S-4/A 1 d584649ds4a.htm FORM S-4/A Form S-4/A
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 17, 2013

Registration No. 333-190648

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Amendment No. 1 to

Form S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

PetroQuest Energy, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   1311   72-1440714

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000

Lafayette, Louisiana 70508

(337) 232-7028

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants’ principal executive offices)

 

 

Charles T. Goodson

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

PetroQuest Energy, Inc.

400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000

Lafayette, Louisiana 70508

(337) 232-7028

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Daniel G. Fournerat

Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

PetroQuest Energy, Inc.

400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000

Lafayette, Louisiana 70508

Telephone: (337) 232-7028

Telecopy: (337) 232-0044

 

Robert G. Reedy

E. James Cowen

Porter Hedges LLP

1000 Main, 36th Floor

Houston, Texas 77002

Telephone: (713) 226-6674

Telecopy: (713) 226-6274

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box.  ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨    Accelerated filer   x
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:

Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issue Tender Offer)  ¨

Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer)  ¨

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of

Securities to be Registered

 

Amount

to be

Registered

 

Proposed

Maximum

Offering Price

per Unit(1)

 

Proposed

Maximum
Aggregate

Offering Price(1)

  Amount of
Registration Fee(4)

10% Senior Notes due 2017

  $200,000,000   100%   $200,000,000   $27,280

Guarantees of 10% Senior Notes due 2017(2)

  —     —     —     —  (3)

 

 

(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(f)(2) of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(2) No separate consideration was received for the guarantees. Each subsidiary of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. that is listed below in the Table of Additional Guarantor Registrants has guaranteed the notes being registered.
(3) Pursuant to Rule 457(n), no separate fee for the guarantees is payable because the guarantees relate to other securities that are being registered concurrently.
(4) Previously paid.

 

 

The registrants hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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TABLE OF ADDITIONAL GUARANTOR REGISTRANTS

The following subsidiaries of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. are co-registrants under this registration statement.

 

Name

   Jurisdiction of
Incorporation  or
Organization
     I.R.S.  Employer
Identification
Number
 

PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C.

     Louisiana         72-1292439   

TDC Energy LLC

     Louisiana         30-0297129   

 

* The address for each of the co-registrants is c/o PetroQuest Energy, Inc., 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, Telephone: (337) 232-7028.

The name and address, including zip code, of the agent for service for each of the co-registrants is Charles T. Goodson, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of PetroQuest Energy, Inc., 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508. The telephone number, including area code, of the agent for service for each of the co-registrants is (337) 232-7028.


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 17, 2013

PROSPECTUS

PetroQuest Energy, Inc.

Exchange Offer and Consent Solicitation

$200,000,000 of 10% Senior Notes due 2017

for All Outstanding Unregistered

$200,000,000 of 10% Senior Notes due 2017

 

 

We are offering to exchange up to $200,000,000 aggregate principal amount of our new 10% Senior Notes due 2017, which have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), referred to in this prospectus as the “new notes,” for any and all of our outstanding unregistered 10% Senior Notes due 2017 (originally issued on July 3, 2013), referred to in this prospectus as the “old notes.” We issued the old notes on in a transaction not requiring registration under the Securities Act. We are offering you new notes in exchange for old notes in order to satisfy our contractual obligations from that previous transaction. The terms of the new notes are substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the old notes, except that, among other differences, the new notes are registered under the Securities Act and the transfer restrictions and registrations rights relating to the old notes will not apply to the new notes. The new notes will be issued under a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing our 10% Senior Notes due 2017 issued on August 19, 2010 (the “Existing Notes”) and will constitute one series of notes with the Existing Notes. Following the completion of the exchange offer, the new notes will be governed by the indenture governing the Existing Notes and are expected to have the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as, and to trade fungibly with, the Existing Notes. See “Description of the New Notes—General.” The old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer will continue to be governed by the indenture governing the old notes, but, if the proposed amendments, as defined below, become effective, the holders of any old notes that are not tendered will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the new notes in the exchange offer. The old notes and the new notes collectively are referred to in this prospectus as the “notes.”

Concurrently with the exchange offer, we are also soliciting consents from holders of the old notes to certain amendments to the indenture governing the old notes (the “consent solicitation”) to eliminate or amend substantially all of the restrictive covenants, and modify certain of the events of default and various other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes (collectively, the “proposed amendments”). See “The Proposed Amendments.” Holders may not deliver consents to the proposed amendments without tendering their old notes, and holders may not tender their old notes without delivering the related consents. The tender of old notes pursuant to the exchange offer and consent solicitation will be deemed to automatically constitute delivery of a consent to the proposed amendments with respect to the old notes tendered.

The exchange offer and consent solicitation will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on                     , 2013, which date and time we refer to as the “expiration date,” unless we extend the expiration date, in which case the “expiration date” means the latest date and time to which the exchange offer is extended. We refer to the exchange offer and consent solicitation collectively in this prospectus as the “exchange offer,” unless the context otherwise requires. You should read the section called “The Exchange Offer” for further information on how to exchange your old notes for new notes and deliver consents.

 

 

PLEASE READ “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE 12 FOR A DISCUSSION OF FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE PARTICIPATING IN THE EXCHANGE OFFER.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2013.


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This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the “SEC.” In making your decision whether to participate in the exchange offer, you should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal accompanying this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any other information. If you receive any unauthorized information, you must not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus are accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus or the date of such incorporated documents, as the case may be.

This prospectus incorporates important business and financial information about us from documents that are not included in or delivered with this prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 75. This information is available to holders of the old notes without charge upon written or oral request directed to PetroQuest Energy, Inc., Attention: Daniel G. Fournerat, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, Telephone: (337) 232-7028. To obtain timely delivery of any of our filings, agreements or other documents, you must make your request to us no later than                     , 2013, which is five days before the exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on                     , 2013.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

     1   

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

     3   

RISK FACTORS

     12   

THE EXCHANGE OFFER

     20   

THE PROPOSED AMENDMENTS

     28   

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

     29   

USE OF PROCEEDS

     30   

DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW NOTES

     31   

CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

     77   

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

     78   

LEGAL MATTERS

     80   

EXPERTS

     80   

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

     81   

Each broker-dealer that receives new notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such new notes. The letter of transmittal states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of new notes received in exchange for old notes where such old notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. PetroQuest has agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the expiration date of the exchange offer, it will make this prospectus available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. See “Plan of Distribution.”


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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, amended, which we refer to in this prospectus as the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact included or incorporated by reference in this document are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be found under “Summary,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this document regarding our financial position, business strategy, production and reserve growth, possible or assumed future results of operations, and other plans and objectives for our future operations.

All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of the document containing the applicable statement, and you should not place undue reliance on these statements without also considering the risks and uncertainties associated with these statements and our business that are discussed in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that in making such statements our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected.

Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus, or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “plans,” “likely,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes,” “estimates,” “thinks,” “may,” “seek,” “achievable,” “projects” and similar expressions, are forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this document and in the documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus, could affect the future results of the energy industry in general, and us in particular, and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements:

 

   

our ability to integrate our recently completed acquisitions with our operations and realize the benefits from the acquisitions;

 

   

any unexpected costs or delays in connection with the acquisitions;

 

   

our indebtedness and the significant amount of cash required to service our indebtedness;

 

   

the recent financial crisis and continuing uncertain economic conditions in the United States and globally;

 

   

ceiling test write-downs resulting, and that could result in the future, from lower oil and natural gas prices;

 

   

our ability to obtain adequate financing when the need arises to execute our long-term strategy and to fund our planned capital expenditures;

 

   

limits on our growth and our ability to finance our operations, fund our capital needs and respond to changing conditions imposed by restrictive debt covenants;

 

   

our ability to find, develop, produce and acquire additional oil and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable;

 

   

approximately 45% of our production being exposed to the additional risk of severe weather, including hurricanes and tropical storms, as well as flooding, coastal erosion and sea level rise;

 

   

losses and liabilities from uninsured or underinsured drilling and operating activities;

 

   

our ability to market our oil and natural gas production;

 

   

changes in laws and governmental regulations, increases in insurance costs or decreases in insurance availability, and delays in our offshore exploration and drilling activities that may result from the April 22, 2010 sinking of the Deepwater Horizon and subsequent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico;

 

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competition from larger oil and natural gas companies;

 

   

the likelihood that our actual production, revenues and expenditures related to our reserves will differ from our estimates of proved reserves;

 

   

our ability to identify, execute or efficiently integrate future acquisitions;

 

   

losses or limits on potential gains resulting from hedging production;

 

   

the loss of key management or technical personnel;

 

   

the operating hazards attendant to the oil and gas business;

 

   

governmental regulation and public concerns relating to hydraulic fracturing;

 

   

environmental compliance costs and environmental liabilities;

 

   

the operation and profitability of non-operated properties;

 

   

potential conflicts of interest resulting from ownership of working interests and overriding royalty interests in certain of our properties by our officers and directors; and

 

   

the other factors affecting our business described in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus and elsewhere in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors. For additional information with respect to these factors, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary contains information about us and the exchange offer. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. For a more complete understanding of us and this exchange offer, you should read and consider carefully all of the information in this prospectus, particularly the information set forth under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12, and the financial and other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, “Risk Factors” in our 2012 Annual Report, our First Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report and our Second Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report and the other documents to which we have referred. The term “Issuer” refers to PetroQuest Energy, Inc., the obligor on the old notes and the new notes. In this prospectus, when we use the terms “PetroQuest,” “we,” the “Company,” “our,” or “us,” we mean PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise.

Overview

PetroQuest Energy, Inc. is an independent oil and gas company with primary operations in Oklahoma, Texas and the Gulf Coast Basin. We seek to grow our production, proved reserves, cash flow and earnings at low finding and development costs through a balanced mix of exploration, development and acquisition activities.

PetroQuest Energy, Inc. is a Delaware corporation formed in 1998 whose stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PQ.” Our principal executive offices are located at 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508. Our telephone number is (337) 232-7028.

Risk Factors

Investing in the notes involves substantial risks. You should carefully consider all the information contained in this prospectus prior to participating in the exchange offer. In particular, we urge you to consider carefully the factors set forth under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus, our 2012 Annual Report, our First Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report and our Second Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

The following table sets forth our consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the periods presented:

 

     Year ended December 31,      Six months ended
June  30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
                                        (unaudited)  

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1)

     —           —           3.31         1.10         —           1.64   

 

(1) For purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, fixed charges include interest expense, capitalized interest, and amortization of debt issuance costs. Earnings represent income before income taxes from continuing operations plus fixed charges, less capitalized interest. As a result of non-cash ceiling test writedowns, earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 2008, December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2012, by approximately $163.1 million, $113.5 million and $137.5 million, respectively.

 

 

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The Exchange Offer

On July 3, 2013, we completed the private offering of the old notes in a transaction that was exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements under the Securities Act. Accordingly, the old notes are subject to transfer restrictions. In general, you may not offer or sell the old notes unless either they are registered under the Securities Act or the offer or sale is exempt from or not subject to registration under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.

In connection with the sale of the old notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the old notes. We agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to complete the exchange offer by April 29, 2014. The following is a summary of the exchange offer. Please read the discussion under the heading “The Exchange Offer” for further information regarding the exchange offer and resale of the new notes.

 

Old Notes

On July 3, 2013, we issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 10% Senior Notes due 2017. References to the indenture governing the old notes assume such indenture is amended pursuant to the proposed amendments. The old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer will continue to be governed by the indenture governing the old notes, but, if the proposed amendments become effective, the holders of any old notes that are not tendered will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes. See “The Proposed Amendments.” We refer to the indenture dated as of August 19, 2010 (the “Base Indenture”), among us, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and the Trustee, as supplemented by, and together with, the second supplemental indenture dated as of July 3, 2013, collectively as the indenture governing the old notes.

 

New Notes

The terms of the new notes are substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the old notes, except that the new notes are registered under the Securities Act and will not be subject to restrictions on transfer or provisions relating to additional interest, will bear a different CUSIP and ISIN number than the old notes and will not entitle their holders to registration rights. The new notes will be issued under a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing the Existing Notes and will constitute one series of notes with the Existing Notes. Following completion of the exchange offer, the new notes will be governed by the indenture governing the Existing Notes and are expected to have the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as, and to trade fungibly with, the Existing Notes. We refer to the Base Indenture, as supplemented by, and together with, the first supplemental indenture dated as of August 19, 2010, collectively as the indenture governing the Existing Notes.

 

Exchange Offer

We are offering to exchange up to $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of new notes that have been registered under the Securities Act for an equal amount of the old notes that have not been registered under the Securities Act to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement that we entered into when we issued the old notes in a transaction exempt from registration under the

 

 

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Securities Act. As part of the exchange offer, we are soliciting the consent of holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount outstanding of the old notes necessary to amend certain of the terms of the indenture governing the old notes. The tender of old notes pursuant to the exchange offer and consent solicitation will be deemed to automatically constitute delivery of a consent with respect to the old notes tendered. See “The Exchange Offer—Procedures for Tendering—Deemed Consent by Tender.”

 

Proposed Amendments; Requisite Consents

If adopted, the proposed amendments would delete many of the restrictive covenants and certain events of default in the indenture governing the old notes. The consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the old notes is required in order for the proposed amendments to be adopted. See “The Proposed Amendments.”

 

Consequences of Failure to Exchange the Old Notes

You will continue to hold old notes that remain subject to their existing transfer restrictions if:

 

   

You do not tender your old notes; or

 

   

You tender your old notes and they are not accepted for exchange.

 

  If holders of a majority of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the old notes consent to the proposed amendments by participating in the exchange offer, the proposed amendments will become effective promptly following the exchange offer. As a result of this exit consent and resulting amendments, if a holder does not tender its old notes, its old notes will continue to be governed by the indenture governing the old notes, but such holder will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes. See “The Proposed Amendments.”

 

  In addition, if you do not exchange your old notes in the exchange offer, the existing transfer restrictions will remain in effect and you will no longer be entitled to registration rights. You will not be able to offer or sell the old notes unless they are later registered, sold pursuant to an exemption from registration or sold in a transaction not subject to the Securities Act or state securities laws. Other than in connection with the exchange offer or as specified in the registration rights agreement, we are not obligated to, nor do we currently anticipate that we will, register the old notes under the Securities Act.

 

  The tender of old notes under the exchange offer will reduce the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the old notes. This may have an adverse effect upon, and increase the volatility of, the market price of any old notes that you continue to hold due to a reduction in liquidity. See “The Exchange Offer — Consequences of Failure to Exchange.”

 

 

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Expiration Date

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m. New York City time, on                     , 2013, unless we decide to extend it.

 

Conditions to the Exchange Offer

We will not be required to accept old notes for exchange if the exchange offer would violate applicable law or any applicable interpretation of the staff of the SEC or if any action or proceeding has been instituted or threatened that would impair our ability to proceed with the exchange offer. The exchange offer is not conditioned on any minimum aggregate principal amount of old notes being tendered. The exchange offer is subject to customary conditions, which we may waive in our sole discretion. If we waive a condition, we will waive it for all holders. Please read the section “The Exchange Offer—Conditions to the Exchange Offer” for more information regarding the conditions to the exchange offer.

 

Procedures for Tendering Old Notes

All of the old notes are held in book-entry form through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company, or “DTC.” To participate in the exchange offer, you must follow the automatic tender offer program, or “ATOP,” procedures established by DTC for tendering notes held in book-entry form. The ATOP procedures require that the exchange agent receive, prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer, a computer-generated message known as an “agent’s message” that is transmitted through ATOP, and that DTC confirm that:

 

   

DTC has received instruction to exchange your old notes; and

 

   

You agree to be bound by the terms of the letter of transmittal as though you had signed the letter of transmittal.

 

  See “The Exchange Offer—Procedures for Tendering.”

 

Guaranteed Delivery Procedures

None.

 

Withdrawal Rights

You may withdraw your tender of old notes at any time prior to the expiration date. The withdrawal of a tender of old notes automatically constitutes the withdrawal of the related consent. To withdraw, you must submit a notice of withdrawal to the exchange agent using ATOP procedures before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer. See “The Exchange Offer—Withdrawal of Tenders.”

 

Acceptance of Old Notes and Delivery of New Notes

If you fulfill all conditions required for proper acceptance of old notes, we will accept any and all old notes that you properly tender and do not validly withdraw before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer. We will return any old notes that we do not accept for exchange to you without expense promptly after the expiration date of the exchange offer. We will deliver the new notes promptly after the expiration date of the exchange offer. See “The Exchange Offer—Terms of the Exchange Offer.”

 

 

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Use of Proceeds

We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of new notes in the exchange offer. We are making the exchange offer to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement.

 

Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

The exchange of new notes for old notes in the exchange offer should not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

 

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The Exchange Agent

We have appointed The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as exchange agent for the exchange offer. You should direct questions and requests for assistance and requests for additional copies of this prospectus or of the letter of transmittal to the exchange agent addressed as follows:

 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST COMPANY, N.A.

Delivery by Registered

or Certified Mail:

  

Facsimile Transmissions:

(Eligible Institutions Only)

   Overnight Delivery

Or Regular Mail:

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A.

c/o The Bank of New York Mellon

Corporate Trust Operations— Reorganization Unit

111 Sanders Creek Parkway

East Syracuse, NY 13057

Attn: Dacia Brown-Jones

  

(732) 667-9408

 

To Confirm by Telephone

or for Information Call:

 

(315) 414-3349

   The Bank of New York Mellon
Trust Company, N.A.

c/o The Bank of New York
Mellon

Corporate Trust Operations—
Reorganization Unit

111 Sanders Creek Parkway

East Syracuse, NY 13057

Attn: Dacia Brown-Jones

Terms of the New Notes

The terms of the new notes are substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the old notes, except that the new notes:

 

   

are registered under the Securities Act and therefore will not be subject to restrictions on transfer;

 

   

will not be subject to provisions related to additional interest;

 

   

will bear and different CUSIP and ISIN number than the old notes; and

 

   

will not entitle their holders to registration rights.

In addition, the new notes will be issued under a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing the Existing Notes and will constitute one series of notes with the Existing Notes. Following the completion of the exchange offer, the new notes will be governed by the indenture governing the Existing Notes.

The old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer will continue to be governed by the indenture governing the old notes, but, if the proposed amendments become effective, the holders of any old notes that are not tendered will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes and are expected to have the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as, and to trade fungibly with, the Existing Notes. See “The Proposed Amendments.”

The following summary contains basic information about the new notes and is not intended to be complete. It does not contain all the information that is important to you. For a more complete understanding of the new notes, see “Description of the New Notes.”

 

Issuer

PetroQuest Energy, Inc.

 

Notes Offered

$200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 10% Senior Notes Due 2017.

 

 

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Maturity Date

September 1, 2017.

 

Interest Payments

Interest is payable on the new notes on March 1 and September 1 of each year, with the first payment due on March 1, 2014. Interest will accrue from the last interest payment date on which interest was paid on an old note tendered in exchange for a new note.

 

Optional Redemption

We may, at our option, redeem all or part of the new notes at a make-whole price, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date at any time prior to September 1, 2014.

 

  On or after such date, we may redeem new notes at fixed redemption prices, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, as described under “Description of the New Notes—Optional redemption.”

 

  In addition, prior to September 1, 2013, we may, at our option, redeem up to 35% of the new notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings. See “Description of the New Notes—Optional redemption.”

 

Ranking

The new notes will be our general unsecured, senior obligations. Accordingly, the new notes will rank:

 

   

senior in right of payment to all of our existing and future subordinated indebtedness;

 

   

pari passu in right of payment with any of our existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not by its terms subordinated to the new notes, including our Existing Notes;

 

   

effectively junior to our existing and future secured indebtedness, including indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility, to the extent of the value of our assets constituting collateral securing that indebtedness; and

 

   

structurally subordinate to all future indebtedness and other liabilities (other than indebtedness and liabilities owed to us) of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.

 

Subsidiary Guarantees

The new notes initially will be jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by some of our existing domestic subsidiaries. In the future, the guarantees may be released or terminated under certain circumstances. Each subsidiary guarantee will be a senior unsecured obligation of the subsidiary guarantor and will rank:

 

   

senior in right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of that subsidiary guarantor;

 

   

pari passu in right of payment to all existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness of that subsidiary guarantor, including a subsidiary guarantee under our Existing Notes; and

 

 

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effectively junior to that subsidiary guarantor’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including its guarantee of indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility, to the extent of the value of the assets of such subsidiary guarantor constituting collateral securing that indebtedness.

 

Covenants

The new notes will be issued under a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing the Existing Notes and will constitute one series of notes with the Existing Notes. Following the completion of the exchange offer, the new notes will be governed by the indenture governing the Existing Notes.

 

  The old notes not tendered in the exchange offer will continue to be governed by the indenture governing the old notes, but, if the proposed amendments become effective, the holders of any old notes that are not tendered will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes. See “The Proposed Amendments.”

 

  The indenture that will govern the new notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to:

 

   

incur additional debt;

 

   

make certain investments or pay dividends or distributions on our capital stock or purchase or redeem or retire capital stock;

 

   

sell assets, including capital stock of our restricted subsidiaries;

 

   

restrict dividends or other payments by restricted subsidiaries;

 

   

create liens that secure debt;

 

   

enter into transactions with affiliates; and

 

   

merge or consolidate with another company.

 

  These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions that are described later in this prospectus under the capital “Description of the New Notes—Certain covenants.”

 

Change of Control Offer

If we experience certain kinds of changes of control, we must offer to purchase the new notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. However, in such an event, we might not be able to pay you the required repurchase price for the new notes you present to us because we might not have sufficient funds available at that time, or the terms of our senior secured bank credit facility may prevent us from applying funds to repurchase the notes.

 

No Public Market

We do not intend to list the new notes on any securities exchange or an automated dealer quotation system. In addition, although the initial purchasers of the old notes have informed us that they make a market

 

 

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in the new notes, they are not obligated to do so and they may discontinue market making activities at any time without notice. Accordingly, there can be no assurance as to the development or liquidity of any market for the new notes.

 

Transfer Restrictions

The new notes generally will be freely tradable.

 

Governing Law

The new notes will be governed by New York law.

 

Risk Factors

Please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 herein, beginning on page 18 of our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K, beginning on page 19 of our first quarter 2013 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, beginning on page 23 of our second quarter 2013 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the other information in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein for a discussion of the risk factors you should carefully consider before participating in the exchange offer.

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

You should consider carefully the risk factors and all of the other information included in this prospectus and the documents we have incorporated by reference herein, including those in “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013, and in our Current Reports on Form 8-K, each of which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and other reports and documents that we file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and that are incorporated by reference herein, in evaluating an investment in the new notes. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer, and you could lose part of your investment.

Risks Relating to the Exchange Offer and the New Notes

In order to exchange your old notes for registered new notes that will be issued under the indenture governing the Existing Notes, you will be required to consent to eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants and certain other provisions of the indenture governing the old notes. If you fail to exchange your old notes in the exchange offer and the requisite consents are received, your old notes will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all the restrictive covenants of the indenture governing the old notes, and your old notes will not be fungible with the new notes or the Existing Notes. Liquidity of any market for the non-exchanged old notes will be limited, and you may not be able to sell such non-exchanged old notes.

In connection with the offer to exchange the old notes for new notes that will be issued under the indenture governing the Existing Notes, we are seeking an exit consent from the holders of the old notes to eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes. Holders of the old notes will be required to give such consents in order to exchange their old notes in the exchange offer. If holders of a majority of principal amount outstanding of the old notes consent to the proposed amendments by participating in the exchange offer, the requisite consents will have been received. In that instance, if you do not properly exchange the old notes, the proposed amendments will be effective as to the old notes that are not exchanged. As a result of this exit consent and resulting amendments, holders of outstanding old notes that do not participate in the exchange offer will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes.

Upon consummation of the exchange offer, the new notes and the Existing Notes will constitute a single class of notes under the indenture governing the Existing Notes. Any non-exchanged old notes will remain outstanding under the indenture governing the old notes. If you fail to exchange the old notes in the exchange offer, your old notes will only be fungible with other non-exchanged old notes, and not with the new notes and the Existing Notes. In addition, the liquidity of any market for any old notes not properly exchanged may be limited, and you may not be able to sell such non-exchanged old notes.

If you participate in the exchange offer, upon consummation of the exchange offer, your percentage of class ownership as a holder of the old notes will be diluted.

Upon consummation of the offer, the new notes and the Existing Notes will be treated as a single class of notes for purposes of the indenture governing the Existing Notes. If you participate in the exchange offer, your percentage of class ownership as a holder of the old notes will be diluted by and to the extent of the Existing Notes then outstanding.

 

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If you do not properly tender your old notes, you will continue to hold unregistered old notes and your ability to transfer old notes will be adversely affected.

We will only issue new notes in exchange for old notes that you timely and properly tender. Therefore, you should allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery of the old notes and you should carefully follow the instructions on how to tender your old notes. Neither we nor the exchange agent is required to tell you of any defects or irregularities with respect to your tender of old notes.

If you do not exchange your old notes for new notes pursuant to the exchange offer, the old notes you hold will continue to be subject to the existing transfer restrictions. In general, you may not offer or sell the old notes except under an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. We do not plan to register old notes under the Securities Act unless our registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the old notes requires us to do so. Further, if you continue to hold any old notes after the exchange offer is consummated, you may have trouble selling them because there will be fewer such notes outstanding.

You may find it difficult to sell your new notes.

Although the new notes will be registered under the Securities Act, the new notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Because there is no public market for the new notes, you may not be able to resell them.

We cannot assure you that an active market will develop for the new notes or that any trading market that does develop will be liquid. If an active market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price and liquidity of the new notes may be adversely affected. If a market for the new notes develops, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price. The trading market for the new notes may be adversely affected by:

 

   

changes in the overall market for non-investment grade securities;

 

   

changes in our financial performance or prospects;

 

   

the financial performance or prospects for companies in our industry generally;

 

   

the number of holders of the new notes;

 

   

the interest of securities dealers in making a market for the new notes; and

 

   

prevailing interest rates and general economic conditions.

Historically, the market for non-investment grade debt has been subject to substantial volatility in prices. The market for the new notes, if any, may be subject to similar volatility. Prospective investors in the new notes should be aware that they may be required to bear the financial risks of such investment for an indefinite period of time.

Some holders who exchange their old notes may be deemed to be underwriters.

If you exchange your old notes in the exchange offer for the purpose of participating in a distribution of the new notes, you may be deemed to have received restricted securities and, if so, will be required to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale transaction.

We may note be able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our debt obligations, including the new notes, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, including the new notes.

We expect our earnings and cash flows to vary significantly from year to year due to the cyclical nature of the oil and natural gas industry. As a result, the amount of debt that we can manage in some periods may not be

 

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appropriate for us in other periods. In addition, our future cash flows may be insufficient to meet our debt obligations and commitments, including the new notes. Any insufficiency could negatively impact our business. A range of economic, competitive, business and industry factors will affect our future financial performance and, as a result, our ability to generate cash flows from operations and to pay our debt, including the new notes. Many of these factors, such as oil and gas prices, economic and financial conditions in our industry and the global economy or competitive initiatives of our competitors, are beyond our control.

If we do not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as:

 

   

refinancing or restructuring our debt, including the new notes, or seeking additional debt;

 

   

selling assets;

 

   

reducing or delaying capital investments; or

 

   

seeking to raise additional capital.

However, any alternative financing plans that we undertake, if necessary, may not allow us to meet our debt obligations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, including our obligations under the new notes, or to obtain alternative financing, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and could require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments, including the credit agreement governing our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the Existing Notes and new notes, may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest or principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. In the absence of sufficient cash flows and capital resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to refinance our indebtedness, sell assets or issue equity, or borrow more funds on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

In addition, if we fail to comply with the covenants or other terms of any agreements governing our debt, our lenders will have the right to accelerate the maturity of that debt and foreclose upon the collateral, if any, securing that debt and the lenders under our senior secured bank credit facility could terminate their commitments to loan money.

Realization of any of these factors could adversely affect our financial condition, including force us into bankruptcy or liquidation, which could result in your losing your investment in the new notes.

The new notes and the guarantees will be unsecured and effectively subordinated to our and our subsidiary guarantors’ existing and future secured indebtedness and structurally subordinated to any future indebtedness and other liabilities of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.

The new notes and the guarantees will be general unsecured senior obligations ranking effectively junior in right of payment to all existing and future secured debt of ours and that of each subsidiary guarantor, including obligations under our senior secured bank credit facility to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the debt and will be subordinate in right of payment to any existing or future indebtedness and other liabilities of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. Substantially all of our assets and the assets of the subsidiary guarantors are subject to liens under our senior secured bank credit facility.

 

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As of June 30, 2013, on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the old notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof, the exchange offer for the new notes, and the consummation of the Gulf of Mexico Acquisitions as previously disclosed by us on our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 3, 2013, we would have had $415 million of outstanding senior indebtedness and we would have been able to incur $135 million of secured indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility (subject to the aggregate commitments of the lenders of $150 million then in effect), subject, however, to limitations on incurrence of indebtedness under the indenture governing the new notes and the indenture governing the Existing Notes. As of June 30, 2013, our non-guarantor subsidiaries had no outstanding indebtedness and no other material liabilities.

If we or a subsidiary guarantor is declared bankrupt, becomes insolvent or is liquidated or reorganized, any secured debt of ours, including under our senior secured bank credit facility, or that subsidiary guarantor will be entitled to be paid in full from our assets or the assets of the subsidiary guarantor, as applicable, securing that debt before any payment may be made with respect to the new notes or the affected guarantees. Holders of the new notes will participate ratably in any remaining assets with all holders of our unsecured indebtedness that does not rank junior to the new notes, including all of our other general creditors, based upon the respective amounts owed to each holder or creditor. In any of the foregoing events, there may not be sufficient assets to pay amounts due on the new notes. As a result, holders of the new notes would likely receive less, ratably, than holders of secured indebtedness. It is possible that there will be no assets from which claims of holders of the new notes can be satisfied.

In addition, creditors of current and future subsidiaries that do not guarantee the new notes will have claims, with respect to the assets of those subsidiaries, that rank structurally senior to the new notes. In the event of any distribution or payment of assets of such subsidiaries in any dissolution, winding up, liquidation, reorganization, or other bankruptcy proceeding, the claims of those creditors must be satisfied prior to making any such distribution or payment to us in respect of its direct or indirect equity interests in such subsidiaries.

Our outstanding indebtedness may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business, remain in compliance with debt covenants and make payments on our debt, including the new notes.

The aggregate principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness as of June 30, 2013, on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the old notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof, the exchange offer for the new notes, and the consummation of the Gulf of Mexico Acquisitions as previously disclosed by us on our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 3, 2013, we would have had approximately $415 million of outstanding senior indebtedness and we would have been able to incur $135 million of secured indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility (subject to the aggregate commitments of the lenders of $150 million then in effect), subject, however, to limitations on incurrence of indebtedness under the indenture governing the old notes and the indenture governing the Existing Notes. In addition, we may also incur additional indebtedness in the future. Specifically, our high level of debt could have important consequences for you, including the following:

 

   

it may be more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our outstanding indebtedness, including the new notes offered hereby, any un-exchanged old notes and our Existing Notes, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt agreements, including financial and other restrictive covenants, could result in an event of default under the agreements governing such indebtedness;

 

   

the covenants contained in our debt agreements limit our ability to borrow money in the future for acquisitions, capital expenditures or to meet our operating expenses or other general corporate obligations and may limit our flexibility in operating our business;

 

   

we will need to use a substantial portion of our cash flows to pay interest on our debt, $35 million per year for interest on the Existing Notes and the old notes (prior to completion of the exchange offer) alone, and to pay quarterly dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, on our Series B Preferred Stock of approximately $5.1 million per year, which will reduce the amount of money we have for

 

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operations, capital expenditures, expansion, acquisitions or general corporate or other business activities;

 

   

the amount of our interest expense may increase because certain of our borrowings in the future may be at variable rates of interest, which, if interest rates increase, could result in higher interest expense;

 

   

we may have a higher level of debt than some of our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage;

 

   

we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse developments in our industry or the economy in general, especially extended or further declines in oil and natural gas prices; and

 

   

our debt level could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate.

Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory and other factors. We will not be able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions and governmental regulation. We cannot be certain that our cash flow from operations will be sufficient to allow us to pay the principal and interest on our debt, including the new notes, any un-exchanged old notes and the Existing Notes, and meet our other obligations. If we do not have enough cash to service our debt, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, including the new notes, any un-exchanged old notes and the Existing Notes, sell assets, borrow more money or raise equity. We may not be able to refinance our debt, sell assets, borrow more money or raise equity on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

We may be able to incur substantially more debt. This could exacerbate the risks associated with our indebtedness.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although covenants under the indenture governing the new notes and the Existing Notes will limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be significant.

The holders of any future debt we may incur that ranks equally with the new notes will be entitled to share ratably with the holders of the new notes in any proceeds distributed in connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding-up of us. This may have the effect of reducing the amount of proceeds paid to you.

If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face could intensify. Any of these risks could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, business prospects and ability to satisfy our obligations under the new notes.

Restrictive debt covenants could limit our growth and our ability to finance our operations, fund our capital needs, respond to changing conditions and engage in other business activities that may be in our best interests.

Our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the Existing Notes and the new notes offered hereby contain a number of significant covenants in addition to covenants restricting the incurrence of additional debt. These covenants limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to, among other things:

 

   

pay dividends or distributions on our capital stock or issue preferred stock;

 

   

repurchase, redeem or retire our capital stock or subordinated debt;

 

   

make certain loans and investments;

 

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place restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries to make distributions;

 

   

sell assets, including the capital stock of subsidiaries;

 

   

enter into certain transactions with affiliates;

 

   

create or assume certain liens on our assets;

 

   

enter into sale and leaseback transactions;

 

   

merge or to enter into other business combination transactions;

 

   

enter into transactions that would result in a change of control of us; or

 

   

engage in other corporate activities.

Also, our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the Existing Notes and the new notes offered hereby require us to maintain compliance with specified financial ratios and satisfy certain financial condition tests. Our ability to comply with these ratios and financial condition tests may be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet these ratios and financial condition tests. These financial ratio restrictions and financial condition tests could limit our ability to obtain future financings, make needed capital expenditures, withstand a future downturn in our business or the economy in general or otherwise conduct necessary corporate activities. We may also be prevented from taking advantage of business opportunities that arise because of the limitations that the restrictive covenants under our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the Existing Notes and the new notes impose on us.

A breach of any of these covenants or our inability to comply with the required financial ratios or financial condition tests could result in a default under our senior secured bank credit facility, the Existing Notes and the new notes. A default, if not cured or waived, could result in all indebtedness outstanding under our senior secured bank credit facility, the Existing Notes and the new notes to become immediately due and payable. If that should occur, we may not be able to pay all such debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if new financing were then available, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders could accelerate the maturity of the debt or proceed against any collateral granted to them to secure such defaulted debt. See “Description of the New Notes—Defaults.”

We may not be able to repurchase the new notes upon a change of control.

If we experience certain kinds of changes of control, as defined in the indenture governing the Existing Notes and the new notes, we are required to offer to purchase all of the Existing Notes and new notes then outstanding at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of repurchase. However, in such an event, we might not be able to pay you the required repurchase price for the Existing Notes or new notes you present to us because we might not have sufficient funds available at that time, or the terms of our senior secured bank credit facility or other indebtedness may prevent us from applying funds to repurchase the Existing Notes and new notes. The source of funds for any repurchase required as a result of a change of control will be our available cash or cash generated from our oil and gas operations or other sources, including:

 

   

borrowings under our senior secured bank credit facility or other sources;

 

   

sales of assets; or

 

   

sales of equity.

Sufficient funds may not be available at the time of any change of control to repurchase your Existing Notes or new notes after first repaying any of our senior debt that may exist at the time. In addition, restrictions under our senior secured bank credit facility will not, and restrictions under any future such senior secured credit facilities likely will not, allow such repurchases and we may not be able to have these restrictions waived. Our failure to purchase the Existing Notes or new notes as required under the indenture would result in a default under the indenture governing the Existing Notes and the new notes and a cross default under our senior secured

 

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bank credit facility, each of which could have material adverse consequences for us and the holders of the new notes and Existing Notes. A “change of control” (as defined in the indenture governing the Existing Notes and the new notes) may also be an event of default under our senior secured bank credit facility that would permit the lenders to accelerate the debt outstanding under that credit facility. Finally, using available cash to fund the potential consequences of a change of control may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, which could negatively impact our ability to conduct our business operations.

In published decisions, the Chancery Court of Delaware has raised the possibility that a change of control put right occurring as a result of a failure to have “continuing directors” comprising a majority of a board of directors may be unenforceable on public policy grounds. Therefore, you may not be entitled to receive this protection under the indenture. The term “change of control” is limited to certain specified transactions and may not include other events that might adversely affect our financial condition. Our obligation to repurchase the Existing Notes and new notes upon a change of control would not necessarily afford holders of the Existing Notes or new notes protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, merger or similar transaction involving us. See “Description of the New Notes—Change of Control.”

Holders of the new notes may not be able to determine when a change of control giving rise to their right to have the new notes and Existing Notes repurchased has occurred following a sale of “substantially all” of our assets.

The definition of change of control in the indenture governing the new notes includes a phrase relating to the sale of “all or substantially all” of our assets. There is no precise established definition of the phrase “substantially all” under applicable law. Accordingly, the ability of a holder of new notes to require us to repurchase its new notes as a result of a sale of less than all our assets to another person may be uncertain.

A financial failure by us or our subsidiaries may result in the assets of any or all of those entities becoming subject to the claims of all creditors of those entities.

A financial failure by us or our subsidiaries could affect payment of the new notes if a bankruptcy court were to substantively consolidate us and our subsidiaries. If a bankruptcy court substantively consolidated us and our subsidiaries, the assets of each entity would be subject to the claims of creditors of all entities. This would expose you not only to the usual impairments arising from bankruptcy, but also to potential dilution of the amount ultimately recoverable because of the larger creditor base. Furthermore, forced restructuring of the new notes could occur through the cram-down provision of the bankruptcy code. Under this provision, the new notes could be restructured over your objections as to their general terms, primarily interest rate and maturity.

Federal and state statutes could allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void or subordinate guarantees and require noteholders to return payments received from subsidiary guarantors.

Under the federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, a guarantee of the new notes could be voided, or claims in respect of a guarantee could be subordinated to all other debts of that subsidiary guarantor, if, among other things, the subsidiary guarantor, at the time it incurred the debt evidenced by its guarantee:

 

   

received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the incurrence of such guarantee;

 

   

was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of such incurrence;

 

   

was engaged in a business or transaction for which the subsidiary guarantor’s remaining assets constituted unreasonably small capital; or

 

   

intended to incur, or believed that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature.

 

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In addition, any payment by that subsidiary guarantor pursuant to its guarantee could be voided and required to be returned to the subsidiary guarantor, or to a fund for the benefit of our creditors or the creditors of the subsidiary guarantor. The measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer laws will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer has occurred. Generally, however, a subsidiary guarantor would be considered insolvent if:

 

   

the sum of its debts, including contingent liabilities, was greater than the fair saleable value of all of its assets;

 

   

if the present fair saleable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature; or

 

   

it could not pay its debts as they become due.

On the basis of historical financial information, recent operating history and other factors, we believe that each subsidiary guarantor, after giving effect to its guarantee of the new notes, will not be insolvent, will not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it is engaged and will not have incurred debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. We cannot assure you, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.

Your ability to transfer the new notes may be limited by the absence of an active trading market, and there is no assurance that any active trading market will develop for the new notes.

The old notes have not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be resold by holders thereof unless the old notes are subsequently registered or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. However, we cannot assure you that, even following registration or exchange of the old notes for new notes, that an active trading market for the old notes or the new notes will exist, and we will have no obligation to create such a market. At the time of the private placement of the old notes, the initial purchasers advised us that they intended to make a market in the old notes and, if issued, the new notes. The initial purchasers are not obligated, however, to make a market in the old notes or the new notes, and any market making may be discontinued at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of or trading market for the old notes or the new notes.

The liquidity of any trading market for the new notes and the market price quoted for the new notes will depend upon the number of holders of the new notes, the overall market for high yield securities, our financial performance or prospects or the prospects for companies in our industry generally, the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the new notes and other factors.

 

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THE EXCHANGE OFFER

Participation in the exchange offer is voluntary, and we urge you to carefully consider whether to accept. Please consult your financial and tax advisors in making your own decision on what action to take.

The following contains a summary of the material provisions of the exchange offer and consent solicitation being made pursuant to the registration rights agreement with respect to the old notes, among the issuer, the subsidiary guarantors and the initial purchasers of the old notes, which we refer to as the “registration rights agreement.”

The terms of the new notes are substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the old notes, except that the new notes are registered under the Securities Act and will not be subject to restrictions on transfer or provisions relating to additional interest, will bear a different CUSIP or ISIN number from the old notes and will not entitle their holders to registration rights.

Purpose and Effect of the Exchange Offer

We sold the old notes in a transaction that was exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements under the Securities Act. Accordingly, the old notes are subject to transfer restrictions. In general, you may not offer or sell the old notes unless either they are registered under the Securities Act or the offer or sale is exempt from or not subject to registration under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.

In connection with the sale of the old notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the old notes. In that agreement, we agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to file an exchange offer registration statement after the issue date of the old notes. Now, to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement, we are offering holders of the old notes, who are able to make certain representations described below, the opportunity to exchange their old notes for the new notes in the exchange offer. The new notes will be issued under a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing the Existing Notes and will constitute one series of notes with the Existing Notes. Following completion of the exchange offer, the new notes will be governed by the indenture governing the Existing Notes and are expected to have the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as, and to trade fungibly with, the Existing Notes. The old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer will continue to be governed by the indenture governing the old notes, but, if the proposed amendments become effective, the holders of any old notes that are not tendered will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes.

The exchange offer will be open for a period of at least 20 business days. During the exchange offer period, we will exchange the new notes for all old notes properly surrendered and not withdrawn before the expiration date. The new notes will be registered under the Securities Act, and the transfer restrictions, registration rights and provisions for additional interest relating to the old notes will not apply to the new notes.

If we fail to comply with deadlines for completion of the exchange offer, we will be required to pay additional interest to holders of the old notes.

Based on interpretations of the SEC staff in “no action letters” issued to third parties, we believe that each new note issued under the exchange offer may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by you, the holder of that new note, without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act if:

 

   

you are not our “affiliate,” as defined Rule 405 under the Securities Act;

 

   

you acquire such new notes in the ordinary course of your business; and

 

   

you are not engaged in, and do not intend to engage in, and have no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in, the distribution of new notes.

 

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However, the SEC has not considered the legality of our exchange offer in the context of a “no action letter,” and there can be no assurance that the staff of the SEC would make a similar determination with respect to our exchange offer as it has in other interpretations to other parties.

If you tender in the exchange offer with the intention of participating in any manner in a distribution of the new notes, you:

 

   

cannot rely on these interpretations by the SEC staff; and

 

   

must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with a secondary resale transaction.

Unless an exemption from registration is otherwise available, the resale by any holder intending to distribute new notes should be covered by an effective registration statement under the Securities Act containing the holder’s information required by Item 507 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. This prospectus may be used for an offer to resell, resale or other retransfer of new notes only as specifically described in this prospectus. Failure to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements by a holder subject to these requirements could result in that holder incurring liability for which it is not indemnified by us. With respect to broker-dealers, only those that acquired the old notes for their own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities may participate in the exchange offer. Each broker-dealer that receives new notes for its own account in exchange for old notes, where such old notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and must deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of new notes. We have agreed to make this prospectus available in connection with resales of the new notes by such broker-dealers for up to 180 days from the consummation of the exchange offer. Please read the section captioned “Plan of Distribution” for more details regarding the transfer of new notes.

Terms of the Exchange Offer

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions described in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal, we will accept for exchange any old notes properly tendered and not withdrawn before the expiration date of the exchange offer. The material terms and conditions of the exchange offer are described in this prospectus. We will issue $1,000 principal amount of new notes in exchange for each $1,000 principal amount of old notes surrendered under the exchange offer. Old notes may be tendered only in integral multiples of $1,000. The exchange offer is not conditioned upon any minimum aggregate principal amount of old notes being tendered for exchange.

As of the date of this prospectus, $200.0 million principal amount of old notes are outstanding. This prospectus is being sent to DTC, the sole registered holder of the old notes, as of the date of this prospectus. There will be no fixed record date for determining registered holders of old notes entitled to participate in the exchange offer.

We intend to conduct the exchange offer according to the provisions of the registration rights agreement, the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC. Old notes that are not tendered for exchange in the exchange offer will remain outstanding and continue to accrue interest and will be entitled to the rights and benefits the holders have under the indenture governing the old notes and, if applicable, the registration rights agreement, but, if the proposed amendments become effective, the holders of any old notes that are not tendered will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions contained in the indenture governing the old notes. In addition, these old notes will not be freely tradable. See “—Consequences of Failure to Exchange” below.

We will be deemed to have accepted for exchange properly tendered old notes when we have given oral or written notice of the acceptance to the exchange agent and complied with the applicable provisions of the

 

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registration rights agreement. The exchange agent will act as agent for the tendering holders for the purposes of receiving the new notes from us.

If you tender old notes in the exchange offer, you will not be required to pay brokerage commissions or fees or, subject to the instructions in the letter of transmittal, transfer taxes with respect to the exchange of old notes. We will pay all charges and expenses, other than certain applicable taxes described below, in connection with the exchange offer. It is important that you read the section labeled “—Fees and Expenses” for more details regarding fees and expenses incurred in the exchange offer.

We will return any old notes that we do not accept for exchange for any reason without expense to the tendering holder promptly after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.

Consent Solicitation

We are soliciting consents from holders of the old notes upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the accompanying letter of transmittal. We intend to obtain consents from holders representing a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the old notes.

If consents representing a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the old notes are delivered (and not revoked) prior to the expiration date, we will, subject to consummation of the exchange offer, execute a supplemental indenture to the indenture currently governing the old notes with The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, giving effect to the proposed amendments. See “The Proposed Amendments.” The proposed amendments will be effective as to and bind all old notes that are not exchanged for new notes issued under the indenture governing the Existing Notes at such time as the supplemental indenture has been executed and all conditions precedent to the exchange offer have been satisfied or validly waived and we have irrevocably accepted for exchange in the exchange offer all validly tendered old notes (other than those tendered old notes that have been validly withdrawn), regardless of whether a consent was given in respect of any particular note. Holders may not deliver consents to the proposed amendments without tendering their old notes, and holders may not tender their old notes without delivering the related consents. Holders that tender old notes pursuant to the exchange offer prior to the expiration date will be deemed automatically to have delivered a consent with respect to all such old notes.

Expiration Date

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time on                     , 2013, unless, in our sole discretion, we extend the exchange offer.

Extensions, Delay in Acceptance, Termination or Amendment

We expressly reserve the right, at any time or from time to time, to extend the period of time during which the exchange offer is open. During any extensions, all old notes previously tendered will remain subject to the exchange offer, and we may accept them for exchange.

To extend the exchange offer, we will notify the exchange agent orally or in writing of any extension. We will also make a public announcement of the extension no later than 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled expiration date.

If any of the conditions described below under “—Conditions to the Exchange Offer” have not been satisfied, we reserve the right, in our sole discretion:

 

   

to delay accepting for exchange any old notes;

 

   

to extend the exchange offer; or

 

   

to terminate the exchange offer.

 

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We will give oral or written notice of a delay, extension or termination to the exchange agent. Subject to the terms of the registration rights agreement, we also reserve the right to amend the terms of the exchange offer in any manner.

Any delay in acceptance, extension, termination or amendment will be followed as promptly as practicable by oral or written notice to holders of the old notes. If we amend the exchange offer in a manner we determine to constitute a material change, we will promptly disclose the amendment by means of a prospectus supplement. The supplement will be distributed to holders of the old notes. Depending upon the significance of the amendment and the manner of disclosure to the registered holders, we will extend the exchange offer if the exchange offer would otherwise expire during that period.

Without limiting the manner in which we may choose to make public announcements of any delay in acceptance, extension, termination or amendment of the exchange offer, we will have no obligation to publish, advertise or otherwise communicate any public announcement, other than by making a timely release to an appropriate news agency.

Conditions to the Exchange Offer

Despite any other term of the exchange offer, if in our reasonable judgment, after consulting with counsel, the exchange offer, or the making of any exchange by a holder of old notes, would violate applicable law or any applicable interpretation of the staff of the SEC (due to a change in its current interpretations) or would be impaired by any action or proceeding that has been instituted or threatened in any court or by or before any governmental agency with respect to the exchange offer:

 

   

we will not be required to accept for exchange, or exchange any new notes for, any old notes; and

 

   

we may terminate the exchange offer before accepting any old notes for exchange.

We expressly reserve the right to amend or terminate the exchange offer, and to reject for exchange any old notes not previously accepted for exchange, upon the occurrence of any of the conditions to the exchange offer specified above. We will give oral or written notice of any extension, amendment, nonacceptance or termination to the holders of the old notes as promptly as practicable.

These conditions are for our sole benefit, and we may assert them or waive them in our sole discretion. If we fail at any time to exercise any of these rights, this failure will not mean that we have waived our rights. Each right will be deemed an ongoing right that we may assert at any time or at various times, in each case, prior to the expiration of the exchange offer. In addition, we will not accept for exchange any old notes tendered and will not issue new notes in exchange for any outstanding note, if at that time any stop order has been threatened or is in effect with respect to the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part or the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

Procedures for Tendering

How to Tender Generally

To participate in the exchange offer, you must properly tender your old notes to the exchange agent as described below. We will only issue new notes in exchange for old notes that you timely and properly tender. Therefore, you should allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery of the old notes, and you should follow carefully the instructions on how to tender your old notes. It is your responsibility to properly tender your old notes. We have the right to waive any defects. However, we are not required to waive defects, and neither we nor the exchange agent is required to notify you of any defects in your tender.

If you have any questions or need help in exchanging your old notes, please call the exchange agent whose address and phone number are described in this prospectus.

 

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All of the old notes were issued in book-entry form, and all of the old notes are currently represented by global certificates registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. We have confirmed with DTC that the old notes may be tendered using ATOP. The exchange agent will establish an account with DTC for purposes of the exchange offer promptly after the commencement of the exchange offer, and DTC participants may electronically transmit their acceptance of the exchange offer by causing DTC to transfer their old notes to the exchange agent using the ATOP procedures. In connection with the transfer, DTC will send an “agent’s message” to the exchange agent. The agent’s message will state that DTC has received instructions from the participant to tender old notes and that the participant agrees to be bound by the terms of the letter of transmittal.

By using the ATOP procedures to exchange old notes, you will not be required to deliver a letter of transmittal to the exchange agent. However, you will be bound by its terms just as if you had signed it.

There is no procedure for guaranteed late delivery of the old notes.

Each broker-dealer that receives new notes for its own account in exchange for old notes, where such old notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such new notes. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Determinations Under the Exchange Offer

We will determine in our sole discretion all questions as to the validity, form, eligibility, time of receipt, acceptance of tendered old notes and withdrawal of tendered old notes. Our determination will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any old notes not properly tendered or any old notes our acceptance of which would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the absolute right to waive any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular old notes. If we waive a condition to the exchange offer, we will waive it for all holders. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer, including the letter of transmittal and the instructions thereto, will be final and binding on all parties.

We will not be obligated to accept for exchange the old notes of any holder that has not made or deemed to have made to us:

 

   

the representations described under “—Procedures for Tendering—Your Representations to Us” and in the letter of transmittal; and

 

   

other representations as may be reasonably necessary under applicable SEC rules, regulations or interpretations to make available to us an appropriate form for registration of the new notes under the Securities Act.

Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of old notes must be cured within the time we determine. Neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will be under any duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of old notes, nor will we or those persons incur any liability for failure to give such notification. Tenders of old notes will not be deemed made until any defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. Any old notes received by the exchange agent that are not properly tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be returned by the exchange agent to the tendering holder, unless otherwise provided in the letter of transmittal, as soon as practicable following the expiration date.

When We Will Issue New Notes

In all cases, we will issue new notes for old notes that we have accepted for exchange in the exchange offer only after the exchange agent timely receives:

 

   

a timely book-entry confirmation of the old notes into the exchange agent’s account at DTC; and

 

   

a properly transmitted agent’s message.

 

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Return of Old Notes Not Accepted or Exchanged

If we do not accept any tendered old notes for exchange for any reason described in the terms and conditions of the exchange offer or if old notes are submitted for a greater principal amount than the holder desires to exchange, the unaccepted or nonexchanged old notes will be returned without expense to their tendering holder. Such nonexchanged old notes will be credited to an account maintained with DTC. These actions will occur as promptly as practicable after the rejection of tender or the expiration or termination of the exchange offer, as applicable.

Your Representations to Us

By agreeing to be bound by the letter of transmittal, you will represent to us that, among other things:

 

   

any new notes you receive will be acquired in the ordinary course of your business;

 

   

you have no arrangement or understanding with any person or entity to participate in the distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the old notes or the new notes in violation of the provisions of the Securities Act;

 

   

you are not our “affiliate,” as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act;

 

   

if you are not a broker-dealer, you are not engaged in, and do not intend to engage in, the distribution of the new notes;

 

   

if you are a broker-dealer, you will receive new notes for your own account in exchange for old notes that you acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, and you will deliver a prospectus (or, to the extent permitted by law, make available a prospectus to purchasers) in connection with any resale of such new notes;

 

   

if you are a broker-dealer, you did not purchase the old notes to be exchanged for the new notes from us; and

 

   

you are not acting on behalf of any person who could not truthfully make the foregoing representations.

Deemed Consent by Tender

The tender of old notes pursuant to the exchange offer in accordance with the procedures described above will be deemed to automatically constitute delivery of a consent with respect to the old notes tendered, except as provided herein. All references to procedures for tendering old notes shall include such deemed delivery of consents.

Withdrawal of Tenders

Except as otherwise in this prospectus, you may withdraw your tender at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer. For a withdrawal to be effective, you must comply with the appropriate ATOP procedures. Any notice of withdrawal must specify the name and number of the account at DTC to be credited with withdrawn old notes and otherwise comply with the ATOP procedures.

We will determine all questions as to the validity, form, eligibility and time of receipt of a notice of withdrawal. Our determination shall be final and binding on all parties. We will deem any old notes so withdrawn not to have been validly tendered for exchange for purposes of the exchange offer.

Any old notes that have been tendered for exchange but that are not exchanged for any reason will be credited to an account maintained with DTC for the old notes. This return or crediting will take place as soon as practicable after withdrawal, rejection of tender, expiration or termination of the exchange offer. You may retender properly withdrawn old notes by following the procedures described under “—Procedures for Tendering” above at any time on or prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time on the expiration date of the exchange offer.

 

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Fees and Expenses

We will bear the expenses of soliciting tenders. The principal solicitation is being made by mail, but we may make additional solicitation by telephone, electronically or in person by our officers and regular employees and those of our affiliates.

We have not retained any dealer-manager in connection with the exchange offer and will not make any payments to broker-dealers or others soliciting acceptances of the exchange offer. We will, however, pay the exchange agent reasonable and customary fees for its services and reimburse it for its related reasonable out-of-pocket expenses.

We will pay the cash expenses to be incurred in connection with the exchange offer, including:

 

   

SEC registration fees;

 

   

fees and expenses of the exchange agent and trustee;

 

   

accounting and legal fees and printing costs; and

 

   

related fees and expenses.

Transfer Taxes

We will pay all transfer taxes, if any, applicable to the exchange of old notes under the exchange offer. A tendering holder, however, will be required to pay any transfer taxes, whether imposed on the registered holder or any other person, if a transfer tax is imposed for any reason other than the exchange of old notes under the exchange offer.

Consequences of Failure to Exchange

If you do not exchange your old notes for new notes in the exchange offer, if you tender your old notes but subsequently withdraw them or if you improperly tender your old notes, your old notes will remain outstanding and continue to accrue interest, but will not retain any rights under the registration rights agreement (except in limited circumstances generally involving only the initial purchasers and specified broker-dealers) or accrue additional interest under that agreement. In addition, your notes will remain subject to the existing restrictions on transfer of the old notes. In general, you may not offer or sell the old notes unless they are registered under the Securities Act or the offer or sale is exempt from or not subject to registration under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. Except as required by the registration rights agreement, we do not intend to register resales of the old notes under the Securities Act. Consummation of the exchange offer will fulfill substantially all of our registration obligations with respect to the old notes under the registration rights agreement.

In addition, if you fail to exchange your old notes, the market value of your old notes may be adversely affected because they may be more difficult to sell. The tender of old notes under the exchange offer will reduce the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the old notes. This may have an adverse effect upon, and increase the volatility of, the market price of any old notes that you continue to hold due to a reduction in liquidity.

Accounting Treatment

We will not recognize a gain or loss for accounting purposes upon the consummation of the exchange offer. We will amortize expenses of the exchange offer over the term of the new notes.

 

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Other

Participation in the exchange offer is voluntary, and you should consider carefully whether to accept. You are urged to consult your financial and tax advisors in making your decision on what action to take. In the future, we may seek to acquire untendered old notes in open market or privately negotiated transactions, through subsequent exchange offers or otherwise. We have no present plan to acquire any old notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer or to file a registration statement to permit resales of any untendered old notes, except as required by the registration rights agreement.

 

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THE PROPOSED AMENDMENTS

The old notes have been issued pursuant to the indenture governing the old notes. In general, the proposed amendments would delete in their entirety substantially all of the restrictive covenants and references thereto contained in the indenture governing the old notes and the old notes as well as certain events of default, modify covenants regarding mergers and consolidations, and modify or eliminate certain other provisions, including certain provisions relating to defeasance contained in the indenture governing the old notes and the old notes which would otherwise prevent a defeasance without, among other things, delivery of an opinion of counsel confirming such defeasance does not constitute a taxable event.

The proposed amendments would delete the covenants and certain other provisions listed below and references thereto in their entirety from the indenture governing the old notes, and delete the defined terms and other references related to any such deleted covenants and provisions made irrelevant as a result of the deletion of such covenants and provisions.

 

   

Section 4.02 (SEC Reports)

 

   

Section 4.03 (Limitation on Indebtedness)

 

   

Section 4.04 (Limitation on Restricted Payments)

 

   

Section 4.05 (Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries)

 

   

Section 4.06 (Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock

 

   

Section 4.07 (Limitation on Affiliate Transactions)

 

   

Section 4.08 (Change of Control)

 

   

Section 4.09 (Limitation on Liens)

 

   

Section 4.10 (Limitation on Sale/Leaseback Transactions)

 

   

Section 4.11 (Future Guarantors)

 

   

Section 4.12 (Compliance Certificate)

 

   

Section 4.13 (Further Instruments and Acts)

 

   

Section 5.01 (Merger and Consolidation)—deleting clauses (2), (3), (4), and the immediately following proviso of Section 5.01(a) and deleting clauses (2) and (3) of Section 5.01(b)

 

   

Section 6.01(Events of Default)—deleting clauses (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and (10)

 

   

Section 6.12 (Waivers of Stay or Extension Laws)

 

   

Section 8.02 (Conditions to Defeasance)—deleting clauses (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8).

In addition, the proposed amendments would delete the related provisions set forth in the old notes.

 

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RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

Our consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges for each of the periods indicated are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,      Six months ended
June  30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2011      2012      2013  
                                        (unaudited)  

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1)

     —           —           3.31         1.10         —           1.64   

 

(1) As a result of non-cash ceiling test writedowns, earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 2008, December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2012, by approximately $163.1 million, $113.5 million and $137.5 million, respectively.

For purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, fixed charges include interest expense, capitalized interest, and amortization of debt issuance costs. Earnings represent income before income taxes from continuing operations plus fixed charges, less capitalized interest.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The exchange offer is intended to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the new notes in the exchange offer. In consideration for issuing the new notes as contemplated by this prospectus, we will receive old notes in a like principal amount. The form and terms of the new notes are substantially identical to the form and terms of the old notes, except the new notes do not include certain transfer restrictions, registration rights or provisions for additional interest. Old notes surrendered in exchange for the new notes will be retired and cancelled and will not be reissued. Accordingly, the issuance of the new notes will not result in any change to our outstanding indebtedness.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW NOTES

On July 3, 2013, PetroQuest Energy, Inc. issued $200 million aggregate principal amount of notes (the “Restricted Notes”) under the indenture dated as of August 19, 2010 (the “Base Indenture”), among itself, the Subsidiary Guarantors and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, as supplemented by the second supplemental indenture dated as of July 3, 2013 (together with the Base Indenture, the “July 2013 Indenture”), among itself, the Subsidiary Guarantors and the Trustee. On August 19, 2010, PetroQuest Energy, Inc. issued $150 million aggregate principal amount of notes (the “Existing Notes”) under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture dated as of August 19, 2010 (together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”). We are offering to exchange up to $200 million aggregate principal amount of our new 10% Senior Notes due 2017, which have been registered under the Securities Act (the “New Notes”), for any and all of our outstanding Restricted Notes. The New Notes will be issued under a supplemental indenture to the Indenture and will constitute one series of notes with the Existing Notes. Following the completion of the exchange offer, the New Notes will be governed by the Indenture and are expected to have the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as, and to trade fungibly with, the Existing Notes. We refer to the New Notes and the Existing Notes collectively as the “Notes.”

If holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of Restricted Notes consent to the proposed amendments by participating in the exchange offer, the proposed amendments will become effective promptly following the exchange offer. As a result of this exit consent and resulting amendments, if a holder does not tender its Restricted Notes, its Restricted Notes will continue to be governed by the July 2013 Indenture, but such holder will no longer be entitled to the benefit of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and certain other provisions currently contained in the July 2013 Indenture.

The terms of the New Notes are substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the Restricted Notes, except that the New Notes are registered under the Securities Act and therefore will not contain restrictions on transfer or provisions relating to additional interest, will bear a different CUSIP or ISIN number from the Restricted Notes and will not entitle their holders to registration rights.

Certain terms used in this description are defined under the subheading “—Certain definitions”. In this description, the terms “Company”, “we” and “our” refer only to PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and not to any of its subsidiaries.

The following description is only a summary of the material provisions of the Indenture. We urge you to read the Indenture because it, not this description, defines your rights as holders of these Notes. You may request copies of the Indenture at our address set forth under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information”.

Brief description of the notes

The Notes:

 

   

will be general unsecured obligations of the Company;

 

   

will be pari passu in right of payment with al existing and future unsecured senior Indebtedness of the Company;

 

   

will be senior in right of payment to any future Subordinated Obligations of the Company;

 

   

will be effectively subordinated to all secured Indebtedness of the Company (including our senior secured bank credit facility) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such Indebtedness; and

 

   

will be guaranteed on an unsecured basis by each Subsidiary Guarantor.

 

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Principal, maturity and interest

The Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $150 million of Existing Notes and will issue the New Notes initially with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $200 million. The Company will issue the Notes in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000. The Notes will mature on September 1, 2017. Subject to our compliance with the covenant described under the subheading “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”, we are permitted to issue more Notes in an unlimited amount from time to time under the Indenture (the “Additional Notes”). The Notes and the Additional Notes, if any, will be treated as a single class for all purposes of the Indenture, including waivers, amendments, redemptions and offers to purchase. Unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of the Indenture and this “Description of the New Notes”, references to the Notes include any Additional Notes actually issued.

Interest on the Notes will accrue at the rate of 10% per annum and will be payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1, commencing on March 1, 2011, with respect to the Existing Notes and on September 1, 2013, with respect to the Restricted Notes. We will make each interest payment to the holders of record of these Notes on the immediately preceding February 15 and August 15. We will pay interest on overdue principal at 1% per annum in excess of the above rate and will pay interest on overdue installments of interest at such higher rate to the extent lawful.

Interest on these Notes will accrue from and including August 19, 2010, with respect to the Existing Notes and from and including March 1, 2013, with respect to the New Notes. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.

Optional redemption

Except as set forth below and under “—Change of control”, we will not be entitled to redeem the Notes.

On and after September 1, 2014, we will be entitled at our option to redeem all or a portion of these Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at the redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount on the redemption date), plus accrued interest to the redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the 12-month period commencing on September 1 of the years set forth below:

 

Period    Redemption price  

2014

     105.000

2015

     102.500

2016 and thereafter

     100.000

Prior to September 1, 2013, we will be entitled at our option on one or more occasions to redeem Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any) at a redemption price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) of 110%, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from one or more Equity Offerings; provided, however, that

1. at least 65% of such original aggregate principal amount of Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any) remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of each such redemption (other than Notes held, directly or indirectly, by the Company or its Affiliates); and

2. each such redemption occurs within 120 days after the date of the related Equity Offering.

In addition, prior to September 1, 2014, we will be entitled at our option to redeem the Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any), in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest to, the redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).

 

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Applicable Premium means, with respect to a Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess, if any, of (A) the aggregate present value at such redemption date of (1) the redemption price of such Note on September 1, 2014 (such redemption price being described in the second paragraph in this “—Optional redemption” section, exclusive of any accrued interest) plus (2) all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through September 1, 2014 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

Adjusted Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any redemption date, (i) the yield, under the heading which represents the average for the immediately preceding week, appearing in the most recently published statistical release designated “H.15(519)” or any successor publication which is published weekly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and which establishes yields on actively traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to constant maturity under the caption “Treasury Constant Maturities”, for the maturity corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue (if no maturity is within three months before or after September 1, 2014, yields for the two published maturities most closely corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue shall be determined and the Adjusted Treasury Rate shall be interpolated or extrapolated from such yields on a straight line basis, rounding to the nearest month) or (ii) if such release (or any successor release) is not published during the week preceding the calculation date or does not contain such yields, the rate per year equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for such redemption date, in each case calculated on the third Business Day immediately preceding the redemption date, plus in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii) 0.50%.

Comparable Treasury Issue means the United States Treasury security selected by the Quotation Agent as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the Notes from the redemption date to September 1, 2014, that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate debt securities of a maturity most nearly equal to September 1, 2014.

Comparable Treasury Price means, with respect to any redemption date, if clause (ii) of the Adjusted Treasury Rate is applicable, the average of three, or such lesser number as is obtained by the Trustee, Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for such redemption date.

Quotation Agent means the Reference Treasury Dealer selected by the Company.

Reference Treasury Dealer means J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and its successors and assigns and two other nationally recognized investment banking firms selected by the Company that are primary U.S. Government securities dealers.

Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any redemption date, the average, as determined by the Trustee, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue, expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount, quoted in writing to the Trustee by such Reference Treasury Dealer at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the third Business Day immediately preceding such redemption date.

Selection and notice of redemption

If we are redeeming less than all the Notes at any time, the Trustee will select Notes on a pro rata basis to the extent practicable.

We will redeem Notes of $1,000 or less in whole and not in part. We will cause notices of redemption to be mailed by first-class mail at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address.

 

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If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to that Note will state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. We will issue a new Note in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Note in the name of the holder upon cancelation of the original Note. Notes called for redemption become due and payable on the date fixed for redemption. On and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions of them called for redemption.

Mandatory redemption; offers to purchase; open market purchases

We are not required to make any mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes. However, under certain circumstances, we may be required to offer to purchase Notes as described under the captions “—Change of control” and “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock”. We may at any time and from time to time purchase Notes in the open market or otherwise.

Guarantees

Upon completion of the exchange offer, all the existing subsidiaries of the Company, other than (1) PetroQuest Oil & Gas, L.L.C. (which will be an Unrestricted Subsidiary), (2) Sea Harvester Energy Development, L.L.C. and (3) Pittrans, Inc., will be Subsidiary Guarantors. The Subsidiary Guarantors will jointly and severally guarantee, on a senior unsecured basis, our obligations under these Notes. The obligations of each Subsidiary Guarantor under its Subsidiary Guaranty will be limited as necessary to prevent that Subsidiary Guaranty from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law, although no assurance can be given that a court would give the holder the benefit of such provision. See “Risk Factors—Federal and state statutes could allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void or subordinate guarantees and require noteholders to return payments received from subsidiary guarantors”. PetroQuest Oil & Gas, L.L.C. serves as a nominee that holds legal title to certain oil and gas interests for third parties in which the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries claim no equitable interest. Sea Harvester Energy Development, L.L.C. and Pittrans, Inc. are inactive companies with no operations or assets. The aggregate assets and revenues as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2013, attributable to all subsidiaries of the Company that are not providing guarantees constituted less than 1% of the Company’s consolidated assets and revenues as of and for the period ended such date.

Each Subsidiary Guarantor that makes a payment under its Subsidiary Guaranty will be entitled upon payment in full of all guaranteed obligations under the Indenture to a contribution from each other Subsidiary Guarantor in an amount equal to such other Subsidiary Guarantor’s pro rata portion of such payment based on the respective net assets of all the Subsidiary Guarantors at the time of such payment determined in accordance with GAAP.

If a Subsidiary Guaranty were rendered voidable, it could be subordinated by a court to all other Indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent liabilities) of the applicable Subsidiary Guarantor, and, depending on the amount of such indebtedness, a Subsidiary Guarantor’s liability on its Subsidiary Guaranty could be reduced to zero. See “Risk factors—Federal and state statutes could allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void or subordinate subsidiary guarantees and require noteholders to return payments received from subsidiary guarantors”. If the obligations of a Subsidiary Guarantor were avoided, holders of the Notes would have to look to the assets of any remaining Subsidiary Guarantors for payment. There can be no assurance in that event that such assets would suffice to pay the outstanding principal and interest on the Notes.

 

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Pursuant to the Indenture, (A) a Subsidiary Guarantor may consolidate with, merge with or into, or transfer all or substantially all its assets to any other Person to the extent described below under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation” and (B) the Capital Stock of a Subsidiary Guarantor may be sold or otherwise disposed of to another Person to the extent described below under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock”; provided, however, that in the case of the consolidation, merger or transfer of all or substantially all the assets of such Subsidiary Guarantor, if such other Person is not the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor, such Subsidiary Guarantor’s obligations under its Subsidiary Guaranty must be expressly assumed by such other Person, except that such assumption will not be required in the case of:

1. the sale or other disposition (including by way of consolidation or merger) of a Subsidiary Guarantor, including the sale or disposition of Capital Stock of a Subsidiary Guarantor following which such Subsidiary Guarantor is no longer a Subsidiary; or

2. the sale or disposition of all or substantially all the assets of a Subsidiary Guarantor;

in each case other than to the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company and as permitted by the Indenture and if, in connection therewith, the Company provides an Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee to the effect that the Company will comply with its obligations under the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” in respect of such disposition. Upon any sale or disposition described in clause (1) or (2) above, the obligor on the related Subsidiary Guaranty will be released from its obligations thereunder.

The Subsidiary Guaranty of a Subsidiary Guarantor also will be released:

1. upon the designation of such Subsidiary Guarantor as an Unrestricted Subsidiary;

2. at such time as such Subsidiary Guarantor does not have any Indebtedness outstanding that would have required such Subsidiary Guarantor to enter into a Guaranty Agreement pursuant to the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Future guarantors”; or

3. if we exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant defeasance option as described under “—Defeasance” or if our obligations under the Indenture are satisfied and discharged in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.

Ranking

Senior indebtedness versus Notes

The indebtedness evidenced by the Notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees will be unsecured and will rank pari passu in right of payment to the Senior Indebtedness of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, as the case may be. The Notes will be guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors.

The Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company. Secured debt and other secured obligations of the Company (including obligations with respect to the Credit Agreement) will be effectively senior to the Notes to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt or other obligations. The Credit Agreement is, and is expected to continue to be, secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

As of June 30, 2013, on a consolidated, pro forma basis giving effect to the issuance and sale of the Restricted Notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof, the exchange offer, and the consummation of the Gulf of Mexico Acquisitions as previously disclosed by us on our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 3, 2013, the Company would have had approximately $415 million of total debt, $65 million of which would have been secured, and the Company would have had availability of up to $135 million of additional borrowings under the Credit Agreement (subject to the aggregate commitments of the lenders of $150 million then in effect), subject, however, to limitations on incurrence of indebtedness under the Indenture.

 

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Liabilities of subsidiaries versus Notes

Substantially all of our operations are currently conducted through PetroQuest Energy L.L.C., although in the future our operations could be conducted through our other subsidiaries. As described above under “—Guarantees”, Subsidiary Guarantees may be released under certain circumstances. In addition, our future subsidiaries may not be required to Guarantee the Notes.

Claims of creditors of such non-guarantor subsidiaries, including trade creditors and creditors holding indebtedness or Guarantees issued by such non-guarantor subsidiaries, and claims of preferred stockholders of such non-guarantor subsidiaries generally will have priority with respect to the assets and earnings of such non-guarantor subsidiaries over the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes. Accordingly, the Notes will be effectively subordinated to creditors (including trade creditors) and preferred stockholders, if any, of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.

At June 30, 2013, our non-guarantor subsidiaries had no outstanding Indebtedness and no other material liabilities. Although the Indenture limits the incurrence of Indebtedness and preferred stock by certain of our subsidiaries, such limitation is subject to a number of significant qualifications. Moreover, the Indenture does not impose any limitation on the incurrence by such subsidiaries of liabilities that are not considered Indebtedness under the Indenture. See “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”.

Change of control

Upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each a “Change of Control”), each Holder shall have the right to require that the Company repurchase such Holder’s Notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof on the date of purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date):

1. any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that for purposes of this clause (1) such person shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all shares that any such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company;

2. individuals who on the Issue Date constituted the Board of Directors (together with any new directors whose election by such Board of Directors or whose nomination for election by the shareholders of the Company was approved by a vote of a majority of the directors of the Company then still in office who were either directors on the Issue Date or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors then in office;

3. the adoption by the stockholders of the Company of a plan of liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or

4. the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person or the merger of another Person with or into the Company, or the sale of all or substantially all the assets of the Company (determined on a consolidated basis) to another Person other than a transaction following which (i) in the case of a merger or consolidation transaction, holders of securities that represented 100% of the Voting Stock of the Company immediately prior to such transaction (or other securities into which such securities are converted as part of such merger or consolidation transaction) own directly or indirectly at least a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock of the surviving Person in such merger or consolidation transaction immediately after such transaction and (ii) in the case of a sale of assets transaction, each transferee becomes an obligor in respect of the Notes and a Subsidiary of the transferor of such assets.

 

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Within 30 days following any Change of Control, unless the Company has previously or concurrently exercised its right to redeem all of the Notes as described under “—Optional redemption,” we will mail a notice to each Holder with a copy to the Trustee (the “Change of Control Offer”) stating:

1. that a Change of Control has occurred and that such Holder has the right to require us to purchase such Holder’s Notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof on the date of purchase, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest on the relevant interest payment date (the “Change of Control Payment”)) ;

2. a description of the transaction or transactions giving rise to such Change of Control;

3. the purchase date (which shall be no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed); and

4. the instructions, as determined by us, consistent with the covenant described hereunder, that a Holder must follow in order to have its Notes purchased.

We will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer following a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in the Indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by us and purchases all Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer.

A Change of Control Offer may be made in advance of a Change of Control, and conditioned upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, if a definitive agreement is in place for the Change of Control at the time the Change of Control Offer is made.

We will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of Notes as a result of a Change of Control. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions of the covenant described hereunder, we will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached our obligations under the covenant described hereunder by virtue of our compliance with such securities laws or regulations.

The Change of Control purchase feature of the Notes may in certain circumstances make more difficult or discourage a sale or takeover of the Company and, thus, the removal of incumbent management. The Change of Control purchase feature is a result of negotiations between the Company and the underwriters with respect to the Existing Notes and the initial purchasers with respect to the New Notes. We have no present intention to engage in a transaction involving a Change of Control, although it is possible that we could decide to do so in the future. Subject to the limitations discussed below, we could, in the future, enter into certain transactions, including acquisitions, refinancings or other recapitalizations, that would not constitute a Change of Control under the Indenture, but that could increase the amount of Indebtedness outstanding at such time or otherwise affect our capital structure or credit ratings. Restrictions on our ability to Incur additional Indebtedness are contained in the covenants described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”, “—Limitation on liens” and “—Limitation on sale/leaseback transactions”. Such restrictions can only be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. Except for the limitations contained in such covenants, however, the Indenture will not contain any covenants or provisions that may afford holders of the Notes protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction.

Our existing senior secured bank credit facility contains, and any future Indebtedness that we may incur may contain, prohibitions on the occurrence of certain events that would constitute a Change of Control or require the repurchase of such Indebtedness upon a Change of Control. Moreover, the exercise by the Holders of their right to require us to repurchase their Notes could cause a default under such Indebtedness, even if the Change of Control itself does not, due to the financial effect such repurchase would have on us. Finally, our ability to pay

 

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cash to the holders of Notes following the occurrence of a Change of Control may be limited by our then existing financial resources. There can be no assurance that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any required repurchases.

In the event a Change of Control occurs at a time when we are prohibited from purchasing Notes, we may seek the consent of our lenders to the purchase of Notes or may attempt to refinance the Indebtedness that contains such prohibition. If we do not obtain such a consent or repay such borrowings, we will remain prohibited from purchasing Notes. In such case, our failure to offer to purchase Notes would constitute a Default under the Indenture, which would, in turn, constitute a default under agreements with other lenders, including the Company’s existing Credit Agreement.

If Holders of not less than 90% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes validly tender and do not withdraw such Notes in a Change of Control Offer and the Company, or any third party making a Change of Control Offer in lieu of the Company as described above, purchases all of the Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn by such Holders, the Company will have the right, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice, given not more than 30 days following such purchase pursuant to the Change of Control Offer described above, to redeem all Notes that remain outstanding following such purchase at a redemption price in cash equal to the applicable Change of Control Payment plus, to the extent not included in the Change of Control Payment, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).

The definition of “Change of Control” includes a disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to any Person. Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase “all or substantially all”, there is no precise definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, in certain circumstances there may be a degree of uncertainty as to whether a particular transaction would involve a disposition of “all or substantially all” of the assets of the Company. As a result, it may be unclear as to whether a Change of Control has occurred and whether a holder of Notes may require the Company to make an offer to repurchase the Notes as described above.

Recent Delaware case law has raised the possibility that the obligation of a Delaware corporation to make a change of control tender offer for its debt that occurs as a result of a failure of the corporation to have “continuing directors” compose a majority of a board of directors may be unenforceable on public policy grounds under Delaware law. Additionally, recent Delaware case law suggests that, in the event that incumbent directors are replaced as a result of a contested election, issuers may nevertheless avoid triggering a change of control under a clause similar to clause (2) of the definition of “Change of Control” under the caption “—Change of control”, if the outgoing directors were to approve the new directors for the purpose of such change of control clause.

The provisions under the Indenture relative to our obligation to make an offer to repurchase the Notes as a result of a Change of Control may be waived or modified with the written consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes.

Certain covenants

The Indenture contains covenants including, among others, the following:

Limitation on indebtedness

(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, Incur, directly or indirectly, any Indebtedness; provided, however, that the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors will be entitled to Incur Indebtedness if, on the date of such Incurrence and after giving effect thereto on a pro forma basis the Consolidated Coverage Ratio exceeds 2.5 to 1.

 

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(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph (a), the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries will be entitled to Incur any or all of the following Indebtedness:

1. Indebtedness Incurred by the Company and Subsidiary Guarantors pursuant to any Credit Agreement; provided, however, that, immediately after giving effect to any such Incurrence, the aggregate amount of all Indebtedness Incurred under this clause (1) and then outstanding does not exceed the greater of (A) $100.0 million less the sum of all principal payments after the Issue Date with respect to such Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) (3) (A) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” and (B) 30% of ACNTA;

2. Indebtedness owed to and held by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of any Capital Stock which results in any such Restricted Subsidiary ceasing to be a Restricted Subsidiary or any subsequent transfer of such Indebtedness (other than to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute the Incurrence of such Indebtedness by the obligor thereon, (B) if the Company is the obligor on such Indebtedness and the holder of such Indebtedness is neither the Company nor a Subsidiary Guarantor, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated in right of payment to all obligations with respect to the Notes, and (C) if a Subsidiary Guarantor is the obligor on such Indebtedness and the holder of such Indebtedness is neither the Company nor a Subsidiary Guarantor, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated in right of payment to all obligations of such Subsidiary Guarantor with respect to its Subsidiary Guaranty; provided further, however, that nothing in the foregoing clauses (B) or (C) shall prohibit the repayment of such Indebtedness at maturity or otherwise in compliance with the terms of the Indenture;

3. the Notes (other than any Additional Notes);

4. Indebtedness outstanding on the Issue Date (other than Indebtedness described in clause (1), (2) or (3) of this covenant);

5. Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary Incurred and outstanding on or prior to the date on which such Subsidiary was acquired by the Company (other than Indebtedness Incurred in connection with, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Subsidiary became a Subsidiary or was acquired by the Company); provided, however, that on the date of such acquisition and after giving pro forma effect thereto and any related financing transactions, either (A) the Company would have been entitled to Incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of this covenant or (B) the Consolidated Coverage Ratio is equal to or greater than the Consolidated Coverage Ratio immediately before such transaction;

6. Refinancing Indebtedness in respect of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to paragraph (a) or pursuant to clause (3), (4) or (5) or this clause (6); provided, however, that to the extent such Refinancing Indebtedness directly or indirectly Refinances Indebtedness of a Subsidiary Incurred pursuant to clause (5), such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be Incurred only by such Subsidiary, by the Company or by the Company and such Subsidiary;

7. Hedging Obligations consisting of Interest Rate Agreements directly related to Indebtedness permitted to be Incurred by the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to the Indenture;

8. Hedging Obligations consisting of Oil and Gas Hedging Contracts and Currency Agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of limiting risks that arise in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;

9. obligations in respect of completion, performance, bid and surety bonds and completion guarantees, insurance obligations or bonds and other similar bonds and obligations provided by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business or letters of credit providing support for any such bonds, guarantees or obligations;

10. Capital Lease Obligations and other purchase money Indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding of not to exceed the greater of (A) $10 million and (B) 2.5% of ACNTA;

 

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11. Non-Recourse Purchase Money Indebtedness;

12. Indebtedness arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that such Indebtedness is extinguished promptly following its Incurrence;

13. Indebtedness consisting of the Subsidiary Guaranty of a Subsidiary Guarantor and any Guarantee by the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to clause (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) or (10) or pursuant to clause (6) to the extent the Refinancing Indebtedness Incurred thereunder directly or indirectly Refinances Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to paragraph (a) or pursuant to clause (3) or (4);

14. in-kind obligations relating to oil and gas balancing obligations arising in the ordinary course of business; and

15. Indebtedness of the Company or of any of its Subsidiary Guarantors in an aggregate principal amount which, when taken together with all other Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiary Guarantors outstanding on the date of such Incurrence (other than Indebtedness permitted by clauses (1) through (14) above or paragraph (a)) does not exceed the greater of (A) $20.0 million and (B) 5.0% of ACNTA.

(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph (b), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary Guarantor will Incur any Indebtedness pursuant to the foregoing paragraph (b) if the proceeds thereof are used, directly or indirectly, to Refinance any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor unless such Indebtedness shall be subordinated to the Notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guaranty to at least the same extent as such Subordinated Obligations.

(d) For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant:

1. in the event an item of Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Indebtedness described in the paragraphs (a) or (b) of this covenant, the Company, in its sole discretion, will be permitted to divide and classify such item of Indebtedness on the date of Incurrence and, subject to clause (2) below may later classify, reclassify or redivide all or a portion of such item of Indebtedness, in any manner that complies with this covenant; and

2. any Indebtedness remaining outstanding under the Credit Agreement after the application of the net proceeds from the sale of the Existing Notes on the Issue Date will be treated as Incurred on the Issue Date under clause (1) of paragraph (b) above.

Limitation on restricted payments

(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to make a Restricted Payment if at the time the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary makes such Restricted Payment:

1. a Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or would result therefrom);

2. the Company is not entitled to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness”; or

3. the aggregate amount of such Restricted Payment and all other Restricted Payments since the Issue Date would exceed the sum of (without duplication):

(A) 50% of the Consolidated Net Income accrued during the period (treated as one accounting period) from July 1, 2010 to the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company are available at the time of determination (or, in case such Consolidated Net Income shall be a deficit, minus 100% of such deficit); plus

(B) 100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds and 100% of the Fair Market Value of securities or other property other than cash (including Capital Stock of Persons engaged in the Oil and Gas Business

 

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that become Restricted Subsidiaries or assets used in the Oil and Gas Business) received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary subsequent to the Issue Date from the issue or sale of Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock), other than Capital Stock sold to a Subsidiary of the Company and other than an issuance or sale to an Employee Stock Purchase Plan; plus

(C) 100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company subsequent to the Issue Date from the issue or sale of any Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock) to an Employee Stock Purchase Plan; provided, however, that if an Employee Stock Purchase Plan Incurs any Indebtedness to finance the purchase of such Capital Stock, such aggregate amount will be limited to the excess of such Net Cash Proceeds over the amount of such Indebtedness plus an amount equal to any increase in the Consolidated Net Worth of the Company resulting from principal repayments made by an Employee Stock Purchase Plan with respect to such Indebtedness after the Issue Date; plus

(D) the amount by which Indebtedness is reduced on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet upon the conversion or exchange (other than by a Subsidiary of the Company) subsequent to the Issue Date of any Indebtedness convertible or exchangeable for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company (plus the amount of any accrued interest then outstanding on such Indebtedness to the extent the obligation to pay such interest is extinguished less the amount of any cash, or the Fair Market Value of any property, distributed by the Company upon such conversion or exchange); provided, however, that the foregoing amount shall not exceed the Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the sale of such Indebtedness (excluding Net Cash Proceeds from sales to a Subsidiary of the Company or to an Employee Stock Purchase Plan); plus

(E) an amount equal to the sum of (i) the net reduction in the Investments (other than Permitted Investments) made by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in any Person resulting from repurchases, repayments or redemptions of such Investments by such Person, proceeds realized on the sale of such Investment and proceeds representing the return of capital (excluding dividends and distributions), in each case received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, and (ii) to the extent such Person is an Unrestricted Subsidiary, the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of such Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time such Unrestricted Subsidiary is designated a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that to the extent the foregoing sum exceeds, in the case of any such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary, the amount of Investments (excluding Permitted Investments) previously made (and treated as a Restricted Payment) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary, such excess shall not be included in this clause (E) unless the amount represented by such excess has not been and will not be taken into account in one of the foregoing clauses (A)-(D).

(b) The preceding provisions will not prohibit:

1. the making of any Restricted Payment (including a dividend) within 60 days after the date the Company or Restricted Subsidiary became legally or contractually obligated to make such Restricted Payment (including the declaration of a dividend), if at the date of becoming so legally or contractually bound, such Restricted Payment would have complied with the provisions of the Indenture (and such Restricted Payment shall be deemed to be made on the date of becoming so legally or contractually bound for purposes of any calculation required by this covenant); provided, however, that such Restricted Payments shall be included (without duplication) in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments unless otherwise excluded pursuant to clause (2) through (8) below;

2. the making of any Restricted Payment in exchange for, or out of the Net Cash Proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of, Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock); provided, however, that the amount of any such Net Cash Proceeds that are utilized for any such Restricted Payment shall be excluded (A) from clauses (3) (B) and (C) of paragraph (a) above and (B) in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

3. the defeasance, redemption, repurchase, retirement or other acquisition of any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or of any Subsidiary Guarantor with the Net Cash Proceeds from an Incurrence of any

 

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Subordinated Obligations permitted to be Incurred under the caption “—Limitation on indebtedness;” provided, however, that such defeasance, redemption, repurchase, retirement or other acquisition shall be excluded in the calculation of Restricted Payments;

4. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the repurchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Capital Stock of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company held by any employees, former employees, directors or former directors of Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (or heirs, estates or other permitted transferees of such employees or directors) pursuant to any agreements (including employment agreements), management equity subscription agreement or stock option agreements or plans (or amendments thereto), approved by the Board of Directors, under which such individuals purchase or sell or are granted the right to purchase or sell shares of Capital Stock; provided, that the aggregate price paid for all such repurchased, redeemed, acquired or retired Capital Stock shall not exceed $2.0 million in any calendar year (with any unused amounts in any calendar year being carried over to succeeding calendar years); provided further, that such amount in any calendar year may be increased by an amount not to exceed (A) the cash proceeds received by the Company from the sale of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company to members of management or directors of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries that occurs after the Issue Date (to the extent the cash proceeds from the sale of such Capital Stock have not otherwise been applied to the payment of Restricted Payments by virtue of clause (3) of paragraph (a) above), plus (B) the cash proceeds of key man life insurance policies received by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries after the Issue Date, less (C) the amount of any Restricted Payments made after the Issue Date pursuant to clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (4); provided further, however, that such repurchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

5. repurchases or other acquisitions for value of Capital Stock deemed to occur upon the exercise or exchange of stock options, warrants or other convertible securities or upon the vesting of restricted Capital Stock if such Capital Stock represents a portion of the exercise or exchange price thereof or made in lieu of withholding taxes in connection with any such exercise, exchange or vesting; provided, however, that such repurchases or other acquisitions for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

6. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control or an Asset Disposition and within 60 days after the completion of the offer to repurchase the Notes under the covenants described under “—Change of control” or “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” above (including the purchase of all Notes tendered), any purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance, acquisition or other retirement for value of Subordinated Obligations required under the terms thereof as a result of such Change of Control or Asset Disposition at a purchase or redemption price not to exceed 101% of the outstanding principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any; provided, however, that such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance, acquisition or other retirement for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

7. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the purchase by the Company of fractional shares arising out of stock dividends, splits or business combinations; provided, however, that such purchases shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

8. the declaration and payments of dividends on Disqualified Stock issued pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness”; provided, however, that at the time of declaration of such dividend, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or result therefrom); provided further, however, that such dividends shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

9. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the declaration and payment of regularly scheduled dividends paid in cash on the Convertible Preferred Stock in accordance with the certificate of designations as in effect on the Issue Date in an amount not to exceed $5,140,000 in any calendar year; provided, however, that the amount of such dividends shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; or

 

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10. Restricted Payments in an amount not to exceed $10.0 million in the aggregate at any time outstanding; provided, however, that the amount of such Restricted Payments shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments.

The amount of all Restricted Payments (other than cash) shall be the Fair Market Value on the date the Restricted Payment of the asset(s) or securities proposed to be transferred or issued by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, pursuant to the Restricted Payment is made or deemed made.

For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant, if a Restricted Payment meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Restricted Payments described in clauses (1)—(10) above, the Company, in its sole discretion, may divide, order and classify such Restricted Payment in any manner in compliance with this covenant and may later redivide, reorder and reclassify such Restricted Payment in any manner that then complies with this covenant.

In computing Consolidated Net Income under clause (a) (3) (A) above, (1) the Company shall use audited financial statements for the portions of the relevant period for which audited financial statements are available on the date of determination and unaudited financial statements and other current financial data based on the books and records of the Company for the remaining portion of such period and (2) the Company shall be permitted to rely in good faith on the financial statements and other financial data derived from the books and records of the Company that are available on the date of determination.

Limitation on restrictions on distributions from restricted subsidiaries

The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, create or otherwise cause or permit to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to (a) pay dividends or make any other distributions on its Capital Stock to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary or pay any Indebtedness owed to the Company (it being understood that the priority of any Preferred Stock in receiving dividends or liquidating distributions prior to dividends or liquidating distributions being paid on Capital Stock shall not be deemed a restriction on the ability to make distributions on Capital Stock), (b) make any loans or advances to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (it being understood that the subordination of loans or advances made to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary to other Indebtedness Incurred by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary shall not be deemed a restriction on the ability to make loans or advances) or (c) transfer any of its property or assets to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, except:

1. with respect to clauses (a), (b) and (c),

(A) any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement (including the Credit Agreement) in effect at or entered into on the Issue Date;

(B) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to an agreement relating to any Indebtedness Incurred by such Restricted Subsidiary on or prior to the date on which such Restricted Subsidiary was acquired by the Company (other than Indebtedness Incurred as consideration in, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Restricted Subsidiary or was acquired by the Company) and outstanding on such date;

(C) any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement effecting a Refinancing of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to an agreement referred to in clause (A), (B) or (I) of clause (1) of this covenant or this clause (C) or contained in any amendment to an agreement referred to in clause (A), (B) or (I) of clause (1) of this covenant or this clause (C); provided, however, that the encumbrances and restrictions with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary contained in any such refinancing agreement

 

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or amendment are not materially less favorable, taken as a whole, to the Noteholders than encumbrances and restrictions with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary contained in such predecessor agreements;

(D) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary imposed pursuant to an agreement entered into for the sale or disposition of Capital Stock or assets of such Restricted Subsidiary pending the closing of such sale or disposition;

(E) any encumbrance or restriction on the disposition or distribution of assets or property, including cash or other deposits, under agreements entered into in the ordinary course of the Oil and Gas Business of the types described in clause (2) of the definition of Permitted Business Investments;

(F) encumbrances and restrictions contained in contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, not relating to any Indebtedness, and that do not, individually or in the aggregate, detract from the value of, or from the ability of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries to realize the value of, property or assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in any manner material to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary;

(G) customary provisions in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements (in each case relating solely to the respective joint venture or similar entity or the equity interests therein) entered in the ordinary course of business;

(H) restrictions on cash, cash equivalents, Temporary Cash Investments or other deposits or net worth imposed under contracts entered into the ordinary course of business, including such restrictions imposed by customers or insurance, surety or bonding companies; and

(I) encumbrances or restrictions contained in agreements governing Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary permitted to be Incurred pursuant to an agreement entered into subsequent to the Issue Date in accordance with the covenant described under the caption “—Limitation on indebtedness”; provided that the provisions relating to such encumbrance or restriction contained in such Indebtedness are not materially less favorable to the Company taken as a whole, as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith, than the provisions contained in the Credit Agreement or in the Indenture as in effect on the Issue Date.

2. with respect to clause (c) only,

(A) any encumbrance or restriction consisting of customary subletting, nonassignment or transfer provisions in leases, licenses, similar agreements, operating agreements or other agreements customary in the Oil and Gas Business to the extent such provisions restrict the transfer of the lease, license or similar agreement or the property subject thereto;

(B) any encumbrance or restriction contained in security agreements or mortgages securing Indebtedness to the extent such encumbrance or restriction restricts the transfer of the property subject to such security agreements or mortgages; and

(C) pursuant to customary provisions restricting dispositions of real property interests set forth in any reciprocal easement agreements of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.

(D) provisions with respect to the disposition or distribution of assets or property in operating agreements, joint venture agreements, development agreements, area of mutual interest agreements and other agreements that are customary in the Oil and Gas Business and entered into in the ordinary course of business.

 

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Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock

(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, consummate any Asset Disposition unless:

1. the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary receives consideration at the time of such Asset Disposition at least equal to the Fair Market Value of the shares and assets subject to such Asset Disposition;

2. at least 75% of the consideration thereof received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary is in the form of cash or cash equivalents; and

3. an amount equal to 100% of the Net Available Cash from such Asset Disposition is applied by the Company (or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be)

(A) first, to the extent the Company elects (or is required by the terms of any Indebtedness), to prepay, repay, redeem or purchase Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor or any Indebtedness (other than any Disqualified Stock) of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor (in each case other than Indebtedness owed to the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) within one year from the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash;

(B) second, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clause (A), to the extent the Company elects, to acquire Additional Assets or to make capital expenditures in the Oil and Gas Business within one year from the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash; and

(C) third, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clauses (A) and (B), to make an offer to the holders of the Notes (and to holders of other Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor designated by the Company) to purchase Notes (and such other Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor) pursuant to and subject to the conditions contained in the Indenture; provided, however, that in connection with any prepayment, repayment or purchase of Indebtedness pursuant to clause (A) above or this clause (C), the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary shall permanently retire such Indebtedness and shall cause the related loan commitment (if any) to be permanently reduced in an amount equal to the principal amount so prepaid, repaid or purchased.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this covenant, the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries will not be required to apply any Net Available Cash in accordance with this covenant except to the extent that the aggregate Net Available Cash from all Asset Dispositions which is not applied in accordance with this covenant exceeds $10.0 million. Pending application of Net Available Cash pursuant to this covenant, the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries may temporarily reduce Indebtedness or otherwise invest such Net Available Cash in any manner not prohibited by the Indenture.

For the purposes of this covenant, the following are deemed to be cash or cash equivalents:

1. the assumption or discharge of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor (other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock of the Company) or any Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor (other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary) and the release of the Company, Subsidiary Guarantor or such Restricted Subsidiary from all liability on such Indebtedness in connection with such Asset Disposition; and

2. securities received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the transferee that are promptly converted by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash, to the extent of cash received in that conversion.

(b) In the event of an Asset Disposition that requires the purchase of Notes (and other Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor) pursuant to clause (a) (3) (C) above, the Company will purchase

 

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Notes tendered pursuant to an offer by the Company for the Notes (and such other Senior Indebtedness) at a purchase price of 100% of their principal amount (or, in the event such other Senior Indebtedness was issued with significant original issue discount, 100% of the accreted value thereof) without premium, plus accrued but unpaid interest (or, in respect of such other Senior Indebtedness, such lesser price, if any, as may be provided for by the terms of such Senior Indebtedness) in accordance with the procedures (including prorating in the event of oversubscription) set forth in the Indenture. If the aggregate purchase price of the securities tendered exceeds the Net Available Cash allotted to their purchase, the Company will select the securities to be purchased on a pro rata basis but in round denominations, which in the case of the Notes will be denominations of $1,000 principal amount or multiples thereof. The Company shall not be required to make such an offer to purchase Notes pursuant to this covenant if the Net Available Cash available therefor (and for the purchase of such other Senior Indebtedness) is less than $10.0 million (which lesser amount shall be carried forward for purposes of determining whether such an offer is required with respect to the Net Available Cash from any subsequent Asset Disposition). Upon completion of such an offer to purchase, Net Available Cash will be deemed to be reduced by the aggregate amount of such offer.

(c) The requirement of clause (3)(B) of paragraph (a) of this covenant shall be deemed to be satisfied if an agreement (including a lease, whether a capital lease or an operating lease) committing to make the acquisitions or expenditures referred to therein is entered into by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiary within the specified time period and such Net Available Cash is subsequently applied in accordance with such agreement within six months following such agreement.

(d) The Company will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of Notes pursuant to this covenant. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with provisions of this covenant, the Company will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this covenant by virtue of its compliance with such securities laws or regulations.

Limitation on affiliate transactions

(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, enter into or permit to exist any transaction (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property, employee compensation arrangements or the rendering of any service) with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate of the Company (an “Affiliate Transaction”) unless:

1. the terms of the Affiliate Transaction are not materially less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that could reasonably be expected to be obtained at the time of the Affiliate Transaction in arm’s-length dealings with a Person who is not an Affiliate;

2. if such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of $10.0 million, the terms of the Affiliate Transaction are set forth in writing and a majority of the directors of the Company disinterested with respect to such Affiliate Transaction have determined in good faith that the criteria set forth in clause (1) are satisfied and have approved the relevant Affiliate Transaction as evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors; and

3. if such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of $20.0 million, the Board of Directors shall also have received a written opinion from an Independent Qualified Party to the effect that such Affiliate Transaction is fair, from a financial standpoint, to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries or is not materially less favorable to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries than could reasonably be expected to be obtained at the time in an arm’s-length transaction with a Person who was not an Affiliate.

(b) The provisions of the preceding paragraph (a) will not prohibit:

1. any Investment (other than a Permitted Investment) or other Restricted Payment, in each case permitted to be made pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on restricted payments”;

 

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2. any employment agreement or other employee compensation plan or arrangement in existence on the Issue Date or entered into thereafter in the ordinary course of business including any issuance of securities, or other payments, awards or grants in cash, securities or otherwise pursuant to, or the funding of, employment arrangements, stock options and stock ownership plans approved by the Board of Directors;

3. loans or advances to employees in the ordinary course of business in accordance with the past practices of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries, but in any event not to exceed $1.0 million in the aggregate outstanding at any one time;

4. advances to or reimbursements of employees for moving, entertainment and travel expenses, drawing accounts and similar expenditures, in each case in the ordinary course of business of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;

5. the payment of reasonable compensation and fees to directors of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries who are not employees of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries;

6. any transaction with the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary or joint venture or similar entity (excluding an Unrestricted Subsidiary) which would not constitute an Affiliate Transaction but for the Company’s or a Restricted Subsidiary’s ownership of an equity interest in or control of such Restricted Subsidiary, joint venture or similar entity;

7. indemnities of officers, directors and employees of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary consistent with applicable charter, by-law or statutory provisions;

8. the issuance or sale of any Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company or the receipt by the Company of a cash capital contribution from its stockholders;

9. any transaction with an Unrestricted Subsidiary to the extent such transaction is in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries and of such Unrestricted Subsidiary;

10. transactions with customers, clients, suppliers, or purchasers or sellers of goods or services, in each case in the ordinary course of business and otherwise in compliance with the terms of the Indenture, provided that in the reasonable determination of the Board of Directors of the Company or the senior management of the Company, such transactions are on

terms not materially less favorable to the Company or the relevant Restricted Subsidiary than those that could reasonably be expected to be obtained in a comparable transaction at such time on an arm’s-length basis from a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Company;

11. transactions between the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary and any Person, a director of which is also a director of the Company or any director or indirect parent company of the Company, and such director is the sole cause for such Person to be deemed an Affiliate of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such director shall abstain from voting as a director of the Company or such direct or indirect parent company, as the case may be, on any matter involving such other Person; and

12. any transaction with Affiliates pursuant to arrangements in existence on the Issue Date pursuant to which those Affiliates own, or are entitled to acquire, working, overriding royalty or other similar interests in particular properties operated by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or in which any of the Company or one or more Restricted Subsidiaries also own an interest.

Limitation on liens

The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, Incur or permit to exist any Lien (the “Initial Lien”) of any nature whatsoever on any of its properties (including Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary), whether owned at the Issue Date or thereafter acquired, securing any Indebtedness, other than Permitted Liens, without effectively providing that the Notes shall be secured equally and ratably with (or prior to) the obligations so secured for so long as such obligations are so secured.

 

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Any Lien created for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes pursuant to the preceding sentence shall provide by its terms that such Lien shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon the release and discharge of the Initial Lien.

Limitation on sale/leaseback transactions

The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, enter into any Sale/Leaseback Transaction with respect to any property unless:

1. the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary would be entitled to (A) Incur Indebtedness in an amount equal to the Attributable Debt with respect to such Sale/Leaseback Transaction pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness” and (B) create a Lien on such property securing such Attributable Debt without equally and ratably securing the Notes pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on liens”;

2. the net proceeds received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in connection with such Sale/Leaseback Transaction are at least equal to the Fair Market Value of such property; and

3. the Company applies the proceeds of such transaction in compliance with the covenant described under “—Limitation on sale of assets and subsidiary stock”.

Merger and consolidation

(a) The Company will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, directly or indirectly, all or substantially all its assets to, any Person, unless:

1. the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the “Successor Company”) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and the Successor Company (if not the Company) shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental thereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Company under the Notes and the Indenture;

2. immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Successor Company or any Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been Incurred by such Successor Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing;

3. immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction and any related financing transactions, either (A) the Successor Company would be able to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness” or (B) the Consolidated Coverage Ratio of the Successor Company is equal to or greater than the Consolidated Coverage Ratio of the Company immediately before such transaction; and

4. the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indenture (if any) comply with the Indenture;

provided, however, that clause (3) will not be applicable to (A) a Restricted Subsidiary consolidating with, merging into or transferring all or part of its properties and assets to the Company, (B) the Company merging with an Affiliate of the Company solely for the purpose and with the sole effect of reincorporating the Company in another jurisdiction in the United States or (C) as long as PetroQuest L.L.C. is at the time a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, the consolidation or merger of the Company with or into PetroQuest L.L.C. or the transfer of all or part of the properties of the Company to PetroQuest L.L.C. so long as (if the Successor Company is not itself, following the consummation of such transaction, a corporation) a corporation that is a

 

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Subsidiary of PetroQuest L.L.C. shall become a co-obligor of the Notes and shall have confirmed, by an indenture supplemental thereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Company under the Notes and the Indenture.

For purposes of this covenant, the sale, lease, conveyance, assignment, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of one or more Subsidiaries of the Company, which properties and assets, if held by the Company instead of such Subsidiaries, would constitute all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company on a consolidated basis, shall be deemed to be the transfer of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company.

The Successor Company will be the successor to the Company and shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under the Indenture, and the predecessor Company, except in the case of a lease, shall be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Notes.

Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase “all or substantially all,” there is no precise definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, in certain circumstances there may be a degree of uncertainty as to whether a particular transaction would involve “all or substantially all” of the assets of a Person.

(b) The Company will not permit any Subsidiary Guarantor to consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of its assets to any Person unless:

1. the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (if not such Subsidiary) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction under which such Subsidiary was organized or under the laws of the United States of America, or any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such Person (if not such Subsidiary Guarantor) shall expressly assume, by a Guaranty Agreement, all the obligations of such Subsidiary under its Subsidiary Guaranty; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply in the case of a Subsidiary Guarantor (x) that has been, or will be as a result of the subject transaction, disposed of in its entirety to another Person (other than to the Company or an Affiliate of the Company), whether through a merger, consolidation or sale of Capital Stock or assets or (y) that, as a result of the disposition of all or a portion of its Capital Stock, ceases to be a Subsidiary, in both cases, if in connection therewith the Company provides an Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee to the effect that the Company will comply with its obligations under the covenant described under “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” in respect of such disposition;

2. immediately after giving effect to such transaction or transactions, on a pro forma basis (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the resulting, surviving or transferee Person as a result of such transaction as having been issued by such Person at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and

3. the Company delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such Guaranty Agreement complies with the Indenture.

Future guarantors

The Indenture will provide that the Company will cause each domestic Restricted Subsidiary that is not already a Subsidiary Guarantor that (A) guarantees any Indebtedness of the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor or (B) is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary and otherwise Incurs any Indebtedness for borrowed money (other than Indebtedness owed to the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor) in an aggregate principal amount that exceeds $2.0 million, to at the same time, execute and deliver to the Trustee a Guaranty Agreement pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary will Guarantee payment of the Notes on the same terms and conditions as those set forth in the Indenture.

 

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SEC reports

Whether the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act, the Company will file with the SEC (subject to the next sentence) and provide the Trustee and Noteholders with such annual and other reports as are specified in Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and applicable to a U.S. Person subject to such Sections, such reports to be so filed and provided at the times specified for the filings of such reports with respect to an accelerated filer under such Sections and containing all the information, audit reports and exhibits required for such reports. If at any time, the Company is not subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for any reason, the Company will nevertheless continue filing the reports specified in the preceding sentence with the SEC within the time periods required with respect to a non-accelerated filer unless the SEC will not accept such a filing. The Company agrees that it will not take any action for the purpose of causing the SEC not to accept any such filings. If, notwithstanding the foregoing, the SEC will not accept such filings for any reason, the Company will post the reports specified in the preceding sentence on the Company’s website within the time periods with respect to a non-accelerated filer that would apply if the Company was required to file those reports with the SEC. At any time that any of the Company’s Subsidiaries are Unrestricted Subsidiaries, then, unless the operations, assets, liabilities and cash flows of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries are, in aggregate, immaterial, the quarterly and annual financial information required by the preceding paragraph will include a reasonably detailed presentation, either on the face of the financial statements or in the footnotes thereto, and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries separate from the financial condition and results of operations of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Company.

The availability of the foregoing materials on the SEC website or the Company’s website shall be deemed to satisfy the foregoing delivery obligation.

Defaults

Each of the following is an Event of Default:

1. a default in the payment of interest on the Notes when due, continued for 30 days;

2. a default in the payment of principal of any Note when due at its Stated Maturity, upon optional redemption, upon required purchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;

3. the failure by the Company to comply with its obligations under “—Certain Covenants—Merger and consolidation” above;

4. the failure by the Company to comply for 30 days after notice with any of its obligations in the covenants described above under “—Change of control” (other than a failure to purchase Notes) or under “—Certain covenants” under “—Limitation on indebtedness”, “—Limitation on restricted payments”, “—Limitation on restrictions on distributions from restricted subsidiaries”, “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” (other than a failure to purchase Notes), “—Limitation on affiliate transactions”, “—Limitation on liens”, “—Limitation on sale/leaseback transactions” or “—Future guarantors”;

5. the failure by the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor to comply for 60 days (or 120 days in the case of its obligations in the covenant described above under “—Certain covenants—SEC reports”) after notice with its other agreements contained in the Indenture;

6. Indebtedness of the Company, any Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary is not paid within any applicable grace period after final maturity or is accelerated by the holders thereof because of a default and the total amount of such Indebtedness unpaid or accelerated exceeds $10.0 million (the “cross acceleration provision”);

7. certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company, a Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary (the “bankruptcy default provisions”);

 

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8. any judgment or decree for the payment of money in excess of $10.0 million is entered against the Company, a Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary, remains outstanding for a period of 60 consecutive days following such judgment and is not discharged, waived or stayed (the “judgment default provision”); or

9. a Subsidiary Guaranty ceases to be in full force and effect (other than in accordance with the terms of such Subsidiary Guaranty) or a Subsidiary Guarantor denies or disaffirms its obligations under its Subsidiary Guaranty (other than in accordance with the terms of such Subsidiary Guaranty).

However, a default under clauses (4) and (5) will not constitute an Event of Default until the Trustee or the holders of 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes notify the Company of the default and the Company does not cure such default within the time specified after receipt of such notice.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare the principal of and accrued but unpaid interest on all the Notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration, such principal and interest shall be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default under the bankruptcy default provisions occurs and is continuing, the principal of and interest on all the Notes will ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any holders of the Notes. Under certain circumstances, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may rescind any such acceleration with respect to the Notes and its consequences.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default under the cross acceleration provision has occurred and is continuing, such Event of Default and any consequential acceleration (to the extent not in violation of any applicable law or in conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction) shall be automatically rescinded if (i) the Indebtedness that is the subject of such Event of Default under the cross acceleration provision has been repaid or (ii) if the default relating to such Indebtedness is waived by the holders of such Indebtedness or cured, and if such Indebtedness has been accelerated, then the holders thereof have rescinded their declaration of acceleration with respect thereto, and (iii) any other existing Events of Default, except nonpayment of principal, premium or interest on the Notes that became due solely because of the acceleration of the Notes, have been cured and waived.

Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the Trustee, in case an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the Notes unless such holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity or security against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal, premium (if any) or interest when due, no holder of a Note may pursue any remedy with respect to the Indenture or the Notes unless:

1. such holder has previously given the Trustee notice that an Event of Default is continuing;

2. holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes have requested the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

3. such holders have offered the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against any loss, liability or expense;

4. the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt thereof and the offer of security or indemnity; and

5. holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period.

Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes are given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the

 

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Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. The Trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the Indenture or that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of a Note or that would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

If a Default occurs, is continuing and is known to the Trustee, the Trustee must mail to each holder of the Notes notice of the Default within 90 days after it occurs. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, except in the case of a Default involving the payment of principal of or interest on any Note, the Trustee may withhold notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding notice is not opposed to the interest of the holders of the Notes. In addition, we are required to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any Default that occurred during the previous year. We are required to deliver to the Trustee, within 30 days after the Company obtains knowledge of the occurrence thereof, written notice of any event which would constitute certain Defaults, their status and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.

Amendments and waivers

Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture may be amended with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange for the Notes), and any past default or compliance with any provisions may also be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. However, without the consent of each holder of an outstanding Note affected thereby, an amendment or waiver may not:

1. reduce the amount of Notes whose holders must consent to an amendment;

2. reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest on any Note;

3. reduce the principal of or extend the Stated Maturity of any Note;

4. reduce the amount payable upon the redemption of any Note or change the time at which any Note may be redeemed as described under “—Optional redemption” above;

5. make any Note payable in money other than that stated in the Note;

6. impair the right of any holder of the Notes to receive payment of principal of and interest on such holder’s Notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such holder’s Notes;

7. make any change in the amendment or waiver provisions which require each holder’s consent;

8. make any change in the ranking or priority of any Note that would adversely affect the Noteholders; or

9. make any change in, or release other than in accordance with the Indenture, any Subsidiary Guaranty that would adversely affect the Noteholders.

Notwithstanding the preceding, without the consent of any holder of the Notes, the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Trustee may amend the Indenture:

1. to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;

2. to provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of the obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor under the Indenture;

3. to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes (provided that the uncertificated Notes are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code, or in a manner such that the uncertificated Notes are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code);

4. to add Guarantees with respect to the Notes, including any Subsidiary Guarantees, or to secure the Notes;

 

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5. to add to the covenants of the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor for the benefit of the holders of the Notes or to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor;

6. to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of the Notes and any change to conform the Indenture to any terms explicitly described in this “Description of the New Notes”;

7. to comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; or

8. to make any amendment to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the transfer and legending of Notes; provided, however, that (a) compliance with the Indenture as so amended would not result in Notes being transferred in violation of the Securities Act or any other applicable securities law and (b) such amendment does not materially and adversely affect the rights of Holders to transfer Notes.

The consent of the holders of the Notes is not necessary under the Indenture to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment.

After an amendment under the Indenture becomes effective, we are required to mail to holders of the Notes a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all holders of the Notes, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.

Neither the Company nor any Affiliate of the Company may, directly or indirectly, pay or cause to be paid any consideration, whether by way of interest, fee or otherwise, to any Holder for or as an inducement to any consent, waiver or amendment of any of the terms or provisions of the Indenture or the Notes unless such consideration is offered to all Holders and is paid to all Holders that so consent, waive or agree to amend in the time frame set forth in solicitation documents relating to such consent, waiver or agreement.

Transfer

The Notes will be issued in registered form and will be transferable only upon the surrender of the Notes being transferred for registration of transfer. We may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax, assessment or other governmental charge payable in connection with certain transfers and exchanges.

Satisfaction and discharge

When (1) we deliver to the Trustee all outstanding Notes for cancellation, (2) all outstanding Notes have become due and payable, whether at maturity or on a redemption date as a result of the mailing of notice of redemption or (3) all outstanding Notes not theretofore delivered for cancellation will become due and payable within one year at Stated Maturity or as the result of the giving of a notice of redemption and, in the case of clause (2) or clause (3), we irrevocably deposit with the Trustee as trust funds, cash in U.S. dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligation or a combination thereof, in amounts sufficient to pay at maturity or upon

redemption all outstanding Notes, including interest thereon to maturity or such redemption date, and if in either case we pay all other sums payable under the Indenture by us, then the Indenture shall, subject to certain exceptions, cease to be of further effect.

Defeasance

At any time, we may terminate all our obligations under the Notes and the Indenture (“legal defeasance”), except for certain obligations, including those respecting the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of the Notes, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes and to maintain a registrar and paying agent in respect of the Notes.

In addition, at any time we may terminate our obligations under “—Change of control” and under the covenants described under “—Certain covenants” (other than the covenant described under ‘‘—Merger and

 

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consolidation”), the covenant default provisions with respect to such terminated covenants, the operation of the cross acceleration provision, the bankruptcy default provisions with respect to Subsidiary Guarantors and Significant Subsidiaries and the judgment default provision described under “—Defaults” above and the limitations contained in clause (3) of the first paragraph under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation” above (“covenant defeasance”).

We may exercise our legal defeasance option notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option. If we exercise our legal defeasance option, payment of the Notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default with respect thereto. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option, payment of the Notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default specified in clause (4), (6), (7) (with respect only to Significant Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Guarantors), (8) or (9) under “—Defaults” above or because of the failure of the Company to comply with clause (3) of paragraph (a) under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation” above. If we exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant defeasance option, each Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from all of its obligations with respect to its Subsidiary Guaranty.

In order to exercise either of our defeasance options, we must irrevocably deposit in trust (the “defeasance trust”) with the Trustee cash in U.S. dollars or U.S. Government Obligations or a combination thereof for the payment of principal and interest on the Notes to redemption or maturity, as the case may be, and must comply with certain other conditions, including delivery to the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that holders of the Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred (and, in the case of legal defeasance only, such Opinion of Counsel must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or other change in applicable Federal income tax law since the Issue Date).

Concerning the trustee

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. is to be the Trustee under the Indenture. We have appointed the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent with regard to the Notes.

The Indenture contains certain limitations on the rights of the Trustee, should it become a creditor of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor, to obtain payment of claims in certain cases, or to realize on certain property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The Trustee will be permitted to engage in other transactions; provided, however, if it acquires any conflicting interest it must either eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue or resign.

The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee, subject to certain exceptions. If an Event of Default occurs (and is not cured), the Trustee will be required, in the exercise of its power, to use the degree of care of a prudent man in the conduct of his own affairs. Subject to such provisions, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the Indenture at the request of any Holder of Notes, unless such Holder shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense and then only to the extent required by the terms of the Indenture.

No personal liability of directors, officers, employees and stockholders

No director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor will have any liability for any obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes, any Subsidiary Guaranty or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such claims and liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes. Such waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under the U.S. Federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.

 

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Governing law

The Indenture and the Notes will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

Certain definitions

Additional Assets” means:

1. any property, plant or equipment used or useful in a Related Business;

2. the Capital Stock of a Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of the acquisition of such Capital Stock by the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary; or

3. Capital Stock constituting a minority interest in any Person that at such time is a Restricted Subsidiary;

provided, however, that any such Restricted Subsidiary described in clause (2) or (3) above is primarily engaged in a Related Business.

Adjusted Consolidated Net Tangible Assets” or “ACNTA” means (without duplication), as of the date of determination:

(a) the sum of:

1. discounted future net revenue from proved oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines (but giving effect to applicable Oil and Gas Hedging Contracts in place as of the date of determination (whether positive or negative)) before any state, federal, foreign or other income taxes, as estimated by the Company in a reserve report prepared as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financials are available, as increased by, as of the date of determination, the discounted future net revenue calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines (utilizing the prices utilized in such year end reserve report) but giving effect to applicable Oil and Gas Hedging Contracts in place as of the date of determination (whether positive or negative) of:

(A) estimated proved oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries attributable to acquisitions consummated since the date of such reserve report, and

(B) estimated oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries attributable to extensions, discoveries and other additions and upward determinations of estimates of proved oil and gas reserves (including previously estimated development costs incurred during the period and the accretion of discount since the prior period end) due to exploration, development or exploitation, production or other activities which reserves were not reflected in such reserve report;

and decreased by, as of the date of determination, the discounted future net revenue (calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines using prices used in such year-end reserve report) attributable to:

(C) estimated proved oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries reflected in such reserve report produced or disposed of since the date of such reserve report, and

(D) reductions in the estimated oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries reflected in such reserve report since the date of such reserve report attributable to downward determinations of estimates of proved crude oil and natural gas reserves due to exploration, development or exploitation, production or other activities conducted or otherwise occurring since the date of such reserve report;

provided, however, that, in the case of each of the determinations made pursuant to clauses (A) through (D), such increases and decreases shall be estimated by the Company’s engineers in accordance with customary reserve engineering practices;

 

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2. the capitalized costs that are attributable to oil and gas properties of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries to which no proved oil and gas reserves are attributed, based on the Company’s books and records as of a date no earlier than the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company have been made available prior to the date of determination;

3. the Net Working Capital as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company have been made available prior to the date of determination; and

4. the greater of (i) the net book value as of a date no earlier than the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company have been made available prior to the date of determination and (ii) the fair market value, as estimated by the Company, of other tangible assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries as of a date within the immediately preceding twelve months; minus

(b) to the extent not otherwise taken into account in the immediately preceding clause (a), the sum of

1. minority interests;

2. any net gas balancing liabilities of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries reflected in the Company’s latest annual or quarterly balance sheet (to the extent not deducted in calculating Net Working Capital in accordance with clause (a)(3) above of this definition);

3. the discounted future net revenue, as of the effective date of such reserve report, calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines (utilizing the same prices utilized in the Company’s year-end reserve report), attributable to reserves that are required to be delivered to third parties to fully satisfy the obligations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to Volumetric Production Payments on the schedules specified with respect thereto; and

4. the discounted future net revenue, as of the effective date of such reserve report, calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines, attributable to reserves subject to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments that, based on the estimates of production included in determining the discounted future net revenue specified in the immediately preceding clause (a) (1) (utilizing the same prices utilized in the Company’s year-end reserve report), would be necessary to satisfy fully the obligations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments on the schedules specified with respect thereto.

Whether the Company uses the successful efforts method of accounting or the full cost (or similar method) method of accounting, ACNTA will be calculated as if the Company were using the full cost method of accounting.

Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person, directly or indirectly, controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

Asset Disposition” means any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition (or series of related sales, leases, transfers or dispositions) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, including any disposition by means of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction (each referred to for the purposes of this definition as a “disposition”), of:

1. any shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary (other than directors’ qualifying shares or shares required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary);

2. any other assets (other than Capital Stock) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary outside of the ordinary course of business of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary

 

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(other than, in the case of clauses (1) and (2) above,

(A) a disposition by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to a Restricted Subsidiary;

(B) for purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” only, (i) a disposition that constitutes a Restricted Payment (or would constitute a Restricted Payment but for the exclusions from the definition thereof) and that is not prohibited by the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments” and (ii) a disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Company in accordance with the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation”;

(C) any single transaction or series of related transactions that: (a) involves the disposition of assets having a Fair Market Value of less than $7.5 million; or (b) results in Net Available Cash to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries of less than $7.5 million;

(D) the trade or exchange (“Permitted Asset Exchange”) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of any oil and gas lease, oil or gas property or interest therein and any related assets owned or held by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary or the capital stock of a Subsidiary for (a) any oil and gas lease, oil or gas property or interest therein and any related assets owned or held by another Person or (b) the Capital Stock of another Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of such trade or exchange or the Capital Stock of another Person that is a joint venture, partnership or other similar entity, in each case all or substantially all of whose assets consist of crude oil or natural gas properties, including in the case of either of clauses (a) or (b), any cash or cash equivalents necessary in order to achieve an exchange of equivalent value; provided, however, that the value of the property or Capital Stock received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such trade or exchange (including any cash or cash equivalents) is substantially equal to the Fair Market Value of the property (including any cash or cash equivalents so traded or exchanged);

(E) the surrender or waiver of contract rights or the settlement, release or surrender of contract, tort or other claims of any kind;

(F) any Production Payment and Reserve Sale created, issued or assumed in connection with the financing of the acquisition of oil and gas properties that are subject thereto (and within 90 days after such acquisition), so long as the owner or purchaser of such Production Payment and Reserve Sale has recourse solely to such oil and gas properties and to the proceeds thereof, subject to the obligation of the grantor or transferor of such Production Payment and Reserve Sale to operate and maintain the related oil and gas properties in a prudent manner or other customary standard, to deliver the associated production (if required) and to indemnify with respect to environmental, title and other matters customary in the Oil and Gas Business;

(G) any issuance or sale of Capital Stock of the Company;

(H) a disposition of cash or Temporary Cash Investments;

(I) the licensing or sublicensing of intellectual property (including, without limitation, the licensing of seismic data) or other general intangibles and licenses, leases or subleases of other property in the ordinary course of business which do not materially interfere with the business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries; and

(J) the creation of a Lien (but not the sale or other disposition of the property subject to such Lien)).

For the avoidance of doubt, any disposition of oil, natural gas or other hydrocarbons or other mineral products and related equipment or surplus, damaged, unserviceable, worn-out or obsolete equipment; any abandonment, relinquishment, farm-in, farm-out, lease, sub-lease or other disposition of developed or undeveloped or both developed and underdeveloped oil and gas properties; the provision of services, equipment

 

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and other assets for the operation and development of the Company’s and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ oil and natural gas wells (notwithstanding that any such transaction may be recorded as an asset sale in accordance with full cost accounting guidelines); any assignment of a working, overriding royalty or net profits interest to an employee or consultant of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with the generation of prospects or the exploration or development of oil and natural gas projects; and the liquidation of any assets received in settlement of claims owed to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, in each such case in the ordinary course of business of the Company or its Subsidiaries, will not constitute an Asset Disposition.

Attributable Debt” in respect of a Sale/Leaseback Transaction means, as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the interest rate implicit in the Sale/Leaseback Transaction, compounded annually) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such Sale/Leaseback Transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended); provided, however, that if such Sale/Leaseback Transaction results in a Capital Lease Obligation, the amount of Indebtedness represented thereby will be determined in accordance with the definition of “Capital Lease Obligation”.

Average Life” means, as of the date of determination, with respect to any Indebtedness, the quotient obtained by dividing:

1. the sum of the products of the numbers of years from the date of determination to the dates of each successive scheduled principal payment of or redemption or similar payment with respect to such Indebtedness multiplied by the amount of such payment by

2. the sum of all such payments.

Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such Board.

Business Day” means each day which is not a Legal Holiday.

Capital Lease Obligation” means an obligation that is required to be classified and accounted for as a capital lease for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP, and the amount of Indebtedness represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such obligation determined in accordance with GAAP; and the Stated Maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date upon which such lease may be terminated by the lessee without payment of a penalty. For purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on liens”, a Capital Lease Obligation will be deemed to be secured by a Lien on the property being leased.

Capital Stock” of any Person means any and all shares, interests (including partnership interests), rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including any Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.

Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Consolidated Coverage Ratio” as of any date of determination means the ratio of (a) the aggregate amount of EBITDA for the period of the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters prior to the date of such determination for which internal financial statements are available to (b) Consolidated Interest Expense for such four fiscal quarters; provided, however, that:

1. if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has Incurred any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period that remains outstanding or if the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Coverage Ratio is an Incurrence of Indebtedness, or both, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to such Indebtedness as if such Indebtedness had been Incurred on the first day of such period;

 

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2. if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period or if any Indebtedness is to be repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged (in each case other than Indebtedness Incurred under any revolving credit facility unless such Indebtedness has been permanently repaid and the related commitment terminated) on the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Coverage Ratio, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated on a pro forma basis as if such discharge had occurred on the first day of such period and as if the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary had not earned the interest income actually earned during such period in respect of cash or Temporary Cash Investments used to repay, repurchase, defease or otherwise discharge such Indebtedness;

3. if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary shall have made any Asset Disposition, EBITDA for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to EBITDA (if positive) directly attributable to the assets which are the subject of such Asset Disposition for such period, or increased by an amount equal to EBITDA (if negative), directly attributable thereto for such period and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Consolidated Interest Expense directly attributable to any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged with respect to the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such Asset Disposition for such period (or, if the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary is sold, the Consolidated Interest Expense for such period directly attributable to the Indebtedness of such Restricted Subsidiary to the extent the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries are no longer liable for such Indebtedness after such sale);

4. if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (by merger or otherwise) shall have made an Investment in any Restricted Subsidiary (or any Person which becomes a Restricted Subsidiary) or an acquisition of assets, including any acquisition of assets occurring in connection with a transaction requiring a calculation to be made hereunder, which constitutes producing oil and gas properties or all or substantially all of an operating unit of a business, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto (including the Incurrence of any Indebtedness) as if such Investment or acquisition had occurred on the first day of such period; and

5. if since the beginning of such period any Person (that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged with or into the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary since the beginning of such period) shall have made any Asset Disposition, any Investment or acquisition of assets that would have required an adjustment pursuant to clause (3) or (4) above if made by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary during such period, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such Asset Disposition, Investment or acquisition had occurred on the first day of such period.

For purposes of this definition, whenever pro forma effect is to be given to an acquisition of assets, the amount of income or earnings relating thereto and the amount of Consolidated Interest Expense associated with any Indebtedness Incurred in connection therewith, the pro forma calculations shall be determined in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting Officer of the Company; including any reasonably identifiable and factually supportable pro forma changes to EBITDA, including any pro forma expenses and costs reductions, that have occurred or in the judgment of such officer are reasonably expected to occur within 12 months of the date of the applicable transaction (regardless of whether such expense or cost reduction or any other operating improvements could then be reflected properly in pro forma financial statements prepared in accordance with Regulation S-X under the Securities Act or any other regulation or policy of the SEC). If any Indebtedness bears a floating rate of interest and is being given pro forma effect, the interest on such Indebtedness shall be calculated as if the rate in effect on the date of determination had been the applicable rate for the entire period (taking into account any Interest Rate Agreement applicable to such Indebtedness if such Interest Rate Agreement has a remaining term in excess of 12 months). If any Indebtedness that is being given pro forma effect bears an interest rate at the option of the Company, the interest rate shall be calculated by applying such optional rate chosen by the Company. Interest on Indebtedness that may optionally be determined at an interest rate based upon a factor

 

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of a prime or similar rate, a Eurocurrency interbank offered rate, or other rate, shall be deemed to have been based upon the rate actually chosen, or, if none, then based upon such optional rate chosen as the Company may designate.

If any Indebtedness is Incurred under a revolving credit facility and is being given pro forma effect, the interest on such Indebtedness shall be calculated based on the average daily balance of such Indebtedness for the four fiscal quarters or such shorter period for which such facility was outstanding or if such revolving credit facility was created after the end of such four fiscal quarters, the average daily balance of such Indebtedness during the period from the date of creation of such revolving credit facility to the date of such calculation, in each case, provided that such average daily balance shall take into account any repayment of Indebtedness under such revolving credit facility as provided under clause (2) above.

Consolidated Interest Expense” means, for any period, the total interest expense of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries, plus, to the extent not included in such total interest expense, and to the extent incurred by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries, without duplication:

1. interest expense attributable to Capital Lease Obligations;

2. amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost;

3. capitalized interest;

4. non-cash interest expense;

5. commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit and bankers’ acceptance financing;

6. net payments pursuant to Interest Rate Agreements;

7. dividends accrued in respect of all Disqualified Stock of the Company and all Preferred Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary, in each case held by Persons other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary (other than dividends payable solely in Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company); provided, however, that such dividends will be multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is one minus the effective combined tax rate of the issuer of such Preferred Stock (expressed as a decimal) for such period (as estimated by the chief financial or accounting Officer of the Company in good faith);

8. interest incurred in connection with Investments in discontinued operations;

9. interest accruing on any Indebtedness of any other Person to the extent such Indebtedness is Guaranteed by (or secured by the assets of) the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; and

10. the cash contributions to any employee stock ownership plan or similar trust to the extent such contributions are used by such plan or trust to pay interest or fees to any Person (other than the Company) in connection with Indebtedness Incurred by such plan or trust,

minus, to the extent included above, write-off of deferred financing costs (and interest) attributable to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments.

Consolidated Net Income” means, for any period, the net income of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries; provided, however, that there shall not be included in such Consolidated Net Income:

1. any net income of any Person (other than the Company) if such Person is not a Restricted Subsidiary, except that:

(A) subject to the exclusion contained in clause (4) below, the Company’s equity in the net income of any such Person for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash actually distributed by such Person during or with respect to such period to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in the case of a dividend or other distribution paid to a Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitations contained in clause (3) below); and

 

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(B) the Company’s equity in a net loss of any such Person for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income to the extent such loss has been funded with cash from the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary during such period;

2. any net income (or loss) of any Person acquired by the Company or a Subsidiary in a pooling of interests transaction (or any transaction accounted for in a manner similar to a pooling of interests) for any period prior to the date of such acquisition;

3. any net income of any Restricted Subsidiary if such Restricted Subsidiary is subject to restrictions, directly or indirectly, on the payment of dividends or the making of distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to the Company, except that:

(A) subject to the exclusion contained in clause (4) below, the Company’s equity in the net income of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash that could have been distributed by such Restricted Subsidiary during such period to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in the case of a dividend or other distribution paid to another Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitation contained in this clause); and

(B) the Company’s equity in a net loss of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income;

4. any gain (or loss), together with any provision for taxes related to such gain (or loss), realized upon the sale or other disposition of any assets of the Company, its consolidated Subsidiaries or any other Person (including pursuant to any sale-and-leaseback arrangement) which is not sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business and any gain (or loss) together with any provision for taxes related to such gain (or loss), realized upon the sale or other disposition of any Capital Stock of any Person;

5. any unrealized non-cash gains or losses or charges in respect of hedge or non-hedge derivatives (including those resulting from the application of FAS 133);

6. any non-cash compensation charge arising from any grant of stock, stock options or other equity based awards;

7. extraordinary or non-recurring gains or losses, together with any provision for taxes related to such extraordinary or non-recurring gains or losses;

8. the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles;

9. any “ceiling limitation” on oil and gas properties or other asset impairment writedowns under GAAP or SEC guidelines; and

10. any after-tax effect of income (loss) from the early extinguishment of Indebtedness,

in each case, for such period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments” only, there shall be excluded from Consolidated Net Income any repurchases, repayments or redemptions of Investments, proceeds realized on the sale of Investments or return of capital to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to the extent such repurchases, repayments, redemptions, proceeds or returns increase the amount of Restricted Payments permitted under such covenant pursuant to clause (a)(3)(E) thereof.

Consolidated Net Worth” means the total of the amounts shown on the balance sheet of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter of the Company for which internal financial statements are available prior to the taking of any action for the purpose of which the determination is being made, as the sum of:

(1) the par or stated value of all outstanding Capital Stock of the Company, plus

 

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(2) paid-in capital or capital surplus relating to such Capital Stock, plus

(3) any retained earnings or earned surplus,

less (A) any accumulated deficit and (B) any amounts attributable to Disqualified Stock.

Convertible Preferred Stock” means the 6.875% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company outstanding, and with such terms as are in effect, on the Issue Date.

Credit Agreement” means the Credit Agreement dated as of October 2, 2008, by and among the Company, PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the administrative agent, Calyon New York Branch, as syndication agent, Bank of America, N.A., as documentation agent, and the lenders party thereto, together with the related documents thereto (including the term loans and revolving loans thereunder, any guarantees and security documents), as amended, extended, renewed, restated, replaced, supplemented or otherwise modified (in whole or in part, and without limitation as to amount, terms, conditions, covenants and other provisions) from time to time, and any agreement (and related document), including an indenture or any receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to lenders, purchasers or special purpose entities formed to borrow from (or sell such receivables to) such lenders or other financiers against such receivables) or other document, governing Indebtedness Incurred to Refinance, replace (contemporaneously or otherwise) or supplement, in whole or in part, the borrowings and commitments then outstanding or permitted to be outstanding under such Credit Agreement or any successor or alternative Credit Agreement or other debt facilities, including any such agreements which increase the aggregate amount of Indebtedness outstanding or permitted to be outstanding under such Credit Agreement or debt facilities, whether by the same or any other lender or investor, or group of lenders or investors.

Currency Agreement” means any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement with respect to currency values.

Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

Disqualified Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any Capital Stock which by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable at the option of the holder) or upon the happening of any event:

1. matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than redeemable only for Capital Stock of such Person which is not itself Disqualified Stock) pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise;

2. is convertible or exchangeable at the option of the holder for Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock; or

3. is mandatorily redeemable or must be purchased upon the occurrence of certain events or otherwise, in whole or in part;

in each case on or prior to the date that is 91 days after the earlier of the date (a) of the Stated Maturity of the Notes and (b) on which there are no Notes outstanding; provided, however, that any Capital Stock that would not constitute Disqualified Stock but for provisions thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to purchase or redeem such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of an “asset sale” or “change of control” occurring prior to the date 91 days after the earlier date determined pursuant to clause (a) or (b) above shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if:

(A) the “asset sale” or “change of control” provisions applicable to such Capital Stock are not materially more favorable to the holders of such Capital Stock than the terms applicable to the Notes and described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” and “—Change of control”; and

(B) any such requirement only becomes operative after compliance with such terms applicable to the Notes, including the purchase of any Notes tendered pursuant thereto.

 

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The amount of any Disqualified Stock that does not have a fixed redemption, repayment or repurchase price will be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Disqualified Stock as if such Disqualified Stock were redeemed, repaid or repurchased on any date on which the amount of such Disqualified Stock is to be determined pursuant to the Indenture; provided, however, that if such Disqualified Stock could not be required to be redeemed, repaid or repurchased at the time of such determination, the redemption, repayment or repurchase price will be the book value of such Disqualified Stock as reflected in the most recent financial statements of such Person.

For the avoidance of doubt, the Convertible Preferred Stock shall not be deemed to be Disqualified Stock.

Dollar-Denominated Production Payments” means production payment obligations recorded as liabilities in accordance with GAAP, together with all undertakings and obligations in connection therewith.

EBITDA” for any period means the sum of Consolidated Net Income, plus the following to the extent deducted in calculating such Consolidated Net Income:

1. all income tax expense of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries;

2. Consolidated Interest Expense;

3. depreciation, depletion and amortization expense of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding amortization expense attributable to a prepaid item that was paid in cash in a prior period);

4. all other non-cash charges of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding any such non-cash charge to the extent that it represents an accrual of or reserve for cash expenditures in any future period but including non-cash charges resulting from the application of FAS 143) less all non-cash items of income of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (other than accruals of revenue by the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business); and

5. if the Company changes its method of accounting from full cost to successful efforts or a similar method of accounting, consolidated exploration and abandonment expense of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;

in each case for such period and less, to the extent included in calculating such Consolidated Net Income and in excess of any costs or expenses attributable thereto and deducted in calculating such Consolidated Net Income, the sum of:

(A) the amount of deferred revenues that are amortized during such period and are attributable to reserves that are subject to Volumetric Production Payments; and

(B) amounts recorded in accordance with GAAP as repayments of principal and interest pursuant to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provision for taxes based on the income or profits of, and the depreciation, depletion and amortization and non-cash charges of, a Restricted Subsidiary shall be added to Consolidated Net Income to compute EBITDA only to the extent (and in the same proportion, including by reason of minority interests) that the net income or loss of such Restricted Subsidiary was included in calculating Consolidated Net Income and only if a corresponding amount would be permitted at the date of determination to be dividended to the Company by such Restricted Subsidiary without prior approval (that has not been obtained), pursuant to the terms of its charter and all agreements, instruments, judgments, decrees, orders, statutes, rules and governmental regulations applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary or its stockholders.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan” means any employee stock ownership plan or trust or any employee stock purchase plan or other similar arrangement for the benefit of employees of the Company or of some or all of its Restricted Subsidiaries or of both the Company and some or all of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

 

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Equity Offering” means a public or private offering for cash by the Company of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock), other than public offerings registered on Form S-8.

Fair Market Value” means, with respect to any Asset Disposition, Sale/Leaseback Transaction or Restricted Payment (or Investment or Permitted Investment), the price that would be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction between a willing seller and a willing and able buyer, neither of which is under any compulsion to complete the transaction, as such price is determined in good faith by:

1. if the value of such Asset Disposition, Sale/Leaseback Transaction or Restricted Payment (or Investment or Permitted Investment) is less than $10.0 million, an Officer of the Company; and

2. if the value of such Asset Disposition, Sale/Leaseback Transaction or Restricted Payment (or Investment or Permitted Investment) is $10.0 million or greater, the Board of Directors of the Company.

Foreign Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that is not organized under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of Columbia.

GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect as of the Issue Date, including those set forth in:

1. the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;

2. statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board;

3. such other statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession; and

4. the rules and regulations of the SEC governing the inclusion of financial statements (including pro forma financial statements) in periodic reports required to be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, including opinions and pronouncements in staff accounting bulletins and similar written statements from the accounting staff of the SEC.

Guarantee” means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any Person and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person:

1. to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness of such Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or

2. entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part); provided, however, that the term “Guarantee” shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.

Guaranty Agreement” means a supplemental indenture, in a form satisfactory to the Trustee, pursuant to which a Subsidiary Guarantor guarantees the Company’s obligations with respect to the Notes on the terms provided for in the Indenture.

Hedging Obligations” of any Person means the obligations of such Person pursuant to any Interest Rate Agreement, Currency Agreement or Oil and Gas Hedging Contract.

Holder” or “Noteholder” means the Person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books.

 

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Incur” means issue, assume, Guarantee, incur or otherwise become liable for; provided, however, that any Indebtedness of a Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary (whether by merger, consolidation, acquisition or otherwise) shall be deemed to be Incurred by such Person at the time it becomes a Restricted Subsidiary. The term “Incurrence” when used as a noun shall have a correlative meaning. Solely for purposes of determining compliance with “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”:

1. amortization of debt discount or the accretion of principal with respect to a non-interest bearing or other discount security;

2. the accrual of interest or dividends and the payment of regularly scheduled interest in the form of additional Indebtedness of the same instrument or the payment of regularly scheduled dividends on Capital Stock in the form of additional Capital Stock of the same class and with the same terms;

3. the obligation to pay a premium in respect of Indebtedness arising in connection with the issuance of a notice of redemption or making of a mandatory offer to purchase such Indebtedness; and

4. unrealized losses, charges or other similar obligations in respect of Hedging Obligations (including those resulting from the application of FAS 133),

will not be deemed to be the Incurrence of Indebtedness.

Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person on any date of determination (without duplication):

1. the principal in respect of (A) indebtedness of such Person for money borrowed and (B) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable, including, in each case, any premium on such indebtedness to the extent such premium has become due and payable;

2. all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person and all Attributable Debt in respect of Sale/Leaseback Transactions entered into by such Person;

3. all obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property, all conditional sale obligations of such Person and all obligations of such Person under any title retention agreement (but excluding any accounts payable or other liability to trade creditors arising in the ordinary course of business);

4. all obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, bankers’ acceptance or similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in clauses (1) through (3) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the tenth Business Day following payment on the letter of credit);

5. the amount of all obligations of such Person with respect to the redemption, repayment or other repurchase of any Disqualified Stock of such Person or, with respect to any Preferred Stock of any Subsidiary of such Person, the principal amount of such Preferred Stock to be determined in accordance with the Indenture (but excluding, in each case, any accrued dividends);

6. all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (5) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, including by means of any Guarantee;

7. all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (6) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the fair market value of such property or assets and the amount of the obligation so secured;

8. to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, Hedging Obligations of such Person; and

 

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9. any guarantee by such Person of production or payment with respect to a Production Payment, but excluding guarantees with respect to operation and maintenance of the related oil and gas properties in a prudent manner, delivery of the associated production (if required) and other such contractual obligations.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in connection with the purchase by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of any business, the term “Indebtedness” will exclude post-closing payment adjustments to which the seller may become entitled to the extent such payment is determined by a final closing balance sheet or such payment depends on the performance of such business after the closing; provided, however, that, at the time of closing, the amount of any such payment is not determinable and, to the extent such payment thereafter becomes fixed and determined, the amount is paid within 60 days thereafter. In addition, except as expressly provided in clause (9) above, Production Payments and Reserve Sales shall not constitute “Indebtedness.”

The amount of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all obligations as described above; provided, however, that in the case of Indebtedness sold at a discount, the amount of such Indebtedness at any time will be the accreted value thereof at such time.

Independent Qualified Party” means an investment banking firm, accounting firm or appraisal firm of national standing; provided, however, that such firm is not an Affiliate of the Company.

Interest Rate Agreement” means any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement or other financial agreement or arrangement with respect to exposure to interest rates.

Investment” in any Person means any direct or indirect advance (other than advances to customers in the ordinary course of business that are recorded as accounts receivable on the balance sheet of the lender), loan or other extensions of credit (including by way of Guarantee or similar arrangement) or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase or acquisition of Capital Stock, Indebtedness or other similar instruments issued by such Person. If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary issues, sells or otherwise disposes of any Capital Stock of a Person that is a Restricted Subsidiary such that, after giving effect thereto, such Person is no longer a Restricted Subsidiary, any Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person remaining after giving effect thereto will be deemed to be a new Investment at such time. The acquisition by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of a Person that holds an Investment in a third Person will be deemed to be an Investment by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary in such third Person at such time. Except as otherwise provided for herein, the amount of an Investment shall be its Fair Market Value at the time the Investment is made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value.

For purposes of the definition of “Unrestricted Subsidiary”, the definition of “Restricted Payment” and the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments”:

1. “Investment” shall include the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of any Subsidiary of the Company at the time that such Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that upon a redesignation of such Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the Company shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent “Investment” in an Unrestricted Subsidiary equal to an amount (if positive) equal to (A) the Company’s “Investment” in such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation less (B) the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; and

2. any property transferred to or from an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be valued at its Fair Market Value at the time of such transfer.

Issue Date” means August 19, 2010.

 

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Legal Holiday” means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions are not required to be open in the State of New York or the State of Texas.

Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of any kind (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof).

Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and any successor to its rating agency business.

Net Available Cash” from an Asset Disposition means cash payments received therefrom (including any cash payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or otherwise and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any securities received as consideration, but only as and when received, but excluding any other consideration received in the form of assumption by the acquiring Person of Indebtedness or other obligations relating to such properties or assets or received in any other non-cash form), in each case net of:

1. all legal, title, recording, engineering, environmental, accounting, investment banking, brokerage and relocation expenses, commissions and other fees and expenses incurred, and all Federal, state, provincial, foreign and local taxes required to be paid or accrued as a liability under GAAP, as a consequence of such Asset Disposition;

2. all payments made on any Indebtedness which is secured by any assets subject to such Asset Disposition, in accordance with the terms of any Lien upon or other security agreement of any kind with respect to such assets, or which must by its terms, or in order to obtain a necessary consent to such Asset Disposition, or by applicable law, be repaid out of the proceeds from such Asset Disposition;

3. all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of such Asset Disposition;

4. the deduction of appropriate amounts as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with the property or other assets disposed in such Asset Disposition and retained by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Disposition; and

5. any portion of the purchase price from an Asset Disposition placed in escrow, whether as a reserve for adjustment of the purchase price, for satisfaction of indemnities in respect of such Asset Disposition or otherwise in connection with that Asset Disposition; provided, however, that upon the termination of that escrow, Net Available Cash will be increased by any portion of funds in the escrow that are released to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.

Net Cash Proceeds”, with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock or Indebtedness, means the cash proceeds of such issuance or sale net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, underwriters’ or placement agents’ fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage, consultant and other fees actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof.

Net Working Capital” of the Company means:

1. all current assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, except current assets from commodity price risk management activities arising in the ordinary course of business; minus

2. all current liabilities of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, except current liabilities included in Indebtedness (including the Notes), current liabilities from commodity price risk management activities arising in the ordinary course of business, current liabilities recorded with respect to stock-based compensation and current liabilities that constitute estimated abandonment costs pursuant to FAS 143;

in each case, determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

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Non-Recourse Purchase Money Indebtedness” means Indebtedness (other than Capital Lease Obligations) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary Incurred in connection with the acquisition by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary of assets used in the Oil and Gas Business (including office buildings and other real property used by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary in conducting its operations) with respect to which:

1. the holders of such Indebtedness agree that they will look solely to the assets so acquired that secure such Indebtedness, and except for the interest of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, neither the Company nor any Restricted Subsidiary (a) is directly or indirectly liable for such Indebtedness or (b) provides credit support, including any undertaking, Guarantee, agreement or instrument that would constitute Indebtedness (other than the grant of a Lien on such acquired assets); and

2. no default or event of default with respect to such Indebtedness would cause, or permit (after notice or passage of time or otherwise), any holder of any other Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to declare a default or event of default on such other Indebtedness or cause the payment, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to any scheduled principal payment, scheduled sinking fund payment or maturity.

Obligations” means, with respect to any Indebtedness, all obligations for principal, premium, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, and other amounts payable pursuant to the documentation governing such Indebtedness.

Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or the Secretary of the Company.

Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, which certificate shall be deemed to be, and the Trustee may rely on its being, executed and delivered by the Officers signing it on behalf of the Company.

Oil and Gas Business” means:

1. the acquisition, exploration, exploitation, development, operation and disposition of interests in oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbon and mineral properties;

2. the gathering, marketing, distribution, treating, processing, storage, refining, selling and transporting of any production from such interests or properties and the marketing of oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons and minerals obtained from unrelated Persons;

3. any business or activity relating to or arising from exploration for or exploitation, development, production, treatment, processing, storage, refining, transportation, gathering or marketing of oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons and minerals and products produced in association therewith;

4. any other related energy business, including power generation and electrical transmission business where fuel required by such business is supplied, directly or indirectly, from oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons and minerals produced substantially from properties in which the Company or the Restricted Subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, participate;

5. any business relating to oil field sales and service; and

6. any activity necessary, appropriate or incidental to the activities described in the preceding clauses (1) through (5) of this definition.

Oil and Gas Hedging Contract” means any oil and gas hedging agreement and other agreement or arrangement designed to protect the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary against fluctuations in oil and gas prices.

 

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Oil and Gas Liens” means:

1. Liens on any specific property or any interest therein, construction thereon or improvement thereto to secure all or any part of the costs (other than Indebtedness) incurred for surveying, exploration, drilling, extraction, development, operation, production, construction, alteration, repair or improvement of, in, under or on such property and the plugging and abandonment of wells located thereon (it being understood that, in the case of oil and gas producing properties, or any interest therein, costs incurred for “development” will include costs incurred for all facilities relating to such properties or to projects, ventures or other arrangements of which such properties form a part or that relate to such properties or interests);

2. Liens on an oil or gas producing property to secure obligations incurred or Guarantees of obligations incurred (in each case, other than Indebtedness) in connection with or necessarily incidental to commitments for the purchase or sale of, or the transportation or distribution of, the products derived from such property;

3. Liens arising under partnership agreements, oil and gas leases, overriding royalty agreements, net profits agreements, production payment agreements, royalty trust agreements, incentive compensation programs on terms that are reasonably customary in the Oil and Gas Business for geologists, geophysicists and other providers of technical services to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, farm-out agreements, farm-in agreements, division orders, contracts for the sale, purchase, exchange, transportation, gathering or processing of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons, unitizations and pooling designations, declarations, orders and agreements, development agreements, operating agreements, gas balancing or deferred production agreements, production sharing agreements, area of mutual interests agreements, injection, repressuring and recycling agreements, salt water or other disposal agreements, seismic or geophysical permits or agreements, and other agreements that are customary in the Oil and Gas Business; provided, however, that in all instances such Liens are limited to the assets that are the subject of the relevant agreement, program, order or contract;

4. Liens securing Production Payments and Reserve Sales; provided, however, that such Liens are limited to the property that is subject to such Production Payments and Reserve Sales, and such Production Payments and Reserve Sales either:

(a) were in existence on the Issue Date,

(b) were created in connection with the acquisition of property after the Issue Date and such Lien was incurred in connection with the financing of, and within 90 days after, the acquisition of the property subject thereto, or

(c) constitute Asset Sales made in compliance with the covenant entitled “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock;” and

5. Liens on pipelines or pipelines facilities that arise by operation of law.

Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Trustee.

Permitted Business Investments” means Investments made in the ordinary course of, and of a nature that is or shall have become customary in, the Oil and Gas Business, including through agreements, transactions, interests or arrangements that permit one to share risk or costs, comply with regulatory requirements regarding local ownership or satisfy other objectives customarily achieved through the conduct of the Oil and Gas Business jointly with third parties, including:

1. ownership of oil, natural gas, other related hydrocarbon and mineral properties or any interest therein or gathering, transportation, processing, storage or related systems; and

2. the entry into operating agreements, joint ventures, processing agreements, working interests, royalty interests, mineral leases, farm-in agreements, farm-out agreements, development agreements, production sharing agreements, area of mutual interest agreements, contracts for the sale, transportation or exchange of

 

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oil and natural gas and related hydrocarbons and minerals, unitization agreements, pooling arrangements, joint bidding agreements, service contracts, partnership agreements (whether general or limited), or other similar or customary agreements (including for limited liability companies), transactions, properties, interests or arrangements, and Investments and expenditures in connection therewith or pursuant thereto, in each case made or entered into in the ordinary course of the Oil and Gas Business, excluding however, Investments in corporations.

Permitted Investment” means an Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in:

1. the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary or a Person that will, upon the making of such Investment, become a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that the primary business of such Person or Restricted Subsidiary is a Related Business;

2. another Person if, as a result of such Investment, such other Person is merged or consolidated with or into, or transfers or conveys all or substantially all its assets to, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such Person’s primary business is a Related Business;

3. cash and Temporary Cash Investments;

4. receivables owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary if created or acquired in the ordinary course of business and payable or dischargeable in accordance with customary trade terms; provided, however, that such trade terms may include such concessionary trade terms as the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary deems reasonable under the circumstances;

5. payroll, commissions, travel and similar advances to cover matters that are expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as expenses for accounting purposes and that are made in the ordinary course of business;

6. loans or advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary;

7. stock, obligations or securities received in settlement of debts created in the ordinary course of business and owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or in satisfaction of judgments;

8. any Person to the extent such Investment represents the non-cash portion of the consideration received for (A) an Asset Disposition as permitted pursuant to the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” or (B) a disposition of assets not constituting an Asset Disposition;

9. any Person where such Investment was acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (A) in exchange for any other Investment or accounts receivable held by the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary in connection with or as a result of a bankruptcy, workout, reorganization or recapitalization of the issuer of such other Investment or accounts receivable or (B) as a result of a foreclosure by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to any secured Investment or other transfer of title with respect to any secured Investment in default;

10. any Person to the extent such Investments consist of prepaid expenses, negotiable instruments held for collection and lease, utility and workers’ compensation, performance and other similar deposits made in the ordinary course of business by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary;

11. any Person to the extent such Investments consist of Hedging Obligations otherwise permitted under the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”;

12. any Person to the extent such Investment exists on the Issue Date, and any extension, modification or renewal of any such Investments existing on the Issue Date, but only to the extent not involving additional advances, contributions or other Investments of cash or other assets or other increases thereof (other than as a result of the accrual or accretion of interest or original issue discount or the issuance of pay-in-kind securities, in each case, pursuant to the terms of such Investment as in effect on the Issue Date);

 

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13. Guarantees of performance or other obligations (other than Indebtedness) arising in the ordinary course in the Oil and Gas Business, including obligations under oil and natural gas exploration, development, joint operating and related agreements and licenses or concessions related to the Oil and Gas Business;

14. any Person to the extent such Investments are made solely with or in exchange for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company;

15. Permitted Business Investments; and

16. Persons to the extent such Investments, when taken together with all other Investments made pursuant to this clause (16) and outstanding on the date such Investment is made, do not exceed $10.0 million.

Permitted Liens” means, with respect to any Person:

1. pledges or deposits by such Person under worker’s compensation laws, unemployment insurance laws or similar legislation, or good faith deposits in connection with bids, tenders, contracts (other than for the payment of Indebtedness) or leases to which such Person is a party, or deposits to secure public or statutory obligations of such Person or deposits of cash or United States government bonds to secure surety or appeal bonds or bonds of a similar nature to which such Person is a party, or deposits as security for contested taxes or import duties or for the payment of rent, in each case Incurred in the ordinary course of business;

2. Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than in connection with Indebtedness) or imposed by law, such as carriers’, warehousemen’s and mechanics’ Liens, in each case for sums not yet due or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or other Liens arising out of judgments or awards against such Person with respect to which such Person shall then be proceeding with an appeal or other proceedings for review, Liens to the extent arising by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker’s Liens, rights of set-off or similar rights and remedies as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with a creditor depository institution; provided, however, that (A) such deposit account is not a dedicated cash collateral account and is not subject to restrictions against access by the Company in excess of those set forth by regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board and (B) such deposit account is not intended by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary to provide collateral to the depository institution;

3. Liens for taxes, assessments and governmental charges not yet subject to penalties for nonpayment or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;

4. Liens in favor of issuers of surety bonds or letters of credit issued pursuant to the request of and for the account of such Person in the ordinary course of its business; provided, however, that such letters of credit do not constitute Indebtedness;

5. minor survey exceptions, minor encumbrances, easements or reservations of, or rights of others for, licenses, rights-of-way, sewers, electric lines, telegraph and telephone lines and other similar purposes, or zoning or other restrictions as to the use of property or Liens incidental to the conduct of the business of such Person or to the ownership of its properties which were not Incurred in connection with Indebtedness and which do not in the aggregate materially adversely affect the value of said properties or materially impair their use in the operation of the business of such Person;

6. Liens securing Indebtedness Incurred to finance the construction, purchase or lease of, or repairs, improvements or additions to, property, plant or equipment of such Person; provided, however, that the Lien may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries at the time the Lien is Incurred (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto), and the Indebtedness (other than any interest thereon) secured by the Lien may not be Incurred more than 180 days after the later of the acquisition, completion of construction, repair, improvement, addition or commencement of full operation of the property subject to the Lien;

 

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7. Liens to secure Indebtedness and related Obligations permitted under the provisions described in clause (b)(1) under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”;

8. Liens existing on the Issue Date;

9. Liens on property or shares of Capital Stock of another Person at the time such other Person becomes a Subsidiary of such Person; provided, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto);

10. Liens on property at the time such Person or any of its Subsidiaries acquires the property, including any acquisition by means of a merger or consolidation with or into such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person; provided, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto);

11. Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations of a Subsidiary of such Person owing to such Person or a Restricted Subsidiary of such Person;

12. Liens securing Hedging Obligations so long as such Hedging Obligations are permitted to be Incurred under the Indenture;

13. Oil and Gas Liens;

14. Liens to secure any Refinancing (or successive Refinancings) as a whole, or in part, of any Indebtedness secured by any Lien referred to in the foregoing clause (6), (8), (9) or (10); provided, however, that:

(A) such new Lien shall be limited to all or part of the same property and assets that secured or, under the written agreements pursuant to which the original Lien arose, could secure the original Lien (plus improvements and accessions to, such property or proceeds or distributions thereof); and

(B) the Indebtedness secured by such Lien at such time is not increased to any amount greater than the sum of (i) the outstanding principal amount or, if greater, committed amount of the Indebtedness described under clause (6), (8), (9) or (10) at the time the original Lien became a Permitted Lien and (ii) an amount necessary to pay any fees and expenses, including premiums, related to such refinancing, refunding, extension, renewal or replacement; and

15. Liens securing Indebtedness in an amount which, together with the aggregate outstanding amount of all other Indebtedness secured by Liens Incurred pursuant to this clause (15), does not exceed the greater of (A) $5.0 million and (B) 1.0% of ACNTA. Notwithstanding the foregoing, “Permitted Liens” will not include any Lien described in clause (6), (9) or (10) above to the extent such Lien applies to any Additional Assets or capital expenditures acquired directly or indirectly from Net Available Cash pursuant to the covenant described under ‘‘—Certain covenants—Limitation on sale of assets and subsidiary stock”. For purposes of this definition, the term “Indebtedness” shall be deemed to include interest on, and fees and expenses incurred in connection with, such Indebtedness.

Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.

PetroQuest L.L.C.” means PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., a Louisiana limited liability company, and its successors.

Preferred Stock”, as applied to the Capital Stock of any Person, means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment of dividends or distributions, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Person, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Person.

 

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Principal” of a Note means the principal of the Note plus the premium, if any, payable on the Note which is due or overdue or is to become due at the relevant time.

Production Payments” means, collectively, Dollar-Denominated Production Payments and Volumetric Production Payments.

Production Payments and Reserve Sales” means the grant or transfer to any Person of a Dollar-Denominated Production Payment, Volumetric Production Payment, royalty, overriding royalty, net profits interest, master limited partnership interest or other interest in oil and natural gas properties, reserves or the right to receive all or a portion of the production or the proceeds from the sale of production attributable to such properties or reserves.

Refinance” means, in respect of any Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, purchase, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue other Indebtedness in exchange or replacement for, such Indebtedness. “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” shall have correlative meanings.

Refinancing Indebtedness” means Indebtedness that Refinances any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary existing on the Issue Date or Incurred in compliance with the Indenture, including Indebtedness that Refinances Refinancing Indebtedness; provided, however, that:

1.(a) if the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced is earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Notes, the Refinancing Indebtedness has a Stated Maturity no earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced and (b) if the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being refinanced is later than the Stated Maturity of the Notes, the Refinancing Indebtedness has a Stated Maturity at least 91 days later than the Stated Maturity of the Notes;

2. such Refinancing Indebtedness has an Average Life at the time such Refinancing Indebtedness is Incurred that is equal to or greater than the Average Life of the Indebtedness being Refinanced;

3. the amount of such Indebtedness that may be deemed Refinancing Indebtedness shall not exceed the aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, an aggregate issue price) that is equal to or less than the aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, the aggregate accreted value) then outstanding (plus fees and expenses, including any premium (including any premium paid in connection with a tender offer for such Indebtedness) and defeasance costs) under the Indebtedness being Refinanced; and

4. if the Indebtedness being Refinanced is subordinate in right of payment to the Notes, such Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinate in right of payment to the Notes at least to the same extent as the Indebtedness being Refinanced; provided further, however, that Refinancing Indebtedness shall not include (A) Indebtedness of a Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of the Company or (B) Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

Related Business” means any Oil and Gas Business in which the Company or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries was engaged on the Issue Date and any business related, ancillary or complementary to such business.

Restricted Payment” with respect to any Person means:

1. the declaration or payment of any dividends or any other distributions of any sort in respect of its Capital Stock (including any payment in respect of its Capital Stock in connection with any merger or consolidation involving such Person) or similar payment to the direct or indirect holders of its Capital Stock (other than (A) dividends or distributions payable solely in its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock), (B) dividends or distributions payable solely to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and (C) pro rata dividends or other distributions made by a Subsidiary that is not a Wholly Owned Subsidiary to minority stockholders (or owners of an equivalent interest in the case of a Subsidiary that is an entity other than a corporation));

 

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2. the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Capital Stock of the Company held by any Person (other than by a Restricted Subsidiary) or of any Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary held by any Affiliate of the Company (other than by a Restricted Subsidiary), including in connection with any merger or consolidation and including the exercise of any option to exchange any Capital Stock (other than into Capital Stock of the Company that is not Disqualified Stock);

3. the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value, prior to scheduled maturity, scheduled repayment or scheduled sinking fund payment of any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or of any Subsidiary Guarantor (other than the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement of (A) Indebtedness owed to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and Incurred pursuant to clause (2) of paragraph (b) of the covenant described under “—Limitations on indebtedness,” or (B) Subordinated Obligations purchased in anticipation of satisfying a sinking fund obligation, principal installment or final maturity, in each case due within one year of the date of such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement); or

4. the making of any Investment (other than a Permitted Investment) in any Person.

Restricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Company that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

Sale/Leaseback Transaction” means an arrangement relating to property owned by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary on the Issue Date or thereafter acquired by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary whereby the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary transfers such property to a Person and the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary leases it from such Person.

SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Senior Indebtedness” means with respect to any Person:

1. Indebtedness of such Person, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter Incurred; and

2. all other Obligations of such Person (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to such Person whether or not post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding) in respect of Indebtedness described in clause (1) above

unless, in the case of clauses (1) and (2), in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding, it is provided that such Indebtedness or other obligations are subordinate in right of payment to the Notes or the Subsidiary Guaranty of such Person, as the case may be; provided, however, that Senior Indebtedness shall not include:

(A) any obligation of such Person to the Company or any Subsidiary;

(B) any liability for Federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by such Person;

(C) any accounts payable or other liability to trade creditors arising in the ordinary course of business;

(D) any Indebtedness or other Obligation of such Person which is subordinate or junior in right of payment to any other Indebtedness or other Obligation of such Person; or

(E) that portion of any Indebtedness which at the time of Incurrence is Incurred in violation of the Indenture.

Significant Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a “Significant Subsidiary” of the Company within the meaning of Rule 1-02 under Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.

 

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Standard & Poor’s” means Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and any successor to its rating agency business.

Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any security, the date specified in such security as the fixed date on which the final payment of principal of such security is due and payable, including pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision (but excluding any provision providing for the repurchase of such security at the option of the holder thereof upon the happening of any contingency unless such contingency has occurred).

Subordinated Obligation” means, with respect to a Person, any Indebtedness of such Person (whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter Incurred) which is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the Notes or a Subsidiary Guaranty of such Person, as the case may be, pursuant to a written agreement to that effect.

Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Voting Stock is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by:

1. such Person;

2. such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or

3. one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

Subsidiary Guarantor” means each Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that executes the Indenture as a guarantor on the Issue Date and each other Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that thereafter guarantees the Notes pursuant to the terms of the Indenture.

Subsidiary Guaranty” means a Guarantee by a Subsidiary Guarantor of the Company’s obligations with respect to the Notes.

Temporary Cash Investments” means any of the following:

1. any investment in direct obligations of the United States of America or any agency thereof or obligations guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency thereof;

2. investments in demand and time deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and money market deposits maturing within 270 days of the date of acquisition thereof issued by a bank or trust company which is organized under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America, and which bank or trust company has capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in excess of $50.0 million (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) and has outstanding debt which is rated “A” (or such similar equivalent rating) or higher by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act) or any money-market fund sponsored by a registered broker dealer or mutual fund distributor;

3. repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 180 days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (1) above entered into with a bank meeting the qualifications described in clause (2) above;

4. investments in commercial paper, maturing not more than 180 days after the date of acquisition, issued by a corporation (other than an Affiliate of the Company) organized and in existence under the laws of the United States of America or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America with a rating at the time as of which any investment therein is made of “P-1” (or higher) according to Moody’s or “A-1” (or higher) according to Standard and Poor’s;

5. investments in securities with maturities of nine months or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States of America, or by any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof, and rated at least “A” by Standard & Poor’s or “A” by Moody’s; and

 

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6. investments in money market funds that invest substantially all their assets in securities of the types described in clauses (1) through (5) above.

Trustee” means The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. until a successor replaces it and, thereafter, means the successor.

Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the Issue Date.

Trust Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the President or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee assigned by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters.

Unrestricted Subsidiary” means:

1. PetroQuest Oil & Gas L.L.C. and any Subsidiary of the Company that at the time of determination shall be designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors in the manner provided below; and

2. any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

The Board of Directors may designate any Subsidiary of the Company (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary but excluding PetroQuest L.L.C.) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary or any of its Subsidiaries owns any Capital Stock or Indebtedness of, or holds any Lien on any property of, the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated; provided, however, that either (A) the Subsidiary to be so designated has total assets of $1,000 or less or (B) if such Subsidiary has assets greater than $1,000, such designation would be permitted under the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments”.

The Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that immediately after giving effect to such designation (A) the Company could Incur $1.00 of additional Indebtedness under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness” and (B) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing. Any such designation by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of the resolution of the Board of Directors giving effect to such designation and an Officers’ Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing provisions.

U.S. Government Obligations” means direct obligations (or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations) of the United States of America (including any agency or instrumentality thereof) for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged and which are not callable at the issuer’s option.

Volumetric Production Payments” means production payment obligations recorded as deferred revenue in accordance with GAAP, together with all undertakings and obligations in connection therewith.

Voting Stock” of a Person means all classes of Capital Stock of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof.

Wholly Owned Subsidiary” means a Restricted Subsidiary all the Capital Stock of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares) is owned by the Company or one or more other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.

 

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CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following summary describes certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the exchange of the old notes for the new notes pursuant to the exchange offer. This summary does not discuss all of the aspects of U.S. federal income taxation which may be relevant to investors in light of their particular circumstances. In addition, this summary does not discuss any state or local income or foreign income or other tax consequences. This summary is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, rulings and judicial decisions, all as in effect as of the date of this prospectus and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. The statements set forth below are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or on any court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the statements set forth below will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service, or that they would be sustained by a court if they were so challenged.

The exchange of old notes for new notes will not be an exchange or otherwise a taxable event for United States federal income tax purposes. Consequently, you will not recognize gain or loss upon receipt of a new note in exchange for an old note in the exchange offer, your basis in the new note received in the exchange offer will be the same as your basis in the corresponding old note immediately before the exchange, and your holding period in the new note will include your holding period in the old note.

The adoption of the proposed amendments to the indenture governing the old notes may result in a deemed exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an old note that is not tendered in the exchange offer. If such a deemed exchange were to occur, the tax consequences to a Holder that does not tender its old note in the exchange offer could include the recognition of taxable gain on the deemed exchange of such old note, as well as original issue discount on such old note after such deemed exchange. Holders of the old notes are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with regard to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of not tendering their old notes in the exchange offer.

INVESTORS CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE OF NEW NOTES SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC in no action letters issued to third parties, we believe that you may transfer new notes issued under the exchange offer in exchange for the old notes if:

 

   

you acquire the new notes in the ordinary course of your business; and

 

   

you are not engaged in, and do not intend to engage in, and have no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in, a distribution of new notes.

We believe that you may not transfer new notes issued under the exchange offer in exchange for the old notes if you are:

 

   

our “affiliate” within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act;

 

   

a broker-dealer that acquired old notes directly from us; or

 

   

a broker-dealer that acquired old notes as a result of market-making or other trading activities unless you comply with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act.

If you wish to exchange your old notes for new notes in the exchange offer, you will be required to make representations to us as described under “The Exchange Offer—Procedures for Tendering—Your Representations to Us” in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal.

Each broker-dealer receiving new notes for its own account in the exchange offer in exchange for old notes acquired as a result of market-making or other trading activities will be subject to a prospectus delivery requirement with respect to resales of the new notes and must acknowledge that it will deliver this prospectus in connection with any resale of such new notes. To date, the staff of the SEC has taken the position that broker-dealers may fulfill their prospectus delivery requirements with respect to transactions involving an exchange of securities such as the exchange offer, other than a resale of an unsold allotment from the original sale of the old notes, with the prospectus contained in the exchange offer registration statement. On this basis, this prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of new notes received in exchange for old notes where such old notes were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, for a period of up to 180 days after the expiration date of the exchange offer, we will make this prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented, available to any broker-dealer that requests these documents for use in connection with any such resale.

If you wish to exchange new notes for your old notes in the exchange offer, you will be required to make representations to us as described in “The Exchange Offer—Procedures for Tendering—Your Representations to Us” in this prospectus. As indicated in the letter of transmittal, you will be deemed to have made these representations by tendering your old notes in the exchange offer. In addition, if you are a broker-dealer who receives new notes for your own account in exchange for old notes that were acquired by you as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, you will be required to acknowledge, in the same manner, that you will deliver this prospectus in connection with any resale by you of such new notes.

We will not receive any proceeds from any sale of new notes by broker-dealers. New notes received by broker-dealers for their own account pursuant to the exchange offer may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions:

 

   

in over-the-counter markets;

 

   

in negotiated transactions;

 

   

through the writing of options on the new notes; or

 

   

a combination of such methods of resales;

 

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at market prices prevailing at the time of resale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.

Any such resale may be made directly to purchasers or to or through brokers or dealers who may receive compensation in the form of commissions or concessions from any such broker-dealer or the purchasers of any such new notes. Any broker-dealer that resells new notes of any series that were received by it for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer and any broker or dealer that participates in a distribution of such new notes may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. Each letter of transmittal states that by acknowledging that it will deliver and by delivering this prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act.

For a period of up to 180 days after the exchange date (as such period may be extended), we will promptly send additional copies of this prospectus and any amendment or supplement to this prospectus to any broker-dealer that requests such documents in the manner indicated in the letter of transmittal. We have agreed to pay all reasonable expenses incident to the exchange offer other than commissions or concessions of any broker-dealers and will indemnify the holders of the old notes (including any broker-dealers) against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the new notes will be passed upon for us by Garvey Schubert Barer, New York, New York. Certain matters arising under Louisiana law are being passed upon by Onebane Law Firm, Lafayette, Louisiana.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. appearing in PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2012, and the effectiveness of PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of the oil and natural gas properties acquired from Hall-Houston Exploration II, L.P., Hall-Houston Exploration III, L.P., Hall-Houston Exploration IV, L.P. and GOM-H Exploration, LLC for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2012, appearing in PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on September 13, 2013, have been audited by UHY LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports included therein and incorporated herein by reference and have been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The information incorporated by reference in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. is based on estimates of the reserves and present values prepared by Ryder Scott Company, L.P., independent petroleum engineers. All of such information has been so included herein in reliance upon the authority of such firm as an expert in such matters.

The information incorporated by reference in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value of the oil and natural gas properties acquired from Hall-Houston Exploration II, L.P., Hall-Houston Exploration III, L.P., Hall-Houston Exploration IV, L.P. and GOM-H Exploration, LLC is based on estimates of the reserves and present values prepared by Ryder Scott Company, L.P., independent petroleum engineers. All of such information has been so included herein in reliance upon the authority of such firm as an expert in such matters.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read and copy these materials at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information about the operation of the SEC’s public reference room by calling the SEC at l-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website that contains information we have filed electronically with the SEC, which you can access over the Internet at www.sec.gov.

Our website is located at www.petroquest.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC are available, free of charge, through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports or filings are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

We “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for any information superseded by information contained expressly in this prospectus. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is current as of the date other than the date on the cover page of this prospectus.

The following documents, which have previously been filed by us with the Commission under the Exchange Act, are incorporated herein by reference:

 

   

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2013 (File No. 001-32681), including the portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 9, 2013, incorporated by reference therein (File No. 001-32681);

 

   

Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013 filed with the SEC on May 8, 2013 (File No. 001-32681) and August 6, 2013 (File No. 001-32681);

 

   

A description of our capital stock contained in the Company’s Form 8-A filed with the Commission on November 18, 2005 (File No. 001-32681); and

 

   

Our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on March 5, 2013, March 29, 2013, May 13, 2013, May 23, 2013, June 20, 2013, June 25, 2013, June 28, 2013 and July 3, 2013 (as amended by our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on September 13, 2013) (File No. 001-32681) (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any such Current Report on Form 8-K).

All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 on any current report on Form 8-K) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents. Any statement contained herein, or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

At your request, we will provide you with a free copy of any of these filings (except for exhibits, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the filing). You may request copies by writing or telephoning us at PetroQuest Energy, Inc., 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone number: (337) 232-7028.

 

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[Outside Back Cover of Prospectus]

Until                     , 2013, all dealers that effect transactions in the new notes, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.


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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 20. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, commonly referred to as the DGCL, permits a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action.

In an action brought to obtain a judgment in the corporation’s favor, whether by the corporation itself or derivatively by a stockholder, the corporation may only indemnify for expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action, and the corporation may not indemnify for amounts paid in satisfaction of a judgment or in settlement of the claim. In any such action, no indemnification may be paid in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged liable to the corporation except as otherwise approved by the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which the claim was brought. In any other type of proceeding, the indemnification may extend to judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such other proceeding, as well as to expenses (including attorneys’ fees).

The statute does not permit indemnification unless the person seeking indemnification has acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, in the case of criminal actions or proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. There are additional limitations applicable to criminal actions and to actions brought by or in the name of the corporation. The determination as to whether a person seeking indemnification has met the required standard of conduct is to be made (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of disinterested members of the board of directors, (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, if such a quorum does not exist or if the disinterested directors so direct, or (iii) by the stockholders.

As permitted by the DGCL, the Company’s bylaws provide that the Company will indemnify its directors, officers, employees and agents against certain liabilities that they may incur in their capacities as directors, officers, employees and agents. Furthermore, the Company’s certificate of incorporation, indemnifies its directors, officers, employees, and agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors providing for indemnification to the maximum extent permitted under the DGCL. The Company has director and officer liability insurance policies that provide coverage of up to $40 million.

 

Item 21. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) Exhibits. Reference is made to the Exhibit Index following the signature pages hereto, which Exhibit Index is hereby incorporated by reference into this item.

 

  (b) Financial Statement Schedules. None.

 

Item 22. Undertakings.

 

  (a) The undersigned registrants hereby undertake:

 

  1. To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

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(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

  2. That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

  3. To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

  4. That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, if the registrants are subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

 

  5. That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrants under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

Each of the undersigned registrants undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrants pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrants will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

  i Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrants relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

 

  ii Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrants or used or referred to by the undersigned registrants;

 

  iii The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrants or their securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrants; and

 

  iv Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrants to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrants hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrants’ annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of

 

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the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrants pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrants have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrants of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrants in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrants will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(d) The undersigned registrants hereby undertake to respond to requests for information that is incorporated by reference into the prospectus pursuant to Items 4, 10(b), 11, or 13 of this Form, within one business day of receipt of such request, and to send the incorporated documents by first class mail or other equally prompt means. This includes information contained in documents filed subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement through the date of responding to the request.

(e) The undersigned registrants hereby undertake to supply by means of a post-effective amendment all information concerning a transaction, and the company being acquired involved therein, that was not the subject of and included in the registration statement when it became effective.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-4 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Lafayette, state of Louisiana, on this 17th day of September, 2013.

 

PETROQUEST ENERGY, INC.

By:

 

/s/ J. Bond Clement

 

J. Bond Clement

 

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

*

Charles T. Goodson

  

Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive

Officer, President and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

  September 17, 2013

/s/ J. Bond Clement

J. Bond Clement

   Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)   September 17, 2013

*

Michael L. Finch

   Director   September 17, 2013

*

W. J. Gordon, III

   Director   September 17, 2013

*

Charles F. Mitchell, II, M.D.

   Director   September 17, 2013

*

E. Wayne Nordberg

   Director   September 17, 2013

*

William W. Rucks, IV

   Director   September 17, 2013

 

* By:   /s/ J. Bond Clement
  J. Bond Clement
  Attorney-in-fact

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-4 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Lafayette, state of Louisiana, on this 17th day of September, 2013.

 

PETROQUEST ENERGY, L.L.C.

By:

 

/s/ J. Bond Clement

 

J. Bond Clement

 

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

*

Charles T. Goodson

  

Chairman, Chief Executive Officer,

President and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

  September 17, 2013

/s/ J. Bond Clement

J. Bond Clement

   Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)   September 17, 2013

*

W. Todd Zehnder

   Chief Operating Officer and Director   September 17, 2013

*

Arthur M. Mixon, III

   Director   September 17, 2013

 

* By:   /s/ J. Bond Clement
  J. Bond Clement
  Attorney-in-fact

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-4 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Lafayette, state of Louisiana, on this 17th day of September, 2013.

 

TDC ENERGY, LLC
By:  

/s/ J. Bond Clement

 

J. Bond Clement

 

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

*

Charles T. Goodson

  

Chairman, Chief Executive Officer,

President and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

  September 17, 2013

/s/ J. Bond Clement

J. Bond Clement

   Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)   September 17, 2013

*

W. Todd Zehnder

   Chief Operating Officer and Director   September 17, 2013

*

Arthur M. Mixon, III

   Director   September 17, 2013

 

* By:   /s/ J. Bond Clement
  J. Bond Clement
  Attorney-in-fact

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit

No.

  

Description of Exhibit

  2.1*    Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of June 19, 2013, between PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C. and Hall-Houston Exploration II, L.P. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2013).
  2.2*    Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of June 19, 2013, between PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C. and Hall-Houston Exploration III, L.P. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2013).
  2.3*    Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of June 19, 2013, between PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C. and Hall-Houston Exploration IV, L.P. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2013).
  2.4*    Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of June 19, 2013, between PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C. and GOM-H Exploration, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2013).
  3.1    Certificate of Incorporation of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed September 16, 1998)
  3.2    Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated May 14, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed June 23, 2009).
  3.3    Bylaws of PetroQuest Energy, Inc., as amended of December 20, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed December 21, 2007).
  3.4    Certificate of Designations, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights of The Series a Junior Participating Preferred Stock of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of the Rights Agreement attached as Exhibit 1 to Form 8-A filed November 9, 2001).
  3.5    Certificate of Designations establishing the 6.875% Series B cumulative convertible perpetual preferred stock, dated September 24, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2007).
  4.1    Indenture, dated August 19, 2010, between PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 19, 2010).
  4.2    First Supplemental Indenture, dated August 19, 2010, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors identified therein, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2010).
  4.3    Second Supplemental Indenture, dated July 3, 2013, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors identified therein, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2013).
  4.4    Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 3, 2013, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors identified therein, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representative of the several initial purchasers named therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2013).
  5.1    Opinion of Garvey Schubert Barer (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 5.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-190648, filed with the SEC on August 15, 2013).
  5.2    Opinion of Onebane Law Firm (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 5.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-190648, filed with the SEC on August 15, 2013).
10.1†    PetroQuest Energy, Inc. 1998 Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective May 14, 2008 (the “Incentive Plan”) (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed April 9, 2008).

 

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Exhibit

No.

  

Description of Exhibit

10.2†    Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for executive officers (including Charles T. Goodson, W. Todd Zehnder, Arthur M. Mixon, III, Daniel G. Fournerat, Mark K. Stover, J. Bond Clement, and Tracy Price) under the Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-K filed February 27, 2009).
10.3†    Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-K filed February 27, 2009).
10.4†    Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for executive officers (including Charles T. Goodson, W. Todd Zehnder, Arthur M. Mixon, III, Daniel G. Fournerat, Mark K. Stover, J. Bond Clement, and Tracy Price) under the Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-K filed February 27, 2009).
10.5†    PetroQuest Energy, Inc. Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2010).
10.6†    PetroQuest Energy, Inc. Annual Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2010).
10.7†    PetroQuest Energy, Inc. 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to Schedule 14A filed March 28, 2012).
10.8†    PetroQuest Energy, Inc. Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed November 15, 2012).
10.9†    Form of Award Notice of Restricted Stock Units—Employees (including Charles T. Goodson, W. Todd Zehnder, Arthur M. Mixon, III, Daniel G. Fournerat, Mark K. Stover, J. Bond Clement and Tracy Price) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed November 15, 2012).
10.10†    Form of Award Notice of Restricted Stock Units—Outside Director/Consultant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed November 15, 2012).
10.11†    Form of Restricted Stock Agreement—Executive Officers (including Charles T. Goodson, W. Todd Zehnder, Arthur M. Mixon, III, Daniel G. Fournerat, Mark K. Stover, J. Bond Clement and Tracy Price) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed November 15, 2012).
10.12    Credit Agreement dated as of October 2, 2008, among PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., PetroQuest Energy, Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Calyon New York Branch, Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and Whitney National Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed October 6, 2008).
10.13    First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., TDC Energy LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Calyon New York Branch, Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Whitney National Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed March 24, 2009).
10.14    Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of September 30, 2009, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., TDC Energy LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Calyon New York Branch, Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Whitney National Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed October 1, 2009).
10.15    Third Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of August 5, 2010, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., TDC Energy LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Whitney National Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010).

 

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Exhibit

No.

  

Description of Exhibit

10.16    Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of October 3, 2011, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., TDC Energy LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Capital One, N.A., Iberiabank and Whitney Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on October 4, 2011).
10.17    Fifth Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of March 29, 2013, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Capital One, N.A., IBERIABANK and Whitney Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2013).
10.18    Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of June 19, 2013, among PetroQuest Energy, Inc., PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Capital One, N.A., IBERIABANK and Whitney Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2013).
10.19†    Amended Executive Employment Agreement dated effective as of December 31, 2008, between Charles T. Goodson and PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed January 6, 2009).
10.20†    Amended Executive Employment Agreement dated effective as of December 31, 2008, between W. Todd Zehnder and PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed January 6, 2009).
10.21†    Amended Executive Employment Agreement dated effective as of December 31, 2008, between Arthur M. Mixon, III and PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed January 6, 2009).
10.22†    Amended Executive Employment Agreement dated effective as of December 31, 2008, between Daniel G. Fournerat and PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed January 6, 2009).
10.23†    Amended Executive Employment Agreement dated effective as of December 31, 2008, between Mark K. Stover and PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Form 10-K filed February 27, 2009).
10.24†    Amended Executive Employment Agreement dated effective as of December 31, 2008, between J. Bond Clement and PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Form 10-K filed February 27, 2009).
10.25†    Executive Employment Agreement dated May 8, 2012 between PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and Tracy Price (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed May 10, 2012).
10.26†    Form of Amended Termination Agreement between the Company and each of its executive officers, including Charles T. Goodson, W. Todd Zehnder, Arthur M. Mixon, III, Daniel G. Fournerat, Mark K. Stover, and J. Bond Clement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Form 8-K filed January 6, 2009).
10.27†    Termination Agreement dated May 8, 2012 between PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and Tracy Price (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed May 10, 2012).
10.28†    Form of Indemnification Agreement between PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers, including Charles T. Goodson, W. Todd Zehnder, Arthur M. Mixon, III, Daniel G. Fournerat, Mark K. Stover, J. Bond Clement, Tracy Price, William W. Rucks, IV, E. Wayne Nordberg, Michael L. Finch, W.J. Gordon, III and Charles F. Mitchell, II (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Form 10-K filed March 13, 2002).

 

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Exhibit

No.

 

Description of Exhibit

10.29†   Form of Surrender and Cancellation Agreement for Directors and Executive Officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 16, 2010).
10.30   Joint Development Agreement dated May 17, 2010, among PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., a Louisiana limited liability company, WSGP Gas Producing, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and NextEra Energy Gas Producing, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed on August 5, 2010).
10.31   Second Amendment to the Joint Development Agreement dated February 24, 2012, among PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., a Louisiana limited liability company, WSGP Gas Producing, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and NextEra Energy Gas Producing, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Form 10-K filed March 5, 2012).
10.32†   PetroQuest Energy, Inc. 2013 Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 9, 2013).
12.1   Statement showing computation of ratios of earnings to fixed charges (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 12.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-190648, filed with the SEC on August 15, 2013).
21.1   List of Subsidiaries of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2013).
23.1(1)   Consent of Ernst & Young, LLP.
23.2(1)   Consent of UHY LLP.
23.3(1)   Consent of Ryder Scott Company, L.P.
23.4(1)   Consent of Ryder Scott Company, L.P.
23.5   Consent of Garvey Schubert Barer (included in Exhibit 5.1).
23.6   Consent of Onebane Law Firm (included in Exhibit 5.2).
24.1   Power of Attorney (contained in signature pages of the initial filing of this registration statement).
25.1   Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 25.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-190648, filed with the SEC on August 15, 2013).
99.1   Form of Letter of Transmittal and Consent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-190648, filed with the SEC on August 15, 2013).

 

(1) Filed herewith.
* The registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the Purchase and Sale Agreements to the SEC upon request.
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

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