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Product Sales
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Revenues [Abstract]  
Product Sales
Product Sales
Net product sales consist of the following:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Net Product Sales in the United States
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
EYLEA®
 
$
1,021,782

 
$
953,279

 
$
2,997,829

 
$
2,727,132

ARCALYST®
 
3,706

 
4,088

 
11,950

 
12,613

 
 
$
1,025,488

 
$
957,367

 
$
3,009,779

 
$
2,739,745


The Company had product sales to certain customers that accounted for more than 10% of total gross product revenue for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Sales to each of these customers as a percentage of the Company's total gross product revenue are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Besse Medical, a subsidiary of AmerisourceBergen Corporation
 
57
%
 
51
%
 
56
%
 
51
%
McKesson Corporation
 
36
%
 
29
%
 
37
%
 
29
%
Curascript SD Specialty Distribution, a subsidiary of Express Scripts
 
**

 
19
%
 
**

 
19
%
** Sales to Curascript SD Specialty Distribution represented less than 10% of total gross product revenue during the period.

Revenue from product sales is recognized at a point in time when our customer is deemed to have obtained control of the product, which generally occurs upon receipt by our distributors and specialty pharmacies. The Company's written contracts with its customers stipulate product is shipped freight on board destination (FOB destination).
The amount of revenue we recognize varies due to rebates, chargebacks, and discounts provided under governmental and other programs, distribution-related fees, and other sales-related deductions. In order to determine the transaction price, we estimate, utilizing the expected value method, the amount of variable consideration that we will be entitled to. This estimate is based upon contracts with customers and government agencies, statutorily-defined discounts applicable to government-funded programs, historical experience, estimated payer mix, and other relevant factors.
The following table summarizes the provisions, and credits/payments, for these sales-related deductions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
Rebates, Chargebacks, and Discounts
 
Distribution-
Related
Fees
 
Other Sales-
Related
Deductions
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017
$
29,840

 
$
34,142

 
$
21,320

 
$
85,302

Provisions
159,060

 
155,523

 
29,730

 
344,313

Credits/payments
(145,813
)
 
(150,956
)
 
(35,756
)
 
(332,525
)
Balance as of September 30, 2018
$
43,087

 
$
38,709

 
$
15,294

 
$
97,090

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2016
$
12,712

 
$
29,465

 
$
3,674

 
$
45,851

Provisions
121,599

 
140,860

 
33,518

 
295,977

Credits/payments
(108,811
)
 
(136,272
)
 
(21,444
)
 
(266,527
)
Balance as of September 30, 2017
$
25,500

 
$
34,053

 
$
15,748

 
$
75,301


Accruals for chargebacks and discounts are recorded as a direct reduction to accounts receivable. Accruals for rebates, distribution-related fees, and other sales-related deductions are recorded within accrued liabilities.