
    Acquisition     Impairment
loss
    Ending
balance
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

    Subsidiary      48,460      —        —        48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

    Subsidiary        10,275        —          —          10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

    Subsidiary        25,270        —          —          25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

    Subsidiary        49,139        —          —          49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

    Associate        380,520        —          —          380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

    Associate        115,486        —          —          115,486   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.

    Associate        10        —          (10     —     

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co, Ltd.

    Associate        —          1        —          1   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    629,160        1        (10   629,151   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2013)

 

Company

   Detail      Beginning
balance
     Acquisition      Ending
balance
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     Subsidiary       48,460       —         48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     Subsidiary         10,275         —           10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     Subsidiary         25,270         —           25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     Subsidiary         49,139         —           49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     Associate         380,520         —           380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     Associate         115,486         —           115,486   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.

     Associate         —           10         10   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

      629,150       10       629,160   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(3) Summarized financial information of associates and subsidiaries as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

Company

   Assets      Liabilities      Operating
income
    Net income  

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     511,923         468,788         (1,378     (1,172

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     131,651         121,657         710        545   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     156,734         136,309         1,809        1,809   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     336,996         286,870         2,050        1,712   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     2,298,250         760,418         62,180        61,486   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     728,858         2,831         1,922        1,921   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.

     1,993,988         4,002,035         (150,018     (196,622

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co, Ltd.

     516,769         832,589         (2,642     16,651   

(2013)

 

Company

   Assets      Liabilities      Operating
income
    Net income  

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     455,482         410,611         6,749        5,110   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     124,882         115,033         1,344        1,039   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     163,849         144,569         3,093        2,568   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     356,724         306,577         4,621        3,844   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     3,085,016         1,588,103         60,742        53,846   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     756,255         2,366         2,348        2,344   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.

     2,016,279         3,866,313         (109,801     (222,247

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

12. TANGIBLE ASSETS:

(1) Details of tangible assets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

   Acquisition cost      Accumulated
depreciation
    Book value  

Lands

   189,585       —        189,585   

Buildings

     44,741         (23,742     20,999   

Vehicles

     2,845         (2,008     837   

Furniture and fixture

     22,115         (15,115     7,000   

Construction in progress

     26,051         —          26,051   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   285,337       (40,865   244,472   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Acquisition cost      Accumulated
depreciation
    Book value  

Lands

   189,585       —        189,585   

Buildings

     44,741         (23,014     21,727   

Vehicles

     2,944         (2,006     938   

Furniture and fixture

     21,427         (14,325     7,102   

Construction in progress

     17,167         —          17,167   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   275,864       (39,345   236,519   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in tangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Ending
balance
 

Lands

   189,585       —         —        —        189,585   

Buildings

     21,727         —           —          (728     20,999   

Vehicles

     938         113         (12     (202     837   

Furniture and fixture

     7,102         1,089         (2     (1,189     7,000   

Construction in progress

     17,167         8,884         —          —          26,051   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   236,519       10,086       (14   (2,119   244,472   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2013)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Ending
balance
 

Lands

   189,585       —         —        —        189,585   

Buildings

     23,183         —           —          (1,456     21,727   

Vehicles

     871         479         (24     (388     938   

Furniture and fixture

     3,740         4,945         (4     (1,579     7,102   

Construction in progress

     10,700         6,467         —          —          17,167   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   228,079       11,891       (28   (3,423   236,519   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

13. INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

(1) Details of intangible assets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

   Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book value  

Computer software

   8,320       (4,685   —        3,635   

System development fees

     20,942         (12,971     —          7,971   

Memberships

     6,195         —          (1,294     4,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   35,457       (17,656   (1,294   16,507   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book value  

Computer software

   8,099       (4,145   —        3,954   

System development fees

     20,507         (11,934     —          8,573   

Memberships

     6,195         —          (1,294     4,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   34,801       (16,079   (1,294   17,428   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals      Depreciation     Impairment      Ending
balance
 

Computer software

   3,954       222       —         (541   —         3,635   

System development fees

     8,573         435         —           (1,037     —           7,971   

Memberships

     4,901         —           —           —          —           4,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   17,428       657       —         (1,578   —         16,507   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2013)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Impairment     Ending
balance
 

Computer software

   2,807       2,026       —        (879   —        3,954   

System development fees

     6,882         2,546         —          (855     —          8,573   

Memberships

     5,582         313         (208     —          (786     4,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   15,271       4,885       (208   (1,734   (786   17,428   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

14. OTHER ASSETS:

(1) Details of other assets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Other financial assets :

    

Guarantee deposits

   36,134      36,632   

Accounts receivable

     293,532        128,263   

Accrued income

     605,878        682,573   

Receivable spot exchange

     142        170   

Allowances for loan losses on other assets

     (55,621     (14,304
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     880,065        833,334   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other assets :

    

Prepaid expenses

     3,611        4,064   

Advance payments

     22        —     

Current tax asset

     514        —     

Sundry assets

     15,517        8,952   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     19,664        13,016   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   899,729      846,350   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in allowances for loan losses on other assets for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Beginning balance

   14,304       1,335   

Written-off

     —           (33

Collection of written-off loans

     33         —     

Transfers in

     41,317         12,969   

Others

     (33      32   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   55,621       14,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

15. BORROWINGS:

(1) Details of borrowings as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

  

Lender

   Interest rate (%)      Amount  

Borrowings in foreign currency:

        

Compulsory loan

   MINISTRY OF STRATEGY AND FINANCE      0.97–0.99       72,022   

Long term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, Ltd., and others      0.58–1.33         2,783,467   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (8,231

Commercial papers(CP)

   CITIBANK N.A., HONG KONG and others      0.20–0.81         2,250,774   

Offshore long term borrowings

   SUMITOMO MITSUI TRUST BANK, Limited      0.96         30,432   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (14

Offshore Commercial papers(CP)

   BANK OF AMERICA NA and others      0.21–0.3         278,960   

Others (Foreign banks)

   ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND, TOKYO BRANCH and others      0.46–1.95         255,238   

Others (CSA—Credit Support Annex)

   STANDARD CHARTERED BANK and others   

 

—  

  

     98,853   
        

 

 

 

Subtotal

           5,761,501   
        

 

 

 

Call money in won

   KOREA DEVELOPMENT BANK and others      2.33–2.53         331,400   

Securities sold under repurchase agreement

        —           45,648   
        

 

 

 

Total

         6,138,549   
        

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Detail

  

Lender

   Interest rate (%)      Amount  

Borrowings in foreign currency:

        

Long term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, Ltd., and others      0.73–2.02       2,374,283   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (8,337

Commercial papers

   CITIBANK N.A., HONG KONG and others      0.2–0.81         2,830,263   

Offshore long term borrowings

   SUMITOMO MITSUI TRUST BANK, Limited      0.98–0.98         31,659   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (54

Others (Foreign banks)

   ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND, TOKYO BRANCH and others      0.33–3.35         194,975   

Others (CSA—Credit Support Annex)

   STANDARD CHARTERED BANK      —           18,267   
        

 

 

 

Subtotal

           5,441,056   
        

 

 

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreement

        —           47,489   
        

 

 

 

Total

         5,488,545   
        

 

 

 

(2) Details of borrowings from financial institutions as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

  

Call Money

  

Securities sold under
repurchase agreement

  

Borrowings in foreign
currency

  

Total (*)

Banks

   ₩331,400    ₩45,648    ₩5,697,723    ₩6,074,771

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Securities sold under
repurchase agreement
     Borrowings in foreign
currency
     Total (*)  

Banks

   47,489       5,441,056       5,488,545   

 

(*) Borrowings as presented here exclude present value discounts.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

16. DEBENTURES:

Details of debentures as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  
     Interest rate
(%)
     Amount     Interest rate
(%)
     Amount  

Local currency:

          

Floating rate

     2.65–3.76       470,000        2.65–3.76       1,490,000   

Fixed rate

     2.69–5.17         9,280,000        2.69–5.17         6,640,000   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Balance

        9,750,000           8,130,000   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Discount on debentures:

        (63,705        (21,810
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Subtotal

        9,686,295           8,108,190   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Foreign currency:

          

Floating rate

     0.32–10.00         5,712,818        0.32–10.00         4,363,720   

Fixed rate

     0.30–10.49         28,019,117        0.30–10.49         30,350,557   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Balance

        33,731,935           34,714,277   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Gain on fair value of hedged items

        277,133           70,322   

Discount on debentures

        (174,356        (182,966
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Subtotal

        33,834,712           34,601,633   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Total

      43,521,007         42,709,823   
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

17. PROVISIONS:

(1) Details of provisions as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Provisions for acceptances and guarantees

   121,243       155,613   

Provisions for unused loan commitments

     144,602         89,742   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   265,845       245,355   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Changes in provisions for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

Detail

   Acceptances and guarantees     Unused loan
commitments
    Total  
   Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Subtotal     Collective
assessment
   

Beginning balance

   88,434      67,178      155,612      89,743      245,355   

Foreign exchange translation

     (485     (125     (610     (434     (1,044

Additional Provisions (Reversal of provision)

     (66,951     33,192        (33,759     55,293        21,534   

Transfers in (out)

     3,902        (3,902     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   24,900      96,343      121,243      144,602      265,845   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2013)

 

Detail

   Acceptances and guarantees     Unused loan
commitments
    Total  
   Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Subtotal     Collective
assessment
   

Beginning balance

   98,644      71,040      169,684      54,950      224,634   

Foreign exchange translation

     (116     1        (115     (89     (204

Additional Provisions (Reversal of provision)

     (13,242     (715     (13,957     34,882        20,925   

Transfers in (out)

     3,148        (3,148     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   88,434      67,178      155,612      89,743      245,355   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

18. RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN:

The Bank operates both defined benefit plan and defined contribution plan.

(1) Defined benefit plan

The Bank operates defined benefit plans which have the following characteristics:

 

   

The entity has the obligation to pay the agreed benefits to all its current and past employees.

 

   

The entity is liable for actuarial risk (excess of actual payment against expected amount) and investment risk.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation recognized in the separate statements of financial position is calculated annually by independent actuaries in accordance with actuarial valuation method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is calculated using the Projected Unit Credit method (the ‘PUC’). The data used in the PUC such as interest rates, future salary increase rate, mortality rate, consumer price index and expected return on plan asset are based on observable market data and historical data which are annually updated.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Actuarial assumptions may differ from actual results, due to change in the market, economic trend and mortality trend which may affect defined benefit obligation liabilities and future payments. Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period incurred through other comprehensive income or loss.

(2) Details of defined benefit obligation as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Present value of defined benefit obligations

   67,493      62,179   

Fair value of plan assets

     (34,901     (34,311
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit obligation, net

   32,592      27,868   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(3) Changes in net defined benefit obligations for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

     Present value of the
defined benefit
obligation
    Plan assets     Net defined
benefit obligation
 

Beginning balance

   62,179      (34,311   27,868   

Contributions from the employer

     —          —       

Current service cost

     4,496        —          4,496   

Interest expense (income)

     1,563        —          1,563   

Return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest income above

     —          (868     (868

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

     —          —          —     

Actuarial gains and losses arising from empirical adjustment

     —          —          —     

Management fee on plan assets

     —          —          —     

Benefits paid

     (745     278        (467
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   67,493      (34,901   32,592   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2013)

 

     Present value of the
defined benefit
obligation
    Plan assets     Net defined
benefit obligation
 

Beginning balance

   61,067      (28,324   32,743   

Contributions from the employer

     —          (5,997     (5,997

Current service cost

     8,671        (1,301     7,370   

Interest expense (income)

     2,796        —          2,796   

Return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest income above

     —          300        300   

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

     (3,994     —          (3,994

Actuarial gains and losses arising from empirical adjustment

     (4,825     —          (4,825

Management fee on plan assets

     —          158        158   

Benefits paid

     (1,536     853        (683
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   62,179      (34,311   27,868   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(4) Details of plan assets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Cash and cash equivalent

   9,810       8,429   

Debt securities

     2,401         2,362   

Others

     22,690         23,520   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   34,901       34,311   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(5) Actuarial assumptions used in retirement benefit obligation assessment as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Discount rate

     5.06     5.06

Expected wage growth rate

     3.04     3.04

(6) Retirement benefit cost incurred from the defined contribution plan for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Retirement benefit cost

   119       276   

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

19. OTHER LIABILITIES:

Details of other liabilities as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Other financial liabilities:

     

Guarantee deposits

   413,729       375,123   

Foreign exchanges payable

     281,396         37   

Accounts payable

     7,251         5,256   

Accrued expenses

     453,460         560,033   

Guarantee deposit received

     108         108   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,155,944         940,557   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other liabilities:

     

Allowance for credit loss in derivatives

     5,390         10,757   

Unearned income

     194,913         141,833   

Sundry liabilities

     4,300         6,620   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     204,603         159,210   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,360,547       1,099,767   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

20. DERIVATIVES:

The Bank operates derivatives for trading and hedging instrument. Derivatives held for trading purpose are included in financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL.

(1) Fair value hedge

Fair value hedge is a hedge of the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment, or an identified portion of such an asset, liability or firm commitment, that is attributable to a particular risk and could affect profit or loss. When applying fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk shall adjust the carrying amount of the hedged item and be recognized in profit or loss.

The Bank shall discontinue prospectively the cash flow hedge if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the Bank revokes the designation. Any adjustment arising from the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk to the carrying amount of a hedged financial instrument for which the effective interest method is used shall be amortized to profit or loss.

The Bank uses interest rate swaps for hedging changes of fair values in hedged items arising from changes in interest rates. The Bank also uses currency swaps for hedging changes of fair values in hedged items arising from changes in foreign exchange rates

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Cash flow hedge

Cash flow hedge is a hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability (such as all or some future interest payments on variable rate debt) or a highly probable forecast transaction and could affect profit or loss. When applying cash flow hedge, the portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument that is determined to be an effective hedge shall be recognized in other comprehensive income; and the ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument shall be recognized in profit or loss. If a hedge of a forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a financial asset or a financial liability, the associated gains or losses that were recognized in other comprehensive income shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecast cash flows affect profit or loss.

The Bank shall discontinue prospectively the cash flow hedge if hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the Bank revokes the designation. The forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, in which case any related cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument that has been recognized in other comprehensive income from the period when the hedge was effective shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment.

The Bank uses interest rate swaps for hedging changes of cash flows in hedged items arising from changes in interest rates. The Bank also uses currency swaps for hedging changes of cash flows in hedged items arising from changes in foreign exchange.

(3) Details of derivative assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

   Notional      Derivative assets  
      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   11,009,859       183,522       —         932       184,454   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,024,402         —           —           11,317         11,317   

Currency swaps

     15,401,255         249,443         —           179,239         428,682   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     16,425,657         249,443         —           190,556         439,999   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   27,435,516       432,965       —         191,488       624,453   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Notional      Derivative liabilities  

Detail

      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   11,009,859       110,698       2,115       28,492       141,305   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,024,402         —           —           2,219         2,219   

Currency swaps

     15,401,255         938,480         —           29,725         968,205   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     16,425,657         938,480         —           31,944         970,424   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   27,435,516       1,049,178       2,115       60,436       1,111,729   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

            Derivative assets  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   14,266,649       177,324       60       1,234       178,618   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,195,972         —           —           28,208         28,208   

Currency swaps

     15,393,129         200,940         —           125,405         326,345   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     16,589,101         200,940         —           153,613         354,553   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   30,855,750       378,264       60       154,847       533,171   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

            Derivative liabilities  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   14,266,649       231,440       1,838       59,114       292,392   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,195,972         —           —           783         783   

Currency swaps

     15,393,129         1,566,435         —           152,991         1,719,426   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     16,589,101         1,566,435         —           153,774         1,720,209   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   30,855,750       1,797,875       1,838       212,888       2,012,601   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(4) Gains and losses from fair value hedging instruments and hedged items attributable to the hedged risk for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Fair value hedge—hedged items

   (238,627   481,123   

Fair value hedge—hedging instruments

   517,629      (1,509,696

(5) The Bank recognized ₩(367) million and ₩2,454 million as other comprehensive income (losses) (not adjusting tax effect), and cash flow hedge ineffectiveness of ₩27 million and ₩219 million was recognized in earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013

21. CAPITAL STOCK:

As of June 30, 2014, the authorized capital and paid-in capital of the Bank are ₩8,000,000 million and ₩7,368,055 million, respectively. The Bank does not issue share certificates.

Changes in capital stock for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Beginning balance

   7,238,055       7,138,055   

Increase in capital and investment in kind

     130,000         100,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   7,368,055       7,238,055   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

22. OTHER COMPONENTS OF EQUITY:

(1) Details of other reserves as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Gain (loss) on valuation of AFS securities

   (89,942   54,157   

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     (1,504     (1,227

Remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability

     4,827        4,827   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (86,619   57,757   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in other reserves for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
    Tax effect      Ending
balance
 

Gain (loss) on valuation of AFS securities

   54,157      (190,104   46,005       (89,942

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     (1,227     (365     88         (1,504

Remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability

     4,827        —          —           4,827   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   57,757      (190,469   46,093       (86,619
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

(2013)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
     Tax effect     Ending
balance
 

Gain on valuation of AFS securities

   25,641      37,620       (9,104   54,157   

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     (3,210     2,616         (633     (1,227

Remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability

     (1,631     8,520         (2,062     4,827   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   20,800      48,756       (11,799   57,757   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

23. RETAINED EARNINGS:

(1) Details of retained earnings as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014      Dec. 31, 2013  

Legal reserve (*1)

   319,984       314,010   

Voluntary reserve (*2)

     1,119,559         1,067,878   

Reserve for bad loan

     514,785         —     

Unappropriated retained earnings

     77,055         572,440   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   2,031,383       1,954,328   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

 

(*1) Pursuant to the EXIM Bank Act, the Bank appropriates 10% of net income for each accounting period as legal reserve, until the accumulated reserve equals to its paid-in capital.
(*2) The Bank appropriates the remaining balance of net income, after the appropriation of legal reserve and declaration of dividends, to voluntary reserve.

(2) Changes in retained earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Beginning balance

   1,954,328       1,928,883   

Net income for the period

     77,055         59,731   

Dividends

     —           (34,286
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   2,031,383       1,954,328   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(3) Reserve for bad loan

Reserve for bad loans is calculated and disclosed according to Article 29 (1) and (2), Regulation on Supervision of Banking Business. In accordance with Regulation on Supervision of Banking Business etc., if the estimated allowance for credit loss determined by K-IFRS for the accounting purpose is lower than those for the regulatory purpose required by Regulation on Supervision of Banking Business, the Bank should reserve such difference as the regulatory reserve for bad loans. Due to the fact that regulatory reserve for bad loans is a voluntary reserve, the amounts that exceed the existing reserve for bad loans over the compulsory reserve for bad loans at the period-end date are reversed in profit. In case of accumulated deficit, the Bank should recommence setting aside reserve for bad loans at the time when accumulated deficit is gone.

1) Reserve for bad loans

Details of reserve for bad loans as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Accumulated reserve for bad loans (*1)

   514,785      423,827   

Expected reserve for bad loans (*2)

   (67,114   90,958   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reserve for bad loans

   447,671      514,785   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Accumulated reserve for bad loans are calculated as if it was applied at December 31, 2012
(*2) Expected reserve for bad loans are calculated as if it was applied at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

2) Expected reserve for bad loans and net income after adjusting reserve for bad loans.

Details of expected reserve for bad loans and net income after adjusting the reserve six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Net income for the period

   77,055       47,872   

Expected reserve for bad loans (*1)

   67,114       (71,874
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net profit (loss) after adjusting the reserve for bad loans (*2)

   144,169       (24,002
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Expected reserve for bad loans in June 30, 2013 are calculated by difference between expected accumulative reserve for bad loans in December 31, 2012 and expected accumulative reserve for bad loans in June 30, 2013
(*2) Adjusted profit (loss) considering reserves for bad debt as above is calculated by assuming that the provision in reserves for bad debt before income tax is reflected in net income.

(4) Details of dividends for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

The Government

   —         23,149   

BOK

     —           5,596   

Korea Finance Corporation

     —           5,541   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   —         34,286   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

24. NET INTEREST INCOME:

Net interest income is the amount after deduction of interest expenses from interest income, and the details are as follows:

(1) Details of interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Interest of due from financial institutions:

     

Due from financial institutions in local currency

   4,470       8,138   

Due from financial institutions in foreign currencies

     2,177         2,063   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     6,647         10,201   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest of financial assets at FVTPL:

     

Interest of trading securities

     269         76   

Interest of investments:

     

Interest of AFS securities

     1,284         495   

Interest of held-to-maturity securities

     396         256   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     1,680         751   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest of loans:

     

Interest of loans in local currency

     276,844         294,437   

Interest of loans in foreign currencies

     515,413         502,105   

Interest of notes bought

     —           —     

Interest of bills bought

     12,022         15,932   

Interest of advances for customers

     70         200   

Interest of call loans

     7,212         3,512   

Interest of interbank loans

     181         1,900   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     811,742         818,086   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest of others

     1,242         1,290   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   821,580       830,404   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest income accrued from impaired loan is ₩16,775 million and ₩10,835 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Details of interest expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Interest of borrowings:

     

Borrowings in foreign currency

   19,458       15,997   

RP

     95         —     

Interest of call money

     5,650         4,031   

Interest of debentures:

     

Interest of debentures in local currency

     121,180         146,924   

Interest of debentures in foreign currency

     496,102         426,386   

Interest of others

     2,262         1,453   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   644,747       594,791   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

25. NET COMMISSION INCOME:

Net commission income is the amount after deduction of commission expenses from commission income, and the details are as follows.

(1) Details of commission income for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Commission income in local currency:

     

Commissions income on management of
Economic Development Cooperation Fund (“EDCF”)

   5,756       5,117   

Commissions income on management of
Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund (“IKCF”)

     1,391         1,365   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     7,147         6,482   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commission income in foreign currency:

     

Commissions income on letter of credit

     1,460         1,271   

Commissions income on confirmation on export letter of credit

     417         672   

Commissions income on loans commitment

     42,772         35,925   

Management fee

     97         487   

Arrangement fee

     —           3,278   

Advisory fee

     15         134   

Cancellation fee

     2,817         1,252   

Prepayment fee

     21,355         28,200   

Sundry commissions income on foreign exchange

     73         206   

Commission income on import factoring

     —           1   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     69,006         71,426   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others:

     

Other commission income

     136         534   

Guarantee fees on foreign currency:

     

Guarantee fees on foreign currency

     86,722         91,365   

Premium for guarantee

     13,798         11,231   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     100,520         102,596   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   176,809       181,038   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Details of commission expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

Commission expenses in local currency:

     

Commissions expenses on borrowings

   132       132   

Commissions expenses on domestic transaction

     77         63   

Sundry commissions expenses on domestic transaction

     —           2   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     209         197   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commission expenses in foreign currency:

     

Commissions expenses on borrowings

     1,064         738   

Sundry commission expenses on foreign exchange

     228         128   

Commission expenses on offshore borrowings

     15         15   

Sundry commissions expenses on offshore transaction

     23         24   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     1,330         905   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others:

     

Other commissions expenses

     246         122   

Other commissions expenses-deferred

     —           45   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     246         167   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,785       1,269   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

26. DIVIDEND INCOME:

Details of dividend income for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014      2013  

AFS securities

   10,442       13,959   

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

27. GAIN (LOSS) ON FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FVTPL:

Details of gain (loss) on financial assets at FVTPL for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Trading securities:

    

Gain on valuation

   1,652      706   

Gain on disposal

     4,890        2,752   

Loss on disposal

     (52     (53
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     6,490        3,405   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Trading derivatives

    

Gain on valuation

     164,626        29,264   

Loss on valuation

     (8,211     (98,687

Gain on transaction

     145,055        100,171   

Loss on transaction

     (72,141     (31,372
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     229,329        (624
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   235,819      2,781   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

28. GAIN (LOSS) ON HEDGING DERIVATIVES:

Details of gain (loss) on hedging derivatives for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Gain on hedging derivatives

   640,258      52,868   

Loss on hedging derivatives

     (122,600     (1,562,524
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   517,658      (1,509,656
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

29. GAIN (LOSS) ON FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS:

(1) Details of gain (loss) on financial investments for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

AFS securities:

    

Gain on disposals

   2      423   

Loss on disposals

     —          (1,761

Impairment loss

     (33,684     (1,783
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (33,682   (3,121
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) There is no gain or loss on held-to-maturity securities for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In addition, details of interest income of held-to-maturity securities are stated in Note 24.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

30. OTHER OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES):

Details of other operating income (expenses) for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Other operating income:

    

Gain on disposal of loans

   1      7   

Gain on fair value hedged items

     71,859        542,070   

Others

     14,883        18,795   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     86,743        560,872   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other operating expenses:

    

Loss on fair value hedged items

     310,486        60,947   

Contribution for fund

     2,642        2,844   

Others

     8,048        6,362   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     321,176        70,153   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (234,433   490,719   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

31. (REVERSAL OF) IMPAIRMENT LOSS ON CREDIT:

Details of impairment loss (reversal) on credit for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Loans

   147,844      280,232   

Other financial assets

     41,317        12,243   

Guarantees

     (33,758     (46,170

Unused loan commitments

     55,293        82,214   

Financial guarantee contract

     1,510        33,914   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   212,206      362,433   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

32. GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES:

Details of general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    

Detail

   2014      2013  

General and administrative

   Short-term salaries    45,724       46,337   

Other expenses in financing department

   Office expenses      22,076         22,993   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Subtotal

     67,800         69,330   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Office expenses of EDCF

        811         756   

General and administrative

   Post-employment benefit (defined contributions)      119         276   

expenses in others

   Post-employment benefit (defined benefits)      5,191         5,084   
   Depreciation of tangible assets      2,119         1,554   
   Amortization of intangible assets      1,578         816   
   Taxes and duties      17,896         16,974   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Subtotal

     26,903         24,704   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Total

   95,514       94,790   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

33. NON-OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES):

Details of non-operating income (expenses) for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    

Detail

   2014      2013  

Gain (loss) on investments in associates and subsidiaries

   Dividend income    4,662       8,018   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        4,662         8,018   

Others income

   Gain on disposals of tangible assets      49         37   
   Rent income      32         20   
   Interest on other loans      75         78   
   Revenue on research project      275         30   
   Other miscellaneous Income      428         114   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Subtotal

     859         279   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others expenses

   Loss on disposal of tangible assets      1         1   
   Loss on disposal of intangible assets      —           4   
   Expenses for contribution      1,597         2,289   
   Court cost      58         944   
   Expenses on research project      407         683   
   Other miscellaneous expenses      43         39   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Subtotal

     2,106         3,960   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Total

   3,415       4,337   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

34. INCOME TAX EXPENSE:

(1) Details of income tax expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Current income tax payable

   —        128,508   

Adjustment recognized in the period for current tax of prior periods

     18,277        3,993   

Changes in deferred income taxes due to temporary differences

     (33,481     (112,859

Changes in deferred income taxes directly recognized in equity

     46,094        (2,884
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

   30,890      16,758   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in temporary differences and deferred income tax assets (liabilities) for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2014)

 

     Temporary differences     Deferred tax assets
(liabilities)—ending
balance
 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
    Ending
balance
   

Depreciation expense

   6,032      (6,032   —        —     

Fair value hedging income(loss)

     (81,099     206,814        125,715        30,423   

Financial guarantee contract liability

     223,219        40,334        263,553        63,780   

Allowance account

     1,427,243        (881,978     545,265        131,954   

Unused commitment provisions

     89,742        54,860        144,602        34,994   

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     408,616        38,504        447,120        108,203   

Long-term income in advance

     (1,930     488        (1,442     (349

Provisions for acceptances and guarantees

     155,612        (34,369     121,243        29,341   

Loan-for-equity swap

     57,002        1,095,801        1,152,803        278,978   

Losses on valuation of derivatives

     (1,170,172     (628,267     (1,798,439     (435,222

Gains on valuation of derivatives

     1,479,430        (992,262     487,168        117,895   

Defined benefit liability

     22,677        5,347        28,024        6,782   

Accrued interest and interest receivables related to swap transaction

     (322,673     64,475        (258,198     (62,484

Tangible asset

     (185,978     6,041        (179,937     (43,545

Others

     82,526        (1,951     80,575        19,498   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,190,247        (1,032,195     1,158,052        280,248   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax deficit

   —        980,079      980,079      237,180   

Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) directly adjusted in equity

           27,654   
        

 

 

 

Total

         545,082   
        

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2013)

 

      Temporary differences     Deferred tax
assets
(liabilities)—

ending balance
 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
    Ending
balance
   

Depreciation expense

   4,443      1,589      6,032      1,460   

Fair value hedging income (loss)

     570,710        (651,809     (81,099     (19,626

Financial guarantee contract liability

     (58,027     281,246        223,219        54,020   

Allowance account

     1,065,803        361,440        1,427,243        345,393   

Unused commitment provisions

     54,950        34,792        89,742        21,718   

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     358,480        50,136        408,616        98,885   

Long-term income in advance

     (15,944     14,014        (1,930     (467

Accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation gain on land

     (185,101     185,101        —          —     

Provisions for acceptances and guarantees

     169,684        (14,072     155,612        37,658   

Loan-for-equity swap

     78,265        (21,263     57,002        13,794   

Losses on valuation of derivatives

     258,361        (1,428,533     (1,170,172     (283,182

Gains on valuation of derivatives

     (439,546     1,918,976        1,479,430        358,022   

Defined benefit liability

     20,882        1,795        22,677        5,489   

Other provisions

     6,250        (6,250     —          —     

Accrued interest and interest receivables related to swap transaction

     (297,177     (25,496     (322,673     (78,087

Tangible asset

     —          (185,978     (185,978     (45,007

Others

     62,282        20,244        82,526        19,971   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

   1,654,315      535,932      2,190,247      530,041   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) directly adjusted in equity

           (18,440
        

 

 

 

Total

         511,601   
        

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(3) Details of the reconciliation between net income before income tax and income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Net income before income tax

   107,945      64,630   

Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate (*)

     25,661        15,409   

Adjustments:

    

Effect on non-taxable income

     (444     (421

Effect on non-deductible expense

     213        42   

Tax credit

     —          (25

Unrecognized temporary differences

     2        4,606   

Others

     783        (6,846
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     554        (2,644
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjustment recognized in the period for current tax of prior periods

     4,675        3,993   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

   30,890      16,758   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective tax rate from operations

     28.62     25.93

 

(*) The corporate tax rate is 11% up to ₩200 million, 22% over ₩200 million to ₩20 billion and 24.2% over ₩20 billion.

(4) Details of deferred tax relating to items that are recognized directly in equity as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Gain (loss) on valuation of AFS securities

   28,715      (17,290

Gain (loss) on valuation of cash flow hedge

     480        391   

Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability

     (1,541     (1,541
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   27,654      (18,440
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(5) Unrecognized deferred tax assets and liabilities

The Bank does not recognize deferred tax liabilities for taxable temporary difference of ₩53,470 million related to investments in associates and subsidiaries as of June 30, 2014 because the Bank considers that those investments in associates and subsidiaries will be indefinitely reinvested.

The Bank also does not recognize deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences of ₩4,469 million related to impairment loss of AFS securities as of June 30, 2014 because the realizable period has already passed.

35. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS:

(1) Cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are equal to the due from financial institutions in the statements of cash flows and as detailed in Note 7.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Details of non-cash flow transactions in investing and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2014     2013  

Loan-for-equity swap

   20,476      11,435   

Gain (loss) on valuation of AFS securities

     (144,099     9,637   

Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability

     —          (176

36. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS:

(1) Details of contingent liabilities and commitments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Guarantees

  Confirmed   43,455,640      41,586,532   
 

Unconfirmed

    11,937,613        12,109,899   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

  55,393,253      53,696,431   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loan commitments

  Local currency, foreign currency loan commitments   27,711,988      26,337,798   
 

Others

    11,333,025        394,801   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

    39,045,013        26,732,599   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Total

  94,438,266      80,429,030   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Details of guarantees that have been provided for others as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  Jun. 30, 2014     Dec. 31, 2013  

Confirmed guarantees

 

Local currency:

   
 

Performance of contracts

  115,785      125,090   
 

Repayment of advances

    129,002        149,128   
 

Foreign liabilities

    —          62,171   
 

Others

    111,529        49,475   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

    356,316        385,864   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Foreign currency:

   
 

Performance of contracts

    13,675,102        12,551,137   
 

Repayment of advances

    18,617,825        19,145,553   
 

Acceptances of imported goods

    4,195        3,629   
 

Acceptance of import letter of credit outstanding

    144,810        213,857   
 

Foreign liabilities

    4,904,049        4,351,156   
 

Others

    5,753,343        4,935,336   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

    43,099,324        41,200,668   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unconfirmed guarantees

 

Foreign liabilities

    1,882,916        1,596,718   
 

Repayment of advances

    9,777,318        10,234,943   
 

Performance of contracts

    209,149        120,211   
 

Underwriting of import credit

    68,044        43,947   
 

Others

    186        114,080   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Subtotal

    11,937,613        12,109,899   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Total

  55,393,253      53,696,431   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(3) Details of guarantees classified by country as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

      Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Asia

   Korea    36,516,187         84.03       9,416,989         78.89       45,933,176         82.91   
   India      232,114         0.53         41,410         0.35         273,524         0.49   
   Vietnam      289,787         0.67         547,169         4.58         836,956         1.51   
   Saudi Arabia      666,255         1.53         178,614         1.50         844,869         1.53   
   Others      2,703,628         6.22         1,106,507         9.27         3,810,135         6.88   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        40,407,971         92.98         11,290,689         94.59         51,698,660         93.32   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Europe

   France      195,010         0.45         134         0.00         195,144         0.35   
   Others      220,958         0.51         333,743         2.80         554,701         1.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        415,968         0.96         333,877         2.80         749,845         1.35   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

America

   U.S.A.      1,494,597         3.43         153,366         1.28         1,647,963         2.98   
   Mexico      284,772         0.66         6,097         0.05         290,869         0.53   
   Others      315,615         0.73         16,960         0.14         332,575         0.60   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        2,094,984         4.82         176,423         1.48         2,271,407         4.10   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Africa

   Madagascar      177,434         0.41         —           0.00         177,434         0.32   
   Others      359,283         0.83         136,624         1.14         495,907         0.90   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        536,717         1.24         136,624         1.14         673,341         1.22   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      43,455,640         100.00       11,937,613         100.00       55,393,253         100.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

      Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Asia

   Korea    35,669,758         85.77       10,468,506         86.44       46,138,264         85.92   
   India      255,596         0.61         43,080         0.36         298,676         0.56   
   Vietnam      227,857         0.55         178,529         1.47         406,386         0.76   
   Saudi Arabia      784,950         1.89         85,425         0.71         870,375         1.62   
   Others      1,808,608         4.35         727,312         6.01         2,535,920         4.72   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        38,746,769         93.17         11,502,852         94.99         50,249,621         93.58   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Europe

   France      217,958         0.52         140         —           218,098         0.41   
   Others      234,962         0.57         67,888         0.56         302,850         0.56   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        452,920         1.09         68,028         0.56         520,948         0.97   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

America

   U.S.A.      1,384,477         3.33         342,346         2.83         1,726,823         3.22   
   Mexico      293,501         0.71         12,819         0.11         306,320         0.57   
   Others      339,853         0.81         17,644         0.14         357,497         0.66   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        2,017,831         4.85         372,809         3.08         2,390,640         4.45   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Africa

   Madagascar      193,817         0.47         —           —           193,817         0.36   
   Others      175,195         0.42         166,210         1.37         341,405         0.64   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        369,012         0.89         166,210         1.37         535,222         1.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      41,586,532         100.00       12,109,899         100.00       53,696,431         100.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(4) Details of guarantees classified by industry as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

     Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Manufacturing

   21,259,216         48.93       9,940,600         83.26       31,199,816         56.33   

Transportation

     327,074         0.75         2,266         0.02         329,340         0.59   

Finance

     1,747,552         4.02         70,352         0.59         1,817,904         3.28   

Wholesale and retail

     1,417,892         3.26         144,263         1.21         1,562,155         2.82   

Construction

     13,860,110         31.89         696,616         5.84         14,556,726         26.28   

Public and others

     4,843,796         11.15         1,083,516         9.08         5,927,312         10.70   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   43,455,640         100.00       11,937,613         100.00       55,393,253         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

     Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Manufacturing

   20,564,148         49.44       10,699,164         88.35       31,263,312         58.22   

Transportation

     203,088         0.49         2,358         0.02         205,446         0.38   

Finance

     1,691,827         4.07         46,364         0.38         1,738,191         3.24   

Wholesale and retail

     917,843         2.21         3,692         0.03         921,535         1.72   

Construction

     13,524,300         32.52         342,119         2.83         13,866,419         25.82   

Public and others

     4,685,326         11.27         1,016,202         8.39         5,701,528         10.62   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   41,586,532         100.00       12,109,899         100.00       53,696,431         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(5) Global Medium-Term Note Program (“GMTN”) and Commercial Paper (“CP”) programs

The Bank has been establishing the following programs regarding the issue of foreign currency bonds and CPs:

 

  1) Established on August 1, 1991, initially, and annually renewed, U.S. Shelf Registration to issue foreign bonds under the Securities and Exchange Commission rule of the United States of America with an issuance limit of USD 30 billion;

 

  2) Established on May 14, 1997 and May 16, 1997, initially, and annually renewed, CP program to issue CPs with issuance limits of USD 4 billion and USD 2 billion, respectively;

 

  3) Established on November 6, 1997, initially, and annually renewed, Euro Medium-Term Note Program to issue mid-to-long-term foreign currency bonds with an issuance limit of USD 25 billion;

 

  4) Established on February 13, 2008, initially, and renewed every two years, MYR MTN program to issue Malaysian Ringgit-denoted bonds of MYR 4 billion;

 

  5) Established on June 20, 2008, initially, and annually renewed, Yen Shelf Registration to issue Samurai bond with an issuance limit of JPY 500 billion;

 

  6) Established on May 31, 2010, Australian Domestic Debt Issuance Program to issue Kangaroo bond with limit of AUD 2 billion;

 

  7) Established on January 17, 2011, and renewed every two years, Uridashi Shelf Registration to issue Uridashi bond with an issuance limit of JPY 500 billion.

(6) Litigations

As of June 30, 2014, nine lawsuits (aggregated litigation value: ₩81,250 million) were filed by the Bank and eight pending litigations as a defendant were filed (aggregated litigation value: ₩133,794 million). The Bank’s management expects that there is no significant impact on the financial statements due to these lawsuits but it is possible to make additional loss to the Bank due to the results of future litigation.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(7) Written-off loans

The Bank manages written-off loans that have claims on debtors due to the limitation of statute, uncollected after write-off, etc. The written-off loans as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are ₩568,916 million and ₩544,795 million, respectively.

(8) Ordinary wages

The Supreme Court had handed down sentences in ordinary wages during the previous year. The Bank reviewed the effect by the Supreme Court ruling on the Bank’s financial statements. The Bank determined not to recognize provisions, because the Bank anticipates that the outflow of resources is unlikely to be realized. Effects to the financial statements of the Bank with regard to the judgment of the court for the lawsuit are not disclosed in the notes to the financial statements in accordance with the paragraph 92 of K-IFRS 1037 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

37. TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES WITH RELATED PARTIES:

Related parties consist of entities related to the Bank, post-employment benefits, a key management personnel and a close member of that person’s family, an entity controlled or jointly controlled and an entity influenced significantly.

(1) Details of related parties as of June 30, 2014 are as follows:

 

Detail

   Relationship      Percentage  

Parent:

     

Korean government

     Parent         68.53

Subsidiaries and Associates:

     

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     Subsidiary         100.00

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     Subsidiary         85.00

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     Subsidiary         100.00

KEXIM Asia Limited

     Subsidiary         100.00

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.

     Associate         70.71

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.

     Associate         67.27

Korea Asset Management Corporation,

     Associate         25.86

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     Associate         14.28

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(2) Significant balances of receivables, payables and guarantees with the related parties

Significant balances of receivables and payables with the related parties as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

   Receivables      Allowance      Payables  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited,

   184,950       —         98   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     136,106         246         —     

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co

     119,537         202         —     

KEXIM Asia Limited

     108,411         —           121   

Associate:

        

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., LTD.

   877,511       230,722       —     

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.

     345,880         182,696         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,772,395       413,866       219   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Receivables      Allowance      Payables  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited,

   135,797       —         72   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     142,656         258         —     

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co

     112,638         191         —     

KEXIM Asia Limited

     112,820         —           231   

Associate:

        

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., LTD.

   1,809,458       1,006,104       —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   2,313,369       1,006,553       303   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

Guarantees provided to the related parties as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Jun. 30, 2014)

 

Detail

   Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed
guarantees
     Commitments  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited,

   91,296       —         169,405   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     —           —           25,360   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     —           685         5,072   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     50,720         —           52,749   

Associate:

        

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.

     493,075         1,140,677         30,694   

DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.

     99,958         54,434         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   735,049       1,195,796       283,280   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec. 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed
guarantees
     Commitments  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited,

   107,365       —         185,733   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     —           —           26,383   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     —           728         5,277   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     52,765         —           54,876   

Associate:

        

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.

     260,838         946,600         30,694   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   420,968       947,328       302,963   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(3) Profit and loss transactions with related parties

Profit and loss transactions with related parties for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Related party    2014      2013  
      Revenue      Bad debt
expenses
    Expenses      Revenue      Bad debt
expenses
     Expenses  

Subsidiaries

   KEXIM Bank
UK
Limited
   703       —        729       1,176       —         384   
   PT.KOEXIM
Mandiri
Finance
     681         (12     2         536         17         32   
   KEXIM
Vietnam
Leasing
Co.
     589         11        3         366         32         —     
   KEXIM Asia
Limited
     948         —          400         738         —           614   

Associate

   SUNGDONG
Shipbuilding
& Marine
Engineering
Co., Ltd.
     14,128         3,540        —           —           —           —     
   DAESUN
Shipbuilding
& Engineering
Co., Ltd
     7,620         2,724        —           —           —           —     
     

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   Total    24,669       6,263      1,134       2,816       49       1,030   
     

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND DECEMBER 31, 2013,

AND FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

 

(4) Money dealing with related parties

Money dealing with related parties for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  

Related party

   2014      2013  
          Financing transaction      Financing transaction  
          Loan      Collection      Loan      Collection  

Subsidiaries

   KEXIM Bank UK Limited    321,064       264,181       751,734       766,611   
   PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance      278,750         279,814         486,789         486,789   
   KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.      239,548         227,743         326,922         309,207   
   KEXIM Asia Limited      248,144         249,119         380,925         414,815   

Associate

   SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.      —           932,100         —           10,000   
   DAESUN Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.      32,873         5,200         —           —     
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Total

   1,120,379       1,958,157       1,946,370       1,987,422   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(5) Details of compensation to key management for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   2014      2013  

Salaries

   2,005       1,635   

Severance and retirement benefits

     210         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   2,215       1,635   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

The Economy

Gross Domestic Product

Based on preliminary data, GDP growth in 2014 was 3.3% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 2.0%, exports of goods and services increased by 2.8% and gross domestic fixed capital formation increased by 3.3%, each compared with 2013.

Prices, Wages and Employment

The inflation rate was 1.4% in 2014. The unemployment rate was 3.5% in 2014.

The Financial System

Securities Markets

The Korea Composite Stock Price Index was 1,961.8 on April 30, 2014, 1,995.0 on May 30, 2014, 2,002.2 on June 30, 2014, 2,076.1 on July 31, 2014, 2,068.5 on August 29, 2014, 2,020.1 on September 30, 2014, 1,964.4 on October 31, 2014, 1,980.8 on November 28, 2014, 1,915.6 on December 30, 2014, 1,949.3 on January 30, 2015 and 1,961.5 on February 17, 2015.

Monetary Policy

Interest Rates

The Bank of Korea lowered its policy rate to 3.0% from 3.25% on July 12, 2012, which was further lowered to 2.75% on October 11, 2012, to 2.5% on May 9, 2013, to 2.25% on August 14, 2014 and 2.0% on October 15, 2014, in order to address the sluggishness of the global and domestic economy.

Foreign Exchange

The market average exchange rate between the Won and the U.S. Dollar (in Won per one U.S. Dollar) as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Service Ltd. was ₩1,031.7 to US$1.00 on April 30, 2014, ₩1,021.6 to US$1.00 on May 30, 2014, ₩1,014.4 to US$1.00 on June 30, 2014, ₩1,024.3 to US$1.00 on July 31, 2014, ₩1,013.6 to US$1.00 on August 29, 2014, ₩1,050.6 to US$1.00 on September 30, 2014, ₩1,054.0 to US$1.00 on October 31, 2014, ₩1,101.1 to US$1.00 on November 28, 2014, ₩1,099.2 to US$1.00 on December 31, 2014, ₩1,090.8 to US$1.00 on January 30, 2015 and ₩1,098.7 to US$1.00 on February 17, 2015.

Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade

Balance of Payments

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a current account surplus of approximately US$89.4 billion in 2014. The current account surplus in 2014 increased from the current account surplus of US$81.2 billion in 2013, primarily due to an increase in surplus from the goods account which more than offset an increase in deficit from the services account.

 

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Trade Balance

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$47.5 billion in 2014. Exports increased by 2.4% to US$573.1 billion and imports increased by 1.9% to US$525.6 billion from US$559.6 billion of exports and US$515.6 billion of imports, respectively, in 2013.

Foreign Currency Reserves

The amount of the Government’s foreign currency reserve was US$363.6 billion as of December 31, 2014 and US$362.2 billion as of January 30, 2015.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

The following is a description of some of the terms of the Notes we are offering. Since it is only a summary, we urge you to read the fiscal agency agreement described below and the form of global note before deciding whether to invest in the Notes. We have filed a copy of these documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to the registration statement no. 333-180273.

The general terms of our Notes are described in the accompanying prospectus. The description in this prospectus supplement further adds to that description or, to the extent inconsistent with that description, replaces it.

Governed by Fiscal Agency Agreement

We will issue the Notes under the fiscal agency agreement, dated as of August 1, 1991, between us and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly known as The Bank of New York) (as successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.), as fiscal agent, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Fiscal Agency Agreement”). The fiscal agent will maintain a register for the Notes.

Payment of Principal and Interest

The Notes are initially limited to US$                 aggregate principal amount. The Notes will mature on                 , 20         (the “Maturity Date”). The Notes will bear interest for each Interest Period (as defined below) at the rate equal to Three-Month USD LIBOR plus                 % per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on                 ,                 ,                  and                  of each year and on the Maturity Date (each an “Interest Payment Date”). The first interest payment on the Notes will be made on                 , 2015 in respect of the period from (and including)                 , 2015 to (but excluding)                 , 2015. Interest on the Notes will accrue from                 , 2015. If any Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date falls on a day that is not a business day (as defined below), then payment will not be made on such date but will be made on the next succeeding day that is a business day (except that if such next business day is in the next calendar month, then that Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date will be the immediately preceding day that is a business day), with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date (as the case may be). The term “business day” as used herein means a day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, or any other day on which banking institutions in The City of New York, London or Seoul are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed.

We will pay interest to the person who is registered as the owner of a Note at the close of business on the fifteenth day (whether or not a business day) preceding an Interest Payment Date for such Note. Interest on the Notes will be computed on the basis of the actual number of days in the applicable Interest Period (as defined herein) divided by 360. We will make principal and interest payments on the Notes in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars.

The term “Three-Month USD LIBOR” means, with respect to any Interest Determination Date (as defined below):

 

  (a) the rate for three-month deposits in United States dollars commencing on the second London Banking Day (as defined below) succeeding the Interest Determination Date, that appears on the Reuters Page LIBOR01 (as defined below) as of 11:00 a.m., London time, on the Interest Determination Date; or

 

  (b) if no rate appears on the particular Interest Determination Date on the Reuters Page LIBOR01, the rate calculated by the Calculation Agent (as defined below) as the arithmetic mean of at least two offered quotations obtained by the Calculation Agent after requesting the principal London offices of each of four major reference banks in the London interbank market to provide the Calculation Agent with its offered quotation for deposits in United States dollars for the period of three months, commencing on the second London Banking Day (as defined below) succeeding the Interest Determination Date, to prime banks in the London interbank market at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, on that Interest Determination Date and in a principal amount that is representative for a single transaction in United States dollars in that market at that time; or

 

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  (c) if fewer than two offered quotations referred to in clause (b) are provided as requested, the rate calculated by the Calculation Agent as the arithmetic mean of the rates quoted at approximately 11:00 a.m., New York time, on the particular Interest Determination Date by three major banks in The City of New York selected by the Calculation Agent for loans in United States dollars to leading European banks for a period of three months commencing on the second London Banking Day succeeding the Interest Determination Date, and in a principal amount that is representative for a single transaction in United States dollars in that market at that time; or

 

  (d) if the banks so selected by the Calculation Agent are not quoting as mentioned in clause (c), Three-Month USD LIBOR in effect immediately prior to the particular Interest Determination Date.

“Reuters Page LIBOR01” means the display on Reuters (or any successor service) on such page (or any other page as may replace such page on such service) or such other service or services as may be nominated by the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited or any successor thereof as the information vendor for the purpose of displaying the London interbank rates of major banks for United States dollars.

“London Banking Day” means a day on which commercial banks are open for business, including dealings in United States dollars, in London, England.

“Interest Determination Date” for any Interest Period will be the second London Banking Day preceding the first day of such Interest Period.

“Interest Period” refers to the period from and including             , 2015 to but excluding the first Interest Payment Date and each successive period from and including an Interest Payment Date to but excluding the next Interest Payment Date.

The Bank of New York Mellon will serve as the “Calculation Agent” for the Notes. In the absence of willful default, bad faith or manifest error, the Calculation Agent’s determination of Three-Month USD LIBOR and its calculation of the applicable interest rate for each Interest Period will be final and binding. The Calculation Agent will make available the interest rates for current and preceding Interest Periods by delivery of such notice through such medium as is available to participants in DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream, or any successor thereof, and in accordance with such applicable rules and procedures as long as the Notes are held in global form. In the event that the Notes are held in certificated form, the interest rates for current and preceding Interest Periods will be published in the manner described below under “—Notices”. We have the right to replace the Calculation Agent with the London office of another leading commercial bank or investment bank in New York or London. If the appointed office of the Calculation Agent is unable or unwilling to continue to act as the Calculation Agent or fails to determine the interest rate for any Interest Period, we have a duty to appoint the London office of such other leading commercial bank or investment bank in New York or London as may be approved in writing by the fiscal agent.

Denomination

The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of US$200,000 principal amount and integral multiples of US$1,000 in excess thereof.

Redemption

We may not redeem the Notes prior to maturity. At maturity, we will redeem the Notes at par.

Form and Registration

We will issue each series of the Notes in the form of one or more fully registered global notes, registered in the name of a nominee of and deposited with the custodian for DTC. Except as described in the accompanying

 

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prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Description of Debt Securities—Global Securities,” the global notes will not be exchangeable for Notes in definitive registered form, and will not be issued in definitive registered form. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in DTC, will represent your beneficial interests in the global notes. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interest through book-entry accounts. You may hold your beneficial interests in the Notes through Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. (“Euroclear”) or Clearstream Banking, société anonyme (“Clearstream”) if you are a participant in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Any secondary market trading of book-entry interests in the Notes will take place through DTC participants, including Euroclear and Clearstream. See “Clearance and Settlement—Transfers Within and Between DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream.”

The fiscal agent will not charge you any fees for the Notes, other than reasonable fees for the replacement of lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed Notes. However, you may incur fees for the maintenance and operation of the book-entry accounts with the clearing systems in which your beneficial interests are held.

Further Issues

We may from time to time, without the consent of the holders of the Notes, create and issue additional debt securities with the same terms and conditions as either series of the Notes in all respects so that such further issue shall be consolidated and form a single series with the relevant series of the Notes. We will not issue any such additional debt securities unless such additional securities have no more than a de minimis amount of original issue discount or such issuance would constitute a “qualified reopening” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Notices

While the Notes are represented by the global note deposited with the custodian for DTC, notices to holders may be given by delivery to DTC, and such notices will be deemed to be given on the date of delivery to DTC. The fiscal agent may also mail notices by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to each registered holder’s last known address as it appears in the security register that the fiscal agent maintains. The fiscal agent will only mail these notices to the registered holder of the Notes. You will not receive notices regarding the Notes directly from us unless we reissue the Notes to you in fully certificated form.

Neither the failure to give any notice to a particular holder, nor any defect in a notice given to a particular holder, will affect the sufficiency of any notice given to another holder.

 

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CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT

We have obtained the information in this section from sources we believe to be reliable, including DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream. We accept responsibility only for accurately extracting information from such sources. DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream are under no obligation to perform or continue to perform the procedures described below, and they may modify or discontinue them at any time. Neither we nor the registrar will be responsible for DTC’s, Euroclear’s or Clearstream’s performance of their obligations under their rules and procedures. Nor will we or the registrar be responsible for the performance by direct or indirect participants of their obligations under their rules and procedures.

Introduction

The Depository Trust Company

DTC is:

 

   

a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;

 

   

a “banking organization” under the New York Banking Law;

 

   

a member of the Federal Reserve System;

 

   

a “clearing corporation” under the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and

 

   

a “clearing agency” registered under Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between its participants. It does this through electronic book-entry changes in the accounts of its direct participants, eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC is owned by a number of its direct participants and by the New York Stock Exchange Inc., the American Stock Exchange, Inc. and the National Association of Securities Dealers Inc.

Euroclear and Clearstream

Like DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream hold securities for their participants and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between their participants through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts. Euroclear and Clearstream provide various services to their participants, including the safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement and lending and borrowing of internationally traded securities. Participants in Euroclear and Clearstream are financial institutions such as underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies. The underwriter participating in this offering is a participant in Euroclear or Clearstream. Other banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies have indirect access to Euroclear or Clearstream by clearing through or maintaining a custodial relationship with a Euroclear or Clearstream participant.

Ownership of Notes through DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream

We will issue each series of the Notes in the form of one or more fully registered global notes, registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in DTC, will represent your beneficial interests in the Notes. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interests through book-entry accounts. You may also hold your beneficial interests in the Notes through Euroclear or Clearstream, if you are a participant in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Euroclear and Clearstream will hold their participants’ beneficial interests in the global notes in their customers’ securities accounts with their depositaries. These depositaries of Euroclear and Clearstream in turn will hold such interests in their customers’ securities accounts with DTC.

 

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We and the fiscal agent generally will treat the registered holder of the Notes, initially Cede & Co., as the absolute owner of the Notes for all purposes. Once we and the fiscal agent make payments to the registered holder, we and the fiscal agent will no longer be liable on the Notes for the amounts so paid. Accordingly, if you own a beneficial interest in the global notes, you must rely on the procedures of the institutions through which you hold your interests in the Notes, including DTC, Euroclear, Clearstream and their respective participants, to exercise any of the rights granted to holders of Notes. Under existing industry practice, if you desire to take any action that Cede & Co., as the holder of the global notes, is entitled to take, then Cede & Co. would authorize the DTC participant through which you own your beneficial interest to take such action. The participant would then either authorize you to take the action or act for you on your instructions.

DTC may grant proxies or authorize its participants, or persons holding beneficial interests in the Notes through such participants, to exercise any rights of a holder or take any actions that a holder is entitled to take under the fiscal agency agreement or the Notes. Euroclear’s or Clearstream’s ability to take actions as holder under the Notes or the fiscal agency agreement will be limited by the ability of their respective depositaries to carry out such actions for them through DTC. Euroclear and Clearstream will take such actions only in accordance with their respective rules and procedures.

Transfers Within and Between DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream

Trading Between DTC Purchasers and Sellers

DTC participants will transfer interests in the Notes among themselves in the ordinary way according to DTC rules. Participants will pay for such transfers by wire transfer. The laws of some states require certain purchasers of securities to take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to transfer beneficial interests in the global notes to such purchasers. DTC can act only on behalf of its direct participants, who in turn act on behalf of indirect participants and certain banks. Thus, your ability to pledge a beneficial interest in the global notes to persons that do not participate in the DTC system, and to take other actions, may be limited because you will not possess a physical certificate that represents your interest.

Trading Between Euroclear and/or Clearstream Participants

Participants in Euroclear and Clearstream will transfer interests in the Notes among themselves according to the rules and operating procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream.

Trading Between a DTC Seller and a Euroclear or Clearstream Purchaser

When the Notes are to be transferred from the account of a DTC participant to the account of a Euroclear or Clearstream participant, the purchaser must first send instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream through a participant at least one business day prior to the settlement date. Euroclear or Clearstream will then instruct its depositary to receive the Notes and make payment for them. On the settlement date, the depositary will make payment to the DTC participant’s account and the Notes will be credited to the depositary’s account. After settlement has been completed, DTC will credit the Notes to Euroclear or Clearstream, Euroclear or Clearstream will credit the Notes, in accordance with its usual procedures, to the participant’s account, and the participant will then credit the purchaser’s account. These securities credits will appear the next day (European time) after the settlement date. The cash debit from the account of Euroclear or Clearstream will be back-valued to the value date, which will be the preceding day if settlement occurs in New York. If settlement is not completed on the intended value date (i.e., the trade fails), the cash debit will instead be valued at the actual settlement date.

Participants in Euroclear and Clearstream will need to make funds available to Euroclear or Clearstream to pay for the Notes by wire transfer on the value date. The most direct way of doing this is to pre-position funds (i.e., have funds in place at Euroclear or Clearstream before the value date), either from cash on hand or existing lines of credit. Under this approach, however, participants may take on credit exposure to Euroclear and Clearstream until the Notes are credited to their accounts one day later.

 

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As an alternative, if Euroclear or Clearstream has extended a line of credit to a participant, the participant may decide not to pre-position funds, but to allow Euroclear or Clearstream to draw on the line of credit to finance settlement for the Notes. Under this procedure, Euroclear or Clearstream would charge the participant overdraft charges for one day, assuming that the overdraft would be cleared when the Notes were credited to the participant’s account. However, interest on the Notes would accrue from the value date. Therefore, in many cases the interest income on Notes which the participant earns during that one-day period will substantially reduce or offset the amount of the participant’s overdraft charges. Of course, this result will depend on the cost of funds (i.e., the interest rate that Euroclear or Clearstream charges) to each participant.

Since the settlement will occur during New York business hours, a DTC participant selling an interest in the Notes can use its usual procedures for transferring global securities to the depositories of Euroclear or Clearstream for the benefit of Euroclear or Clearstream participants. The DTC seller will receive the sale proceeds on the settlement date. Thus, to the DTC seller, a cross-market sale will settle no differently than a trade between two DTC participants.

Finally, day traders who use Euroclear or Clearstream and who purchase Notes from DTC participants for credit to Euroclear participants or Clearstream participants should note that these trades will automatically fail unless one of three steps is taken:

 

   

borrowing through Euroclear or Clearstream for one day, until the purchase side of the day trade is reflected in the day trader’s Euroclear or Clearstream account, in accordance with the clearing system’s customary procedures;

 

   

borrowing the Notes in the United States from DTC participants no later than one day prior to settlement, which would allow sufficient time for the Notes to be reflected in the Euroclear or Clearstream account in order to settle the sale side of the trade; or

 

   

staggering the value dates for the buy and sell sides of the trade so that the value date for the purchase from the DTC participant is at least one day prior to the value date for the sale to the Euroclear or Clearstream participant.

Trading Between a Euroclear or Clearstream Seller and a DTC Purchaser

Due to time-zone differences in their favor, Euroclear and Clearstream participants can use their usual procedures to transfer Notes through their depositaries to a DTC participant. The seller must first send instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream through a participant at least one business day prior to the settlement date. Euroclear or Clearstream will then instruct its depositary to credit the Notes to the DTC participant’s account and receive payment. The payment will be credited in the account of the Euroclear or Clearstream participant on the following day, but the receipt of the cash proceeds will be back-valued to the value date, which will be the preceding day if settlement occurs in New York. If settlement is not completed on the intended value date (i.e., the trade fails), the receipt of the cash proceeds will instead be valued at the actual settlement date.

If the Euroclear or Clearstream participant selling the Notes has a line of credit with Euroclear or Clearstream and elects to be in debit for the Notes until it receives the sale proceeds in its account, then the back-valuation may substantially reduce or offset any overdraft charges that the participant incurs over that period.

Settlement in other currencies between DTC and Euroclear and Clearstream is possible using free-of-payment transfers to move the Notes, but funds movement will take place separately.

 

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TAXATION

Korean Taxation

Tax on Interest Payments

Interest on “foreign currency denominated bonds” paid to non-residents (excluding Korean permanent establishments of non-residents) is exempt from income tax and corporation tax (whether payable by withholding or otherwise) pursuant to the Special Tax Treatment Control Law (the “STTCL”). With respect to foreign currency denominated bonds issued after January 1, 2012, interest is tax-exempt only if such bonds are issued outside Korea. The term “foreign currency denominated bonds” in this context is not defined under the STTCL.

If not exempt under the STTCL, the rate of income tax or corporation tax applicable to the interest on the Notes, for you, is currently 14%. In addition, a tax surcharge, called a local income surtax, is imposed at the rate of 10% of the income or corporation tax (raising the total tax rate to 15.4%).

The tax rates may be reduced by applicable tax treaty, convention or agreement between Korea and the country of the recipient of the interest. In order to obtain a reduction or exemption of withholding tax under an applicable tax treaty with respect to any income to which a Korean withholding tax applies, a non-resident should submit either an application for tax exemption or an application for treaty-reduced tax rates to either the payer or the entity obligated to withhold such tax prior to the date upon which such income is to be paid to the non-resident. The relevant tax treaties are discussed under “Taxation—Korean Taxation—Tax Treaties” in the accompanying prospectus.

Tax on Capital Gains

You will not be subject to any Korean income or withholding taxes in connection with the sale, exchange or other disposition of the Notes, provided that the disposition does not involve a transfer of the Notes to a resident of Korea (or the Korean permanent establishment of a non-resident). In addition, the STTCL exempts you from Korean taxation on any capital gains that you earn from the transfer of the Notes outside of Korea, provided that the issuance of the Notes is deemed to be an overseas issuance. If you sell or otherwise dispose of the Notes to a Korean resident or the Korean permanent establishment of a non-resident or such disposition and sale is made within Korea, any gain realized on the transaction will be taxable at ordinary Korean withholding tax rates at the lower of 22% (including local income surtax) of net gain (subject to the production of satisfactory evidence of the acquisition costs and certain direct transaction costs) or 11% (including local income surtax) of gross sale proceeds with respect to transactions, unless an exemption is available under an applicable income tax treaty. For example, if you are a resident of the United States for the purposes of the income tax treaty currently in force between Korea and the United States, you are generally entitled to an exemption from Korean taxation in respect of any gain realized on a disposition of the Notes, regardless of whether the disposition is to a Korean resident. In order to obtain a reduction or exemption of withholding tax under an applicable tax treaty with respect to any income to which a Korean withholding tax applies, a non-resident should submit either an application for tax exemption or an application for treaty-reduced tax rates to either the payer or the entity obligated to withhold such tax prior to the date upon which such income is to be paid to the non-resident. For more information regarding tax treaties, see “Taxation—Korean Taxation—Tax Treaties” in the accompanying prospectus.

With respect to computing the above-mentioned 22% withholding taxes on net gain, please note that there is no provision under relevant Korean law for offsetting gains and losses or otherwise aggregating transactions for the purpose of computing the net gain attributable to sales of the Notes. The purchaser of the Notes or, in the case of the sale of the Notes through a securities company in Korea, the securities company through which such sale is

 

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effected, is required under Korean law to withhold the applicable amount of Korean tax and make payment thereof to the relevant Korean tax authority. Unless you, as the seller, can claim the benefit of an exemption or a reduced rate of tax under an applicable tax treaty or in the absence of producing satisfactory evidence of your acquisition cost and certain direct transaction cost in relation to the Notes being sold, the purchaser or the securities company, as applicable, must withhold an amount equal to 11% of the gross sale proceeds. Any withheld tax must be paid no later than the tenth day of the month following the month in which the payment for the purchase of the relevant Notes occurred. Failure to timely transmit the withheld tax to the Korean tax authorities technically subjects the purchaser or the securities company to penalties under Korean tax laws.

United States Tax Considerations

Stated interest on the Notes will be treated as qualified stated interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under certain circumstances as described under “Taxation—Korean Taxation” in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, a U.S. holder may be subject to Korean withholding tax upon the sale or other disposition of Notes. A U.S. holder eligible for benefits of the Korea-U.S. tax treaty, which exempts capital gains from tax in Korea, would not be eligible to credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability any such Korean tax withheld. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisers with respect to their eligibility for benefits under the Korea-U.S. tax treaty and, in the case of U.S. holders that are not eligible for treaty benefits, their ability to credit any Korean tax withheld upon sale of the Notes against their U.S. federal income tax liability. For a discussion of additional U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in the Notes and are a U.S. holder, see “Taxation—United States Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus.

 

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UNDERWRITING

We and the underwriter named below (the “Underwriter”) have entered into a Terms Agreement dated                 , 2015 (the “Terms Agreement”) with respect to the Notes relating to the Underwriting Agreement—Standard Terms (together with the Terms Agreement, the “Underwriting Agreement”) filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement, we have agreed to sell to the Underwriter, and the Underwriter has agreed to purchase, the following principal amount of the Notes set out opposite its name below:

 

Name of the Underwriter

   Principal Amount of
the Notes
 

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

   US$                    

Under the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, if the Underwriter takes any Notes of a series, then the Underwriter is obligated to take and pay for all of the Notes of such series.

The Underwriter initially proposes to offer the Notes directly to the public at the offering price described on the cover page. After the initial offering of the Notes, the Underwriter may from time to time vary the offering price and other selling terms.

If a jurisdiction requires that the offering be made by a licensed broker or dealer and the Underwriter or any affiliate of the Underwriter is a licensed broker or dealer in that jurisdiction, the offering shall be deemed to be made by that Underwriter or its affiliates on behalf of us in such jurisdiction.

The Notes are a new class of securities with no established trading market. The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. The Underwriter has advised us that it intends to make a market in the Notes. However, it is not obligated to do so and it may discontinue any market making activities with respect to the Notes at any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you as to the liquidity of any trading market for the Notes.

We have agreed to indemnify the Underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments which the Underwriter may be required to make in respect of any such liabilities.

In connection with this offering, Credit Suisse Securities USA LLC (the “Stabilizing Manager”) or any person acting on its behalf may purchase and sell the Notes in the open market. These transactions may include over-allotment, covering transactions and stabilizing transactions. Over-allotment involves sales of the Notes in excess of the principal amount of the Notes to be purchased by the Underwriter in this offering, which creates a short position for the Underwriter. Covering transactions involve purchases of the Notes in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover short positions. Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases of the Notes made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Notes while the offering is in progress. Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Notes. They may also cause the price of the Notes to be higher than the price that otherwise would exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The Stabilizing Manager may conduct these transactions in the over-the-counter market or otherwise. If the Stabilizing Manager commences any of these transactions, it may discontinue them at any time, and must discontinue them after a limited period.

The amount of net proceeds from the Notes is US$                 after deducting underwriting discounts but not estimated expenses. Expenses associated with the Notes offering are estimated to be US$                . The Underwriter has agreed to pay certain of our expenses incurred in connection with the offering of the Notes.

 

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Relationship with the Underwriter

The Underwriter and certain of its affiliates may have performed certain commercial banking, investment banking and advisory services for us and/or our affiliates from time to time for which they have received customary fees and expenses and may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for us and/or our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business.

The Underwriter or certain of its affiliates may purchase Notes and be allocated Notes for asset management and/or proprietary purposes but not with a view to distribution. The Underwriter or its affiliates may purchase Notes for its or their own account and enter into transactions, including credit derivatives, such as asset swaps, repackaging and credit default swaps relating to Notes and/or other securities of us or our subsidiaries or affiliates at the same time as the offer and sale of Notes or in secondary market transactions. Such transactions would be carried out as bilateral trades with selected counterparties and separately from any existing sale or resale of Notes to which this prospectus supplement relates (notwithstanding that such selected counterparties may also be purchasers of Notes).

Delivery of the Notes

We expect to make delivery of the Notes, against payment in same-day funds on or about                 , 2015, which we expect will be the                  business day following the date of this prospectus supplement. Under Rule 15c6-l promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, U.S. purchasers are generally required to settle trades in the secondary market in three business days, unless they and the other parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if you wish to trade in the Notes on the date of this prospectus supplement, because the Notes will initially settle in T+        , you may be required to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of your trade to prevent a failed settlement. Purchasers in other countries should consult with their own advisors.

Selling Restrictions

The Underwriter has agreed to the following selling restrictions in connection with the offering with respect to the following jurisdictions:

Korea

The Underwriter has represented and agreed that (i) it has not offered, sold or delivered and will not offer, sell or deliver, directly or indirectly, any Notes in Korea or to, or for the account or benefit of, any resident of Korea, except as permitted by applicable Korean laws and regulations; and (ii) any securities dealer to whom it sells Notes will agree that it will not offer any Notes, directly or indirectly, in Korea or to any resident of Korea, except as permitted by applicable Korean laws and regulations, or to any dealer who does not so represent and agree.

United Kingdom

The Underwriter has represented and agreed that (i) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) received by it in connection with the

 

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issue or sale of any of the Notes in circumstances in which section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and (ii) it has complied, and will comply with, all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the Notes, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

Japan

The Underwriter has represented and agreed that the Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948, as amended); it will not offer or sell, directly or indirectly, any of the Notes in Japan or to, or for the account or benefit of, any resident of Japan or to, or for the account or benefit of, any resident for reoffering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the account or benefit of, any resident of Japan except (i) pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, or otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948, as amended) and (ii) in compliance with the other relevant laws and regulations of Japan.

Hong Kong

The Underwriter has represented and agreed that:

 

   

it has not offered or sold and will not offer or sell in Hong Kong, by means of any document, any Notes other than (i) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made under that Ordinance; or (ii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32 of the Laws of Hong Kong) or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance; and

 

   

it has not issued or had in its possession for the purposes of issue, and will not issue or have in its possession for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, any advertisement, invitation or document relating to the Notes, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to Notes which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made under that Ordinance.

Singapore

The Underwriter has represented and agreed that this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus have not been and will not be registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore under the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289 of Singapore) (the “SFA”).

Accordingly, the Underwriter represents, warrants and agrees that it has not offered or sold any Notes or caused the Notes to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase and will not offer or sell any Notes or cause the Notes to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and has not circulated or distributed, nor will it circulate or distribute, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the Notes, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA, (ii) to a relevant person pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

The Underwriter further has represented and agreed to notify (whether through the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or otherwise) each of the following relevant persons specified in Section 275 of the SFA which has subscribed or purchased Notes from or through that Underwriter, namely a person which is:

(a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

 

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(b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,

that securities (as defined in Section 239(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest in that trust shall not be transferable for 6 months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the Notes pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

(1) to an institutional investor or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA, or any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) or Section 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA;

(2) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;

(3) where the transfer is by operation of law;

(4) as specified in section 276(7) of the SFA; or

(5) as specified in Regulation 32 of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Shares and Debentures) Regulations 2005 of Singapore.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the Notes is being passed upon for us by Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, New York, New York, and by Kim & Chang, Seoul, Korea. Certain legal matters will also be passed upon for the Underwriter by Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York, New York. In giving their opinions, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP and Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP may rely as to matters of Korean law upon the opinion of Kim & Chang.

OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND DOCUMENTS

Our Chairman and President, in his official capacity, has supplied the information set forth in this prospectus supplement under “Recent Developments—The Export-Import Bank of Korea.” Such information is stated on his authority. The documents identified in the portion of this prospectus supplement captioned “Recent Developments—The Republic of Korea” as the sources of financial or statistical data are derived from official public documents of the Republic and of its agencies and instrumentalities.

GENERAL INFORMATION

We were established in 1976 as a special governmental financial institution pursuant to the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act, as amended. Our corporate registry number is 111235-0000158. Our authorized share capital is ₩15,000 billion. As of December 31, 2014, our paid-in capital was ₩7,748 billion.

Our board of directors can be reached at the address of our registered office: c/o 16-1, Youido-dong, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-996, The Republic of Korea.

The issue of the Notes has been authorized by our Chairman and President on February 17, 2015. On February 23, 2015, we filed our report on the proposed issuance of the Notes with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance of Korea.

The registration statement with respect to us and the Notes has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Additional information concerning us and the Notes is contained in the registration statement and post-effective amendments to such registration statement, including their various exhibits, which may be inspected at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at Room 1580, 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, United States.

The Notes have been accepted for clearance through DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream:

 

CUSIP

 

ISIN

 

COMMON CODE

   
   

 

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PROSPECTUS

 

LOGO

$5,000,000,000

The Export-Import Bank of Korea

Debt Securities

Warrants to Purchase Debt Securities

The Republic of Korea

Guarantees

 

 

We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

This prospectus is dated August 1, 2014


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

Certain Defined Terms and Conventions

     1   

Use of Proceeds

     2   

The Export-Import Bank of Korea

     3   

Overview

     3   

Capitalization

     4   

Business

     5   

Selected Financial Statement Data

     7   

Operations

     9   

Description of Assets and Liabilities

     14   

Debt

     23   

Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management

     25   

Capital Adequacy

     26   

Overseas Operations

     27   

Property

     27   

Management and Employees

     28   

Tables and Supplementary Information

     30   

Financial Statements and the Auditors

     38   

The Republic of Korea

     161   

Land and History

     161   

Government and Politics

     163   

The Economy

     167   

Principal Sectors of the Economy

     175   

The Financial System

     182   

Monetary Policy

     188   

Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade

     191   

Government Finance

     199   

Debt

     201   

Tables and Supplementary Information

     203   

Description of the Securities

     208   

Description of Debt Securities

     208   

Description of Warrants

     214   

Terms Applicable to Debt Securities and Warrants

     215   

Description of Guarantees

     216   

Limitations on Issuance of Bearer Debt Securities and Bearer Warrants

     217   

Taxation

     218   

Korean Taxation

     218   

United States Tax Considerations

     220   

Plan of Distribution

     227   

Legal Matters

     228   

Authorized Representatives in the United States

     228   

Official Statements and Documents

     228   

Experts

     228   

Forward-Looking Statements

     229   

Further Information

     231   


Table of Contents

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

All references to the “Bank”, “we”, “our” or “us” mean The Export-Import Bank of Korea. All references to “Korea” or the “Republic” contained in this prospectus mean The Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” mean the government of Korea.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “won”, “Won” or “₩” contained in this prospectus are to the currency of Korea, references to “U.S. dollars”, “Dollars”, “USD”, “$” or “US$” are to the currency of the United States of America, references to “Euro”, “EUR” or “€” are to the currency of the European Union, references to “Japanese Yen”, “JPY” or “¥” are to the currency of Japan, references to “Chinese Renminbi” or “CNY” are to the currency of the People’s Republic of China, references to “Swiss franc” or “CHF” are to the currency of Switzerland, references to “pound sterling” or “GBP” are to the currency of the United Kingdom, references to “Hong Kong dollar” or “HKD” are to the currency of Hong Kong, S.A.R., references to “Singapore dollar” or “SGD” are to the currency of Singapore, references to “Turkish Lira” or “TRY” are to the currency of Turkey, references to “Malaysia Ringgit” or “MYR” are to the currency of Malaysia, references to “Brazilian Real” or “BRL” are to the currency of Federative Republic of Brazil, references to “Mexican Peso” or “MXN” are to the currency of the United Mexican States, references to “New Zealand Dollar” or “NZD” are to the currency of New Zealand, references to “Taiwan Dollar” or “TWD” are to the currency of Taiwan, references to “Thai Baht” or “THB” are to the currency of Thailand, references to “Australian dollar” or “AUD” are to the currency of Australia, references to “Indian Rupee” or “INR” are to the currency of India, references to “Indonesian Rupiah” or “IDR” are to the currency of Indonesia, references to “Philippine Peso” or “PHP” are to the currency of the Republic of the Philippines, references to “Saudi Riyal” or “SR” are to the currency of Saudi Arabia, references to “Russian Ruble” or “RUB” are to the currency of the Russian Federation, references to “Swedish Krona” or “SEK” are to the currency of Sweden, references to “South African Rand” or “ZAR” are to the currency of South Africa, references to “Danish Krone” or “DKK” are to the currency of Denmark and references to “Peruvian nuevo sol” or “PEN” are to the currency of Peru.

In this prospectus, where information has been prepared in thousands, millions or billions of units, amounts may have been rounded up or down. Accordingly, actual numbers may differ from those contained herein due to rounding. All discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

Prior to 2013, we prepared our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Korea (“Korean GAAP” or “K-GAAP”). Commencing in 2013, we prepare our financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in Korea (“Korean IFRS” or “K-IFRS”) and our separate financial information as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 included in this prospectus has been prepared in accordance with Korean IFRS, which differs in certain significant respects from Korean GAAP. Note 39 of the notes to our separate financial statements as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 included in this prospectus provides a description of the effects of the conversion from Korean GAAP to Korean IFRS. References in this prospectus to “separate” financial statements and information are to financial statements and information prepared on a non-consolidated basis. Unless specified otherwise, our financial and other information included in this prospectus is presented on a separate basis in accordance with Korean IFRS and does not include such information with respect to our subsidiaries.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities for our general operations.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

Overview

We were established in 1976 as a special governmental financial institution pursuant to the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act, as amended (the “KEXIM Act”). Since our establishment, we have been promoting the export and competitiveness of Korean goods and services in international markets. To this end, we have introduced financing facilities and implemented lending policies that are responsive to the needs of Korean exporters.

Our primary purpose, as stated in the KEXIM Act, is to “promote the sound development of the national economy and economic cooperation with foreign countries by extending the financial aid required for export and import transactions, overseas investment and the development of natural resources abroad.” Over the years, we have developed various financing facilities and lending policies that are consistent with the Government’s overall economic policies. In the latter part of the 1980s, as a result of changing trade conditions and the increased internationalization of the Korean economy, overseas investment credits and import credits were promoted and began to constitute an important portion of our business. In recent years, we have focused on the development of new financing facilities, including structured financing for ships and project financing for the construction of industrial plants and the development of natural resources abroad.

As of December 31, 2013, we had ₩53,809 billion of outstanding loans, including ₩28,664 billion of outstanding export credits, ₩18,393 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and ₩2,203 billion of outstanding import credits, as compared to ₩47,798 billion of outstanding loans, including ₩25,303 billion of outstanding export credits, ₩16,943 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and ₩2,474 billion of outstanding import credits as of December 31, 2012.

Although our management has control of our day-to-day operations, our operations are subject to the close supervision of the Government. The Government’s determination each fiscal year regarding the amount of financial support to extend to us, in the form of contributions to capital or transfers of our income to reserves, plays an important role in determining our lending capacity. The Government has the power to appoint or dismiss our President, Deputy President, Executive Directors and Auditor. Moreover, the Minister of Strategy and Finance (formerly the Minister of Finance and Economy) of the Republic has, on behalf of the Republic, signed the registration statement of which this Prospectus forms a part.

The Government supports our operations pursuant to Article 37 of the KEXIM Act. Article 37 of the KEXIM Act provides that “the annual net losses of the Export-Import Bank of Korea shall be offset each year by the reserve, and if the reserve be insufficient, the Government shall provide funds to cover the deficit.” As a result of the KEXIM Act, the Government is generally responsible for our operations and is legally obligated to replenish any deficit that arises if our reserves, consisting of our surplus and capital surplus items, are insufficient to cover any of our annual net losses. In light of the above, if we have insufficient funds to make any payment under any of our obligations, including the debt securities covered by this prospectus, the Government would take appropriate steps, such as by making a capital contribution, by allocating funds or by taking other action, to enable us to make such payment when due. The provisions of Article 37 do not, however, constitute a direct guarantee by the Government of our obligations, and the provisions of the KEXIM Act, including Article 37, may be amended at any time by action of the National Assembly.

In January 2014, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to:

 

   

increase our authorized capital from ₩8,000 billion to ₩15,000 billion;

 

   

expand our operation scope that enables us, among other things, to invest in (i) funds intended to support export and import transactions by small and medium-sized enterprises and (ii) special purpose companies that carry out value added overseas development projects in a flexible way; and

 

   

reduce restrictions on our financing and investment activities by providing additional flexibility to us to cope with changes in market conditions.

 

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Capitalization

As of December 31, 2013, our authorized capital was ₩8,000 billion and capitalization was as follows:

 

     December 31, 2013  (1)  
     (billions of Won)  

Long-Term Debt (2)(3)(4)(5):

  

Borrowings in Korean Won

   —     

Borrowings in Foreign Currencies

     1,575   

Export-Import Financing Debentures

     27,492   
  

 

 

 

Total Long-term Debt

   29,067   
  

 

 

 

Capital and Reserves:

  

Paid-in Capital (6)

   7,238   

Retained Earnings (7)

     1,954   

Accumulated Legal Reserve (8)

     314   

Accumulated Voluntary Reserve (8)

     1,068   

Retained Earnings before appropriation

     572   

Other Reserves (9)

     58   
  

 

 

 

Total Capital and Reserve

   9,250   
  

 

 

 

Total Capitalization (8)

   38,317   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) In January 2014, the Government increased our authorized capital from ₩8,000 billion to ₩15,000 billion and as of March 31, 2014, our authorized capital was ₩15,000 billion. Except as described in this prospectus, there has been no material adverse change in our capitalization since December 31, 2013.
(2) We have translated borrowings in foreign currencies as of December 31, 2013 into Won at the rate of ₩1,055.3 to US$1.00, which was the market average exchange rate as announced by the Seoul Monetary Brokerage Services Ltd., on December 31, 2013.
(3) As of December 31, 2013, we had contingent liabilities totaling ₩53,696 billion, which consisted of ₩41,586 billion under outstanding guarantees and acceptances and ₩12,110 billion under contingent guarantees and acceptances issued on behalf of our clients. For further information relating to our contingent liabilities under outstanding guarantees as of December 31, 2013, see “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 37”.
(4) As of December 31, 2013, we had entered into 146 interest rate related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩14,267 billion and 258 currency related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩16,589 billion in accordance with our policy to hedge interest rate and currency risks. See “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 20”.
(5) See “Sources of Funding” for an explanation of these sources of funds. All our borrowings, whether domestic or international, are unsecured and unguaranteed.
(6) As of December 31, 2013, our authorized ordinary share capital is ₩8,000 billion and issued fully-paid ordinary share capital is ₩7,238 billion. In January 2014, the Government increased our authorized ordinary share capital to ₩15,000 billion. In January 2014, the Government contributed to our capital ₩130 billion in cash and as of March 31, 2014, our total paid-in capital was ₩7,368 billion. See “Government Support and Supervision.”
(7) Includes regulatory reserve for bad loans of ₩515 billion as of December 31, 2013. If our provision for bad loans is deemed insufficient for regulatory purposes, we compensate for the difference by recording a regulatory reserve for bad loans, which is shown as a separate item included in retained earnings.
(8) See “Government Support and Supervision” for a description of the manner in which annual net income is transferred to the legal reserve and may be transferred to the voluntary reserve.
(9) See “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 22”.

 

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Business

Purpose and Authority

We were established in 1976 as a special governmental financial institution pursuant to the KEXIM Act. The KEXIM Act, the Enforcement Decree of the KEXIM Act (the “KEXIM Decree”) and our Articles of Incorporation (the “By-laws”) define and regulate our powers and authority. We are treated as a special juridical entity under Korean law and are not subject to certain of the laws regulating activities of commercial banks.

We were established, as stated in the KEXIM Act, to “promote the sound development of the national economy and economic cooperation with foreign countries by extending the financial aid required for export and import transactions, overseas investment and the development of natural resources abroad.” As an instrument in serving the Government’s public policy objectives, we do not seek to maximize our profits. We do, however, strive to maintain an adequate level of profitability to strengthen our equity base in order to support the growth in the volume of our business.

Our primary purpose has been the provision of loans and guarantees to facilitate Korean companies’ exports and overseas investments and projects. Most of our activities have been carried out pursuant to this authority.

We have the authority to undertake a range of financial activities. These fall into four principal categories:

 

   

export credits;

 

   

overseas investment credits;

 

   

import credits; and

 

   

guarantee facilities.

Export credits include loans to facilitate Korean exports of capital and non-capital goods and technical and non-technical services. Overseas investment credits consist of loans to finance Korean overseas investments and projects. Import credits include the extension of loans to finance Korean imports of essential materials and natural resources. Guarantee facilities are made available to support the obligations of Korean exporters and importers.

We also have the authority to administer, on behalf of the Government, the Government’s Economic Development Cooperation Fund and the Inter-Korea Cooperation Fund, formerly known as South and North Korea Co-operation Fund.

We may also undertake other business activities incidental to the foregoing, including currency and interest rate swap transactions. We have engaged in such swap transactions for hedging purposes only.

Government Support and Supervision

The Government’s determination each fiscal year, regarding the amount of financial support to extend to us, plays an important role in determining our lending capacity. Such support has included contributions to capital, loans and transfers of our income to reserves.

Our authorized capital was ₩30 billion when the Government enacted the KEXIM Act in 1969. The National Assembly amended the KEXIM Act and increased our authorized capital to ₩150 billion in 1974, ₩500 billion in 1977, ₩1,000 billion in 1986, ₩2,000 billion in January 1998, ₩4,000 billion in September 1998 and ₩8,000 billion in January 2009. In January 2014, the Government further increased our authorized capital to ₩15,000 billion.

As of December 31, 1996, the capital contribution from the Government was approximately ₩686 billion, all in cash. Since 1997, the Government has made capital contributions not only in cash but also in the form of

 

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shares of common stock of Government-affiliated entities. In 1997, the Government contributed ₩185 billion in cash and in the form of shares of common stock of KT&G (formerly known as Korea Tobacco & Ginseng). In 1998, the Government contributed ₩805 billion in cash and in the form of shares of common stock of KT&G, Korea Electric Power Corporation and Korea Expressway Corporation (formerly known as Korea Highway Corporation). From 1999 to 2004, the Government contributed ₩1,100 billion in cash to our capital, directly and indirectly through The Bank of Korea and the Korea Development Bank.

In April 2005, the Government contributed ₩500 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Expressway Corporation owned by the Government and ₩20 billion in cash to our capital to further support our lending to Korean manufacturers and exporters, in accordance with the Government policy to promote the Republic’s exports by providing such entities with the funds required for the construction and export of capital goods (such as industrial plants, industrial machinery, natural resource development, information infrastructure and overseas construction projects). In July 2007, the Government contributed ₩3 billion in cash to our capital. In December 2008, the Government contributed ₩650 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Kyobo Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and Korea Expressway Corporation to our capital. The Government contributed to our capital ₩300 billion in cash in January 2009, ₩500 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Expressway Corporation in March 2009 and ₩250 billion in cash in May 2009, in order to support our lending to Korean exporters, including small and medium-sized enterprises. In January 2010 and January 2011, the Government further contributed ₩150 billion and ₩50 billion, respectively, in cash to our capital. In April 2011, the Government contributed, indirectly through Korea Finance Corporation, ₩1,000 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Expressway Corporation to our capital in order to enhance our capability to undertake large-scale overseas project financings. In November 2011, the Government contributed to our capital ₩50 billion in cash, in order to support our lending to Korean exporters. In May 2012, the Government contributed ₩779 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Expressway Corporation and Korea Asset Management Corporation to our capital. In September 2012, the Government contributed ₩100 billion in the form of shares of common stock of Korea Expressway Corporation to our capital. The Government contributed ₩20 billion in cash to our capital in January 2013 and ₩80 billion in cash to our capital in July 2013. Taking into account these capital contributions, as of December 31, 2013, our total paid-in capital was ₩7,238 billion. In January 2014, the Government contributed ₩130 billion in cash to our capital and as of March 31, 2014, our total paid-in capital was ₩7,368 billion.

Pursuant to the KEXIM Act, only the Government, The Bank of Korea, Korea Finance Corporation, certain designated domestic banking institutions, exporters’ associations and international financial organizations may contribute to our paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2013, the Government directly owned 68.0% of our paid-in capital and indirectly owned, through The Bank of Korea and Korea Finance Corporation, 16.1% and 15.9%, respectively, of our paid-in capital. See “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 1”.

In addition to contributions to our capital, the Government provides funding for our financing activities. The Government has made loans available to us for our lending activities. See “Description of Assets and Liabilities—Sources of Funding.”

The Government also supports our operation pursuant to Articles 36 and 37 of the KEXIM Act. Article 36 of the KEXIM Act and the By-laws provide that we shall apply our net income earned during each fiscal year, after deduction of depreciation expense for such fiscal year, in the following manner and in order of priority:

 

   

first, 10% of such net income is transferred to our legal reserve until the total amount of our legal reserve equals the total amount of our paid-in capital;

 

   

second, if the Minister of Strategy and Finance approves such distribution, the balance of any such net income, after such transfer to the legal reserve, is distributed to the institutions, other than the Government, that have contributed to our capital (up to a maximum 15% annual dividend rate); and

 

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third, the remaining balance of any such net income is distributed in whatever manner our Operations Committee determines and the Minister of Strategy and Finance approves, such as additions to our voluntary reserve.

Article 37 of the KEXIM Act provides that “the annual net losses of the Export-Import Bank of Korea shall be offset each year by the reserve, and if the reserve be insufficient, the Government shall provide funds to cover the deficit.” As a result of the KEXIM Act, the Government is generally responsible for our operations and is legally obligated to replenish any deficit that arises if our reserves are insufficient to cover any of our annual net losses. In light of this provision, if we have insufficient funds to make any payment under any of our obligations, the Government would take appropriate steps by making a capital contribution, by allocating funds or by taking other action to enable us to make such payment when due. The provisions of Article 37 do not, however, constitute a direct guarantee by the Government of our obligations, and the provisions of the KEXIM Act, including Article 37, may be amended at any time by action of the National Assembly.

The Government closely supervises our operations including in the following ways:

 

   

the President of the Republic appoints our President upon the recommendation of the Minister of Strategy and Finance;

 

   

the Minister of Strategy and Finance appoints our Deputy President and Executive Directors upon the recommendation of our President;

 

   

the Minister of Strategy and Finance appoints our Auditor;

 

   

one month prior to the beginning of each fiscal year, we must submit our proposed program of operations and budget for the fiscal year to the Minister of Strategy and Finance for his approval and immediately after the approval of the Minister of Strategy and Finance, we must report such program to the National Assembly;

 

   

the Minister of Strategy and Finance must approve our operating manual, which sets out guidelines for all principal operating matters, including the range of permitted financings;

 

   

the Board of Audit and Inspection, a Government department, examines our settlement of accounts annually;

 

   

each of the Minister of Strategy and Finance and the Financial Services Commission has broad authority to require reports from us on any matter and to examine our books, records and other documents. On the basis of the reports and examinations, the Minister of Strategy and Finance may issue any orders it deems necessary to enforce the KEXIM Act or delegate examinations to the Financial Services Commission;

 

   

the Financial Services Commission may supervise our operations to ensure managerial soundness based upon the KEXIM Decree and the Supervisory Regulations of Banking Business legislated by the Financial Services Commission and may issue orders deemed necessary for such supervision;

 

   

we must submit our annual report to the Ministry of Strategy and Finance (formerly, the Ministry of Finance and Economy) within two months after the end of each fiscal year and to the National Assembly within nine months after the end of each fiscal year outlining our operations and analyzing our activities during the relevant fiscal year; and

 

   

we may amend our By-laws and operating manual only with the approval of the Minister of Strategy and Finance.

Selected Financial Statement Data

You should read the following financial statement data together with our separate financial statements and notes included in this prospectus. The following tables present selected separate financial information as of and

 

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for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013, which has been derived from our separate K-IFRS financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 included in this prospectus.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
         2012             2013      
     (billions of Won)  
     (audited)  

Income Statement Data

    

Total Interest Income

   1,794      1,698   

Total Interest Expense

     1,476        1,336   

Net Interest Income

     319        363   

Operating Income

     478        72   

Income before Income Tax

     473        73   

Income Tax Benefit (expense)

     (103     (14

Net Income

     370        60   

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013  
     (billions of won)  
     (audited)  

Balance Sheet Data

     

Total Loans (1)

   47,798       53,809   

Total Borrowings (2)

     42,929         48,198   

Total Assets

     54,562         60,933   

Total Liabilities

     45,474         51,683   

Total Shareholders’ Equity (3)

     9,088         9,250   

 

(1) Gross amount, including bills bought, foreign exchange bought, call loans, inter-bank loans in foreign currency and others and before deducting valuation adjustment of loans in foreign currencies, deferred loan origination fees and allowance for loan losses. See “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 4.”
(2) Includes debentures.
(3) Includes unappropriated retained earnings.

2013

We had net income of ₩60 billion in 2013 compared to net income of ₩370 billion in 2012.

The principal factors for the decrease in net income in 2013 compared to 2012 included:

 

   

a decrease in gain on disposal of financial investments to ₩22 billion in 2013 from ₩401 billion in 2012; the ₩22 billion gain in 2013 reflected principally the sale of our equity interest in SK Networks Co., Ltd. and Kumho Tire Co., Inc. and the ₩401 billion gain in 2012 reflected principally the sale of our equity interest in Korea Exchange Bank; we sell our equity holdings from time to time if favorable opportunities for sale arise to strengthen our financial position; and

 

   

an increase in impairment loss on credit to ₩623 billion in 2013 from ₩379 billion in 2012, primarily due to the restructuring of certain shipbuilding companies.

The above factors were partially offset by (i) net gains from trading purpose of derivatives of ₩163 billion in 2013 compared to net losses of ₩84 billion in 2012, primarily due to valuation gains from cross currency swap transactions in 2013, (ii) an increase in net commission income to ₩340 billion in 2013 from ₩288 billion in 2012, primarily due to increased prepayment fees and loan commitments fees and (iii) an increase in net interest income to ₩363 billion in 2013 from ₩319 billion in 2012, primarily due to a decrease in interest expense from debentures in foreign currencies.

 

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As of December 31, 2013, our total assets increased by 12% to ₩60,933 billion from ₩54,562 billion as of December 31, 2012, primarily due to a 13% increase in loans to ₩53,809 billion as of December 31, 2013 from ₩47,798 billion as of December 31, 2012.

As of December 31, 2013, our total liabilities increased by 14% to ₩51,683 billion from ₩45,474 billion as of December 31, 2012, primarily due to a 12% increase in borrowings and debentures to ₩48,198 billion as of December 31, 2013 from ₩42,929 billion as of December 31, 2012.

The increase in assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in the volume of loans and debt, respectively. The appreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2013 compared to December 31, 2012 partially offset the effect of the increase in the volume of loans and debt, as a majority of our assets and liabilities consisted of foreign currency loans and debt.

As of December 31, 2013, our total shareholders’ equity increased by 2% to ₩9,250 billion from ₩9,088 billion as of December 31, 2012, primarily due to the Government’s ₩100 billion contribution to our capital in 2013.

Operations

Loan Operations

Our primary objective since our establishment has been to promote the export and competitiveness of Korean goods and services in international markets. To this end, we have introduced various financing facilities and implemented lending policies that are responsive to the needs of Korean exporters and foreign importers. Over the years, we have also developed financing facilities and lending policies that are consistent with the Government’s overall economic policies. In the latter part of the 1980s, as a result of changing trade conditions and the increased internationalization of the Korean economy, overseas investment credits and import credits were promoted and began to constitute an important portion of our business. Our lending programs include (1) export credits to Korean exporters or foreign buyers of Korean goods and services, (2) overseas investment credits to Korean firms and (3) import credits to Korean importers.

Before approving a credit, we consider:

 

   

economic benefits to the Republic;

 

   

the industry’s rank in the order of priorities established by the Government’s export-import policy;

 

   

credit risk associated with the loans to be extended; and

 

   

the goal of diversifying our lending activities.

The KEXIM Act and the By-laws provide that we may extend credit only where repayment “is considered probable.” Accordingly, we carefully investigate the financial position of each prospective borrower and the technical and financial aspects of the project to be financed, and a loan is made only if we believe there is reasonable assurance of repayment. See “Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management—Credit Approval”.

In 2013, we provided total loans of ₩53,398 billion, an increase of 7% from the previous year, while our loan commitments amounted to ₩55,626 billion, a decrease of 14% from the previous year. The increase in loan disbursements was attributable mainly to an increase in demand for overseas investment credits.

 

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The following table sets out the total amounts of our outstanding loans, categorized by type of credit:

 

     As of December 31,      As % of
2013  Total
 
     2012      2013     
     (billions of Won)  

Export Credits (1)

        

Ships

   8,063       8,369         16

Industrial Plants

     8,330         12,107         23   

Machinery

     1,280         1,017         2   

Foreign Exchange Bought

     1,571         1,214         2   

Trade Bill Rediscount

     777         644         1   

Others (2)

     5,283         5,313         10   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sub-total

     25,303         28,664         53   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Overseas Investment Credits

     16,943         18,393         34   

Import Credits

     2,474         2,203         4   

Others (3)

     207         66         0   

Call Loans and Inter-bank Loans in Foreign Currency

     2,870         4,483         8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   47,798       53,809         100
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes bills bought.
(2) Includes interbank export loans, offshore loans, etc.
(3) Includes domestic usance, loans for debt-equity swap, advances for customers, etc.

Source: Internal accounting records

The following table sets out our new loan commitments, categorized by type of credit:

New Loan Commitments by Type of Credit

 

     As of December 31,      As % of
2013  Total
 
     2012      2013     
     (billions of Won)  

Export Credits (1)

     

Ships

   4,778       3,810         7

Industrial Plants

     22,640         15,758         28   

Machinery

     2,269         2,833         5   

Foreign Exchange Bought

     10,302         8,115         15   

Trade Bill Rediscount

     4,945         2,435         4   

Others (2)

     6,272         7,319         13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sub-total

     51,206         40,270         72   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Overseas Investment Credits

     8,732         9,815         18   

Import Credits

     4,913         5,541         10   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   64,851       55,626         100
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes bills bought.
(2) Includes interbank export loans, offshore loans, etc.

Source: Internal accounting records

Export Credits

We offer export credits to either domestic suppliers or foreign buyers to finance export transactions.

 

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Export Credits to domestic suppliers include:

 

   

export loans to Korean exporters that export capital goods such as ships, industrial plants and machinery;

 

   

pre-shipment credit to Korean exporters or manufacturers producing export products;

 

   

technical service credit to Korean companies that export technical services abroad, including overseas construction projects;

 

   

short-term trade financing to Korean exporters that manufacture export goods under short-term export contracts;

 

   

small business export credit to small and medium-sized enterprises that manufacture export goods or supply materials needed by their primary exporters;

 

   

rediscount on trade bills to domestic commercial banks for exporters;

 

   

forfeiting to Korean exporters by discounting trade bills under the usance line of credit from export transactions on a non-recourse basis; and

 

   

export factoring to Korean exporters by discounting trade receivables that occurs from open account export transactions on credit on a non-recourse basis.

Export credits to foreign buyers include:

 

   

direct loans to foreign buyers that purchase Korean goods and services;

 

   

project finance to foreign companies that intend to import industrial plants, facilities and technical services from Korea for large-scale projects, of which the cash flows from such projects are the main source for repayment;

 

   

structured finance to foreign shipping companies that purchase ships from Korean shipyards, of which the repayment usually depends on the cash flows generated by the operation of ships; and

 

   

interbank export loans to creditworthy banks in foreign countries to help foreign buyers obtain credit for the purchase of goods and services of Korean origin.

As of December 31, 2013, export credits in the amount of ₩28,664 billion represented 53% of our total outstanding loans. Our disbursements of export credits in 2013 amounted to ₩37,800 billion, an increase of 3% from the previous year, and our commitments of export credits in 2013 amounted to ₩40,270 billion, a decrease of 21% from the previous year.

We offer export credits to Korean manufacturers and exporters in order to provide them with the funds required for the construction and export of Korean capital goods and technical services designated in our operating manual. Capital goods eligible for export credit financings currently include ships, industrial plants, industrial machinery and overseas construction projects. With respect to eligible items supported by our export credits, ships have traditionally had the largest share of our export credit operations. In September 1998, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to expand the types of goods eligible for our export credits to include non-capital goods.

We offer export loans and technical service credits to domestic suppliers at fixed (no less than the Commercial Interest Reference Rate) or floating rates of interest with maturities of up to twelve years for ships and maturities of varying terms, from two to 18 years, for financings of other eligible items. We typically require a minimum down payment of 20% of the contract amount for ship export financings and a minimum down payment of 15% for financings of other eligible items. When the credit rating of a prospective borrower does not meet our internal rating criteria, these export credits are secured by promissory notes issued in connection with the relevant transaction, or letters of guarantees or letters of credit issued or confirmed by a creditworthy international bank or the importer’s government or central bank. Other terms and conditions under such export

 

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credit facilities must be in accordance with the Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. We offer direct loans to foreign buyers, project finance to project companies and structured finance for ships to foreign shipping companies under similar terms and conditions as export credit financings to domestic suppliers. We offer interbank export loans to overseas banks to facilitate imports by foreign importers of Korean manufactured goods. Interbank export loans are offered at fixed or floating rates of interest with maturities of up to ten years.

Overseas Investment Credits

We extend overseas investment credits to either Korean companies or foreign companies in which a Korean company has an equity share, to finance investments in eligible overseas businesses and projects. Such financing programs include:

 

   

overseas investment credit to Korean companies that invest abroad in the form of capital subscription, acquisition of stocks and long-term credit;

 

   

overseas project credit to Korean companies or their overseas subsidiaries engaging in businesses outside Korea;

 

   

major resources development credit to Korean companies for development of natural resources and acquisition of mining rights abroad; and

 

   

overseas business credit to foreign companies in which Korean companies have an equity stake, in the form of funds for purchasing equipment or working capital.

As of December 31, 2013, overseas investment credits amounted to ₩18,393 billion, representing 34% of our total outstanding loans. Our disbursements and commitments of overseas investment credits in 2013 amounted to ₩10,052 billion and ₩9,815 billion, respectively, an increase of 23% and 12%, respectively, over the previous year. This increase in disbursements and new commitments for overseas investment credits was primarily due to increased demand in overseas investment and project credits. Most of the overseas investment credits were loans to foreign companies in which a Korean company has an equity share.

Proposals for overseas investment credits to finance the acquisition of important materials or the development of natural resources for the Korean economy, as determined by the Government, are given priority, together with projects that promote the export of Korean goods and services. As a result, projects financed by our overseas investment credit program have been mainly in the fields of manufacturing or development of natural resources.

We offer overseas investment credits at either fixed or floating rates of interest with maturities up to 30 years. Such facilities may require security in the form of a bank guarantee, pledge or mortgage on the borrower’s local assets. Depending upon the size of the borrower, we will provide up to 100% of the financing required for the overseas investment project.

Import Credits

We offer import credits to Korean companies that directly import essential materials, natural resources and high-technology materials whose stable and timely supply is required for the national economy, or to Korean companies that import such items after developing them overseas. Import credits are extended for importation of eligible items, including nuclear fuels, aircraft, mineral ores, crude oil, lumber, wood pulp, grains, cotton, sugar, and equipment and machinery for research and development, and for use in advanced technological industries.

As of December 31, 2013, import credits in the amount of ₩2,203 billion represented 4% of our total outstanding loans. Disbursements and new commitments of import credits amounted to ₩5,546 billion and ₩5,541 billion, respectively, in 2013, an increase of 13% and 13%, respectively, over the previous year.

 

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We offer import credits at either fixed or floating rates of interest with maturities up to ten years for equipment and machinery and shorter maturities of up to two years for other items, which may require security in the form of a bank guarantee, pledge or mortgage on the borrower’s local assets. We generally provide up to 80% of the import contract amount, but provide up to 90% of the import contract amount in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises and up to 100% for transactions with a letter of credit opened by a bank.

Guarantee Operations

We provide guarantees in favor of Korean commercial banks and foreign banks or foreign importers in respect of the obligations of Korean exporters in order to facilitate export and import financings. Such guarantee programs for Korean exporters and importers include (1) financial guarantees to co-financing banks that provide loans for transactions that satisfy our eligibility requirements and (2) project-related guarantees to foreign importers for the performance of Korean exporters on eligible projects in the form of bid bonds, advance payment bonds, performance bonds and retention bonds. Guarantee commitments as of December 31, 2013 increased to ₩53,696 billion from ₩52,921 billion as of December 31, 2012. Guarantees we had confirmed as of December 31, 2013 increased to ₩41,586 billion from ₩39,380 billion as of December 31, 2012.

We mainly issue project-related guarantees, which include:

 

   

advance payment guarantees that are issued to overseas importers of Korean goods and services to support obligations to refund down payments made to Korean exporters in the event of a failure to deliver the goods to be exported; and

 

   

performance guarantees that are issued to foreign importers to support the performance by Korean exporters of their contractual obligations.

In 2013, we issued project-related confirmed guarantees in the amount of ₩17,388 billion, a decrease of 0.1% from the previous year.

We also issue letters of credit to foreign exporters to assist in the financing of projects approved in connection with import credit loans, and to Korean exporters to assist in the financing of projects approved in connection with export credit loans.

For further information regarding our guarantee and letter of credit operations, see “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 37”.

Government Account Operations

Economic Development Cooperation Fund

In 1987, the Government established the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (the “EDCF”) to provide loans, at concessional interest rates, to governments or agencies of developing countries for projects that contribute to industrial development or economic stabilization of such countries. We administer the EDCF on behalf of the Government and are responsible for project appraisal, documentation and administrative work relating to the EDCF Loans. The EDCF business accounts are maintained separately from our own account on behalf of the Government, and we derive no separate income or expenditures from our operation of the EDCF business. Government contributions constitute the primary funding source of the EDCF. Loan disbursements by the EDCF in 2013 amounted to ₩615 billion for 88 projects in 28 countries, an increase of 6% from the previous year. As of December 31, 2013, the total outstanding loans extended by the EDCF was ₩3,835 billion, an increase of 16% from the previous year.

Inter-Korea Cooperation Fund

In 1991, the Government established the Inter-Korea Cooperation Fund (the “IKCF”) to promote mutual exchanges and cooperation between the Republic and North Korea by engaging in funding and financing

 

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activities to support family reunions, cultural events, academic seminars, trade and economic cooperation between the two countries. We administer the IKCF under the initiative and policy coordination of the Ministry of Unification. The IKCF accounts are maintained separately from our own account on behalf of the Government. Government contributions are the major funding source of the IKCF. The IKCF disbursements during 2013 amounted to ₩296 billion for 260 projects, and cumulative total disbursements as of December 31, 2013 were ₩6,005 billion, an increase of 5% from ₩5,708 billion as of December 31, 2012.

Other Operations

We engage in various other activities related to our financing activities.

Activities in which we currently engage include:

 

   

country information services performed by the Overseas Economic Research Institute, which conducts country studies and country risk evaluation to assist in the efficient utilization of our financial resources;

 

   

export credit advisory services, which are aimed at bringing about a larger share of overseas bidding by giving Korean exporters a wide range of knowledge on the country, industry, market and financial situation of the importing country in the early stage of the tendering process or contract negotiations;

 

   

consulting services by in-house professionals including lawyers, accountants and regional experts who consult on international transactions; and

 

   

management of Korea’s foreign direct investment database.

Description of Assets and Liabilities

Except where expressly indicated otherwise, loans in Won and loans in foreign currencies are collectively referred to as the “Loans”. Bills bought, foreign exchange bought and advances for customers are collectively referred to as the “Other Loans”. Loans and Other Loans are collectively referred to as the “Loan Credits”. Confirmed guarantees and acceptances are collectively referred to as the “Guarantees”. Loan Credits and Guarantees are collectively referred to as the “Credit Exposure”.

Total Credit Exposure

We extend credits to support export and import transactions, overseas investment projects and other relevant products in various forms including loans and guarantees.

The following table sets out our Credit Exposure as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, categorized by type of exposure extended:

 

           As of December 31,  
           2012     2013  
          (billions of Won, except for percentages)  

A

   Loans in Won    12,246        14   13,584        15

B

   Loans in Foreign Currencies      31,026        36        34,491        37   

C

   Loans (A+B)      43,272        51        48,075        52   

D

   Other Loans      1,656        2        1,252        1   

E

   Call Loans and Inter-bank Loans in Foreign Currency      2,870        3        4,482        5   

F

   Loan Credits (C+D+E)      47,798        56        53,809        58   

G

   Allowances for Loan Losses      (1,994     (2     (2,382     (3

H

   Loan Credits including PVD (F-G)      45,804        54        51,427        55   

I

   Guarantees      39,380        46        41,586        45   

J

   Credit Exposure (H+I)      85,184        100        93,013        100   

 

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Loan Credits by Geographic Area

The following table sets out the total amount of our outstanding Loan Credits (excluding call loans and inter-bank loans in foreign currency) as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, categorized by geographic area (1):

 

      As of December 31(1)(2),      As % of
2013  Total
 
     2012      2013     
     (billions of Won)  

Asia

   33,833       40,875         76

Europe

     5,603         4,815         9   

America

     5,589         5,335         10   

Africa

     2,773         2,784         5   

Oceania

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   47,798       53,809         100
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) For purposes of this table, export credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the foreign buyers of Korean exports are located; overseas investment credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the overseas investments being financed are located; and import credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the sellers of the imported goods are located.
(2) Excludes call loans, inter-bank loans in foreign currency, and loan value adjustments.

Source: Internal accounting records.

We engage in business related to Iran, including transactions involving as counterparties Iranian banks that may be indirectly owned or controlled by the Iranian government. The U.S. State Department has designated Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism, and U.S. law generally prohibits U.S. persons from doing business in Iran. We are a Korean bank and our activities with respect to Iran have not involved any U.S. person in either a managerial or operational role and have been subject to policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable Korean laws and regulations. We believe that our activities related to Iran are not subject to the mandatory sanctions administered or enforced by the United States Government (including, without limitation, Section 104 of the U.S. Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (“CISADA”) and the Iran Financial Sanctions Regulations issued by the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury thereunder (the “IFSR”)).

Our business related to Iran consists solely of extensions of credit and financing provided in connection with exports of Korean goods and services to Iran and our disbursements of Iran-related credits are made directly to Korean suppliers or exporters except certain credits made to Iranian banks. Such activities have involved export-related credits to finance the export contracts of Korean exporters supplying goods and services to Iranian companies, credit line extensions to Iranian banks to finance consumer products exports by Korean exporters, extensions of credit through non-recourse discounting of export trade bills, and purchases of promissory notes securing export transactions. Our Loans to Iran represented 2.0%, 0.8% and 0.2% of our total assets as of December 31, 2011, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and also represented 2.3%, 0.9% and 0.2% of our Loan Credits, respectively, as of the above dates. Our Loans to Iran, categorized by country that has the final redemption risk of loans, represented 0.8% and 0.2% of our total assets and 0.9% and 0.2% of our Loan Credits as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Our total revenues from transactions with Iran in 2011, 2012 and 2013 represented 2.1%, 1.3% and 0.3% of our total revenues, respectively, in those periods.

We are aware, through press reports and other means, of initiatives by governmental entities in the U.S. and by U.S. institutions such as universities and pension funds, to adopt laws, regulations or policies prohibiting transactions with or investment in, or requiring divestment from, entities doing business with Iran, including, without limitation, CISADA and IFSR. It is possible that such initiatives may result in our being unable to gain or retain entities subject to such prohibitions as customers or as investors in our debt securities. In addition, our reputation may suffer due to our association with Iran. Such a result could have significant adverse effects on our business or the price of our debt securities.

 

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Individual Exposure

The KEXIM Decree imposes limits on our aggregate credits extended to a single person or business group. As of the date hereof, we are in compliance with such requirements.

As of December 31, 2013, our largest Credit Exposure was to Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in the amount of ₩7,275 billion. As of December 31, 2013, our second largest and third largest Credit Exposures, respectively, were to Hyundai Heavy Industries in the amount of ₩4,352 billion and to Samsung Heavy Industries in the amount of ₩4,037 billion.

The following table sets out our five largest Credit Exposures as of December 31, 2013 (1):

 

Rank

  

Name of Borrower

   Loans      Guarantees      Total  
          (billions of Won)  

1

   Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering    1,186       6,090       7,275   

2

   Hyundai Heavy Industries      1,406         2,946         4,352   

3

   Samsung Heavy Industries      309         3,728         4,037   

4

   GS Engineering & Construction      1,378         2,113         3,491   

5

   SK Engineering & Construction      279         2,313         2,591   

 

(1) Includes loans and guarantees

Asset Quality

The Supervisory Regulation of Banking Business (“Supervisory Regulation”) legislated by the Financial Services Commission requires banks, including us, to analyze and classify their credits into one of five categories as normal, precautionary, substandard, doubtful or estimated loss by taking into account borrowers’ repayment capacity as well as a number of other factors including the financial position, profitability, transaction history of the relevant borrower and the value of any collateral or guarantee taken as security for the extension of credit. Categorizations are applied to all loans except call loans and interbank loans, which are classified as normal. Credit categorizations are as follows:

 

Normal

   Credits extended to customers which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, do not raise concerns regarding their ability to repay the credits.

Precautionary

   Credits extended to customers (1) which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have potential risks with respect to their ability to repay the credits in the future, although there have not occurred any immediate risks of default in repayment; or (2) which are in arrears for one month or more but less than three months.

Substandard

   (1) Credits extended to customers, which in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have incurred considerable risks for default in repayment as the customers’ ability to repay has deteriorated; or (2) that portion which is expected to be collected of total credits (a) extended to customers which have been in arrears for three months or more, (b) extended to customers which are judged to have incurred serious risks due to the occurrence of final refusal to pay their promissory notes, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings, or closure of their businesses or (c) of “Doubtful Customers” or “Estimated-loss Customers” (each as defined below).

 

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Doubtful

   That portion of credits in excess of the amount expected to be collected of total credits extended to (1) customers (“Doubtful Customers”) which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have incurred serious risks of default in repayment due to noticeable deterioration in their ability to repay; or (2) customers which have been in arrears for three months or more but less than twelve months.

Estimated Loss

   That portion of credits in excess of the amount expected to be collected of total credits extended to (1) customers (“Estimated-loss Customers”), which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have to be accounted as a loss as the inability to repay became certain due to serious deterioration in their ability to repay; (2) customers which have been in arrears for twelve months or more; or (3) customers which are judged to have incurred serious risks of default in repayment due to the occurrence of final refusal to pay their promissory notes, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings, or closure of their businesses.

Under K-IFRS, we establish provisions for credit losses with respect to loans using either a case-by-case or collective approach. We assess individually significant loans on a case-by-case basis and other loans on a collective basis. In addition, if we determine that no objective evidence of impairment exists for a loan, it includes such loan in a group of loans with similar credit risk characteristics and assesses them collectively for impairment regardless of whether such loan is significant. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred for individually significant loans, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the financial asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at such asset’s original effective interest rate. Future cash flows are estimated through a case-by-case analysis of individually assessed assets, which takes into account the benefit of any guarantee or other collateral held. The value and timing of future cash flow receipts are based on available estimates in conjunction with facts available at the time of review and reassessed on a periodic basis as new information becomes available. For collectively assessed loans, we base the level of provisions for credit losses on a portfolio basis in light of the homogenous nature of the assets included in each portfolio. The provisions are determined based on a quantitative review of the relevant portfolio, taking into account such factors as the level of arrears, the value of any security, and historical and projected cash recovery trends over the recovery period. For more detailed information regarding our loan loss provisioning policy, see “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 3(8)”.

Asset Classifications

The following table provides information on our loan loss reserves:

 

     As of December 31, 2012      As of December 31, 2013  
     Loan
Amount (1) (2)
     Loan
Loss
Reserve (2)
     Loan
Amount (1) (2)
    Loan
Loss
Reserve (2)
 
     (in billions of Won)  

Normal

   78,603       1,023       85,049      581   

Precautionary

     5,127         1,299         4,468 (3)      1,447   

Sub-standard

     212         92         1,131 (3)      616   

Doubtful

     187         150         107        70   

Estimated Loss

     156         152         139        129   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   84,286       2,717       90,894      2,843   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) These figures include loans (excluding interbank loans and call loans), domestic usance bills, bills bought, notes bought, advances for customers, confirmed acceptances and guarantees.
(2) These figures include present value discount.

 

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(3) The Financial Supervisory Service changed the asset classification system for restructured loans in December 2013, pursuant to which our exposures to SPP Shipbuilding in the amount of ₩449.9 billion and Daesun Shipbuilding in the amount of ₩307.3 billion were reclassified from precautionary to sub-standard.

Reserves for Credit Losses

Non-performing assets (“NPA”) are (i) assets classified as doubtful or estimated loss, (ii) assets in delinquency of repayments of principal or interest more than three months, or (iii) assets exempted from interest payments due to restructuring or rescheduling.

The following table sets out our 10 largest non-performing assets as of December 31, 2013:

 

Borrower

   Loans      Guarantees      Total  
     (billions of Won)  

Keangnam Enterprises Ltd.

   105       160       265   

Kukdong Construction

     —           31         31   

Pyeongsan

     30         —           30   

Sekwang Heavy Industries

     28         —           28   

PSM(DALIAN) Co., Ltd.

     11         —           11   

Ssangyong Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.

     —           10         10   

Samwhan Corporation

     —           10         10   

Ilsung Corporation

     7         1         8   

Qingdao Asia Woosung Enterprise Co., Ltd.

     7         —           7   

KB Cable Co., Ltd.

     7         —           7   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   195       212       407   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

In the early 1990’s, at the direction of the Government, we extended a commodity loan in the aggregate amount of US$466 million to Vnesheconombank, the Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs of the former Soviet Union, which was guaranteed by the government of the former Soviet Union, as part of the Government’s policy to enhance economic cooperation between the two countries. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Government had been negotiating repayment terms with the government of the Russian Federation, which agreed to assume the guarantee of the former Soviet Union in respect of the obligations of Vnesheconombank under such loan. In 1995, the two governments came to an agreement on a repayment schedule in respect of approximately half of the loan. Since the agreement was made, US$229 million of the principal was repaid.

In June 2003, the two governments reached an agreement as to the rescheduling of the remaining portion of the loan and the change of the borrower from Vnesheconombank to the government of the Russian Federation. As a result, in September 2003, we upgraded the classification of the outstanding ₩258 billion (including accrued and unpaid interest) of our exposure to the government of the Russian Federation from estimated loss to doubtful in terms of asset quality and established a 70% provisioning level for that credit exposure. In June 2004, we further upgraded the classification of our exposure to the government of the Russian Federation from doubtful to precautionary in terms of asset quality, following the continued repayment of the loan by the government of the Russian Federation in accordance with the agreed payment schedule. As of December 31, 2013, our exposure to the government of the Russian Federation amounted to ₩134 billion and we established a 11% provisioning level for that credit exposure.

We cannot provide any assurance that our current level of exposure to non-performing assets will continue in the future or that any of its borrowers (including its largest borrowers as described above) is not currently facing, or in the future will not face, material financial difficulties.

As of December 31, 2013, the amount of our non-performing assets was ₩491 billion, an increase of 37% from ₩359 billion as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2013, our non-performing asset ratio was 0.5%, compared to 0.4% as of December 31, 2012.

 

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The following table sets forth our reserves for possible credit losses as of December 31, 2012 and 2013:

 

    As of December 31,  
    2012     2013  
    (billions of Won, except for percentages)  

Loan Loss Reserve (A)

  2,717      2,843   

NPA (B) (1)

    359        491   

Total Equity (C)

    8,566        9,250   

Reserve to NPA (A/B)

    756     579

Equity at Risk (B-A)/C

    —          —     

 

(1) Non-performing assets, which are defined as (a) assets classified as doubtful and estimated loss, (b) assets in delinquency of repayments of principles or interests more than 3 months or (c) assets exempted from interest payments due to restructuring or rescheduling.

Source: Internal accounting records.

The following table sets forth our actual loan loss reserve ratios as of December 31, 2012 and 2013:

 

Classification of Loans

   Actual Reserve  Coverage
(as of December 31, 2012)
    Actual Reserve  Coverage
(as of December 31, 2013)
 

Normal

     1.6     0.9

Precautionary

     30.3     38.2

Substandard

     43.5     55.0

Doubtful

     94.7     84.1

Estimated Loss

     100.0     100.0

Investments

Under the KEXIM Decree, we are not allowed to hold stocks or securities of more than three years’ maturity in excess of 60% of our equity capital. However, investment in the following securities is not subject to this restriction:

 

   

Government bonds;

 

   

BOK currency stabilization bonds;

 

   

securities acquired via Government investment; and

 

   

securities acquired through investment approved by the Government, for research related to our operations, for our financing or pursuant to Korean statutes.

As of December 31, 2013, our total investment in securities amounted to ₩4,703 billion, representing 8% of our total assets. Our securities portfolio consists primarily of available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities mainly comprises marketable securities (including equity securities in Industrial Bank of Korea which was recapitalized by the Government through us) and non-marketable securities (including equity securities in Korea Expressway Corporation which were in-kind contributions made by the Government to us). In 2012, we sold 40,314,387 shares of common stock, which represented all of our holding of common stock in Korea Exchange Bank, for ₩479 billion. In 2013, we sold 9,886,160 shares of common stock, which represented all of our holding of common stock in SK Networks, for ₩63 billion.

The following table sets out the composition of our securities as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013:

 

     As of December 31, 2012     As of December 31, 2013  

Type of Investment Securities

   Amount      %     Amount      %  
     (billions of Won)            (billions of Won)         

Available-for-sale Securities

   3,865         86   4,030         86

Held-to-maturity Securities

     —           —          44         1   

Investments in Associates and Subsidiaries

     629         14        629         13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   4,494         100   4,703         100
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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For further information relating to the classification guidelines and methods of valuation for unrealized gains and losses on our securities, see “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 2”.

Guarantees and Acceptances and Contingent Liabilities

We have credit risk factors that are not reflected on the balance sheet, which include risks associated with guarantees and acceptances. Guarantees and acceptances do not appear on the balance sheet, but rather are recorded as an off-balance sheet item in the notes to the financial statements. Guarantees and acceptances include financial guarantees, project related guarantees, such as bid bond, advance payment bond, performance bond or retention bond, and acceptances and advances relating to trade financings such as letters of credit or import freight. Contingent liabilities, for which the guaranteed amounts were not finalized, appear as unconfirmed guarantees and acceptance items in the notes to the financial statements as off-balance sheet items.

As of December 31, 2013, we had issued a total amount of ₩41,586 billion in confirmed guarantees and acceptances, of which ₩39,905 billion, representing 96.0% of the total amount, was classified as normal, ₩1,571 billion, representing 3.8% of the total amount, was classified as precautionary, and ₩110 billion, representing 0.2% of the total amount, was classified as substandard or below.

Derivatives

The objective in our strategy and policies on derivatives is to actively manage and minimize our foreign exchange and interest rate risks. We do not take proprietary derivative positions. It is our policy to hedge all currency and interest rate risks wherever possible (taking into consideration the cost of hedging). We use various hedging instruments, including foreign exchange forwards and options, interest rate swaps, and cross currency swaps.

Under our internal trading rules that have been submitted to the Financial Supervisory Service, our policy is to engage in derivative transactions mainly for hedging our own position. As part of our total exposure management system, we monitor our exposure to derivatives and may make real-time inquiries, which enables our Risk Management Department to check our exposure on a regular basis. Under the guidelines set by the Financial Supervisory Service, we are required to submit reports on our derivatives exposure to the Financial Supervisory Service on a quarterly basis. As a measure to reduce the risk of intentional manipulation or error, we have separated responsibility for different functions such as initiation, authorization, approval, recording, monitoring and reporting to the Financial Supervisory Service. The Risk Management Department conducts regular reviews of derivative transactions to monitor any breach of compliance with the relevant regulatory requirements.

As of December 31, 2013, our outstanding loans made at floating rates of interest totaled approximately ₩31,155 billion, whereas our outstanding borrowings made at floating rates of interest totaled approximately ₩30,824 billion, including those raised in Swiss franc, Singapore dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Brazil real, Saudi riyal, Czech koruna and Euro and swapped into U.S. dollar floating rate borrowings. As a result, we are exposed to possible interest rate risks to the extent that the amount of our borrowings made at floating rates of interest exceeds the amount of our loans made at floating rates of interest. Foreign exchange risk arises because a majority of our assets and liabilities are denominated in non-Won currencies. In order to match our currency and interest rate structure, we generally enter into swap transactions.

 

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The following table shows the unsettled notional amounts and estimated fair values of derivatives we held as of the dates indicated.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013  
     Unsettled
Notional
Amount
     Fair Value
of Assets
     Fair
Value of
Liabilities
     Unsettled
Notional
Amount
     Fair Value
of Assets
     Fair
Value of
Liabilities
 
     (in billions of Won)  

Currency forwards

     1,015         8         12         1,196         28         1   

Currency swaps

     14,361         420         861         15,393         326         1,719   

Interest rate swaps

     14,503         491         303         14,267         179         292   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     29,879         918         1,177         30,856         533         2,012   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2013, we had entered into 258 currency related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩16,589 billion and valuation for BIS capital ratio purposes of ₩81 billion and had entered into 146 interest rate related derivative contracts with a notional amount of ₩14,267 billion and valuation for BIS capital ratio purposes of ₩1 billion. In connection with our currency forwards and currency swaps, we had net valuation loss of ₩1,366 billion in 2013 compared to net valuation loss of ₩326 billion in 2012, primarily due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against other currencies in 2013, which resulted in an increase in the value of our obligations denominated in the U.S. dollar. In connection with our interest rate swaps, we recorded net valuation loss of ₩113 billion in 2013 compared to net valuation gain of ₩156 billion in 2012, primarily due to an increase in benchmark interest swap rates, such as the US dollar interest swap rate in 2013, which resulted in a decrease in the value of our floating-for-fixed interest rate swaps. See “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 20”.

Sources of Funding

We obtain funds primarily through borrowings from the issuance of bonds in both domestic and international capital markets, borrowings from domestic and foreign financial institutions, capital contributions and internally generated funds. Internally generated funds result from various activities we carried on and include principal and interest payments on our loans, fees from guarantee operations and other services, and income from marketable securities we hold.

We raised a net total of ₩58,222 billion (new borrowings plus loan repayments by our clients less repayment of our existing debt) during 2013, a 9% increase compared with the previous year’s ₩53,331 billion. The total loan repayments, including prepayments by our clients, during 2013 amounted to ₩48,235 billion, a decrease of 0.3% from ₩48,374 billion during 2012.

Since our establishment, borrowings from the Government have provided a portion of our financial resources. The Government provided us with loans in the amount of US$2,595 million in 2008 and US$383 million in the first quarter of 2009 to support our lending to Korean exporters and provide U.S. dollar liquidity to us. In 2009, we repaid all of the amounts borrowed from the Government and as of December 31, 2013, we had no outstanding borrowings from the Government. We also issued Won-denominated domestic bonds in the aggregate amount of ₩9,460 billion, ₩7,850 billion and ₩8,080 billion during 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.

We have diversified our funding sources by borrowing from various overseas sources and issuing long-term floating-rate notes and fixed-rate debentures in the international capital markets. These issues were in foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar, Thai Baht, Malaysia Ringgit, Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Euro, Hong Kong dollar, Singapore dollar, Swiss franc, Brazilian Real, Turkish Lira, Mexican Peso, Peruvian sol, Indian rupee, Indonesian Rupiah, Chinese Yuan, Philippine Peso, New Zealand Dollar, Saudi Riyal, Taiwan Dollar,

 

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Russian Ruble, South African Rand, Danish Krone, Swedish Krona, Czech Koruna, Norwegian Krone and British Pound and have original maturities ranging from one to twelve years.

During 2013, we issued eurobonds in the aggregate principal amount of US$7,662 million in various types of currencies under our existing Euro medium term notes program (the “EMTN Program”), a 68% increase from US$4,551 million in 2012. These bond issues consisted of offerings of US$1,345 million, HKD 1,787 million, SGD 225 million, IDR 2,220,530 million, INR 10,258 million, BRL 2,568 million, AUD 1,066 million, NZD 46 million, EUR 1,298 million, GBP 300 million, CHF 175 million, CZK 700 million, CNY 550 million, TRY 96 million, ZAR 981 million, MXN 87 million, NOK 2,750 million and JPY 16,220 million. In addition, we issued global bonds during 2013 in the aggregate amount of US$1,800 million under our U.S. shelf registration statement (the “U.S. Shelf Program”) compared with US$3,250 million in 2012. As of December 31, 2012, the outstanding amounts of our notes and debentures were US$17,050 million, SGD 285 million, JPY 257,460 million, HKD 5,881 million, MYR 1,630 million, BRL 4,301 million, EUR 2,195 million, MXN 3,031 million, THB 27,700 million, CHF 650 million, AUD 1,812 million, INR 10,258 million, CNY 2,838 million, IDR 5,851,250 million, PEN 266 million, PHP 11,350 million, TRY 658 million, TWD 600 million, NZD 258 million, SAR 750 million, ZAR 1,401 million, RUB 1,260 million, DKK 120 million, NOK 2,750 million, SEK 1,975 million, CZK 700 million, and GBP 300 million. In January 2014, we issued global bonds in the aggregate principal amount of US$1,500 million pursuant to the U.S. Shelf Program.

We also borrow from foreign financial institutions in the form of loans that are principally made by syndicates of commercial banks at floating or fixed interest rates and in foreign currencies, with original maturities ranging from two to five years. As of December 31, 2013, the outstanding amount of such borrowings from foreign financial institutions was US$2,280 million.

Our paid-in capital has increased from time to time since our establishment. From January 1998 to December 2013, the Government contributed ₩5,378 billion to our capital. As of December 31, 2013, our total paid-in capital amounted to ₩7,238 billion, and the Government, The Bank of Korea and Korea Finance Corporation owned 68.0%, 16.1% and 15.9%, respectively, of our paid-in capital.

In connection with our fund raising activities, we have from time to time sold third parties promissory notes, including related guarantees, acquired as collateral in connection with export credit financings.

The KEXIM Act provides that the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all of our borrowings, including the total outstanding export-import financing debentures we issued in accordance with the KEXIM Decree, may not exceed an amount equal to thirty times the sum of our paid-in capital plus our reserves. As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate outstanding principal amount of our borrowings (including export-import financing debentures), which was ₩48,198 billion, was equal to 19% of the authorized amount of ₩258,598 billion.

We are not permitted to accept demand or time deposits.

Each year we must submit to the Government for its approval an operating plan which includes our target levels for different types of funding. The following table is the part of the operating plan dealing with fund-raising for 2014:

 

Sources of Fund

   (billions of Won)  

Capital Contribution

   130   

Borrowings

     21,460   

Net Collection of Loans

     28,690   

Collection of Loans

     43,546   

Repayment of Debts

     (14,856

Others

     1,720   
  

 

 

 

Total

   52,000   
  

 

 

 

 

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Debt

Debt Repayment Schedule

The following table sets out the principal repayment schedule for our outstanding debt (consisting of borrowings and debentures) as of December 31, 2013:

Debt Principal Repayment Schedule

 

     Maturing on or before December 31,  

Currency (1)

   2014      2015      2016      2017      Thereafter  
     (billions of won)  

Won

   5,490       1,480       520       —         640   

Foreign(2)

     10,931         9,066         5,719         3,371         10,911   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Won Equivalent

   16,421       10,546       6,239       3,371       11,551   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Borrowings and debentures in foreign currency have been translated into Won at the market average exchange rates on December 31, 2013, as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services Ltd.
(2) This figure includes debentures, bank loans, commercial papers and repurchase agreements.

Normally we determine the level of our foreign currency reserves based upon an estimate, at any given time, of aggregate loan disbursements to be made over the next two to three months. Our average foreign currency reserves in 2012 and 2013 were approximately US$4,680 million and US$4,656 million, respectively.

Although we currently believe that such reserves, together with additional borrowings available under our uncommitted short-term backup credit facilities and commercial paper programs, will be sufficient to repay our outstanding debt as it becomes due, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to borrow under such credit facilities, or that the devaluation of the Won will not adversely affect our ability to access funds sufficient to repay our foreign currency denominated indebtedness in the future. In addition to maintaining sufficient foreign currency reserves, we monitor the maturity profile of our foreign currency assets and liabilities to ensure that there are sufficient maturing assets to meet our liabilities as they become due. As of December 31, 2013, our foreign currency assets maturing within three months, six months and one year exceeded our foreign currency liabilities coming due within such periods by US$2,988 million, US$4,339 million and US$5,309 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, our total foreign currency liabilities exceeded our total foreign currency assets by US$5,593 million.

Internal and External Debt of the Bank

The following table summarizes, as of December 31 of the years indicated, the outstanding internal debt of the Bank:

Internal Debt of the Bank

 

     (billions of Won)  

2009

     7,030   

2010

     6,320   

2011

     7,530   

2012

     7,330   

2013

     8,130   

 

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The following table sets out, by currency and the equivalent amount in U.S. Dollars, the outstanding external debt of the Bank as of December 31, 2013:

External Debt of the Bank

 

     Amount in
Original
Currency
     Equivalent
Amount in
U.S. Dollars (1)
 
     (billions)  

US$

   US$ 21.0       US$ 21.0   

Euro (EUR)

   EUR 2.5         3.4   

Japanese yen (¥)

   JPY 261.7         2.8   

Brazilian real (BRL)

   BRL 4.3         1.8   

Australian Dollars (AUD)

   AUD 1.8         1.6   

British Pound(GBP)

   GBP 0.7         1.1   

Thai Baht (THB)

   THB 27.7         0.8   

Hong Kong dollar (HKD)

   HKD 5.9         0.8   

Swiss franc (CHF)

   CHF 0.7         0.7   

Malaysian Ringgit (MYR)

   MYR 1.6         0.5   

Indonesian rupiah (IDR)

   IDR 5,851.3         0.5   

Chinese Yuan (CNY)

   CNY 2.8         0.5   

Norwegian Krone (NOK)

   NOK 2.8         0.5   

Swedish Krona (SEK)

   SEK 2.0         0.3   

Turkish Lira (TRY)

   TRY 0.6         0.3   

Philippine peso (PHP)

   PHP 11.4         0.3   

Mexican Peso (MXN)

   MXN 3.0         0.2   

Singapore dollar (SGD)

   SGD 0.3         0.2   

New Zealand Dollar (NZD)

   NZD 0.3         0.2   

Saudi Riyal (SAR)

   SAR 0.8         0.2   

Indian Rupee (INR)

   INR 10.3         0.2   

South African Rand (ZAR)

   ZAR 1.4         0.13   

Peru Nuevo sol (PEN)

   SAR 0.8         0.2   

Russian Ruble (RUB)

   RUB 1.3         0.04   

Czech Koruna (CZK)

   CZK 0.7         0.04   

Danish Krone (DKK)

   DKK 0.1         0.02   

Taiwan Dollar (TWD)

   TWD 0.6         0.02   
     

 

 

 
      US$ 38.1   
     

 

 

 

 

(1) Amounts expressed in currencies other than US$ are converted to US$ at the exchange rate announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. in effect on December 31, 2013 or the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.

The following table summarizes, as of December 31 of the years indicated, the outstanding external debt of the Bank:

External Debt of the Bank

 

     (billions of Won)  

2009

     26,050   

2010

     30,668   

2011

     36,838   

2012

     35,075   

2013

     40,203   

 

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Table of Contents

For further information on the outstanding indebtedness of the Bank, see “—Tables and Supplementary Information.”

Debt Record

We have never defaulted in the payment of principal of, or interest on, any of our obligations.

Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management

Credit Policies

The Credit Policy Department functions as our centralized policy-making and planning division with respect to our lending activities. The Credit Policy Department formulates and revises our internal regulations on loan programs, sets basic lending guidelines on a country basis and gathers data from our various operating groups and produces various internal and external reports.

Credit Approval

We have multiple levels of loan approval authority, depending on the loan amount and other factors such as the nature of the credit, the conditions of the transaction, and whether the loan is secured. Our Executive Board of Directors can approve loans of any amount. The Chief Executive Committee, Credit Committee, Loan Officer Committee, Director Generals and Directors (Team Heads) each have authority to approve loans up to a specified amount. The amount differs depending on the type of loan and certain other factors, for example, whether a loan is collateralized or guaranteed.

At each level of authority, loan applications are reviewed on the basis of the feasibility of the project from a technical, financial and economic point of view in addition to evaluating the probability of recovery. In conducting such a review, the following factors are considered:

 

   

eligibility of the transaction under our financing criteria;

 

   

country risk of the country of the borrower and the country in which the related project is located;

 

   

credit risk of the borrower;

 

   

a supplier’s ability to perform under the related supply contract;

 

   

legal disputes over the related project and supply contract; and

 

   

availability of collateral.

When the credit rating of a prospective borrower does not meet our internal rating criteria, our policy is to ensure that the loans are either guaranteed by leading international banks or governments or made on a partially or fully secured basis. Guarantees are required if the credit rating of a prospective borrower does not meet our internal rating criteria. As of December 31, 2013, approximately 4% of our total outstanding loans were guaranteed by banks or governments and made on a partially or fully secured basis.

Risk Management

Our overall risk management policy is set by the Risk Management Committee, which meets on a quarterly basis and from time to time to establish tolerance limits for various exposures, whereas the overall risk management is overseen by the Risk Management Department, which is responsible for monitoring risk exposure.

The Risk Management Department reports our loan portfolio to the Financial Supervisory Service on a quarterly basis. The Risk Management Department also monitors our operating groups’ compliance with internal

 

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guidelines and procedures. To manage liquidity risk, we review the strategy for the sources and uses of funds, with each division submitting projected sources and uses to the Treasury Department. The Risk Management Department and the Treasury Department continually monitor our overall liquidity and the Treasury Department prepares both weekly and monthly cash flow forecasts. Our policy is to maintain a liquidity level, which can cover loan disbursements for a period of two to three months going forward. We protect ourselves from potential liquidity squeezes by maintaining sufficient amount of liquid assets with additional back-up of short-term credit lines.

Our core lending activities expose us to market risk, mostly in the form of interest rate and foreign currency risks. The Risk Management Department reports interest rate and foreign exchange gap positions to the Risk Management Committee on a quarterly basis. We also monitor changes in, and matches of, foreign currency assets and liabilities in order to reduce exposure to currency fluctuations.

One of the key components of our risk management policy, which also affects our fund-raising efforts, is to monitor matches of asset maturities and liability maturities. The average maturity as of December 31, 2013 for our Won- and foreign currency-denominated loans was 12 months and 39 months, respectively, and for Won-and foreign currency-denominated liabilities was 18 months and 36 months, respectively.

We follow an overall risk management process where we:

 

   

determine the risk management objectives;

 

   

identify key exposures;

 

   

measure key risks; and

 

   

monitor risk management results.

Our risk management system is a continuous system that is frequently evaluated and updated on an ongoing basis.

Capital Adequacy

Under the Financial Supervisory Service’s guidelines on risk-adjusted capital which were introduced in consideration of the standards set by the Bank for International Settlements, all banks in Korea, including us, are required to maintain a capital adequacy ratio (Tier I and Tier II) of at least 8% on a consolidated basis. To the extent that we fail to maintain this ratio, the Korean regulatory authorities may require corrective measures ranging from management improvement recommendations to emergency measures such as disposal of assets. Beginning on January 1, 2008, the Financial Services Commission implemented the new Basel Capital Accord, referred to as Basel II, in Korea, substantially affecting the way risk is measured among Korean financial institutions, including us. Building upon the initial Basel Capital Accord of 1988, which focused primarily on credit risk, market risk, capital adequacy and asset soundness as a measure of risk, Basel II expands this approach to contemplate additional areas of risk such as operations risk. Basel II also institutes new measures that require us to take into account individual borrower credit risk and operations risk when calculating risk-weighted assets. In July 2013, the Financial Services Commission implemented the Third Basel Capital Accord, referred to as Basel III, in Korea and promulgated amended regulations, which went into effect from December 1, 2013, pursuant to which Korean banks (including us) are required to maintain a minimum ratio of Tier I common equity capital to risk-weighted assets of 3.5 per cent. and Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5 per cent. from December 1, 2013, which minimum ratios are to increase to 4.0 per cent. and 5.5 per cent., respectively, from December 1, 2014 and 4.5 per cent. and 6.0 per cent., respectively, from December 1, 2015. Such requirements are in addition to the pre-existing requirement for a minimum ratio of Tier I and Tier II capital (less any capital deductions) to risk-weighted assets of 8.0 per cent., which remains unchanged. As of December 31, 2013, our capital adequacy ratio was 11.6%, which was unchanged from December 31, 2012.

 

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The following table sets forth our capital base and capital adequacy ratios reported as of December 31, 2012 and 2013:

 

     As of December 31,  
           2012                 2013        
     (billions of Won, except for percentages)  

Tier I

   7,867      8,723   

Paid-in Capital

     7,138        7,238   

Retained Earnings

     1,421        1,465   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     —          37   

Deductions from Tier I Capital

     (692     (17

Capital Adjustments

     (144     —     

Deferred Tax Asset

     (539     —     

Others

     (9     (17

Tier II (General Loan Loss Reserves)

     1,020        1,031   

Total Capital

     8,887        9,755   

Risk Adjusted Assets

     76,522        84,117   

Capital Adequacy Ratios

    

Tier I common equity

     —          10.4

Tier I

     10.3     10.4

Tier I and Tier II

     11.6     11.6

 

Source: Internal accounting records.

Overseas Operations

We maintain an international presence through 16 overseas representative offices, which are located in New York, Tokyo, Beijing, Sâo Paolo, Paris, Washington D.C., Shanghai, New Delhi, Dubai, Moscow, Mexico City, Tashkent, Hanoi, Manila, Jakarta and Yangon.

We also have three wholly-owned subsidiaries, KEXIM Bank (UK) Ltd., London, KEXIM (Asia) Ltd., Hong Kong, and KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City. These subsidiaries are engaged in the merchant banking and lease financing businesses, and assist us in raising overseas financing. We also own 85% of P.T. Koexim Mandiri Finance, a subsidiary in Jakarta, which is primarily engaged in the business of lease financing.

The table below sets forth brief details of our subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013:

 

    Principal Place  of
Business
  Type of Business   Book Value     Bank’s Holding  
            (billions of Won)     (%)  

Kexim Bank (UK) Ltd.

  United Kingdom   Commercial Banking   48        100

KEXIM (Asia) Ltd.

  Hong Kong   Commercial Banking     49        100   

P.T. Koexim Mandiri Finance

  Indonesia   Leasing and Factoring     25        85   

Kexim Vietnam Leasing Co., Ltd.

  Vietnam   Leasing and Lending     10        100   

Property

Our head office is located at 38 Eunhaeng-ro (16-1 Yoido-dong), Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-996, Korea, a 34,820 square meter building completed in 1985 on a site of 9,110 square meters and owned by us. In addition to the head office, we own a staff training center located near Seoul on a site of 47,881 square meters. We also maintain 10 branches in Busan, Gwangju, Daegu, Changwon, Daejeon, Suwon, Inchon, Ulsan, Chungju and Jeonju. Our domestic branch offices and overseas representative offices are located in facilities held under long-term leases.

 

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Table of Contents

Management and Employees

Management

Our governance and management is the responsibility of our Board of Directors, which has authority to decide important matters relating to our business. The Board of Directors is chaired by our President and is comprised of six Directors consisting of the President, the Deputy President, two Senior Executive Directors and two Non-executive Directors. The President of Korea appoints our President upon the recommendation of the Minister of Strategy and Finance. The Minister of Strategy and Finance appoints the Deputy President and all the other Directors upon the recommendation of our President. All Board members serve for three years and are eligible for re-appointment for successive terms of office.

The members of the Board of Directors are currently as follows:

 

Name

   Age      Executive Director Since      Position  

Duk-hoon Lee

     65         March 6, 2014         Chairman and President   

Ki-sub Nam

     60         January 9, 2013         Deputy President   

Seop Shim

     58         June 29, 2012         Senior Executive Director   

Young-whan Sul

     58         January 9, 2013         Senior Executive Director   

Sung-ik Oh

     61         November 29, 2013         Non-Executive Director   

Young-yul An

     57         November 29, 2013         Non-Executive Director   

Our basic policy guidelines for activities are established by the Operations Committee. According to the By-laws, the Operations Committee is composed of officials nominated as follows:

 

   

President of KEXIM;

 

   

official of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, nominated by the Minister of Strategy and Finance;

 

   

official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, nominated by the Minister of Foreign Affairs;

 

   

official of the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, nominated by the Minister of Trade, Industry & Energy;

 

   

official of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, nominated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport;

 

   

official of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, nominated by the Minister of Oceans and Fisheries;

 

   

official of the Financial Services Commission, nominated by the Chairman of the Financial Services Commission;

 

   

executive director of The Bank of Korea, nominated by the Governor of The Bank of Korea;

 

   

executive director of the Korea Federation of Banks, nominated by the Chairman of the Korea Federation of Banks;

 

   

representative of an exporters’ association (Korea International Trade Association), nominated by the Minister of Strategy and Finance after consultation with the Minister of Trade, Industry & Energy;

 

   

officer of the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation established under the Trade Insurance Act, nominated by the Chairman and President of the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation; and

 

   

up to two persons who have extensive knowledge and experience in international economic cooperation work, recommended by our President and appointed by the Minister of Strategy and Finance.

 

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Table of Contents

As of February 28, 2014, the members of the Operations Committee are as follows:

 

Name

   Age     

Member Since

  

Position

Duk-hoon Lee

     65       March 6, 2014    Chairman and President of KEXIM

Sung-soo Eun

     53       April 17, 2013    Deputy Minister for International Economic Affairs, Ministry of Strategy and Finance

Chong-ghee Ahn

     57       April 12, 2013    Deputy Minister for Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Pyung-oh Kwon

     57       April 11, 2013    Deputy Minister for International Trade and Investment, Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy

Si-kweon Ahn

     52       April 12, 2013    Assistant Minister for Construction Policy Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Ki-jeong Jeon

     49       May 2, 2013    Director of Shipping & Logistics Department, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries

Seung-beom Koh

     52       May 13, 2013    Secretary General, Financial Services Commission

Tae-soo Kang

     56       April 26, 2012    Deputy Governor, The Bank of Korea

Young-dae Kim

     56       March 16, 2012    Vice Chairman, Korea Federation of Banks

Hyun-ho Ahn

     57       December 15, 2011    Executive Vice Chairman, Korea International Trade Association

Moon-hong Kwon

     59       September 15, 2011    Deputy President, Korea Trade Insurance Corporation

Sang-kuk Kim (Private Sector)

     62       November 24, 2012    Professor, Kyung Hee University

Hak-loh Lee (Private Sector)

     56       November 24, 2012    Professor, Dongkuk University

Employees

As of December 31, 2013, we had 965 employees, among which 627 employees were members of our labor union. We have never experienced a work stoppage of a serious nature. Every year during the fourth quarter, the management and union negotiate and enter into a collective bargaining agreement that has a one-year duration. The most recent collective bargaining agreement was entered into in December 2013.

 

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Table of Contents

Tables and Supplementary Information

A. External Debt of the Bank

(1) External Bonds of the Bank

 

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2013
 

USD

     500,000,000       5.25      February 10, 2004         February 10, 2014         500,000,000   

USD

     200,000,000       5.25      April 23, 2004         February 10, 2014         200,000,000   

USD

     600,000,000       5.125      March 16, 2005         March 16, 2015         600,000,000   

USD

     300,000,000       5.375      October 4, 2006         October 4, 2016         300,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.98      May 16, 2008         May 14, 2014         50,000,000   

USD

     2,000,000,000       8.125      January 20, 2009         January 21, 2014         2,000,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       7.8      April 27, 2009         April 29, 2019         50,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       6.4      May 19, 2009         May 19, 2016         50,000,000   

USD

     1,500,000,000       5.875      July 14, 2009         January 14, 2015         1,500,000,000   

USD

     4,000,000       3M USD Libor + 1.95      August 11, 2009         August 11, 2014         4,000,000   

USD

     25,000,000       3M USD Libor + 1.7      September 29, 2009         September 29, 2014         25,000,000   

USD

     1,000,000,000       4.125      March 9, 2010         September 9, 2015         1,000,000,000   

USD

     1,250,000,000       5.125      June 29, 2010         June 29, 2020         1,250,000,000   

USD

     1,000,000,000       4      October 20, 2010         January 29, 2021         1,000,000,000   

USD

     700,000,000       3.75      April 20, 2011         October 20, 2016         700,000,000   

USD

     1,000,000,000       4.375      September 15, 2011         September 15, 2021         1,000,000,000   

USD

     1,250,000,000       4      January 11, 2012         January 11, 2017         1,250,000,000   

USD

     1,000,000,000       5      January 11, 2012         April 11, 2022         1,000,000,000   

USD

     100,000,000       6.78      January 27, 2012         January 27, 2027         100,000,000   

USD

     26,100,000       1.85      January 30, 2012         January 30, 2015         26,100,000   

USD

     300,000,000       3M USD Libor + 1.8      March 21, 2012         March 21, 2015         300,000,000   

USD

     1,000,000,000       1.25      November 20, 2012         November 20, 2015         1,000,000,000   

USD

     25,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.45      February 13, 2013         February 13, 2015         25,000,000   

USD

     24,000,000       0      February 14, 2013         February 17, 2015         24,000,000   

USD

     500,000,000       1.75      February 27, 2013         February 27, 2018         500,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.2      March 7, 2013         March 10, 2014         20,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       0.5625      March 12, 2013         March 14, 2014         20,000,000   

USD

     25,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.65      March 14, 2013         March 14, 2016         25,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.65      March 15, 2013         March 15, 2016         20,000,000   

USD

     25,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.55      May 7, 2013         May 9, 2014         25,000,000   

USD

     40,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.55      May 8, 2013         May 9, 2014         40,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.5      May 21, 2013         May 22, 2014         50,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.5      May 22, 2013         May 23, 2014         50,000,000   

USD

     10,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.9      June 20, 2013         June 20, 2018         10,000,000   

USD

     30,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.49      July 5, 2013         July 7, 2014         30,000,000   

USD

     30,000,000       0.85      July 15, 2013         July 16, 2014         30,000,000   

USD

     10,000,000       0.84      July 18, 2013         July 21, 2014         10,000,000   

USD

     30,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.45      July 24, 2013         July 25, 2014         30,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       4.369      August 27, 2013         February 27, 2025         50,000,000   

USD

     35,500,000       2.24      August 29, 2013         September 14, 2018         35,500,000   

USD

     300,000,000       3.75      September 3, 2013         October 20, 2016         300,000,000   

USD

     500,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.85      September 17, 2013         September 17, 2016         500,000,000   

USD

     500,000,000       2.875      September 17, 2013         September 17, 2018         500,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       1.5      October 29, 2013         October 29, 2016         50,000,000   

USD

     49,000,000       3.81      October 30, 2013         October 30, 2023         49,000,000   

USD

     45,000,000       3.81      October 30, 2013         October 30, 2023         45,000,000   

USD

     25,000,000       3.81      October 30, 2013         October 30, 2023         25,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       3.9      October 30, 2013         October 30, 2023         20,000,000   

USD

     25,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.75      November 1, 2013         November 1, 2016         25,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3.66      November 6, 2013         November 6, 2023         50,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       3.67      November 6, 2013         November 6, 2023         20,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3.87      November 6, 2013         November 6, 2025         50,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       3.71      November 7, 2013         November 7, 2023         20,000,000   

USD

     40,000,000       3.73      November 7, 2013         November 7, 2023         40,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3.91      November 7, 2013         November 7, 2025         50,000,000   

USD

     40,000,000       4      November 7, 2013         November 7, 2025         40,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3.76      November 8, 2013         November 8, 2023         50,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       4.03      November 8, 2013         November 8, 2025         50,000,000   

 

30


Table of Contents

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2013
 

USD

     30,000,000       4.03      November 8, 2013         November 8, 2025         30,000,000   

USD

     20,000,000       4.03      November 8, 2013         November 8, 2025         20,000,000   

USD

     35,000,000       3.786      November 12, 2013         November 12, 2023         35,000,000   

USD

     30,000,000       4.03      November 12, 2013         November 12, 2025         30,000,000   

USD

     50,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.7      November 26, 2013         November 26, 2016         50,000,000   

USD

     38,500,000       1.89      November 26, 2013         December 5, 2018         38,500,000   

USD

     30,000,000       3M USD Libor + 0.7      November 27, 2013         November 27, 2016         30,000,000   

USD

     33,000,000       1.33      December 5, 2013         December 5, 2016         33,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       USD 17,050,100,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(1)       17,992,970,530,000   
              

 

 

 

SGD

     30,000,000       1.58      July 19, 2011         July 21, 2014         30,000,000   

SGD

     30,000,000       1      August 26, 2011         August 29, 2014         30,000,000   

SGD

     25,000,000       0.6      February 18, 2013         February 19, 2014         25,000,000   

SGD

     60,000,000       0.7      May 10, 2013         May 12, 2014         60,000,000   

SGD

     60,000,000       0.72      May 10, 2013         May 12, 2014         60,000,000   

SGD

     60,000,000       0.72      May 10, 2013         May 12, 2014         60,000,000   

SGD

     20,000,000       0.78      July 11, 2013         July 12, 2014         20,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       SGD 285,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(2)       237,333,750,000   
              

 

 

 

JPY

     15,000,000,000       3.24      June 20, 2008         June 20, 2018         15,000,000,000   

JPY

     5,000,000,000       2.5      December 29, 2009         December 27, 2019         5,000,000,000   

JPY

     4,000,000,000       1      December 7, 2010         December 7, 2015         4,000,000,000   

JPY

     40,000,000,000       1.05      February 17, 2011         February 17, 2015         40,000,000,000   

JPY

     11,600,000,000       1.06      July 8, 2011         July 8, 2014         11,600,000,000   

JPY

     10,000,000,000       1.32      July 8, 2011         July 8, 2016         10,000,000,000   

JPY

     3,600,000,000       0.5      September 15, 2011         September 15, 2021         3,600,000,000   

JPY

     3,000,000,000       0.92      September 20, 2011         September 20, 2016         3,000,000,000   

JPY

     7,040,000,000       1.16      January 30, 2012         January 30, 2015         7,040,000,000   

JPY

     2,000,000,000       1.1      March 12, 2012         September 14, 2015         2,000,000,000   

JPY

     20,000,000,000       1.2      April 26, 2012         April 26, 2016         20,000,000,000   

JPY

     51,400,000,000       1.11      May 24, 2012         May 27, 2014         51,400,000,000   

JPY

     41,200,000,000       1.25      May 24, 2012         May 27, 2015         41,200,000,000   

JPY

     7,400,000,000       1.38      May 24, 2012         May 24, 2017         7,400,000,000   

JPY

     20,000,000,000       1.0563      June 27, 2012         June 27, 2014         20,000,000,000   

JPY

     2,000,000,000       0.4      May 29, 2013         May 30, 2014         2,000,000,000   

JPY

     10,000,000,000       0.86      July 19, 2013         July 19, 2016         10,000,000,000   

JPY

     4,220,000,000       0.63      August 29, 2013         September 14, 2020         4,220,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       JPY 257,460,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(3)       2,586,597,636,000   
              

 

 

 

HKD

     375,000,000       3.84      February 1, 2008         February 1, 2015         375,000,000   

HKD

     252,000,000       4.05      June 24, 2010         June 24, 2020         252,000,000   

HKD

     201,000,000       2.72      September 7, 2010         September 8, 2015         201,000,000   

HKD

     155,000,000       2.18      January 26, 2011         January 27, 2014         155,000,000   

HKD

     238,000,000       3.4      March 7, 2011         March 7, 2016         238,000,000   

HKD

     155,000,000       2.57      April 1, 2011         September 30, 2014         155,000,000   

HKD

     200,000,000       2.31      April 4, 2011         April 4, 2014         200,000,000   

HKD

     210,000,000       1.93      June 1, 2011         June 3, 2014         210,000,000   

HKD

     300,000,000       1.75      June 22, 2011         June 23, 2014         300,000,000   

HKD

     155,000,000       1.76      June 29, 2011         July 2, 2014         155,000,000   

HKD

     150,000,000       1.745      June 30, 2011         July 3, 2014         150,000,000   

HKD

     388,000,000       1.76      July 8, 2011         July 8, 2014         388,000,000   

HKD

     99,000,000       2.3      August 31, 2011         August 31, 2016         99,000,000   

HKD

     120,000,000       3.45      September 23, 2011         September 23, 2021         120,000,000   

HKD

     250,000,000       3.92      November 8, 2011         November 8, 2021         250,000,000   

HKD

     60,000,000       3.92      November 8, 2011         November 8, 2021         60,000,000   

HKD

     102,000,000       2.95      November 18, 2011         November 18, 2016         102,000,000   

HKD

     228,000,000       2.5      January 17, 2012         January 20, 2015         228,000,000   

HKD

     188,000,000       2      February 14, 2012         February 14, 2014         188,000,000   

 

31


Table of Contents

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2013
 

HKD

     250,000,000       1.8      August 1, 2012         August 4, 2015         250,000,000   

HKD

     380,000,000       0.465      February 22, 2013         February 24, 2014         380,000,000   

HKD

     380,000,000       0.465      February 22, 2013         February 24, 2014         380,000,000   

HKD

     270,000,000       0.465      February 22, 2013         February 24, 2014         270,000,000   

HKD

     387,500,000       3M Hibor + 0.532      November 27, 2013         November 27, 2016         387,500,000   

HKD

     387,500,000       3M Hibor + 0.533      November 27, 2013         November 27, 2016         387,500,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       HKD 5,881,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(4)       800,345,290,000   
              

 

 

 

MYR

     500,000,000       4.5      March 12, 2008         March 12, 2018         500,000,000   

MYR

     230,000,000       4.5      March 10, 2010         March 10, 2015         230,000,000   

MYR

     400,000,000       4.5      July 1, 2010         July 1, 2015         400,000,000   

MYR

     500,000,000       4.07      February 2, 2012         February 2, 2017         500,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       MYR 1,630,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(5)       522,121,600,000   
              

 

 

 

BRL

     60,000,000       0.5      August 11, 2011         August 10, 2016         60,000,000   

BRL

     130,000,000       0.5      September 28, 2011         September 28, 2016         130,000,000   

BRL

     200,000,000       0.5      October 27, 2011         October 27, 2016         200,000,000   

BRL

     100,000,000       0.5      November 21, 2011         November 21, 2017         100,000,000   

BRL

     200,000,000       0.5      November 28, 2011         November 28, 2016         200,000,000   

BRL

     65,000,000       0.5      December 21, 2011         December 22, 2016         65,000,000   

BRL

     200,000,000       0.5      December 28, 2011         December 22, 2017         200,000,000   

BRL

     150,000,000       7.36      March 27, 2012         March 27, 2015         150,000,000   

BRL

     365,600,000       8.12      April 26, 2012         April 25, 2016         365,600,000   

BRL

     261,800,000       6.6      August 24, 2012         August 24, 2017         261,800,000   

BRL

     7,701,000       8      June 25, 2013         June 26, 2014         7,701,000   

BRL

     110,400,000       3M BRL CDI + 93.15%      June 28, 2013         June 17, 2015         110,400,000   

BRL

     110,300,000       3M BRL CDI + 93.17%      July 1, 2013         June 24, 2015         110,300,000   

BRL

     110,200,000       3M BRL CDI + 93.17%      July 1, 2013         June 24, 2015         110,200,000   

BRL

     110,250,000       3M BRL CDI + 92.00%      July 2, 2013         April 15, 2015         110,250,000   

BRL

     110,100,000       3M BRL CDI + 88.00%      July 2, 2013         April 15, 2015         110,100,000   

BRL

     109,500,000       3M BRL CDI + 92.30%      July 3, 2013         June 26, 2015         109,500,000   

BRL

     109,000,000       3M BRL CDI + 91.90%      July 3, 2013         June 26, 2015         109,000,000   

BRL

     110,700,000       3M BRL CDI + 93.15%      July 5, 2013         December 11, 2014         110,700,000   

BRL

     110,600,000       3M BRL CDI + 91.90%      July 5, 2013         December 11, 2014         110,600,000   

BRL

     108,900,000       3M BRL CDI + 90.90%      July 5, 2013         May 13, 2015         108,900,000   

BRL

     108,800,000       3M BRL CDI + 92.02%      July 5, 2013         May 13, 2015         108,800,000   

BRL

     110,400,000       3M BRL CDI + 89.45%      July 8, 2013         April 20, 2015         110,400,000   

BRL

     110,100,000       3M BRL CDI + 88.05%      July 8, 2013         April 20, 2015         110,100,000   

BRL

     453,000,000       3M BRL CDI + 92.30%      July 12, 2013         December 17, 2014         453,000,000   

BRL

     451,500,000       3M BRL CDI + 90.90%      July 15, 2013         December 22, 2014         451,500,000   

BRL

     116,250,000       10.49      November 18, 2013         December 18, 2014         116,250,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       BRL 4,300,601,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(6)       1,921,293,496,750   
              

 

 

 

EUR

     750,000,000       4.625      February 20, 2007         February 20, 2017         750,000,000   

EUR

     117,000,000       3.875      July 12, 2012         July 12, 2032         117,000,000   

EUR

     30,000,000       3.6      July 19, 2012         July 19, 2027         30,000,000   

EUR

     750,000,000       2      April 30, 2013         April 30, 2020         750,000,000   

EUR

     250,000,000       2      May 15, 2013         April 30, 2020         250,000,000   

EUR

     38,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.3      May 30, 2013         June 30, 2014         38,000,000   

EUR

     30,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.35      June 26, 2013         June 27, 2014         30,000,000   

EUR

     20,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.35      June 26, 2013         June 27, 2014         20,000,000   

EUR

     20,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.35      June 26, 2013         June 27, 2014         20,000,000   

EUR

     20,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.35      June 26, 2013         June 27, 2014         20,000,000   

EUR

     20,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.3      July 5, 2013         July 6, 2014         20,000,000   

EUR

     100,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.35      July 18, 2013         July 21, 2014         100,000,000   

EUR

     50,000,000       3M Euribor + 0.36      July 19, 2013         July 21, 2014         50,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       EUR 6,611,851,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(7)       3,196,490,700,000   
              

 

 

 

 

32


Table of Contents

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2013
 

MXN

     1,000,000,000       8.61      October 11, 2007         October 11, 2017         1,000,000,000   

MXN

     800,000,000       8.61      April 29, 2008         October 11, 2017         800,000,000   

MXN

     300,000,000       8.61      May 6, 2008         October 11, 2017         300,000,000   

MXN

     470,000,000       6.46      February 28, 2012         February 27, 2017         470,000,000   

MXN

     374,000,000       6.35      March 28, 2012         March 28, 2017         374,000,000   

MXN

     87,300,000       3.99      August 29, 2013         September 13, 2016         87,300,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       MXN 3,031,300,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(8)       244,777,475,000   
              

 

 

 

THB

     1,500,000,000       6.28      August 7, 2008         August 7, 2018         1,500,000,000   

THB

     3,000,000,000       3.95      June 28, 2010         June 28, 2020         3,000,000,000   

THB

     2,200,000,000       3.72      February 8, 2011         February 10, 2014         2,200,000,000   

THB

     6,500,000,000       4.16      November 25, 2011         November 25, 2014         6,500,000,000   

THB

     1,000,000,000       4.4      November 25, 2011         November 25, 2021         1,000,000,000   

THB

     2,000,000,000       3.7      August 27, 2012         August 27, 2015         2,000,000,000   

THB

     1,500,000,000       3.9      August 27, 2012         August 27, 2022         1,500,000,000   

THB

     3,200,000,000       3.43      March 11, 2013         March 11, 2016         3,200,000,000   

THB

     2,000,000,000       3.81      March 11, 2013         March 11, 2018         2,000,000,000   

THB

     2,800,000,000       4.34      March 11, 2013         March 11, 2023         2,800,000,000   

THB

     1,500,000,000       4.78      July 31, 2013         July 31, 2025         1,500,000,000   

THB

     500,000,000       4.78      July 31, 2013         July 31, 2025         500,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       THB 27,700,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(9)       890,278,000,000   
              

 

 

 

CHF

     250,000,000       2.375      March 30, 2011         March 30, 2015         250,000,000   

CHF

     125,000,000       2.375      November 10, 2011         March 30, 2015         125,000,000   

CHF

     100,000,000       3M CHF Libor + 1.55      February 24, 2012         February 24, 2014         100,000,000   

CHF

     45,000,000       3M CHF Libor + 0.3      May 15, 2013         May 15, 2015         45,000,000   

CHF

     20,000,000       3M CHF Libor + 0.3      May 15, 2013         May 15, 2015         20,000,000   

CHF

     35,000,000       3M CHF Libor + 0.32      July 24, 2013         July 25, 2014         35,000,000   

CHF

     25,000,000       3M CHF Libor + 0.32      July 24, 2013         July 25, 2014         25,000,000   

CHF

     45,000,000       2.1      September 5, 2013         December 30, 2023         45,000,000   

CHF

     5,000,000       2.1      September 6, 2013         December 30, 2023         5,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       CHF 650,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(10)       772,635,500,000   
              

 

 

 

 

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2012
 

AUD

     38,000,000       7.3      July 12, 2010         July 12, 2015         38,000,000   

AUD

     45,000,000       7.35      August 10, 2011         August 10, 2021         45,000,000   

AUD

     72,300,000       5.73      November 29, 2011         November 20, 2014         72,300,000   

AUD

     34,700,000       5.37      January 30, 2012         January 30, 2015         34,700,000   

AUD

     10,700,000       0.5      March 28, 2012         March 28, 2017         10,700,000   

AUD

     20,000,000       6.8      April 11, 2012         April 11, 2022         20,000,000   

AUD

     500,000,000       5      July 27, 2012         July 27, 2015         500,000,000   

AUD

     25,800,000       4.84      August 24, 2012         August 24, 2017         25,800,000   

AUD

     47,000,000       4.165      April 11, 2013         April 11, 2016         47,000,000   

AUD

     100,000,000       4.19      April 18, 2013         April 18, 2016         100,000,000   

AUD

     47,000,000       4.2      April 18, 2013         April 18, 2016         47,000,000   

AUD

     100,000,000       4.75      April 24, 2013         April 24, 2019         100,000,000   

AUD

     47,000,000       4.2      April 26, 2013         April 26, 2016         47,000,000   

AUD

     80,000,000       3M BBSW + 1.015      April 29, 2013         April 29, 2016         80,000,000   

AUD

     48,000,000       3M BBSW + 1.02      May 2, 2013         May 2, 2016         48,000,000   

AUD

     47,000,000       3M BBSW + 1.01      May 9, 2013         May 9, 2016         47,000,000   

AUD

     93,100,000       4.05      May 23, 2013         May 17, 2018         93,100,000   

AUD

     10,000,000       3M BBSW + 0.92      May 23, 2013         May 23, 2016         10,000,000   

AUD

     50,000,000       3M BBSW + 1.03      May 28, 2013         May 30, 2016         50,000,000   

AUD

     50,000,000       3M BBSW + 1.03      May 28, 2013         May 30, 2016         50,000,000   

AUD

     50,000,000       4.45      July 1, 2013         July 1, 2016         50,000,000   

AUD

     22,000,000       5.975      August 8, 2013         August 8, 2023         22,000,000   

 

33


Table of Contents

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2012
 

AUD

     25,000,000       3M BBSW + 1.45      August 8, 2013         August 8, 2018         25,000,000   

AUD

     63,000,000       4.43      August 29, 2013         September 14, 2018         63,000,000   

AUD

     100,000,000       5.375      September 12, 2013         September 12, 2019         100,000,000   

AUD

     36,000,000       4.42      November 26, 2013         December 5, 2018         36,000,000   

AUD

     50,700,000       4      December 17, 2013         December 17, 2017         50,700,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       AUD 1,812,300,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(11)       1,703,489,508,000   
              

 

 

 

INR

     2,656,000,000       6      February 26, 2013         February 27, 2014         2,656,000,000   

INR

     5,400,000,000       6      April 30, 2013         February 27, 2014         5,400,000,000   

INR

     2,202,000,000       6      June 4, 2013         June 4, 2016         2,202,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       INR 10,258,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(12)       174,796,320,000   
              

 

 

 

CNY

     200,000,000       0.75      November 15, 2010         November 15, 2015         200,000,000   

CNY

     130,000,000       0.75      June 10, 2011         November 15, 2015         130,000,000   

CNY

     127,800,000       0.9      August 25, 2011         August 25, 2014         127,800,000   

CNY

     80,000,000       3.12      December 13, 2011         December 15, 2014         80,000,000   

CNY

     1,750,000,000       3.25      July 27, 2012         July 27, 2015         1,750,000,000   

CNY

     130,000,000       2.65      June 19, 2013         June 20, 2014         130,000,000   

CNY

     120,000,000       4.55      August 23, 2013         August 23, 2023         120,000,000   

CNY

     300,000,000       4.5      November 6, 2013         November 6, 2023         300,000,000   
      Subtotal in Original Currency       CNY 2,837,800,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(13)       494,032,602,000   
              

 

 

 

IDR

     887,500,000,000       8.3      March 15, 2011         March 15, 2014         887,500,000,000   

IDR

     1,315,500,000,000       8.3      March 22, 2011         March 15, 2014         1,315,500,000,000   

IDR

     171,520,000,000       8.3      June 15, 2011         March 15, 2014         171,520,000,000   

IDR

     425,000,000,000       8.4      July 6, 2011         July 6, 2016         425,000,000,000   

IDR

     425,000,000,000       8.4      July 13, 2011         July 6, 2016         425,000,000,000   

IDR

     166,600,000,000       6      August 12, 2011         August 12, 2014         166,600,000,000   

IDR

     169,600,000,000       8.4      August 22, 2011         July 6, 2016         169,600,000,000   

IDR

     70,000,000,000       6.1      March 12, 2012         March 13, 2015         70,000,000,000   

IDR

     488,000,000,000       5      February 15, 2013         February 15, 2015         488,000,000,000   

IDR

     484,500,000,000       5      February 26, 2013         February 15, 2015         484,500,000,000   

IDR

     485,000,000,000       8.4      April 30, 2013         July 6, 2016         485,000,000,000   

IDR

     484,400,000,000       8.4      May 28, 2013         July 6, 2016         484,400,000,000   

IDR

     278,630,000,000       8.4      November 18, 2013         July 6, 2016         278,630,000,000   
      Subtotal in Original Currency       IDR 5,851,250,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(14)       505,548,000,000   
              

 

 

 

PEN

     61,000,000       6.875      September 7, 2010         September 7, 2022         61,000,000   

PEN

     47,000,000       6.875      July 08, 2011         September 7, 2022         47,000,000   

PEN

     20,000,000       6.875      July 19, 2011         September 7, 2022         20,000,000   

PEN

     15,000,000       6.875      August 5, 2011         September 7, 2022         15,000,000   

PEN

     54,500,000       7.25      October 25, 2011         October 25, 2041         54,500,000   

PEN

     13,600,000       7.15      November 4, 2011         November 04, 2021         13,600,000   

PEN

     54,500,000       6.875      November 21, 2011         September 07, 2022         54,500,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       PEN 265,600,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(15)       100,208,224,000   
              

 

 

 

PHP

     11,350,000,000       4.0      November 26, 2010         November 26, 2015         11,350,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       PHP 11,350,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(16)       269,676,000,000   
              

 

 

 

TRY

     140,000,000       0.5      October 20, 2011         October 23, 2017         140,000,000   

TRY

     40,000,000       0.5      December 21, 2011         December 22, 2017         40,000,000   

TRY

     80,000,000       0.5      January 25, 2012         January 25, 2017         80,000,000   

TRY

     26,320,000       0.5      March 16, 2012         March 19, 2015         26,320,000   

TRY

     53,000,000       8.2      May 29, 2012         May 31, 2016         53,000,000   

 

34


Table of Contents

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2012
 

TRY

     55,000,000       6.52      August 28, 2012         August 28, 2015         55,000,000   

TRY

     71,000,000       7.3      August 29, 2012         August 27, 2015         71,000,000   

TRY

     96,400,000       8      December 17, 2013         December 19, 2016         96,400,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       TRY 561,720,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(17)       279,208,543,200   
              

 

 

 

TWD

     600,000,000       0.7      July 1, 2011         July 1, 2016         600,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       TWD 600,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(18)       21,156,000,000   
              

 

 

 

NZD

     212,300,000       4.93      November 29, 2011         November 20, 2014         212,300,000   
     25,000,000       3M BKBM + 1.08      August 16, 2013         August 16, 2016         25,000,000   
     20,500,000       5.18      November 26, 2013         December 5, 2018         20,500,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       NZD 257,800,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(19)       223,208,396,000   
              

 

 

 

SAR

     750,000,000       3M Sibor + 1.70      December 6, 2011         December 6, 2016         750,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       SAR 750,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(20)       211,035,000,000   
              

 

 

 

ZAR

     376,100,000       7.02      January 30, 2012         January 30, 2015         376,100,000   

ZAR

     43,500,000       8.04      May 30, 2012         May 30, 2017         43,500,000   

ZAR

     981,000,000       5.19      May 23, 2013         May 17, 2016         981,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       ZAR 1,400,600,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(21)       141,824,756,000   
              

 

 

 

RUB

     660,000,000       7.63      May 30, 2012         May 30, 2017         660,000,000   

RUB

     600,000,000       7.55      August 29, 2012         August 27, 2015         600,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       RUB 1,260,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(22)       40,509,000,000   
              

 

 

 

DKK

     120,000,000       3M Sibor + 1.70      July 13, 2012         January 14, 2014         120,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       DKK 120,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(23)       23,426,400,000   
              

 

 

 

NOK

     500,000,000            May 22, 2013         May 23, 2018         500,000,000   

NOK

     250,000,000       4.55      June 26, 2013         June 26, 2025         250,000,000   

NOK

     250,000,000       4.55      June 26, 2013         June 26, 2025         250,000,000   

NOK

     250,000,000       4.55      June 26, 2013         June 26, 2025         250,000,000   

NOK

     300,000,000       4.5075      September 9, 2013         September 11, 2023         300,000,000   

NOK

     300,000,000       4.5075      September 10, 2013         September 11, 2023         300,000,000   

NOK

     300,000,000       4.5075      September 11, 2013         September 11, 2023         300,000,000   

NOK

     300,000,000       4.5075      September 12, 2013         September 11, 2023         300,000,000   

NOK

     300,000,000       4.5075      September 13, 2013         September 11, 2023         300,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       NOK 2,750,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(24)       477,235,000,000   
              

 

 

 

SEK

     1,975,000,000       1.45      November 19, 2012         May 19, 2014         1,975,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       SEK 1,950,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(25)       324,670,250,000   
              

 

 

 

CZK

     700,000,000       3M Pribor + 0.5%      June 17, 2013         June 17, 2018         700,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       CZK 700,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(26)       37,212,000,000   
              

 

 

 

 

35


Table of Contents

Currency

   Original
Principal
Amount
    

Interest Rate (%)

   Issue Date      Maturity Date      Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2012
 

GBP

     300,000,000       3M GBP Libor + 0.7      March 22, 2013         March 22, 2016         300,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Original Currency       GBP 300,000,000   
              

 

 

 
      Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(27)       522,198,000,000   
              

 

 

 
     Total External Bonds of the Bank in Equivalent Amount of Won       34,714,277,976,950   
              

 

 

 

 

(1) U.S. dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of US$1.00 to Won 1,055.30, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(2) Singapore dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of SGD 1.00 to Won 832.75, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(3) Japanese yen amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of JPY 100.00 to Won 1,004.66, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(4) Hong Kong dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of HKD 1.00 to Won 136.09, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(5) Malaysia ringgit amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of MYR 1.00 to Won 320.32, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(6) Brazilian real amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of BRL 1.00 to Won 446.75, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(7) Euro amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of EUR 1.00 to Won 1,456.26, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(8) Mexican pesos amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of MXN 1.00 to Won 80.75, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(9) Thai baht amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of THB 1.00 to Won 32.14, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(10) Swiss franc amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of CHF 1.00 to Won 1,188.67, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(11) Australian dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of AUD 1.00 to Won 939.96, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(12) Indian rupee amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of INR 1.00 to Won 17.04, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(13) Chinese yuan amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of CNY 1.00 to Won 174.09, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(14) Indonesian rupiah amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of IDR 100.00 to Won 8.64, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(15) Peru nuevo sol amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of PEN 1.00 to Won 377.30, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(16) Philippine pesos amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of PHP 1.00 to Won 23.77, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(17) Turkish lira amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of TRY 1.00 to Won 497.07, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(18) Taiwan dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of TWD 1.00 to Won 35.26, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(19) New Zealand dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of NZD 1.00 to Won 865.82, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(20) Saudi riyal amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of SAR 1.00 to Won 281.38, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(21) South African rand amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of ZAR 1.00 to Won 101.27, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(22) Russian ruble amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of RUB 1.00 to Won 32.15, the prevailing market rate on December 31, 2013.
(23) Danish krone amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of DKK 1.00 to Won 195.22, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(24) Norwegian krone amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of SEK 1.00 to Won 164.39, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(25) Swedish krona amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of SEK 1.00 to Won 164.39, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(26) Czech koruna amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of CZK 1.00 to Won 164.39, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(27) British pound amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of GBP 1.00 to Won 1,740.66, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.

 

36


Table of Contents

(2) External Borrowings of the Bank

 

Lender

   Classifications    Range of Interest Rates      Range of
Years of
Issue
     Range of
Years of
Maturity
     Principal
Amount
Outstanding as
of December 31,
2013(1)
 
          (%)                    (millions of Won)  

Mizuho Corporate Bank, LTD., Seoul

   Borrowing from
Mizuho
     3M Libor + 0.85         2011         2014         263,825   

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD

   Borrowings from
BMTU
     3M Libor + 0.7         2011         2014         316,590   

Mizuho Corporate Bank, LTD

   Borrowing from
Mizuho
     3M Libor + 1.0         2011         2014         105,530   

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD

   Borrowings from
BMTU
    
 
3M YEN
Libor + 0.9
  
  
     2012         2015         35,113   

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD

   Borrowings from
BMTU
    
 
3M YEN
Libor + 0.8
  
  
     2012         2014         7,485   

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD

   Borrowings from
BMTU
     3M Libor + 1.0         2012         2015         221,085   

HSBC, Seoul

   Borrowing from

HSBC

     3M Libor + 0.9         2012         2014         105,530   

Sumitomo Trust and Banking Corp

   Off-shore long-
term borrowings
     3M Libor + 0.7         2011         2014         31,659   

Bank of America, Seoul

   Borrowings from
BoA-ML
        2013         2016         211,060   

HSBC, Seoul

   Borrowings from
HSBC
        2013         2015         158,295   

Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank, Hong Kong

   Borrowings from
SMTB
        2013         2016         105,530   

Syndicated Lenders

   Borrowings from
syndicated
Lenders
        2013         2016         263,825   

Mizuho Corporate Bank, LTD

   Borrowing from
Mizuho
        2013         2018         527,650   

HSBC, Seoul

   Borrowings from
HSBC
        2013         2016         52,765   
              

 

 

 

Long-term Borrowings

               2,405,942   
              

 

 

 

Foreign Currency CP

        0.2 ~ 0.81         2013         2014        2,830,263   

Short-term borrowings and Others(2)

               186,584   

Other Borrowings(3)

               18,267   
              

 

 

 

Repurchase Agreement

               47,489   
              

 

 

 

Total External Borrowings of the Bank

               5,488,545   
              

 

 

 

 

(1) Converted to Won amounts at the relevant market average exchange rates in effect on December 31, 2013 as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.
(2) Amount after amortizing present value discount
(3) Includes derivative transactions

 

37


Table of Contents

B. Internal Debt of the Bank

 

Title

   Range of
Interest  Rates
     Range of
Years of  Issue
     Range of Years
of Original
Maturity
     Principal
Amounts
Outstanding as
of December  31,
2013
 
     (%)                    (millions of Won)  

Bonds

           

Short-term Industrial Finance Bonds

     2.56~2.82         2013         2014         4,250,000   

Long-term Industrial Finance Bonds

     2.69~5.21         2009~2013         2014~2028         3,880,000   
           

 

 

 

Total Bonds

     2.56~5.21         2009~2013         2014~2028         8,130,000   
           

 

 

 

Total Internal Debt

  

   8,130,000   
           

 

 

 

Financial Statements and the Auditors

The Minister of Strategy and Finance appoints our Auditor who is responsible for examining our financial operations and auditing our financial statements and records. The Auditor was Sun-Young Bae whose term expired in April 2014. The head of our internal auditing department, Mr. Seok-Man Yoon, is currently overseeing the auditing work as our acting Auditor. Our new Auditor is expected to be appointed by the Government in August 2014.

We prepare our financial statements annually for submission to the Minister of Strategy and Finance, accompanied by an opinion of the Auditor. Although we are not legally required to have financial statements audited by external auditors, an independent public accounting firm has audited our non-consolidated financial statements commencing with such non-consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 1983 and consolidated financial statements commencing with such financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 1998. As of the date of this prospectus, our independent auditor is Deloitte Anjin LLC, located at 9th Floor, One IFC Bldg., 23 Youido-dong, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea which has audited our separate financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 included in this prospectus.

Our separate financial statements appearing in this prospectus were prepared in conformity with the KEXIM Act and the related accounting principles, summarized in “Notes to Separate Financial Statements of December 31, 2013 and 2012—Note 2”. These principles and procedures differ in certain material respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

We recognize interest income on loans and debt securities on an accrual basis. However, interest income on delinquent and dishonored loans and debt securities, other than those guaranteed by financial institutions, is recognized on a cash basis. Interest expense is recorded on an accrual basis.

We classify securities that are actively and frequently bought and sold as trading securities. We classify debt securities with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities, and which we intend to hold to maturity, as held-to-maturity securities. We classify investments that are categorized as neither trading securities nor held-to-maturity securities as available-for-sale securities. We record our trading and available-for-sale securities at fair value. However, investments in available-for-sale securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are recognized at cost. We record held-to-maturity securities at amortized cost. We recognize impairment losses on securities in current operations when the recoverable amounts are less than the acquisition cost of equity securities or amortized cost of debt securities.

 

38


Table of Contents

We record debenture issuance costs as discounts on debentures and amortize them over the maturity period of the debentures using the effective interest method.

We record our investments in associates and subsidiaries in which we exercise significant control or influence by using the cost method.

We record the value of our premises and equipment on our statements of financial position on the basis of a revaluation conducted as of July 1, 1998. The Minister of Strategy and Finance approved the revaluation in accordance with applicable Korean law. We value additions to premises and equipment since such date at cost.

 

39


Table of Contents

LOGO

Independent Auditors’ Report

English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

The Export-Import Bank of Korea:

We have audited the accompanying separate financial statements of the Export-Import Bank of Korea (the “Bank”). The financial statements consist of the separate statements of financial position as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to Korean International Financial Standards, “K-IFRS”), respectively, and the related separate statements of comprehensive income, separate statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and separate statements of cash flows, all expressed in Korean won, for the years then ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Bank’s management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the separate financial statements and our responsibility is to express an opinion on these separate financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of Korea. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the separate financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the separate financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Bank as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS), respectively, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, in conformity with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”).

Accounting principles and auditing standards and their application in practice vary among countries. The accompanying separate financial statements are not intended to present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles and practices generally accepted in countries other than the Republic of Korea. In addition, the procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

/s/ Deloitte Anjin LLC

March 19, 2014

Notice to Readers

This report is effective as of March 19, 2014, the independent auditors’ report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances may have occurred between this independent auditors’ report date and the time the independent auditors’ report is read. Such events or circumstances could significantly affect the separate financial statements and may result in modifications to the independent auditors’ report.

 

40


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012

AND JANUARY 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS)

 

     Korean won  
     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  
     (In millions)  

ASSETS:

     

Cash and due from financial institutions (Notes 4, 5 and 7)

   2,214,755       1,917,583       2,334,643   

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (Notes 4, 5, 8 and 20)

     855,248         261,525         578,328   

Hedging derivative assets (Notes 4, 5 and 20)

     378,324         873,273         994,233   

Loans (Notes 4, 5, 10 and 38)

     51,169,874         45,685,886         46,351,208   

Financial investments (Notes 4, 5 and 9)

     4,073,979         3,864,932         3,700,301   

Investments in associates and subsidiaries (Note 11)

     629,160         629,150         248,630   

Tangible assets, net (Note 12)

     236,519         228,079         218,284   

Intangible assets, net (Note 13)

     17,428         15,271         12,189   

Deferred tax assets (Note 35)

     511,601         393,704         350,912   

Other assets (Notes 4, 5, 14 and 38)

     846,350         692,612         665,967   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   60,933,238       54,562,015       55,454,695   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

        

LIABILITIES:

        

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (Notes 4, 5 and 20)

   212,888       258,531       186,934   

Hedging derivative liabilities (Notes 4, 5 and 20)

     1,799,713         918,128         805,618   

Borrowings (Notes 4, 5 and 15)

     5,488,545         2,755,991         5,351,040   

Debentures (Notes 4, 5 and 16)

     42,709,823         40,172,531         39,374,177   

Provisions (Note 17)

     245,355         224,634         487,488   

Retirement benefit obligation, net (Note 18)

     27,868         32,743         53,793   

Current tax liabilities

     99,139         77,231         81,919   

Other liabilities (Notes 4, 5, 19 and 38)

     1,099,767         1,034,488         1,041,259   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   51,683,098       45,474,277       47,382,228   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

        

Capital stock (Note 21)

   7,238,055       7,138,055       6,258,755   

Other reserves (Notes 20 and 22)

     57,757         20,800         221,336   

Retained earnings (Note 23) (Regulatory reserve for bad loans as of December 31, 2013: ₩514,785 million) (Note 24)

     1,954,328         1,928,883         1,592,376   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     9,250,140         9,087,738         8,072,467   
   60,933,238       54,562,015       55,454,695   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

41


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

     Korean won  
     Year ended
December 31,
2013
    Year ended
December 31,
2012
 
     (In millions)  

OPERATING INCOME:

    

Net interest income (Notes 25 and 38):

    

Interest income

   1,698,284      1,794,273   

Interest expenses

     (1,335,696     (1,475,724
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     362,588        318,549   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net commission income (Notes 26 and 38):

    

Commission income

     342,622        293,187   

Commission expenses

     (3,086     (4,710
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     339,536        288,477   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Dividend income (Note 27)

     13,977        18,459   

Gain(loss) on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (Note 28)

     169,565        (69,406

Gain (loss) on hedging derivative assets (Notes 20 and 29)

     (1,859,253     (64,693

Gain (loss) on financial investments (Note 30)

     (389     383,344   

Gain (loss) on foreign exchange transaction

     1,189,110        244,855   

Other net operating income (expenses) (Note 31)

     659,072        (98,858

Impairment loss on credit (Note 32)

     (622,596     (378,627

General and administrative expenses (Note 33)

     (179,920     (163,750

Total operating income

     71,690        478,350   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NON OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES) (Note 34):

    

Gain on investments in associates and subsidiaries

     8,018        1,823   

Net other non-operating expenses

     (6,395     (6,967
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     1,623        (5,144
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX

     73,313        473,206   

INCOME TAX EXPENSES (Note 35)

     (13,582     (103,081
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME

     59,731        370,125   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Adjusted income after reserve for bad loans for year ended December 31, 2013: (-)₩31,227 million) (Note 24)

    

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME(LOSS)
FOR THE PERIOD (Note 22)

    

Items not reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

     6,458        (1,631
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liability

     8,520        (2,152

Income tax effect

     (2,062     521   

Items reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

     30,499        (198,905
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Valuation on Available-For-Sale (“AFS”) securities

     37,620        (258,172

Cash flow hedging gains or losses

     2,616        (4,235

Income tax effect

     (9,737     63,502   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

   96,688      169,589   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

42


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

            Other reserves              
     Capital stock      Valuation on
AFS
securities
    Cash flow
hedging
gains or
losses
    Remeasurement
of net defined
benefit
liability
    Retained
earnings Total
    Total  
     (Korean won in millions)  

January 1, 2012

   6,258,755       221,336      —        —        1,592,376      8,072,467   

Dividends

     —           —          —          —          (33,618     (33,618

Increase in capital stock

     879,300         —          —          —          —          879,300   

Net income

     —           —          —          —          370,125        370,125   

Loss on valuation of AFS securities

     —           (195,695     —          —          —          (195,695

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     —           —          (3,210     —          —          (3,210

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liability

            (1,631       (1,631
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2012

   7,138,055       25,641      (3,210   (1,631   1,928,883      9,087,738   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

January 1, 2013

   7,138,055       25,641      (3,210   (1,631   1,928,883      9,087,738   

Dividends

     —           —          —          —          (34,286     (34,286

Increase in capital stock

     100,000         —          —          —          —          100,000   

Net income

     —           —          —          —          59,731        59,731   

Gain on valuation of AFS securities

     —           28,516        —          —          —          28,516   

Gain on valuation of cash flow hedge

     —           —          1,983        —          —          1,983   

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liability

     —           —          —          6,458        —          6,458   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2013

   7,238,055       54,157      (1,227   4,827      1,954,328      9,250,140   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

     Korean won  
     Year ended
December 31, 2013
    Year ended
December 31, 2012
 
     (In millions)  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net income

   59,731      370,125   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

    

Income tax expense

     13,582        103,081   

Interest income

     (1,698,284     (1,794,273

Interest expenses

     1,335,696        1,475,724   

Dividend income

     (13,977     (18,459

Loss on trading securities

     118        —     

Loss on AFS securities

     22,397        17,197   

Loss on debenture redemption

     13        302   

Loss on foreign exchange transactions

     797,244        847,772   

Impairment loss on credit

     622,596        378,627   

Loss on fair value hedged items

     118,706        341,586   

Depreciation and amortization

     5,158        4,423   

Loss on disposals of tangible, intangible and other assets

     8        5   

Impairment loss on tangible, intangible and other assets

     786        31   

Loss on valuation of derivative assets

     1,944,354        697,619   

Retirement benefits

     10,325        9,933   

Gain on trading securities

     (7,065     (14,359

Gain on AFS securities

     (22,008     (400,540

Net increase in reversal of derivatives’ credit risk provision

     (3,797     (11,380

Gain on foreign exchange transactions

     (2,100,814     (1,092,627

Gain on fair value hedged items

     (776,597     (233,524

Gain on valuation of derivative assets

     (283,310     (526,937

Gain on disposals of tangible assets, intangible assets and other assets

     (73     (773

Changes in assets and liabilities resulting from operations:

    

Net decrease (increase) in due from financial institutions

     286,404        (642,113

Net decrease (increase) in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     (642,890     72,004   

Net decrease (increase) in hedging derivative assets

     204,070        (30

Net decrease (increase) in loans

     (6,837,028     (1,050,245

Net decrease (increase) in other assets

     (129,749     199,270   

Net increase (decrease) in provisions

     (5,144     47,679   

Payment of retirement benefits

     (1,536     (5,278

Net decrease in other liabilities

     (65,397     (80,579

Net increase (decrease) in financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     23,114        (1,727

Net increase (decrease) in hedging derivative liabilities

     (498,713     231,281   

Payment of income tax

     (121,369     (86,537

Interest income received

     1,662,753        1,718,552   

Interest expense paid

     (1,335,698     (1,188,773

Dividend income received

     13,977        18,459   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (7,422,417     (614,484
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(Continued)

 

44


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

     Korean won  
     Year ended
December 31, 2013
    Year ended
December 31, 2012
 
     (In millions)  

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

    

Disposals of AFS securities and held-to-maturity securities

   115,197      460,569   

Disposals of tangible assets

     97        1,079   

Disposals of intangible assets

     204        —     

Acquisitions of AFS securities and held-to-maturity securities

     (221,551     —     

Net increase in investments in associates

     (10     —     

Acquisitions of tangible assets

     (11,891     (12,933

Acquisitions of intangible assets

     (4,885     (4,710
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

     (122,839     444,005   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

    

Increase in call money

     2,368        —     

Increase in borrowings

     8,964,764        394,354   

Increase in debentures

     19,124,877        15,219,557   

Increase in capital stock

     100,000        —     

Decrease in call money

     —          (68,834

Decrease in borrowings

     (6,061,396     (2,817,567

Decrease in debentures

     (14,003,712     (13,617,923

Payment of dividends

     (34,286     (33,617
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     8,092,615        (924,030
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

     547,359        (1,094,509

DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, BEGINNING OF THE YEAR

     848,451        1,907,625   

EFFECTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON THE BALANCE OF DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES

     36,217        35,335   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, END OF THE YEAR (Note 7)

   1,432,027      848,451   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to separate financial statements.

 

45


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

1. GENERAL

(1) Summary of the Export-Import Bank of Korea

The Export-Import Bank of Korea (the “Bank”) was established in 1976 as a special financial institution under the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act (the “EXIM Bank Act”) to grant financial facilities for overseas trade (i.e., export and import), investments and resources development activities. As of December 31, 2013, the Bank operates 10 domestic branches, 4 overseas subsidiaries, and 15 overseas offices.

The Bank’s authorized capital is ₩8,000,000 million, and through numerous capital increases since the establishment, its paid-in capital is ₩7,238,055 million as of December 31, 2013. The Government of the Republic of Korea (the “Government”), the Bank of Korea (“BOK”), and the Korea Finance Corporation hold 67.97%, 16.09% and 15.94%, respectively, of the ownership of the Bank as of December 31, 2013.

The Bank, as a trustee of the Government, has managed the Economic Development Cooperation Fund since June 1987 and the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund since March 1991. The funds are accounted for separately and are not included in the Bank’s separate financial statements. The Bank receives fees from the Government for the trustee services.

(2) Summary of subsidiaries and associates

1) Subsidiaries of the Bank as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows:

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Subsidiaries

   Location    Capital stock    Main
business
     Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner
ship (%)
     Financial
statements
as of
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   United
Kingdom
   GBP 20 mil.      Banking         20,000,000         100.00         Dec 31, 2013   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co (*)

   Vietnam    USD 13 mil.      Banking         —           100.00         Dec 31, 2013   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Indonesia    IDR 52,000 mil.      Banking         442         85.00         Dec 31, 2013   

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Hong Kong    USD 20 mil.      Banking         30,000,000         100.00         Dec 31, 2013   

 

(*) This entity does not issue share certificates.

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Subsidiaries

   Location    Capital stock    Main
business
     Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner
ship (%)
     Financial
statements
as of
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   United
Kingdom
   GBP 20 mil.      Banking         20,000,000         100.00         Dec 31, 2012   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co (*)

   Vietnam    USD 13 mil.      Banking         —           100.00         Dec 31, 2012   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Indonesia    IDR 52,000 mil.      Banking         442         85.00         Dec 31, 2012   

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Hong Kong    USD 20 mil.      Banking         30,000,000         100.00         Dec 31, 2012   

 

(*) This entity does not issue share certificates.

 

46


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Subsidiaries

  

Location

  

Capital stock

  

Main
business

   Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner
ship (%)
    

Financial
statements

as of

KEXIM Bank UK
Limited

   United Kingdom    GBP 20 mil.    Banking      20,000,000         100.00       Jan 1, 2012

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co (*)

   Vietnam    USD 13 mil.    Banking      —           100.00       Jan 1, 2012

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Indonesia    IDR 52,000 mil.    Banking      442         85.00       Jan 1, 2012

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Hong Kong    USD 20 mil.    Banking      30,000,000         100.00       Jan 1, 2012

 

(*) This entity does not issue share certificates.

2) Associates of the Bank as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows:

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Subsidiaries

  

Location

  

Capital stock

  

Main
business

   Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner
ship (%)
    

Financial
statements

as of

Korea Asset Management Corp

   Korea    KRW 860,000 mil.    Financial service      44,482,396         25.86       Dec 31, 2013

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

   Philippines    USD700 mil.    Financial service      100,000,000         14.28       Sep 30, 2013

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering

   Korea    KRW 256,542 mil.    Shipbuilding      9,410,000         33.99       Sep 30, 2013

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Subsidiaries

  

Location

  

Capital stock

  

Main
business

   Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner
ship (%)
    

Financial
statements

as of

Korea Asset Management Corp

   Korea    KRW 860,000 mil    Financial service      44,482,396         25.86       Dec 31, 2012

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

   Philippines    USD700 mil    Financial service      100,000,000         14.28       Sep 30, 2012

 

47


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Subsidiaries

  

Location

  

Capital stock

  

Main
business

   Number of
shares
owned
     Percentage
of owner
ship (%)
     Financial
statements

as of
 

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

   Philippines    USD700 mil    Financial service      100,000,000         14.28         Sep 30, 2011   

2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Bank’s financial statements are prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by Republic of Korea (“K-IFRS”). Significant accounting policies are as follows.

(1) Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The Bank has adopted K-IFRS from the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2013 and the accompanying separate financial statements are prepared on K-IFRS. In accordance with K-IFRS 1101 ‘First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard’, the transition date to K-IFRS is January 1, 2012. An explanation of how the transition to K-IFRS has affected the financial position as of January 1, 2012 (date of transition) and December 31, 2012, and the comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 of the Bank is provided in Note 39 ‘Transition Effects of K-IFRS.’

The Bank maintains its official accounting records in Korean won and prepares separate financial statements in conformity with K-IFRS, in the Korean language (Hangul). Accordingly, these separate financial statements are intended for use by those who are informed about K-IFRS and Korean practices. The accompanying separate financial statements have been condensed and restructured into English with certain expanded descriptions from the Korean language financial statements.

The Bank’s separate financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2013, the period presented in the first K-IFRS financial statements, and December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 are prepared in accordance with K-IFRS

There may be newly or amended K-IFRS and interpretations that are effective subsequent to the current period-end during 2013 or during 2014 with early-adoption permitted during 2013. Currently, enactments and amendments of the K-IFRS are in progress, and the financial information presented in the separate financial statements may change accordingly, in the future.

The Bank’s financial statements are separate financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements of K-IFRS 1027 Separate Financial Statements, in which a parent, or an investor with joint control of, or significant influence over, an investee accounts for the investments on the basis of the direct equity interest rather than on the basis of the underlying results and net assets of the investees.

Major accounting policies used for the preparation of the separate financial statements are stated below. These accounting policies have been applied consistently to the separate financial statements for the current period and accompanying comparative period.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The accompanying separate financial statement has been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain non-current assets and certain financial assets. In the preparation of separate financial statements under K-IFRS requires the application of certain accounting estimates and the Bank prepared its financial statements by using judgments from its management for critical accounting estimates.

The preparation of separate financial statements under K-IFRS allows certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions. The managements’ estimates are required for application of accounting policies. Items requiring more complicate and high-level judgment or significant assumption and estimates are explained in Notes.

1) The following new standards and interpretations of the Bank have been applied in the current year and have affected the amounts reported in these financial statements.

Amendment to K-IFRS 1001, Presentation of Financial Statements: Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income (Revised)

The amendments to K-IFRS 1001 require an entity to present items in the other comprehensive income section to be grouped into those that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss, and will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss when specific conditions are met. These amendments have an effect only on presentation of separate financial statements and do not have an effect on the Bank’s financial position or operating results. The comparative separate financial statements are stated applying these amendments since the transition date.

Amendment to K-IFRS 1019, Employee Benefits (Revised)

The amendments to K-IFRS 1019 require the recognition of actuarial gains and losses in other comprehensive income and, hence, eliminate the ‘corridor approach’ and ‘immediate recognition in profit and loss approach’ permitted under the previous version. Expected return on plan asses is measured using the discount rate used in measuring defined benefit obligations instead of using an independent expected return and presented in net interest on the net defined benefit liability. Meanwhile, the Bank shall recognize past service cost as an expense at the earlier date between when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs and when the entity recognizes related restructuring costs or termination benefits. The Bank applied these changes in accounting policy since the transition date.

K-IFRS 1107, Financial Instruments: Disclosures—Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Revised)

The amendments to K-IFRS 1107 increase the disclosure requirements to include information about offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities. The revised accounting standards require disclosure of information on conditional rights of setoff that are enforceable and exercisable only in the events mentioned in agreements regardless of meeting some or all of the offsetting criteria in K-IFRS 1032. The Bank disclosed the information comparatively (see Note 5-3).

K-IFRS 1113, Fair Value Measurements (Issued)

K-IFRS 1113 establishes a single source of guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures about fair value measurements. The standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

requires disclosures about fair value measurements. The standard defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., an exit price). When measuring fair value, an entity uses the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The standard explains that a fair value measurement requires an entity to determine the particular asset or liability being measured, the market in which an orderly transaction would take place for the asset and liability and the appropriate valuation techniques to use when measuring fair value. Also, the standard requires wider disclosures about fair value measurements. The enactments referred above do not have any significant effect on the Bank’s separate financial statements and disclosures.

2) The Bank has not applied or adopted earlier the following new and revised K-IFRS that have been issued but are not yet effective:

Amendment to K-IFRS 1032, Financial Instruments: Presentation (Revised)

The amendments to K-IFRS 1032 clarify existing application issue relating to the offset of financial assets and financial liabilities requirements. An entity’s right of setoff must not be contingent upon any future events, but enforceable anytime during the contract period in all of the circumstances, in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity or the counterparties as well as in the ordinary course of business. The amendments to K-IFRS 1032 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.

Amendment to K-IFRS 1039 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (Revised)

The amendment to K-IFRS 1039 allows the continuation of hedge accounting when a derivative is novated to a clearing counterparty or entity acting in a similar capacity and certain conditions are met. The amendment to K-IFRS 1039 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.

K-IFRS 2121 Levies (Issued)

K-IFRS 2121 defines a levy as a payment to a government for which an entity receives no specific goods or services. The interpretation requires that a liability is recognized when the obligating event occurs. The obligating event is the activity that triggers payment of the levy and is typically specified in the legislation that imposes the levy. The interpretation is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014

The list above does not include some other amendments such as the Amendments to K-IFRS 1036 relating to recoverable amount disclosures for non-financial assets that are effective from January 1, 2014 with earlier application permitted.

The Bank does not anticipate that the application of these new and revised K-IFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective will have any impact on the Bank’s separate financial statements and disclosures.

(2) Functional Currency

Items included in the financial statements of each entity in the Bank are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency).

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(3) Significant Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of separate financial statements requires the application of accounting policies, especially certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions that may have a significant impact on assets (liabilities) and income (expenses). The management’s estimate of outcome may differ from an actual outcome if the management’s estimate and assumption based on its best judgment at the reporting date are different from an actual environment.

Estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and the change in an accounting estimate is recognized prospectively by including it in profit or loss in the period of the change, if the change affects that period only, or the period of the change and future periods, if the change affects both.

1) Significant Estimates and Assumptions

Uncertainty in estimates and assumptions with significant risk that will result in material adjustment are as follows:

 Fair value of financial instruments

The fair value of financial instruments where no active market exists or where quoted prices are not otherwise available are determined by using valuation techniques. Financial instruments, which are not actively traded in the market and with less transparent market price, will have less objective fair value and require broad judgment in liquidity, concentration, uncertainty in market factors and assumption in price determination and other risks.

As described in the significant accounting policies in Note 3(3), ‘Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments’, diverse valuation techniques are used to determine the fair value of financial instruments, from general market accepted valuation model to internally developed valuation model that incorporates various types of assumptions and variables.

Provision of credit losses (allowances for loan losses, provisions for acceptances and guarantees, financial guarantee contracts and unused loan commitments)

The Bank determines and recognizes allowances for loan losses through impairment testing and recognizes provisions for acceptances and guarantees, financial guarantee contracts and unused loan commitments. The accuracy of provisions of credit losses is determined by the methodology and assumptions used for estimating expected cash flows of the borrower for allowances on individual loans and collectively assessing allowances for groups of loans, guarantees and unused loan commitments.

ƒ Defined benefit obligation

The present value of defined benefit obligations is measured by the independent actuaries using projected unit credit method. It is determined by actuarial assumptions and variables such as future increases in salaries, rate of retirement, discount rate and others.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

2) Critical judgments in applying the accounting policies

Critical judgments in applying the accounting policies that have significant impact on the amount recognized in the separate financial statements are as follows:

Impairment of AFS equity investments

As described in the significant accounting policies in Note 3(8), ‘Impairment of Financial Assets’, when there is significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument below its original cost, there is objective evidence that AFS equity investments are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank considers the decline in the fair value of over 30% against the original cost as “significant decline” and a six-month continuous decline in the market price for marketable equity instrument as “prolonged decline”.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(1) General

The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of these separate financial statements after transition to K-IFRS are set out below. These policies are consistently applied to previous periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

(2) Foreign Currency

1) Foreign currency transactions

In preparing the separate financial statements of the Bank, transactions in currencies other than the Bank’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded by applying the rates of exchange at the dates of the transactions.

At the end of each reporting period foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate which is the spot exchange rate at the end of the reporting period. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined and non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. When gains or losses on a non-monetary item are recognized in other comprehensive income, any exchange component of those gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when gains or losses on a non-monetary item are recognized in profit or loss, any exchange component of those gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss.

2) Foreign operations

The results and financial position of all foreign operations, whose functional currency differs from the Bank’s presentation currency, are translated into the Bank’s presentation currency using the following procedures;

Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position. Income and expenses for statement of comprehensive income presented are translated at average exchange rates for the period.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition of that foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation. Thus they are expressed in the functional currency of the foreign operation and are translated into the presentation currency at the closing rate.

On the disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of the exchange differences relating to that foreign operation, recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the separate component of equity, are reclassified from equity to profit or loss (as a reclassification adjustment) when the gains or losses on disposal are recognized. On the partial disposal of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the Bank re-attributes the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of the exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income to the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation. In any other partial disposal of a foreign operation, the Bank reclassifies to profit or loss only the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of the exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income.

(3) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments

1) Initial recognition

The Bank recognizes a financial asset or a financial liability in its separate statement of financial position when the Bank becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A regular way purchase or sale of financial assets (a purchase or sale of a financial asset under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by market regulation or practice) is recognized using trade date accounting.

The Bank classifies the financial assets as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity investments, AFS financial assets, loans, receivables and financial liabilities as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and other financial liabilities as the nature and holding purpose of financial instrument at initial recognition in the purpose of financial reporting.

At initial recognition, a financial asset or financial liability is measured at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability. The fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price (that is, the fair value of the consideration given or received).

2) Subsequent measurement

After initial recognition, financial instruments are measured at one of the following based on classification at initial recognition.

 Amortized cost

The amortized cost of a financial asset or financial liability is the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition and adjusted to reflect minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method (as defined below) and minus any reduction (directly or through the use of an allowances account) for impairment or bad debt expenses.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Fair value

The fair values, which the Bank primarily uses for measurement of financial instruments, are the published price quotations in an active market which are based on the market prices or the dealer price quotations of financial instruments traded in an active market where available, which are the best evidence of fair value.

A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.

The Bank uses valuation models that are commonly used by market participants and customized for the Bank to determine fair values of common over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives such as options, interest rate swaps and currency swaps which are based on the inputs observable in markets. However for these more complex instruments, the Bank uses internally developed models, which are usually based on valuation methods and techniques generally recognized as standard within the industry, or the value measured by the independent external valuation institution as the fair values if all or some of the inputs to the valuation models are not market observable and therefore it is necessary to measure fair value on certain assumptions.

Also, the Bank classified measurements of fair value recognized in the financial statements into the following hierarchy.

 

   

Level 1: Fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 2: Fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

 

   

Level 3: Fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the level of the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. For this purpose, input that is significant is estimated by the entire measurement.

On the other hand, the fair value hierarchy of foreign currency financial instruments is not affected by fluctuation of foreign exchange rate.

Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for significant adjustments. In this situation, the measurement is regarded as Level 3.

If the valuation technique does not reflect all factors which market participants would consider in setting a price, the fair value is adjusted to reflect those factors. These factors include counterparty credit risk, bid-ask spread, liquidity risk and others.

The chosen valuation technique makes maximum use of market inputs and relies as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. It incorporates all factors that market participants would consider in setting a price and is

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments. Periodically, the Bank calibrates the valuation technique and tests it for validity using prices from any observable current market transactions in the same instrument or based on any available observable market data.

3) Derecognition

Derecognition is the removal of a previously recognized financial asset or financial liability from the separate statement of financial position. The following is criteria for removal;

 Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets have been transferred and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are also transferred or the financial assets have been neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks, rewards of ownership and control. Therefore, if the Bank neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets, the Bank continues to recognize the financial asset to the extent of its continuing involvement in the financial asset.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognized from the separate statement of financial position when the obligation specified in contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

4) Offsetting

A financial asset and a financial liability are offset and the net amount presented in the separate statement of financial position when, and only when, the Bank currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(4) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, foreign currency, and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(5) Financial assets at FVTPL

This category comprises two sub-categories: financial assets classified as held for trading, and financial assets designated by the Bank as at FVTPL upon initial recognition.

A non-derivative financial asset is classified as held for trading if either

 

   

It is acquired for the purpose of selling it in the near term, or

 

   

It is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The Bank may designate certain financial assets, other than held for trading, upon initial recognition as at FVTPL when one of the following conditions is met:

 

   

It eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (sometimes referred to as ‘an accounting mismatch’) that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases

 

   

A group of financial assets is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the group is provided internally on that basis to the Bank’s key management personnel.

 

   

A contract contains one or more embedded derivatives may designate the entire hybrid (combined) contract as a financial asset at FVTPL if allowed according to K-IFRS No. 1039, Financial Instruments: Recognition and measurement.

After initial recognition, a financial asset at FVTPL is measured at fair value and gains or losses arising from a change in the fair value are recognized in profit or loss. Interest income, dividend income, and gains or losses from sale and repayment from financial assets at FVTPL are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income as net gains on financial instruments at FVTPL.

(6) Financial Investments

AFS and held-to-maturity financial assets are presented as financial investments.

 AFS financial assets

Profit or loss of financial assets classified as AFS, except for impairment loss and foreign exchange gains and losses, is recognized as other comprehensive income, and cumulative profit or loss is reclassified from equity to current profit or loss at the derecognition of financial asset, and it is recognized as part of other operating profit or loss in the separate statements of comprehensive income.

However, interest income measured using effective interest rate is recognized in current profit or loss, and dividends of financial assets classified as AFS are recognized when the right to receive payment is established.

AFS financial assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the closing rate.

For such a financial asset, exchange differences resulting from changes in amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses. For AFS equity instruments that are not monetary items for example, equity instruments, the gains or losses that are recognized in other comprehensive income includes any related foreign exchange component

Held-to-maturity financial assets

Held-to-maturity financial assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity that the Bank’s management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. Held-to-maturity financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method after initial recognition and interest income is recognized using the effective interest rate.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(7) Loans

Non-derivative financial assets are classified as loans if these are not quoted in an active market and payments are fixed or determinable. After initial recognition, these are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

(8) Impairment of financial assets

The Bank assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred, if and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. However, losses expected as a result of future events, no matter how likely, are not recognized.

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured and recognized in profit or loss by category of financial assets.

1) Loans

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on loans carried at amortized cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the loan’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. The Bank first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for loans that are individually significant (individual evaluation of impairment), and individually or collectively for loans that are not individually significant.

If the Bank determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed loan, whether significant or not, it includes the loan in a group of loans with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment (collective evaluation of impairment).

 Individual assessment of impairment

Individual assessment of impairment losses are calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows of a loan at its original effective interest rate and comparing the resultant present value with the loan’s current carrying amount. This process normally encompasses management’s best estimate, such as operating cash flow of borrower and fair value less cost to sell of any collateral held and the timing of anticipated receipts.

Collective assessment of impairment

The methodology based on historical loss experience is used to estimate inherent incurred loss on groups of loans for collective evaluation of impairment. Such methodology incorporates factors such as type of product and borrowers, credit rating, portfolio size, loss emergence period, recovery period and applies probability of default(PD) on each loan (or pool of loans) and loss given default(LGD) by type of collateral. Also, consistent assumptions are applied to form a formula-based model in estimating inherent loss and to determine factors on

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

the basis of historical loss experience and current condition. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates and actual loss experience.

2) AFS financial assets

When a decline in the fair value of an AFS financial asset has been recognized in other comprehensive income and there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, the cumulative loss (the difference between the acquisition cost and current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognized in profit or loss) that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses.

If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of an AFS debt instrument classified as increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses. However, impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an AFS equity instrument classified as available for sale are not reversed through profit or loss.

3) Held-to-maturity financial assets.

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on held-to-maturity financial assets carried at amortized cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. Impairment loss of held-to-maturity financial assets is directly deducted from the carrying amount. The amount of the loss is recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses. In case of financial asset classified as held-to-maturity, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss is decreased and objectively related to the event occurring after the impairment is recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed to the extent of amortized cost at the date of recovery. The amount of reversal is recognized in profit or loss as part of other operating income and expenses in the separate statement of comprehensive income.

(9) Derivatives

The Bank enters into numerous numbers of derivatives such as currency forward, interest rate swaps, currency swaps and others for trading purpose or to manage its exposures to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange and others. These derivatives are presented as financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and derivatives for hedging in accordance with purpose and subsequent measurement.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in net profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in such case the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship. The Bank designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the risk of changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or firm contracts (fair value hedge).

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

At the inception of the hedge there is formal designation and documentation of the hedging relationship and the Bank’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. That documentation includes identification of the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the entity will assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item’s fair value attributable to the hedged risk.

1) Derivative for trading

All derivatives, except for derivatives that are designated and qualify for hedge accounting are classified as financial instruments held for trading and measured at fair value. Gains or losses arising from a change in fair value are recognized in profit or loss as part of net gains on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.

2) Derivative financial instruments for hedging

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognized in profit or loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in the line of the income statement relating to the hedged item.

Fair value hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the Bank revokes the designation. Once fair value hedge accounting is discontinued, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is fully amortized to profit or loss by the maturity of the financial instrument.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit or loss, and is recognized in the line of the separate statements of comprehensive income relating to the hedged item.

3) Embedded derivatives

An embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and accounted for as a derivative if, and only if the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to those of the host contract and a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative and the hybrid (combined) instrument is not measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Gains or losses arising from a change in the fair value of embedded derivative separated from host contract are recognized in profit or loss as part of net gains on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.

4) Day one profit and loss

If the Bank uses a valuation technique that incorporates data not obtained from observable markets for the fair value at initial recognition of financial instruments, there may be a difference between the

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

transaction price and the amount determined using that valuation technique. In these circumstances, the fair value of financial instruments is recognized as the transaction price and the difference is amortized by using straight line method over the life of the financial instruments. If the fair value of the financial instruments is determined using observable market inputs, the remaining deferred amount is recognized in profit or loss.

(10) Property and equipment

1) Recognition and measurement

All property and equipment that qualify for recognition as an asset are measured at its cost and subsequently carried at its cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of property and equipment includes any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they prolong the useful life or enhance values of the assets but the costs of the day-to-day servicing of the assets such as repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. When part of an item of an asset has a useful life different from that of the entire assets, it is recognized as a separate asset.

2) Depreciation

Land is not depreciated whereas other property and equipment are depreciated using the method that reflects the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Bank. The depreciable amount of an asset is determined after deducting its residual value.

The depreciation method is straight-line and estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows.

 

Property and equipment

   Estimated useful lives

Buildings and structures

   10~60 years

Vehicles

   4 years

Tools, furniture and fixtures

   4~20 years

The residual value, the useful life and the depreciation method applied to an asset are reviewed at least at each financial year end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates or if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the changes are accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

(11) Intangible assets.

Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and subsequently carried at its cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method with no residual value over their estimated useful economic life since the asset is available for use.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Intangible assets

   Estimated useful lives

Software

   5 years

System development fees

   5 years

The amortization period and the amortization method for intangible assets with a definite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year end. The useful life of an intangible asset that is not being amortized is reviewed each period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life assessment for that asset. If there is any change, it is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

(12) Impairment of non-financial assets.

The Bank assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that a non-financial asset, except for deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and non-current assets (or group of assets to be sold) classified as held for sale, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Bank estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. However, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the Bank tests goodwill acquired in a business combination, an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life and an intangible asset not yet available for use for impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is estimated for the individual asset. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the Bank determines the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs (the asset’s cash-generating unit).

The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount of an asset is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. That reduction is an impairment loss and recognized immediately in profit or loss.

(13) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include short-term financial liabilities and financial liabilities recognized as financial liabilities at FVTPL initially. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in profit or loss. Otherwise, the expense related issue is recognized in current profit or loss.

(14) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Bank has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision, and where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount of a provision is the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation.

Provisions on confirmed and unconfirmed acceptances and guarantees, unfunded commitments of credit card and unused credit line of consumer and corporate loans are recognized using valuation model that applies

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

the credit conversion factor, default rates, and loss given default. Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provisions are reversed.

(15) Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer (the Bank) to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts are initially recognized at fair value and are amortized over the life of the contract. After initial recognition, financial guarantee contracts are measured at the higher of:

 

   

The amount determined in accordance with K-IFRS 1037 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’ and

 

   

The initial amount recognized, less, when appropriate, cumulative amortization recognized in accordance with K-IFRS 1018. ‘Revenue’

(16) Equity and Reserve

Equity and Reserve are any contract or agreement that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities

(17) Interest income and expenses

Interest income and expenses are recognized using the effective interest method. Effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or a financial liability (or groups of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or interest expenses over the relevant period.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts or payments through the expected life of the financial instrument or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Bank estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider future credit losses. The calculation includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. In those rare cases when it is not possible to estimate reliably the cash flows or the expected life of a financial instrument (or group of financial instruments), the Bank uses the contractual cash flows over the full contractual term of the financial instrument (or group of financial instruments).

Interest on impaired financial assets is recognized using the rate of interest used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss.

(18) Fee and commission income

The Bank recognizes financial service fee in accordance with the accounting standard of the financial instrument related to the fees earned.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

 Fees that are an integral part of the effective interest of a financial instrument

Such fees are generally treated as adjustments of effective interest. Such fees may include compensation for activities such as evaluating the borrower’s financial condition, evaluating and recording guarantees, collateral and other security arrangements, negotiating the terms of the instrument, preparing and processing documents and closing the transaction and origination fees received on issuing financial liabilities measured at amortized cost.

However, fees relating to the creation or acquisition of a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss are recognized as revenue immediately

Fees earned as services are provided

Such fees are recognized as revenue as the services are provided.

ƒ Fees that are earned on the execution of a significant act

Such fees are recognized as revenue when the significant act has been completed.

(19) Dividend income

Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss when the right to receive payment is established. Dividend income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and financial investment is recognized in profit or loss as part of dividend income in the separate statements of comprehensive income.

(20) Employee compensation and benefits

1) Defined contribution plans

When employees render service related to defined contribution plans, contributions related to employees services are recognized in current profit or loss without contributions included in cost of assets. Contributions which are supposed to be paid are recognized in accrued expenses after deducting any amount already paid. Also, if contributions already paid exceed contributions which would be paid at the end of period, the amount of excess is recognized in prepaid expenses.

2) Defined benefit plans

All post-employment benefits, other than defined contribution plans, are classified as defined benefit plans. The amount recognized as a defined benefit liability is the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets at the end of the reporting period.

The present value of defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the Projected Unit Credit method. Actuarial gains and losses recognized are immediately recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and not reclassified to profit or loss in a subsequent period.

3) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits that are due to be settled within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Short-term employee benefits are recognized in current profit and loss when employees render the related service. Short-term employee benefits are not discounted.

(21) Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

1) Current tax

Current income tax is the amount of income taxes payable (recoverable) in respect of the taxable profit (tax loss) for a period. The difference between the taxable profit and accounting profit may arise when income or expenses are included in accounting profit in one period, but is included in taxable profit in a different period, and if there is revenue that is exempt from taxation, expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss). Current income tax liabilities (assets) for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation authorities, using the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The Bank offsets current income tax assets and current income tax liabilities if, and only if, the Bank has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

2) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized, using the asset-liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax based amount of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, except for deferred tax liabilities which the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Bank and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The Bank reduces the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Bank expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The Bank offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities when the Bank has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity; or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

4. RISK MANAGEMENT

4-1. Summary

(1) Overview of Risk Management Policy

The financial risks that the Bank is exposed to are credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, interest risk, credit concentration risk, strategy/reputational risk, outsourcing risk, settlement risk and others. Credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk have been recognized as the Bank’s key risks.

The Bank’s risk management system focuses on increasing transparency, developing risk management environment, and preemptive response to risk due to rapid changes in financial environment to support the Bank’s long-term strategy and business decision efficiently.

The Note regarding financial risk management provides information about the risks that the Bank is exposed to, the objective, policies and process for managing the risk, the methods used to measure the risk, and capital adequacy. Additional quantitative information is disclosed throughout the separate financial statements.

(2) Risk Management Group

1) Risk Management Committee

The Risk Management Committee establishes risk management strategies in accordance with the directives of the Board of Directors and determines the Bank’s target risk appetite, approves significant risk matters and reviews the level of risks that the Bank is exposed to and the appropriateness of the Bank’s risk management operations as an ultimate decision-making authority.

2) Risk Management Council

The Risk Management Council is a consultative group which reviews and makes decisions on matters delegated by the Risk Management Committees and discusses the detailed issues relating to the Bank’s risk management.

3) Risk Management Practices Committee

The Risk Management Practices Committee assists the Risk Management Committee and the Risk Management Council. It performs practical work process relating to risk management plan, risk management strategy, risk measurement, risk analysis, economic capital limit and others.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

4-2. Credit risk

(1) Overview of Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of possible losses in an asset portfolio in the events of counterparty’s default, breach of contract and deterioration in the credit quality of the counterparty. For the risk management reporting purposes, the individual borrower’s default risk, country risk, specific risks and other credit risk exposure components are considered as a whole.

(2) Credit Risk Management

The Bank controls the credit concentration risk exposure by applying and managing total exposure limits to prevent the excessive risk concentration to specific industry and specific borrowers. The Bank maintains allowances for loan losses associated with credit risk on loans and receivables to manage its credit risk.

The Bank recognizes impairment loss on loans with carrying amount at amortized cost when there is any objective indication of impairment. Under K-IFRS, impairment loss is based on losses incurred at the end of the reporting period and the Bank should not recognize expected losses that are probable due to future events. The Bank measures inherent incurred losses on financial assets classified as loans and receivables and presents it in the separate financial statements through the use of an allowances account which is charged against the related financial assets.

(3) Maximum exposure to credit risk

The Bank’s maximum exposure of financial instruments to credit risk as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Cash and due from financial institutions

   2,214,755       1,917,583       2,334,643   

Financial assets at FVTPL

     154,847         45,025         204,784   

Hedging derivative assets

     378,324         873,273         994,233   

Loans (*1)

     53,400,754         47,439,835         47,613,398   

Financial investments (*2)

     202,457         29,002         5,007   

Other financial assets

     847,638         681,400         650,453   

Acceptances and guarantee contracts

     53,696,431         52,921,160         61,443,235   

Commitments (*3)

     26,689,629         28,509,194         15,715,479   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   137,584,835       132,416,472       128,961,232   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loan valuation adjustment in a fair value hedging is excluded.
(*2) Financial investments exclude AFS securities valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging which is included in AFS securities in foreign currency in Note 9
(*3) Commitments exclude commitments on purchase of beneficiary certificates which are included in other commitments in Note 37.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(4) Credit risk of loans

The Bank maintains allowances for loan losses associated with credit risk on loans to manage its credit risk.

The Bank recognizes impairment loss on loans with carrying amount at amortized cost when there is any objective indication of impairment. Under K-IFRS, impairment loss is based on losses incurred at the end of the reporting period and the Bank should not recognize expected losses that are probable due to future events. The Bank measures inherent incurred losses on financial assets classified as loans and presents them in the separate financial statements through the use of an allowances account which is charged against the related financial assets.

The Bank writes off on non-profitable loans, non-recoverable loans, loans classified estimated loss by asset quality category, loans requested written off by Financial Supervisory Service (“FSS”) and others under approval of Loan Management Committee.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Loans are categorized as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total     Ratio (%)  

Loans:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

   238,849      49,760,718      49,999,567        92.92   

Past due

     —          178,125        178,125        0.33   

Impairment

     3,494,025        137,653        3,631,678        6.75   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     3,732,874        50,076,496        53,809,370        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred origination fees and costs:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (9     (405,581     (405,590     99.26   

Past due

     —          (2,505     (2,505     0.61   

Impairment

     (736     215        (521     0.13   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (745     (407,871     (408,616     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amounts before deducting allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     238,840        49,355,137        49,593,977        92.87   

Past due

     —          175,620        175,620        0.33   

Impairment

     3,493,289        137,868        3,631,157        6.80   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     3,732,129        49,668,625        53,400,754        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (26,274     (177,151     (203,425     8.54   

Percentage (%)

     11.00        0.36        0.41     

Past due

     —          (6,858     (6,858     0.29   

Percentage (%)

     —          3.91        3.91     

Impairment

     (2,073,009     (99,008     (2,172,017     91.17   

Percentage (%)

     59.34        71.81        59.82     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (2,099,283     (283,017     (2,382,300     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Percentage (%)

     56.25        0.57        4.46     

Carrying amounts:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     212,566        49,177,986        49,390,552        96.81   

Past due

     —          168,762        168,762        0.33   

Impairment

     1,420,280        38,860        1,459,140        2.86   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   1,632,846      49,385,608      51,018,454        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Loans:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

   147,255      44,324,705      44,471,960        93.04   

Past due

     —          280,742        280,742        0.59   

Impairment

     2,898,048        147,386        3,045,434        6.37   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     3,045,303        44,752,833        47,798,136        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred origination fees and costs:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     —          (352,531     (352,531     98.39   

Past due

     —          (5,340     (5,340     1.49   

Impairment

     (740     310        (430     0.12   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (740     (357,561     (358,301     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amounts before deducting allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     147,255        43,972,174        44,119,429        93.00   

Past due

     —          275,402        275,402        0.58   

Impairment

     2,897,308        147,696        3,045,004        6.42   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     3,044,563        44,395,272        47,439,835        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (20,377     (188,861     (209,238     10.49   

Percentage (%)

     13.84        0.43        0.47     

Past due

     —          (5,580     (5,580     0.28   

Percentage (%)

     0.00        2.03        2.03     

Impairment

     (1,679,344     (100,211     (1,779,555     89.23   

Percentage (%)

     57.96        67.85        58.44     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (1,699,721     (294,652     (1,994,373     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Percentage (%)

     55.83        0.66        4.20     

Carrying amounts:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     126,878        43,783,313        43,910,191        96.62   

Past due

     —          269,822        269,822        0.59   

Impairment loans

     1,217,964        47,485        1,265,449        2.79   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   1,344,842      44,100,620      45,445,462        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Loans:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

   205,161      45,411,436      45,616,597        95.12   

Past due

     —          661        661        —     

Impairment

     2,219,045        122,239        2,341,284        4.88   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     2,424,206        45,534,336        47,958,542        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred origination fees and costs:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     —          (344,488     (344,488     99.81   

Past due

     —          —          —          —     

Impairment

     (869     213        (656     0.19   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (869     (344,275     (345,144     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amounts before deducting allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     205,161        45,066,948        45,272,109        95.08   

Past due

     —          661        661        —     

Impairment

     2,218,176        122,452        2,340,628        4.92   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     2,423,337        45,190,061        47,613,398        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     (29,916     (188,198     (218,114     13.93   

Percentage (%)

     14.58        0.42        0.48     

Past due

     —          (81     (81     0.01   

Percentage (%)

     —          12.25        12.25     

Impairment

     (1,261,764     (85,806     (1,347,570     86.06   

Percentage (%)

     —          70.07        57.57     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (1,291,680     (274,085     (1,565,765     100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Percentage (%)

     53.30        0.61        3.29        —     

Carrying amounts:

        

Normal

        

Not past due

     175,245        44,878,750        45,053,995        97.83   

Past due

     —          580        580        0.01   

Impairment loans

     956,412        36,646        993,058        2.16   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   1,131,657      44,915,976      46,047,633        100.00   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The above carrying amounts do not include loan valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging amounting to ₩151,420 million and ₩240,423 million, ₩303,575 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS)

 

70


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

1) Credit quality of loans that are neither past due nor impaired

Credit quality of loans that are neither past due nor impaired as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Best

  1,910,299      4,608,138      626,135      7,144,572        14.29      (19,487   (3,484   7,121,601   

Outstanding

    4,973,463        24,306,098        3,822,284        33,101,845        66.20        (353,715     (85,553     32,662,577   

Good

    3,155,001        5,251,526        1,230,953        9,637,480        19.28        (32,379     (100,595     9,504,506   

Below normal

    109,039        6,631        —          115,670        0.23        (9     (13,793     101,868   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  10,147,802      34,172,393      5,679,372      49,999,567        100.00      (405,590   (203,425   49,390,552   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Best

  1,704,046      4,982,735      466,187      7,152,968        16.08      (19,806   (4,370   7,128,792   

Outstanding

    5,143,394        20,969,158        3,168,612        29,281,164        65.84        (293,965     (92,504     28,894,695   

Good

    2,584,781        4,624,365        597,750        7,806,896        17.56        (34,734     (102,264     7,669,898   

Below normal

    24,755        206,177        —          230,932        0.52        (4,026     (10,100     216,806   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  9,456,976      30,782,435      4,232,549      44,471,960        100.00      (352,531   (209,238   43,910,191   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Best

  1,737,538      6,314,656      910,321      8,962,515        19.65      (10,434   (5,334   8,946,747   

Outstanding

    4,637,247        22,534,616        2,026,765        29,198,628        64.01        (286,615     (112,398     28,799,615   

Good

    2,275,004        4,183,389        785,204        7,243,597        15.88        (42,773     (99,180     7,101,644   

Below normal

    4,497        207,360        —          211,857        0.46        (4,666     (1,202     205,989   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  8,654,286      33,240,021      3,722,290      45,616,597        100.00      (344,488   (218,114   45,053,995   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

71


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

2) Aging analysis of loans that are past due but not impaired

Aging analysis of loans that are past due but not impaired as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Within one months

  1,192      —        —        1,192        0.67      —        (43   1,149   

Within two months

    —          159,632        —          159,632        89.62        (2,505     (6,338     150,789   

Within three months

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Over three months

    —          —          17,301        17,301        9.71        —          (477     16,824   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  1,192      159,632      17,301      178,125        100.00      (2,505   (6,858   168,762   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    Loans     Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
    Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
       

Within one months

  —        —        101,852      101,852        36.28      —        (2,472   99,380   

Within two months

    —          —          65,224        65,224        23.23        —          (1,426     63,798   

Within three months

    —          59,380        47,599        106,979        38.11        (5,340     (1,512     100,127   

Over three months

    —          —          6,687        6,687        2.38        —          (170     6,517   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  —        59,380      221,362      280,742        100.00      (5,340   (5,580   269,822   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Loans      Deferred loan
origination
fees and

costs
     Allowances     Carrying
amount
 
     Loans in
local
currency
     Loans in
foreign
currencies
     Others      Total      Ratio
(%)
         

Within one months

   —         —         —         —           —         —         —        —     

Within two months

     600         —           —           600         90.77         —           (74     526   

Within three months

     61         —           —           61         9.23         —           (7     54   

Over three months

     —           —           —           —           —           —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
   661       —         —         661         100.00       —         (81   580   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

72


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

3) Loans for Individual assessment

Loans for Individual assessment by country and industry of the Bank’s counterparties are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Impairment     Impairment ratio (%)  
  Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total  

Manufacturing

  3,268,557      23,016      3,291,573      (1,971,741   (23,016   (1,994,757     60.32        100.00        60.60   

Construction

    201,716        —          201,716        (78,252     —          (78,252     38.79        —          38.79   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  3,470,273      23,016      3,493,289      (2,049,993   (23,016   (2,073,009     59.07        100.00        59.34   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    Loans     Impairment     Impairment ratio (%)  
  Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total  

Manufacturing

  2,805,266      44,554      2,849,820      (1,618,750   (38,295   (1,657,045     57.70        85.95        58.15   

Construction

    47,488        —          47,488        (22,299     —          (22,299     46.96        —          46.96   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  2,852,754      44,554      2,897,308      (1,641,049   (38,295   (1,679,344     57.53        85.95        57.96   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

    Loans     Impairment     Impairment ratio (%)  
  Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total     Domestic     Foreign     Total  

Manufacturing

  2,086,208      19,721      2,105,929      (1,228,072   (16,130   (1,244,202     58.87        81.79        59.08   

Wholesale and Retail

    100,714        11,533        112,247        (17,562     —          (17,562     17.44        —          15.65   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  2,186,922      31,254      2,218,176      (1,245,634   (16,130   (1,261,764     56.96        51.61        56.88   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(5) Credit quality of securities (debt securities)

1) Securities(debt securities) exposed to credit risk as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Securities that are neither past due nor impaired

   202,457       29,002       5,007   

2) Credit quality of securities (debt securities) that are neither past due nor impaired as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

     Credit quality (*1)  
     Grade 1      Grade 2      Grade 3      Grade 4      Grade 5      Total  

AFS financial assets

   —         158,810       —         —         —         158,810   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           43,647         —           —           —           43,647   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         202,457       —         —         —         202,457   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

73


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

     Credit quality (*1)  
     Grade 1      Grade 2      Grade 3      Grade 4      Grade 5      Total  

AFS financial assets

   28,887       —         —         115       —         29,002   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   28,887       —         —         115       —         29,002   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Credit quality (*1)  
     Grade 1      Grade 2      Grade 3      Grade 4      Grade 5      Total  

AFS financial assets

   —         —         —         5,007       —         5,007   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         —         —         5,007       —         5,007   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Credit quality is classified based on internal credit quality grade as below.

 

     Credit rating

Grade 1

   AAA ~ BBB

Grade 2

   BBB- ~ BB

Grade 3

   BB- ~ B

Grade 4

   B- ~ C

Grade 5

   D

 

74


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(6) Concentration of credit risk

The amounts disclose below do not include loan valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging amounting to ₩151,420 million, ₩240,424 million and ₩303,575 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS):

1) Loans by country where the credit risk belongs to as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    Loans in local
currency
    Loans in foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
    Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  

Asia:

             

Korea

  13,575,026      8,140,030      1,679,287      23,394,343        43.47      (6,240   (2,215,922

China

    7,239        2,479,513        391,807        2,878,559        5.35        (1,149     (37,439

Saudi Arabia

    —          2,186,611        28,338        2,214,949        4.12        (69,453     (7,216

India

    —          1,284,377        18,428        1,302,805        2.42        (22,150     (2,432

Iran

    —          114,612        17,302        131,914        0.25        (4,821     (1,139

Indonesia

    —          2,488,525        8,671        2,497,196        4.64        (61,247     (5,113

Vietnam

    —          1,429,477        84,872        1,514,349        2.81        (22,238     (5,385

Others

    —          3,899,487        3,041,113        6,940,600        12.90        (58,430     (24,563
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    13,582,265        22,022,632        5,269,818        40,874,715        75.96        (245,728     (2,299,209
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Europe:

             

Russia

    —          922,692        193,712        1,116,404        2.07        (1     (29,346

England

    —          389,849        2,023        391,872        0.73        (1,920     (426

Belgium

    —          76,711        7,391        84,102        0.16        (256     (28

France

    —          383,032        13,613        396,645        0.74        (7,102     (693

Cyprus

    —          92,920        —          92,920        0.17        (1,625     —     

Netherlands

    —          211,258        —          211,258        0.39        (1,623     (410

Malta

    —          195,230        —          195,230        0.36        (2,931     (47

Others

    2,223        2,166,627        157,287        2,326,137        4.32        (57,935     (19,586
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    2,223        4,438,319        374,026        4,814,568        8.94        (73,393     (50,536
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

America:

             

Panama

    —          1,735,488        —          1,735,488        3.23        (6,009     (2,362

United States

    —          1,385,976        87,326        1,473,302        2.74        (19,850     (9,402

The British Virgin Islands

    —          560,604        —          560,604        1.04        (4,384     (705

Mexico

    —          487,905        —          487,905        0.91        (8,658     (4,990

Bermuda

    —          115,731        —          115,731        0.22        (5,726     —     

Others

    —          962,466        —          962,466        1.79        (3,156     (3,819
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          5,248,170        87,326        5,335,496        9.93        (47,783     (21,278
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Africa:

             

Marshall Islands

    —          1,659,543        —          1,659,543        3.08        (19,424     (1,741

Liberia

    —          417,565        277        417,842        0.78        (4,755     (6,823

Madagascar

    —          452,240        —          452,240        0.84        (2,960     (1,702

Others

    —          252,189        2,777        254,966        0.47        (14,573     (1,011
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          2,781,537        3,054        2,784,591        5.17        (41,712     (11,277
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  13,584,488      34,490,658      5,734,224      53,809,370        100.00      (408,616   (2,382,300
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

75


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
    Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  

Asia:

             

Korea

  12,245,615      7,880,095      951,468      21,077,178        44.10      (8,530   (1,807,134

China

    —          2,313,505        179,529        2,493,034        5.22        (1,075     (51,573

Saudi Arabia

    —          1,827,952        945        1,828,897        3.83        (78,737     (7,690

India

    —          1,196,696        39,139        1,235,835        2.59        (18,275     (2,945

Iran

    —          154,593        286,620        441,213        0.92        (6,168     (7,281

Indonesia

    —          1,391,226        9,513        1,400,739        2.93        (49,642     (4,459

Vietnam

    —          1,047,154        —          1,047,154        2.19        (4,274     (3,405

Others

    —          2,865,810        1,442,543        4,308,353        9.01        (36,988     (26,408
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    12,245,615        18,677,031        2,909,757        33,832,403        70.78        (203,689     (1,910,895
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Europe:

             

Russia

    —          682,407        192,151        874,558        1.83        (37     (24,216

England

    —          511,839        749,992        1,261,831        2.64        (3,780     (555

Belgium

    —          96,854        107,110        203,964        0.43        (329     —     

France

    —          358,196        1,118        359,314        0.75        (7,329     (544

Cyprus

    —          117,467        —          117,467        0.25        (1,856     —     

Netherlands

    —          206,321        674        206,995        0.43        (1,707     (611

Malta

    —          217,025        —          217,025        0.45        (3,240     (124

Others

    —          1,952,091        410,005        2,362,096        4.94        (64,851     (20,954
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          4,142,200        1,461,050        5,603,250        11.72        (83,129     (47,004
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

America:

             

Panama

    —          1,938,012        —          1,938,012        4.05        (5,482     (3,638

United States

    —          1,493,876        121,781        1,615,657        3.38        (12,098     (18,205

The British Virgin Islands

    —          633,818        —          633,818        1.33        (4,875     (733

Mexico

    —          456,838        —          456,838        0.96        (9,270     (2,454

Others

    —          919,515        25,438        944,953        1.98        (2,130     (3,145
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          5,442,059        147,219        5,589,278        11.69        (33,855     (28,175
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Africa:

             

Marshall Islands

    —          1,449,565        —          1,449,565        3.03        (8,860     (2,789

Liberia

    —          823,832        —          823,832        1.72        (10,827     (3,248

Madagascar

    —          487,351        —          487,351        1.02        (3,242     (2,149

Others

    —          4,711        7,746        12,457        0.03        (14,699     (113
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          2,765,459        7,746        2,773,205        5.80        (37,628     (8,299
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  12,245,615        31,026,749      4,525,772      47,798,136        100.00      (358,301   (1,994,373
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

76


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
    Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  

Asia:

             

Korea

  10,528,039      10,679,415      537,479      21,744,933        45.34      (12,240   (1,390,198

China

    —          2,102,600        104,370        2,206,970        4.60        (1,268     (37,167

Saudi Arabia

    —          1,845,640        20,417        1,866,057        3.89        (91,007     (8,989

India

    —          1,267,369        25,316        1,292,685        2.70        (18,336     (3,438

Iran

    —          516,677        542,365        1,059,042        2.21        (39,890     (10,383

Indonesia

    —          907,300        6,064        913,364        1.90        (28,782     (2,306

Vietnam

    —          864,320        20,528        884,848        1.85        (2,025     (4,185

Others

    —          1,874,180        1,751,974        3,626,154        7.56        (13,529     (12,373
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    10,528,039        20,057,501        3,008,513        33,594,053        70.05        (207,077     (1,469,039
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Europe:

             

Russia

    —          800,167        230,712        1,030,879        2.15        (211     (30,150

England

    —          588,324        4,371        592,695        1.24        (6,935     (1,028

Belgium

    —          331,132        117,984        449,116        0.94        (912     (207

France

    —          439,995        5,775        445,770        0.93        (8,965     (491

Cyprus

    —          423,922        —          423,922        0.88        (3,413     (1,408

Netherlands

    —          264,538        69,026        333,564        0.70        (2,251     (1,306

Malta

    —          311,946        —          311,946        0.65        (3,511     (1,438

Others

    —          1,502,563        129,547        1,632,110        3.40        (48,007     (17,253
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          4,662,587        557,415        5,220,002        10.88        (74,205     (53,281
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

America:

             

Panama

    —          2,306,984        —          2,306,984        4.81        (6,786     (4,503

United States

    —          1,418,897        136,884        1,555,781        3.24        (6,723     (18,545

The British Virgin Islands

    —          667,911        —          667,911        1.39        (2,081     (863

Mexico

    —          437,231        —          437,231        0.91        (14,222     (2,126

Bermuda

    —          320,665        —          320,665        0.67        (1,494     (1,695

Others

    —          665,508        29,853        695,361        1.45        (2,606     (2,796
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          5,817,196        166,737        5,983,933        12.48        (33,912     (30,528
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Africa:

             

Marshall Islands

    —          1,575,920        —          1,575,920        3.29        (9,559     (5,192

Liberia

    —          982,839        —          982,839        2.05        (14,236     (4,826

Madagascar

    —          524,752        —          524,752        1.09        (4,192     (2,168

Others

    —          12,986        64,057        77,043        0.16        (1,963     (731
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    —          3,096,497        64,057        3,160,554        6.59        (29,950     (12,917
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  10,528,039      33,633,781      3,796,722      47,958,542        100.00      (345,144   (1,565,765
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

77


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

2) Loans by industry as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    Loans     Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
     

Manufacturing

  9,886,878      17,610,649      314,040      27,811,567        51.69      (181,551   (2,189,124

Transportation

    188,150        5,497,257        —          5,685,407        10.56        (70,332     (26,915

Financial institutions

    165,000        3,177,503        5,254,700        8,597,203        15.98        (6,510     (28,251

Wholesale and retail

    877,781        1,415,308        99,488        2,392,577        4.44        (1,675     (13,134

Real estate

    —          121,887        —          121,887        0.23        (150     (267

Construction

    2,102,888        1,749,992        32,997        3,885,877        7.22        (5,424     (89,544

Public sector and others

    363,791        4,918,062        32,999        5,314,852        9.88        (142,974     (35,065
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  13,584,488      34,490,658      5,734,224      53,809,370        100.00      (408,616   (2,382,300
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    Loans     Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
     

Manufacturing

  9,889,137      16,105,476      388,509      26,383,122        55.20      (157,032   (1,854,773

Transportation

    133,450        6,302,180        —          6,435,630        13.46        (71,998     (25,596

Financial institutions

    150,000        2,649,568        3,991,159        6,790,727        14.21        (8,928     (31,968

Wholesale and retail

    714,449        1,729,262        95,714        2,539,425        5.31        (2,066     (13,910

Real estate

    —          16,602        —          16,602        0.03        —          (21

Construction

    1,218,342        814,539        44,885        2,077,766        4.35        (5,738     (28,451

Public sector and others

    140,237        3,409,122        5,505        3,554,864        7.44        (112,539     (39,654
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  12,245,615      31,026,749      4,525,772      47,798,136        100.00      (358,301   (1,994,373
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

78


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

    Loans     Deferred
loan
origination
fees
    Allowances  
    Loans in
local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
     

Manufacturing

  8,079,117      16,164,198      784,331      25,027,646        52.19      (166,491   (1,427,569

Transportation

    132,790        7,691,419        —          7,824,209        16.31        (74,645     (35,741

Financial institutions

    330,000        3,735,090        2,697,644        6,762,734        14.10        (10,172     (24,285

Wholesale and retail

    1,107,705        1,747,770        203,087        3,058,562        6.38        (2,916     (28,216

Real estate

    —          17,876        —          17,876        0.04        —          (22

Construction

    726,070        1,177,641        —          1,903,711        3.97        (826     (4,458

Public sector and others

    152,357        3,099,787        111,660        3,363,804        7.01        (90,094     (45,474
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  10,528,039      33,633,781      3,796,722      47,958,542        100.00      (345,144   (1,565,765
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

3) Concentration of credit risk of securities (debt securities) by industry as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  
     Amount      Ratio (%)      Amount      Ratio (%)      Amount      Ratio (%)  

AFS financial assets

                 

Government and government sponsored institutions

   70,387         44.32       21,825         75.25       —           —     

Banking and insurance

     77,901         49.05         —           —           5,007         100.00   

Others

     10,522         6.63         7,177         24.75         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     158,810         100.00         29,002         100.00         5,007         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity financial assets

                 

Government and government sponsored institutions

     16,140         36.98         —           —           —           —     

Banking and Insurance

     27,507         63.02         —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     43,647         100.00         —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   202,457          29,002          5,007      
  

 

 

       

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

79


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

4) Concentration of credit risk of securities (debt securities) by country as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  
     Amount      Ratio (%)      Amount      Ratio (%)      Amount      Ratio (%)  

AFS financial assets

                 

Korea

   119,693         75.37       28,887         99.60       —           —     

Others

     39,117         24.63         115         0.40         5,007         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     158,810         100.00         29,002         100.00         5,007         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity financial assets

                 

Korea

     5,299         12.14         —           —           —           —     

Others

     38,348         87.86         —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     43,647         100.00         —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   202,457          29,002          5,007      
  

 

 

       

 

 

       

 

 

    

5) Detail of credit enhancement and its financial effect as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

     Loans (*1)      Acceptances
and
guarantees
     Unused loan
commitments
     Total      Ratio
(%)
 

Maximum exposure to credit risk

   53,400,754       53,696,431       26,689,629       133,786,814         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit enhancement:

              

Deposits and savings

     89,353         31,091         670         121,114         0.09   

Export guarantee insurance

     324,241         1,680,783         —           2,005,024         1.50   

Guarantee

     548,784         634,791         37,389         1,220,964         0.91   

Securities

     127,885         20,105         4,432         152,422         0.11   

Real estate

     1,091,594         152,358         48,114         1,292,066         0.97   

Ships

     3,899,607         —           —           3,899,607         2.91   

Others

     676,343         1,702,389         54,734         2,433,466         1.83   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     6,757,807         4,221,517         145,339         11,124,663         8.32   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exposure to credit risk after deducting credit enhancement

     46,642,947         49,474,914         26,544,290         122,662,151         91.68   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loans represent the amount after loan origination fees and costs.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

     Loans (*1)      Acceptances
and
guarantees
     Unused loan
commitments
     Total      Ratio
(%)
 

Maximum exposure to credit risk

   47,439,835       52,921,160       28,509,194       128,870,189         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit enhancement:

              

Deposits and savings

     145,976         43,478         —           189,454         0.15   

Export guarantee insurance

     371,216         1,696,576         —           2,067,792         1.60   

Guarantee

     1,156,800         621,259         101,520         1,879,579         1.46   

Securities

     175,705         25,084         —           200,789         0.16   

Real estate

     1,065,070         153,448         91,067         1,309,585         1.02   

Ships

     3,765,627         —           —           3,765,627         2.92   

Others

     238,923         1,488,094         425,335         2,152,352         1.66   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     6,919,317         4,027,939         617,922         11,565,178         8.97   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exposure to credit risk after deducting credit enhancement

   40,520,518       48,893,221       27,891,272       117,305,011         91.03   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loans represent the amount after loan origination fees and costs.

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Loans (*1)      Acceptances
and
guarantees
     Unused loan
commitments
     Total      Ratio
(%)
 

Maximum exposure to credit risk

   47,613,398       61,443,235      15,491,099       124,547,732         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit enhancement:

              

Deposits and savings

     153,030         53,475         —           206,505         0.17   

Export guarantee insurance

     120,304         902,550         —           1,022,854         0.82   

Guarantee

     792,461         582,374         252,385         1,627,220         1.31   

Securities

     101,978         20,975         —           122,953         0.10   

Real estate

     975,561         35,156         46,398         1,057,115         0.85   

Ships

     3,700,295         —           —           3,700,295         2.97   

Others

     159,337         791,880         —           951,217         0.76   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     6,002,966         2,386,410         298,783         8,688,159         6.98   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exposure to credit risk after deducting credit enhancement

   41,610,432       59,056,825       15,192,316       115,859,573         93.02   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Loans represent the amount after loan origination fees and costs.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

4-3. Liquidity risk

(1) Overview of liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk of insolvency or loss due to a disparity between the inflow and out flow of funds, and obtaining funds at a high price or disposing of securities at an unfavorable price due to lack of available funds. The Bank manages its liquidity risk through analysis of the contractual maturity of all financial assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items such as loan commitments and guarantees by maturity groups: on demand, up to one month, between over one month to three months, between over three months to 12 months, between over one year to five years and over five years. Disclosed cash flows are undiscounted contractual amounts consisting of principal and interest. Therefore, disclosed cash flows are not same as the amounts in the separate statements of financial position. However, for derivatives, each discounted cash flow consisting of current fair value is presented.

(2) Principles of the liquidity risk management

 Liquidity risk is managed with integration. The Bank measures, reports and controls liquidity risk by quantification with reasonable method.

Liquidity risk reflects financing plans and fund using plans and the Bank reports the liquidity risk with preciseness, timeliness and consistency.

ƒ The Bank establishes liquidity risk managing strategy by analyzing liquidity maturity, liquidity gap structure and market environment.

(3) Liquidity risk management

Risk management department monitors changes by liquidity risk sources and compliance of risk limits. It notifies related departments to prepare countermeasures in case the measured liquidity risk is close to risk limits. Also, it analyzes crisis situations and effects of the crisis situations and reports to the Risk Management Committee on a regular basis. Each related department monitors changes of liquidity risk sources and compliance of risk limits by itself and if exposure to new risk is expected, it discusses the matter with the head of risk management department.

(4) Measurement of liquidity risk

The Bank measures liquidity ratio, liquidity gap ratio and others for local currency and foreign currency and simulates analysis reflecting market environment, product features and the Bank’s strategies.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(5) Analysis on remaining contractual maturity of financial assets and liabilities

Remaining contractual maturity and amount of financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    On demand     Within
1 months
    1 to
3 months
    3 to
6 months
    6 to
12 months
    1 year to
5 years
    Over
5 years
    Total  

Financial assets:

               

Cash and due from financial institutions

  1,693,695      215,731      276,341      —        30,638      —        —        2,216,406   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    855,248        —          —          —          —          —          —          855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          5,151        2,246        9,634        7,089        310,529        43,676        378,324   

Loans

    —          6,803,797        5,620,018        9,239,506        7,080,021        17,289,037        12,246,168        58,278,547   

AFS financial assets

    4,014,264        678        1,163        42,357        63,787        62,000        20,385        4,204,634   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

    —          5,488        521        376        897        38,208        —          45,490   

Other financial assets

    —          803,226        —          —          —          44,213        199        847,638   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  6,563,207      7,834,071      5,900,289      9,291,873      7,182,432      17,743,987      12,310,428      66,826,287   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

               

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

  212,888      —        —        —        —        —        —        212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

    —          —          62,406        253,527        70,106        1,084,141        329,533        1,799,713   

Borrowings

    —          1,441,801        281,050        1,297,452        921,863        1,614,582        —          5,556,748   

Debentures

    —          2,983,389        4,114,891        2,782,075        3,715,001        23,653,549        10,491,755        47,740,660   

Other financial liabilities

    —          940,450        —          —          —          —          107        940,557   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  212,888      5,365,640      4,458,347      4,333,054      4,706,970      26,352,272      10,821,395      56,250,566   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off-balance sheet items:

               

Commitments

  26,689,629      —        —        —        —        —        —        26,689,629   

Financial guarantee contracts

    —          6,210        21,106        94,884        92,001        273,513        5,629,461        6,117,175   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  26,689,629      6,210      21,106      94,884      92,001      273,513      5,629,461      32,806,804   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    On demand     Within
1 months
    1 to
3 months
    3 to
6 months
    6 to
12 months
    1 year to
5 years
    Over
5 years
    Total  

Financial assets:

               

Cash and due from financial institutions

  848,455      505,372      253,144      188,990      127,690      —        —        1,923,651   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    261,525        —          —          —          —          —          —          261,525   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          3,641        8,276        8,499        23,849        507,912        321,096        873,273   

Loans

    4,799        4,995,868        4,821,378        6,938,934        7,215,606        18,241,622        8,230,300        50,448,507   

AFS financial assets

    3,835,930        133        267        400        801        33,808        —          3,871,339   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other financial assets

    —          639,876        —          —          —          40,838        686        681,400   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  4,950,709      6,144,890      5,083,065      7,136,823      7,367,946      18,824,180      8,552,082      58,059,695   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

               

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

  258,531      —        —        —        —        —        —        258,531   

Hedging derivative liabilities

    —          179        60        181,083        109,317        395,028        232,461        918,128   

Borrowings

    —          456,414        168,402        490,693        528,263        1,123,868        —          2,767,640   

Debentures

    —          1,022,528        3,260,873        2,997,834        5,219,714        24,636,735        7,489,707        44,627,391   

Other financial liabilities

    —          898,061        —          —          —          —          108        898,169   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  258,531      2,377,182      3,429,335      3,669,610      5,857,294      26,155,631      7,722,276      49,469,859   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off-balance sheet items:

               

Commitments

  28,509,194      —        —        —        —        —        —        28,509,194   

Financial guarantee contracts

    —          803        7        89,551        162,455        355,889        4,041,704        4,650,409   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  28,509,194      803      7      89,551      162,455      355,889      4,041,704      33,159,603   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

    On demand     Within
1 months
    1 to
3 months
    3 to
6 months
    6 to
12 months
    1 year to
5 years
    Over
5 years
    Total  

Financial assets:

               

Cash and due from financial institutions

  693,141      761,376      550,869      209,063      129,722      —        —        2,344,171   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    578,328        —          —          —          —          —          —          578,328   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          135,274        4,041        10,197        115,226        337,910        391,585        994,233   

Loans

    3,705        4,117,688        5,384,368        8,002,017        6,573,754        18,231,523        8,923,333        51,236,388   

AFS financial assets

    3,700,301        —          —          —          —          —          —          3,700,301   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other financial assets

    —          616,044        —          —          —          33,727        682        650,453   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  4,975,475      5,630,382      5,939,278      8,221,277      6,818,702      8,603,160      9,315,600      59,503,874   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

               

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

  186,934      —        —        —        —        —        —        186,934   

Hedging derivative liabilities

    —          473        4,115        14,189        55,008        293,988        437,845        805,618   

Borrowings

    —          968,478        962,436        1,115,247        927,665        1,434,944        —          5,408,770   

Debentures

    —          1,045,759        1,754,675        3,596,482        7,398,245        22,387,353        7,735,177        43,917,691   

Other financial liabilities

    —          838,770        —          —          —          —          1,111        839,881   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  186,934      2,853,480      2,721,226      4,725,918      8,380,918      24,116,285      8,174,133      51,158,894   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off-balance sheet items:

               

Commitments

  15,301,081      —        —        —        —        —        —        15,301,081   

Financial guarantee contracts

    —          27,836        16        34,694        122,420        547,385        2,796,020        3,528,371   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  15,301,081      27,836      16      34,694      122,420      547,385      2,796,020      18,829,452   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

4-4. Market risk

(1) Overview of market risk

1) Definition of market risk

Market risk is the risk of possible losses that arise from the changes of market factors, such as interest rate, stock price, foreign exchange rate, commodity value and other market factors related to the fair value

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

or future cash flows of the financial instruments. The Bank classifies exposures to market risk into either foreign exchange rate risk or interest rate risk. Foreign exchange risk means that possible losses on assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency due to changes of foreign exchange rate. Interest rate risk means that possible losses on assets and liabilities due to changes of interest rate.

2) Market risk management group

The Bank operates the Risk Management Committee and the Risk Management Council for managing risks and risk limits. The Risk Management Practices Committee assists the Risk Management Committee and the Risk Management Council for practical matters such as managing adequate assets and liabilities by analyzing foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, money balance plan and effects by initiating new product. Market risk is managed by product and currency for minimizing segments exposed to changes of foreign exchange, interest rate and securities’ price. Foreign exchange risk is measured by definite method and probabilistic method and definite method is used for limits management. Interest rate value at risk (VaR) and interest rate earning at risk (“EaR”) are measured by BIS standards, definite method and probabilistic method and definite method is used for limits management. Meanwhile, the Bank performs financial crisis analysis supposing exceptional but possible events for evaluating latent weakness. The analysis is used for important decision making such as risk mitigation, emergency plan development and limit setup. The results of the analysis are reported to the Board of Directors and management on a quarterly basis.

(2) Foreign exchange risk

1) Management of foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk management limit is set up and included in internal capital management limit. A risk management division head monitors changes of foreign exchange risk by source and compliance of risk limits regularly. A finance division head also monitors changes of foreign exchange risk by source and compliance of risk limits. The finance division head needs to cooperate with the risk management division head in case it is expected that the Bank will be exposed to a new risk. The risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures in case it is apprehended that foreign exchange risk exceeds risk limit. If foreign exchange risk exceeds the risk limit, the risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures and reports to Risk Management Committee after resolving the exceeded limit problem.

2) Measurement of foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is managed by foreign exchange VaR and foreign exchange position. Foreign exchange VaR is measured on a monthly basis and foreign exchange position is measured on a daily basis. It is measured separately by currency for assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency exceeding 5% of total assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency.

3) Measurement method

 VaR (Value at Risk)

The Bank measures a yearly VaR. The yearly VaR is a statistically estimated maximum amount of loss that could occur in one year under normal distribution of financial variables. The Bank calculates VaR using equal-

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

weighted-average method based on historical changes in market rates, prices and volatilities over the previous 5 years data and measures VaR at a 99% single tail confidence level. This means the actual amount of loss may exceed the VaR, on average, once out of 100 business days. VaR is a commonly used market risk management technique. However, the method has some shortcomings.

VaR estimates possible losses over a certain period at a particular confidence level using past market movement data. Past market movement, however, is not necessarily a good indicator of future events, as there may be conditions and circumstances in the future that the model does not anticipate. As a result, the timing and magnitude of the actual losses can be different depending on the assumptions made at the time of calculation. In addition, the time periods used for the model, generally one day or ten days, are assumed to be a sufficient holding period before liquidating the relevant underlying positions. If these holding periods are not sufficient, or too long, the VaR results may understate or overstate the potential loss.

Stress testing

The stress testing is carried out to analyze the abnormal market situation reflecting intrinsic volatility of foreign exchange that has significant influent on the value of portfolio. The Bank mainly uses historical scenario tool and supplementally uses hypothetical scenario tool for the analysis of an abnormal market situation. Stress testing is performed at least once in every quarter.

ƒ Results of measurement

Results of foreign exchange VaR as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    2013     2012  
    Average     Minimum     Maximum     Ending     Average     Minimum     Maximum     Ending  

Foreign exchange risk

  226,924      15,832      548,360      186,107      36,449      12,606      75,681      75,681   

Meanwhile, foreign exchange VaR as of January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) amounts to ₩75,681 million.

(3) Interest rate risk

1) Management of interest rate risk

Interest rate risk management limit is set up and included in internal capital management limit. A risk management division head monitors changes of interest rate risk by source and compliance of risk limits regularly. A finance division head also monitors changes of interest rate risk by source and compliance of risk limits. The finance division head needs to cooperate with the risk management division head in case it is expected that the Bank will be exposed to a new risk. The risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures in case it is apprehended that interest rate risk exceeds risk limit. If interest rate risk exceeds the risk limit, the risk management division head orders related divisions to prepare countermeasures and reports to Risk Management Committee after resolving the exceeded limit problem.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

2) Measurement of interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is managed by measuring interest rate EaR and interest rate VaR and uses interest rate sensitivity gap and duration gap as supplementary index. Interest rate EaR and interest rate VaR are measured on a monthly basis, and interest rate sensitivity gap and duration gap are measured on a daily basis. The Bank simulates analysis reflecting market environment, product features and the Bank’s strategies.

3) Measurement method

 VaR (Value at Risk)

The Bank measures a yearly VaR. The yearly VaR is a statistically estimated maximum amount of loss that could occur in one year under normal distribution of financial variables. The Bank calculates VaR using equal-weighted average method based on historical changes in market rates, prices and volatilities over the previous five years data and measures VaR at a 99% single tail confidence level. This means the actual amount of loss may exceed the VaR, on average, once out of 100 business days. VaR is a commonly used market risk management technique. However, the method has some shortcomings.

VaR estimates possible losses over a certain period at a particular confidence level using past market movement data. Past market movement, however, is not necessarily a good indicator of future events, as there may be conditions and circumstances in the future that the model does not anticipate. As a result, the timing and magnitude of the actual losses can be different depending on the assumptions made at the time of calculation. In addition, the time periods used for the model, generally one day or ten days, are assumed to be a sufficient holding period before liquidating the relevant underlying positions. If these holding periods are not sufficient, or too long, the VaR results may understate or overstate the potential loss.

Stress testing

The stress testing is carried out to analyze the abnormal market situation reflecting intrinsic volatility of interest rate that has significant influence on the value of portfolio. The Bank mainly uses historical scenario tool and supplementally uses hypothetical scenario tool for the analysis of an abnormal market situation. Stress testing is performed at least once in every quarter.

ƒ Results of measurement

Results of interest rate VaR as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 and are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  
     Average      Minimum      Maximum      Ending      Average      Minimum      Maximum      Ending  

Interest rate risk

   39,411       1,573       94,084       94,084       38,037       8,116       67,945       46,101   

Meanwhile, interest rate VaR as of January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) amounts to ₩46,123 million.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

4-5. Capital risk

The Bank abides by adequate capital requirements of the Financial Supervisory Service. Beginning on January 1, 2008, the Financial Supervisory Service implemented the new Basel Capital Accord, referred to as Basel II, in Korea, which has substantially affected the way risk is measured among Korean financial institutions. All the local banks are required to maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio (“BIS ratio”) of 8.0%.

A bank’s capital according to Detailed Regulation on Supervision of Banking Business is classified into two categories as follows:

1) Tier 1 capital (Core capital): Core capital includes paid-in capital, capital reserves, retained earnings, non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, unissued stock dividends and hybrid debt.

2) Tier 2 capital (Supplementary capital): Supplementary capital includes revaluation reserves, valuation gain on 45% of accumulated other comprehensive income related to AFS securities and share of other comprehensive income on associates, allowance for credit losses in respect of credits classified as normal or precautionary, redeemable preferred stock that is not included in hybrid debt, and subordinated debt with maturity of over five years.

Risk-weighted assets are defined as the sum of credit risk-weighted assets and market risk-weighted assets. The Bank calculates risk-weighted assets by risk (credit risk, market risk, operating risk) for BIS ratio calculation.

The Bank’s BIS capital ratio on consolidated basis as of December 31, 2013 is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013  

Core capital

   8,723,869   

Supplementary capital

     1,031,297   
  

 

 

 

Total

     9,755,166   
  

 

 

 

Risk-weighted assets

   84,116,848   

Capital ratio

     11.60

The Bank’s BIS capital ratio on consolidated basis under previous GAAP as of December 31, 2012, and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2012  

Core capital

   7,866,759   

Supplementary capital

     1,019,894   
  

 

 

 

Total

     8,886,653   
  

 

 

 

Risk-weighted assets

   76,522,384   

Capital ratio

     11.61

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

     Jan 1, 2012  

Core capital

   6,818,511   

Supplementary capital

     986,725   
  

 

 

 

Total

     7,805,236   
  

 

 

 

Risk-weighted assets

   73,398,056   

Capital ratio

     10.63

5. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

5-1. Classification and fair value

(1) Carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

   

Classification

  Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  
      Carrying
amount
    Fair value     Carrying
amount
    Fair value     Carrying
amount
    Fair value  

Financial assets:

             

Cash and due from financial institutions

  Non-recurring   2,214,755      2,214,745      1,917,583      1,917,774      2,334,643      2,334,663   

Financial assets at FVTPL

  Recurring     855,248        855,248        261,525        261,525        578,328        578,328   

Hedging derivative assets

  Recurring     378,324        378,324        873,273        873,273        994,233        994,233   

Loans

  Non-recurring     51,169,874        51,959,935        45,685,886        45,902,720        46,351,208        46,404,010   

AFS financial assets

  Recurring     4,030,332        4,030,332        3,864,932        3,864,932        3,700,301        3,700,301   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

  Non-recurring     43,647        44,942        —          —          —          —     

Other financial assets

  Non-recurring     847,638        847,638        681,400        681,400        650,453        650,453   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    59,539,818      60,331,164      53,284,599      53,501,624      54,609,166      54,661,988   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

             

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

  Recurring   212,888      212,888      258,531      258,531      186,934      186,934   

Hedging derivative liabilities

  Recurring     1,799,713        1,799,713        918,128        918,128        805,618        805,618   

Borrowings

  Non-recurring     5,488,545        5,492,439        2,755,991        2,718,456        5,351,040        5,293,278   

Debentures

  Non-recurring     42,709,823        42,573,323        40,172,531        40,686,290        39,374,177        38,892,908   

Other financial liabilities

  Non-recurring     940,557        940,557        898,169        898,169        839,882        839,883   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    51,151,526      51,018,920      45,003,350      45,479,574      46,557,651      46,018,621   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For each class of financial assets and financial

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

liabilities, the Bank discloses the fair value of that class of assets and liabilities in a way that permits it to be compared with their carrying amount at the end of each reporting period. The best evidence of fair value of financial instruments is quoted price in an active market.

Methods for measuring fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

 

Financial instruments

  

Method of measuring fair value

Loans and receivables

  

Carrying amount of cash is fair value. As demand deposits and transferable deposits do not have maturity and are readily convertible to cash. Carrying amounts of these deposits are regarded as the nearest amounts of fair values. Fair values of other deposits are determined by discounted cash flow model (“DCF model”).

 

DCF model is used to determine the fair value of loans. Fair value is determined by discounting the expected cash flows by contractual cash flows with prepayment rate taken into account by appropriate discount rate.

Investment securities

   Trading financial assets and liabilities and AFS financial assets are measured at fair value using a quoted market price in an active market. If a quoted market price is not available, they are measured by using a price quoted by a third party, such as a pricing service or broker or using valuation techniques.

Derivatives

  

For exchange traded derivative, quoted price in active market is used to determine fair value and for OTC derivative, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. The Bank uses internally developed valuation models that are widely used by market participants to determine fair value of plain OTC derivatives including option, interest rate swap and currency swap based on observable market parameters. However, some complex financial instruments are valued using the results of independent pricing services, where part or all of the inputs are not observable in the market.

 

The adjustment for credit risk is reflected In cash flow, and the bank’s credit risk are considered in the discount rate

Borrowings

  

Fair value is determined using DCF model discounting contractual future cash flows by appropriate discount rate.

 

The adjustment for credit risk is reflected In cash flow, and the bank’s credit risk are considered in the discount rate

Debentures

  

Fair value of debentures denominated in local currency is determined by using the valuation of independent third-party pricing services in accordance with the market prices that are quoted in active markets.

 

Fair value of debentures denominated in foreign currency is determined by DCF model.

 

The adjustment for credit risk is reflected In cash flow, and the bank’s credit risk are considered in the discount rate

Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities classified as fair value Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are determined by using the valuation of independent third-party pricing services. Meanwhile, carrying amounts of other financial assets and financial liabilities are regarded as the nearest amounts of fair values.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) Fair value hierarchy

Fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Loans and receivables

   —         —         51,959,935       51,959,935   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           44,942         —           44,942   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         43,942       51,959,935       52,004,877   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Borrowings

   —         5,492,439       —         5,492,439   

Debentures

     —           42,573,323         —           42,573,323   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         48,065,762       —         48,065,762   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Loans and receivables

   —         —         45,902,720       45,902,720   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         —         45,902,720       45,902,720   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Borrowings

   —         2,718,456       —         2,718,456   

Debentures

     —           40,686,290         —           40,686,290   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         43,404,746       —         43,404,746   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Loans and receivables

   —         —         46,404,010       46,404,010   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         —         46,404,010       46,404,010   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Borrowings

   —         5,293,278       —         5,293,278   

Debentures

     —           38,892,908         —           38,892,908   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         44,186,186       —         44,186,186   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Financial assets at FVTPL

   700,401       154,847       —         855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

     —           378,324         —           378,324   

AFS financial assets

     244,063         160,655         3,596,430         4,001,148   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   944,464       693,826       3,596,430       5,234,720   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   —         212,888       —         212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           1,799,713         —           1,799,713   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         2,012,601       —         2,012,601   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Financial assets at FVTPL

   —         261,525       —         261,525   

Hedging derivative assets

     —           873,273         —           873,273   

AFS financial assets

     184,277         31,102         3,626,441         3,841,820   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   184,277       1,165,900       3,626,411       4,976,618   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   —         258,531       —         258,531   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           918,128         —           918,128   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         1,176,659       —         1,176,659   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets:

           

Financial assets at FVTPL

   —         578,328       —         578,328   

Hedging derivative assets

     —           994,233         —           994,233   

AFS financial assets

     503,676         8,010         3,164,622         3,676,308   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   503,676       1,580,571       3,164,622       5,248,869   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   —         186,934       —         186,934   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           805,618         —           805,618   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   —         992,552       —         992,552   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The Bank classifies financial instruments as three level of fair value hierarchy as below;

Level 1: Financial instruments measured at quoted prices from active markets are classified as fair value Level 1. This level includes listed equity securities, derivatives, and government bonds traded in an active exchange market.

Level 2: Financial instruments measured using valuation techniques where all significant inputs are observable market data are classified as Level 2. This level includes the majority of debt and general over-the-counter derivatives such as swap, futures and options

Level 3: Financial instruments measured using valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are not based on observable market data are classified as Level 3. This level includes unlisted equity securities, complex structured bonds and complex over-the-counter derivatives.

The best estimate of fair value of financial instruments is a quoted price from active markets when the financial instruments are traded in an active exchange market (Level 1). If a quoted price of a financial instrument is available readily and regularly through exchange markets, sellers, brokers, industry groups, pricing services, supervisory services and the quoted price is arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, the price of the financial instrument is regarded to be disclosed in an active market.

If there is not an active market, fair value of a financial instrument is determined by valuation techniques. The valuation techniques include using a recent transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, fair value of the similar kind financial instrument, DCF, option pricing model and others. If a valuation technique is used by general market participants and the valuation technique can provide reliable estimates of fair values, the valuation technique can be used. The chosen valuation technique makes maximum use of market inputs and relies as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. The valuation techniques include all the inputs considered by market participants for determining price. The Bank adjusts valuation techniques regularly and reviews the validity of the techniques based on observable current price of the same kind financial instruments observable market data. The Bank believes that used valuation techniques are appropriate and fair values in the statements of financial position are reasonable. However, the fair values in the statements of financial position can be changed when different valuation techniques or different assumptions are used. Also, it can be difficult to compare fair values of the Bank to those of other financial institution because various valuation techniques and several assumptions are used.

1) Changes in Level 3 financial assets that are measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

     Beginning
balance
     Profit or
loss
    Other
comprehensive
income
     Purchases/
issues
     Sales/
settlements
    Transfers into
Level 3 /
Transfers out
of Level 3
    Ending
balance
 

Financial assets

                 

AFS financial assets

   3,626,441       (14,586   78,297       21,722       (22,695   (92,749   3,596,430   

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2012)

 

     Beginning
balance
     Profit or
loss
    Other
comprehensive
income
    Purchases/
issues
     Sales/
settlements
    Transfers into
Level 3 /
Transfers out
of Level 3
     Ending
balance
 

Financial assets

                 

AFS financial assets

   3,164,622       (1,069   (38,934   501,999       (177   —         3,626,441   

2) In relation with changes in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, total gains or losses recognized in profit or loss for the period, and total gains or losses for financial instruments held at the end of the reporting period in the separate statement of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions)

 

     2013     2012  

Total gains (losses) for financial instruments held at the end of the reporting period

   20,490      (1,080

Total gains ( losses) included in profit or loss for the period

   (14,586   (1,069

3) The sensitivity of fair value analysis for the level 3 financial instruments

The Bank performed the sensitivity analysis for the level 3 financial instruments which fair value would be measured differently upon reasonably possible alternative assumptions. The Bank classified the effect from changes upon the alternative assumptions into favorable effect and unfavorable effect and presented the most favorable effect or the most unfavorable effect in the table hereunder. Stocks are the financial instruments subject to sensitivity analysis, which are classified as level 3 and of which changes in fair value are recognized as other comprehensive income. Meanwhile, equity instruments which are recognized as cost among the financial instruments which are classified as level 3 are excluded in the sensitivity analysis.

Sensitivity analysis details per market risk variable of each Level 3 financial instrument held and measured at fair value as of December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

     Net income (loss)      Other comprehensive income (loss)  
     Favorable      Unfavorable          Favorable              Unfavorable      

Financial assets:

           

AFS Financial assets (*)

   —         —         6,014,237       (1,338,632

 

(*) Changes in fair value of stocks are computed along with the increases or decreases in either growth rate from nil to 1 percent and discount rate or liquidation value from negative 1 percent to 1 percent and discount rate, which are unobservable inputs.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(3) The table below provides the Bank’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are carried at cost since the fair values of the financial instruments are not readily determinable in the separate statements of financial position as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) (Korean won in millions)

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

AFS financial assets

        

Unlisted securities (*)

   537       797       1,486   

Equity investments to un- incorporated entities. (*)

     28,181         22,315         22,507   

Others (*)

     466         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   29,184       23,112       23,993   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) AFS financial assets are unlisted equity securities and equity investments and recorded as at cost since they do not have quoted prices in an active market and the fair values are not measured with reliability.

5-2. Carrying amounts of financial instruments

Carrying amounts of financial instruments as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

    Financial assets at
FVTPL
    Loans     Available-
for-sale
financial
assets
    Held-to-
maturity
financial
assets
    Hedging
derivative
assets
    Total  
    Trading            

Financial assets:

           

Cash and due from financial institutions

  —        2,214,755      —        —        —        2,214,755   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    855,248        —          —          —          —          855,248   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          —          —          —          378,324        378,324   

Loans

    —          51,169,874        —          —          —          51,169,874   

Financial investments

    —          —          4,030,332        43,647        —          4,073,979   

Other financial assets

    —          847,638        —          —          —          847,638   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  855,248      54,232,267      4,030,332      43,647      378,324      59,539,818   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     Financial liabilities
at FVTPL
     Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
     Hedging
derivative
liabilities
     Total  
     Trading           

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   212,888       —         —         212,888   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           —           1,799,713         1,799,713   

Borrowings

     —           5,488,545         —           5,488,545   

Debentures

     —           42,709,823         —           42,709,823   

Other financial liabilities

     —           940,557         —           940,557   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   212,888       49,138,925       1,799,713       51,151,526   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

    Financial assets at
FVTPL
    Loans     Available-
for-sale
financial
assets
    Held-to-
maturity
financial
assets
    Hedging
derivative
assets
    Total  
    Trading            

Financial assets:

           

Cash and due from financial institutions

  —        1,917,583      —        —        —        1,917,583   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    261,525        —          —          —          —          261,525   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          —          —          —          873,273        873,273   

Loans

    —          45,685,886        —          —          —          45,685,886   

Financial investments

    —          —          3,864,932        —          —          3,864,932   

Other financial assets

    —          681,400        —          —          —          681,400   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  261,525      48,284,869      3,864,932      —        873,273      53,284,599   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     Financial liabilities at
FVTPL
     Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
     Hedging
derivative
liabilities
     Total  
     Trading           

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   258,531       —         —         258,531   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           —           918,128         918,128   

Borrowings

     —           2,755,991         —           2,755,991   

Debentures

     —           40,172,531         —           40,172,531   

Other financial liabilities

     —           898,169         —           898,169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   258,531       43,826,691       918,128       45,003,350   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

    Financial assets at
FVTPL
    Loans     Available-
for-sale
financial
assets
    Held-to-
maturity
financial
assets
    Hedging
derivative
assets
    Total  
    Trading            

Financial assets:

           

Cash and due from financial institutions

  —        2,334,643      —        —        —        2,334,643   

Financial assets at FVTPL

    578,328        —          —          —          —          578,328   

Hedging derivative assets

    —          —          —          —          994,233        994,233   

Loans

    —          46,351,208        —          —          —          46,351,208   

Financial investments

    —          —          3,700,301        —          —          3,700,301   

Other financial assets

    —          650,453        —          —          —          650,453   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  578,328      49,336,304      3,700,301      —        994,233      54,609,166   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

97


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

     Financial liabilities at
FVTPL
     Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
     Hedging
derivative
liabilities
     Total  
     Trading           

Financial liabilities:

           

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

   186,934       —         —         186,934   

Hedging derivative liabilities

     —           —           805,618         805,618   

Borrowings

     —           5,351,040         —           5,351,040   

Debentures

     —           39,374,177         —           39,374,177   

Other financial liabilities

     —           839,883         —           839,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   186,934       45,565,100       805,618       46,557,652   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

5-3. Offset on financial assets and financial liabilities

The Bank has conditional rights of setoff that are enforceable and exercisable only in the events mentioned in agreements regardless of meeting some or all of the offsetting criteria in K-IFRS 1032 for derivative assets, derivative liabilities, receivable spot exchanges and payable spot exchanges. Cash collaterals do not meet the offsetting criteria in K-IFRS 1032 but they can be set off with net amount of derivative assets and derivatives liabilities and net amount of receivables spot exchanges and payable spot exchanges.

The effects of netting agreements as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follow (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

            Net basis
measured in
the financial
statements
     Amount that is not offset in the
financial statements
       
     Recognized
total amount
        Financial
instruments
     Cash
collateral
    Net amount  

Financial assets:

             

Derivatives

   533,170       533,170       (335,976    (16,522   180,672   

Available-for-sale financial assets with repurchase agreement (RP)

     16,173         16,173         (13,945      —          2,228   

Held-to-maturity financial assets with repurchase agreement (RP)

     38,348         38,348         (33,543      —          4,805   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
   587,691       587,691       (383,464    (16,522   187,705   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

             

Derivatives

   2,012,600       2,012,600       (335,976    —        1,676,624   

RP

     47,489         47,489         (47,489      —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   2,060,089       2,060,089       (383,465    —        1,676,624   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

98


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

            Net basis
measured in
the financial
statements
     Amount that is not offset in the
financial statements
        
     Recognized
total amount
        Financial
instruments
     Cash
collateral
     Net amount  

Financial assets:

              

Derivatives

   918,299       918,299       (355,764    (177    562,358   

Financial liabilities:

              

Derivatives

   1,176,659       1,176,659       (355,764    (2    820,893   

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

            Net basis
measured in
the financial
statements
     Amount that is not offset in the
financial statements
       
     Recognized
total amount
        Financial
instruments
     Cash
collateral
    Net amount  

Financial assets:

             

Derivatives

   1,199,017       1,199,017       (454,449    (109,298   635,270   

Financial liabilities:

             

Derivatives

   992,552       992,552       (454,449    —        538,103   

6. OPERATING SEGMENT

Though the Bank conducts business activities related to financial services, in accordance with relevant laws such as the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act, it does not report separate segment information, as management considers the Bank to be operating under one core business.

7. CASH AND DUE FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

(1) Due from financial institutions as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Due from financial institutions in local currency

   357,188      567,243      607,541   

Due from financial institutions in foreign currencies

     1,857,567        1,350,340        1,727,102   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     2,214,755        1,917,583        2,334,643   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Restricted due from financial institutions

     (407     (4     (18

Due from financial institutions with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition date

     (782,321     (1,069,128     (427,000
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (782,728     (1,069,132     (427,018
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total (*)

   1,432,027      848,451      1,907,625   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) It is equal to the due from financial institutions as presented on the separate statements of cash flows.

 

99


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) Details of cash and due from financial institutions as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  Dec 31, 2013   Dec 31, 2012   Jan 1, 2012
  Amount    

Interest (%)

  Amount    

Interest (%)

  Amount    

Interest (%)

Due from financial institutions in local currency:

           

Reserve deposits

  —          4        18     

Demand deposits

    788          639          973     

Time deposits

    310,000      2.68 ~ 3.23     555,000      3.00 ~ 4.00     592,000      3.80 ~ 4.14

Others

    46,400      2.70 ~ 2.70     11,600      2.70 ~ 2.70     14,550      2.70 ~ 2.70
 

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   
    357,188          567,243          607,541     
 

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Due from financial institutions in foreign currencies:

           

Demand deposits

    39,090          59,670          84,079     

Time deposits

    211,060      0.25 ~ 0.40     514,128      0.67 ~ 1.28     1,049,502      0.73 ~ 1.26

On demand

    36,940          33,193          21,379     

Offshore demand deposits

    808          2,552          482     

Others

    1,569,262      0.00 ~ 0.45     740,797      0.00 ~ 0.45     571,660      0.00 ~ 0.60

Margin for derivatives

    407          —            —       
 

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   
    1,857,567          1,350,340          1,727,102     
 

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Total

  2,214,755        1,917,583        2,334,643     
 

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

(3) Restricted due from financial institutions as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  

Financial Institution

  Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012    

Reason for restriction

Reserve deposits

   BOK   —        4      18      Bank of Korea Act

Others

  

DEUTSCHE BANK AG,

FRANKFURT AM MAIN

    407        —          —        Credit support annex for derivative transactions
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
  

Total

  407      4      18     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

100


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

8. FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS

Details of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Equity securities

        

Beneficiary certificates

   700,401       216,500       373,544   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative assets

        

Interest product

     1,234         5,546         6,287   

Currency product

     153,613         39,479         198,497   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     154,847         45,025         204,784   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   855,248       261,525       578,328   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

9. FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS

Details of financial investments as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

AFS securities in local currency

        

Equity securities

        

Marketable securities

   244,063       337,194       592,792   

Non-marketable securities

     3,596,966         3,474,321         3,076,560   

Equity investments to un- incorporated entities

     28,181         22,315         22,939   

Others

     2,386         2,013         3,003   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     3,871,596         3,835,843         3,695,294   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

AFS securities in foreign currency

        

Debt securities

        

Debt securities

     158,704         29,002         5,007   

Equity securities

        

Equity securities

     32         87         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     158,736         29,089         5,007   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities in foreign currency

        

Debt securities

        

Debt securities

     43,647         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   4,073,979       3,864,932       3,700,301   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

101


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

10. LOANS

Loans as presented below do not include loan valuation adjustment related to fair value hedging amounting to ₩151,420 million, ₩240,423 million and ₩303,575 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS).

(1) Details of loans as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

   

Detail

   Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Loans in local currency

 

Loans for export

   8,983,664      8,114,939      7,680,948   
 

Loans for overseas investments

     884,197        1,474,651        1,278,107   
 

Loans for import

     1,372,994        1,418,227        1,293,707   
 

Troubled Debt Restructuring

     2,144,957        1,059,266        258,805   
 

Others

     198,676        178,532        16,472   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
       13,584,488        12,245,615        10,528,039   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in foreign currency

 

Loans for export

     16,516,899        13,718,649        15,374,527   
 

Loans for overseas investments

     15,606,122        14,717,700        14,270,392   
 

Loans for rediscounted trading notes

     643,733        776,548        1,990,901   
 

Loans for import

     634,593        849,252        940,826   
 

Overseas funding loans

     651,124        730,194        777,729   
 

Domestic usance bills

     194,976        206,966        256,340   
 

Others

     243,211        27,440        23,066   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
       34,490,658        31,026,749        33,633,781   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Others

 

Bills bought

     —          —          34,406   
 

Foreign-currency bills bought

     1,214,071        1,570,874        2,038,759   
 

Advance for customers

     37,549        84,987        70,381   
 

Call loans

     4,435,115        1,904,452        1,539,861   
 

Interbank loans in foreign currency

     47,489        965,459        113,315   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
       5,734,224        4,525,772        3,796,722   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     53,809,370        47,798,136        47,958,542   
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (408,616     (358,301     (345,144
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (2,382,300     (1,994,373     (1,565,765
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Total

   51,018,454      45,445,462      46,047,633   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

102


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) Loans classified by customer as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

   

Detail

   Loans in local
currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Customer

 

Large corporations

   6,468,172      17,810,959      176,405      24,455,536        54.01   
 

Small and medium companies

     6,941,277        5,403,513        272,170        12,616,960        27.86   
 

Public sector and others

     10,040        8,168,860        30,949        8,209,849        18.13   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     13,419,489        31,383,332        479,524        45,282,345        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (2,217     (399,890     —          (402,107  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (2,098,562     (233,005     (22,551     (2,354,118  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
       11,318,710        30,750,437        456,973        42,526,120     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Financial institution

 

Banks

     165,000        1,916,492        4,547,447        6,628,939        77.74   
 

Others

     —          1,190,834        707,252        1,898,086        22.26   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     165,000        3,107,326        5,254,699        8,527,025        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     —          (5,858     (651     (6,509  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (150     (25,180     (2,852     (28,182  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
       164,850        3,076,288        5,251,196        8,492,334     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Total

   11,483,560      33,826,725      5,708,169      51,018,454     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

103


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

   

Detail

   Loans in
local currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Customer

 

Large corporations

   5,945,320      9,551,835      82,838      15,579,993        37.99   
 

Small and medium companies

     1,239,109        1,683,279        9,176        2,931,564        7.15   
 

Public sector and others

     4,911,187        17,142,068        442,599        22,495,854        54.86   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     12,095,616        28,377,182        534,613        41,007,411        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (3,103     (346,272     —          (349,375  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (1,638,627     (279,311     (44,467     (1,962,405  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
       10,453,886        27,751,599        490,146        38,695,631     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Financial institution

 

Banks

     150,000        2,021,260        3,970,409        6,141,669        90.44   
 

Others

     —          628,307        20,749        649,056        9.56   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     150,000        2,649,567        3,991,158        6,790,725        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     —          (6,960     (1,966     (8,926  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (134     (11,901     (19,933     (31,968  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
       149,866        2,630,706        3,969,259        6,749,831     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Total

   10,603,752      30,382,305      4,459,405      45,445,462     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

104


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

   

Detail

   Loans in
local currency
    Loans in
foreign
currencies
    Others     Total     Ratio
(%)
 

Customer

 

Large corporations

   8,197,556      12,748,478      290,108      21,236,142        51.51   
 

Small and medium companies

     1,983,583        2,797,277        83,179        4,864,039        11.80   
 

Public sector and others

     16,900        14,352,937        755,959        15,125,796        36.69   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     10,198,039        29,898,692        1,129,246        41,225,977        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     (2,571     (334,442     —          (337,013  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (1,097,878     (373,416     (70,186     (1,541,480  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
       9,097,590        29,190,834        1,059,060        39,347,484     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Financial institution

 

Banks

     330,000        3,085,782        2,646,424        6,062,206        90.04   
 

Others

     —          649,308        21,051        670,359        9.96   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Balance

     330,000        3,735,090        2,667,475        6,732,565        100.00   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     —          (8,131     —          (8,131  
 

Allowance for loan losses

     (291     (13,555     (10,439     (24,285  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
       329,709        3,713,404        2,657,036        6,700,149     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
 

Total

   9,427,299      32,904,238      3,716,096      46,047,633     
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

(3) Changes in net deferred origination fees and costs for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase     Decrease     Ending
balance
 

Deferred origination fees

   (358,677   (143,228   (93,047   (408,858

Deferred origination costs

     376        —          134        242   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (358,301   (143,228   (92,913   (408,616
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

105


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2012)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase     Decrease     Ending
balance
 

Deferred origination fees

   (345,574   (77,441   (64,338   (358,677

Deferred origination costs

     430        179        233        376   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (345,144   (77,262   (64,105   (358,301
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(4) Changes in allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total  

Beginning balance

   1,699,721      294,652      1,994,373   

Written-off

     (48,995     (44,317     (93,312

Collection of written-off loans

     —          2,406        2,406   

Loan-for-equity swap

     (100,768     (20,944     (121,712

Others

     —          23,609        23,609   

Elimination of discounts effect

     (16,284     (1,791     (18,075

Foreign exchange translation

     (2,784     (2,044     (4,828

Provision for loan losses

     547,852        51,987        599,839   

Transfer

     20,541        (20,541     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   2,099,283      283,017      2,382,300   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2012)

 

     Individual
assessment
    Collective
assessment
    Total  

Beginning balance

   1,291,680      274,085      1,565,765   

Written-off

     (155,700     (18,821     (174,521

Collection of written-off loans

     41        801        842   

Debt-for-equity swap

     (3,522     (816     (4,338

Others

     (5,485     (301     (5,786

Elimination of discounts effect

     (14,889     (1,181     (16,070

Foreign exchange translation

     (7,131     (7,343     (14,474

Transfer in

     537,716        105,239        642,955   

Transfer out

     57,011        (57,011     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   1,699,721      294,652      1,994,373   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

106


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

11. INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES AND SUBSIDIARIES

(1) Details of investments in associates and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Company

   Detail    Location    Business    Ownership
(%)
     Net Asset
value
    Carrying
Amount
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   Subsidiary    United Kingdom    Finance      100.00       44,872      48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

   Subsidiary    Vietnam    Finance      100.00         9,849        10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Subsidiary    Indonesia    Finance      85.00         16,388        25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Subsidiary    Hong Kong    Finance      100.00         50,147        49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

   Associate    Korea    Finance      25.86         388,681        380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund (*)

   Associate    Philippines    Finance      14.28         107,731        115,486   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co, Ltd.

   Associate    Korea    Shipbuilding      33.99         (628,827     10   
              

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

                 629,160   
              

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Company

   Detail    Location    Business    Ownership
(%)
     Net asset
value
     Carrying
Amount
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   Subsidiary    England    Finance      100.00       39,965       48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

   Subsidiary    Vietnam    Finance      100.00         8,979         10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

   Subsidiary    Indonesia    Finance      85.00         18,997         25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

   Subsidiary    Hong Kong    Finance      100.00         48,514         49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

   Associate    Korea    Finance      25.86         379,708         380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund (*)

   Associate    Philippines    Finance      14.28         109,137         115,486   
              

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

                  629,150   
              

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

107


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Company

   Detail      Location    Business      Ownership
(%)
     Net asset
value
     Book value  

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     Subsidiary       England      Finance         100.00       34,993       48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     Subsidiary       Vietnam      Finance         100.00         8,852         10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     Subsidiary       Indonesia      Finance         85.00         24,116         25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     Subsidiary       Hong Kong      Finance         100.00         47,426         49,139   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund (*)

     Associate       Philippines      Finance         14.28         104,120         115,486   
              

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

                  248,630   
              

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) As of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS), CGIF is classified into an associate because the Bank has significant influence in the way of representation on the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the investee.

(2) Changes in investments in associates and subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

Company

   Detail      Beginning
balance
     Acquisition      Ending
balance
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     Subsidiary       48,460       —         48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     Subsidiary         10,275         —           10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     Subsidiary         25,270         —           25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     Subsidiary         49,139         —           49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     Associate         380,520         —           380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     Associate         115,486         —           115,486   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.

     Associate         —           10         10   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

      629,150       10       629,160   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(2012)

 

Company

   Detail      Beginning
balance
     Acquisition      Ending
balance
 

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     Subsidiary       48,460       —         48,460   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     Subsidiary         10,275         —           10,275   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     Subsidiary         25,270         —           25,270   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     Subsidiary         49,139         —           49,139   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     Associate         —           380,520         380,520   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     Associate         115,486         —           115,486   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

      248,630       380,520       629,150   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

108


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(3) Summarized financial information of associates and subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

Company

   Assets      Liabilities      Operating
income
    Net income  

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     455,482         410,611         6,749        5,110   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     124,882         115,033         1,344        1,039   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     163,849         144,569         3,093        2,568   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     356,724         306,577         4,621        3,844   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     3,085,016         1,588,103         60,742        53,846   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     756,255         2,366         2,348        2,344   

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.

     2,016,279         3,866,313         (109,801     (222,247

(2012)

 

Company

   Assets      Liabilities      Operating
income
     Net income  

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     446,721         406,756         28,950         6,488   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     109,237         100,258         4,733         797   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     179,383         157,034         9,064         1,891   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     347,577         299,063         15,392         3,970   

Korea Asset Management Corporation

     3,100,410         1,632,089         77,703         90,040   

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     764,312         586         3,684         3,686   

12. TANGIBLE ASSETS

(1) Details of tangible assets as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Acquisition cost      Accumulated
depreciation
    Book value  

Lands

   189,585       —        189,585   

Buildings

     44,741         (23,014     21,727   

Vehicles

     2,944         (2,006     938   

Furniture and fixture

     21,427         (14,325     7,102   

Construction in progress

     17,167         —          17,167   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   275,864       (39,345   236,519   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

109


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Detail

   Acquisition cost      Accumulated
depreciation
    Book value  

Lands

   189,585       —        189,585   

Buildings

     44,741         (21,558     23,183   

Vehicles

     2,723         (1,852     871   

Furniture and fixture

     18,965         (15,225     3,740   

Construction in progress

     10,700         —          10,700   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   266,714       (38,635   228,079   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Detail

   Acquisition cost      Accumulated
depreciation
    Book value  

Lands

   189,585       —        189,585   

Buildings

     45,208         (20,288     24,920   

Vehicles

     2,744         (1,927     817   

Furniture and fixture

     17,647         (14,685     2,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   255,184       (36,900   218,284   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in tangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Ending
balance
 

Lands

   189,585       —         —        —        189,585   

Buildings

     23,183         —           —          (1,456     21,727   

Vehicles

     871         479         (24     (388     938   

Furniture and fixture

     3,740         4,945         (4     (1,579     7,102   

Construction in progress

     10,700         6,467         —          —          17,167   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   228,079       11,891       (28   (3,423   236,519   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2012)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Ending
balance
 

Lands

   189,585       —         —        —        189,585   

Buildings

     24,920         —           (274     (1,463     23,183   

Vehicles

     817         438         (24     (360     871   

Furniture and fixture

     2,962         1,795         (13     (1,004     3,740   

Construction in progress

     —           10,700         —          —          10,700   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   218,284       12,933       (311   (2,827   228,079   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

110


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

13. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

(1) Details of intangible assets as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book value  

Computer software

   8,099       (4,145   —        3,954   

System development fees

     20,507         (11,934     —          8,573   

Memberships

     6,195         —          (1,294     4,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   34,801       (16,079   (1,294   17,428   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Detail

   Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book value  

Computer software

   6,071       (3,264   —        2,807   

System development fees

     17,961         (11,079     —          6,882   

Memberships

     6,089         —          (507     5,582   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   30,121       (14,343   (507   15,271   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Detail

   Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book value  

Computer software

   4,314       (2,548   —        1,766   

System development fees

     8,482         (3,672     —          4,810   

Memberships

     6,089         —          (476     5,613   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   18,885       (6,220   (476   12,189   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Impairment     Ending
balance
 

Computer software

   2,807       2,026       —        (879   —        3,954   

System development fees

     6,882         2,546         —          (855     —          8,573   

Memberships

     5,582         313         (208     —          (786     4,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   15,271       4,885       (208   (1,734   (786   17,428   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2012)

 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
     Acquisitions      Depreciation     Impairment     Ending
balance
 

Computer software

   1,766       1,757       (716   —        2,807   

System development fees

     4,810         2,953         (881     —          6,882   

Memberships

     5,613         —           —          (31     5,582   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   12,189       4,710       (1,597   (31   15,271   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

14. OTHER ASSETS

(1) Details of other assets as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Other financial assets :

      

Guarantee deposits

   36,632      33,606      26,255   

Accounts receivable

     128,263        599        44,494   

Accrued income

     682,573        647,045        579,641   

Receivable spot exchange

     170        150        63   

Allowances for loan losses on other assets

     (14,304     (1,335     (1,407
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     833,334        680,065        649,046   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other assets :

      

Prepaid expenses

     4,064        1,987        7,879   

Sundry assets

     8,952        10,560        9,042   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     13,016        12,547        16,921   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   846,350      692,612      665,967   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in allowances for loan losses on other assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013        2012  

Beginning balance

   1,335         1,407   

Written-off

     —             (5

Transfers in (out)

     12,969           (63

Foreign exchange translation

     —             (4

Others

     —             —     
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

Ending balance

   14,304         1,335   
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

15. BORROWINGS

(1) Details of borrowings as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Detail

  

Lender

   Interest rate (%)      Amount (*)  

Borrowings in foreign currency:

        

Long term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, Ltd., and others      0.73~2.02       2,374,283   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (8,337

Commercial papers

   CITIBANK N.A., HONG KONG and others      0.2~0.81         2,830,263   

Offshore long term borrowings

   SUMITOMO MITSUI TRUST BANK, Limited      0.98~0.98         31,659   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (54

Others (Foreign banks)

        0.33~3.35         194,975   

Others (CSA—Credit Support Annex)

   STANDARD CHARTERED BANK      —           18,267   
        

 

 

 

Subtotal

           5,441,056   
        

 

 

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreement

        —           47,489   
        

 

 

 

Total

         5,488,545   
        

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Detail

  

Lender

   Interest rate (%)      Amount (*)  

Borrowings in foreign currency

        

Short term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   CITIBANK JAPAN LTD      0.77~0.77       24,950   

Long term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, Ltd., and others      0.98~1.33         1,446,931   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (7,606

Commercial papers

   ING BANK NV and others      0.24~1.19         755,875   

Offshore short term borrowings in foreign currency

   NATIONAL BANK OF ABU DHABI and others      1.01~1.01         107,110   

Offshore long term borrowings in foreign currency

   NATIONAL BANK OF ABU DHABI and others      1.01~1.01         32,133   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (403

Others (Foreign banks)

        0.71~3.59         206,966   

Others (CSA)

        0.00~0.19         190,035   
        

 

 

 

Total

         2,755,991   
        

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Detail

  

Lender

   Interest rate (%)      Amount (*)  

Call Money:

        

Call money in won

   SHINHAN BANK and others      3.18       20,000   

Call money in foreign currency

   THE KOREA DEVELOPMENT BANK      5.33~5.35         47,940   
        

 

 

 

Subtotal

           67,940   
        

 

 

 

Borrowings in foreign currency

        

Short term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   CITI BANK N.A and others      0.88~1.48         405,725   

Long term borrowings from foreign financial institutions

   BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, Ltd., and others      0.73~2.02         2,341,430   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (8,956

Commercial papers

   CITIBANK N.A., HONG KONG and others      0.2~0.81         2,103,275   

Offshore long term borrowings

   SUMITOMO MITSUI TRUST BANK, Limited      0.98~0.98         63,432   

Discount on borrowings

        —           (234

Others (Foreign banks)

        0.33~3.35         256,340   

Others (CSA)

   STANDARD CHARTERED BANK      —           122,088   
        

 

 

 

Subtotal

           5,283,100   
        

 

 

 

Total

         5,351,040   
        

 

 

 

 

(*) Amounts as presented here do not include present value discounts.

(2) Details of borrowings from financial institutions as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Securities sold under
repurchase agreement
     Borrowings in foreign
currency
     Total (*)  

Banks

   47,489       5,441,056       5,488,545   

Others

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   47,489       5,441,056       5,488,545   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Detail

   Borrowings in  foreign
currency
     Total (*)  

Banks

   2,723,858       2,723,858   

Others

     32,133         32,133   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   2,755,991       2,755,991   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Detail

   Call money      Borrowings in  foreign
currency
     Total (*)  

Banks

   47,940       5,171,967       5,219,907   

Others

     20,000         111,133         131,133   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   67,940       5,283,100       5,351,040   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Borrowings as presented here do not include present value discounts.

16. DEBENTURES

Details of debentures as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  
   Interest rate
(%)
     Amount     Interest rate
(%)
     Amount     Interest rate
(%)
     Amount  

Local currency:

               

Floating rate

     2.65~3.76       1,490,000        —         —          3.58~3.59       300,000   

Fixed rate

     2.69~5.27         6,640,000        2.69~5.27         7,330,000        3.30~5.27         7,230,000   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
        8,130,000           7,330,000           7,530,000   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Discount on debentures:

        (21,810        (13,873        (76,317

Loss on fair value hedged items

        —             —             (1,679
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
        8,108,190           7,316,127           7,452,004   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Foreign currency:

               

Floating rate

     0.32~10.00         4,363,720        0.43~5.15         2,344,844        0.70~5.09         2,757,586   

Fixed rate

     0.30~10.49         30,350,557        0.50~14.00         29,973,370        0.50~10.47         28,705,247   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
        34,714,277           32,318,214           31,462,833   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Gain on fair value of hedged items

        70,322           811,133           759,645   

Discount on debentures

        (182,966        (272,943        (300,305
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
        34,601,633           32,856,404           31,922,173   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Total

      42,709,823         40,172,531         39,374,177   
     

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

17. PROVISIONS

(1) Details of provisions as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Provisions for acceptances and guarantees

   155,613       169,684       298,497   

Provisions for unused loan commitments

     89,742         54,950         144,499   

Others

     —           —           44,492   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   245,355       224,634       487,488   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(2) Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

Detail

   Acceptances
and guarantees
    Unused loan
commitments
    Total  

Beginning balance

   169,684      54,950      224,634   

Foreign exchange translation

     (117     (87     (204

Transfers in (out)

     (13,957     34,882        20,925   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   155,610      89,745      245,355   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2012)

 

Detail

   Acceptances
and guarantees
    Unused loan
commitments
    Other     Total  

Beginning balance

   298,497      144,499      44,492      487,488   

Foreign exchange translation

     (65     (35     —          (100

Transfers in (out)

     (128,748     (89,514     (44,492     (262,754
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   169,684      54,950      —        224,634   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

18. RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN

The Bank operates both defined benefit plan and defined contribution plan.

(1) Defined benefit plan

The Bank operates defined benefit plans which have the following characteristics:

 

   

The entity has the obligation to pay the agreed benefits to all its current and past employees.

 

   

The entity is liable for actuarial risk (excess of actual payment against expected amount) and investment risk.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The present value of the defined benefit obligation recognized in the separate statements of financial position is calculated annually by independent actuaries in accordance with actuarial valuation method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is calculated using the Projected Unit Credit method (the ‘PUC’). The data used in the PUC such as interest rates, future salary increase rate, mortality rate, consumer price index and expected return on plan asset are based on observable market data and historical data which are annually updated.

Actuarial assumptions may differ from actual results, due to change in the market, economic trend and mortality trend which may affect defined benefit obligation liabilities and future payments. Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period incurred through other comprehensive income or loss.

(2) Details of defined benefit obligation as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Present value of defined benefit obligations

   62,179      61,067      53,793   

Fair value of plan assets

     (34,311     (28,324     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit obligation, net

   27,868      32,743      53,793   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(3) Changes in net defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

     Present value of  the
defined benefit
obligation
    Plan assets     Net defined
benefit  obligation
 

Beginning balance

   61,067      (28,324   32,743   

Contributions from the employer

     —          (5,997     (5,997

Current service cost

     8,671        (1,301     7,370   

Interest expense (income)

     2,796        —          2,796   

Return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest income above

     —          300        300   

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions

     —          —          —     

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

     (3,994     —          (3,994

Actuarial gains and losses arising from empirical adjustment

     (4,825     —          (4,825

Management fee on plan assets

     —          158        158   

Benefits paid

     (1,536     853        (683
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   62,179      (34,311   27,868   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2012)

 

     Present value of  the
defined benefit
obligation
    Plan assets     Net defined
benefit obligation
 

Beginning balance

   53,793      —        53,793   

Contributions from the employer

     —          (27,864     (27,864

Current service cost

     7,454        —          7,454   

Interest expense (income)

     2,946        (467     2,479   

Return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest income above

     —          —          —     

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions

     —          —          —     

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

     2,152        —          2,152   

Benefits paid

     (5,278     7        (5,271
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   61,067      (28,324   32,743   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(4) Details of plan assets as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Cash and cash equivalent

   8,429       16,901       —     

Debt securities

     2,362         4,467         —     

Derivatives

     —           2         —     

Asset-backed-securities

     —           141         —     

Others

     23,520         6,813         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   34,311       28,324       —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(5) Actuarial assumptions used in retirement benefit obligation assessment as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows:

 

     Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Discount rate

     5.06     4.59     4.59

Expected wage growth rate

     3.04     3.04     3.04

(6) Assuming that all the other assumptions remain unchanged, the effect of changes in the significant actuarial assumptions which were made within the reasonable limit on retirement benefit obligations as of December 31, 2013 is as follows:

 

Description

   1% Increase     1% Decrease  

Change of discount rate

   (7,415   8,951   

Change of future salary increase rate:

   9,042      (7,608

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The above sensitivity analysis does not present any actual changes in the retirement benefit obligations as there is no change in actuarial assumptions which is independently made due to the correlation among the assumptions. In addition, the actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits in the sensitivity analysis is determined using the projected unit credit method, which is used in the calculation of the retirement benefit obligations in the separate financial statements.

(7) Retirement benefit cost incurred from the defined contribution plan for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Retirement benefit cost

   494       132   

19. OTHER LIABILITIES

Details of other liabilities as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Other financial liabilities:

        

Guarantee deposits

   375,123       284,249       219,142   

Foreign exchanges payable

     37         63,794         95,419   

Accounts payable

     5,256         4,914         10,004   

Accrued expenses

     560,033         545,104         514,206   

Guarantee deposit received

     108         108         1,112   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     940,557         898,169         839,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other liabilities:

        

Allowance for credit loss in derivatives

     10,757         14,554         25,934   

Unearned income

     141,833         110,956         68,318   

Sundry liabilities

     6,620         10,809         107,124   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     159,210         136,319         201,376   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,099,767       1,034,488       1,041,259   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

20. DERIVATIVES

The Bank operates derivatives for trading and hedging instrument. Derivatives held for trading purpose are included in financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL.

(1) Fair value hedge

Fair value hedge is a hedge of the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment, or an identified portion of such an asset, liability or firm commitment, that is attributable to a particular risk and could affect profit or loss. When applying fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk shall adjust the carrying amount of the hedged item and be recognized in profit or loss.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

The Bank shall discontinue prospectively the cash flow hedge if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the Bank revokes the designation. Any adjustment arising from the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk to the carrying amount of a hedged financial instrument for which the effective interest method is used shall be amortized to profit or loss.

The Bank uses interest rate swaps for hedging changes of fair values in hedged items arising from changes in interest rates. The Bank also uses currency swaps for hedging changes of fair values in hedged items arising from changes in foreign exchange rates

(2) Cash flow hedge

Cash flow hedge is a hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability (such as all or some future interest payments on variable rate debt) or a highly probable forecast transaction and could affect profit or loss. When applying cash flow hedge, the portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument that is determined to be an effective hedge shall be recognized in other comprehensive income; and the ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument shall be recognized in profit or loss. If a hedge of a forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a financial asset or a financial liability, the associated gains or losses that were recognized in other comprehensive income shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecast cash flows affect profit or loss.

The Bank shall discontinue prospectively the cash flow hedge if hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the Bank revokes the designation. The forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, in which case any related cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument that has been recognized in other comprehensive income from the period when the hedge was effective shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment.

The Bank uses interest rate swaps for hedging changes of cash flows in hedged items arising from changes in interest rates. The Bank also uses currency swaps for hedging changes of cash flows in hedged items arising from changes in foreign exchange.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(3) Details of derivative assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

            Derivative assets  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   14,266,649       177,324       60       1,234       178,618   

Currency:

              

Currency Forwards

     1,195,972         —           —           28,208         28,208   

Currency swaps

     15,393,129         200,940         —           125,405         326,345   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     16,589,101         200,940         —           153,613         354,553   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   30,855,750       378,264       60       154,847       533,171   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

            Derivative liabilities  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   14,266,649       231,440       1,838       59,114       292,392   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,195,972         —           —           782         782   

Currency swaps

     15,393,129         1,566,435         —           152,991         1,719,426   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     16,589,101         1,566,435         —           153,773         1,720,208   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   30,855,750       1,797,875       1,838       212,887       2,012,600   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

            Derivative assets  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   14,503,160       485,012       111       5,546       490,669   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,015,246         —           —           7,736         7,736   

Currency swaps

     14,361,132         388,150         —           31,743         419,893   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     15,376,378         388,150         —           39,479         427,629   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   29,879,538       873,162       111       45,025       918,298   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

            Derivative liabilities  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   14,503,160       217,530       4,605       81,018       303,153   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     1,015,246         —           —           12,314         12,314   

Currency swaps

     14,361,132         695,993         —           165,199         861,192   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     15,376,378         695,993         —           177,513         873,506   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   29,879,538       913,523       4,605       258,531       1,176,659   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

            Derivative assets  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   12,100,233       402,192       —         6,287       408,479   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     841,586         —           —           2,833         2,833   

Currency swaps

     14,087,839         592,041         —           195,664         787,705   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     14,929,425         592,041         —           198,497         790,538   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   27,029,658       994,233       —         204,784       1,199,017   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     

 

     Derivative liabilities  

Detail

   Notional      Fair value
hedge
     Cash flow
hedge
     Trading      Total  

Interest:

              

Interest rate swaps

   12,100,233       297,685       —         68,098       365,783   

Currency:

              

Currency forwards

     841,586         —           —           12,549         12,549   

Currency swaps

     14,087,839         507,933         —           106,287         614,220   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     14,929,425         507,933         —           118,836         626,769   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   27,029,658       805,618       —         186,934       992,552   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(4) Gains and losses from fair value hedging instruments and hedged items attributable to the hedged risk for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Fair value hedge—hedged items

   657,891      (108,062

Fair value hedge—hedging instruments

   (1,859,353   (64,434

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(5) The Bank recognized ₩2,616 million and ₩(4,235) million, as other comprehensive income (losses) (not adjusting tax effect), and cash flow hedge ineffectiveness of ₩100 million and ₩(259) million was recognized in earnings, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

21. CAPITAL STOCK

As of December 31, 2013, the authorized capital and paid-in capital of the Bank are ₩8,000,000 million and ₩7,238,055 million, respectively. The Bank does not issue share certificates.

Changes in capital stock for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Beginning balance

   7,138,055       6,258,755   

Increase in capital and investment in kind

     100,000         879,300   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   7,238,055       7,138,055   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

22. OTHER RESERVES

(1) Details of other reserves as of December 31, 2013 , December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Gain on valuation of AFS securities

   54,157      25,641      221,336   

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     (1,227     (3,210     —     

Remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability

     4,827        (1,631     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   57,757      20,800      221,336   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in other reserves for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(2013)

 

     Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
     Tax effect     Ending
balance
 

Gain on valuation of AFS securities

   25,641      37,620       (9,104   54,157   

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     (3,210     2,616         (633     (1,227

Remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability

     (1,631     8,520         (2,062     4,827   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   20,800      48,756       (11,799   57,757   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2012)

 

     Beginning
balance
     Increase
(decrease)
    Tax effect      Ending
balance
 

Gain on valuation of AFS securities

   221,336       (258,172   62,477       25,641   

Loss on valuation of cash flow hedge

     —           (4,235     1,025         (3,210

Remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability

     —           (2,152     521         (1,631
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   221,336       (264,559   64,023       20,800   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

23. RETAINED EARNINGS

(1) Details of retained earnings as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Legal reserve (*1)

   314,010       299,117       284,437   

Voluntary reserve (*2)

     1,067,878         968,118         869,614   

Unappropriated retained earnings

     572,440         661,648         438,325   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,954,328       1,928,883       1,592,376   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Pursuant to the EXIM Bank Act, the Bank appropriates 10% of net income for each accounting period as legal reserve, until the accumulated reserve equals to its paid-in capital.
(*2) The Bank appropriates the remaining balance of net income, after the appropriation of legal reserve and declaration of dividends, to voluntary reserve.

(2) Changes in retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Beginning balance

   1,928,883      1,592,376   

Net income for the period

     59,731        370,125   

Appropriation

     (34,286     (33,618
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   1,954,328      1,928,883   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(3) Details of dividends for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

The Government

   23,149       21,164   

BOK

     5,596         6,258   

Korea Finance Corporation

     5,541         6,196   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   34,286       33,618   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(4) Statements of appropriations of retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean Won in millions):

 

     2013
(Expected date of
appropriation: Mar. 20,
2014)
     2012
(Date of appropriation:
Feb. 28, 2013) (*1)
 

I. RETAINED EARNINGS BEFORE APPROPRIATIONS:

      572,440          661,649   

1. Unappropriated retained earnings carried over from prior years

   512,709          —        

2. Transition effect of K-IFRS

     —              291,524      

3. Net income

     59,731            370,125      

II. APPROPRIATIONS:

        572,440            148,940   

1. Legal reserve (*2)

     5,973            14,894      

2. Other reserve

     51,682            99,760      

3. Dividend

     —              34,286      

4. Additional reserve

     514,785            —        
     

 

 

       

 

 

 

III. UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS AT THE END OF THE PERIOD

      —            512,709   
     

 

 

       

 

 

 

 

(*1) The statement of appropriations of retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 2012 which is comparatively stated includes transition adjustments from previous K-GAAP to K-IFRS. It is different from the one stated in accordance with K-GAAP, in which appropriation of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2012 was determined.
(*2) The Bank appropriated an amount equal to 10% of net income after income tax as a legal reserve for the previous year in accordance with K-GAAP.

24. RESERVE FOR BAD LOANS

Reserve for bad loans is calculated and disclosed according to Article 29 (1) and (2), Regulation on Supervision of Banking Business.

(1) Reserve for bad loans

Details of reserve for bad loans as of December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013  

Accumulated reserve for bad loans (*)

   423,827   

Expected reserve for bad loans (*)

     90,958   
  

 

 

 

Reserve for bad loans

   514,785   
  

 

 

 

 

(*) Accumulated reserve for bad loans and expected reserve for bad loans are calculated as if reserve for bad loans were implemented from 2012.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) Expected reserve for bad loans and net income after adjusting reserve for bad loans.

Details of expected reserve for bad loans and net income after adjusting the reserve for bad loans for the years ended December 31, 2013 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     Dec 31, 2013  

Net income for the period

   59,731   

Expected reserve for bad loans

     (90,958
  

 

 

 

Net loss after adjusting the reserve for bad loans(*)

   (31,227
  

 

 

 

 

(*) Adjusted income considering reserves for bad debt as above is calculated by assuming that the provision in reserves for bad debt before income tax is reflected in net income.

25. NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income is the amount after deduction of interest expenses from interest income, and the details are as follows:

(1) Details of interest income for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows. (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Interest of due from financial institutions:

     

Due from financial institutions in local currency

   12,004       21,088   

Due from financial institutions in foreign currency

     7,657         20,839   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     19,661         41,927   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest of financial assets at FVTPL:

     

Interest of trading securities

     346         268   

Interest of investments:

     

Interest of AFS securities

     731         1,602   

Interest of held-to-maturity securities

     692         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     1,423         1,602   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest of loans:

     

Interest of loans in local currency

     587,898         607,320   

Interest of loans in foreign currency

     1,043,355         1,056,544   

Interest of notes bought

     —           541   

Interest of bills bought

     29,234         64,001   

Interest of advances for customers

     443         —     

Interest of call loans

     11,180         7,617   

Interest of interbank loans

     2,330         10,693   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     1,674,440         1,746,716   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest of others

     2,414         3,760   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,698,284       1,794,273   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Interest income accrued from impaired loan is ₩18,076 million and ₩16,572 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

(2) Details of interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Interest of borrowings:

     

Borrowings in foreign currency

   39,118       48,481   

RP

     70         —     

Interest of call money

     12,059         3,955   

Interest of debentures:

     

Interest of debentures in local currency

     264,938         297,824   

Interest of debentures in foreign currency

     1,016,019         1,115,955   

Interest of others

     3,492         9,509   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   1,335,696       1,475,724   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

26. NET COMMISSION INCOME

Net commission income is the amount after deduction of commission expenses from commission income, and the details are as follows.

(1) Details of commission income for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Commission income in local currency:

     

Commissions income on management of
Economic Development Cooperation Fund (“EDCF”)

   9,625       8,520   

Commissions income on management of
Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund (“IKCF”)

     2,729         2,641   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     12,354         11,161   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commission income in foreign currency:

     

Commissions income on letter of credit

     2,398         2,519   

Commissions income on confirmation on export letter of credit

     1,214         1,165   

Commissions income on loans commitment

     79,537         54,894   

Management fee

     36         3   

Arrangement fee

     3,602         4,944   

Commissions income on government guarantee agency

     —           21   

Advisory fee

     199         34   

Commission income on agency

     11         11   

Cancellation fee

     2,997         1,572   

Prepayment fee

     32,122         3,068   

Sundry commissions income on foreign exchange

     286         462   

Commissions income on offshore loans

     —           43   

Sundry commission income on offshore transactions

     17         —     

Commission income on import factoring

     1         6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     122,420         68,742   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others:

     

Other commission income

     1,729         4,487   

Guarantee fees on foreign currency

     183,245         194,823   

Premium for guarantee

     22,874         13,974   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     207,848         213,284   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   342,622       293,187   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

128


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) Details of commission expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Commission expenses in local currency:

     

Commissions expenses on borrowings

   132       132   

Commissions expenses on domestic transaction

     205         165   

Sundry commissions expenses on domestic transaction

     3         2   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     340         299   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commission expenses in foreign currency:

     

Commissions expenses on borrowings

     1,984         3,484   

Sundry commission expenses on foreign exchange

     375         388   

Commission expenses on offshore borrowings

     15         16   

Sundry commissions expenses on offshore transaction

     40         17   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     2,414         3,905   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others:

     

Other commissions expenses

     287         506   

Other commissions expenses-deferred

     45         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     332         506   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   3,086       4,710   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

27. DIVIDEND INCOME

Details of dividend income for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

AFS securities

   13,977       18,459   

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

28. GAIN (LOSS) ON FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FVTPL

Details of gain (loss) on financial assets at FVTPL for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows. (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Trading securities:

    

Gain on valuation

   1,498      —     

Gain on disposal

     5,567        14,359   

Loss on disposal

     (118     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     6,947        14,359   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Trading derivatives

    

Gain on valuation

     157,562        61,974   

Loss on valuation

     (144,813     (135,299

Gain on transaction

     256,281        290,203   

Loss on transaction

     (106,412     (300,643
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     162,618        (83,765
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   169,565      (69,406
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

29. GAIN (LOSS) ON HEDGING DERIVATIVES

Details of gain (loss) on hedging derivatives for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Gain on hedging derivatives

   218,101      551,890   

Loss on hedging derivatives

     (2,077,354     (616,583
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (1,859,253   (64,693
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

30. GAIN (LOSS) ON FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS

(1) Details of gain (loss) on financial investments for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

AFS securities:

    

Gain on disposals

   22,008      400,540   

Loss on disposals

     (1,761     (7,725

Impairment loss

     (20,636     (9,472
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (389   383,343   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

130


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) There is no gain or loss on held-to-maturity securities for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. In addition, details of interest income of held-to-maturity securities are stated in Note 25.

31. OTHER OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES)

Details of other operating income (expenses) for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Other operating income:

     

Gain on disposal of loans

   8       21   

Gain on redemption of loans

     139         —     

Gain on fair value hedged items

     776,597         233,524   

Others

     25,656         15,437   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     802,400         248,982   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other operating expenses:

     

Loss on fair value hedged items

     118,706         341,586   

Contribution for fund

     5,745         5,664   

Loss on redemption of debentures

     13         302   

Others

     18,864         288   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     143,328         347,840   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   659,072       (98,858
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

32. IMPAIRMENT LOSS (REVERSAL) ON CREDIT

Details of impairment loss (reversal) on credit for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Loans

   599,839      642,955   

Other financial assets

     12,971        (62

Guarantees

     (13,957     (128,748

Unused loan commitments

     34,882        (89,514

Other provisions

     —          (44,492

Financial guarantee contract

     (11,139     (1,512
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   622,596      378,627   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

131


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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

33. GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Details of general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    

Detail

   2013      2012  

General and administrative

   Short-term salaries    82,757       74,206   

Other expenses in financing department

   Office expenses      47,768         43,914   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        130,525         118,120   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Office expenses of EDCF

        1,696         1,362   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

General and administrative

   Post-employment benefit (defined contributions)      494         132   

expenses in others

   Post-employment benefit (defined benefits)      10,325         9,933   
   Depreciation of tangible assets      3,423         2,826   
   Amortization of intangible assets      1,735         1,597   
   Taxes and duties      31,722         29,780   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        47,699         44,268   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
   Total    179,920       163,750   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

34. NON-OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES)

Details of non-operating income (expenses) for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

    

Detail

   2013      2012  

Gain (loss) on investments in associates and subsidiaries

   Dividend income    8,018       1,823   

Others

   Gain on disposals of tangible assets      73         773   
   Rent income      46         28   
   Interest on other loans      153         191   
   Revenue on research project      5,185         1,803   
   Others      324         469   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        5,781         3,264   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others

   Loss on disposal of tangible assets      4         5   
   Loss on disposal of intangible assets      4         —     
   Impairment loss of intangible assets      786         31   
   Expenses for contribution      5,347         4,084   
   Court cost      1,021         1,380   
   Expenses on research project      4,649         4,634   
   Others      365         97   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        12,176         10,231   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
  

Total

   1,623       (5,144
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

132


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

35. INCOME TAX EXPENSE

(1) Details of income tax expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Current income tax payable

   136,157      86,333   

Adjustment recognized in the period for current tax of prior periods

     7,121        (4,483

Changes in deferred income taxes due to temporary differences

     (117,897     (42,792

Changes in deferred income taxes directly recognized in equity

     (11,799     64,023   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

   13,582      103,081   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2) Changes in temporary differences and deferred income tax assets (liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean Won in millions):

(2013)

 

      Temporary differences     Deferred tax assets
(liabilities)—ending
balance
 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
    Ending
balance
   

Depreciation expense

   4,443      1,589      6,032      1,460   

Fair value hedging income(loss)

     570,710        (651,809     (81,099     (19,626

Financial guarantee contract liability

     (58,027     281,246        223,219        54,020   

Allowance account

     1,065,803        361,440        1,427,243        345,393   

Unused commitment provisions

     54,950        34,792        89,742        21,718   

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     358,480        50,136        408,616        98,885   

Long-term income in advance

     (15,944     14,014        (1,930     (467

Accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation gain on land

     (185,101     185,101        —          —     

Provisions for acceptances and guarantees

     169,684        (14,072     155,612        37,658   

Loan-for-equity swap

     78,265        (21,263     57,002        13,794   

Losses on valuation of derivatives

     258,361        (1,428,533     (1,170,172     (283,182

Gains on valuation of derivatives

     (439,546     1,918,976        1,479,430        358,022   

Defined benefit liability

     20,882        1,795        22,677        5,489   

Other provisions

     6,250        (6,250     —          —     

Accrued interest and interest receivables related to swap transaction

     (297,177     (25,496     (322,673     (78,087

Tangible asset

     —          (185,978     (185,978     (45,007

Others

     62,282        20,244        82,526        19,971   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   1,654,315      535,932      2,190,247      530,041   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) directly adjusted in equity

           (18,440
        

 

 

 

Total

         511,601   
        

 

 

 

 

 

133


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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2012)

 

      Temporary differences     Deferred tax
assets
(liabilities)—
ending balance
 

Detail

   Beginning
balance
    Increase
(decrease)
    Ending
balance
   

Depreciation expense

   4,381      62      4,443      1,075   

Fair value hedging income (loss)

     454,391        116,319        570,710        138,112   

Financial guarantee contract liability

     (98,802     40,775        (58,027     (14,042

Allowance account

     610,903        454,900        1,065,803        257,924   

Unused commitment provisions

     144,499        (89,549     54,950        13,298   

Net deferred origination fees and costs

     346,010        12,470        358,480        86,752   

Long-term income in advance

     2,861        (18,805     (15,944     (3,858

Revaluation income

     (185,101     —          (185,101     (44,794

Provisions for acceptances and guarantees

     298,497        (128,813     169,684        41,064   

Debt-for-equity swap stocks

     74,004        4,261        78,265        18,940   

Losses on valuation of derivatives

     124,895        133,466        258,361        62,523   

Gains on valuation of derivatives

     (206,465     (233,081     (439,546     (106,370

Defined benefit liability

     44,339        (23,457     20,882        5,053   

Other provisions

     48,625        (42,375     6,250        1,513   

Accrued interest and interest receivables related to swap transaction

     (179,225     (117,952     (297,177     (71,917

AFS securities

     220,787        (220,787     —          —     

Others

     37,451        24,831        62,282        15,072   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

   1,742,050      (87,735   1,654,315      400,345   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) directly adjusted in equity

           (6,641
        

 

 

 

Total

         393,704   
        

 

 

 

(3) “The reconciliation between the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations and the statutory tax rate is as follows” (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013     2012  

Net income before income tax

   73,313      473,206   

Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate (*)

     17,511        114,284   

Adjustments:

    

Effect on non-taxable income

     (246     (199

Effect on non-deductible expense

     2,449        369   

Tax credit

     (7,479     (334

Unrecognized temporary differences

     (4,606     (5,415

Others

     (1,168     (1,141
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (11,050     (6,720
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjustment recognized in the period for current tax of prior periods

     7,121        (4,483
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

   13,582      103,081   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective tax rate from operations

     18.53     21.78

 

134


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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

 

(*) The corporate tax rate is 11% up to ₩200 million, 22% over ₩200 million to ₩20 billion and 24.2% over ₩20 billion.

(4) Details of deferred tax relating to items that are recognized directly in equity as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Dec 31, 2013     Dec 31, 2012     Jan 1, 2012  

Gain (loss) on valuation of AFS securities

   (17,290   (8,187   (70,664

Gain (loss) on valuation of cash flow hedge

     392        1,025        —     

Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability

     (1,542     521        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   (18,440   (6,641   (70,664
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(5) Unrecognized deferred tax assets and liabilities

The Bank does not recognize deferred tax liabilities for taxable temporary difference of ₩53,480 million related to investments in associates and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 because the Bank considers that those investments in associates and subsidiaries will be indefinitely reinvested.

The Bank also does not recognize deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences of ₩3,122 million related to impairment loss of AFS securities because the realizable period has already passed.

36. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(1) Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are equal to the due from financial institutions in the statements of cash flows and as detailed in Note 7.

(2) Details of non-cash flow transactions in investing and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions)

 

     2013      2012  

Loan-for-equity swap

   68,074       519   

Transfer of AFS securities to investments in associates

     —           2,092   

Investment in kind

     —           879,300   

Gain (loss) on valuation of AFS securities

     37,620         (258,172

Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability

   8,520       (2,152

 

135


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

37. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS:

(1) Details of contingent liabilities and commitments as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Guarantees

  Confirmed    41,586,532       39,379,895       42,469,775   
 

Unconfirmed

     12,109,899         13,541,265         18,973,460   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     53,696,431       52,921,160       61,443,235   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loan commitments

  Local currency, foreign currency loan commitments    26,337,798       28,224,537       15,301,081   
 

Others

     394,801         333,493         464,262   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
       26,732,599         28,558,030         15,765,343   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
 

Total

   80,429,030       81,479,190       77,208,578   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(2) Details of guarantees that have been provided for others as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Dec 31, 2013      Dec 31, 2012      Jan 1, 2012  

Confirmed guarantees

 

Local currency:

        
 

Performance of contracts

   125,090       101,036       122,863   
 

Repayment of advances

     149,128         148,618         143,035   
 

Foreign liabilities

     62,171         —           —     
 

Others

     49,475         133,017         155,133   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
       385,864         382,671         421,031   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
 

Foreign currency:

        
 

Performance of contracts

     12,551,137         10,706,084         9,827,922   
 

Repayment of advances

     19,145,553         20,631,991         26,593,100   
 

Acceptances of imported goods

     3,629         6,576         9   
 

Acceptance of import letter of credit outstanding

     213,857         156,010         135,943   
 

Foreign liabilities

     4,351,156         2,947,526         2,137,294   
 

Others

     4,935,336         4,549,037         3,354,476   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
       41,200,668         38,997,224         42,048,744   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Unconfirmed guarantees

 

Letters of credit

     —           311,733         300,728   
 

Foreign liabilities

     1,596,718         1,837,670         1,322,499   
 

Repayment of advances

     10,234,943         11,304,747         17,349,899   
 

Performance of contracts

     120,211         —           —     
 

Underwriting of import credit

     43,947         —           —     
 

Others

     114,080         87,115         334   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
       12,109,899         13,541,265         18,973,460   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
 

Total

   53,696,431       52,921,160       61,443,235   
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

136


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(3) Details of guarantees classified by country as of December 31, 2013 , December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

      Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Asia

   Korea    35,669,758         85.77       10,468,506         86.44       46,138,264         85.92   
   India      255,596         0.61         43,080         0.36         298,676         0.56   
   Vietnam      227,857         0.55         178,529         1.47         406,386         0.76   
   Saudi Arabia      784,950         1.89         85,425         0.71         870,375         1.62   
   Others      1,808,608         4.35         727,312         6.01         2,535,920         4.72   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        38,746,769         93.17         11,502,852         94.99         50,249,621         93.58   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Europe

   France      217,958         0.52         140         —           218,098         0.41   
   Others      234,962         0.57         67,888         0.56         302,850         0.56   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        452,920         1.09         68,028         0.56         520,948         0.97   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

America

   U.S.A.      1,384,477         3.33         342,346         2.83         1,726,823         3.22   
   Mexico      293,501         0.71         12,819         0.11         306,320         0.57   
   Others      339,853         0.81         17,644         0.14         357,497         0.66   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        2,017,831         4.85         372,809         3.08         2,390,640         4.45   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Africa

   Madagascar      193,817         0.47         —           —           193,817         0.36   
   Others      175,195         0.42         166,210         1.37         341,405         0.64   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        369,012         0.89         166,210         1.37         535,222         1.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      41,586,532         100.00       12,109,899         100.00       53,696,431         100.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

137


Table of Contents

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

      Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Asia

   Korea    35,083,134         89.09       11,601,958         85.68       46,685,092         88.21   
   India      288,092         0.73         43,725         0.32         331,817         0.63   
   Vietnam      71,284         0.18         229,908         1.70         301,192         0.57   
   Singapore      118,735         0.30         179,031         1.32         297,766         0.56   
   Saudi Arabia      348,529         0.89         481,832         3.56         830,361         1.57   
   Others      1,048,737         2.66         628,297         4.64         1,677,034         3.17   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        36,958,511         93.85         13,164,751         97.22         50,123,262         94.71   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Europe

   France      194,956         0.50         62,523         0.46         257,479         0.49   
   Others      189,232         0.48         102,161         0.75         291,393         0.55   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        384,188         0.98         164,684         1.21         548,872         1.04   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

America

   U.S.A.      1,180,867         2.99         —           —           1,180,867         2.24   
   Mexico      278,245         0.71         40,739         0.30         318,984         0.60   
   Others      333,218         0.85         2,393         0.02         335,611         0.63   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        1,792,330         4.55         43,132         0.32         1,835,462         3.47   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Africa

   Madagascar      208,865         0.53         —           —           208,865         0.40   
   Egypt      24,100         0.06         168,698         1.25         192,798         0.36   
   Others      11,901         0.03         —           —           11,901         0.02   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        244,866         0.62         168,698         1.25         413,564         0.78   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      39,379,895         100.00       13,541,265         100.00       52,921,160         100.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Asia

   Korea    39,308,712         92.56       17,514,112         92.31       56,822,824         92.48   
   India      334,515         0.79         47,080         0.25         381,595         0.62   
   Vietnam      35,582         0.08         288,724         1.52         324,306         0.53   
   Saudi Arabia      88,741         0.21         21,053         0.11         109,794         0.18   
   Others      852,313         2.00         565,424         2.98         1,417,737         2.31   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        40,619,863         95.64         18,436,393         97.17         59,056,256         96.12   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Europe

   France      235,720         0.56         67,321         0.35         303,041         0.49   
   Others      137,781         0.32         137,013         0.73         274,794         0.45   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        373,501         0.88         204,334         1.08         577,835         0.94   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

America

   U.S.A.      788,019         1.86         3,861         0.02         791,880         1.29   
   Mexico      252,273         0.59         96,607         0.51         348,880         0.57   
   Others      196,809         0.46         24,671         0.13         221,480         0.36   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        1,237,101         2.91         125,139         0.66         1,362,240         2.22   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Africa

   Madagascar      224,894         0.53         —           —           224,894         0.37   
   Others      14,416         0.04         207,594         1.09         222,010         0.35   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        239,310         0.57         207,594         1.09         446,904         0.72   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
      42,469,775         100.00       18,973,460         100.00       61,443,235         100.00   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(4) Details of guarantees classified by industry as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

     Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Manufacturing

   20,564,148         49.44       10,699,164         88.35       31,263,312         58.22   

Transportation

     203,088         0.49         2,358         0.02         205,446         0.38   

Finance

     1,691,827         4.07         46,364         0.38         1,738,191         3.24   

Wholesale and retail

     917,843         2.21         3,692         0.03         921,535         1.72   

Construction

     13,524,300         32.52         342,119         2.83         13,866,419         25.82   

Public and others

     4,685,326         11.27         1,016,202         8.39         5,701,528         10.62   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   41,586,532         100.00       12,109,899         100.00       53,696,431         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

     Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Manufacturing

   20,492,705         52.05       11,726,853         86.60       32,219,558         60.89   

Transportation

     221,793         0.56         2,393         0.02         224,186         0.42   

Finance

     1,490,848         3.79         103,351         0.76         1,594,199         3.01   

Wholesale and retail

     852,498         2.16         31,917         0.24         884,415         1.67   

Construction

     11,850,558         30.09         723,239         5.34         12,573,797         23.76   

Public and others

     4,471,493         11.35         953,512         7.04         5,425,005         10.25   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   39,379,895         100.00       13,541,265         100.00       52,921,160         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

     Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed guarantees      Total  

Detail

   Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
     Amount      Ratio
(%)
 

Manufacturing

   27,099,319         63.80       17,315,555         91.27       44,414,874         72.28   

Transportation

     236,434         0.56         24,671         0.13         261,105         0.42   

Finance

     1,108,314         2.61         142,554         0.75         1,250,868         2.04   

Wholesale and retail

     931,874         2.19         7,322         0.04         939,196         1.53   

Construction

     9,141,779         21.53         852,641         4.49         9,994,420         16.27   

Public and others

     3,952,055         9.31         630,717         3.32         4,582,772         7.46   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   42,469,775         100.00       18,973,460         100.00       61,443,235         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(5) Global Medium-Term Note Program (“GMTN”) and Commercial Paper (“CP”) programs

The Bank has been establishing the following programs regarding the issue of foreign currency bonds and CPs:

 

  1) Established on August 1, 1991, initially, and annually renewed, U.S. Shelf Registration to issue foreign bonds under the Securities and Exchange Commission rule of the United States of America with an issuance limit of USD 30 billion;

 

  2) Established on May 14, 1997 and May 16, 1997, initially, and annually renewed, CP program to issue CPs with issuance limits of USD 4 billion and USD 2 billion, respectively;

 

  3) Established on November 6, 1997, initially, and annually renewed, Euro Medium-Term Note Program to issue mid-to-long-term foreign currency bonds with an issuance limit of USD 25 billion;

 

  4) Established on February 13, 2008, initially, and renewed every two years, MYR MTN program to issue Malaysian Ringgit-denoted bonds of MYR 4 billion;

 

  5) Established on June 20, 2008, initially, and annually renewed, Yen Shelf Registration to issue Samurai bond with an issuance limit of JPY 300 billion;

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

  6) Established on May 31, 2010, Australian Domestic Debt Issuance Program to issue Kangaroo bond with limit of AUD 2 billion;

 

  7) Established on January 17, 2011, and renewed every two years, Uridashi Shelf Registration to issue Uridashi bond with an issuance limit of JPY 500 billion.

(6) Litigations

As of December 31, 2013, seven lawsuits (aggregated litigation value: ₩76,525 million) were filed by the Bank and four pending litigations as a defendant were filed (aggregated litigation value: ₩127,741 million). The Bank’s management is unable to estimate the impact of these lawsuits, therefore the Bank’s financial position and results of operation do not include the potential impact from these lawsuits.

(7) Written-off loans

The Bank manages written-off loans that have claims on debtors due to the limitation of statute, uncollected after write-off, etc. The written-off loans as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are ₩544,795 million, ₩479,444 million and ₩341,522 million, respectively.

(8) Ordinary wages

The Supreme Court has handed down sentences in ordinary wages. The Bank reviewed the effect by the Supreme Court ruling on the Bank’s financial statements. And the Bank determined not to recognize provisions, because the Bank anticipates that the outflow of resources is unlikely to be realized. Effects to the financial statements of the Bank with regard to the judgment of the court for the lawsuit are not disclosed in the notes to the financial statements in accordance with the paragraph 92 of K-IFRS 1037 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

38. TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES WITH RELATED PARTIES

Related parties consist of entities related to the Bank, post-employment benefits, a key management personnel and a close member of that person’s family, an entity controlled or jointly controlled and an entity influenced significantly.

(1) Details of related parties as of December 31, 2013 are as follows:

 

Detail

   Relationship      Percentage  

Parent:

     

Korean government

     Parent         67.97

Subsidiaries and Associates:

     

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

     Subsidiary         100.00

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     Subsidiary         85.00

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     Subsidiary         100.00

KEXIM Asia Limited

     Subsidiary         100.00

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.

     Associate         33.99

Korea Asset Management Corporation,

     Associate         25.86

Credit Guarantee and Investment Fund

     Associate         14.28

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(2) Significant balances of receivables, payables and guarantees with the related parties

Significant balances of receivables and payables with the related parties as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Receivables      Allowance      Payables  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   135,797       —         72   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     142,656         258         —     

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co

     112,638         191         —     

KEXIM Asia Limited

     112,820         —           231   

Associate:

        

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.

   1,809,458       1,006,104       —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   2,313,369       1,006,553       303   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Detail

   Receivables      Allowance account      Payables  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   155,257       —         6,075   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     144,793         235         48   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     97,132         158         18   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     148,284       —           32   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   545,466       393       6,173   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Detail

   Receivables      Allowance account      Payables  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   144,693       —         6,662   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     165,365         266         —     

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     90,656         146         26   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     129,075         —           141   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   529,789       412       6,829   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Guarantees provided to the related parties as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS) are as follows (Korean won in millions):

(Dec 31, 2013)

 

Detail

   Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed
guarantees
     Commitments  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   107,365       —         185,733   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     —           —           26,383   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     —           728         5,277   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     52,765         —           54,876   

Associate:

        

SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.

     260,838         946,600         30,694   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   420,968       947,328       302,963   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dec 31, 2012)

 

Detail

   Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed
guarantees
     Commitments  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   74,977       —         171,376   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     21,422         —           37,489   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co

     —           1,048         —     

KEXIM Asia Limited

     53,555         —           28,920   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   149,954       1,048       237,785   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Jan 1, 2012)

 

Detail

   Confirmed guarantees      Unconfirmed
guarantees
     Commitments  

Subsidiaries:

        

KEXIM Bank UK Limited

   57,665       —         207,594   

PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance

     —           —           19,606   

KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.

     —           1,383         11,533   

KEXIM Asia Limited

     69,198         —           59,972   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   126,863       1,383       298,705   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(3) Profit and loss transactions with related parties

Profit and loss transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

   Related party    2013      2012  
      Revenue      Bad debt
expenses
     Expenses      Revenue      Bad debt
expenses
     Expenses  

Subsidiaries

   KEXIM
Bank UK
Limited
   2,665       —         988       1,994       —         295   
   PT.KOEXIM
Mandiri
Finance
     1,318         10         1         2,009         —           —     
   KEXIM
Vietnam
Leasing
Co.
     952         16         1         1,019         —           —     
   KEXIM Asia
Limited
     1,413         —           1,018         1,596         —           —     

Associate

   SUNGDONG
Shipbuilding
& Marine
Engineering
Co., Ltd.
     82,201         26,484         —           —           —           —     
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   Total    88,549       26,510       2,008       6,618       —         295   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(4) Money dealing with related parties

Money dealing with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

Detail

  

Related party

   2013      2012  
          Financing transaction      Financing transaction  
          Loan      Collection      Loan      Collection  

Subsidiaries

   KEXIM Bank UK Limited    751,734       766,611       831,863       806,013   
   PT.KOEXIM Mandiri Finance      486,789         486,789         356,404         342,337   
   KEXIM Vietnam Leasing Co.      326,922         309,207         39,479         28,206   
   KEXIM Asia Limited      380,925         414,815         1,040,692         1,004,039   

Associate

   SUNGDONG Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.      —           10,000         —           —     
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

      1,946,370       1,987,422       2,268,438       2,180,595   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

(5) Details of compensation to key management for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (Korean won in millions):

 

     2013      2012  

Salaries

   3,628       2,782   

Severance and retirement benefits

     154         145   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   3,782       2,927   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

39. TRANSITION EFFECTS OF KOREAN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“K-IFRS”)

In connection with adopting K-IFRS in 2013, the significant differences and the adjustments due to the adoption of K-IFRS are as follows.

(1) Significant differences between K-IFRS and K-GAAP

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
First time adoption of K-IFRS    Fair value as deemed cost and revaluation cost    Lands and building are remeasured at fair value as of the transition date and fair value is to be regarded as the net book value.    Not applicable
   Accumulated foreign currency translation    Accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments as of the transition date are reset to ‘zero’.    Not applicable
   Fair value evaluation of financial assets and liabilities at the acquisition date    Prospective approach is applied to the accounts which are newly categorized into financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value, as of the transition date.    Not applicable
   Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities    K-IFRS 1039 ‘Financial instruments: Recognition and derecognition’ is applied prospectively as of the transition date.    Not applicable
   Designation of available for sale securities or financial assets/liabilities at FVTPL    Designation of available-for-sale (AFS) financial assets or financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) is principally allowed at the acquisition date, with an exception of one time designation for existing financial assets/liabilities at the transition date.    Not applicable
   Decommissioning and restoration liabilities included in the cost of tangible assets    Changes in a decommissioning and restoration liability at the transition date are added to or deducted from the cost of tangible assets, by discounting the liability using the discount rate at the date of acquisition.    Not applicable

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
   Investment in subsidiaries, jointly controlled corporation and related-party entities    When preparing separate financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS 1027 ‘Separate Financial Statements’, net book value of the investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates is regarded as the cost of the equity securities when the cost method is applied.    Not applicable
  

Allowance for loan losses

  

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on loans at amortized cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the loan’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate.

 

An entity first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for loans that are individually significant, and individually or collectively for loans that are not individually significant.

 

If an entity determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed loan, it includes the loan in a group of loans with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment.

   The calculation
of allowances
for loan losses
is based on
the estimates
made through
reasonable
and objective
method for
receivables of
uncertain
collectability

 

The higher
amount
estimated of
two methods
below:

i) allowances
for loan losses
based on
historical loss
data

ii) allowances
provided in
accordance
with
minimum
percentage
rate in its
respective
loan quality
category as
prescribed by
the Regulation
on Supervision
of Banking
Business

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
  

Financial guarantee

   Accounted for as a financial guarantee asset or liability if it is a contract that brings an obligation to an issuer to compensate a loss incurred to a holder, in accordance with the contract provisions, when debtor defaults at a payment date. Recognize financial guarantee assets or liabilities at fair value and subsequently amortize using the effective interest rate method. Also, financial guarantee liabilities are recorded at higher of provision for guarantee loss or amortized cost.    No specific
accounting
policy
  

Classification of financial instruments

   Financial assets are classified into financial assets at FVTPL, AFS financial assets, held-to-maturity securities and loan and receivables and financial liabilities consist of financial liabilities at FVTPL and other liabilities    Assets are
divided into
cash and due
from financial
institutions,
investment
securities,
trade
receivables,
derivative
assets and
securities
consisting of
trading, AFS
and held-to-
maturity
securities.
Liabilities are
classified into
deposits,
borrowings,
debenture and
others.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
  

Measurement of financial instruments

   Financial assets/liabilities at FVTPL and AFS financial assets are required to be recorded at fair value with credit risks reflected. Held-to-maturity financial assets and loan and receivables are to be measured at amortized cost with the effective interest rate method applied.    Certain
financial
instruments
such as
trading
securities,
AFS securities
and
derivatives,
are recorded
at fair value,
and the
reflection of
credit risk is
not explicitly
mentioned.
  

Unused commitments/ guarantees

   The amount recognized as a provision shall be the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date. The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances shall be taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount of a provision shall be the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. Evaluation models using various risk factors such as CCF (Credit Convert Factor), PD (Probability of Default) and LGD (Loss Given Default) are employed.    Reserve more
than
minimum
funding rate
of asset
quality in
accordance
with rules
reflecting a
result of asset
quality
classification
and credit
conversion
factor

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
  

Revenue recognition

   All direct loan origination fees are deferred and recognized through effective interest rate method    Loan
origination
fees that have
future
economic
benefits and
are
identifiable by
transactions
are deferred
and amortized
using
effective
interest rate
method.
  

Application of hedge accounting

   Short-cut method is not applicable. All the changes of fair values in hedged items are measured in practice.    Short-cut
method is
applicable
when some
conditions are
met.
  

Changes in residual value and useful lives

   Residual value, useful lives and depreciation method of property, plant and equipment are to be consistently reviewed at least every fiscal year end and significant changes, if any, should be treated as changes in accounting estimates.    Once
depreciation
method is
determined, it
should be
consistently
applied to all
of newly
acquired and
existing
assets.
  

Golf Membership /Condominium Membership

   Classified into intangible asset with indefinite useful lives.    Classified into
sundry assets
in other
assets.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
  

Measurement of

defined benefit obligation

   Both the defined benefit and defined contribution plans are provided and the amounts of defined benefit obligation are computed based on actuarial assumptions.    Provisions for
retirement
benefits
accrued equal
to the
amounts to be
paid at the end
of period,
assuming that
the all entitled
employees
with a service
year more
than a year
would retire at
once.
Retirement
benefit
expenses
incur at the
point when
the payment
obligation is
fixed.
  

Fair value adjustments of financial instruments

   When derivatives are exposed to credit risk, credit risk of itself or of counterparty is evaluated according to risk position.    Credit risk is
not considered
in fair value
measurement

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
  

Impairment recognition of securities

   Along with an objective evidence of impairment a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an equity security below its cost is also objective evidence of impairment. Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as AFS shall not be reversed through profit or loss.    When there is
an objective
evidence of
impairment,
impairment
loss shall be
recognized.

If, in a
subsequent
period, the
amount of the
impairment
loss in AFS
security at fair
value is
related
objectively to
an event
occurring
after the
impairment
was
recognized,
the previously
recognized
impairment
loss can be
reversed.

  

Liability/equity classification

   Issuer classifies its financial instruments or components of financial instruments as either financial liabilities or equity instruments at the initial recognition, considering the substance of the contractual arrangement and definition of financial assets and equity instruments.    Classification
according to
relevant legal
framework
such as
business law
  

Classification of capital

   Classification of capital is pursuant to the substance of the contractual arrangement over its legal form.    Capital
includes the
legal amount
paid by
shareholders
(paid-in
capital).

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

Classification

  

K-IFRS

   K-GAAP (*)
  

Foreign currency translation

   Closing exchange rates at year end for translation of assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, and closing exchange rates at acquisition date for shareholder’s equity should be applied. For other comprehensive income items, average exchange rates for the periods concerned should be used.    When
applying the
accounting
standards for
the banking
industry,
closing rates
are used in
translating the
statement of
financial
position and
the statement
of income.

 

(*) K-GAAP were the generally accepted accounting principles in Korea before adoption of K-IFRS.

(2) The effects on the Bank’s financial position and results of operation

The effects on the Bank’s financial position and results of operation being listed below are set out based on the separate financial statements, which may change with subsequent adoption of amendments to the standards and further analysis. Conversion effects to K-IFRS consist of those from changes in reclassifications and net asset changes due to GAAP differences.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

1) Summary of the effects on the separate statement of financial position at January 1, 2012 (the date of transition to K-IFRS)(unit: Korean won in millions):

 

     K-GAAP     Transition
effects
    K-IFRS      Ref.

Cash and due from financial institutions

   2,707,643      (373,000   2,334,643       A

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     197,282        381,046        578,328       B

Hedging derivative assets

     1,001,735        (7,502     994,233       C

Loans

     46,117,902        233,306        46,351,208       D

Financial investments

     3,700,301        —          3,700,301       E

Investments in associates and subsidiaries

     248,630        —          248,630       F

Tangible assets, net

     33,182        185,102        218,284       G

Intangible assets, net

     6,576        5,613        12,189       H

Deferred tax assets

     511,907        (160,995     350,912       I

Other assets

     608,185        57,782        665,967       J
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total assets

   55,133,343      321,352      55,454,695      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

   188,016      (1,082   186,934       K

Hedging derivative liabilities

     804,536        1,082        805,618       L

Borrowings

     5,352,178        (1,138     5,351,040       M

Debentures

     39,203,568        170,609        39,374,177       N

Provisions

     922,464        (434,976     487,488       O

Retirement benefit obligation, net

     30,019        23,774        53,793       P

Current tax liabilities

     91,125        (9,206     81,919       Q

Other liabilities

     1,032,137        9,122        1,041,259       R
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total liabilities

   47,624,043      (241,815   47,382,228      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Capital stock

   6,258,755      —        6,258,755      

Other reserves

     (50,307     271,643        221,336       S

Retained earnings

     1,300,852        291,524        1,592,376       T
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total shareholders’ equity

     7,509,300        563,167        8,072,467      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   55,133,343      321,352      55,454,695      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

2) Summary of the effects on the financial position at December 31, 2012 and the results of operation for the year ended December 31, 2012 (Unit: Korean won in millions):

<Financial position >

 

     K-GAAP      Transition
effects
    K-IFRS      Ref.

Cash and due from financial institutions

   2,134,083       (216,500   1,917,583       A

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     45,025         216,500        261,525       B

Hedging derivative assets

     873,273         —          873,273       C

Loans

     45,859,205         (173,319     45,685,886       D

Financial investments

     3,864,932         —          3,864,932       E

Investments in associates and subsidiaries

     628,381         769        629,150       F

Tangible assets, net

     42,100         185,979        228,079       G

Intangible assets, net

     9,689         5,582        15,271       H

Deferred tax assets

     537,919         (144,215     393,704       I

Other assets

     593,506         99,106        692,612       J
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total assets

   54,588,113       (26,098   54,562,015      
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

   248,806       9,725      258,531       K

Hedging derivative liabilities

     927,853         (9,725     918,128       L

Borrowings

     2,757,017         (1,026     2,755,991       M

Debentures

     40,020,319         152,212        40,172,531       N

Provisions

     1,022,661         (798,027     224,634       O

Retirement benefit obligation, net

     3,377         29,366        32,743       P

Current tax liabilities

     77,231         —          77,231       Q

Other liabilities

     965,292         69,196        1,034,488       R
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total liabilities

   46,022,556       (548,279   45,474,277      
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Capital stock

   7,138,055       —        7,138,055      

Other reserves

     11,328         9,472        20,800       S

Retained earnings

     1,416,174         512,709        1,928,883       T
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total shareholders’ equity

     8,565,557         522,181        9,087,738      
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   54,588,113       (26,098   54,562,015      
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

<Results of operation >

 

      K-GAAP     Transition
effects
    K-IFRS     Ref.

Net interest income :

        

Interest income

   1,770,911      23,362      1,794,273      A

Interest expenses

     1,428,723        47,001        1,475,724      B
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
     342,188        (23,639     318,549     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Net commission income :

        

Commission income

     300,691        (7,504     293,187      C

Commission expenses

     5,996        (1,286     4,710      D
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
     294,695        (6,218     288,477     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Dividend income

     18,459        —          18,459     

Gain (loss) on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     (103,349     33,943        (69,406   E

Gain (loss) on hedging derivative assets

     (45,108     (19,585     (64,693   F

Gain (loss) on financial investments

     44,433        338,911        383,344      G

Gain (loss) on foreign exchange transaction

     330,282        (85,427     244,855      H

Other net operating income (expenses)

     (89,250     (9,608     (98,858   I

Impairment loss on credit

     (451,807     73,180        (378,627   J

General and administrative expenses

     (161,027     (2,723     (163,750   K
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total operating income

     179,516        298,834        478,350     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

NON OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSES):

         L

Gain (loss) on investments in associates and subsidiaries

     14,928        (13,105     1,823     

Net non-operating income (expenses)

     (7,443     476        (6,967  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
     7,485        (12,629     (5,144  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX

     187,001        286,205        473,206     

INCOME TAX EXPENSES

     (38,062     (65,019     (103,081   M
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

NET INCOME FOR THE PERIOD

     148,939        221,186        370,125     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE PERIOD

         N

Items not reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

     —          (1,631     (1,631  

Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability

     —          (1,631     (1,631  

Items reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

        

Gain ( loss) on valuation of AFS financial assets

     63,353        (259,048     (195,695  

Gain (loss) on valuation of investments in associates by equity method

     1,492        (1,492     —       

Cash flow hedging gains or losses

     (3,210     —          (3,210  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

   210,574      (40,985   169,589     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

3) Details of reconciliation

< Financial position >

A. Cash and due from financial institutions

Certain beneficiary certificates included in cash and cash equivalents under K-GAAP are reclassified into financial asset at FVTPL under K-IFRS.

B. Financial assets at FVTPL

Certain beneficiary certificates included in cash and cash equivalents and derivatives held for trading under K-GAAP are transferred to financial assets at FVTPL under K-IFRS.

C. Hedging derivative assets

As the short-cut method on the Hedge Effectiveness test under K-GAAP has not been applied any more, some of hedging relationship has been discontinued.

D. Loans

Changes in net assets are attributable to the different accounting treatments in deferred loan origination fees and amortization method using the effective interest rate, combined with different set-out scope of provision for receivables and its calculation methodology. Fair value evaluation of hedged items, loans results in changes in net assets.

E. Financial investments

Difference in accounting treatments on impairment (reversal) of AFS financial assets results in changes in net assets.

F. Investments in associates and subsidiaries

On the separate financial statement equity method of accounting was not applied under K-IFRS while it was applied under K-GAAP.

G. Tangible assets

Acquisition cost adjustment due to the revaluation of fixed assets results in the net asset value change

H. Intangible assets

Among the deposits recognized under K-GAAP, membership deposit with the expected future economic benefits is reclassified as intangible asset under K-IFRS.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

I. Deferred tax assets

Changes in deferral amount arising from fair value evaluation of financial asset/liability and different methodology of impairment assessment, along with different depreciation expense and denial of provision liability have changed the amount of deferred tax asset under K-IFRS.

J. Other assets

Accrued income and present value discount caused by financial guarantees results in changes in net assets.

K. Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Derivatives held for trading under K-GAAP are transferred to financial liabilities at FVTPL under K-IFRS.

L. Hedging derivative liabilities

Hedging relationship under K-GAAP has been cancelled.

M. Borrowings

Changes in net assets are attributable to the application of the effective interest rate method in the calculation of interest expense for borrowings and net book value adjustments.

N. Debentures

Changes in net assets are attributable to the difference in fair value measurement of the corporate bonds subject to the hedge accounting and difference in amortization cost based on the effective interest rate method.

O. Provision

Difference in calculation methodology of provision for unused commitments, guarantees and other liabilities results in changes in net assets.

P. Defined benefit obligation, net

Provisions for retirement benefits accrued under K-GAAP have been changed based on actuarial assumptions.

Q. Current tax liabilities

Some local taxes are reclassified as not forming current tax liabilities.

R. Other liabilities

Accrued expenses and present value discount caused by financial guarantees results in changes in net assets.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

S. Reserves

Adjustment difference in recognition of impairment losses on available for sale securities and changes in remeasurement elements of defined benefit plan results in changes in net assets.

T. Retained earnings

Recognition of impairment losses on available for sale securities, adoption of deemed cost to securities using the equity method, difference in fair value evaluation of hedged items, accrued interest expense and depreciation expense, along with revaluation of tangible assets and profit/loss adjustment in association with financial guarantee contracts caused a change in retained earnings.

<Operational results>

A. Interest income

The amount of interest income changes due to the difference in amortized amount of deferred origination fees and costs of loans and receivables using the effective rate method, interest income recognized for impaired loans, and adjustments to accrued interest income for impaired loans. In addition, the change of time value in account receivables associated with financial guarantee, transfer of interest income related to credit card points to unearned revenue, recognition of present value discounts amounting to the substantial portion of prepaid rental expenses and its amortization cost using the effective rate method result in changes in interest income.

B. Interest expenses

Difference in amortized interest expenses with regards to financial liabilities and exchange rate applied when translating interest expense of foreign currency denominated financial liabilities results in a change in interest expense.

C. Commission income

Commission income changes due to the adjusted deferred origination fees and costs related to loans and receivables and the offset amount with financial guarantee assets when commissions related to financial guarantee contracts are received.

D. Commission expenses

Commission expenses changes due to the adjusted deferred origination fees and costs related to loans and receivables.

E. Gain (loss) on financial assets at FVTPL

Different fair value evaluation amounts in derivatives held for trading and cancellation of hedging result in changes in profit/loss on financial assets.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

F. Gain (loss) on hedging derivative assets

Different fair value evaluation amounts in derivatives held for hedging and cancellation of hedging result in changes in profit/loss on hedging derivative assets.

G. Gain (loss) on financial investments

Gain or loss on available for sale securities has been changed, responding to the recognition method of impairment losses on available for sale securities.

H. Gain (loss) on foreign exchange transaction

Gain or loss on foreign currency transaction has been changed due to the different exchange rates applied at the transaction date.

I. Other net operating income (expenses)

Changes in income tax expense are attributable to the changes in the hedged item and the valuation of fair value hedged item.

J. Impairment loss on credit

Impairment loss on credit is caused by differences in the scope and calculation methodology of provision for loans and receivables, and differences in the calculation of unused commitment and payment guarantee.

K. General and administrative expenses

Changes in general and administrative expenses are attributable to changes administrative expenses contributed by changed vacation benefits and defined benefit retirement expense.

L. Non-operating income (expenses)

Changes in non-operating income and expenses are attributable to changes in equity method and depreciation.

M. Income tax expenses

Changes in income tax expenses are attributable to the changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

N. Other comprehensive income

Differences in valuation amounts of available for sale securities, gain on valuation of investment stock using the equity method and remeasurement elements of net defined benefit liability made a change in the amount of other comprehensive income.

 

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THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

NOTES TO THE SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013, DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND JANUARY 1, 2012

(THE DATE OF TRANSITION TO K-IFRS)

AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012

 

4) Explanation of material adjustments to the separate statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2012

According to K-IFRS, dividends received, interest received, interest paid and income tax paid which were not presented separately under K-GAAP are now presented separately in the separate statements of cash flows.

Interest paid, interest received and dividends received were classified as operating cash flows in accordance with K-GAAP. But, in accordance with K-IFRS, interest paid are reclassified as financing cash flows, and interest received and dividends received are reclassified as investing cash flows. The effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents held or due in a foreign currency is presented separately from cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities.

Except for the aforementioned items, there are no significant differences between the separate statements of cash flows prepared according to K-IFRS and K-GAAP.

 

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THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Land and History

Territory and Population

Located generally south of the 38th parallel on the Korean peninsula, The Republic of Korea covers about 38,000 square miles, approximately one-fourth of which is arable. The Republic has a population of approximately 51 million people. The country’s largest city and capital, Seoul, has a population of about 10 million people.

Map of the Republic of Korea

 

LOGO

Political History

Dr. Rhee Seungman, who was elected President in each of 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960, dominated the years after the Republic’s founding in 1948. Shortly after President Rhee’s resignation in 1960 in response to student-led demonstrations, a group of military leaders headed by Park Chung Hee assumed power by coup. The military leaders established a civilian government, and the country elected Mr. Park as President in October 1963. President Park served as President until his assassination in 1979 following a period of increasing strife between the Government and its critics. The Government declared martial law and formed an interim government under

 

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Prime Minister Choi Kyu Hah, who became the next President. After clashes between the Government and its critics, President Choi resigned, and General Chun Doo Hwan, who took control of the Korean army, became President in 1980.

In late 1980, the country approved, by national referendum, a new Constitution, providing for indirect election of the President by an electoral college and for certain democratic reforms, and shortly thereafter, in early 1981, re-elected President Chun.

Responding to public demonstrations in 1987, the legislature revised the Constitution to provide for direct election of the President. In December 1987, Roh Tae Woo won the Presidency by a narrow plurality, after opposition parties led by Kim Young Sam and Kim Dae Jung failed to unite behind a single candidate. In February 1990, two opposition political parties, including the one led by Kim Young Sam, merged into President Roh’s ruling Democratic Liberal Party.

In December 1992, the country elected Kim Young Sam as President. The election of a civilian and former opposition party leader considerably lessened the controversy concerning the legitimacy of the political regime. President Kim’s administration reformed the political sector and deregulated and internationalized the Korean economy.

In December 1997, the country elected Kim Dae Jung as President. President Kim’s party, the Millennium Democratic Party (formerly known as the National Congress for New Politics), formed a coalition with the United Liberal Democrats led by Kim Jong Pil, with Kim Jong Pil becoming the first prime minister in President Kim’s administration. The coalition, which temporarily ended before the election held in April 2000, continued with the appointment of Lee Han Dong of the United Liberal Democrats as the Prime Minister in June 2000. The coalition again ended in September 2001.

In December 2002, the country elected Roh Moo Hyun as President. President Roh and his supporters left the Millennium Democratic Party in 2003 and formed a new party, the Uri Party, in November 2003. On August 15, 2007, 85 members of the National Assembly, previously belonging to the Uri Party, or the Democratic Party, formed the United New Democratic Party (the “UNDP”). The Uri Party merged into the UNDP in August 20, 2007. In February 2008, the UNDP merged back into the Democratic Party. In December 2011, the Democratic Party merged with the Citizens Unity Party to form the Democratic United Party, which changed its name to the Democratic Party in May 2013.

In December 2007, the country elected Lee Myung-Bak as President. He commenced his term on February 25, 2008. The Lee administration pursued a lively market economy through deregulation, free trade and the attraction of foreign investment.

In December 2012, the country elected Park Geun-hye as President. She commenced her term on February 25, 2013. The Park administration’s key policy priorities include:

 

   

facilitating the growth of small and medium-enterprises and job creation;

 

   

seeking a productive welfare system based on customized welfare benefits and job training;

 

   

promoting clean and renewable energy technologies;

 

   

facilitating new growth engine industries;

 

   

taking initiatives on the denuclearization of North Korea; and

 

   

establishing an efficient government by reorganizing government functions.

 

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Government and Politics

Government and Administrative Structure

Governmental authority in the Republic is centralized and concentrated in a strong Presidency. The President is elected by popular vote and can only serve one term of five years. The President chairs the State Council, which consists of the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, the respective heads of Government ministries and the ministers of state. The President can select the members of the State Council and appoint or remove all other Government officials, except for elected local officials.

The President can veto new legislation and take emergency measures in cases of natural disaster, serious fiscal or economic crisis, state of war or other similar circumstances. The President must promptly seek the concurrence of the National Assembly for any emergency measures taken and failing to do so automatically invalidates the emergency measures. In the case of martial law, the President may declare martial law without the consent of the National Assembly; provided, however, that the National Assembly may request the President to rescind such martial law.

The National Assembly exercises the country’s legislative power. The Constitution and the Election for Public Offices Act provide for the direct election of about 82% of the members of the National Assembly and the distribution of the remaining seats proportionately among parties winning more than 5 seats in the direct election or receiving over 3% of the popular vote. National Assembly members serve four-year terms. The National Assembly enacts laws, ratifies treaties and approves the national budget. The executive branch drafts most legislation and submits it to the National Assembly for approval.

The country’s judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court and lower courts of various levels. The President appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and appoints the other Justices of the Supreme Court upon the recommendation of the Chief Justice. All appointments to the Supreme Court require the consent of the National Assembly. The Chief Justice, with the consent of the conference of Supreme Court Justices, appoints all the other judges in Korea. Supreme Court Justices serve for six years and all other judges serve for ten years. Other than the Chief Justice, justices and judges may be reappointed to successive terms.

The President formally appoints all nine judges of the Constitutional Court, but three judges must be designated by the National Assembly and three by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Constitutional Court judges serve for six years and may be reappointed to successive terms.

Administratively, the Republic comprises eight provinces, one special autonomous province (Jeju), one special city (Seoul), six metropolitan cities (Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejon and Ulsan) and one special autonomous city (Sejong). From 1961 to 1995, the national government controlled the provinces and the President appointed provincial officials. Local autonomy, including the election of provincial officials, was reintroduced in June 1995. From 1961 to 1995, the national government controlled the provinces and the President appointed provincial officials. Local autonomy, including the election of provincial officials, was reintroduced in June 1995.

Political Organizations

The 19th legislative general election was held on April 11, 2012 and the term of the National Assembly members elected in the 19th legislative general election commenced on May 30, 2012. In March 2014, the Democratic Party merged with the New Politics Alliance and changed its name to the New Politics Alliance for Democracy, or the NPAD. Currently, there are two major political parties, the Saenuri Party (formerly known as the Grand National Party), or SP, to which President Park Geun-hye belongs, and the NPAD.

As of June 30, 2014, the parties control the following number of seats in the National Assembly:

 

     SP      NPAD      Others      Total  

Number of Seats

     147         126         12         285   

 

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Relations with North Korea

Relations between the Republic and North Korea have been tense over most of the Republic’s history. The Korean War, which took place between 1950 and 1953 began with the invasion of the Republic by communist forces from North Korea and, following a military stalemate, an armistice was reached establishing a demilitarized zone monitored by the United Nations in the vicinity of the 38th parallel.

North Korea maintains a regular military force estimated at more than 1,000,000 troops, mostly concentrated near the northern border of the demilitarized zone. The Republic’s military forces, composed of approximately 650,000 regular troops and almost 3.0 million reserves, maintain a state of military preparedness along the southern border of the demilitarized zone. In addition, the United States has historically maintained its military presence in the Republic. In October 2004, the United States and the Republic agreed to a three-phase withdrawal of approximately one-third of the 37,500 troops stationed in the Republic by the end of 2008. By the end of 2004, 5,000 U.S. troops departed the Republic in the first phase of such withdrawal and in the plan’s second phase, the United States removed 5,000 troops by the end of 2006. In the final phase, another 2,500 U.S. troops were scheduled to depart by the end of 2008. In April 2008, however, the United States and the Republic decided not to proceed with the final phase of withdrawal and agreed to maintain 28,500 U.S. troops in the Republic. In February 2007, the United States and the Republic agreed to dissolve their joint command structure by 2012, which would allow the Republic to assume the command of its own armed forces in the event of war on the Korean peninsula. In June 2010, however, the United States and the Republic agreed to delay the dissolution of their joint command structure to 2015.

The level of tension between the two Koreas has fluctuated and may increase abruptly as a result of current and future events. In recent years, there have been heightened security concerns stemming from North Korea’s nuclear weapons and long-range missile programs and increased uncertainty regarding North Korea’s actions and possible responses from the international community. In December 2002, North Korea removed the seals and surveillance equipment from its Yongbyon nuclear power plant and evicted inspectors from the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency. In January 2003, North Korea renounced its obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Since the renouncement, the Republic, the United States, North Korea, China, Japan and Russia have held numerous rounds of six party multi-lateral talks in an effort to resolve issues relating to North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.

In addition to conducting test flights of long-range missiles, North Korea announced in October 2006 that it had successfully conducted a nuclear test, which increased tensions in the region and elicited strong objections worldwide. In response, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution that prohibits any United Nations member state from conducting transactions with North Korea in connection with any large scale arms and material or technology related to missile development or weapons of mass destruction and from providing luxury goods to North Korea, imposes an asset freeze and travel ban on persons associated with North Korea’s weapons program, and calls upon all United Nations member states to take cooperative action, including thorough inspection of cargo to or from North Korea. In response, North Korea agreed in February 2007 at the six-party talks to shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility, and readmit international inspectors to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications.

In April 2009, North Korea launched a long-range rocket over the Pacific Ocean. The Republic, Japan and the United States responded that the launch poses a threat to neighboring nations and that it was in violation of the United Nations Security Council resolution adopted in 2006 against nuclear tests by North Korea, and the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution that condemned North Korea for the launch and decided to tighten sanctions against North Korea. Subsequently, North Korea announced that it would permanently pull out of the six-party talks and restart its nuclear program, and the International Atomic Energy Agency reported that its inspectors had been ordered to remove surveillance devices and other equipment at the Yongbyon nuclear power plant and to leave North Korea. In May 2009, North Korea announced that it had successfully conducted a second nuclear test and test-fired three short-range, surface-to-air missiles. In response,

 

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the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution that condemned North Korea for the nuclear test and decided to expand and tighten sanctions against North Korea. In March 2010, a Korean warship was destroyed by an underwater explosion, killing many of the crewmen on board. The Government formally accused North Korea of causing the sinking in May 2010. North Korea has denied responsibility for the sinking and has threatened retaliation for any attempt to punish it for the act. In November 2010, North Korean forces fired more than one hundred artillery shells targeting Yeonpyeong Island located near the maritime border between the Republic and North Korea on the west coast of the Korean peninsula, killing two Korean soldiers and two civilians as well as causing substantial property damage. The Republic responded by firing approximately 80 artillery shells and putting the military on its highest alert level. The Government condemned North Korea for the act and vowed stern retaliation should there be further provocation. In April 2012, North Korea launched a long-range rocket over the Yellow Sea. The Republic, Japan and the United States condemned the launch and the United Nations Security Council adopted a chairman’s statement condemning North Korea for the launch. In December 2012, North Korea successfully launched a satellite into orbit using a long-range rocket after an unsuccessful attempt in April 2012, despite concerns in the international community that such a launch would be in violation of the recent agreement with the United States as well as United Nations Security Council resolutions that prohibit North Korea from conducting launches that use ballistic missile technology. In February 2013, North Korea announced that it had successfully conducted a third nuclear test, which increased tensions in the region. In response, the United Nations Security Council strongly condemned North Korea for the nuclear test. In late March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered “a state of war” with the Republic, declaring the 1953 armistice invalid, and put its artillery at the highest level of combat readiness to protest the Republic-United States allies’ military drills and additional sanctions imposed on North Korea for its missile and nuclear tests. In early April 2013, North Korea blocked access to the inter-Korean industrial complex in its border city of Gaeseong to South Koreans, while the U.S. deployed nuclear-capable stealth bombers and destroyers to Korean air and sea space. In May 2013, North Korea launched several short-range projectiles into waters off its east coast over a three-day period. The Government declared the launches a provocation and urged North Korea to take responsible actions. In February and March of 2014, North Korea test fired a number of short-range and medium-range missiles from the east coast of the Korean peninsula into the East Sea in apparent protest of annual joint military exercises being held by the Republic and the United States.

There recently has been increased uncertainty with respect to the future of North Korea’s political leadership and concern regarding its implications for economic and political stability in the region. In June 2009, U.S. and Korean officials announced that Kim Jong-il, the North Korean ruler who reportedly suffered a stroke in August 2008, designated his third son, Kim Jong-eun, who is reportedly in his twenties, to become his successor. In September 2010, Kim Jong-eun was made a general in the North Korean army, named the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and appointed to the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party in a series of measures widely believed to be part of the succession plan. In addition, North Korea’s economy faces severe challenges. For example, in November 2009, the North Korean government redenominated its currency at a ratio of 100 to 1 as part of a currency reform undertaken in an attempt to control inflation and reduce income gaps. In tandem with the currency redenomination, the North Korean government banned the use or possession of foreign currency by its residents and closed down privately run markets, which led to severe inflation and food shortages. Such developments may further aggravate social and political tensions within North Korea.

Since the death of Kim Jong-il, the former North Korean ruler, in mid-December 2011, there has been increased uncertainty with respect to the future of North Korea’s political leadership and concern regarding its implications for political and economic stability in the region. Although Kim Jong-eun, Kim Jong-il’s third son, assumed power as North Korea’s new ruler, the eventual outcome of the leadership transition remains uncertain. Furthermore, as only limited information is available outside of North Korea about Kim Jong-eun, and it is unclear which individuals or factions, if any, will share political power with Kim Jong-eun or assume the leadership if the transition is not successful, there is significant uncertainty regarding the policies, actions and initiatives that North Korea might pursue in the future.

 

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There can be no assurance that the level of tension on the Korean peninsula will not escalate in the future or that such escalation will not have a material adverse impact on the Republic’s economy or its ability to obtain future funding. Any further increase in tension, which may occur, for example, if North Korea experiences a leadership crisis, high-level contacts between the Republic and North Korea break down or military hostilities occur, could have a material adverse effect on the Republic’s economy.

Over the longer term, reunification of the two Koreas could occur. Reunification may entail a significant economic commitment by the Republic. In former President Lee’s national address on August 15, 2010, he suggested the possible adoption of a reunification tax as a potential means of alleviating the potential long-term economic burden associated with reunification. Such discussions on reunification are very preliminary, and it has not been decided whether or when such a reunification tax would be implemented. If a reunification tax is implemented, depending on how it is structured, it may lead to a decrease in domestic consumption, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on the Republic’s economy.

Foreign Relations and International Organizations

The Republic maintains diplomatic relations with most nations of the world, most importantly with the United States with which it entered into a mutual defense treaty and several economic agreements. The Republic also has important relationships with Japan and China, its largest trading partners together with the United States.

The Republic belongs to a number of supranational organizations, including:

 

   

the International Monetary Fund, or the IMF;

 

   

the World Bank;

 

   

the Asian Development Bank, or ADB;

 

   

the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency;

 

   

the International Finance Corporation;

 

   

the International Development Association;

 

   

the African Development Bank;

 

   

the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development;

 

   

the Bank for International Settlements;

 

   

the World Trade Organization, or WTO; and

 

   

the Inter-American Development Bank, or IDB.

In September 1991, the Republic and North Korea became members of the United Nations. During the 1996 and 1997 sessions, the Republic served as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

In March 1995, the Republic applied for admission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or the OECD, which the Republic officially joined as the twenty-ninth regular member in December 1996.

 

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The Economy

The following table sets forth information regarding certain of the Republic’s key economic indicators for the periods indicated.

 

     As of or for the year ended December 31,  
     2009     2010     2011     2012     2013  
     (billions of dollars and trillions of Won, except percentages)  

GDP Growth (at current prices)

     4.3     9.9     5.3     3.4     3.7

GDP Growth (at chained 2010 year prices)

     0.7     6.5     3.7     2.3     3.0

Inflation

     2.8     3.0     4.0     2.2     1.3

Unemployment(1)

     3.6     3.7     3.4     3.2     3.1

Trade Surplus(2)

   $ 40.4      $ 41.2      $ 30.8      $ 28.3      $ 44.1   

Foreign Currency Reserves

   $ 270.0      $ 291.6      $ 306.4      $ 327.0      $ 346.5   

External Liabilities(3)

   $ 344.6      $ 355.9      $ 400.0      $ 408.9      $ 416.1   

Fiscal Balance

   (17.6   16.7      18.6      18.5      14.2   

Direct Internal Debt of the Government(4)
(as % of GDP
(5))

     27.9     28.5     29.7     30.9     32.8

Direct External Debt of the Government(4)
(as % of GDP
(5))

     0.9     0.8     0.7     0.6     0.6

 

(1) Average for year.
(2) Derived from customs clearance statistics on a C.I.F. basis, meaning that the price of goods include insurance and freight cost.
(3) Calculated under the criteria based on the sixth edition of Balance of Payment Manual, or BPM6, published by the International Monetary Fund in December 2010.
(4) Does not include guarantees by the Government. See “—Debt—External and Internal Debt of the Government—Guarantees by the Government” for information on outstanding guarantees by the Government.
(5) At chained 2010 year prices.

Source: The Bank of Korea

Current Worldwide Economic and Financial Difficulties

In recent years, adverse conditions and volatility in the worldwide financial markets, fluctuations in oil and commodity prices and the general weakness of the U.S. and global economy have contributed to the uncertainty of global economic prospects in general and have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the Korean economy.

As liquidity and credit concerns and volatility in the global financial markets increased significantly since September 2008, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar depreciated at an accelerated rate during the fourth quarter of 2008 and first half of 2009. See “Monetary Policy—Foreign Exchange.” Such depreciation of the Won increased the cost of imported goods and services and the Won revenue needed by Korean companies to service foreign currency-denominated debt. Furthermore, as a result of adverse global and Korean economic conditions, there was a significant overall decline and continuing volatility in the stock prices of Korean companies. The Korea Composite Stock Price Index declined by 27.8% from 1,852.0 on May 30, 2008 to 1,336.7 on April 16, 2009. See “The Financial System—Securities Markets”. Moreover, gross domestic product, or GDP, in the first quarter of 2009 contracted by 4.3% at chained 2005 year prices compared with the same period in 2008, and exports in the first quarter of 2009 decreased by 24.8% to US$74.7 billion from US$99.4 billion in the same period in 2008. In addition, increases in credit spreads, as well as limitations on the availability of credit resulting from heightened concerns about the stability of the markets generally and the strength of counterparties specifically that led many lenders and institutional investors to reduce or cease funding to borrowers, adversely

 

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affected Korean banks’ ability to borrow, particularly with respect to foreign currency funding, in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first half of 2009.

In response to these developments, legislators and financial regulators in the United States and other jurisdictions, including Korea, implemented a number of policy measures designed to add stability to the financial markets, including the provision of direct and indirect assistance to distressed financial institutions. In particular, the Government implemented, among other things, the following measures in the fourth quarter of 2008 and in 2009:

 

   

in October 2008, the Government implemented a guarantee program to guarantee foreign currency-denominated debt incurred by Korean banks and their overseas branches between October 20, 2008 and June 30, 2009 (subsequently extended to December 31, 2009), up to an aggregate amount of US$100 billion, for a period of three years (subsequently extended to five years) from the date such debt was incurred;

 

   

in October 2008, The Bank of Korea established a temporary reciprocal currency swap arrangement with the Federal Reserve Board of the United States for up to US$30 billion, effective until April 30, 2009 (subsequently extended to October 30, 2009). The Bank of Korea provided U.S. dollar liquidity, through competitive auction facilities, to financial institutions established in Korea, using funds from the swap line;

 

   

in December 2008, a ₩10 trillion bond market stabilization fund was established to purchase financial and corporate bonds and debentures in order to provide liquidity to companies and financial institutions;

 

   

in December 2008, The Bank of Korea agreed with the People’s Bank of China to establish a bilateral currency swap arrangement for up to ₩38 trillion, effective for three years, and agreed with the Bank of Japan to increase the maximum amount of their bilateral swap arrangement from US$3 billion to US$20 billion, effective until April 30, 2009;

 

   

in December 2008 and March 2009, the Government, through Korea Asset Management Corporation, purchased approximately ₩1.7 trillion of non-performing loans held by savings banks;

 

   

during the first quarter of 2009, the Government, through the Bank of Korea and the Korea Development Bank, purchased from Korean banks approximately ₩4 trillion of hybrid securities and subordinated bonds;

 

   

during the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009, The Bank of Korea decreased the policy rate by a total of 3.25% points to 2.00% in order to address financial market instability and to help combat the slowdown of the domestic economy;

 

   

in April 2009, the National Assembly authorized the expansion of the 2009 national budget by ₩28.4 trillion to provide stimulus for the Korean economy; and

 

   

in December 2009, the Government, together with the member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, China and Japan, signed the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization Agreement to address balance-of-payments and short-term liquidity difficulties in the region and to supplement the existing international financial arrangements.

The global financial markets have experienced significant volatility in recent years as a result of, among other things, the downgrading by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services of the long-term sovereign credit rating of the United States to “AA+” from “AAA” in August 2011, as well as the continuing financial difficulties affecting many other governments worldwide, including Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal. In November 2009, the Dubai government announced a moratorium on the outstanding debt of Dubai World, a government-affiliated investment company. In November 2008, the Icelandic government, facing mounting debt problems, reached an agreement with the IMF to receive loans in the amount of US$2.1 billion over a two-year period, and in May

 

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2010 and March 2012, the Greek government reached an agreement with the IMF and the European Union to receive loans in the amount of Euro 110 billion over a three-year period and to receive additional loans in the amount of Euro 130 billion over a four-year period, respectively. In July 2012, the Spanish government reached an agreement with the European Union under the European Stability Mechanism, or ESM, to receive up to Euro 100 billion to cover the capitalization needs of the Spanish banking sector. In connection with the agreement with the Spanish government, the ESM disbursed Euro 37 billion and Euro 1.9 billion in December 2012 and February 2013, respectively, for the recapitalization of certain Spanish banks. Any of these or other developments could potentially trigger another financial and economic crisis, which could have a material adverse effect on the Korean economy and financial markets (including depreciation of the value of the Won, decline and volatility in the stock prices of Korean companies, increases in credit spreads and funding costs and decreases in exports).

There have been significant volatility in the Korea Composite Stock Index in recent years, due to adverse global financial and economic conditions. See “—The Financial System—Securities Markets”. There is no guarantee that the stock prices of Korean companies will not decline again in the future. Future declines in the index and large amounts of sales of Korean securities by foreign investors and subsequent repatriation of the proceeds of such sales may continue to adversely affect the value of the Won, the foreign currency reserves held by financial institutions in Korea, and the ability of Korean companies and banks to raise capital. In the event that such difficult conditions in the global credit markets continue or the global economy deteriorates in the future, the Korean economy could be adversely affected and Korean banks may be forced to fund their operations at a higher cost or may be unable to raise as much funding as they need to support their lending and other activities.

Furthermore, while many governments worldwide are considering or are in the process of implementing “exit strategies”, in the form of reduced government spending, higher interest rates or otherwise, with respect to the economic stimulus measures adopted in response to the global financial crisis, such strategies may, for reasons related to timing, magnitude or other factors, have the unintended consequence of prolonging or worsening global economic and financial difficulties.

Any of the foregoing global developments may have a material adverse effect on the Korean economy. In addition, domestic developments that could lead or contribute to a material adverse effect on the Korean economy include, among other things, the following:

 

   

steadily rising household debt consisting of housing loans and merchandise credit, which increased to ₩1,024.9 trillion as of March 31, 2014 from ₩843.2 trillion as of December 31, 2010, primarily due to increases in mortgage loans and purchases with credit cards;

 

   

a slowdown in consumer spending and depressed consumer sentiment, which reached an 8 month low in May 2014 due in part to a decrease in consumer spending following the sinking of the Sewol passenger ferry in April 2014 that led to the death of hundreds of passengers;

 

   

a decrease in tax revenue and a substantial increase in the Korean government’s expenditures for pension and social welfare programs, due in part to an aging population (defined as the population of people aged 65 years or older) that accounts for 11.3% of the Republic’s total population as of December 31, 2010, an increase from 7.2% as of December 31, 2000, and is expected to surpass 15% in 2020 and 20% in 2026, which could lead to the Korean government’s budget deficit;

 

   

increasing delinquencies and credit defaults by consumer and small- and medium-sized enterprise borrowers;

 

   

decreases in the market prices of Korean real estate; and

 

   

the occurrence of severe health epidemics, including epidemics that affect the livestock industry.

 

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Gross Domestic Product

GDP measures the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country for a given period and reveals whether a country’s productive output rises or falls over time. Economists present GDP in both current market prices and “real” or “inflation-adjusted” terms. In March 2009, the Republic adopted a method known as the “chain-linked” measure of GDP, replacing the previous fixed-base, or “constant” measure of GDP, to show the real growth of the aggregate economic activity, as recommended by the System of National Accounts 1993. GDP at current market prices values a country’s output using the actual prices of each year, whereas the “chain-linked” measure of GDP is compiled by using “chained indices” linking volume growth between consecutive time periods. In March 2014, the Republic published a revised GDP calculation method by implementing the System of National Accounts 2008 and updating the reference year from 2005 to 2010 to align Korean national accounts statistics with the recommendations of the new international standards for compiling national economic accounts and to maintain comparability with other nations’ accounts. The main components of these revisions include, among other things, (i) recognizing expenditures for research and development and creative activity for the products of entertainment, literary and artistic originals as fixed investment, (ii) incorporating a wide array of new and revised source data such as the economic census, the population and housing census and 2010 benchmark input-output tables, which provide thorough and detailed information on the structure of the Korean economy, (iii) developing supply-use tables, which provide a statistical tool for ensuring consistency among the production, expenditure and income approaches to measuring GDP and (iv) recording merchandise trade transactions based on ownership changes rather than movements of goods across the national frontier.

 

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The following table sets out the composition of the Republic’s GDP at current market and chained 2010 year prices and the annual average increase in the Republic’s GDP.

Gross Domestic Product

 

    2009     2010     2011     2012     2013(1)     As % of
GDP
2013(1)
 
    (billions of Won, except as indicated)        

Gross Domestic Product at Current Market Prices:

           

Private

    594,882.6        636,712.7        679,141.5        707,614.0        728,910.1        51.0   

Government

    174,706.0        183,108.5        194,381.2        204,324.2        213,199.0        14.9   

Gross Capital Formation

    327,841.2        405,188.0        439,236.1        427,028.5        414,042.6        29.0   

Exports of Goods and Services

    547,634.3        625,308.8        742,936.0        776,062.4        770,202.6        53.9   

Less Imports of Goods and Services

    (493,655.1     (585,010.0     (723,013.8     (737,572.4     (697,888.7     48.9   

Statistical Discrepancy

    298.8        —          —          —          (171.0     0.0   

Expenditures on Gross Domestic Product

    1,151,707.8        1,265,308.0        1,332,681.0        1,377,456.7        1,428,294.6        100.0   

Net Factor Income from the Rest of the World

    (2,726.0     1,271.9        7,848.8        14,138.8        12,768.9        0.9   

Gross National Income(2)

    1,148,981.8        1,266,579.8        1,340,529.8        1,391,595.5        1,441,063.5        100.9   

Gross Domestic Product at Chained 2010 Year Prices:

           

Private

    609,997.3        636,712.7        655,181.1        667,781.2        681,325.0        49.3   

Government

    176,323.4        183,108.5        187,158.2        193,473.5        198,701.8        14.4   

Gross Capital Formation

    343,840.2        405,188.0        419,282.7        409,639.9        409,570.5        29.6   

Exports of Goods and Services

    554,856.2        625,308.8        719,943.2        756,558.4        788,828.7        57.1   

Less Imports of Goods and Services

    (498,917.0     (585,010.0     (668,931.5     (685,009.4     (695,928.2     (50.4

Statistical Discrepancy

    789.5        —          (740.9     (142.1     (361.4     (0.0

Expenditures on Gross Domestic Product(3)

    1,188,118.4        1,265,308.0        1,311,892.7        1,341,966.5        1,381,837.7        100.0   

Net Factor Income from the Rest of the World in the Terms of Trade

    (2,604.7     1,271.9        7,573.1        13,577.8        12,545.4        0.9   

Trading Gains and Losses from Changes in the Terms of Trade

    (1,397.1     —          (32,183.6     (33,075.1     (18,837.5     (1.4

Gross National Income(4)

    1,184,103.8        1,266,579.8        1,287,282.2        1,322,449.9        1,375,534.0        99.5   

Percentage Increase (Decrease) of GDP over Previous Year At Current Prices

    4.3        9.9        5.3        3.4        3.7     

At Chained 2010 Year Prices

    0.7        6.5        3.7        2.3        3.0     

 

(1) Preliminary.
(2) GDP plus net factor income from the rest of the world is equal to the Republic’s gross national product.
(3) Under the “chain-linked” measure of GDP, the components of GDP will not necessarily add to the total GDP.
(4) Under the “chain-linked” measure of Gross National Income, the components of Gross National Income will not necessarily add to the total Gross National Income.
Source: The Bank of Korea.

 

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The following table sets out the Republic’s GDP by economic sector at current market prices:

Gross Domestic Product by Economic Sector

(at current market prices)

 

    2009     2010     2011     2012     2013(1)     As % of GDP
2013(1)
 
    (billions of Won)  

Industrial Sectors:

           

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

    27,033.4        28,297.4        30,454.0        30,775.1        30,563.3        2.1   

Mining and Manufacturing

    302,274.2        353,969.9        381,808.0        390,288.6        407,991.8        28.6   

Mining and Quarrying

    2,237.7        2,199.3        2,287.0        2,278.5        2,465.3        0.2   

Manufacturing

    300,036.5        351,770.6        379,521.0        388,010.1        405,526.5        28.4   

Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

    21,245.6        25,632.3        23,994.1        26,178.2        30,037.2        2.1   

Construction

    59,610.0        58,633.7        58,587.3        59,959.4        64,644.4        4.5   

Services:

    634,402.2        678,590.8        715,112.9        744,253.9        770,698.3        54.0   

Wholesale and Retail Trade, Restaurants and Hotels

    118,140.5        130,351.2        140,705.3        146,807.7        150,275.0        10.5   

Transportation and Storage

    40,520.3        44,539.1        42,458.7        43,570.7        46,748.6        3.3   

Finance and Insurance

    65,351.7        71,669.6        77,872.6        75,808.5        71,374.0        5.0   

Real Estate and Leasing

    88,208.4        91,042.0        94,716.1        98,923.6        103,256.7        7.2   

Information and Communication

    43,988.5        45,364.1        46,827.0        48,774.2        50,313.1        3.5   

Business Activities

    70,187.6        77,950.1        83,277.4        88,828.1        95,207.8        6.7   

Public Administration and Defense

    76,178.0        78,885.9        83,290.8        88,654.6        93,562.9        6.6   

Education

    61,915.1        63,749.4        66,559.6        68,546.3        71,029.1        5.0   

Health and Social Work

    40,625.9        43,925.1        46,656.1        50,031.3        53,494.6        3.8   

Cultural and Other Services

    29,286.3        31,114.5        32,749.4        34,309.0        35,436.5        2.5   

Taxes Less Subsidies on Products

    107,142.3        120,183.9        122,724.8        126,001.4        124,359.7        8.7   

Gross Domestic Product at Current Market Prices

    1,151,707.8        1,265,308.0        1,332,681.0        1,357,456.7        1,428,294.6        100.0   

Net Factor Income from the Rest of the World

    (2,726.0     1,271.9        7,848.8        14,138.8        12,768.9        0.9   

Gross National Income at Current Market Price

    1,148,981.8        1,266,579.8        1,340,529.8        1,391,595.5        1,441,063.5        100.9   

 

(1) Preliminary.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

 

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The following table sets out the Republic’s GDP per capita:

Gross Domestic Product per capita

(at current market prices)

 

     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013(1)  

GDP per capita (thousands of Won)

     23,417         25,608         26,772         27,547         28,441   

GDP per capita (U.S. dollar)

     18,346         22,147         24,160         24,445         25,973   

Average Exchange Rate (in Won per U.S. dollar)

     1,276.4         1,156.3         1,108.1         1,126.9         1,095.0   

 

(1) Preliminary.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

The following table sets out the Republic’s Gross National Income, or GNI, per capita:

Gross National Income per capita

(at current market prices)

 

     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013(1)  

GNI per capita (thousands of Won)

     23,362         25,634         26,929         27,829         28,695   

GNI per capita (U.S. dollar)

     18,303         22,170         24,302         24,696         26,205   

Average Exchange Rate (in Won per U.S. dollar)

     1,276.4         1,156.3         1,108.1         1,126.9         1,095.0   

 

(1) Preliminary.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

The following table sets out the Republic’s GDP by economic sector at chained 2010 year prices:

Gross Domestic Product by Economic Sector

(at chained 2010 year prices)

 

    2009     2010     2011     2012     2013(1)     As % of GDP
2013(1)
 
    (billions of Won)  

Industrial Sectors:

           

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

    29,575.7        28,297.4        27,744.6        27,506.9        29,089.7        2.1   

Mining and Manufacturing

    311,903.7        353,969.9        376,958.3        385,853.1        398,570.4        28.8   

Mining and Quarrying

    2,399.1        2,199.3        2,176.3        2,170.5        2,334.7        0.2   

Manufacturing

    309,504.6        351,770.6        374,782.0        383,682.6        396,235.7        28.7   

Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

    24,211.1        25,632.3        25,687.4        26,710.3        27,097.5        2.0   

Construction

    60,877.8        58,633.7        55,432.2        54,430.5        56,390.4        4.1   

Services:

    649,913.5        678,590.8        699,580.8        718,851.2        739,501.2        53.5   

Wholesale and Retail Trade, Restaurants and Hotels

    122,252.4        130,351.2        137,058.1        141,698.2        146,355.2        10.6   

Transportation and Storage

    39,545.2        44,539.1        46,157.9        46,877.6        47,434.3        3.4   

Finance and Insurance

    70,201.1        71,669.6        72,741.3        75,547.3        78,366.6        5.7   

Real Estate and Leasing

    89,033.3        91,042.0        93,383.7        93,182.9        93,905.0        6.8   

Information and Communication

    43,953.2        45,364.1        47,931.6        50,199.3        52,082.3        3.8   

Business Activities

    73,951.0        77,950.1        80,913.7        83,352.8        87,613.1        6.3   

Public Administration and Defense

    76,846.7        78,885.9        80,639.1        82,940.5        85,088.5        6.2   

Education

    63,002.1        63,749.4        63,806.6        64,386.6        64,512.7        4.7   

Health and Social Work

    41,285.4        43,925.1        45,483.3        48,693.4        51,634.4        3.7   

Cultural and Other Services

    29,957.2        31,114.5        31,465.5        31,972.6        32,509.1        2.4   

Taxes Less Subsidies on Products

    111,675.3        120,183.9        126,489.5        128,708.4        131,174.2        9.5   

Gross Domestic Product at Chained 2010 Year Prices(2)

    1,188,118.4        1,265,308.0        1,311,892.7        1,341,966.5        1,381,837.7        100.0   

 

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(1) Preliminary.
(2) Under the “chain-linked” measure of GDP, the components of GDP will not necessarily add to the total GDP.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

GDP growth in 2009 was 0.7% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 1.3% and gross domestic fixed capital formation increased by 0.3%, which more than offset a decrease in exports of goods and services by 0.3%, each compared with 2008.

GDP growth in 2010 was 6.5% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 4.3%, exports of goods and services increased by 12.7% and gross domestic fixed capital formation increased by 5.5%, each compared with 2009.

GDP growth in 2011 was 3.7% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 2.7%, exports of goods and services increased by 15.1% and gross domestic fixed capital formation increased by 0.8%, each compared with 2010.

GDP growth in 2012 was 2.3% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 2.2% and exports of goods and services increased by 5.1%, which more than offset a decrease in gross domestic fixed capital formation by 0.5%, each compared with 2011.

Based on preliminary data, GDP growth in 2013 was 3.0% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 2.2%, exports of goods and services increased by 4.3% and gross domestic fixed capital formation increased by 4.2%, each compared with 2012.

Based on preliminary data, GDP growth in the first quarter of 2014 was 3.9% at chained 2010 year prices, as aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures increased by 2.6%, exports of goods and services increased by 4.5% and gross domestic fixed capital formation increased by 5.9%, each compared with the corresponding period of 2013.

 

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Principal Sectors of the Economy

Industrial Sectors

The following table sets out production indices for the principal industrial products of the Republic and their relative contribution to total industrial production:

Industrial Production

(2010 = 100)

 

     Index
Weight(1)
     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013(2)  

All Industries

     10,000.0         86.0         100.0         106.0         107.4         107.8   

Mining and Manufacturing

     9,611.6         85.7         100.0         106.0         107.5         107.8   

Mining

     33.9         107.8         100.0         104.5         99.8         104.1   

Petroleum, Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas

     8.7         102.1         100.0         91.6         90.2         86.2   

Metal Ores

     0.9         55.2         100.0         124.9         108.5         98.4   

Non-metallic Minerals

     24.3         112.6         100.0         108.4         102.9         110.7   

Manufacturing

     9,577.7         85.7         100.0         106.0         107.5         107.8   

Food Products

     434.4         94.3         100.0         101.9         103.4         103.4   

Beverage Products

     82.4         95.1         100.0         103.5         108.2         108.3   

Tobacco Products

     43.2         103.6         100.0         101.6         105.6         96.5   

Textiles

     160.6         89.2         100.0         101.5         99.1         97.4   

Wearing Apparel, Clothing Accessories and Fur Articles

     145.2         95.2         100.0         100.6         97.9         93.2   

Tanning and Dressing of Leather, Luggage and Footwear

     42.1         105.3         100.0         101.1         98.2         108.4   

Wood and Products of Wood and Cork (Except Furniture)

     31.7         101.1         100.0         97.5         87.9         93.5   

Pulp, Paper and Paper Products

     126.8         93.7         100.0         102.3         102.7         104.6   

Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media

     50.2         87.5         100.0         91.8         90.5         86.5   

Coke, hard-coal and lignite fuel briquettes and Refined Petroleum Products

     471.0         96.7         100.0         106.9         109.1         104.6   

Chemicals and Chemical Products

     847.5         92.5         100.0         102.7         106.6         110.5   

Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemicals and Botanical Products

     144.1         95.9         100.0         100.3         101.2         104.2   

Rubber and Plastic Products

     421.1         89.1         100.0         105.1         106.4         108.8   

Non-metallic Minerals

     271.7         94.8         100.0         100.3         95.2         98.6   

Basic Metals

     827.6         83.3         100.0         106.2         106.8         105.9   

Fabricated Metal Products

     557.8         92.2         100.0         108.9         117.9         116.1   

Electronic Components, Computer, Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatuses

     1,794.3         79.9         100.0         107.1         109.7         113.5   

Medical, Precision and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks

     148.1         89.4         100.0         105.6         111.6         123.5   

Electrical Equipment

     479.5         90.9         100.0         100.8         98.8         96.4   

Other Machinery and Equipment

     803.6         72.2         100.0         109.3         107.0         102.2   

Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semitrailers

     1,076.4         81.2         100.0         114.7         114.5         115.9   

Other Transport Equipment

     506.5         107.4         100.0         101.7         107.1         101.6   

Furniture

     69.5         94.7         100.0         105.4         98.2         96.9   

Other Products

     42.4         86.7         100.0         102.2         103.8         102.9   

Electricity, Gas

     388.4         91.3         100.0         104.5         106.4         106.9   

Total Index

     10,000.0         86.0         100.0         106.0         107.4         107.8   

 

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(1) Index weights were established on the basis of an industrial census in 2010 and reflect the average annual value added by production in each of the classifications shown, expressed as a percentage of total value added in the mining, manufacturing and electricity and gas industries in that year.
(2) Preliminary.

Source: The Bank of Korea; Korea National Statistical Office.

Industrial production decreased by 0.1% in 2009, primarily due to decreased exports as a result of adverse global economic conditions beginning in the second half of 2008. Industrial production increased by 16.3% in 2010, primarily due to increased exports and domestic consumption. Industrial production increased by 6.0% in 2011, primarily due to increased exports and domestic consumption. Industrial production increased by 1.3% in 2012, primarily due to increased domestic consumption. Based on preliminary data, industrial production increased by 0.4% in 2013, primarily due to increased exports.

Manufacturing

In 2009, the manufacturing sector decreased production by 0.2%, primarily due to adverse global economic conditions. The manufacturing sector increased production by 16.7% in 2010, primarily due to the recovery of domestic and global demand for automobiles, mobile phones and consumer electronics products, by 6.0% in 2011, primarily due to increased domestic consumption and exports, and by 1.4% in 2012, primarily due to increased demand for consumer electronics products, electronic equipment and chemical products. Based on preliminary data, the manufacturing sector increased production by 0.3% in 2013, primarily due to increased demand for consumer electronics products, electronic equipment, chemical products, medical equipment and transport equipment.

Automobiles. In 2009, automobile production decreased by 8.2%, domestic sales volume recorded an increase of 20.7% and export sales volume recorded a decrease of 19.9%, compared with 2008, primarily due to the continued decrease in global demand for automobiles. In 2009, export sales of automobiles constituted approximately 6.2% of the Republic’s total exports. The automobile stimulus programs of a number of governments, including those in the United States and Europe, encouraged demand for automobiles in the relevant countries for the first nine months of 2009, the effect of which partially offset the decrease in global demand for Korean automobiles during the duration of such stimulus programs. In the fourth quarter of 2009, export sales of automobiles increased compared to previous quarters of 2009, primarily due to the recovery of global demand for automobiles, the effect of which more than offset the negative impact of termination of most of such governments’ automobile stimulus programs in the second half of 2009. In 2010, automobile production increased by 21.6%, domestic sales volume recorded an increase of 5.1% and export sales volume recorded an increase of 29.0%, compared with 2009, primarily due to the recovery of global demand for automobiles. In 2011, automobile production increased by 9.0%, domestic sales volume recorded an increase of 0.6% and export sales volume recorded an increase of 13.7%, compared with 2010, primarily due to increased demand for automobiles in the United States, Brazil, Russia and China. In 2012, automobile production decreased by 2.1%, domestic sales volume recorded a decrease of 4.3% and export sales volume recorded an increase of 0.6%, compared with 2011, primarily due to decreased domestic demand for automobiles. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, automobile production decreased by 0.9%, domestic sales volume recorded a decrease of 1.9% and export sales volume recorded a decrease of 2.6%, compared with 2012, primarily due to decreased supply of automobiles resulting mainly from partial strikes by unionized workers of automobile manufacturers in August 2013 and the appreciation of the Won against the US dollar and the Japanese Yen.

Electronics. In 2009, electronics production amounted to ₩338,558 billion, an increase of 6.8% from the previous year, primarily due to an increase in domestic demand for mobile phones, and exports amounted to US$120.9 billion, a decrease of 7.8% from the previous year, primarily due to a decrease in global demand for consumer electronics products. In 2009, export sales of semiconductor memory chips constituted approximately 8.5% of the Republic’s total exports. In 2010, electronics production amounted to ₩400,092 billion, an increase

 

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of 18.1% from the previous year, and exports amounted to US$153.9 billion, an increase of 27.3% from the previous year, primarily due to the recovery of global demand for consumer electronics products. In 2010, export sales of semiconductor memory chips constituted approximately 10.9% of the Republic’s total exports. In 2011, electronics production amounted to ₩409,699 billion, an increase of 2.4% from the previous year, and exports amounted to US$156.6 billion, an increase of 1.8% from the previous year, primarily due to continued increase in global demand for mobile phones and tablet computers. In 2011, export sales of semiconductor memory chips constituted approximately 9.0% of the Republic’s total exports. In 2012, electronics production amounted to ₩415,984 billion, an increase of 1.5% from the previous year, primarily due to increased domestic demand for mobile phones and non-memory semiconductors, and exports amounted to US$155.2 billion, a decrease of 0.9% from the previous year, primarily due to adverse economic conditions in European countries. In 2012, export sales of semiconductor memory chips constituted approximately 9.2% of the Republic’s total exports. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, electronics production amounted to ₩442,396 billion, an increase of 6.3% from the previous year, and exports amounted to US$169.4 billion, an increase of 9.1% from the previous year, primarily due to increases in demand for mobile phones in emerging markets and global demand for non-memory semiconductors. In 2013, export sales of semiconductor memory chips constituted approximately 10.2% of the Republic’s total exports.

Iron and Steel. In 2009, crude steel production totaled 48.6 million tons, a decrease of 8.9% from 2008, and domestic sales volume and export sales volume decreased by 21.4% and 1.2%, respectively, primarily due to adverse global economic conditions. In 2010, crude steel production totaled 58.9 million tons, an increase of 20.2% from 2009, and domestic sales volume and export sales volume increased by 21.6% and 21.1%, respectively, primarily due to the recovery of global demand for crude steel products. In 2011, crude steel production totaled 68.5 million tons, an increase of 16.3% from 2010, and domestic sales volume and export sales volume increased by 5.8% and 16.9%, respectively, primarily due to continued increase in global demand for crude steel products. In 2012, crude steel production totaled 69.1 million tons, an increase of 0.9% from 2011, and domestic sales volume decreased by 5.1% but export sales volume increased by 4.8%, primarily due to adverse conditions in the domestic shipbuilding and construction industries. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, crude steel production totaled 66.1 million tons, a decrease of 4.4% from 2012, and domestic sales volume and export sales volume decreased by 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively, primarily due to the appreciation of the Won against the US dollar and the Japanese Yen and excess supply from China.

Shipbuilding. In 2009, the Republic’s shipbuilding orders amounted to approximately 2 million compensated gross tons, a decrease of 85.7% compared to 2008 as a result of a decrease in ship orders due to adverse global economic conditions. In 2010, the Republic’s shipbuilding orders amounted to approximately 8 million compensated gross tons, an increase of 300.0% compared to 2009, primarily due to the recovery of global demand for bulk carriers and tank vessels. In 2011, the Republic’s shipbuilding orders amounted to approximately 12 million compensated gross tons, an increase of 50.0% compared to 2010, primarily due to increased demand for large container carriers, LNG carriers and floating production storage and offloading vessels. In 2012, the Republic’s shipbuilding orders amounted to approximately 7 million compensated gross tons, a decrease of 41.7% compared to 2011, primarily due to a downturn in the shipping and shipbuilding industry. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, the Republic’s shipbuilding orders amounted to approximately 17 million compensated gross tons, an increase of 142.8% compared to 2012, primarily due to increased demand for LNG carriers, bulk carriers and container carriers.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

The Government’s agricultural policy has traditionally focused on:

 

   

grain production;

 

   

development of irrigation systems;

 

   

land consolidation and reclamation;

 

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seed improvement;

 

   

mechanization measures to combat drought and flood damage; and

 

   

increasing agricultural incomes.

Recently, however, the Government has increased emphasis on cultivating profitable crops and strengthening international competitiveness in anticipation of opening the domestic agricultural market.

In 2009, rice production increased 2.0% from 2008 to 4.9 million tons. In 2010, rice production decreased 12.2% from 2009 to 4.3 million tons. In 2011, rice production decreased 2.3% from 2010 to 4.2 million tons. In 2012, rice production decreased 4.7% from 2011 to 4.0 million tons. In 2013, rice production increased 5.0% from 2012 to 4.2 million tons. Due to limited crop yields resulting from geographical and physical constraints, the Republic depends on imports for certain basic foodstuffs.

The Government is seeking to develop the fishing industry by encouraging the building of large fishing vessels and modernizing fishing equipment, marketing techniques and distribution outlets.

In 2009, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry increased by 3.2% compared to 2008, primarily due to increases in the aquaculture and livestock industries. In 2010, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry decreased by 4.4% compared to 2009, primarily due to decreases in production of rice, fruits and corns and fishing catch resulting from unusually unfavorable weather conditions, which more than offset an increase in the livestock industry. In 2011, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry decreased by 2.1% compared to 2010, primarily due to unfavorable weather conditions, including heavy rains, during the summer and a decrease in fishing catch. In 2012, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry decreased by 0.6% compared to 2011, primarily due to unfavorable weather conditions, including severe typhoons, which more than offset an increase in the livestock industry. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry increased by 5.6% compared to 2012, primarily due to an increase in the cultivation and livestock industry.

Construction

In 2009, the construction industry increased by 1.8% compared to 2008, primarily due to an increase in infrastructure construction which more than offset a decrease in residential and commercial construction. In 2010, the construction industry decreased by 2.7% compared to 2009, primarily due to a decrease in residential construction which more than offset an increase in commercial construction. In 2011, the construction industry decreased by 4.3% compared to 2010, primarily due to a decrease in the construction of residential and commercial buildings. In 2012, the construction industry decreased by 1.6% compared to 2011, primarily due to a decrease in the construction of residential buildings and port facilities. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, the construction industry increased by 3.7% compared to 2012, primarily due to an increase in the construction of residential and commercial buildings. The construction industry has experienced a significant downturn since the second half of 2009, due to excessive investment in recent years in residential property development projects, stagnation of real property prices and reduced demand for residential property, especially in areas outside of Seoul, as a result of deteriorating conditions in the Korean economy in the second half of 2009 and into 2010. The Government has taken measures to support the Korean construction industry, including a ₩5 trillion program to buy unsold housing units and land from construction companies, the exemption of acquisition tax for first-time homebuyers, the reduction of acquisition tax for homebuyers and the reduction of transfer income tax for multiple home owners. However, the effect of these measures is uncertain and the construction industry may continue to experience adverse conditions. However, the effect of these measures is uncertain and the construction industry may continue to experience adverse conditions.

 

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Electricity and Gas

The following table sets out the Republic’s dependence on imports for energy consumption:

Dependence on Imports for Energy Consumption

 

     Total  Energy
Consumption
     Imports      Imports
Dependence  Ratio
 
     (millions of tons of oil equivalents, except ratios)  

2009

     243.3         234.7         96.5   

2010

     263.8         254.6         96.5   

2011

     276.6         266.8         96.4   

2012

     278.7         267.6         96.0   

2013

     280.5         268.4         95.7   

 

Source: Korea Energy Economics Institute; Korea National Statistical Office.

Korea has almost no domestic oil or gas production and depends on imported oil and gas to meet its energy requirements. Accordingly, the international prices of oil and gas significantly affect the Korean economy. Any significant long-term increase in the prices of oil and gas will increase inflationary pressures in Korea and adversely affect the Republic’s balance of trade.

To reduce its dependence on oil and gas imports, the Government has encouraged energy conservation and energy source diversification emphasizing nuclear energy. The following table sets out the principal primary sources of energy consumed in the Republic, expressed in oil equivalents and as a percentage of total energy consumption.

Consumption of Energy by Source

 

     Coal      Petroleum      Nuclear      Others(1)      Total  
     Quantity      %      Quantity      %      Quantity      %      Quantity      %      Quantity      %  
     (millions of tons of oil equivalents, except percentages)  

2009

     68.6         28.2         102.3         42.0         31.8         13.1         40.6         16.7         243.3         100.0   

2010

     77.1         29.2         104.3         39.5         31.9         12.1         50.5         19.1         263.8         100.0   

2011

     83.5         30.2         105.1         38.0         33.2         12.0         54.8         19.8         276.6         100.0   

2012

     81.1         29.1         106.2         38.1         31.8         11.4         59.6         21.4         278.7         100.0   

2013

     81.9         29.2         106.1         37.8         29.3         10.4         63.2         22.6         280.5         100.0   

 

(1) Includes natural gas, hydroelectric power and renewable energy.

Source: Korea Energy Economics Institute; The Bank of Korea.

The Republic’s first nuclear power plant went into full operation in 1978 with a rated generating capacity of 587 megawatts. As of December 31, 2013, the Republic has 23 nuclear plants with a total estimated nuclear power generating capacity of 20,716 megawatts and five nuclear plants under construction. In January 2014, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy revised the target proportion of nuclear supply in the Korea’s energy supply mix from 41% by 2030 to 29% by 2035 while also approving the construction of two additional plants in line with previously announced plans to build 10 new nuclear plants by 2030 to replace aging nuclear power plants. The Government plans to expand infrastructure to supply natural gas to households, pursue a long-term strategy of overseas energy development projects to ensure supply stability, increase clean and renewable energy and provide support for research and development pertaining to green technologies.

 

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Services Sector

In 2009, the service industry increased by 1.2% compared to 2008 as the financial intermediation sector increased by 4.4% which more than offset a 5.8% decrease in the transportation and storage sector and a 0.2% decrease in the real estate and renting sector, each compared with 2008. In 2010, the service industry increased by 4.4% compared to 2009 as the transportation and storage sector increased by 9.6%, the financial intermediation sector increased by 2.5% and the real estate and renting sector increased by 0.3%, each compared with 2009. In 2011, the service industry increased by 3.0% compared to 2010 as the transportation and storage sector increased by 3.8%, the financial intermediation sector increased by 1.6% and the real estate and renting sector increased by 2.2%, each compared with 2010. In 2012, the service industry increased by 2.7% compared to 2011 as the transportation and storage sector increased by 1.3%, the financial intermediation sector increased by 3.6% and the real estate and renting sector increased by 0.1%, each compared with 2011. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, the service industry increased by 2.8% compared to 2012 as the transportation and storage sector increased by 1.2%, the financial intermediation sector increased by 3.6% and the real estate and renting sector increased by 0.8%, each compared with 2012.

Prices, Wages and Employment

The following table shows selected price and wage indices and unemployment rates:

 

     Producer
Price
Index(1)
     Increase
(Decrease)
Over
Previous
Year
    Consumer
Price
Index(1)
     Increase
(Decrease)
Over
Previous
Year
     Wage
Index(1)(2)
    Increase
(Decrease)
Over
Previous
Year
    Unemployment
Rate(1)(3)
 
     (2010=100)      (%)     (2010=100)      (%)      (2008=100)     (%)     (%)  

2009

     96.3         (0.2     97.1         2.8         102.2        2.2        3.6   

2010

     100.0         3.8        100.0         3.0         111.5        9.1        3.7   

2011

     106.7         6.7        104.0         4.0         113.3        1.6        3.4   

2012

     107.5         0.7        106.3         2.2         120.2        6.1        3.2   

2013

     105.7         (1.6     107.7         1.3         N/A (4)      N/A (4)      3.1   

 

(1) Average for year.
(2) Nominal wage index of average earnings in manufacturing industry.
(3) Expressed as a percentage of the economically active population.
(4) Not available.

Source: The Bank of Korea; Korea National Statistical Office.

In 2009, the inflation rate decreased to 2.8% from 4.7% in 2008, primarily due to weakened aggregate demand and lower oil and raw material prices. In 2010, the inflation rate increased to 3.0%, primarily due to increased oil prices and agricultural goods prices caused by abnormal weather in the second half of 2010. In 2011, the inflation rate increased to 4.0%, primarily due to increased oil prices in the first quarter as well as decreased supply in agricultural goods caused by unusually low temperatures in the spring and heavy rainfall in the summer. In 2012, the inflation rate decreased to 2.2%, primarily due to weakened aggregate demand and the implementation of new policies, including free school lunches. In 2013, the inflation rate decreased to 1.3%, primarily due to increased supply of agricultural goods. The inflation rate was 1.1% in the first quarter of 2014.

In 2009, the unemployment rate decreased to 3.6% from 3.2% in 2008, primarily due to a significant decrease in the number of workers employed in manual labor, including in clothes manufacturing and personal services. In 2010, the unemployment rate increased to 3.7%, primarily due to a steeper increase in the economically active population than the increase in the number of employed workers. In 2011, the

 

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unemployment rate decreased to 3.4%, primarily due to an increase in the number of workers employed in the service industry (including healthcare, social welfare and education). In 2012, the unemployment rate decreased to 3.2%, primarily due to the continued increase in the number of workers employed in the service industry. In 2013, the unemployment rate decreased to 3.1%, primarily due to the continued increase in the number of workers employed in the service industry. The unemployment rate was 4.0% in the first quarter of 2014.

From 1992 to 2009, the economically active population of the Republic increased by approximately 24.8% to 24.3 million, while the number of employees increased by approximately 23.7% to 23.5 million. The economically active population over 15 years old as a percentage of the total over-15 population has remained between 60% and 63% over the past decade. Literacy among workers under 50 is almost universal. As of December 31, 2013, the economically active population of the Republic was 25.9 million and the number of employees was 25.1 million.

The following table shows selected employment information by industry and by gender:

 

     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
     (all figures in percentages, except as indicated)  

Labor force (in thousands)

     23,506         23,829         24,244         24,681         25,066   

Employment by Industry:

              

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

     7.0         6.6         6.4         6.2         6.1   

Mining and Manufacturing

     16.4         17.0         16.9         16.7         16.8   

S.O.C & Services

     76.6         76.5         76.7         77.1         77.2   

Electricity, Transport, Communication and Finance

     11.7         11.9         12.2         12.1         12.2   

Business, Private & Public Service and Other Services

     34.0         34.2         34.6         35.1         35.5   

Construction

     7.3         7.4         7.2         7.2         7.0   

Wholesale & Retail Trade, Hotels and Restaurants

     23.6         23.0         22.7         22.7         22.5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Employed

     100.0         100.0         100.0         100.0         100.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Employment by Gender:

              

Male

     58.4         58.4         58.4         58.3         58.1   

Female

     41.6         41.6         41.6         41.7         41.9   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Employed

     100.0         100.0         100.0         100.0         100.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of July 1, 2004, the Republic adopted a five-day workweek for large corporations with over 1,000 employees, publicly-owned (state-run) companies, banks and insurance companies, reducing working hours from 44 to 40 hours a week. The adoption of the five-day workweek has been extended to companies with over 300 employees and to government employees as of July 1, 2005 and to companies with over 100 employees as of July 1, 2006. Companies with more than 50 employees adopted the five-day workweek as of July 1, 2007 and those with over 20 adopted the five-day workweek as of July 1, 2008. Companies with less than 20 employees also adopted the five-day workweek on July 1, 2011.

Approximately 10.3% of the Republic’s workers were unionized as of December 31, 2012. Labor unrest in connection with demands by unionized workers for better wages and working conditions and greater job security occur from time to time in the Republic. Some of the significant incidents in recent years include the following:

 

   

In May 2009, unionized workers of Ssangyong Motor Company went on full-scale strike and illegally occupied the company’s factory premises in Pyungtaek opposing the company’s reorganization plan.

 

   

In December 2010, unionized workers at Hanjin Heavy Industries went on strike when the company laid-off workers. While the company reached an agreement with the majority of workers in June 2011, one worker continued her protest by occupying a shipyard crane until November 2011.

 

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In July 2011, unionized employees at Standard Chartered Korea (formerly, SC First Bank) engaged in a two-month strike, the longest in the Republic’s banking sector, demanding that the bank scrap performance-related pay reforms.

 

   

In June 2012, unionized taxi drivers went on their first nationwide strike demanding fare increases and protesting against increased fuel costs.

 

   

In August 2012, unionized workers of Hyundai Motor Company went on a series of partial strikes demanding a higher bonus increase and the end of overnight shifts.

 

   

In August 2013, unionized workers at Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors Corporation went on partial strikes demanding higher wages.

 

   

In December 2013, unionized workers at the state owned Korea Railroad Corporation (“Korail”) went on strike against Korail’s plan to establish a separate company to operate a new bullet train line fearing that such plan would eventually lead to privatization of Korail and layoffs of existing workers.

Actions such as these by labor unions may hinder implementation of the labor reform measures and disrupt the Government’s plans to create a more flexible labor market. Although much effort is being expended to resolve labor disputes in a peaceful manner, there can be no assurance that further labor unrest will not occur in the future. Continued labor unrest in key industries of the Republic may have an adverse effect on the economy.

In 1997, the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions organized a political alliance, which led to the formation of the Democratic Labor Party in January 2000. The Democratic Labor Party, which seeks to represent the interests of workers, controlled five seats in the National Assembly from May 30, 2008 as a result of the 18th legislative general election held on April 9, 2008. The Democratic Labor Party merged with The New People’s Participation Party and changed its name to The Unified Progressive Party in December 2011. The Unified Progressive Party controlled 13 seats in the National Assembly after the 19th legislative general election held on April 11, 2012. On October 21, 2012, seven members of the National Assembly, previously belonging to the United Progressive Party, and their supporters formed a new party, the Progressive Justice Party, which changed its name to the Justice Party in July 2013.

The Financial System

Structure of the Financial Sector

The Republic’s financial sector includes the following categories of financial institutions:

 

   

The Bank of Korea;

 

   

banking institutions;

 

   

non-bank financial institutions; and

 

   

other financial entities, including:

 

   

financial investment companies;

 

   

credit guarantee institutions;

 

   

venture capital companies; and

 

   

miscellaneous others.

To increase transparency in financial transactions and enhance the integrity and efficiency of the financial markets, Korean law requires that financial institutions confirm that their clients use their real names when transacting business. To ease the liquidity crisis, the Government altered the real-name financial transactions system during 1998, to allow the sale or deposit of foreign currencies through domestic financial institutions and

 

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the purchase of certain bonds, including Government bonds, without identification. The Government also strengthened confidentiality protection for private financial transactions.

In July 2007, the Korean National Assembly passed the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act or FSCMA, under which various industry-based capital markets regulatory systems currently were consolidated into a single regulatory system. The FSCMA, which became effective in February 2009, expands the scope of permitted investment-related financial products and activities through expansive definitions of financial instruments and function-based regulations that allow financial investment companies to offer a wider range of financial services, as well as strengthening investor protection and disclosure requirements. The Enforcement Decree of the FSCMA classifies the financial investment companies into a total of 78 categories depending on the types of (i) financial investment services, (ii) financial investment products, and (iii) investors.

Prior to the effective date of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, separate laws regulated various types of financial institutions depending on the type of the financial institution (for example, securities companies, futures companies, trust business companies and asset management companies) and subjected financial institutions to different licensing and ongoing regulatory requirements (for example, under the Securities and Exchange Act, the Futures Business Act and the Indirect Investment Asset Management Business Act). By applying one uniform set of rules to financial businesses having the same economic function, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act attempts to improve and address issues caused by the previous regulatory system under which the same economic function relating to capital markets-related business were governed by multiple regulations. To this end, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act categorizes capital markets-related businesses into six different functions, as follows:

 

   

investment dealing (trading and underwriting of financial investment products);

 

   

investment brokerage (brokerage of financial investment products);

 

   

collective investment (establishment of collective investment schemes and the management thereof);

 

   

investment advice;

 

   

discretionary investment management; and

 

   

trusts (together with the five businesses set forth above, “Financial Investment Businesses”).

Accordingly, all financial businesses relating to financial investment products are reclassified as one or more of the Financial Investment Businesses described above, and financial institutions are subject to the regulations applicable to their relevant Financial Investment Businesses, irrespective of what type of financial institution it is. For example, under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, derivative businesses conducted by securities companies and future companies will be subject to the same regulations under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, at least in principle.

The banking business and the insurance business are not subject to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and will continue to be regulated under separate laws; provided, however, that they are subject to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act if their activities involve any Financial Investment Businesses requiring a license based on the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act.

Banking Industry

The banking industry comprises commercial banks and specialized banks. Commercial banks serve the general public and corporate sectors. They include nationwide banks, regional banks and branches of foreign banks. Regional banks provide services similar to nationwide banks, but operate in a geographically restricted region. Branches of foreign banks have operated in the Republic since 1967 but provide a relatively small proportion of the country’s banking services. As of December 31, 2013, commercial banks consisted of seven nationwide banks, all of which have branch networks throughout the Republic, six regional banks and 55

 

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branches of 39 foreign banks operating in the country. Nationwide and regional banks had, in the aggregate, 5,616 domestic branches and offices, 49 overseas branches, 21 overseas representative offices and 31 overseas subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013.

Specialized banks meet the needs of specific sectors of the economy in accordance with Government policy; they are organized under, or chartered by, special laws. Specialized banks include:

 

   

The Korea Development Bank;

 

   

The Export-Import Bank of Korea;

 

   

The Industrial Bank of Korea;

 

   

National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives; and

 

   

NH Bank (which was established by a spin-off of the credit and banking unit from the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in March 2012).

The economic difficulties in 1997 and 1998 caused an increase in Korean banks’ non-performing assets and a decline in capital adequacy ratios of Korean banks. From 1998 through 2002, the Financial Services Commission amended banking regulations several times to adopt more stringent criteria for non-performing assets that more closely followed international standards. Non-performing assets are assets classified as doubtful or estimated loss under Korean banking regulations.

The following table sets out the total loans (including loans in Won and loans in foreign currencies) and non-performing assets of Korean banks.

 

     Total Loans      Non-Performing
Assets
     Percentage
of Total
 
     (trillions of won)      (percentage)  

December 31, 2009

     1,285.8         10.4         0.8   

December 31, 2010

     1,308.9         24.8         1.9   

December 31, 2011

     1,387.6         18.8         1.4   

December 31, 2012

     1,390.9         18.3         1.3   

December 31, 2013

     1,441.6         25.5         1.8   

 

Source: Financial Supervisory Service.

As of December 31, 2012, loans denominated in Won held by these banks increased by 3.5% to ₩1,106.4 trillion from ₩1,068.5 trillion as of December 31, 2011, primarily due to (i) an increase in loans to large corporations by 19.9% to ₩156.7 trillion as of December 31, 2012 from ₩130.7 trillion as of December 31, 2011 and (ii) an increase in household loans by 2.7% to ₩464.5 trillion as of December 31, 2012 from ₩452.5 trillion as of December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2013, loans denominated in Won held by these banks increased by 5.1% to ₩1,162.8 trillion from ₩1,106.4 trillion as of December 31, 2012, primarily due to (i) an increase in loans to small and medium-enterprises by 6.0% to ₩489.0 trillion as of December 31, 2013 from ₩461.3 trillion as of December 31, 2012 and (ii) an increase in household loans by 3.1% to ₩479.0 trillion as of December 31, 2013 from ₩464.5 trillion as of December 31, 2012.

In 2009, these banks posted an aggregate net profit of ₩6.9 trillion, compared to an aggregate net profit of ₩7.7 trillion in 2008, primarily due to increased non-performing loans. In 2010, these banks posted an aggregate net profit of ₩9.3 trillion, primarily due to increased net interest income. In 2011, these banks posted an aggregate net profit of ₩11.8 trillion, primarily due to decreased non-performing loans. In 2012, these banks posted an aggregate net profit of ₩8.7 trillion, primarily due to a decrease in gain on sale of equity securities and an increase in impairment loss on available-for-sale securities. Based on preliminary data, in 2013, these banks posted an aggregate net profit of ₩4.0 trillion, primarily due to decreased net interest income and increased loan loss provisions.

 

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Non-Bank Financial Institutions

Non-bank financial institutions include:

 

   

savings institutions, including trust accounts of banks, mutual savings banks, credit unions, mutual credit facilities, community credit cooperatives and postal savings;

 

   

life insurance institutions; and

 

   

credit card companies.

The country had 89 mutual savings banks as of December 31, 2013, with assets totaling ₩39.0 trillion.

As of December 31, 2013, 14 domestic life insurance institutions, two joint venture life insurance institutions and nine wholly-owned subsidiaries of foreign life insurance companies, with assets totaling approximately ₩597.3 trillion as of December 31, 2013, were operating in the Republic.

As of December 31, 2013, eight credit card companies operated in the country with loans totaling approximately ₩86.5 trillion.

Money Markets

In the Republic, the money markets consist of the call market and markets for a wide range of other short- term financial instruments, including treasury bills, monetary stabilization bonds, negotiable certificates of deposits, repurchase agreements and commercial paper.

Securities Markets

On January 27, 2005, the Korea Exchange was established pursuant to the now repealed Korea Securities and Futures Exchange Act by consolidating the Korea Stock Exchange, the Korea Futures Exchange, the KOSDAQ Stock Market, Inc., or the KOSDAQ, and the KOSDAQ Committee of the Korea Securities Dealers Association, which had formerly managed the KOSDAQ. There are three different markets operated by the Korea Exchange: the KRX KOSPI Market, the KRX KOSDAQ Market, and the KRX Derivatives Market. The Korea Exchange has two trading floors located in Seoul, one for the KRX KOSPI Market and one for the KRX KOSDAQ Market, and one trading floor in Busan for the KRX Derivatives Market. The Korea Exchange is a joint stock company with limited liability, the shares of which are held by (i) financial investment companies that were formerly members of the Korea Futures Exchange or the Korea Stock Exchange and (ii) the stockholders of the KOSDAQ. Currently, the Korea Exchange is the only stock exchange in Korea and is operated by membership, having as its members Korean financial investment companies and some Korean branches of foreign financial investment companies.

The Korea Exchange publishes the Korea Composite Stock Price Index every ten seconds, which is an index of all equity securities listed on the Korea Exchange. The Korea Composite Stock Price Index is computed using the aggregate value method, whereby the market capitalizations of all listed companies are aggregated, subject to certain adjustments, and this aggregate is expressed as a percentage of the aggregate market capitalization of all listed companies as of the base date, January 4, 1980.

 

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The following table shows the value of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index as of the dates indicated:

 

December 31, 2008

     1,124.5   

January 30, 2009

     1,162.1   

February 27, 2009

     1,063.0   

March 31, 2009

     1,206.3   

April 30, 2009

     1,369.4   

May 29, 2009

     1,395.9   

June 30, 2009

     1,390.1   

July 31, 2009

     1,557.3   

August 31, 2009

     1,591.9   

September 30, 2009

     1,673.1   

October 31, 2009

     1,580.7   

November 30, 2009

     1,555.6   

December 31, 2009

     1,682.8   

January 29, 2010

     1,602.4   

February 26, 2010

     1,594.6   

March 31, 2010

     1,692.9   

April 30, 2010

     1,741.6   

May 31, 2010

     1,641.3   

June 30, 2010

     1,698.3   

July 30, 2010

     1,759.3   

August 31, 2010

     1,742.8   

September 30, 2010

     1,872.8   

October 29, 2010

     1,883.0   

November 30, 2010

     1,904.6   

December 31, 2010

     2,051.0   

January 31, 2011

     2,069.7   

February 28, 2011

     1,939.3   

March 31, 2011

     2,106.7   

April 30, 2011

     2,192.4   

May 29, 2011

     2,142.5   

June 30, 2011

     2,100.7   

July 31, 2011

     2,133.2   

August 31, 2011

     1,880.1   

September 30, 2011

     1,769.7   

October 31, 2011

     1,909.0   

November 30, 2011

     1,847.5   

December 31, 2011

     1,825.7   

January 31, 2012

     1,955.8   

February 29, 2012

     2,030.3   

March 31, 2012

     2,014.0   

April 30, 2012

     1,982.0   

May 31, 2012

     1,843.5   

June 29, 2012

     1,854.0   

July 31, 2012

     1,882.0   

August 31, 2012

     1,905.1   

September 28, 2012

     1,996.2   

October 31, 2012

     1,912.1   

November 30, 2012

     1,932.9   

 

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December 31, 2012

     1,997.1   

January 31, 2013

     1,961.9   

February 28, 2013

     2,026.5   

March 29, 2013

     2,004.9   

April 30, 2013

     1,964.0   

May 30, 2013

     2,001.1   

June 28, 2013

     1,863.3   

July 31, 2013

     1,914.0   

August 30, 2013

     1,926.4   

September 30, 2013

     1,997.0   

October 31, 2013

     2,030.1   

November 29, 2013

     2,044.9   

December 31, 2013

     2,011.3   

January 29, 2014

     1,941.2   

February 28, 2014

     1,980.0   

March 31, 2014

     1,985.6   

April 30, 2014

     1,961.8   

May 30, 2014

     1,995.0   

June 30, 2014

     2,002.2   

On December 27, 1997, the last day of trading in 1997, the index stood at 376.3, a sharp decline from 647.1 on September 30, 1997. The fall resulted from growing concerns about the Republic’s weakening financial and corporate sectors, the Republic’s falling foreign currency reserves, the sharp depreciation of the Won against the U.S. Dollar and other external factors, such as a sharp decline in stock prices in Hong Kong on October 24, 1997 and financial turmoil in Southeast Asian countries. The Korea Composite Stock Price Index recovered to reach 2,064.9 in late 2007 but since then the index declined. As liquidity and credit concerns and volatility in the global financial markets increased significantly since September 2008, there was a significant overall decline in the stock prices of Korean companies during the fourth quarter of 2008 and first half of 2009 and continuing volatility since then. The index was 2,048.8 on July 28, 2014.

Supervision System

The Office of Bank Supervision, the Securities Supervisory Board, the Insurance Supervisory Board and all other financial sector regulatory bodies merged in January 1999 to form the Financial Services Commission. The Financial Services Commission acts as the executive body over the Financial Supervisory Service. The Financial Services Commission reports to, but operates independently of, the Prime Minister’s office.

The Ministry of Strategy and Finance focuses on financial policy and foreign currency regulations. The Bank of Korea manages monetary policy focusing on price stabilization.

Deposit Insurance System

The Republic’s deposit insurance system insures amounts on deposit with banks, non-bank financial institutions, securities companies and life insurance companies.

Since January 2001, deposits at any single financial institution are insured only up to ₩50 million per person regardless of the amount deposited.

The Government excluded certain deposits, such as repurchase agreements, from the insurance scheme, expanded the definition of unsound financial institutions to which the insurance scheme would apply and gradually increased the insurance premiums payable by insured financial institutions.

 

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Monetary Policy

The Bank of Korea

The Bank of Korea was established in 1950 as Korea’s central bank and the country’s sole currency issuing bank. A seven-member Monetary Policy Committee, chaired by the Governor of The Bank of Korea, formulates and controls monetary and credit policies.

Inflation targeting is the basic system of operation for Korean monetary policy. The consumer price index is used as The Bank of Korea’s target indicator. To achieve its established inflation target, the Monetary Policy Committee of The Bank of Korea determines and announces the “Bank of Korea Base Rate,” the reference rate applied in transactions such as repurchase agreements between The Bank of Korea and its financial institution counterparts. The Bank of Korea uses open market operations as its primary instrument to keep the call rate in line with the Monetary Policy Committee’s target rate. In addition, The Bank of Korea is able to establish policies regarding its lending to banks in Korea and their reserve requirements.

Interest Rates

On July 12, 2007, The Bank of Korea raised the policy rate to 4.75% from 4.5%, and raised it further to 5.0% on August 9, 2007. The rationale for this change was the concern that the ample market liquidity might put upside pressure on inflation in the medium to long term as the economic upswing continued. On August 7, 2008, The Bank of Korea raised the policy rate to 5.25% from 5.0%, taking the view that inflation in consumer prices had picked up its pace, due to the direct and indirect effects of high oil prices, at a time when domestic economic activity had slackened. On October 9, 2008, The Bank of Korea cut its policy rate to 5.0% from 5.25%, and continued to lower it further to 4.25% on October 27, 2008, 4.0% on November 7, 2008, 3.0% on December 11, 2008, 2.5% on January 9, 2009 and 2.0% on February 12, 2009, in order to address financial market instability and to help combat the slowdown of the domestic economy. On July 9, 2010, The Bank of Korea raised the policy rate to 2.25% from 2.0%, which was further raised to 2.5% on November 16, 2010, in response to signs of inflationary pressures and the continued growth of domestic economy. On January 13, 2011, The Bank of Korea raised the policy rate to 2.75%, which was further increased to 3.0% on March 10, 2011 and to 3.25% on June 10, 2011, in response to inflationary pressures driven mainly by rises in the prices of petroleum products and farm products. The Bank of Korea lowered its policy rate to 3.0% from 3.25% on July 12, 2012, which was further lowered to 2.75% on October 11, 2012 and to 2.5% on May 9, 2013, in order to address the sluggishness of the global and domestic economy. The Bank of Korea’s policy rate remained at 2.5% as of the date of this prospectus.

With the deregulation of interest rates on banks’ demand deposits on February 2, 2004, The Bank of Korea completed the interest rate deregulation based upon the “Four-Stage Interest Rate Liberalization Plan” announced in 1991. The prohibition on the payment of interest on ordinary checking accounts was, however, maintained.

Money Supply

The following table shows the volume of the Republic’s money supply:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2010     2011     2012     2013  
     (billions of Won)  

Money Supply (M1)(1)

     389,394.5        427,791.6        442,077.5        470,010.6        515,643.4   

Quasi-money(2)

     1,177,455.5        1,232,738.4        1,309,380.9        1,365,631.0        1,405,151.6   

Money Supply (M2)(3)

     1,566,850.0        1,660,530.0        1,751,458.4        1,835,641.6        1,920,795.0   

Percentage Increase Over Previous Year

     9.9     6.0     5.5     4.8     4.6

 

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(1) Consists of currency in circulation and demand and instant access savings deposits at financial institutions.
(2) Includes time and installment savings deposits, marketable instruments, yield-based dividend instruments and financial debentures, excluding financial instruments with a maturity of more than two years.
(3) Money Supply (M2) is the sum of Money Supply (M1) and quasi-money.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

Exchange Controls

Authorized foreign exchange banks, as registered with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, handle foreign exchange transactions. The ministry has designated other types of financial institutions to handle foreign exchange transactions on a limited basis.

Korean laws and regulations generally require a report to either the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, The Bank of Korea or authorized foreign exchange banks, as applicable, for issuances of international bonds and other instruments, overseas investments and certain other transactions involving foreign exchange payments.

In 1994 and 1995, the Government relaxed regulations of foreign exchange position ceilings and foreign exchange transaction documentation and created free Won accounts which may be opened by non-residents at Korean foreign exchange banks. The Won funds deposited into the free Won accounts may be converted into foreign currencies and remitted outside Korea without any governmental approval. In December 1996, after joining the OECD, the Republic freed the repatriation of investment funds, dividends and profits, as well as loan repayments and interest payments. The Government continues to reduce exchange controls in response to changes in the world economy, including the new trade regime under the WTO, anticipating that such foreign exchange reform will improve the Republic’s competitiveness and encourage strategic alliances between domestic and foreign entities.

In September 1998, the National Assembly passed the Foreign Exchange Transactions Act, which became effective in April 1999 and has subsequently been amended numerous times. In principle, most currency and capital transactions, including, among others, the following transactions, have been liberalized:

 

   

the investment in real property located overseas by Korean companies and financial institutions;

 

   

the establishment of overseas branches and subsidiaries by Korean companies and financial institutions;

 

   

the investment by non-residents in deposits and trust products having more than one year maturities; and

 

   

the issuance of debentures by non-residents in the Korean market.

To minimize the adverse effects from further opening of the Korean capital markets, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance is authorized to introduce a variable deposit requirement system to restrict the influx of short-term speculative funds.

The Government has also embarked on a second set of liberalization initiatives starting in January 2001, under which ceilings on international payments for Korean residents have been eliminated, including overseas travel expenses, overseas inheritance remittances and emigration expenses. Overseas deposits, trusts, acquisitions of foreign securities and other foreign capital transactions made by residents and the making of deposits in Korean currency by non-residents have also been liberalized. In line with the foregoing liberalization, measures will also be adopted to curb illegal foreign exchange transactions and to stabilize the foreign exchange market.

 

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Effective as of January 1, 2006, the Government liberalized the regulations governing “capital transactions.” The regulations provide that no regulatory approvals are required for any capital transactions. The capital transactions previously subject to approval requirements are now subject only to reporting requirements.

In January 2010, the Financial Supervisory Services released FX Derivative Transactions Risk Management Guideline to prevent over-hedging of foreign exchange risk by corporate investors. According to the guideline as amended in July 2010, if a corporate investor, other than a financial institution or a public enterprise, wishes to enter into a foreign exchange forward, option or swap agreement with a bank, the bank is required to verify whether the corporate investor’s assets, liabilities or contracts face foreign exchange risks that could be mitigated by a foreign exchange forward, option or swap agreement. In addition, the bank is required to ensure that the corporate investor’s risk hedge ratio, which is the ratio of the aggregate notional amount to the aggregate amount of risk, does not exceed 100%.

Foreign Exchange

The following table shows the exchange rate between the Won and the U.S. Dollar (in Won per U.S. Dollar) as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. as of the dates indicated:

 

     Won/U.S. Dollar
Exchange Rate
 

December 31, 2008

     1,257.5   

January 31, 2009

     1,368.5   

February 27, 2009

     1,516.4   

March 31, 2009

     1,377.1   

April 30, 2009

     1,348.0   

May 29, 2009

     1,272.9   

June 30, 2009

     1,284.7   

July 31, 2009

     1,240.5   

August 31, 2009

     1,244.9   

September 30, 2009

     1,188.7   

October 31, 2009

     1,200.6   

November 30, 2009

     1,167.4   

December 31, 2009

     1,167.6   

January 29, 2010

     1,156.5   

February 26, 2010

     1,158.4   

March 31, 2010

     1,130.8   

April 30, 2010

     1,115.5   

May 31, 2010

     1,200.2   

June 30, 2010

     1,210.3   

July 30, 2010

     1,187.2   

August 31, 2010

     1,189.1   

September 30, 2010

     1,142.0   

October 29, 2010

     1,126.6   

November 30, 2010

     1,157.3   

December 31, 2010

     1,138.9   

January 31, 2011

     1,114.3   

February 28, 2011

     1,127.9   

March 31, 2011

     1,107.2   

April 30, 2011

     1,072.3   

May 31, 2011

     1,080.6   

June 30, 2011

     1,078.1   

July 30, 2011

     1,052.6   

August 31, 2011

     1,071.7   

September 30, 2011

     1,179.5   

October 31, 2011

     1,104.9   

November 30, 2011

     1,150.3   

 

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     Won/U.S. Dollar
Exchange Rate
 

December 31, 2011

     1,153.3   

January 31, 2012

     1,125.0   

February 29, 2012

     1,126.5   

March 31, 2012

     1,137.8   

April 30, 2012

     1,134.2   

May 31, 2012

     1,177.8   

June 29, 2012

     1,153.8   

July 31, 2012

     1,136.2   

August 31, 2012

     1,134.6   

September 28, 2012

     1,118.6   

October 31, 2012

     1,094.1   

November 30, 2012

     1,084.7   

December 31, 2012

     1,071.1   

January 31, 2013

     1,082.7   

February 28, 2013

     1,085.4   

March 29, 2013

     1,112.1   

April 30, 2013

     1,108.1   

May 30, 2013

     1,128.3   

June 28, 2013

     1,149.7   

July 31, 2013

     1,113.6   

August 31, 2013

     1,110.9   

September 30, 2013

     1,075.6   

October 31, 2013

     1,061.4   

November 29, 2013

     1,062.1   

December 31, 2013

     1,055.3   

January 29, 2014

     1,079.2   

February 28, 2014

     1,067.7   

March 31, 2014

     1,068.8   

April 30, 2014

     1,031.7   

May 30, 2014

     1,021.6   

June 30, 2014

     1,014.4   

Prior to November 1997, the Government had permitted exchange rates to float within a daily range of 2.25%. In response to the substantial downward pressures on the Won caused by the Republic’s economic difficulties in late 1997, in November 1997, the Government expanded the range of permitted daily exchange rate fluctuations to 10%. The Government eliminated the daily exchange rate band in December 1997, and the Won now floats according to market forces. The value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar depreciated from ₩888.1 to US$1.00 on June 30, 1997 to ₩1,964.8 to US$1.00 on December 24, 1997. Due to improved economic conditions and increases in trade surplus, the Won has generally appreciated against the U.S. dollar, although the trend reversed in March 2008. During the period from January 2, 2008 through April 16, 2009, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar declined by approximately 29.9%, due primarily to adverse economic conditions resulting from liquidity and credit concerns and volatility in the global credit and financial markets and repatriations by foreign investors of their investments in the Korean stock market. The market average exchange rate was ₩1,029.4 to US$1.00 on July 28, 2014.

Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade

Balance of Payments

Balance of payments figures measure the relative flow of goods, services and capital into and out of the country as represented in the current balance and the capital balance. The current balance tracks a country’s trade in goods and services and transfer payments and measures whether a country is living within its income from trading and investments. The capital balance covers all transactions involving the transfer of capital into and out

 

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of the country, including loans and investments. The overall balance represents the sum of the current and capital balances. An overall balance surplus indicates a net inflow of foreign currencies, thereby increasing demand for and strengthening the local currency. An overall balance deficit indicates a net outflow of foreign currencies, thereby decreasing demand for and weakening the local currency. The financial account mirrors the overall balance. If the overall balance is positive, the surplus, which represents the nation’s savings, finances the overall deficit of the country’s trading partners. Accordingly, the financial account will indicate cash outflows equal to the overall surplus. If, however, the overall balance is negative, the nation has an international deficit which must be financed. Accordingly, the financial account will indicate cash inflows equal to the overall deficit.

The following table sets out certain information with respect to the Republic’s balance of payments:

Balance of Payments(1)

 

Classification

   2009     2010     2011     2012     2013(4)  
     (millions of dollars)  

Current Account

     33,593.3        28,850.4        18,655.8        50,835.0        79,883.6   

Goods

     47,814.0        47,915.4        29,089.9        49,406.0        80,568.6   

Exports(2)

     363,900.9        463,769.6        587,099.7        603,509.2        617,127.6   

Imports(2)

     316,086.9        415,854.2        558,009.8        554,103.2        536,559.0   

Services

     (9,589.9     (14,238.4     (12,279.1     (5,213.6     (7,927.4

Income

     (2,436.2     489.9        6,560.6        12,116.7        11,424.8   

Current Transfers

     (2,194.6     (5,316.5     (4,715.6     (5,474.1     (4,182.3

Capital and Financial Account

     (28,953.6     (23,253.2     (24,427.8     (51,624.1     (76,908.9

Capital Account

     (69.6     (63.2     (112.0     (41.7     (27.8

Financial Account(3)

     (28,884.0     (23,190.0     (24,315.8     (51,582.4     (76,881.1

Net Errors and Omissions

     (4,639.7     (5,597.2     5,772.0        789.1        (2,974.7

 

(1) Figures are prepared based on the sixth edition of Balance of Payment Manual, or BPM6, published by International Monetary Fund in December 2010 and implemented by the Government in December 2013.
(2) These entries are derived from trade statistics and are valued on a free on board basis, meaning that the insurance and freight costs are not included.
(3) Includes borrowings from the IMF, syndicated bank loans and short-term borrowings.
(4) Preliminary.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

The Republic recorded a current account surplus of approximately US$50.8 billion in 2012. The current account surplus in 2012 increased from US$18.7 billion in 2011, primarily due to (i) an increase in surplus from the goods account and (ii) a decrease in deficit from the services account.

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a current account surplus of approximately US$79.9 billion in 2013. The current account surplus in 2013 increased from the current account surplus of US$50.8 billion in 2012, primarily due to an increase in surplus from the goods account.

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a current account surplus of approximately US$15.1 billion in the first quarter of 2014. The current account surplus in the first quarter of 2014 increased from the current account surplus of US$10.5 billion in the first quarter of 2013, primarily due to an increase in surplus from the goods account.

Foreign Direct Investment

Since 1960, the Government has adopted a broad range of related laws, administrative rules and regulations, providing a framework for the conduct and regulation of foreign investment activities. In September 1998, the

 

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Government promulgated the Foreign Investment Promotion Act, or the FIPA, which replaced previous foreign direct investment related laws, rules and regulations, to promote inbound foreign investments by providing incentives to, and facilitating investment activities in the Republic by, foreign nationals. The FIPA prescribes, among others, procedural requirements for inbound foreign investments, incentives for foreign investments such as tax reductions, and requirements relating to designation and development of foreign investment target regions. The Government believes that providing a stable and receptive environment for foreign direct investment will accelerate the inflow of foreign capital, technology and management techniques.

The following table sets forth information regarding annual foreign direct investment in the Republic for the periods indicated.

Foreign Direct Investment

 

     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
     (billions of dollars)  

Contracted and Reported Investment

              

Greenfield Investment(1)

     8.1         11.1         11.7         12.5         9.6   

Merger & Acquisition

     3.4         2.0         2.0         3.8         5.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     11.5         13.1         13.7         16.3         14.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Actual Investment

     6.8         5.4         6.6         10.7         9.7   

 

(1) Includes building new factories and operational facilities.

Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

In 2013, the contracted and reported amount of foreign direct investment in the Republic decreased to US$14.6 billion from US$16.3 billion in 2012, primarily due to a decrease in foreign investment in the manufacturing sector to US$4.6 billion in 2013 from US$6.1 billion in 2012.

 

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The following table sets forth information regarding the source of foreign direct investment by region and country for the periods indicated:

Foreign Direct Investment by Region and Country

 

     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
     (billions of dollars)  

North America

           

U.S.A.

     1.5         2.0         2.4         3.7         3.5   

Others

     0.7         0.7         1.3         0.7         1.1   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     2.2         2.7         3.7         4.4         4.6   

Asia

              

Japan

     1.9         2.1         2.3         4.5         2.7   

Hong Kong

     0.8         0.1         0.6         1.7         1.0   

Singapore

     0.4         0.8         0.6         1.4         0.4   

China

     0.2         0.4         0.7         0.7         0.5   

Others

     0.4         3.5         0.2         0.5         0.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     3.7         6.9         4.4         8.8         5.0   

European Union

              

England

     2.0         0.6         0.9         0.4         0.1   

Netherlands

     1.9         1.2         1.0         0.6         0.6   

Germany

     0.6         0.3         1.5         0.4         0.4   

France

     0.1         0.2         0.2         0.2         0.5   

Luxembourg

     0.0         0.1         0.1         0.2         0.7   

Others

     0.8         0.9         1.7         1.2         2.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     5.4         3.3         5.4         3.0         4.9   

Others regions and countries

     0.2         0.2         0.2         0.1         0.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     11.5         13.1         13.7         16.3         14.5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

Trade Balance

Trade balance figures measure the difference between a country’s exports and imports. If exports exceed imports the country has a trade balance surplus while if imports exceed exports the country has a deficit. A deficit, indicating that a country’s receipts from abroad fall short of its payments to foreigners, must be financed, rendering the country a debtor nation. A surplus, indicating that a country’s receipts exceed its payments to foreigners, allows the country to finance its trading partners’ net deficit to the extent of the surplus, rendering the country a creditor nation.

The following table summarizes the Republic’s trade balance for the periods indicated:

Trade Balance

 

     Exports(1)      As %
of
GDP(2)
    Imports(3)      As %
of
GDP(2)
    Balance of
Trade
     Exports as %
of Imports
 
     (billions of dollars, except percentages)  

2009

     363.5         39.1     323.1         34.7     40.4         112.5   

2010

     466.4         42.6     425.2         38.9     41.2         109.6   

2011

     555.2         46.9     524.4         44.3     30.8         105.8   

2012

     547.9         46.0     519.6         43.6     28.3         105.4   

2013(4)

     559.7         44.4     515.6         40.9     44.1         108.5   

 

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(1) These entries are derived from customs clearance statistics on a C.I.F. basis, meaning that the price of goods include insurance and freight cost.
(2) At chained 2010 year prices.
(3) These entries are derived from customs clearance statistics on a C.I.F. basis, meaning that the price of goods include insurance and freight cost.
(4) Preliminary.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

The Republic, due to its lack of natural resources, relies on extensive trading activity for growth. The country meets virtually all domestic requirements for petroleum, wood and rubber with imports, as well as much of its coal and iron needs. Exports consistently represent a high percentage of GDP and, accordingly, the international economic environment is of crucial importance to the Republic’s economy.

The following tables give information regarding the Republic’s exports and imports by major commodity groups:

Exports by Major Commodity Groups (C.I.F.)(1)

 

    2009     As %  of
2009

Total
    2010     As % of
2010
Total
    2011     As % of
2011
Total
    2012     As % of
2012
Total
    2013(2)     As %  of
2013
Total(2)
 
    (billions of dollars, except percentages)  

Foods & Consumer Goods

    4.3        1.2        5.3        1.2        6.5        1.2        6.8        1.2        6.7        1.1   

Raw Materials and Fuels

    27.9        7.7        38.5        8.3        61.7        11.1        65.4        11.9        61.2        10.9   

Petroleum & Derivatives

    23.2        6.4        31.9        6.8        52.0        9.4        56.6        10.3        53.2        9.5   

Light Industrial Products

    27.5        7.6        32.7        7.0        38.9        7.0        40.5        7.4        39.0        6.9   

Heavy & Chemical Industrial Products

    303.9        83.6        389.9        83.6        448.0        80.7        435.2        79.3        435.2        77.8   

Electronic & Electronic Products

    121.2        33.3        154.2        33.1        156.9        28.3        156.0        28.5        171.2        30.6   

Chemicals & Chemical Products

    36.6        10.1        47.5        10.2        59.1        10.6        59.6        10.9        64.4        11.5   

Metal Goods

    29.9        8.2        37.7        8.1        48.6        8.8        47.2        8.6        43.6        7.8   

Machinery & Precision Equipment

    32.8        9.0        44.0        9.4        54.5        9.8        55.7        10.2        55.3        9.9   

Passenger Cars

    22.4        6.2        31.8        6.8        40.9        7.4        42.4        7.7        44.3        7.9   

Ship & Boat

    42.8        11.8        47.1        10.1        54.6        9.8        38.2        7.0        36.2        6.5   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    363.5        100.0        466.4        100.0        555.2        100.0        547.9        100.0        559.7        100.0   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) These entries are derived from customs clearance statistics. C.I.F. means that the price of goods includes insurance and freight costs.
(2) Preliminary

Source: The Bank of Korea.

 

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Imports by Major Commodity Groups (C.I.F.)(1)

 

    2009     As % of
2009
Total
    2010     As % of
2010
Total
    2011     As % of
2011
Total
    2012     As % of
2012
Total
    2013(2)     As %  of
2013
Total(2)
 
    (billions of dollars, except percentages)  

Industrial Materials and Fuels

    184.4        57.1        247.2        58.1        324.8        61.9        325.1        62.6        313.8        60.9   

Crude Petroleum

    50.8        15.7        68.7        16.2        100.8        19.2        108.3        20.8        99.4        19.3   

Mineral

    13.7        4.2        21.4        5.0        31.1        5.9        28.3        5.4        24.7        4.8   

Chemicals

    28.7        8.9        37.7        8.9        44.2        8.4        43.8        8.4        43.2        8.4   

Iron & Steel Products

    21.6        6.7        27.3        6.4        30.4        5.8        26.4        5.1        24.6        4.8   

Non-ferrous Metal

    9.1        2.8        12.6        3.0        15.1        2.9        12.6        2.4        12.5        2.4   

Capital Goods

    104.5        32.4        135.7        31.9        146.5        27.9        140.3        27.0        144.2        28.0   

Machinery & Precision Equipment

    33.6        10.4        47.7        11.2        50.5        9.6        49.8        9.6        50.1        9.7   

Electric & Electronic Machines

    59.8        18.5        73.3        17.2        80.1        15.3        76.3        14.7        80.9        15.7   

Transport Equipment

    9.5        3.0        12.9        3.0        13.9        2.7        12.1        2.3        11.3        2.2   

Consumer Goods

    34.1        10.6        42.3        9.9        53.1        10.1        54.2        10.4        58.2        11.3   

Cereals

    5.3        1.6        5.9        1.4        7.5        1.4        7.9        1.5        8.5        1.6   

Goods for Direct Consumption

    8.9        2.7        11.0        2.6        15.0        2.9        14.3        2.8        14.5        2.8   

Consumer Durable Goods

    12.9        4.0        16.2        3.8        18.6        3.5        19.4        3.7        21.0        4.1   

Consumer Nondurable Goods

    7.1        2.2        9.2        2.2        12.1        2.3        12.6        2.4        14.3        2.8   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    323.1        100.0        425.2        100.0        524.4        100.0        519.6        100.0        515.6        100.0   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) These entries are derived from customs clearance statistics. C.I.F. means that the price of goods includes insurance and freight costs.
(2) Preliminary

In 2009, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$40.4 billion. Exports decreased by 13.9% to US$363.5 billion in 2009 from US$422.0 billion in 2008, primarily due to an increase in international trade and production as a result of the global financial crisis. Imports decreased by 25.8% to US$323.1 billion in 2009 from US$435.3 billion in 2008, primarily due to decreases in oil and raw material prices and domestic consumption.

In 2010, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$41.2 billion. Exports increased by 28.3% to US$466.4 billion in 2010 from US$363.5 billion in 2009, primarily due to increased demand for electronics products and automobiles from China and the emerging markets. Imports increased by 31.6% to US$425.2 billion from US$323.1 billion in 2009, primarily due to increases in domestic consumption and oil and raw material prices.

In 2011, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$30.8 billion. Exports increased by 19.0% to US$555.2 billion in 2011 from US$466.4 billion in 2010, primarily due to increased demand for mobile phones, consumer electronics products and automobiles from China and the emerging markets. Imports increased by 23.3% to US$524.4 billion in 2011 from US$425.2 billion in 2010, primarily due to an increase in oil and raw material prices.

In 2012, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$28.3 billion. Exports decreased by 1.3% to US$547.9 billion in 2012 from US$555.2 billion in 2011, primarily due to adverse economic conditions in European countries. Imports decreased by 0.9% to US$519.6 billion in 2012 from US$524.4 billion in 2011, primarily due to decreased investment spending.

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$44.1 billion in 2013. Exports increased by 2.1% to US$559.7 billion in 2013 from US$547.9 billion in 2012, primarily due to increased demand for wireless communication devices, semiconductors and other information technology related products

 

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from the United States, China and the Southeast Asian nations. Imports decreased by 0.8% to US$515.6 billion in 2013 from US$519.6 billion in 2012, primarily due to decreased imports of oil, iron and steel.

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$5.2 billion in the first quarter of 2014. Exports increased by 1.7% to US$137.6 billion in the first quarter of 2014 from US$135.3 billion in the corresponding period of 2013, primarily due to increased demand for semiconductors, automobiles, iron and steel from the United States, the EU and the Southeast Asian nations. Imports increased by 2.1% to US$132.4 billion in the first quarter of 2014 from US$129.7 billion in the corresponding period of 2013, primarily due to increased demand for oil, gas and agricultural goods.

The following table sets forth the Republic’s exports trading partners:

Exports

 

    2009     As % of
2009
Total
    2010     As % of
2010
Total
    2011     As % of
2011
Total
    2012     As % of
2012
Total
    2013(1)     As % of
2013
Total(1)
 
    (millions of dollars, except percentages)  

China

    86,703.2        23.9        116,837.8        25.1        134,185.0        24.2        134,322.6        24.5        145,869.5        26.1   

United States

    37,649.9        10.4        49,816.1        10.7        56,207.7        10.1        58,524.6        10.7        62,052.5        11.1   

Japan

    21,770.8        6.0        28,176.3        6.0        39,679.7        7.1        38,796.1        7.1        34,662.3        6.2   

Hong Kong

    19,661.1        5.4        25,294.3        5.4        30,968.4        5.6        32,606.2        6.0        27,756.3        5.0   

Singapore

    13,617.0        3.7        15,244.2        3.3        20,839.0        3.8        22,887.9        4.2        22,289.0        4.0   

Taiwan

    9,501.1        2.6        14,830.5        3.2        18,206.0        3.3        14,814.9        2.7        15,699.1        2.8   

Germany

    8,820.9        2.4        10,702.2        2.3        9,500.9        1.7        7,509.7        1.4        7,907.9        1.4   

India

    8,013.3        2.2        11,434.6        2.5        12,654.1        2.3        11,922.0        2.2        11,375.8        2.0   

Russia

    4,194.1        1.2        7,759.8        1.7        10,304.9        1.9        11,097.1        2.0        11,149.1        2.0   

Indonesia

    5,999.9        1.7        8,897.3        1.9        13,564.5        2.4        13,955.0        2.5        11,568.2        2.1   

Others(2)

    147,602.3        40.6        177,390.7        38.0        209,103.5        37.7        201,433.7        36.8        209,931.9        37.4   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    363,533.6        100.0        466,383.8        100.0        555,213.7        100.0        547,869.8        100.0        559,648.7        100.0   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Preliminary
(2) Includes more than 200 countries and regions with lower exports levels than those shown above.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

The following table sets forth the Republic’s imports trading partners:

Imports

 

    2009     As %  of
2009

Total
    2010     As %  of
2010

Total
    2011     As %  of
2011

Total
    2012     As %  of
2012

Total
    2013(1)     As % of
2013

Total(1)
 
    (millions of dollars, except percentages)  

China

    54,246.1        16.8        71,573.6        16.8        86,432.2        16.5        80,784.6        15.5        83,052.9        16.1   

Japan

    49,427.5        15.3        64,296.1        15.1        68,320.2        13.0        64,363.1        12.4        60,029.4        11.6   

United States

    29,039.5        9.0        40,402.7        9.5        44,569.0        8.5        43,341.0        8.3        41,511.9        8.1   

Saudi Arabia

    19,736.8        6.1        26,820.0        6.3        36,972.6        7.1        39,707.1        7.6        37,665.2        7.3   

Australia

    14,756.1        4.6        20,456.2        4.8        26,316.3        5.0        22,987.9        4.4        20,784.6        4.0   

Germany

    12,298.5        3.8        14,304.9        3.4        16,962.6        3.2        17,645.4        3.4        19,336.0        3.8   

Taiwan

    9,851.4        3.0        13,647.1        3.2        14,693.6        2.8        14,012.0        2.7        14,632.6        2.8   

United Arab Emirates

    9,310.0        2.9        12,170.1        2.9        14,759.4        2.8        15,115.3        2.9        18,122.9        3.5   

Indonesia

    9,264.1        2.9        13,985.8        3.3        17,216.4        3.3        15,676.3        3.0        13,190.0        2.6   

Malaysia

    7,574.1        2.3        9,531.0        2.2        10,467.8        2.0        9,796.4        1.9        11,095.8        2.2   

Others(2)

    107,580.4        33.3        138,024.7        32.5        187,703.0        35.8        196,155.4        37.8        196,164.3        38.0   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    323,084.5        100.0        425,212.2        100.0        524,413.1        100.0        519,584.5        100.0        515,585.5        100.0   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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(1) Preliminary
(2) Includes more than 200 countries and regions with lower imports levels than those shown above.

Source: The Bank of Korea.

In 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, and the avian influenza in Asia (including China) and other parts of the world increased uncertainty about prospects for international trade and economic growth for affected countries, as well as world economic prospects in general. The avian influenza carried by migrating wild birds spread to several Asian countries, Russia, Romania and Turkey. In response to these outbreaks of avian influenza, the Government issued an advisory on disease prevention as of October 14, 2005 and conducted special monitoring of poultry farms. In addition, the Government continued to cooperate with regional and international efforts to develop and implement additional measures to contain and prevent SARS, the avian influenza and other diseases. Another outbreak of SARS, the avian influenza or similar incidents in the future may have an adverse effect on Korean and world economies and on international trade.

In recent years, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen has fluctuated widely, and in recent months, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen has steadily appreciated. An appreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen increases the Won value of the Republic’s export sales and diminishes the price-competitiveness of export goods in foreign markets in U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen terms, respectively. However, it also decreases the cost of imported raw materials in Won terms and the cost in Won of servicing the Republic’s U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen denominated debt. In general, when the Won appreciates, export dependent sectors of the Korean economy, including automobiles, electronics and shipbuilding, suffer from the resulting pressure on the price-competitiveness of export goods, which may lead to reduced profit margins and loss in market share, more than offsetting a decrease in the cost of imported raw materials. If the Won continues to appreciate, the export dependent sectors of the Korean economy may suffer reduced profit margins or a net loss, which could result in a material adverse effect on the Korean economy.

Since the Government announced its plans to pursue free trade agreements, or FTAs, in 2003, the Republic has signed FTAs with key trading partners. The Republic has had bilateral FTAs in effect with Chile since 2004, Singapore since 2006, the European Union and Peru since 2011, the United States since 2012 and Turkey since 2013. The Republic has also signed bilateral FTAs with Columbia, Australia and Canada, which have yet to come into effect, and is currently in negotiations with a number of other key trading partners including Indonesia, China, Vietnam and New Zealand. In addition, the Republic has had regional FTAs in effect with the European Free Trade Association since 2006 and Association of Southeast Asian Nations since 2009.

Non-Commodities Trade Balance

The non-commodities trade deficit was US$14.2 billion in 2009, US$19.1 billion in 2010 and US$10.4 billion in 2011. The Republic had a non-commodities trade surplus of US$1.4 billion in 2012. Based on preliminary data, the Republic had a non-commodities trade deficit of US$0.7 billion in 2013.

 

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Foreign Currency Reserves

The foreign currency reserves are external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs and for other related purposes. The following table shows the Republic’s total official foreign currency reserves:

Total Official Reserves

 

     December 31,  
     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
     (millions of dollars)  

Gold(1)

   $ 79.0       $ 79.6       $ 2,166.6       $ 3,761.4       $ 4,794.5   

Foreign Exchange(2)

     265,202.3         286,926.4         298,232.9         316,897.7         335,647.5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Gold and Foreign Exchange

     265,281.3         287,006.0         300,399.5         320,659.1         340,442.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Reserve Position at IMF

     981.6         1,024.7         2,556.2         2,783.6         2,527.7   

Special Drawing Rights

     3,731.8         3,539.9         3,446.7         3,525.6         3,489.9   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Official Reserves

   $ 269,994.7       $ 291,570.7       $ 306,402.5       $ 326,968.4       $ 346,459.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) For this purpose, domestically-owned gold is valued at US$42.22 per troy ounce (31.1035 grams) and gold deposited overseas is calculated at cost of purchase.
(2) More than 95% of the Republic’s foreign currency reserves are comprised of convertible foreign currencies.

Source: The Bank of Korea; International Monetary Fund

The Government’s foreign currency reserves increased to US$262.2 billion as of December 31, 2007 from US$8.9 billion as of December 31, 1997, primarily due to continued balance of trade surpluses and capital inflows. In 2008, the Government’s foreign currency reserves decreased, falling to US$201.2 billion as of December 31, 2008, partially as a result of the Government’s use of the foreign currency reserve to provide foreign currency liquidity to Korean financial institutions. The Government’s foreign currency reserves increased to US$270.0 billion as of December 31, 2009, US$291.6 billion as of December 31, 2010, US$306.4 billion as of December 31, 2011, US$327.0 billion as of December 31, 2012 and US$346.5 billion as of December 31, 2013, primarily due to continued trade surpluses and capital inflows. The amount of the Government’s foreign currency reserve was US$366.6 billion as of June 30, 2014.

Government Finance

The Ministry of Strategy and Finance prepares the Government budget and administers the Government’s finances.

The Government’s fiscal year commences on January 1. The Government must submit the budget, which is drafted by the Minister of Strategy and Finance and approved by the President of the Republic, to the National Assembly not later than 90 days prior to the start of the fiscal year and may submit supplementary budgets revising the original budget at any time during the fiscal year.

2013 budgeted revenues increased by 4.6% to ₩326.9 trillion from ₩312.5 trillion in 2012, led by an increase in budgeted tax revenues (including revenues from income tax and transaction tax on derivatives). 2013 budgeted expenditures and net lending increased by 7.1% to ₩315.1 trillion from ₩294.3 trillion in 2012, led by increases in budgeted expenditures on public health, social security, public assistance and education. The 2013 budget anticipated a ₩11.8 billion budget surplus.

2014 budgeted revenues increased by 3.7% to ₩338.9 trillion from ₩326.9 trillion in 2013, led by an increase in budgeted tax revenues (including revenues from income tax and value added tax). 2014 budgeted expenditures and net lending increased by 3.3% to ₩325.4 trillion from ₩315.1 trillion in 2013, led by increases in budgeted expenditures on social security, public assistance, childcare and welfare services for senior citizens. The 2014 budget anticipated a ₩13.5 billion budget surplus.

 

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The following table shows consolidated Government revenues and expenditures:

Consolidated Central Government Revenues and Expenditures

 

    Actual     Budget  
    2009     2010     2011     2012     2013     2012     2013     2014  
    (billions of Won)  

Total Revenues

    250,810        270,923        292,323        311,456        314,438        312,461        326,910        338,867   

Current Revenues

    248,278        268,540        289,797        307,754        311,136        307,477        321,898        334,653   

Total Tax Revenues

    198,438        213,319        231,273        246,918        248,046        246,256        256,765        268,415   

Taxes on income, profits and capital gains

    69,675        74,730        87,161        91,699        91,674        90,136        95,742        100,400   

Social security contributions

    33,896        35,601        38,892        43,904        46,140        40,498        46,367        51,962   

Tax on property

    7,171        7,772        8,713        8,832        8,591        8,999        10,367        9,754   

Taxes on goods and services

    63,496        71,035        71,519        77,811        77,642        79,474        78,498        80,924   

Taxes on international trade and transaction

    9,169        10,666        10,990        9,816        10,562        11,611        10,269        10,551   

Other tax

    15,030        13,514        13,998        14,857        13,438        15,358        15,522        14,824   

Non-Tax Revenues

    49,840        55,221        58,524        60,836        63,089        61,221        65,133        66,238   

Operating surpluses of departmental enterprise sales and property income

    24,331     

 

23,173

  

 

 

24,675

  

 

 

25,242

  

 

 

24,591

  

 

 

25,329

  

 

 

25,282

  

 

 

23,999

  

Administration fees & charges and non-industrial sales

    5,847        6,345        6,973        7,364        8,537        7,400        8,130        8,437   

Fines and forfeits

    14,979        15,730        17,180        17,488        18,164        17,666        19,822        20,769   

Contributions to government employee pension fund

   
6,324
  
   
7,213
  
   
7,303
  
   
8,134
  
   
8,776
  
   
8,572
  
   
9,067
  
   
10,034
  

Current revenue of non-financial public enterprises

    2,802        2,760        2,393        2,608        3,021        2,254        2,254        2,999   

Capital Revenues

    2,532        2,383        2,527        3,702        3,302        4,984        5,012        4,214   

Total Expenditures and Net Lending

    268,431        254,231        273,694        292,977        300,238        294,319        315,116        325,378   

Total Expenditures

    250,382        251,146        269,768        286,921        302,036        289,644        311,231        320,075   

Current Expenditures

    215,134        216,937        235,458        252,620        268,019        244,355        275,757        287,226   

Expenditure on goods and service

    38,837        49,821        52,989        55,384        57,769        47,415        63,675        64,470   

Interest payment

    15,961        13,387        14,566        14,239        13,386        12,406        13,660        14,439   

Subsidies and other current transfers

    151,791        151,030        165,233        179,433        193,451        178,378        195,048        204,638   

Current expenditure of non-financial public enterprises

    3,100        2,699        2,670        3,564        3,414        3,156        3,373        3,679   

Capital Expenditures

    35,248        34,209        34,310        34,301        34,017        45,289        35,474        32,850   

Net Lending

    18,049        3,084        3,926        6,056        (1,798     4,675        3,885        5,303   

 

Source: Ministry of Strategy and Finance; The Bank of Korea; Korea National Statistical Office

The consolidated Government account consists of a General Account, Special Accounts (including a non-financial public enterprise special account) and Public Funds. The Government segregates the accounts of certain functions of the Government into Special Accounts and Public Funds for more effective administration and fiscal control. The Special Accounts and Public Funds relate to business type activities, such as economic development, road and railway construction and maintenance, monopolies, and communications developments and the administration of loans received from official international financial organizations and foreign governments.

Revenues derive mainly from national taxes and non-tax revenues. Taxes in Korea can be roughly classified into the following types:

 

   

income tax and capital gains tax,

 

   

property tax,

 

   

value-added tax,

 

   

customs duty tax, and

 

   

other taxes.

 

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Income tax and capital gains tax are imposed on income derived from labor, business operation and ownership of assets and profits derived from capital appreciation. Income tax and capital gains tax, depending on the type of taxpayer, can be further classified into corporate income tax and individual income tax. Property tax is imposed on exchange or ownership of property and includes inheritance tax and gift tax. Value-added tax is imposed on value added to goods and services. Customs duty tax is imposed on imported goods. Other taxes include tax on certain securities transactions and a stamp tax for certain documents.

Expenditures include general administration, national defense, community service, education, health, social security, certain annuities and pensions and local finance, which involves the transfer of tax revenues to local governments.

For 2009, the Republic recorded total revenues of ₩250.8 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of ₩272.9 trillion in 2009. The Republic had a fiscal deficit of ₩17.6 trillion in 2009.

For 2010, the Republic recorded total revenues of ₩270.9 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of ₩254.2 trillion in 2010. The Republic had a fiscal surplus of ₩16.7 trillion in 2010.

For 2011, the Republic recorded total revenues of ₩292.3 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of ₩273.7 trillion in 2011. The Republic had a fiscal surplus of ₩18.6 trillion in 2011.

For 2012, the Republic recorded total revenues of ₩311.5 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of ₩293.0 trillion. The Republic had a fiscal surplus of ₩18.5 trillion in 2012.

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded total revenues of ₩314.4 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of ₩300.2 trillion in 2013. The Republic had a fiscal surplus of ₩14.2 trillion in 2013.

Debt

The Government estimates that the total outstanding debt of the Government (including guarantees by the Government) as of December 31, 2012 amounted to approximately ₩457.9 trillion, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year. The Government estimates that the total outstanding debt of the Government (including guarantees by the Government) as of December 31, 2013 amounted to approximately ₩497.0 trillion, an increase of 8.5% over the previous year. The Ministry of Strategy and Finance administers the national debt of the Republic.

External and Internal Debt of the Government

The following table sets out, by currency and the equivalent amount in U.S. Dollars, the estimated outstanding direct external debt of the Government as of December 31, 2013:

Direct External Debt of the Government

 

     Amount in
Original
Currency
     Equivalent
Amount in
U.S. Dollars(1)
 
     (millions)  

US$

   US$  6,029.5       US$  6,029.5   

Japanese Yen (¥)

   ¥ 923.5         8.8   

Euro (EUR)

   EUR 875.2         1,207.7   
     

 

 

 

Total

      US$ 7,246.0   
     

 

 

 

 

(1) Amounts expressed in currencies other than US$ are converted to US$ at the arbitrage rate announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. in effect on December 31, 2013.

 

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The following table summarizes, as of December 31 of the years indicated, the outstanding direct internal debt of the Republic:

Direct Internal Debt of the Government

 

     (billions of Won)  

2009

     331,904.1   

2010

     360,804.5   

2011

     390,249.4   

2012

     414,213.5   

2013

     453,674.0   

The following table sets out all guarantees by the Government of indebtedness of others:

Guarantees by the Government

 

     December 31,  
     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
     (billions of Won)  

Domestic

     28,292.4         33,291.7         33,799.1         32,783.6         32,978.5   

External(1)

     1,508.4         1,508.3         1,258.6         —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     29,800.8         34,800.0         35,057.7         32,783.6         32,978.5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Converted to Won at foreign exchange banks’ telegraphed transfer selling rates to customers or the market average exchange rates in effect on December 31 of each year.

For further information on the outstanding indebtedness, including guarantees, of the Republic, see “—Tables and Supplementary Information”.

External Liabilities

The following tables set out certain information regarding the Republic’s external liabilities calculated under the criteria based on the sixth edition of Balance of Payment Manual, or BPM6, published by the International Monetary Fund in December 2010 and implemented by the Government in December 2013. Under BPM6, in particular, prepayments received in connection with the construction of ships are excluded from the external debt.

 

     December 31,  
     2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
     (billions of dollars)  

Long-term Debt

     195.9         219.5         260.3         281.0         300.8   

General Government

     34.2         50.5         59.8         60.8         63.0   

Monetary Authorities

     21.3         18.4         14.2         21.2         29.2   

Banks

     64.6         71.0         93.4         97.8         101.8   

Other Sectors

     75.8         79.6         92.9         101.2         106.8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Short-term Debt

     148.7         136.5         139.8         128.0         115.3   

General Government

     0.0         0.2         0.5         0.0         0.0   

Monetary Authorities

     11.7         10.3         8.9         14.9         10.8   

Banks

     115.2         101.9         102.9         85.4         76.4   

Other Sectors

     21.8         24.0         27.5         27.7         28.1   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total External Liabilities

     344.6         355.9         400.0         408.9         416.1   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Debt Record

The Government has always paid when due the full amount of principal of, interest on, and amortization of sinking fund requirements of, all of its indebtedness.

Tables and Supplementary Information

A. External Debt of the Government

(1) External Bonds of the Government

 

Series

  Issue Date   Maturity Date   Interest
Rate (%)
    Currency     Original
Principal
Amount
    Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2013
 

2004-001

  September 22, 2004   September 22, 2014     4.875        USD        1,000,000,000        1,000,000,000   

2005-001

  November 2, 2005   November 3, 2025     5.625        USD        400,000,000        400,000,000   

2005-002

  November 2, 2005   November 2, 2015     3.625        EUR        500,000,000        500,000,000   

2006-001

  December 7, 2006   December 7, 2016     5.125        USD        500,000,000        500,000,000   

2006-002

  December 7, 2006   December 7, 2021     4.25        EUR        375,000,000        375,000,000   

2009-001

  April 16, 2009   April 16, 2014     5.75        USD        1,500,000,000        1,500,000,000   

2009-002

  April 16, 2009   April 16, 2019     7.125        USD        1,500,000,000        1,500,000,000   

2013-001

  September 11, 2013   September 11, 2023     3.875        USD        1,000,000,000        1,000,000,000   
           

 

 

 

Total External Bonds in Original Currencies

  

  USD 5,900,000,000   
  EUR 875,000,000   
           

 

 

 

Total External Bonds in Equivalent Amount of Won(1)

  

   7,500,497,500,000   
           

 

 

 

 

(1) U.S. dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of US$1.00 to ₩1,055.3, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. Euro amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of EUR1.00 to ₩1,456.26, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.

 

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(2) External Borrowings of the Government

a. Borrowings in U.S. Dollars

 

Date of Borrowing

   Original Maturity
(Years)
     Interest
Rate (%)
     Original
Principal
Amount (USD)
     Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31, 2013
(USD)
 

April 12, 1973

     42         3         96,300,000         6,017,132   

April 12, 1973

     43         3         5,300,000         495,625   

January 28, 1974

     40         3         5,000,000         162,377   

April 19, 1974

     40         3         2,800,000         123,762   

September 11, 1974

     41         3         25,700,000         1,881,271   

September 13, 1975

     41         3         5,000,000         491,472   

September 13, 1975

     41         3         5,000,000         490,934   

September 13, 1975

     41         3         5,000,000         709,618   

February 18, 1976

     40         3         11,900,000         1,064,310   

February 18, 1976

     40         3         27,900,000         2,322,044   

February 18, 1976

     40         3         23,400,000         3,331,028   

February 18, 1976

     40         3         90,800,000         8,264,485   

July 21, 1977

     41         3         59,500,000         8,968,362   

July 21, 1977

     40         3         43,800,000         5,296,487   

June 7, 1979

     30         3         40,000,000         7,254,852   

January 25, 1980

     40         3         30,000,000         6,348,176   

May 18, 1981

     40         3         27,000,000         6,392,174   

October 12, 1994

     20         6.25         1,640,370,000         69,872,617   
           

 

 

 

Subtotal in Original Currency

            USD 129,486,726   
           

 

 

 

Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(1)

            136,647,341,680   
           

 

 

 

 

(1) U.S. dollar amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of US$1.00 to ₩1,055.3, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.

b. Borrowings in Euro

 

Date of Borrowing

  Original Maturity
(Years)
     Interest
Rate (%)
     Original
Principal
Amount (EUR)
     Principal Amount
Outstanding as
of December 31,
2013
(EUR)
 

March 27, 1985

    30         2.2         6,000,000         219,399   
          

 

 

 

Subtotal in Original Currency

           EUR 219,399   
          

 

 

 

Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(1)

           319,502,410   
          

 

 

 

 

(1) Euro amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of EUR1.00 to ₩1,456.26, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.

 

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c. Borrowings in Japanese Yen

 

Date of Borrowing

   Original Maturity
(Years)
     Interest
Rate (%)
     Original Principal
Amount (JPY)
     Principal Amount
Outstanding as of
December 31,
2013
(JPY)
 

October 31, 1990

     25         4         4,320,000,000         450,644,000   

October 31, 1990

     25         4         5,414,000,000         239,496,000   

October 31, 1990

     25         4         2,160,000,000         233,356,000   
           

 

 

 

Subtotal in Original Currency

            JPY 923,496,000   
           

 

 

 

Subtotal in Equivalent Amount of Won(1)

            9,277,994,920   
           

 

 

 

Total External Borrowings in Equivalent Amount of Won

            146,244,839,010   
           

 

 

 

 

(1) Japanese yen amounts are converted to Won amounts at the rate of JPY100.00 to ₩1,004.66, the market average exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2013, as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.

B. External Guaranteed Debt of the Government

None.

 

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C. Internal Debt of the Government

 

Title

  Range of
Interest Rates
    Range of
Years of Issue
    Range of Years
of Original
Maturity
    Principal
Amounts
Outstanding as
of December 31,
2013
 
    (%)                 (billions of Won)  

1. Bonds

       

Interest-Bearing Treasury Bond for Treasury Bond Management Fund

    1.125-5.75          2004-2013        2014-2042        400,693.0   

Interest-Bearing Treasury Bond for National Housing I

    2.25-3.0        2004-2013        2009-2018        47,792.6   

Interest-Bearing Treasury Bond for National Housing II

    0.0-3.0        1989-2012        2009-2030        2,865.7   

Interest-Bearing Treasury Bond for National Housing III

    0        2005        2015        594.2   

Non-interest-Bearing Treasury Bond for Contribution to International Organizations(1)

    —         1967-1985        —         11.3   
       

 

 

 

Total Bonds

          451,956.8   
       

 

 

 

2. Borrowings

       

Borrowings from The Bank of Korea

    2.68        2013        2014        1,117.2   

Borrowings from the Sports Promotion Fund

    3.36        2011        2014        20.0   

Borrowings from the Korea Credit Guarantee Fund

    2.74-2.8        2012        2014        350.0   

Borrowings from Korea Technology Finance Corporation

    2.74-3.33        2012        2014        150.0   

Borrowings from the Government Employees’ Pension Fund

    2.74-3.88        2011-2012        2014-2015        60.0   

Borrowings from the Film Industry Development Fund

    3.41        2011        2014        2.0   
       

 

 

 

Total Borrowings

          1,717.2   
       

 

 

 

Total Internal Funded Debt

          453,674.0   
       

 

 

 

 

(1) Interest Rates and Years of Maturity not applicable.

 

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D. Internal Guaranteed Debt of the Government

 

Title

   Range of
Interest Rates
     Range of
Years of Issue
     Range of Years
of Original
Maturity
     Principal
Amounts
Outstanding as
of December 31,
2013
 
     (%)                    (billions of Won)  

1. Bonds of Government-Affiliated Corporations

           

Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation

     2.84-6.32           2009-2013         2014-2018         22,520.0   

KAMCO

     Floating-5.27         2009-2011         2014         2,114.4   

Korea Student Aid Foundation

     Floating-5.26         2010-2013         2014-2032         8,270.0   
           

 

 

 

Total Bonds

              32,904.4   
           

 

 

 

2. Borrowings of Government-Affiliated Corporations

           

Rural Development Corporation and Federation of Farmland

     5.5         1989         2023         74.1   

Total Borrowings

              74.1   
           

 

 

 

Total Internal Guaranteed Debt

              32,978.5   
           

 

 

 

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES

Description of Debt Securities

We will issue debt securities under a fiscal agency agreement or agreements. The description below summarizes the material provisions of the debt securities and the fiscal agency agreement. Since it is only a summary, the description may not contain all of the information that may be important to you as a potential investor in the debt securities. Therefore, we urge you to read the form of fiscal agency agreement and the form of global debt security before deciding whether to invest in the debt securities. We have filed a copy of these documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You should refer to such exhibits for more complete information.

The financial terms and other specific terms of your debt securities will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to your debt securities. The description in the prospectus supplement will supplement this description or, to the extent inconsistent with this description, replace it.

We will appoint a fiscal agent or agents in connection with debt securities whose duties will be governed by the fiscal agency agreement. We may replace the fiscal agent or appoint different fiscal agents for different series of debt securities.

General Terms of the Debt Securities

We may issue debt securities in separate series at various times. The Republic may irrevocably guarantee the payment of principal of, and interest on, one or more series of debt securities. The prospectus supplement that relates to your debt securities will specify some or all of the following terms:

 

   

the aggregate principal amount;

 

   

the currency of denomination and payment;

 

   

any limitation on principal amount and authorized denominations;

 

   

the percentage of their principal amount at which the debt securities will be issued;

 

   

the maturity date or dates;

 

   

the interest rate for the debt securities and, if variable, the method by which the interest rate will be calculated;

 

   

whether any amount payable in respect of the debt securities will be determined based on an index or formula, and how any such amount will be determined;

 

   

the dates from which interest, if any, will accrue for payment of interest and the record dates for any such interest payments;

 

   

where and how we will pay principal and interest;

 

   

whether and in what circumstances the debt securities may be redeemed before maturity;

 

   

any sinking fund or similar provision;

 

   

whether any part or all of the debt securities will be in the form of a global security and the circumstances in which a global security is exchangeable for certificated securities;

 

   

if issued in certificated form, whether the debt securities will be in bearer form with interest coupons, if any, or in registered form without interest coupons, or both forms, and any restrictions on exchanges from one form to the other;

 

   

whether any of the terms set out herein will differ for the debt securities

 

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whether the Republic will irrevocably guarantee the payment of principal of, and interest on, the debt securities; and

 

   

other specific provisions.

Depending on the terms of the debt securities we issue, the prospectus supplement relating to the debt securities may also describe applicable U.S. federal income tax and other considerations additional to the disclosure in this prospectus.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will maintain at an office in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, a register for the registration of transfers of debt securities issued in registered form.

Payments of Principal, Premium and Interest

On every payment date specified in the relevant prospectus supplement, we will pay the principal, premium and/or interest due on that date to the registered holder of the relevant debt security at the close of business on the related record date. We will make all payments at the place and in the currency set out in the prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant prospectus supplement or the debt securities, we will make payments in U.S. dollars at the New York office of the fiscal agent or, outside the United States, at the office of any paying agent. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement or debt securities, we will pay interest by check, payable to the registered holder.

We will make any payments on debt securities in bearer form at the offices and agencies of the fiscal agent or any other paying agent outside the United States as we may designate. At the option of the holder of the bearer debt securities, we will make such payments by check or by transfer to an account maintained by the holder with a bank located outside of the United States. We will not make payments on bearer debt securities at the corporate trust office of the fiscal agent in the United States or at any other paying agency in the United States. In addition, we will not make any payment by mail to an address in the United States or by transfer to an account maintained by a holder of bearer debt securities with a bank in the United States. Nevertheless, we will make payments on a bearer debt security denominated and payable in U.S. dollars at an office or agency in the United States if:

 

   

payment outside the United States is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions; and

 

   

the payment is then permitted under United States law, without material adverse consequences to us.

If we issue bearer debt securities, we will designate the offices of at least one paying agent outside the United States as the location for payment.

Repayment of Funds; Prescription

If no one claims money paid by us to the fiscal agent for the payment of principal or interest in respect of any series of debt securities for two years after the payment was due and payable, the fiscal agent or paying agent will repay the money to us. After such repayment, the fiscal agent or paying agent will not be liable with respect to the amounts so repaid, and you may look only to us for any payment under the debt securities.

Under Korea law, you will not be permitted to file a claim against us for payment of principal or interest on any series of debt securities unless you do so within five years, in the case of principal, and three years, in the case of interest, from the date on which payment was due.

 

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Global Securities

The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities will indicate whether any of that series of debt securities will be represented by a global security. The prospectus supplement will also describe any unique specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to that series. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, we anticipate that the following provisions will apply to depositary arrangements.

Registered Ownership of the Global Security

The global security will be registered in the name of a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement, or its nominee, and will be deposited with the depositary, its nominee or a custodian. The depositary, or its nominee, will therefore be considered the sole owner or holder of debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the fiscal agency agreement. Except as specified below or in the applicable prospectus supplement, beneficial owners:

 

   

will not be entitled to have any of the debt securities represented by the global security registered in their names;

 

   

will not receive physical delivery of any debt securities in definitive form;

 

   

will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities;

 

   

must rely on the procedures of the depositary and, if applicable, any participants (institutions that have accounts with the depositary or a nominee of the depositary, such as securities brokers and dealers) to exercise any rights of a holder; and

 

   

will receive payments of principal and interest from the depositary or its participants rather than directly from us.

We understand that, under existing industry practice, the depositary and participants will allow beneficial owners to take all actions required of, and exercise all rights granted to, the registered holders of the debt securities.

We will register debt securities in the name of a person other than the depositary or its nominee only if:

 

   

the depositary for a series of debt securities is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary; or

 

   

we determine, in our sole discretion, not to have a series of debt securities represented by a global security.

In either such instance, an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security will be entitled to registration of a principal amount of debt securities equal to its beneficial interest in its name and to physical delivery of the debt securities in definitive form.

Beneficial Interests in and Payments on a Global Security

Only participants, and persons that may hold beneficial interests through participants, can own a beneficial interest in the global security. The depositary keeps records of the ownership and transfer of beneficial interests in the global security by its participants. In turn, participants keep records of the ownership and transfer of beneficial interests in the global security by other persons (such as their customers). No other records of the ownership and transfer of beneficial interests in the global security will be kept.

All payments on a global security will be made to the depositary or its nominee. When the depositary receives payment of principal or interest on the global security, we expect the depositary to credit its participants’ accounts with amounts that correspond to their respective beneficial interests in the global security. We also expect that, after the participants’ accounts are credited, the participants will credit the accounts of the owners of beneficial interests in the global security with amounts that correspond to the owners’ respective beneficial interests in the global security.

 

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The depositary and its participants establish policies and procedures governing payments, transfers, exchanges and other important matters that affect owners of beneficial interests in a global security. The depositary and its participants may change these policies and procedures from time to time. We have no responsibility or liability for the records of ownership of beneficial interests in the global security, or for payments made or not made to owners of such beneficial interests. We also have no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the relationship between the depositary and its participants or for any aspect of the relationship between participants and owners of beneficial interests in the global security.

Bearer Securities

We may issue debt securities in a series in the form of one or more bearer global debt securities deposited with a common depositary for the Euroclear and Clearstream, or with a nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. The specific terms and procedures, including the specific terms of the depositary arrangement, with respect to any portion of a series of debt securities to be represented by a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Additional Amounts

We will make all payments of principal of, and premium and interest, if any, on the debt securities, without withholding or deducting any present or future taxes imposed by the Republic or any of its political subdivisions, unless required by law. If Korean law requires us to deduct or withhold taxes, we will pay additional amounts as necessary to ensure that you receive the same amount as you would have received without such withholding or deduction.

We will not pay, however, any additional amounts if you are liable for Korean tax because:

 

   

you are connected with the Republic other than by merely owning the debt security or receiving income or payments on the debt security;

 

   

you failed to complete and submit a declaration of your status as a non-resident of the Republic after we or the relevant tax authority requested you to do so; or

 

   

you failed to present your debt security for payment within 30 days of when the payment is due or, if the fiscal agent did not receive the money prior to the due date, the date notice is given to holders that the fiscal agent has received the full amount due to holders. Nevertheless, we will pay additional amounts to the extent you would have been entitled to such amounts had you presented your debt security for payment on the last day of the 30-day period.

We will not pay any additional amounts for taxes on the debt securities except for taxes payable through deduction or withholding from payments of principal, premium or interest. Examples of the types of taxes for which we will not pay additional amounts include the following: estate or inheritance taxes, gift taxes, sales or transfer taxes, personal property or related taxes, assessments or other governmental charges. We will pay stamp or other similar taxes that may be imposed by the Republic, the United States or any political subdivision or taxing authority in one of those two countries on the fiscal agency agreement or be payable in connection with the issuance of the debt securities.

Status of Debt Securities

The debt securities will:

 

   

constitute our direct, unconditional, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations;

 

   

rank at least equally in right of payment among themselves, regardless of when issued or currency of payment; and

 

   

rank at least equally in right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations, subject to certain statutory exceptions under Korean law.

 

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Negative Pledge Covenant

If any debt securities are outstanding, we will not create or permit any security interests on our assets as security for any of our Long-Term External Indebtedness or guarantees issued by us, unless the security interest also secures our obligations under the debt securities. “Long-Term External Indebtedness” means any obligation for the payment or repayment of money borrowed that is denominated in a currency other than the currency of the Republic and which has a final maturity of one year or more from its date of issuance.

We may, however, create or permit a security interest:

 

   

in favor of the Government or The Bank of Korea or any other agency or instrumentality of or controlled by the Government;

 

   

arising from, or any deposit or other arrangement made or entered into in connection with, the sale, assignment or other disposition or the discounting of any of our notes or receivables, or any other transaction in the ordinary course of our business; or

 

   

on any asset (or documents of title to such asset) incurred when the asset was purchased or improved to secure payment of the cost of the activity.

Events of Default

Each of the following constitutes an event of default with respect to any series of debt securities:

 

  1. Non-Payment: we do not pay principal or interest or premium or deposit any sinking fund payment on any debt securities of the series when due and such failure to pay continues for 30 days.

 

  2. Breach of Other Obligations: we fail to observe or perform any of the covenants in the series of debt securities (other than non-payment) for 60 days after written notice of the default is delivered to us at the corporate trust office of the fiscal agent in New York City by holders representing at least 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of the series.

 

  3. Cross Default and Cross Acceleration:

 

   

we default on any External Indebtedness, and, as a result, becomes obligated to pay an amount equal to or greater than US$10,000,000 in aggregate principal amount prior to its due date; or

 

   

we fail to pay when due, including any grace period, any of our External Indebtedness in aggregate principal amount equal to or greater than US$10,000,000 or we fail to pay when requested and required by the terms thereof any guarantee for External Indebtedness of another person equal to or greater than US$10,000,000 in aggregate principal amount, except in any such case where such External Indebtedness or guarantee is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.

 

  4. Moratorium/Default:

 

   

we declare a general moratorium on the payment of our External Indebtedness, including obligations under guarantees;

 

   

the Republic declares a general moratorium on the payment of its External Indebtedness, including obligations under guarantees;

 

   

the Republic becomes liable to repay prior to maturity any amount of External Indebtedness, including obligations under guarantees, as a result of a default under such External Indebtedness or obligations; or

 

   

the international monetary reserves of the Republic become subject to a security interest or segregation or other preferential arrangement for the benefit of any creditors.

 

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  5. Bankruptcy:

 

   

we are declared bankrupt or insolvent by any court or administrative agency with jurisdiction over us;

 

   

we pass a resolution to apply for bankruptcy or to request the appointment of a receiver or trustee or similar official in insolvency;

 

   

a substantial part of our assets are liquidated; or

 

   

we cease to conduct the banking business.

 

  6. Failure of Support: the Republic fails to provide financial support for us as required under Article 37 of the KEXIM Act as of the date of the debt securities of such series.

 

  7. Control of Assets: the Republic ceases to control us (directly or indirectly).

 

  8. IMF Membership/World Bank Membership: the Republic ceases to be a member of the IMF or the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank).

For purposes of the foregoing, “External Indebtedness” means any obligation for the payment or repayment of money borrowed that is denominated in a currency other than the currency of the Republic.

If an event of default occurs, any holder may declare the principal amount of debt securities that it holds to be immediately due and payable by written notice to us and the fiscal agent.

You should note that:

 

   

despite the procedure described above, no debt securities may be declared due and payable if we cure the applicable event of default before we receive the written notice from the debt security holder;

 

   

we are not required to provide periodic evidence of the absence of defaults; and

 

   

the fiscal agency agreement does not require us to notify holders of the debt securities of an event of default or grant any debt security holder a right to examine the security register.

Modifications and Amendments; Debt Securityholders’ Meetings

Each holder of a series of debt securities must consent to any amendment or modification of the terms of that series of debt securities or the fiscal agency agreement that would, among other things:

 

   

change the stated maturity of the principal of the debt securities or any installment of interest;

 

   

reduce the principal amount of such series of debt securities or the portion of the principal amount payable upon acceleration of such debt securities;

 

   

change the debt security’s interest rate or premium payable;

 

   

change the currency of payment of principal, interest or premium;

 

   

amend either the procedures provided for a redemption event or the definition of a redemption event;

 

   

shorten the period during which we are not allowed to redeem the debt securities or grant us a right to redeem the debt securities which we previously did not have; or

 

   

reduce the percentage of the outstanding principal amount needed to modify or amend the fiscal agency agreement or the terms of such series of debt securities.

 

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We may, with the exception of the above changes, with the consent of the holders of at least 66 2/3% in principal amount of the debt securities of a series that are outstanding, modify and amend other terms of that series of debt securities.

The fiscal agency agreement and a series of debt securities may be modified or amended, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities, to:

 

   

add covenants made by us that benefit holders of the debt securities;

 

   

surrender any right or power given to us;

 

   

secure the debt securities;

 

   

permit registered securities to be exchanged for bearer securities or relax or eliminate restrictions on the payment of principal, premium or interest on bearer securities to the extent permitted under United States Department of Treasury regulations, provided that holders of the debt securities do not suffer any adverse tax consequences as a result; and

 

   

cure any ambiguity or correct or supplement any defective provision in the fiscal agency agreement or the debt securities, without materially and adversely affecting the interests of the holders of the debt securities.

Fiscal Agent

The fiscal agency agreement governs the duties of each fiscal agent. We may maintain bank accounts and a banking relationship with each fiscal agent. The fiscal agent is our agent and does not act as a trustee for the holders of the debt securities.

Further Issues of Debt Securities

We may, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities, create and issue additional debt securities with the same terms and conditions as any series of debt securities (or that are the same except for the amount of the first interest payment and for the interest paid on the series of debt securities prior to the issuance of the additional debt securities); provided that if any such additional debt securities are not fungible with the outstanding series of debt securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, they will be issued under a separate CUSIP or other identifying number. We may consolidate such additional debt securities with the outstanding debt securities to form a single series.

Description of Warrants

The description below summarizes some of the provisions of warrants for the purchase of debt securities that we may issue from time to time and of the warrant agreement. Copies of the forms of warrants and the warrant agreement are or will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Since it is only a summary, the description may not contain all of the information that is important to you as a potential investor in the warrants.

The description of the warrants that will be contained in the prospectus supplement will supplement this description and, to the extent inconsistent with this description, replace it.

General Terms of the Warrants

Each series of warrants will be issued under a warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The prospectus supplement relating to the series of warrants will describe:

 

   

the terms of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants, as described above under “Description of the Securities—Description of Debt Securities—General Terms of the Debt Securities”;

 

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the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the exercise price;

 

   

the procedures and conditions for the exercise of the warrants;

 

   

the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants begins and expires;

 

   

whether and under what conditions the warrants may be terminated or canceled by us;

 

   

whether and under what conditions the warrants and any debt securities issued with the warrants will be separately transferable;

 

   

whether the warrants will be issued in bearer or registered form;

 

   

whether the warrants will be exchangeable between registered and bearer form, and, if issued in registered form, where they may be transferred and registered; and

 

   

other specific provisions.

Terms Applicable to Debt Securities and Warrants

Governing Law

The fiscal agency agreement, any warrant agreement and the debt securities and any warrants will be governed by the laws of the State of New York without regard to any principles of New York law requiring the application of the laws of another jurisdiction. Nevertheless, all matters governing our authorization, execution and delivery of the debt securities and the fiscal agency agreement and any warrants and warrant agreement by us will be governed by the laws of the Republic.

Jurisdiction and Consent to Service

We are owned by a foreign sovereign government and all of our directors and executive officers and some of the experts named in this prospectus are residents of Korea. In addition, all or most our assets and the assets of the people named in the preceding sentence are located outside of the United States. For that reason, you may have difficultly serving process on us or the individuals described above in the United States or enforcing in a U.S. court a U.S.-court judgment based on the U.S. federal securities laws. Our Korean counsel has informed us that there is doubt regarding the enforceability in Korea, either in original actions or in actions for the enforcement of U.S.-court judgments, of civil liabilities based on the U.S. federal securities laws.

We have appointed the Chief Representative of our New York Representative Office, Mr. Kyung-taek Shin, and a Senior Representative of our New York Representative Office, Mr. Seho Yang, and each of their successors in the future, as our authorized agents to receive service of process in any suit which a holder of any series of debt securities or warrants may bring in any state or federal court in New York City and we have accepted the jurisdiction of those courts for those actions. Our New York Representative Office is located at 460 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10022. These appointments are irrevocable as long as any amounts of principal, premium or interest remain payable by us to the Fiscal Agent under any series of debt securities or any warrants have not expired or otherwise terminated under their terms. If for any reason either of these two men ceases to act as our authorized agent or ceases to have an address in Manhattan, we shall appoint a replacement. The appointment of agents for receipt of service of process and the acceptance of jurisdiction of state or federal courts in New York City do not, however, apply to actions brought under the United States federal securities laws. We may also be sued in courts having jurisdiction over us located in the Republic.

We will irrevocably consent to any relief and process in connection with a suit against us in relation to the debt securities or warrants, including the enforcement or execution of any order or judgment of the court. To the extent permitted by law, we will waive irrevocably any immunity from jurisdiction to which we might otherwise be entitled in any suit based on any series of debt securities or warrants.

 

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Foreign Exchange Controls

Before we may issue debt securities outside the Republic, the Minister of Strategy and Finance of Korea must receive a report with respect to the issuance by us of debt securities in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Transaction Act and Regulation of Korea. After issuance of debt securities outside the Republic, we are required to notify the Minister of Strategy and Finance of such issuance. No further approval or authorization is required for us to pay principal of or interest on the debt securities.

Description of Guarantees

The description below summarizes some of the provisions of the guarantees that the Republic may issue from time to time to guarantee our debt securities. Since it is only a summary, the description may not contain all of the information that is important to you as a potential beneficiary of a guarantee.

The prospectus supplement relating to a guarantee to be issued by the Republic will specify other specific provisions. The description of a guarantee to be issued by the Republic that will be contained in the prospectus supplement will supplement this description and, to the extent inconsistent with this description, replace it.

General Terms of the Guarantees

Each guarantee will be issued by the Republic as guarantor. The prospectus supplement relating to a guarantee will specify:

 

   

the relevant obligor and the obligations guaranteed under the guarantee;

 

   

the nature and scope of the guarantee, including whether or not it is irrevocable and unconditional;

 

   

the status of the guarantee in relation to the Republic’s other obligations;

 

   

the governing law of the guarantee; and

 

   

other relevant provisions of the guarantee.

 

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LIMITATIONS ON ISSUANCE OF BEARER DEBT SECURITIES AND BEARER WARRANTS

Bearer securities will not be offered, sold or delivered in the United States or its possessions or to a United States person; except in certain circumstances permitted by United States tax regulations. Bearer securities will initially be represented by temporary global securities, without interest coupons, deposited with a common depositary in London for Euroclear and Clearstream for credit to designated accounts. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement:

 

   

each temporary global security will be exchangeable for definitive bearer securities on or after the date that is 40 days after issuance only upon receipt of certification of non-United States beneficial ownership of the temporary global security as provided for in United States tax regulations, provided that no bearer security will be mailed or otherwise delivered to any location in the United States in connection with the exchange; and

 

   

any interest payable on any portion of a temporary global security with respect to any interest payment date occurring prior to the issuance of definitive bearer securities will be paid only upon receipt of certification of non-United States beneficial ownership of the temporary global security as provided for in United States tax regulations.

Bearer securities, other than temporary global debt securities, and any related coupons will bear the following legend: “Any United States person who holds this obligation will be subject to limitations under the United States federal income tax laws, including the limitations provided in Section 165(j) and 1287(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.” The sections referred to in the legend provide that, with certain exceptions, a United States person who holds a bearer security or coupon will not be allowed to deduct any loss realized on the disposition of the bearer security, and any gain, which might otherwise be characterized as capital gain, recognized on the disposition will be treated as ordinary income.

For purposes of this section, “United States person” means:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

   

a corporation, partnership or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States of any political subdivision thereof; or

 

   

an estate or trust the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source.

For purposes of this section, “United States” means the United States of America, including each state and the District of Columbia, its territories, possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

 

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TAXATION

The following discussion summarizes certain Korean and U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in debt securities. This summary is based on laws, regulations, rulings and decisions in effect as of the date of this Prospectus. These laws, regulations, rulings and/or decisions may change; any such change could apply retroactively and could affect the continued validity of this summary.

This summary does not describe all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to you or your situation, particularly if you are subject to special tax rules. You should consult your tax adviser about the tax consequences of holding the debt securities, including the relevance to your particular situation of the considerations discussed below, as well as of state, local or other tax laws.

Korean Taxation

The following summary of Korean tax considerations applies to you so long as you are not:

 

   

a resident of Korea;

 

   

a company having its head office, principal place of business or place of effective management in Korea (a “Korean company”); or

 

   

engaging in a trade or business in Korea through a permanent establishment or a fixed base to which the relevant income is attributable or with which the relevant income is effectively connected.

Tax on Interest Payments

Under the Special Tax Treatment Control Law (the “STTCL”), when we make payments of interest to you on the debt securities, no amount will be withheld from such payments for, or on account of, taxes of any kind imposed, levied, withheld or assessed by Korea or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein; provided that the debt securities are deemed to be foreign currency denominated bonds issued outside of Korea for the purpose of the STTCL.

Tax on Capital Gains

You will not be subject to any Korean income or withholding taxes in connection with the sale, exchange or other disposition of a debt security, provided that the disposition does not involve a transfer of the debt security to a resident of Korea (or the Korean permanent establishment of a non-resident). In addition, the STTCL exempts you from Korean taxation on any capital gains that you earn from the transfer of the debt securities outside of Korea; provided that the offering of the debt securities is deemed to be an overseas issuance for the purpose of the STTCL. If you sell or otherwise dispose of debt securities to a Korean resident and such disposition or sale is made within Korea, any gain realized on the transaction will be taxable at ordinary Korean withholding tax rates at the lower of 22% (including local income surtax) of net gain (subject to the production of satisfactory evidence of the acquisition costs and certain direct transaction costs) or 11% (including local income surtax) of gross sale proceeds with respect to transactions, unless an exemption is available under an applicable income tax treaty. For example, if you are a resident of the United States for the purposes of the income tax treaty currently in force between Korea and the United States, you are generally entitled to an exemption from Korean taxation in respect of any gain realized on a disposition of a debt security, regardless of whether the disposition is to a Korean resident. For more information regarding tax treaties, please refer to the heading “Tax Treaties” below.

With respect to computing the above-mentioned 22% withholding taxes (including local income surtax) on net gain, please note that there is no provision under relevant Korean law for offsetting gains and losses or otherwise aggregating transactions for the purpose of computing the net gain attributable to sales of the debt

 

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securities. The purchaser of the debt securities or, in the case of the sale of the debt securities through a securities company in Korea, the securities company through which such sale is effected, is required under Korean law to withhold the applicable amount of Korean tax and make payment thereof to the relevant Korean tax authority. Unless you, as the seller, can either claim the benefit of an exemption or a reduced rate of tax under an applicable tax treaty or produce satisfactory evidence of your acquisition cost and certain direct transaction costs in relation to the debt securities being sold, the purchaser or the securities company, as applicable, must withhold an amount equal to 11% of the gross sale proceeds. Any withheld tax must be paid no later than the tenth day of the month following the month in which the payment for the purchase of the relevant debt securities occurred. Failure to timely transmit the withheld tax to the Korean tax authorities technically subjects the purchaser or the securities company to penalties under Korean tax laws.

Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax

If you die while domiciled in Korea, Korean inheritance tax will be imposed upon the transfer by succession of any of the debt securities, wherever located, that you own at the time of death. Furthermore, regardless of where you are domiciled when you die, Korean inheritance tax will be imposed upon the transfer by succession of any of the debt securities you own that are located in Korea at the time of death. Similarly, if you give the debt securities as a gift to any other person, the donee will be subject to Korean gift tax, based on where the donee or you are domiciled or where the debt securities are located at the time that you make the gift. The amount, if any, of the applicable inheritance or gift tax imposed in specific cases depends on the value of the debt securities (or other property) and the identities of the parties involved.

Under Korean inheritance and gift tax laws, debt securities issued by Korean companies are deemed to be located in Korea irrespective of where they are physically located or by whom they are owned.

Stamp Duty

You will not be subject to any Korean stamp duty, registration duty or similar documentary tax in respect of or in connection with a transfer of any debt securities or in connection with the exercise of exchange rights or conversion rights that may be acquired with the debt securities.

Guarantees

Although there are no Korean tax laws, regulations or rulings specific to the payment under the guarantee herein, we believe any payments of interest on and principal amount of the debt securities (or the issued price if the debt securities were originally issued at a discount) by the Republic under the Republic’s guarantee on the debt securities denominated in a foreign currency and issued by us are not subject to withholding tax, provided that the debt securities are deemed to be foreign currency denominated bonds issued outside of Korea for the purpose of the STTCL. Further details of the tax consequences of the holders of our debt securities guaranteed by the Republic may be provided in the relevant prospectus supplement.

Tax Treaties

At the date of this prospectus, Korea has tax treaties with, among others, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Fiji, Romania, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Vietnam under which the rate of withholding tax on interest and dividends is reduced, generally to between 5% and 16.5%, and the tax on capital gains is often eliminated.

 

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With respect to any gains subject to Korean withholding tax, as described under the heading “Tax on Capital Gains” above, you should inquire for yourself whether you are entitled to the benefit of a tax treaty with Korea. It will be your responsibility to claim the benefits of any tax treaty that may exist between your country and Korea in respect of capital gains, and to provide to the purchaser of the debt securities, or the relevant securities company through which the transfer of the debt securities is effected, as applicable, a certificate as to your country of tax residence. In the absence of sufficient proof, the purchaser, or the relevant securities company, as the case may be, must withhold tax at normal rates.

In addition, subject to certain exceptions, in order to receive the benefit of a tax exemption available under any applicable tax treaty, you may also be required to submit to the payer of such Korean source income an application for tax exemption under a tax treaty, together with a certificate as to your country of tax residence. Subject to certain exceptions, the Korean tax laws also require an overseas investment vehicle (which is defined as an organization established in a foreign jurisdiction that manages funds collected through investment solicitation by way of acquiring, disposing or otherwise investing in proprietary targets and then distributes the outcome of such management to investors) to obtain the application for tax exemption from the beneficial owners together with a certificate of tax residence of the beneficial owner and submit a report of overseas investment vehicle to the payer, together with a detailed statement on the beneficial owner of the income and the obtained application for exemption from the beneficial owner. The payer of such Korean source income, in turn, will be required to submit such exemption application to the relevant district tax office in Korea by the ninth day of the month following the date of the first payment of such income. Furthermore, the Corporation Income Tax Law (the “CITL”) and Individual Income Tax Law (the “IITL”) require the beneficial owner to submit an application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate together with evidence of tax residence (including a certificate of tax residence of the beneficial owner issued by a competent authority of the country of tax residence of the beneficial owner) to a withholding obligor paying Korean source income in order to benefit from the available reduced tax rate pursuant to the relevant tax treaty. Subject to certain exceptions, the CITL and IITL also require an overseas investment vehicle to obtain the application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate from the beneficial owners and submit a report of overseas investment vehicle to the withholding obligor, together with a detailed statement on the beneficial owner of the income.

At present, Korea has not entered into any tax treaties regarding inheritance or gift tax.

United States Tax Considerations

The following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in debt securities and are a U.S. holder. You will be a U.S. holder if you are an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a U.S. domestic corporation, or any other person that is subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in respect of its investment in a debt security. This summary deals only with U.S. holders that hold debt securities as capital assets for tax purposes. This summary does not apply to you if you are an investor that is subject to special tax rules, such as:

 

   

a bank or thrift;

 

   

a real estate investment trust;

 

   

a regulated investment company;

 

   

an insurance company;

 

   

a dealer in securities or currencies;

 

   

a trader in securities or commodities that elects mark-to-market treatment;

 

   

a person that will hold debt securities as a hedge against currency risk or as a position in a straddle or conversion transaction for tax purposes;

 

   

a tax exempt organization; or

 

   

a person whose functional currency for tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar.

 

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This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations promulgated thereunder, and published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.

Any special U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to a particular issuance of debt securities will be discussed in the applicable prospectus supplement. You should consult your tax adviser about the tax consequences of holding debt securities, including the relevance to your particular situation of the considerations discussed below, as well as of state, local or other tax laws.

Payments or Accruals of Interest

Payments or accruals of “qualified stated interest” (as defined below) on a debt security will be taxable to you as ordinary interest income at the time that you receive or accrue such amounts, in accordance with your regular method of tax accounting. If you use the cash method of tax accounting and you receive payments of interest pursuant to the terms of a debt security in a currency other than U.S. dollars (a “foreign currency”), the amount of interest income you will realize will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency payment based on the exchange rate in effect on the date you receive the payment regardless of whether you convert the payment into U.S. dollars. If you are an accrual-basis U.S. holder, the amount of interest income you will realize will be based on the average exchange rate in effect during the interest accrual period or, with respect to an interest accrual period that spans two taxable years, at the average exchange rate for the partial period within the taxable year. Alternatively, as an accrual-basis U.S. holder you may elect to translate all interest income on foreign currency-denominated debt securities at the spot rate on the last day of the accrual period (or the last day of the taxable year, in the case of an accrual period that spans more than one taxable year), or on the date that you receive the interest payment if that date is within five business days of the end of the accrual period. If you make this election you must apply it consistently to all debt instruments from year to year and you cannot change the election without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service. If you use the accrual method of accounting for tax purposes you will recognize foreign currency gain or loss on the receipt of a foreign currency interest payment if the exchange rate in effect on the date the payment is received differs from the rate applicable to a previous accrual of that interest income. This foreign currency gain or loss will be treated as ordinary income or loss, but generally will not be treated as an adjustment to interest income received on the debt security.

Purchase, Sale and Retirement of Notes

Initially, your tax basis in a debt security generally will equal the cost of the debt security to you. Your basis will increase by any amounts that you are required to include in income under the rules governing original issue discount and market discount, and will decrease by the amount of any amortized premium and any payments other than qualified stated interest made on the debt security. The rules for determining these amounts are discussed below. If you purchase a debt security that is denominated in a foreign currency, the cost to you, and therefore generally your initial tax basis, will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency purchase price on the date of purchase calculated at the exchange rate in effect on that date. If the foreign currency-denominated debt security is traded on an established securities market and you are a cash-basis taxpayer, or if you are an accrual-basis taxpayer that makes a special election, then you will determine the U.S. dollar value of the cost of the debt security by translating the amount of the foreign currency that you paid for the debt security at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of your purchase. The amount of any subsequent adjustments to your tax basis in a foreign currency-denominated debt security in respect of original issue discount, market discount and premium will be determined in the manner described below. If you convert U.S. dollars into a foreign currency and then immediately use that foreign currency to purchase a debt security, you generally will not have any taxable gain or loss as a result of the purchase.

When you sell or exchange a debt security, or if a debt security is retired, you generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount you realize on the transaction, less any accrued qualified stated interest, which will be subject to tax in the manner described above, and your tax basis in the debt security.

 

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If you sell or exchange a debt security for a foreign currency, or receive foreign currency on the retirement of a debt security, the amount you will realize for U.S. tax purposes generally will be the dollar value of the foreign currency that you receive calculated at the exchange rate in effect on the date the foreign currency debt security is disposed of or retired. If you dispose of a foreign currency debt security that is traded on an established securities market and you are a cash-basis U.S. holder, or if you are an accrual-basis holder that makes a special election, then you will determine the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized by translating the amount at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the sale, exchange or retirement. Furthermore, regardless of which of the foregoing methods applies, if Korean tax is withheld on the sale, exchange or retirement of a debt security, the amount you realize will include the gross amount of the proceeds of that sale or exchange before deduction of the Korean tax.

The special election available to you if you are an accrual-basis taxpayer in respect of the purchase and sale of foreign currency debt securities traded on an established securities market, which is discussed in the two preceding paragraphs, must be applied consistently to all debt instruments from year to year and cannot be changed without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service.

Except as discussed below with respect to market discount, short-term debt securities and foreign currency gain or loss, the gain or loss that you recognize on the sale, exchange or retirement of a debt security generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the debt security for more than one year. The Code provides preferential treatment under certain circumstances for net long-term capital gains recognized by individual investors. The ability of U.S. holders to offset capital losses against ordinary income is limited.

Any gain or loss that you recognize on the sale, exchange, redemption or retirement of a debt security generally will be treated as U.S. source income. Consequently, you may not be able to claim a credit for any Korean tax imposed upon the sale or exchange of a debt security unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources.

Despite the foregoing, the gain or loss that you recognize on the sale, exchange or retirement of a foreign currency debt security generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss to the extent that the gain or loss is attributable to changes in exchange rates during the period in which you held the debt security. This foreign currency gain or loss will not be treated as an adjustment to interest income that you receive on the debt security.

Original Issue Discount

If we issue debt securities at a discount from their stated redemption price at maturity, and the discount is equal to or more than the product of one-fourth of one percent (0.25%) of the stated redemption price at maturity of the debt securities multiplied by the number of whole years to their maturity, the debt securities will be “Original Issue Discount Debt Securities.” The difference between the issue price and their stated redemption price at maturity will be the “original issue discount.” The “issue price” of the debt securities will be the first price at which a substantial amount of the debt securities are sold to the public (i.e., excluding sales of debt securities to underwriters, placement agents, wholesalers, or similar persons). The “stated redemption price at maturity” will include all payments under the debt securities other than payments of qualified stated interest. The term “qualified stated interest” generally means stated interest that is unconditionally payable in cash or property, other than debt instruments issued by the Company, at least annually during the entire term of a debt security at a single fixed interest rate or, subject to certain conditions, based on one or more interest indices.

If you invest in Original Issue Discount Debt Securities you generally will be subject to the special tax accounting rules for original issue discount obligations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and certain Treasury regulations (the “OID regulations”). You should be aware that, as described in greater detail below, if you invest in an Original Issue Discount Debt Security you generally will be required to include original issue discount in ordinary gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes as it accrues, before you receive the cash attributable to that income.

 

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In general, and regardless of whether you use the cash or the accrual method of tax accounting, if you are the holder of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security with a maturity greater than one year, you will be required to include in ordinary gross income the sum of the “daily portions” of original issue discount on that debt security for all days during the taxable year that you own the debt security. The daily portions of original issue discount on an Original Issue Discount Debt Security are determined by allocating to each day in any accrual period a ratable portion of the original issue discount allocable to that period. Accrual periods may be any length and may vary in length over the term of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security, so long as no accrual period is longer than one year and each scheduled payment of principal or interest occurs on the first or last day of an accrual period. If you are the initial holder of the debt security, the amount of original issue discount on an Original Issue Discount Debt Security allocable to each accrual period is determined by:

 

  (i) multiplying the “adjusted issue price” (as defined below) of the debt security at the beginning of the accrual period by a fraction, the numerator of which is the annual yield to maturity of the debt security and the denominator of which is the number of accrual periods in a year; and

 

  (ii) subtracting from that product the amount, if any, payable as qualified stated interest allocable to that accrual period.

In the case of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security that is a floating rate debt security, both the “annual yield to maturity” and the qualified stated interest will be determined for these purposes as though the debt security had borne interest in all periods at a fixed rate generally equal to the rate that would be applicable to interest payments on the debt security on its date of issue or, in the case of some floating rate debt securities, the rate that reflects the yield that is reasonably expected for the debt security. Additional rules may apply if interest on a floating rate debt security is based on more than one interest index. The “adjusted issue price” of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security at the beginning of any accrual period will generally be the sum of its issue price, including any accrued interest, and the amount of original issue discount allocable to all prior accrual periods, reduced by the amount of all payments other than any qualified stated interest payments on the debt security in all prior accrual periods. All payments on an Original Issue Discount Debt Security, other than qualified stated interest, will generally be viewed first as payments of previously accrued original issue discount, to the extent of the previously accrued discount, with payments considered made from the earliest accrual periods first, and then as a payment of principal. The “annual yield to maturity” of a debt security is the discount rate, appropriately adjusted to reflect the length of accrual periods, that causes the present value on the issue date of all payments on the debt security to equal the issue price. As a result of this “constant yield” method of including original issue discount income, the amounts you will be required to include in your gross income if you invest in an Original Issue Discount Debt Security denominated in U.S. dollars will generally be less in the early years and greater in the later years than amounts that would be includible on a straight-line basis.

You generally may make an irrevocable election to include in income your entire return on a debt security (i.e., the excess of all remaining payments to be received on the debt security, including payments of qualified stated interest, over the amount you paid for the debt security) under the constant yield method described above. For debt securities purchased at a premium or bearing market discount in your hands, if you make this election you will also be deemed to have made the election (discussed below under “Premium and Market Discount”) to amortize premium or to accrue market discount in income currently on a constant yield basis.

In the case of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security that is also a foreign currency-denominated debt security, you should determine the U.S. dollar amount includible as original issue discount for each accrual period by (i) calculating the amount of original issue discount allocable to each accrual period in the foreign currency using the constant yield method, and (ii) translating the foreign currency amount so determined at the average exchange rate in effect during that accrual period (or, with respect to an interest accrual period that spans two taxable years, at the average exchange rate for each partial period). Alternatively, you may translate the foreign currency amount so determined at the spot rate of exchange on the last day of the accrual period (or the last day of the taxable year, for an accrual period that spans two taxable years), or at the spot rate of exchange on the date of receipt, if that date is within five business days of the last day of the accrual period, provided that you

 

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have made the election described under the caption “Payments or Accruals of Interest” above. Because exchange rates may fluctuate, if you are the holder of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security that is also a foreign currency debt security you may recognize a different amount of original issue discount income in each accrual period than would be the case if you were the holder of an otherwise similar Original Issue Discount Debt Security denominated in U.S. dollars. Upon the receipt of an amount attributable to original issue discount, whether in connection with a payment of an amount that is not qualified stated interest or the sale or retirement of the Original Issue Discount Debt Security, you will recognize ordinary income or loss measured by the difference between the amount received, translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt or on the date of disposition of the Original Issue Discount Debt Security, as the case may be, and the amount accrued, using the exchange rate applicable to such previous accrual.

If you purchase an Original Issue Discount Debt Security outside of the initial offering at a cost less than its “remaining redemption amount”, or if you purchase an Original Issue Discount Debt Security in the initial offering at a price other than the debt security’s issue price, you will also generally be required to include in gross income the daily portions of original issue discount, calculated as described above. However, if you acquire an Original Issue Discount Debt Security at a price greater than its adjusted issue price, you will be entitled to reduce your periodic inclusions of original issue discount to reflect the premium paid over the adjusted issue price. The remaining redemption amount for an Original Issue Discount Debt Security is the total of all future payments to be made on the debt security other than qualified stated interest.

Floating rate debt securities generally will be treated as “variable rate debt instruments” under the OID regulations. Accordingly, the stated interest on a floating rate debt security generally will be treated as qualified stated interest, and such a debt security will not have original issue discount solely as a result of the fact that it provides for interest at a variable rate. A floating rate debt security that does not qualify as a variable rate debt instrument will be subject to special rules (the “contingent payment regulations”) that govern the tax treatment of debt obligations that provide for contingent payments (“contingent debt obligations”). A detailed description of the tax considerations relevant to U.S. holders of any such debt securities will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Certain debt securities may be redeemed prior to maturity, either at our option or at the option of the holder, or may have special repayment or interest rate reset features as indicated in the prospectus supplement. Original Issue Discount Debt Securities containing these features may be subject to rules that differ from the general rules discussed above. If you purchase Original Issue Discount Debt Securities with these features, you should carefully examine the prospectus supplement and consult your tax adviser about their treatment since the tax consequences with respect to original issue discount will depend, in part, on the particular terms and features of the debt securities.

Short-Term Debt Securities

The rules described above will also generally apply to Original Issue Discount Debt Securities with maturities of one year or less (“short-term debt securities”), but with some modifications.

First, the original issue discount rules treat none of the interest on a short-term debt security as qualified stated interest, but treat a short-term debt security as having original issue discount. Thus, all short-term debt securities will be Original Issue Discount Debt Securities. Except as noted below, if you are a cash-basis holder of a short-term debt security and you do not identify the short-term debt security as part of a hedging transaction you will generally not be required to accrue original issue discount currently, but you will be required to treat any gain realized on a sale, exchange or retirement of the debt security as ordinary income to the extent such gain does not exceed the original issue discount accrued with respect to the debt security during the period you held the debt security. You may not be allowed to deduct all of the interest paid or accrued on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to purchase or carry a short-term debt security until the maturity of the debt security or its earlier disposition in a taxable transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if you are a cash-basis U.S. holder of a

 

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short-term debt security you may elect to accrue original issue discount on a current basis, in which case the limitation on the deductibility of interest described above will not apply. A U.S. holder using the accrual method of tax accounting and some cash method holders, including banks, securities dealers, regulated investment companies and certain trust funds, generally will be required to include original issue discount on a short-term debt security in gross income on a current basis. Original issue discount will be treated as accruing for these purposes on a ratable basis or, at the election of the holder, on a constant yield basis based on daily compounding.

Second, regardless of whether you are a cash- or accrual-basis holder, if you are the holder of a short-term debt security you can elect to accrue any “acquisition discount” with respect to the debt security on a current basis. Acquisition discount is the excess of the remaining redemption amount of the debt security at the time of acquisition over the purchase price. Acquisition discount will be treated as accruing ratably or, at the election of the holder, under a constant yield method based on daily compounding. If you elect to accrue acquisition discount, the original issue discount rules will not apply.

Finally, the market discount rules described below will not apply to short-term debt securities.

As described above, certain of the debt securities may be subject to special redemption features. These features may affect the determination of whether a debt security has a maturity of one year or less and thus is a short-term debt security. If you purchase debt securities with these features, you should carefully examine the prospectus supplement and consult your tax adviser about these features.

Premium and Market Discount

If you purchase a debt security at a cost greater than the debt security’s remaining redemption amount, you will be considered to have purchased the debt security at a premium, and you may elect to amortize the premium as an offset to interest income, using a constant yield method, over the remaining term of the debt security. If you make this election, it generally will apply to all debt instruments that you hold at the time of the election, as well as any debt instruments that you subsequently acquire. In addition, you may not revoke the election without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service. If you elect to amortize the premium you will be required to reduce your tax basis in the debt security by the amount of the premium amortized during your holding period. Original Issue Discount Debt Securities purchased at a premium will not be subject to the original issue discount rules described above. In the case of premium on a foreign currency debt security, you should calculate the amortization of the premium in the foreign currency. Amortization deductions attributable to a period reduce interest payments in respect of that period, and therefore are translated into U.S. dollars at the rate that you use for those interest payments. Exchange gain or loss will be realized with respect to amortized premium on a foreign currency debt security based on the difference between the exchange rate computed on the date or dates the premium is amortized against interest payments on the debt security and the exchange rate on the date when the holder acquired the debt security. For a U.S. holder that does not elect to amortize premium, the amount of premium will be included in your tax basis when the debt security matures or is disposed of. Therefore, if you do not elect to amortize premium and you hold the debt security to maturity, you generally will be required to treat the premium as capital loss when the debt security matures.

If you purchase a debt security at a price that is lower than the debt security’s remaining redemption amount, or in the case of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security, the debt security’s adjusted issue price, by 0.25% or more of the remaining redemption amount, or adjusted issue price, multiplied by the number of remaining whole years to maturity, the debt security will be considered to bear “market discount” in your hands. In this case, any gain that you realize on the disposition of the debt security generally will be treated as ordinary interest income to the extent of the market discount that accrued on the debt security during your holding period. In addition, you could be required to defer the deduction of a portion of the interest paid on any indebtedness that you incurred or continued to purchase or carry the debt security. In general, market discount will be treated as accruing ratably over the term of the debt security, or, at your election, under a constant yield method. You must

 

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accrue market discount on a foreign currency debt security in the specified currency. The amount that you will be required to include in income in respect of accrued market discount will be the U.S. dollar value of the accrued amount, generally calculated at the exchange rate in effect on the date that you dispose of the debt security.

You may elect to include market discount in gross income currently as it accrues (on either a ratable or constant yield basis), in lieu of treating a portion of any gain realized on a sale of the debt security as ordinary income. If you elect to include market discount on a current basis, the interest deduction deferral rule described above will not apply. If you do make such an election, it will apply to all market discount debt instruments that you acquire on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies. The election may not be revoked without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service. Any accrued market discount on a foreign currency debt security that is currently includible in income will be translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for the accrual period (or portion thereof within the holder’s taxable year).

Warrants

A description of the tax consequences of an investment in warrants will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Indexed Notes and Other Notes Providing for Contingent Payments

The contingent payment regulations generally require accrual of interest income on a constant yield basis in respect of contingent debt obligations at a yield determined at the time of issuance of the obligation, and may require adjustments to these accruals when any contingent payments are made. In addition, special rules may apply to floating rate debt securities if the interest payable on the debt securities is based on more than one interest index. We will provide a detailed description of the tax considerations relevant to U.S. holders of any debt securities that are subject to the special rules discussed in this paragraph in the relevant prospectus supplement.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

The paying agent must file information returns with the United States Internal Revenue Service in connection with debt security payments made to certain United States persons. If you are a United States person, you generally will not be subject to United States backup withholding tax on such payments if you provide your taxpayer identification number to the paying agent. You may also be subject to information reporting and backup withholding tax requirements with respect to the proceeds from a sale of the debt securities. If you are not a United States person, in order to avoid information reporting and backup withholding tax requirements you may have to comply with certification procedures to establish that you are not a United States person.

In addition, a United States Holder should be aware that reporting requirements are imposed with respect to the holding of certain foreign financial assets, including debt of foreign issuers, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds $50,000. A United States Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the application of these information reporting rules to our Notes and its particular situation.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We and the Republic, if a guarantee by the Republic is furnished, may sell or issue the debt securities or warrants or guarantees in any of three ways:

 

   

through underwriters or dealers;

 

   

directly to one or more purchasers; or

 

   

through agents.

The prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities or warrants or guarantees will state:

 

   

the names of any underwriters;

 

   

the purchase price of the securities;

 

   

the proceeds to us from the sale;

 

   

any underwriting discounts and other compensation;

 

   

the initial public offering price;

 

   

any discounts or concessions allowed or paid to dealers; and

 

   

any securities exchanges on which the securities will be listed.

Any underwriter involved in the sale of securities will acquire the securities for its own account. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices to be determined at the time of sale. The securities may be offered to the public either by underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, certain conditions must be satisfied before the underwriters become obligated to purchase securities from us and the Republic, if applicable, and they will be obligated to purchase all of the securities if any are purchased. The underwriters may change any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.

If we and the Republic, if a guarantee by the Republic is furnished, sell any securities through agents, the prospectus supplement will identify the agent and indicate any commissions payable by us and the Republic, if applicable. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, all agents will act on a best efforts basis and will not acquire the securities for their own account.

We and the Republic, if a guarantee by the Republic is furnished, may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers by certain specified entities to purchase the securities from us and the Republic, if applicable, at the public offering price set forth in a prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts. The prospectus supplement will set out the conditions of the delayed delivery contracts and the commission receivable by the agents, underwriters or dealers for soliciting the contracts.

We and the Republic, if a guarantee by the Republic is furnished, may offer debt securities as consideration for the purchase of other of our debt securities, either in connection with a publicly announced tender offer or in privately negotiated transactions. The offer may be in addition to or in lieu of sales of debt securities directly or through underwriters or agents.

Agents and underwriters may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribution from us with respect to certain payments which the agents or underwriters may be required to make. Agents and underwriters may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services (including commercial and investment banking services) for, us and the Republic in the ordinary course of business.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of any particular series of debt securities or warrants issued with debt securities will be passed upon for us and any underwriters or agents by United States and Korean counsel identified in the related prospectus supplement.

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES IN THE UNITED STATES

Our authorized agents in the United States are Mr. Kyung-taek Shin, Chief Representative of our New York Representative Office, or Mr. Seho Yang, Senior Representative of our New York Representative Office. The address of our New York Representative Office is 460 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10022. The authorized representative of the Republic in the United States is Mr. Suk-Kwon Na, Financial Attaché, Korean Consulate General in New York, located at 335 East 45th Street, New York, New York 10017.

OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND DOCUMENTS

Our Chairman and President, in his official capacity, has supplied the information set forth under “The Export-Import Bank of Korea” (except for the information set out under “The Export-Import Bank of Korea—Business—Government Support and Supervision”). Such information is stated on his authority.

The Minister of Strategy and Finance of The Republic of Korea, in his official capacity, has supplied the information set out under “The Export-Import Bank of Korea—Business—Government Support and Supervision” and “The Republic of Korea”. Such information is stated on his authority. The documents identified in the portion of this prospectus captioned “The Republic of Korea” as the sources of financial or statistical data are official public documents of the Republic or its agencies and instrumentalities.

EXPERTS

Our separate financial statements as of December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 included in this Prospectus have been audited by Deloitte Anjin LLC, an independent auditor, as stated in their report appearing herein (which report expresses an unqualified opinion on the separate financial statements and includes an explanatory paragraph referring to accounting principles and auditing standards and their application in practice vary among countries). Such separate financial statements are included in reliance upon the report of such auditor given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus includes future expectations, projections or “forward-looking statements”, as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project” and similar words identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements other than statements of historical facts included in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove correct. This prospectus discloses important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations (“Cautionary Statements”). All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the Cautionary Statements.

Factors that could adversely affect the future performance of the Korean economy include:

 

   

continuing difficulties in the housing and financial sectors in the United States and elsewhere and the resulting adverse effects on the global financial markets;

 

   

adverse conditions and volatility in the United States and worldwide credit and financial markets and the general weakness of the global economy;

 

   

financial difficulties and resulting ratings downgrades experienced by the governments of Greece and other countries in Europe;

 

   

adverse changes or volatility in foreign currency reserve levels, commodity prices (including oil prices), exchange rates (including fluctuation of the U.S. dollar or Japanese Yen exchange rates or revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi), interest rates and stock markets;

 

   

substantial decreases in the market prices of Korean real estate;

 

   

increasing delinquencies and credit defaults by consumer and small and medium sized enterprise borrowers;

 

   

declines in consumer confidence and a slowdown in consumer spending;

 

   

adverse developments in the economies of countries that are important export markets for the Republic, such as the United States, Europe, Japan and China, or in emerging market economies in Asia or elsewhere;

 

   

the continued emergence of the Chinese economy, to the extent its benefits (such as increased exports to China) are outweighed by its costs (such as competition in export markets or for foreign investment and the relocation of the manufacturing base from the Republic to China);

 

   

social and labor unrest;

 

   

a decrease in tax revenues and a substantial increase in the Government’s expenditures for fiscal stimulus measures, unemployment compensation and other economic and social programs that, together, would lead to an increased government budget deficit;

 

   

financial problems or lack of progress in the restructuring of Korean conglomerates, other large troubled companies, their suppliers or the financial sector;

 

   

loss of investor confidence arising from corporate accounting irregularities and corporate governance issues at certain Korean conglomerates;

 

   

the economic impact of any pending or future free trade agreements;

 

   

geo-political uncertainty and risk of further attacks by terrorist groups around the world;

 

   

the recurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, or an outbreak of swine or avian flu in Asia and other parts of the world;

 

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deterioration in economic or diplomatic relations between the Republic and its trading partners or allies, including deterioration resulting from trade disputes or disagreements in foreign policy;

 

   

political uncertainty or increasing strife among or within political parties in the Republic;

 

   

hostilities or unrest involving oil producing countries in the Middle East and Northern Africa and any material disruption in the supply of oil or increase in the price of oil;

 

   

the occurrence of severe earthquakes, tsunamis or other natural disasters in Korea and other parts of the world, particularly in trading partners (such as the March 2011 earthquake in Japan, which also resulted in the release of radioactive materials from a nuclear plant that had been damaged by the earthquake); and

 

   

an increase in the level of tension or an outbreak of hostilities between North Korea and the Republic or the United States.

 

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FURTHER INFORMATION

We filed a registration statement with respect to the securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and its related rules and regulations. You can find additional information concerning ourselves and the securities in the registration statement and any pre- or post-effective amendment, including its various exhibits, which may be inspected at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. These filings are also available to the public from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

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HEAD OFFICE OF THE BANK

 

38 Eunhaeng-ro

Yeongdeungpo-gu

Seoul 150-996

Korea

 

FISCAL AGENT AND PRINCIPAL PAYING AGENT

 

The Bank of New York Mellon

Global Finance Americas

101 Barclay St, 7E

New York, NY 10286

 

LEGAL ADVISORS TO THE BANK

 

as to Korean law   as to U.S. law

Kim & Chang

  Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP

Seyang Building

39, Sajik-ro 8-gil, Jongno-gu

Seoul 110-720, Korea

 

c/o 19th Floor, Ferrum Tower

19 Eulji-ro 5-gil, Jung-gu

Seoul 100-210

Korea

 

LEGAL ADVISOR TO THE UNDERWRITER

 

as to U.S. law

 

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

25th Floor, West Tower

Mirae Asset Center 1

26 Eulji-Ro 5-Gil

Jung-Gu, Seoul

Korea

 

AUDITOR OF THE BANK

 

KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

10th Floor, Gangnam Finance Center

737 Yeoksam-dong

Gangnam-gu, Seoul

Korea

 

SINGAPORE LISTING AGENT

 

Shook Lin & Bok LLP

1 Robinson Road

#18-00 AIA Tower

Singapore 048542


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