Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2014

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2013 and June 30, 2014 (unaudited) and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries, Neonode Technologies AB (“NTAB”) (Sweden), Neonode Americas Inc. (U.S.) (“NAI”), Neonode KK (Japan) (“NJK”), NEON Technology Inc. (U.S.) (“NTI”) and Neno User Interface Solutions AB (Sweden) (“NUIAB”).  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Estimates

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires making estimates and assumptions that affect, at the date of the financial statements, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, collectibility of accounts receivable, recoverability of capitalized project costs and long-lived assets, the valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets and the fair value of options and warrants issued for stock-based compensation.

Concentration of Cash Balance Risks

Concentration of Cash Balance Risks

Cash balances are maintained at various banks in the U.S., Japan and Sweden. At times, deposits held with financial institutions in the U.S. may exceed the amount of insurance provided by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), which provides basic deposit coverage with limits up to $250,000 per owner. The Swedish government provides insurance coverage up to 100,000 euro per customer and covers deposits in all types of accounts. The Japanese government provides insurance coverage up to 10,000,000 Yen per customer. As of June 30, 2014, we had approximately $11.6 million in excess of insurance limits.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts  

Our accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value. Our policy is to maintain allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Credit limits are established through a process of reviewing the financial history and stability of each customer. Where appropriate, we obtain credit rating reports and financial statements of the customer when determining or modifying its credit limits. We regularly evaluate the collectibility of our trade receivable balances based on a combination of factors. When a customer’s account balance becomes past due, we initiate dialogue with the customer to determine the cause. If it is determined that the customer will be unable to meet its financial obligation, such as in the case of a bankruptcy filing, deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position or other material events impacting its business, we record a specific allowance to reduce the related receivable to the amount we expect to recover. Should all efforts fail to recover the related receivable, we will write-off the account. We also record an allowance based on certain other factors including the length of time the receivables are past due and historical collection experience with customers. We determined that an allowance for doubtful accounts was not necessary at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Projects in process

Projects in Process

Projects in process consist of costs incurred toward the completion of various projects for certain customers. These costs are primarily comprised of direct engineering labor costs and project-specific equipment costs. These costs are capitalized on our balance sheet as an asset and deferred until revenue for each project is recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition policy.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method based upon estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Estimated useful lives

Computer equipment	3 years
Furniture and  fixtures	5 years

Equipment purchased under capital leases is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter.

Upon retirement or sale of property and equipment, cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any gains or losses are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

Long-lived Assets

Long-lived Assets

We assess any impairment by estimating the future cash flow from the associated asset in accordance with relevant accounting guidance. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flow related to these assets decreases or the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, we may incur charges for impairment of these assets.  As of June 30, 2014, we believe there is no impairment of our long-lived assets. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions will not change or sufficient demand for our products and services will materialize, which could result in impairment of long-lived assets in the future.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses

Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency, the Swedish Krona and Japanese Yen. The translation from Swedish Krona and Japanese Yen to U.S. Dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for income statement accounts using a weighted-average exchange rate during the period. Foreign currency translation gains were $30,000 and $65,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, compared to translation gains of $41,000 and $54,000 during the same periods in 2013, respectively. Gains or losses resulting from translation are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and were $8,000 and $34,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $87,000 and $124,000 during the same periods in 2013, respectively.

Concentration of Credit and Business Risks

Concentration of Credit and Business Risks

Our customers are located in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

As of December 31, 2013, two customers represented approximately 56% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable. 

As of June 30, 2014, three customers represented approximately 79% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable. 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, six and four customers represented approximately 75% and 56% of our consolidated net revenues, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, four and three customers represented approximately 58% and 60% of our consolidated net revenues, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Licensing Revenues:

We derive revenue from the licensing of internally developed intellectual property (“IP”). We enter into IP licensing agreements that generally provide licensees the right to incorporate our IP components in their products with terms and conditions that vary by licensee. The IP licensing agreements generally include a nonexclusive license for the underlying IP. Fees under these agreements may include license fees relating to our IP and royalties payable following the distribution by our licensees of products incorporating the licensed technology. The license for our IP has standalone value and can be used by the licensee without maintenance and support. We follow U.S. GAAP for revenue recognition as per unit royalty products are distributed or licensed by our customers.  For technology license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying technology, we recognize technology license revenue when: (1) we enter into a legally binding arrangement with a customer for the license of technology; (2) the customer distributes or licenses the products; (3) the customer payment is deemed fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Our customers report to us the quantities of products distributed or licensed by them after the end of the reporting period stipulated in the contract, generally 30 to 45 days after the end of the month or quarter. Effective October 16, 2013, we determined it was appropriate to recognize licensing revenue in the period in which royalty reports are received from customers. Prior to October 16, 2013, we recognized licensing revenue in the period in which the products were distributed by our customers.

Explicit return rights are not offered to customers. There have been no returns through June 30, 2014.

Engineering Services:

We may sell engineering consulting services to our customers on a flat rate or hourly rate basis. We recognize revenue from these services when all of the following conditions are met: (1) evidence existed of an arrangement with the customer, typically consisting of a purchase order or contract; (2) our services were performed and risk of loss passed to the customer; (3) we completed all of the necessary terms of the contract; (4) the amount of revenue to which we were entitled was fixed or determinable; and (5) we believed it was probable that we would be able to collect the amount due from the customer. To the extent that one or more of these conditions has not been satisfied, we defer recognition of revenue.  Generally, we recognize revenue as the engineering services stipulated under the contract are completed and accepted by our customers.  Engineering services performed under a signed Statement of Work (“SOW”) with a customer are accounted for under the completed contract method, as these SOW’s are short-term in nature and our total contract costs are difficult to estimate. Estimated losses on SOW projects are recognized in full as soon as they become evident.

Deferred revenue

Deferred Revenue

From time-to-time we receive pre-payments from our customers related to future services or future license fee revenues. We defer the license fees until we have met all accounting requirements for revenue recognition as per unit royalty products are distributed or licensed by our customers and the engineering development fee revenue until such time as the engineering work has been completed and accepted by our customers.

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 amounted to approximately $23,000 and $129,000, respectively. Advertising costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 amounted to approximately $5,000 and $85,000, respectively.

Product Research and Development

Product Research and Development

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs consist mainly of personnel related costs in addition to some external consultancy costs such as testing, certifying and measurements.

Stock-based compensation expense

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including stock options, based on the fair value of the award on the grant date, and recognize the value as compensation expense over the period the employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures.

 We account for equity instruments issued to non-employees at their fair value. The measurement date for the fair value for the equity instruments issued is determined at the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance by the consultant or vendor is reached, or (ii) the date at which the consultant or vendor’s performance is complete. In the case of equity instruments issued to consultants, the fair value of the equity instruments is primarily recognized over the term of the consulting agreement. The fair value of the stock-based compensation is periodically re-measured and expense is recognized during the vesting term.

When determining stock-based compensation expense involving options and warrants, we determine the estimated fair value of options and warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. We estimate income taxes based on rates in effect in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The realization of deferred tax assets is based on historical tax positions and expectations about future taxable income. Valuation allowances are recorded against net deferred tax assets when, in our opinion, realization is uncertain based on the “more likely than not” criteria of the accounting guidance.

Based on the uncertainty of future pre-tax income, we fully reserved our net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. The provision for income taxes represents the net change in deferred tax amounts, plus income taxes paid or payable for the current period.

We follow U.S. GAAP related to uncertain tax positions, which provisions include a two-step approach to recognizing, de-recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions.  As a result, we did not recognize a liability for unrecognized tax benefits. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we had no unrecognized tax benefits.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Net loss per share amounts have been computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net loss per share, assuming dilution amounts from common stock equivalents, is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potential common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. The weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potential common stock equivalents used in computing the net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 exclude the potential common stock equivalents, as the effect would be anti-dilutive (See Note 8).

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Our comprehensive loss includes foreign currency translation gains and losses.  The cumulative amount of translation gains and losses are reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as accumulated other comprehensive income.

Cash Flow Information

Cash Flow Information

Cash flows in foreign currencies have been converted to U.S. dollars at an approximate weighted-average exchange rate for the respective reporting periods. The weighted-average exchange rate for the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was 6.60 and 6.56 Swedish Krona to one U.S. Dollar for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The weighted-average exchange rate for the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was 6.53 and 6.50 Swedish Krona to one U.S. Dollar for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The exchange rate for the consolidated balance sheets was 6.74 and 6.48 Swedish Krona to one U.S. Dollar as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  The weighted-average exchange rate for the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was 102.12 and 98.75 Japanese Yen to one U.S. Dollar for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The weighted-average exchange rate for the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was 102.47 and 95.49 Japanese Yen to one U.S. Dollar for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The exchange rate for the consolidated balance sheet was 101.40 and 94.16 Japanese Yen to one U.S. Dollar as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-11, “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists” ASU 2013-11 provides explicit guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. The guidance is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013, with an option for early adoption. We adopted this guidance at the beginning of our first quarter of fiscal year 2014, and did not determine there is any impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 amends the guidance for revenue recognition to replace numerous, industry specific requirements and converges areas under this topic with those of the International Financial Reporting Standards. The ASU implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. The amendment also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions include the capitalization and amortization of certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is prohibited. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. We are currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.