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Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]  
Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans
Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans

For all of our United States defined benefit and retiree health care plans, we adopted the Society of Actuaries’ RP-2006 mortality table with MP-2015 projection scale in determining the plans’ benefit obligations as of December 31, 2015.

For two of our United States defined benefit plans, we changed the amortization period for gains and losses as of December 31, 2015. We elected to use the average remaining life expectancy instead of the average remaining service period for recognizing the gain/loss amortization component of net periodic benefit cost, as almost all of the plans' participants are now inactive. The impact of this change was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. This change was accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.

Beginning in 2016, we will change the method we use to estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for all of our United States defined benefit plans. Historically, the service and interest cost components have been estimated utilizing a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the year. Beginning in 2016, we will utilize a full yield curve approach to estimate these components by applying specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. We will make this change to improve the correlation between projected benefit cash flows and the corresponding yield curve spot rates and to provide a more precise measurement of service and interest costs. This change will result in a decrease in the 2016 service costs and interest components with an equal offset to actuarial gains (losses) with no net impact on the total benefit obligation. This change is accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.


Defined Benefit Plans

We sponsor several qualified and nonqualified pension plans covering permanent employees. The reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets and the funded status of the plans are as follows:
 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

 
2015

2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in Benefit Obligation
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation, beginning of year
$
56.6

$
53.8

 
$
385.4

$
331.6

Service cost
—

—

 
7.2

8.3

Interest cost
2.1

2.4

 
10.6

13.4

Transfers
—

—

 
5.2

1.1

Actuarial (gain) loss
(1.7
)
4.5

 
(43.2
)
77.5

Plan participant contributions
—

—

 
0.2

0.3

Benefits paid
(3.9
)
(4.1
)
 
(8.1
)
(6.9
)
Currency exchange rate changes
—

—

 
(31.2
)
(39.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation, end of year
$
53.1

$
56.6

 
$
326.1

$
385.4

 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

 
2015

2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year
$
40.6

$
39.1

 
$
349.1

$
305.8

Actual return on plan assets
(1.8
)
3.0

 
(8.3
)
71.6

Plan participant contributions
—

—

 
0.2

0.3

Company contributions
2.3

2.6

 
8.5

11.8

Benefits paid
(3.9
)
(4.1
)
 
(8.1
)
(6.9
)
Currency exchange rate changes
—

—

 
(26.7
)
(33.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets, end of year
$
37.2

$
40.6

 
$
314.7

$
349.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Funded Status at End of Year
 
 
 
 
 
Funded status, end of year
$
(15.9
)
$
(16.0
)
 
$
(11.4
)
$
(36.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
Noncurrent assets
$
14.3

$
16.0

 
$
47.9

$
32.2

Current liabilities
(2.4
)
(2.3
)
 
(0.3
)
(0.3
)
Noncurrent liabilities
(27.8
)
(29.7
)
 
(59.0
)
(68.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net amount recognized
$
(15.9
)
$
(16.0
)
 
$
(11.4
)
$
(36.3
)


Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, consist of:
 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

 
2015

2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
$
11.8

$
11.3

 
$
15.9

$
36.0

Prior service cost
—

—

 
4.9

4.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
11.8

$
11.3

 
$
20.8

$
40.8



The accumulated benefit obligation for our plans that have plan assets was $291.9 and $340.7 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for certain of our plans exceeded the fair value of plan assets as follows:

December 31
2015

2014

 
 
 
Accumulated benefit obligation
$
10.2

$
10.8

Plan assets
9.6

9.6

 
 
 


The projected benefit obligation for certain of our plans exceeded the fair value of plan assets as follows:
December 31
2015

2014

 
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
$
48.4

$
52.1

Plan assets
39.4

42.0

 
 
 


By their nature, certain of our plans do not have plan assets. The accumulated benefit obligation for these plans was $69.9 and $76.1 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The components of the net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss for all plans were as follows:
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

2013

 
 
 
 
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
 
 
Service cost
$
7.2

$
8.3

$
8.7

Interest cost
12.7

15.8

14.8

Expected return on assets
(12.9
)
(15.6
)
(13.2
)
Curtailment and settlement
—

—

(2.3
)
Net loss
4.0

3.5

3.3

Prior service cost
0.4

0.6

0.5

 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit cost
11.4

12.6

11.8

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligation Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss
 
 
 
Net (gain) loss
(22.9
)
23.5

6.8

Prior service cost (credit)
—

1.3

(1.1
)
Amortization of net loss
(4.0
)
(3.5
)
(3.3
)
Amortization of prior service cost
(0.4
)
(0.6
)
(0.5
)
 
 
 
 
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
(27.3
)
20.7

1.9

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive (income) loss
$
(15.9
)
$
33.3

$
13.7

 
 
 
 


Effective January 1, 2013, we amended a defined benefit plan in the Netherlands. The defined benefit plan was frozen, and the participants were transitioned to a defined contribution plan, resulting in a curtailment gain of $2.3.

The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost during 2016 are $0.8 and $0.4, respectively.

The weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of the benefit obligation were as follows:
 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

 
2015

2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.3
%
3.9
%
 
3.2
%
2.9
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.0
%
3.0
%
 
2.2
%
3.4
%

The weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of the net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

2013

 
2015

2014

2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
3.9
%
4.6
%
3.7
%
 
2.9
%
4.1
%
4.2
%
Expected long-term return on plan assets
5.5
%
6.0
%
6.0
%
 
3.2
%
4.5
%
4.0
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.0
%
3.0
%
3.0
%
 
2.6
%
3.8
%
3.6
%


We determine our assumption for the discount rate based on an index of high-quality corporate bond yields and matched-funding yield curve analysis as of the end of each fiscal year.

Our overall expected long-term rate of return used in the measurement of the 2015 net periodic benefit cost on United States plan assets was 5.5%, while the rates of return on our non-United States plans varied by country and ranged from 1.5% to 4.0%. For a majority of our plans, a building block approach has been employed to establish this return. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income instruments are
preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over time. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return is established with proper consideration of diversification and rebalancing. We also use guaranteed insurance contracts for five of our foreign plans. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed to check for reasonableness and appropriateness of our expected rate of return.

Projected salary levels utilized in the determination of the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans are based upon historical experience and the future expectations for each respective country.

Our plans’ investment policies are to optimize the long-term return on plan assets at an acceptable level of risk and to maintain careful control of the risk level within each asset class. Our long-term objective is to minimize plan expenses and contributions by outperforming plan liabilities. We have historically used a balanced portfolio strategy based primarily on a target allocation of equity securities and fixed-income instruments, which vary by location. These target allocations, which are similar to the 2015 allocations, are determined based on the favorable risk tolerance characteristics of the plan and, at times, may be adjusted within a specified range to advance our overall objective.

The fair values of our pension plan assets are primarily determined by using market quotes and other relevant information that is generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, except for the insurance contract that is measured at the present value of expected future benefit payments using the Deutsche National Bank interest curve. The fair value of our pension plan assets by asset category was as follows:
 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
December 31,
2015

Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 
December 31,
2015

Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Category
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
$
0.4

$
—

$
0.4

$
—

 
$
0.4

$
0.4

$
—

$
—

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States companies
12.7

12.7

—

—

 
—

—

—

—

International companies
—

—

—

—

 
17.8

17.8

—

—

Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government bonds(2)
16.9

—

16.9

—

 
47.8

47.8

—

—

Corporate bonds
7.2

—

7.2

—

 
31.2

31.2

—

—

Guaranteed insurance contracts
—

—

—

—

 
38.9

—

38.9

—

Annuity contract
—

—

—

—

 
51.9

—

51.9

—

Other types of investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unitized funds(3)
—

—

—

—

 
26.4

26.4

—

—

Insurance contracts
—

—

—

—

 
92.0

—

—

92.0

Real estate funds
—

—

—

—

 
8.3

—

8.3

—

 
$
37.2

$
12.7

$
24.5

$
—

 
$
314.7

$
123.6

$
99.1

$
92.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)This category includes a prime obligations money market portfolio.
(2)This category includes United States Treasury/Federal agency securities and foreign government securities.
(3)This category includes investments in approximately 50% equity securities, 40% fixed income securities and 10% cash.

 
United States Plans
 
 
Non-United States Plans
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
December 31,
 2014

Quoted
 Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 
December 31,
2014

Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Category
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
$
1.0

$
1.0

$
—

$
—

 
$
0.3

$
0.3

$
—

$
—

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States companies
15.6

15.6

—

—

 
—

—

—

—

International companies
—

—

—

—

 
19.1

19.1

—

—

Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government bonds(2)
24.0

—

24.0

—

 
45.3

45.3

—

—

Corporate bonds
—

—

—

—

 
62.5

62.5

—

—

Guaranteed insurance contracts
—

—

—

—

 
42.0

—

42.0

—

Annuity contract
—

—

—

—

 
35.5

—

35.5

—

Other types of investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unitized funds(3)
—

—

—

—

 
31.5

31.5

—

—

Insurance contract
—

—

—

—

 
104.9

—

—

104.9

Real estate funds
—

—

—

—

 
8.0

—

8.0

—

 
$
40.6

$
16.6

$
24.0

$
—

 
$
349.1

$
158.7

$
85.5

$
104.9


(1) This category includes a prime obligations money market portfolio.
(2) This category includes United States Treasury/Federal agency securities and foreign government securities.
(3) This category includes investments in approximately 70% equity securities, 20% fixed income securities and 10% cash.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the insurance contracts, which are measured using Level 3 inputs. We determine that transfers between fair-value-measurement levels occur on the date of the event that caused the transfer.
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

 
 
 
Balance, beginning of year
$
104.9

$
80.9

Unrealized (loss) gain
(2.2
)
37.6

Purchases, sales and settlements, net
—

(0.6
)
Currency exchange rate changes
(10.7
)
(13.0
)
 
 
 
Balance, end of year
$
92.0

$
104.9

 
 
 



Retiree Health Care Plan

We provide medical and dental benefits to certain eligible retired employees in the United States. Due to the nature of the plan, there are no plan assets. The reconciliation of the changes in the plan’s benefit obligation and the statement of the funded status of the plan were as follows:
Year Ended December 31
2015

2014

 
 
 
Change in Benefit Obligation
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation, beginning of year
$
17.8

$
18.5

Interest cost
0.7

0.8

Actuarial (gain) loss
(0.5
)
0.2

Benefits paid
(1.6
)
(1.9
)
Plan participant contributions
—

0.1

Retiree drug subsidy reimbursement
—

0.1

 
 
 
Benefit obligation, end of year
$
16.4

$
17.8

 
 
 
Funded Status at End of Year
 
 
Funded status, end of year
$
(16.4
)
$
(17.8
)
 
 
 
Amounts Recognized
 
 
Current liabilities
$
(1.3
)
$
(1.3
)
Noncurrent liabilities
(15.1
)
(16.5
)
 
 
 
Net amount recognized
$
(16.4
)
$
(17.8
)
 
 
 


The amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, consists of a net loss of $1.7 and $2.0 for 2015 and 2014, respectively, and a prior service credit of $6.0 and $6.5 in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In June 2013, the Board of Directors approved an amendment related to the post-65 healthcare benefits of the plan that became effective as of July 1, 2014. The plan change included the introduction of a Health Reimbursement Account for Medicare eligible retirees and dependents. The plan change was communicated to retirees in October 2013, and the plan was re-measured as of October 1, 2013 to reflect this amendment.

The discount rate used in the measurement of the benefit obligation was 4.3% and 3.9% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The discount rate used in the measurement of net periodic benefit cost was 3.9% and 4.7% in 2015 and 2014, respectively, and 3.9% (January through September) and 4.8% (October through December) in 2013. The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss (income) for this plan were as follows:
 
2015

2014

2013

 
 
 
 
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
 
 
Interest cost
$
0.7

$
0.8

$
1.1

Net loss
0.1

0.1

0.3

Prior service credit
(0.8
)
(0.8
)
(0.2
)
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit cost
—

0.1

1.2

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss (Income)
 
 
 
Net (gain) loss
(0.5
)
0.2

(0.9
)
Prior service credit
—

—

(11.2
)
Amortization of net loss
(0.1
)
(0.1
)
(0.3
)
Amortization of prior service credit
0.8

0.8

0.2

 
 
 
 
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss (income)
0.2

0.9

(12.2
)
 
 
 
 
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive loss (income)
$
0.2

$
1.0

$
(11.0
)
 
 
 
 

The estimated net loss and prior service credit for the retiree health care plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost during 2016 is $0.1 and $0.8, respectively.

The health care cost trend rate is assumed to be 7.3% for 2016, decreasing gradually to an ultimate rate of 5.0% in 2022. Assumed health care cost trend rates could have a significant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have the following effects:
 
1% Increase

1% Decrease

 
 
 
Effect on total of service and interest cost components
$
—

$
—

Effect on benefit obligation
0.3

(0.3
)



Future Contributions and Payments

During 2016, we plan to contribute $11.6 to our pension plans and to fund our retiree health care payments as incurred. Projected benefit payments from the plans as of December 31, 2015 were estimated as follows:

Year
Pension Plans

Retiree Health
Care Plan

 
 
 
2016
$
9.3

$
1.3

2017
9.7

1.3

2018
10.3

1.3

2019
10.6

1.2

2020
12.4

1.1

2021–2025
75.7

5.4

 
 
 
Total projected benefit payments
$
128.0

$
11.6




Defined Contribution Plans and Deferred Compensation Plans

We have defined contribution plans covering substantially all permanent United States employees and various other employees throughout the world. Employees may elect to contribute a portion of their salary to the plans and we match a portion of their contributions up to a maximum percentage of the employee’s salary. In addition, profit sharing contributions are made if a targeted earnings level is reached. The total expense for our match and any profit sharing contributions was $19.6, $19.8 and $22.4 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

We also have deferred compensation plans in the United States. One of the plans had an asset and liability of $82.9 and $80.0 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.