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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure
Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 differs from the statutory rate due to a full valuation allowance provided against its United States net deferred tax assets, and taxes on foreign income that differ from the U.S. tax rate.

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The Company records deferred tax assets to the extent it believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and recent financial performance. Based upon the Company's review of all positive and negative evidence, including its three year U.S. cumulative pre-tax book loss and taxable loss, it concluded that a full and a partial valuation allowance should continue to be recorded against its U.S. and Canadian net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2018. In certain other foreign jurisdictions, where the Company does not have cumulative losses or other negative evidence, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $0.7 million and $0.8 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. In the future, if the Company determines that it is more likely than not that it will realize its U.S. and Canadian net deferred tax assets, it will reverse the applicable portion of the valuation allowance and recognize an income tax benefit in the period in which such determination is made.

The ending balance for the unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions was approximately $4.7 million at March 31, 2018. The related interest and penalties were $1.1 million and $0.2 million. The uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, that are reasonably possible to decrease in the next twelve months are approximately $0.2 million.

The Company is currently under tax examination in India. The periods under examination in India are the Company's financial years 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2011. The examinations are in various stages of appellate proceedings and all material uncertain tax positions associated with the examination have been taken into account in the ending balance of the unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2018.

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective 2018, the Tax Act reduced the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings.

Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act, the Company made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in its financial statements as of December 31, 2017. As the Company collects and prepares necessary data, and interpret the 2017 Tax Act and any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and other standard-setting bodies, the Company may make adjustments to the provisional amounts. Those adjustments may materially affect the Company’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate in the period in which the adjustments are made. The accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act will be completed later in 2018.