0000928816-15-001367.txt : 20150928 0000928816-15-001367.hdr.sgml : 20150928 20150928161914 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000928816-15-001367 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 485BPOS PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 25 FILED AS OF DATE: 20150928 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20150928 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20150930 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794615 IRS NUMBER: 043057637 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0228 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-05802 FILM NUMBER: 151127655 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQU CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND/MA CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794616 IRS NUMBER: 046626129 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-08924 FILM NUMBER: 151127656 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 617-292-1000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 021009 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000857463 IRS NUMBER: 043073948 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0630 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-32550 FILM NUMBER: 151127658 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000857463 IRS NUMBER: 043073948 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0630 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-05977 FILM NUMBER: 151127659 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND/MA CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794612 IRS NUMBER: 046626128 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-04527 FILM NUMBER: 151127661 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND / CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794611 IRS NUMBER: 046626130 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-08923 FILM NUMBER: 151127662 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 617-292-14 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000869392 IRS NUMBER: 046665534 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-37992 FILM NUMBER: 151127666 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: PUTNAM INVESTMENTS INC STREET 2: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE MAIL STOP A 14 CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 8002251585 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2 LIBERTY SQUARE STREET 2: MAIL STOP L6 CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND/MA CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794616 IRS NUMBER: 046626129 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-04528 FILM NUMBER: 151127657 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 617-292-1000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 021009 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND/MA CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794612 IRS NUMBER: 046626128 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-08916 FILM NUMBER: 151127660 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND / CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794611 IRS NUMBER: 046626130 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-04529 FILM NUMBER: 151127663 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 617-292-14 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000869392 IRS NUMBER: 046665534 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-06258 FILM NUMBER: 151127667 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: PUTNAM INVESTMENTS INC STREET 2: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE MAIL STOP A 14 CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 8002251585 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2 LIBERTY SQUARE STREET 2: MAIL STOP L6 CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000794615 IRS NUMBER: 043057637 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0228 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-28321 FILM NUMBER: 151127654 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQU CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND/MA/ CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000792288 IRS NUMBER: 046626127 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-05416 FILM NUMBER: 151127664 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND /MA/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND/MA/ CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000792288 IRS NUMBER: 046626127 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-04518 FILM NUMBER: 151127665 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQ CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND /MA/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920609 0000792288 S000006210 PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND C000017118 Class C Shares C000017119 Class M Shares C000017120 Class A Shares PXMAX C000017121 Class B Shares PMABX C000060571 CLASS Y 0000794611 S000006217 PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND / C000017140 Class M Shares C000017141 Class A Shares PXMIX C000017142 Class B Shares PMEBX C000039834 Class C Shares C000060570 CLASS Y 0000794612 S000006218 PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II C000017143 Class M Shares C000017144 Class A Shares PXMNX C000017145 Class B Shares PMTBX C000039836 Class C Shares C000060573 CLASS Y 0000794615 S000006567 PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND C000017914 Class M Shares C000017915 Class A Shares PTEPX C000017916 Class B Shares PPNBX C000039842 Class C Shares C000060576 CLASS Y 0000794616 S000006390 PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND II C000017546 Class M Shares C000017547 Class A Shares PXOHX C000017548 Class B Shares POXBX C000039840 Class C Shares C000060574 CLASS Y 0000857463 S000006252 PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND C000017197 Class M Shares C000017198 Class A Shares PTNJX C000017199 Class B Shares PNJBX C000039838 Class C Shares C000060575 CLASS Y 0000869392 S000005506 PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND C000014989 Class M Shares C000014990 Class A Shares PTAZX C000014991 Class B Shares PAZBX C000039832 Class C Shares C000060572 CLASS Y 485BPOS 1 a_teif485b.htm PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUNDS a_teif485b.htm
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on   
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September 28, 2015   
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION   
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549   
----------------   
FORM N-1A   
 
    ---- 
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  / X / 
    ---- 
    ---- 
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.  /    / 
    ---- 
    ---- 
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  Post-Effective Amendment No. 31  / X / 
</R>     
  and  ---- 
    ---- 
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY  / X / 
  ACT OF 1940  ---- 
    ---- 
<R>     
  Amendment No. 32  / X / 
</R>     
  (Check appropriate box or boxes)  ---- 
---------------   
 
PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
(Registration No. 33-37992; 811-06258)   
 
PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
(Registration No. 33-32550; 811-05977)   
 
(Exact name of registrants as specified in charter)   

 



    ---- 
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  / X / 
    ---- 
    ---- 
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.  /    / 
    ---- 
    ---- 
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  Post-Effective Amendment No. 40  / X / 
</R>     
  and  ---- 
    ---- 
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY  / X / 
  ACT OF 1940  ---- 
    ---- 
<R>     
  Amendment No. 41  / X / 
</R>     
  (Check appropriate box or boxes)  ---- 
---------------   
 
PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
Registration No. 33-5416; 811-04518   
 
PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
Registration No. 33-8923; 811-04529   
 
PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
Registration No. 33-8916; 811-04527   
 
PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
Registration No. 33-8924; 811-04528   
 
(Exact name of registrants as specified in charter)   

 



    ---- 
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  / X / 
    ---- 
    ---- 
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.  /    / 
    ---- 
    ---- 
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  Post-Effective Amendment No. 33  / X / 
</R>     
  and  ---- 
    ---- 
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY  / X / 
  ACT OF 1940  ---- 
    ---- 
<R>     
  Amendment No. 34  / X / 
</R>     
  (Check appropriate box or boxes)  ---- 
---------------   
 
PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND   
(Registration No. 33-28321; 811-05802)   
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)   
 
One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109   
(Address of principal executive offices)   
Registrants' Telephone Number, including Area Code (617) 292-1000   

 



  --------------- 
 
  It is proposed that this filing will become effective 
  (check appropriate box) 
----   
/    /  immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) 
----   
----   
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/ X /  on September 30, 2015 pursuant to paragraph (b) 
</R>   
----   
----   
/    /  60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) 
----   
----   
/    /  on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) 
----   
----   
/    /  75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) 
----   
----   
/    /  on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. 
----   
 
If appropriate, check the following box: 
----   
/    /  this post-effective amendment designates a new 
----  effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. 
 
 
  -------------- 
  ROBERT T. BURNS, Vice President 
  PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
  One Post Office Square 
  Boston, Massachusetts 02109 
  (Name and address of agent for service) 
  --------------- 

 



Copy to:
BRYAN CHEGWIDDEN, Esquire 
ROPES & GRAY LLP
1211 Avenue of the Americas 
New York, New York 10036 
----------------------

 


 

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frontcover.jpg

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Fund summaries


Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Arizona personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

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Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses Expense reimbursement# Total annual fund operating expenses after expense reimbursement
Class A 0.43% 0.22%† 0.27% 0.92% (0.01)% 0.91%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.27% 1.55% (0.01)% 1.54%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.27% 1.70% (0.01)% 1.69%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.27% 1.20% (0.01)% 1.19%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.27% 0.70% (0.01)% 0.69%

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     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.



2          Prospectus







 

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.

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     #  Reflects Putnam Investment Management, LLC’s contractual obligation to limit certain fund expenses through September 30, 2016. This obligation may be modified or discontinued only with approval of the Board of Trustees.

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Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Only the first year of each period in the example takes into account the expense reimbursement described above. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
Class A $489 $681 $888 $1,485
Class B $657 $789 $1,044 $1,675
Class B (no redemption) $157 $489 $844 $1,675
Class C $272 $535 $922 $2,008
Class C (no redemption) $172 $535 $922 $2,008
Class M $442 $693 $962 $1,731
Class Y $70 $223 $389 $870

Portfolio turnover

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The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 23%.

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Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

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We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Arizona personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without



Prospectus          3







 

the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

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Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

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The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

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The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



4          Prospectus







 

 

 

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Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage5.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 5.03% 3.88% 3.74%
Class A after taxes on distributions 5.03% 3.87% 3.71%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 4.36% 3.86% 3.77%
Class B before taxes 3.73% 3.73% 3.63%
Class C before taxes 7.54% 3.93% 3.38%
Class M before taxes 5.42% 3.72% 3.52%
Class Y before taxes 9.63% 4.98% 4.33%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

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After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 1999

For important information about the purchase and sale of fund shares, tax information, and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to Important additional information about all funds beginning on page 30.



Prospectus          5







 

Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Massachusetts personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses
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Class A 0.43% 0.23%† 0.11% 0.77%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.11% 1.39%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.11% 1.54%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.11% 1.04%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.11% 0.54%
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     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.



6          Prospectus







 

Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
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Class A $475 $636 $811 $1,316
</R>
Class B $642 $740 $961 $1,499
Class B (no redemption) $142 $440 $761 $1,499
Class C $257 $486 $839 $1,834
Class C (no redemption) $157 $486 $839 $1,834
Class M $428 $645 $880 $1,555
Class Y $55 $173 $302 $677

Portfolio turnover

The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 8%.

Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

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We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Massachusetts personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

</R>



Prospectus          7







 

Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



8          Prospectus







 

 

 

<R>

Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage9.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 5.51% 4.15% 4.07%
Class A after taxes on distributions 5.48% 4.09% 4.00%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 4.59% 4.02% 3.99%
Class B before taxes 4.24% 4.01% 3.96%
Class C before taxes 7.93% 4.18% 3.68%
Class M before taxes 6.04% 4.02% 3.86%
Class Y before taxes 10.13% 5.23% 4.67%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

</R>

After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

For important information about the purchase and sale of fund shares, tax information, and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to Important additional information about all funds beginning on page 30.



Prospectus          9







 

Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Michigan personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses
<R>
Class A 0.43% 0.22%† 0.21% 0.86%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.21% 1.49%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.21% 1.64%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.21% 1.14%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.21% 0.64%
</R>

     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.



10          Prospectus







 

Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
<R>
Class A $484 $663 $858 $1,418
Class B $652 $771 $1,013 $1,609
Class B (no redemption) $152 $471 $813 $1,609
Class C $267 $517 $892 $1,944
Class C (no redemption) $167 $517 $892 $1,944
Class M $437 $675 $932 $1,666
Class Y $65 $205 $357 $798
</R>

Portfolio turnover

<R>

The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 12%.

</R>

Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

<R>

We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Michigan personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

</R>



Prospectus          11







 

Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



12          Prospectus







 

 

 

<R>

Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage13.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 5.29% 3.81% 3.71%
Class A after taxes on distributions 5.29% 3.80% 3.70%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 4.43% 3.75% 3.69%
Class B before taxes 4.00% 3.66% 3.60%
Class C before taxes 7.82% 3.85% 3.33%
Class M before taxes 5.81% 3.68% 3.49%
Class Y before taxes 9.90% 4.91% 4.30%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

</R>

After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 1999

For important information about the purchase and sale of fund shares, tax information, and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to Important additional information about all funds beginning on page 30.



Prospectus          13







 

Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Minnesota personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses
<R>
Class A 0.43% 0.23%† 0.17% 0.83%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.17% 1.45%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.17% 1.60%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.17% 1.10%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.17% 0.60%
</R>

     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.



14          Prospectus







 

Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
Class A $481 $654 $842 $1,384
Class B $648 $759 $992 $1,567
Class B (no redemption) $148 $459 $792 $1,567
Class C $263 $505 $871 $1,900
Class C (no redemption) $163 $505 $871 $1,900
Class M $434 $663 $911 $1,622
Class Y $61 $192 $335 $750

Portfolio turnover

<R>

The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 6%.

</R>

Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

<R>

We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Minnesota personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

</R>



Prospectus          15







 

Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



16          Prospectus







 

 

 

<R>

Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage17.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 3.82% 3.94% 3.77%
Class A after taxes on distributions 3.82% 3.89% 3.74%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 3.51% 3.80% 3.71%
Class B before taxes 2.39% 3.81% 3.67%
Class C before taxes 6.33% 4.02% 3.42%
Class M before taxes 4.25% 3.82% 3.56%
Class Y before taxes 8.38% 5.05% 4.38%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

</R>

After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 1999

For important information about the purchase and sale of fund shares, tax information, and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to Important additional information about all funds beginning on page 30.



Prospectus          17







 

Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and New Jersey personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses
<R>
Class A 0.43% 0.23%† 0.12% 0.78%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.12% 1.40%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.12% 1.55%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.12% 1.05%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.12% 0.55%
</R>

     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.



18          Prospectus







 

Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
<R>
Class A $476 $639 $816 $1,327
Class B $643 $743 $966 $1,510
Class B (no redemption) $143 $443 $766 $1,510
Class C $258 $490 $845 $1,845
Class C (no redemption) $158 $490 $845 $1,845
Class M $429 $648 $886 $1,566
Class Y $56 $176 $307 $689
</R>

Portfolio turnover

<R>

The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 10%.

</R>

Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

<R>

We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and New Jersey personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

</R>



Prospectus          19







 

Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



20          Prospectus







 

 

 

<R>

Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage21.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 4.49% 3.51% 3.81%
Class A after taxes on distributions 4.47% 3.50% 3.80%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 4.07% 3.55% 3.81%
Class B before taxes 3.18% 3.37% 3.69%
Class C before taxes 7.00% 3.58% 3.45%
Class M before taxes 5.02% 3.39% 3.61%
Class Y before taxes 9.19% 4.61% 4.42%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

</R>

After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 1999

For important information about the purchase and sale of fund shares, tax information, and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to Important additional information about all funds beginning on page 30.



Prospectus          21







 

Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Ohio personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses
<R>
Class A 0.43% 0.23%† 0.14% 0.80%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.14% 1.42%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.14% 1.57%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.14% 1.07%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.14% 0.57%
</R>

     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.



22          Prospectus







 

Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
<R>
Class A $478 $645 $826 $1,350
Class B $645 $749 $976 $1,533
Class B (no redemption) $145 $449 $776 $1,533
Class C $260 $496 $855 $1,867
Class C (no redemption) $160 $496 $855 $1,867
Class M $431 $654 $896 $1,588
Class Y $58 $183 $318 $714
</R>

Portfolio turnover

<R>

The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 16%.

</R>

Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

<R>

We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Ohio personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

</R>



Prospectus          23







 

Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



24          Prospectus







 

 

 

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Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage25.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 3.90% 3.35% 3.51%
Class A after taxes on distributions 3.90% 3.34% 3.50%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 3.67% 3.41% 3.55%
Class B before taxes 2.57% 3.20% 3.40%
Class C before taxes 6.40% 3.39% 3.14%
Class M before taxes 4.31% 3.21% 3.29%
Class Y before taxes 8.47% 4.43% 4.10%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

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After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 1999

For important information about the purchase and sale of fund shares, tax information, and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to Important additional information about all funds beginning on page 30.



Prospectus          25







 

Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund


Goal

Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Pennsylvania personal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital.

Fees and expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in How do I buy fund shares? beginning on page 38 of the fund’s prospectus and in How to buy shares beginning on page II-1 of the fund’s statement of additional information (SAI).

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Share class Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)
Class A 4.00% 1.00%*
Class B NONE 5.00%**
Class C NONE 1.00%***
Class M 3.25% NONE
Class Y NONE NONE

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Share class Management fees Distribution and service (12b-1) fees Other expenses Total annual fund operating expenses
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Class A 0.43% 0.23%† 0.12% 0.78%
Class B 0.43% 0.85% 0.12% 1.40%
Class C 0.43% 1.00% 0.12% 1.55%
Class M 0.43% 0.50% 0.12% 1.05%
Class Y 0.43% N/A 0.12% 0.55%
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     *  Applies only to certain redemptions of shares bought with no initial sales charge.

    **  This charge is phased out over six years.

  ***  This charge is eliminated after one year.

     †  Represents a blended rate.



26          Prospectus







 

Example

The following hypothetical example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then, except as indicated, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Share class 1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
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Class A $476 $639 $816 $1,327
Class B $643 $743 $966 $1,510
Class B (no redemption) $143 $443 $766 $1,510
Class C $258 $490 $845 $1,845
Class C (no redemption) $158 $490 $845 $1,845
Class M $429 $648 $886 $1,566
Class Y $56 $176 $307 $689
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Portfolio turnover

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The fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect fund performance. The fund’s turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 22%.

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Investments, risks, and performance

Investments

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We invest mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Pennsylvania personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders. We may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

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Prospectus          27







 

Risks

It is important to understand that you can lose money by investing in the fund.

The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer. Bond markets may, in response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity.

The risks associated with bond investments include interest rate risk, which means the value of the fund’s investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Bond investments also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuers of the fund’s investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Since the fund invests in tax-exempt bonds, which, to be treated as tax-exempt under the Internal Revenue Code, may be issued only by limited types of issuers for limited types of projects, the fund’s investments may be focused in certain market segments. Consequently, the fund may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the values of the securities it holds than a fund that invests more broadly. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Investments in a single state carry risks of vulnerability to common economic forces and other factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments, which may result in greater losses and volatility. Interest the fund receives might be taxable.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

The performance information below gives some indication of the risks associated with an investment in the fund by showing the fund’s performance year to year and over time. The bar chart does not reflect the impact of sales charges. If it did, performance would be lower. Please remember that past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results. Monthly performance figures for the fund are available at putnam.com.



28          Prospectus







 

 

 

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Annual total returns for class A shares before sales charges

 

chartpage29.jpg


Average annual total returns after sales charges
(for periods ending 12/31/14)

Share class 1 year 5 years 10 years
Class A before taxes 5.03% 3.66% 3.64%
Class A after taxes on distributions 5.03% 3.66% 3.64%
Class A after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares 4.37% 3.68% 3.67%
Class B before taxes 3.75% 3.50% 3.54%
Class C before taxes 7.57% 3.71% 3.28%
Class M before taxes 5.56% 3.52% 3.43%
Class Y before taxes 9.65% 4.75% 4.24%
Barclays Municipal Bond Index (no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 9.05% 5.16% 4.74%

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After-tax returns reflect the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are shown for class A shares only and will vary for other classes. These after-tax returns do not apply if you hold your fund shares through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or another tax-advantaged arrangement.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after eight years.

Your fund’s management

Investment advisor

Putnam Investment Management, LLC

Portfolio managers

Thalia Meehan, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2006

Paul Drury, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 2002

Susan McCormack, Portfolio Manager, portfolio manager of the fund since 1999



Prospectus          29







 

Important additional information about all funds

Purchase and sale of fund shares

You can open an account, purchase and/or sell fund shares, or exchange them for shares of another Putnam fund by contacting your financial advisor or by calling Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581.

When opening an account, you must complete and mail a Putnam account application, along with a check made payable to the fund, to: Putnam Investor Services, P.O. Box 8383, Boston, MA 02266-8383. The minimum initial investment of $500 is currently waived, although Putnam reserves the right to reject initial investments under $500 at its discretion. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.

You can sell your shares back to the fund or exchange them for shares of another Putnam fund any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open. Shares may be sold or exchanged by mail, by phone, or online at putnam.com. Some restrictions may apply.

Tax information

The fund intends to distribute income that is exempt from federal income tax and personal income tax of the state identified in the fund’s name, but distributions will be subject to federal income tax to the extent attributable to other income, including income earned by the fund on investments in taxable securities or capital gains realized on the disposition of its investments.

Financial intermediary compensation

If you purchase the fund through a broker/dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or financial advisor), the fund and its related companies may pay that intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. Please bear in mind that these payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker/dealer or other intermediary to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your advisor or visit your advisor’s website for more information.

What are each fund’s main investment strategies and related risks?

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This section contains greater detail on each fund’s main investment strategies and the related risks you would face as a fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind that risk and reward generally go hand in hand; the higher the potential reward, the greater the risk. As mentioned in the fund summaries, we pursue each fund’s goal by investing mainly in tax-exempt investments that are investment-grade in quality. Under normal circumstances, we invest



30          Prospectus







 

at least 80% of a fund’s net assets in tax-exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of a fund’s shareholders. Certain states may impose additional requirements on the composition of a fund’s portfolio in order for distributions from that fund to be exempt from state taxes.

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  • Tax-exempt investments. These investments are issued by or for states, territories or possessions of the United States or by their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities or other government entities. These investments are issued to raise money for public purposes, such as loans for the construction of housing, schools or hospitals, or to provide temporary financing in anticipation of the receipt of taxes and other revenue. They also include private activity obligations of public authorities to finance privately owned or operated facilities. Changes in law or adverse determinations by the Internal Revenue Service or a state tax authority could make the income from some of these obligations taxable. Investments in securities of issuers located outside the applicable state may be applied toward meeting a requirement to invest in a tax-exempt investment if the security pays interest that is exempt from federal and the applicable state’s income tax.

Interest income from private activity bonds may be subject to federal AMT for individuals. As a policy that cannot be changed without the approval of fund shareholders, we cannot include these investments for the purpose of complying with the 80% investment policies described above. Corporate shareholders will be required to include all exempt interest dividends in determining their federal AMT. For more information, including possible state, local and other taxes, contact your tax advisor.

  • General obligations. These are backed by the issuer’s authority to levy taxes and are considered an obligation of the issuer. They are payable from the issuer’s general unrestricted revenues, although payment may depend upon government appropriation or aid from other governments. These investments may be vulnerable to legal limits on a government’s power to raise revenue or increase taxes, as well as economic or other developments that can reduce revenues.
  • Special revenue obligations. These are payable from revenue earned by a particular project or other revenue source. They include private activity bonds such as industrial development bonds, which are paid only from the revenues of the private owners or operators of the facilities. Investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project or the private company operating the project rather than the credit of the state or local government authority issuing the bonds. Special revenue obligations are typically subject to greater



Prospectus          31







 

credit risk than general obligations because of the relatively limited source of revenue.

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  • Interest rate risk. The values of bonds and other debt instruments usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Declining interest rates generally increase the value of existing debt instruments, and rising interest rates generally decrease the value of existing debt instruments. Changes in a debt instrument’s value usually will not affect the amount of interest income paid to a fund, but will affect the value of a fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for investments with longer maturities.

Some investments give the issuer the option to call or redeem an investment before its maturity date. If an issuer calls or redeems an investment during a time of declining interest rates, we might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore, a fund might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates.

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  • Credit risk. Investors normally expect to be compensated in proportion to the risk they are assuming. Thus, debt of issuers with poor credit prospects usually offers higher yields than debt of issuers with more secure credit. Higher-rated investments generally have lower credit risk.

We invest mostly in investment-grade debt investments. These are rated at least BBB or its equivalent at the time of purchase by a nationally recognized securities rating agency, or are unrated investments that we believe are of comparable quality. We may invest up to 25% of a fund’s total assets in non-investment-grade investments. However, we will not invest in investments that are rated lower than BB or its equivalent by each agency rating the investment, or are unrated securities that we believe are of comparable quality. We will not necessarily sell an investment if its rating is reduced after we buy it.

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Investments rated below BBB or its equivalent are below-investment-grade (sometimes referred to as “junk bonds”). This rating reflects a greater possibility that the issuers may be unable to make timely payments of interest and principal and thus default. If default occurs, or is perceived as likely to occur, the values of those investments will usually be more volatile and are likely to fall. A default or expected default could also make it difficult for us to sell the investments at prices approximating the values we had previously placed on them. Tax-exempt debt, particularly lower-rated tax-exempt debt, usually has a more limited market than taxable debt, which may at times make it difficult for us to buy or sell certain debt instruments or to establish their fair value. Credit risk is generally greater for investments that are issued at less than their face value and that are required to make interest payments only at maturity rather than at intervals during the life of the investment.

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32          Prospectus







 

We may buy investments that are insured as to the payment of principal and interest in the event the issuer defaults. Any reduction in the insurer’s ability to pay claims may adversely affect the value of insured investments and, consequently, the value of a fund’s shares.

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  • Focus of investments. We may make significant investments in a particular segment of the tax-exempt debt market, such as tobacco settlement bonds or revenue bonds for health care facilities, housing or airports. These investments may cause the value of a fund’s shares to fluctuate more than the values of shares of funds that invest in a greater variety of investments. Certain events may adversely affect all investments within a particular market segment. Examples include legislation or court decisions, concerns about pending legislation or court decisions, and lower demand for the services or products provided by a particular market segment.

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Investing mostly in tax-exempt investments of a single state makes a fund more vulnerable to that state’s economy and to factors affecting tax-exempt issuers in that state than would be true for a more geographically diversified fund. These risks include:

  • the inability or perceived inability of a government authority to collect sufficient tax or other revenues to meet its payment obligations,
  • the introduction of constitutional or statutory limits on a tax-exempt issuer’s ability to raise revenues or increase taxes, and
  • economic or demographic factors that may cause a decrease in tax or other revenues for a government authority or for private operators of publicly financed facilities.

In addition, because of the relatively small number of issuers of tax-exempt securities, we are more likely to invest a higher percentage of assets in a single issuer. We may, therefore, be more exposed to the risk of loss due to investing in relatively fewer issuers than a fund that invests more broadly.

At times, the funds and other accounts that Putnam Management and its affiliates manage may own all or most of the debt of a particular issuer. This concentration of ownership may make it more difficult to sell, or to determine the fair value of, these investments.

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  • Derivatives. We may engage in a variety of transactions involving derivatives, such as futures, options, swap contracts and inverse floaters, although they do not represent a primary focus of the funds. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, pools of investments or indexes. We may make use of “short” derivatives positions, the values of which typically move in the opposite direction from the price of the



Prospectus          33







 

underlying investment, pool of investments, or index. We may use derivatives both for hedging and non-hedging purposes, such as to modify the behavior of an investment so that it responds differently than it would otherwise respond to changes in a particular interest rate. For example, derivatives may increase or decrease an investment’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates or cause the value of an investment to move in the opposite direction from prevailing short-term or long-term interest rates. We may also use derivatives as a substitute for a direct investment in the securities of one or more issuers. However, we may also choose not to use derivatives, based on our evaluation of market conditions or the availability of suitable derivatives. Investments in derivatives may be applied toward meeting a requirement to invest in a particular kind of investment if the derivatives have economic characteristics similar to that investment.

Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses. The successful use of derivatives depends on our ability to manage these sophisticated instruments. Some derivatives are “leveraged,” which means they provide a fund with investment exposure greater than the value of a fund’s investment in the derivatives. As a result, these derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to a fund. The risk of loss from certain short derivatives positions is theoretically unlimited. The value of derivatives may move in unexpected ways due to the use of leverage or other factors, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility.

Other risks arise from the potential inability to terminate or sell derivatives positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the fund’s derivatives positions. In fact, many over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) will not be liquid. Over-the-counter instruments also involve the risk that the other party to the derivatives transaction will not meet its obligations. For further information about the risks of derivatives, see Miscellaneous Investments, Investment Practices and Risks in the SAI.

  • Market risk. The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific issuer or industry. These factors may also lead to periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity in the bond markets. During those periods, the fund may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions, and may have to sell securities at times when it would otherwise not do so, and at unfavorable prices.

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34          Prospectus







 

  • Other investments. In addition to the main investment strategies described above, a fund may also make other types of investments, which may produce taxable income and be subject to other risks, as described under Miscellaneous Investments, Investment Practices and Risks in the SAI.

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  • Temporary defensive strategies. In response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, we may take temporary defensive positions, such as investing some or all of a fund’s assets in cash and cash equivalents, that differ from the fund’s usual investment strategies. However, we may choose not to use these temporary defensive strategies for a variety of reasons, even in very volatile market conditions. These strategies may cause a fund to miss out on investment opportunities, and may prevent a fund from achieving its goal. Additionally, while temporary defensive strategies are mainly designed to limit losses, such strategies may not work as intended.

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  • Changes in policies. The Trustees may change a fund’s goal, investment strategies and other policies set forth in this prospectus without shareholder approval, except as otherwise provided.

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  • Portfolio turnover rate. A fund’s portfolio turnover rate measures how frequently a fund buys and sells investments. A portfolio turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the fund sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of the fund’s assets within a one-year period. From time to time a fund may engage in frequent trading. Funds with high turnover may be more likely to realize capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income. High turnover may also cause a fund to pay more brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which may detract from performance. A fund’s portfolio turnover rate and the amount of brokerage commissions it pays will vary over time based on market conditions.

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  • Portfolio holdings. The SAI includes a description of each fund’s policies with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings. For more specific information on a fund’s portfolio, you may visit the Putnam Investments website, putnam.com/individual, where each fund’s top 10 holdings and related portfolio information may be viewed monthly beginning approximately 15 days after the end of each month, and full portfolio holdings may be viewed beginning on the last business day of the month after the end of each calendar quarter. This information will remain available on the website until a fund files a Form N-CSR or N-Q with the SEC for the period that includes the date of the information, after which such information can be found on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.



Prospectus          35







 

Who oversees and manages the funds?

The funds’ Trustees

As a shareholder of a mutual fund, you have certain rights and protections, including representation by a Board of Trustees. The Putnam Funds’ Board of Trustees oversees the general conduct of the funds’ business and represents the interests of the Putnam fund shareholders. At least 75% of the members of the Putnam Funds’ Board of Trustees are independent, which means they are not officers of the funds or affiliated with Putnam Investment Management, LLC (Putnam Management).

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The Trustees periodically review each fund’s investment performance and the quality of other services such as administration, custody, and investor services. At least annually, the Trustees review the fees paid to Putnam Management and its affiliates for providing or overseeing these services, as well as the overall level of each fund’s operating expenses. In carrying out their responsibilities, the Trustees are assisted by an administrative staff, auditors and legal counsel that are selected by the Trustees and are independent of Putnam Management and its affiliates.

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Contacting the funds’ Trustees
Address correspondence to:
The Putnam Funds Trustees
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109

The funds’ investment manager

The Trustees have retained Putnam Management, which has managed mutual funds since 1937, to be each fund’s investment manager, responsible for making investment decisions for each fund and managing each fund’s other affairs and business.

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The basis for the Trustees’ approval of each fund’s management contract and the sub-management contract described below is discussed in each fund’s semiannual report to shareholders dated November 30, 2014.

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Each fund pays a monthly management fee to Putnam Management. The fee is calculated by applying a rate to each fund’s average net assets for the month. The rate is based on the monthly average of the aggregate net assets of all open-end funds sponsored by Putnam Management (excluding fund assets that are invested in other Putnam funds), and generally declines as the aggregate net assets increase.



36          Prospectus







 

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The funds paid Putnam Management a management fee (after any applicable waivers) for each fund’s last fiscal year at the following rates (reflected as a percentage of average net assets for each fund’s last fiscal year).

Fund Management Fees (after applicable waivers)
The Arizona Fund 0.41%
The Massachusetts Fund 0.43%
The Michigan Fund 0.43%
The Minnesota Fund 0.43%
The New Jersey Fund 0.43%
The Ohio Fund 0.43%
The Pennsylvania Fund 0.43%

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Putnam Management’s address is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

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Putnam Management has retained its affiliate Putnam Investments Limited (PIL) to make investment decisions for such fund assets as may be designated from time to time for its management by Putnam Management. Putnam Management (and not the funds) will pay a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at the annual rate of 0.40% of the average net asset value (NAV) of any fund assets managed by PIL. PIL, which provides a full range of international investment advisory services to institutional clients, is located at Cassini House, 57–59 St James’s Street, London, England, SW1A 1LD.

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Pursuant to this arrangement, Putnam investment professionals who are based in foreign jurisdictions may serve as portfolio managers of the funds or provide other investment services, consistent with local regulations.

  • Portfolio managers. The officers of Putnam Management identified below are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each fund’s portfolio.
Portfolio managers Joined funds Employer Positions over past five years
Thalia Meehan 2006 Putnam Management
1989 – Present
Portfolio Manager
Previously, Team Leader,
Tax Exempt Fixed Income Team
Paul Drury 2002 Putnam Management
1989 – Present
Portfolio Manager
Previously,
Tax Exempt Specialist
Susan McCormack 1999* Putnam Management
1994 – Present
Portfolio Manager
Previously,
Tax Exempt Specialist

     *  Portfolio manager of The Massachusetts Fund since 2002



Prospectus          37







 

The SAI provides information about these individuals’ compensation, other accounts managed by these individuals and these individuals’ ownership of securities in each fund.

How do the funds price their shares?

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The price of a fund’s shares is based on its NAV. The NAV per share of each class equals the total value of its assets, less its liabilities, divided by the number of its outstanding shares. Shares are only valued as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE each day the exchange is open.

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Each fund values its investments for which market quotations are readily available at market value. It values short-term investments that will mature within 60 days at amortized cost, which approximates market value. It values all other investments and assets at their fair value, which may differ from recent market prices.

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Each fund’s tax-exempt investments are generally valued at fair value on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the fund’s Trustees. Such services determine valuations for normal institutional-size trading units of such securities using information with respect to transactions in the bond being valued, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities, and various relationships, generally recognized by institutional traders, between securities. To the extent a pricing service is unable to value a security or provides a valuation that Putnam Management does not believe accurately reflects the security’s fair value, the security will be valued at fair value by Putnam Management.

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Each fund’s most recent NAV is available on Putnam Investments’ website at putnam.com/individual or by contacting Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581.

How do I buy fund shares?

Opening an account

You can open a fund account and purchase class A, B, C, and M shares by contacting your financial representative or Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581 and obtaining a Putnam account application. The completed application, along with a check made payable to the fund, must then be returned to Putnam Investor Services at the following address:

Putnam Investor Services
P.O. Box 8383
Boston, MA 02266-8383



38          Prospectus







 

You can open a fund account with as little as $500. The minimum investment is waived if you make regular investments weekly, semi-monthly or monthly through automatic deductions from your bank checking or savings account. Although Putnam is currently waiving the minimum, it reserves the right to reject initial investments under the minimum at its discretion.

Each fund sells its shares at the offering price, which is the NAV plus any applicable sales charge (class A and class M shares only). Your financial representative or Putnam Investor Services generally must receive your completed buy order before the close of regular trading on the NYSE for your shares to be bought at that day’s offering price.

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Mutual funds must obtain and verify information that identifies investors opening new accounts. If a fund is unable to collect the required information, Putnam Investor Services may not be able to open your account. Investors must provide their full name, residential or business address, Social Security or tax identification number, and date of birth. Entities, such as trusts, estates, corporations and partnerships, must also provide other identifying information. Putnam Investor Services may share identifying information with third parties for the purpose of verification. If Putnam Investor Services cannot verify identifying information after opening your account, the fund reserves the right to close your account.

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Also, each fund may periodically close to new purchases of shares or refuse any order to buy shares if the fund determines that doing so would be in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

Purchasing additional shares

Once you have an existing account, you can make additional investments at any time in any amount in the following ways:

  • Through a financial representative. Your representative will be responsible for furnishing all necessary documents to Putnam Investor Services and may charge you for his or her services.
  • Through Putnam’s Systematic Investing Program. You can make regular investments weekly, semi-monthly or monthly through automatic deductions from your bank checking or savings account.
  • Via the Internet or phone. If you have an existing Putnam fund account and you have completed and returned an Electronic Investment Authorization Form, you can buy additional shares online at putnam.com or by calling Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581.



Prospectus          39







 

  • By mail. You may also request a book of investment stubs for your account. Complete an investment stub and write a check for the amount you wish to invest, payable to the appropriate fund. Return the check and investment stub to Putnam Investor Services.

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  • By wire transfer. You may buy fund shares by bank wire transfer of same-day funds. Please call Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581 for wiring instructions. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds by wire. The funds will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the funds’ designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you for wiring same-day funds. Although the funds’ designated bank does not currently charge you for receiving same-day funds, it reserves the right to charge for this service. You cannot buy shares for employer-sponsored retirement plans by wire transfer.

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Which class of shares is best for me?

This prospectus offers you four classes of fund shares: A, B, C and M. Certain investors described below may also choose class Y shares. Each share class represents investments in the same portfolio of securities, but each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, as illustrated in the Fund summaries — Fees and expenses section, allowing you and your financial representative to choose the class that best suits your investment needs. When you purchase shares of a fund, you must choose a share class. Deciding which share class best suits your situation depends on a number of factors that you should discuss with your financial representative, including:

  • How long you expect to hold your investment. Class B shares charge a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) on redemptions that is phased out over the first six years; class C shares charge a CDSC on redemptions in the first year.
  • How much you intend to invest. While investments of less than $100,000 can be made in any share class, classes A and M offer sales charge discounts starting at $100,000 and $50,000, respectively.
  • Total expenses associated with each share class. As shown in the section entitled Fund summaries — Fees and expenses, each share class offers a different combination of up-front and ongoing expenses. Generally, the lower the up-front sales charge, the greater the ongoing expenses.

Here is a summary of the differences among the classes of shares

Class A shares

  • Initial sales charge of up to 4.00%
  • Lower sales charges available for investments of $100,000 or more



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  • No deferred sales charge (except that a deferred sales charge of 1.00% may be imposed on certain redemptions of shares bought without an initial sales charge)
  • Lower annual expenses, and higher dividends, than class B, C or M shares because of lower 12b-1 fees.

Class B shares

  • No initial sales charge; your entire investment goes to work immediately
  • Deferred sales charge of up to 5.00% if shares are sold within six years of purchase
  • Higher annual expenses, and lower dividends, than class A or M shares because of higher 12b-1 fees
  • Convert automatically to class A shares after eight years, thereby reducing future 12b-1 fees
  • Orders for class B shares of one or more Putnam funds will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of class A shares (as described below), is $100,000 or more. Investors considering cumulative purchases of $100,000 or more should consider whether class A shares would be more advantageous and consult their financial representative.

Class C shares

  • No initial sales charge; your entire investment goes to work immediately
  • Deferred sales charge of 1.00% if shares are sold within one year of purchase
  • Higher annual expenses, and lower dividends, than class A, B or M shares because of higher 12b-1 fees
  • No conversion to class A shares, so no reduction in future 12b-1 fees
  • Orders for class C shares of one or more Putnam funds will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of class A shares (as described below), is $500,000 or more. Investors considering cumulative purchases of $500,000 or more should consider whether class A shares would be more advantageous and consult their financial representative.

Class M shares

  • Initial sales charge of up to 3.25%
  • Lower sales charges available for investments of $50,000 or more
  • No deferred sales charge
  • Lower annual expenses, and higher dividends, than class B or C shares because of lower 12b-1 fees



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  • Higher annual expenses, and lower dividends, than class A shares because of higher 12b-1 fees
  • No conversion to class A shares, so no reduction in future 12b-1 fees
  • Orders for class M shares of one or more Putnam funds will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of class A shares (as described below), is $500,000 or more. Investors considering cumulative purchases of $500,000 or more should consider whether class A shares would be more advantageous and consult their financial representative.

Class Y shares (available only to investors listed below)

The following investors may purchase class Y shares if approved by Putnam:

  • bank trust departments and trust companies that have entered into agreements with Putnam and offer institutional share class pricing to their clients;
  • college savings plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code;
  • other Putnam funds and Putnam investment products;
  • investors purchasing shares through an asset-based fee program that regularly offers institutional share classes and that is sponsored by a registered broker-dealer or other financial institution;
  • clients of a financial representative who are charged a fee for consulting or similar services;
  • corporations, endowments and foundations that have entered into an arrangement with Putnam;
  • fee-paying clients of a registered investment advisor (RIA) who initially invests for clients an aggregate of at least $100,000 in Putnam funds;
  • investment companies (whether registered or private), both affiliated and unaffiliated with Putnam; and

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  • current and retired Putnam employees and their immediate family members (including an employee’s spouse, domestic partner, fiancé(e), or other family members who are living in the same household), current and retired directors of Putnam Investments, LLC, current and retired Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company employees, and current and retired Trustees of the fund. Upon the departure of any member of this group of individuals from Putnam, Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company, or the fund’s Board of Trustees, the member’s class Y shares convert automatically to class A shares, unless the member’s departure is a retirement, as determined by Putnam in its discretion for employees and directors of Putnam and employees of



42          Prospectus







 

Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company and by the Board of Trustees in its discretion for Trustees.

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Trust companies or bank trust departments that purchased class Y shares for trust accounts may transfer them to the beneficiaries of the trust accounts, who may continue to hold them or exchange them for class Y shares of other Putnam funds.

  • No initial sales charge; your entire investment goes to work immediately
  • No deferred sales charge
  • Lower annual expenses, and higher dividends, than class A, B, C or M shares because of no 12b-1 fees.

Initial sales charges for class A and M shares

  Class A sales charge as a percentage of*: Class M sales charge as a percentage of*:
Amount of purchase at offering price ($) Net amount invested Offering price** Net amount invested Offering price**
Under 50,000 4.17% 4.00% 3.36% 3.25%
50,000 but under 100,000 4.17 4.00 2.30 2.25
100,000 but under 250,000 3.36 3.25 1.27 1.25
250,000 but under 500,000 2.56 2.50 1.01 1.00
500,000 and above NONE NONE N/A*** N/A***

     *  Because of rounding in the calculation of offering price and the number of shares purchased, actual sales charges you pay may be more or less than these percentages.

    **  Offering price includes sales charge.

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  ***  The funds will not accept purchase orders for class M shares (other than by employer-sponsored retirement plans) where the total of the current purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation (as described below) is $500,000 or more.

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Reducing your class A or class M sales charge

Each fund offers two principal ways for you to qualify for discounts on initial sales charges on class A and class M shares, often referred to as “breakpoint discounts”:

  • Right of accumulation. You can add the amount of your current purchases of class A or class M shares of a fund and other Putnam funds to the value of your existing accounts in the fund and other Putnam funds. Individuals can also include purchases by, and accounts owned by, their spouse and minor children, including accounts established through different financial representatives. For your current purchases, you will pay the initial sales charge applicable to the total value of the linked accounts and purchases, which may be lower than the sales charge otherwise applicable to each of your current purchases. Shares of Putnam money market funds, other than



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money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Putnam funds, are not included for purposes of the right of accumulation.

To calculate the total value of your existing accounts and any linked accounts, a fund will use the higher of (a) the current maximum public offering price of those shares or (b) if you purchased the shares after December 31, 2007, the initial value of the total purchases, or, if you held the shares on December 31, 2007, the market value at maximum public offering price on that date, in either case, less the market value on the applicable redemption date of any of those shares that you have redeemed.

  • Statement of intention. A statement of intention is a document in which you agree to make purchases of class A or class M shares in a specified amount within a period of 13 months. For each purchase you make under the statement of intention, you will pay the initial sales charge applicable to the total amount you have agreed to purchase. While a statement of intention is not a binding obligation on you, if you do not purchase the full amount of shares within 13 months, the fund will redeem shares from your account in an amount equal to the difference between the higher initial sales charge you would have paid in the absence of the statement of intention and the initial sales charge you actually paid.

Account types that may be linked with each other to obtain breakpoint discounts using the methods described above include:

  • Individual accounts
  • Joint accounts
  • Accounts established as part of a retirement plan and IRA accounts (some restrictions may apply)
  • Shares of Putnam funds owned through accounts in the name of your dealer or other financial intermediary (with documentation identifying beneficial ownership of shares)
  • Accounts held as part of a Section 529 college savings plan managed by Putnam Management (some restrictions may apply)

In order to obtain a breakpoint discount, you should inform your financial representative at the time you purchase shares of the existence of other accounts or purchases that are eligible to be linked for the purpose of calculating the initial sales charge. A fund or your financial representative may ask you for records or other information about other shares held in your accounts and linked accounts, including accounts opened with a different financial representative. Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and transactions. Further details about breakpoint discounts can be found on Putnam Investments’ website at putnam.com/individual by selecting Mutual



44          Prospectus







 

Funds, then Pricing and performance, and then About fund costs, and in the SAI.

  • Additional reductions and waivers of sales charges. In addition to the breakpoint discount methods described above, sales charges may be reduced or waived under certain circumstances and for certain categories of investors. For instance, an employer-sponsored retirement plan is eligible to purchase class A shares without sales charges if its plan administrator or dealer of record has entered into an agreement with Putnam Retail Management. Information about reductions and waivers of sales charges, including deferred sales charges, is included in the SAI. You may consult your financial representative or Putnam Retail Management for assistance.

How do I sell or exchange fund shares?

You can sell your shares back to the appropriate fund or exchange them for shares of another Putnam fund any day the NYSE is open, either through your financial representative or directly to the fund.

If you redeem your shares shortly after purchasing them, your redemption payment for the shares may be delayed until the fund collects the purchase price of the shares, which may be up to 10 calendar days after the purchase date.

Regarding exchanges, not all Putnam funds offer all classes of shares or may be open to new investors. If you exchange shares otherwise subject to a deferred sales charge, the transaction will not be subject to the deferred sales charge. When you redeem the shares acquired through the exchange, however, the redemption may be subject to the deferred sales charge, depending upon when and from which fund you originally purchased the shares. The deferred sales charge will be computed using the schedule of any fund into or from which you have exchanged your shares that would result in your paying the highest deferred sales charge applicable to your class of shares. For purposes of computing the deferred sales charge, the length of time you have owned your shares will be measured from the date of original purchase, unless you originally purchased the shares from another Putnam fund that does not directly charge a deferred sales charge, in which case the length of time you have owned your shares will be measured from the date you exchange those shares for shares of another Putnam fund that does charge a deferred sales charge, and will not be affected by any subsequent exchanges among funds.

  • Selling or exchanging shares through your financial representative. Your representative must receive your request in proper form before the close of regular trading on the NYSE for you to receive that day’s NAV, less any



Prospectus          45







 

applicable deferred sales charge. Your representative will be responsible for furnishing all necessary documents to Putnam Investor Services on a timely basis and may charge you for his or her services.

  • Selling or exchanging shares directly with the funds. Putnam Investor Services must receive your request in proper form before the close of regular trading on the NYSE in order to receive that day’s NAV, less any applicable deferred sales charge.
  • By mail. Send a letter of instruction signed by all registered owners or their legal representatives to Putnam Investor Services. If you have certificates for the shares you want to sell or exchange, you must return them unendorsed with your letter of instruction.
  • By telephone. You may use Putnam’s telephone redemption privilege to redeem shares valued at less than $100,000 unless you have notified Putnam Investor Services of an address change within the preceding 15 days, in which case other requirements may apply. Unless you indicate otherwise on the account application, Putnam Investor Services will be authorized to accept redemption instructions received by telephone. A telephone exchange privilege is currently available for amounts up to $500,000. Sale or exchange of shares by telephone is not permitted if there are certificates for your shares. The telephone redemption and exchange privileges may be modified or terminated without notice.
  • Via the Internet. You may also exchange shares via the Internet at putnam.com/individual.
  • Additional requirements. In certain situations, for example, if you sell shares with a value of $100,000 or more, the signatures of all registered owners or their legal representatives must be guaranteed by a bank, broker-dealer or certain other financial institutions. In addition, Putnam Investor Services usually requires additional documents for the sale of shares by a corporation, partnership, agent or fiduciary, or surviving joint owner. For more information concerning Putnam’s signature guarantee and documentation requirements, contact Putnam Investor Services.

Each fund also reserves the right to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of exchanges or reject any exchange. The fund into which you would like to exchange may also reject your exchange. These actions may apply to all shareholders or only to those shareholders whose exchanges Putnam Management determines are likely to have a negative effect on the fund or other Putnam funds. Consult Putnam Investor Services before requesting an exchange. Ask your financial representative or Putnam Investor Services for prospectuses of other Putnam funds. Some Putnam funds are not available in all states.



46          Prospectus







 

Deferred sales charges for class B, class C and certain class A shares

If you sell (redeem) class B shares within six years of purchase, you will generally pay a deferred sales charge according to the following schedule:

Year after purchase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+
Charge 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 1% 0%

A deferred sales charge of 1.00% will apply to class C shares if redeemed within one year of purchase. Class A shares that are part of a purchase of $500,000 or more (other than by an employer-sponsored retirement plan) will be subject to a 1.00% deferred sales charge if redeemed within nine months of purchase.

Deferred sales charges will be based on the lower of the shares’ cost and current NAV. Shares not subject to any charge will be redeemed first, followed by shares held longest. You may sell shares acquired by reinvestment of distributions without a charge at any time.

  • Payment information. A fund generally sends you payment for your shares the business day after your request is received. Under unusual circumstances, the fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for more than seven days, as permitted by federal securities law. You will not receive interest on uncashed redemption checks. Redemption proceeds may be paid in securities or other property rather than in cash.
  • Redemption by a fund. If you own fewer shares than the minimum set by the Trustees (presently 20 shares), a fund may redeem your shares without your permission and send you the proceeds after providing you with at least 60 days’ notice to attain the minimum. To the extent permitted by applicable law, each fund may also redeem shares if you own more than a maximum amount set by the Trustees. There is presently no maximum, but the Trustees could set a maximum that would apply to both present and future shareholders.

Policy on excessive short-term trading

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  • Risks of excessive short-term trading. Excessive short-term trading activity may reduce a fund’s performance and harm all fund shareholders by interfering with portfolio management, increasing a fund’s expenses and diluting a fund’s NAV. Depending on the size and frequency of short-term trades in a fund’s shares, a fund may experience increased cash volatility, which could require a fund to maintain undesirably large cash positions or buy or sell portfolio securities it would not have bought or sold otherwise. The need to execute additional portfolio transactions due to these cash flows may also increase a fund’s brokerage and administrative costs and, for investors in taxable accounts, may increase taxable distributions received from the fund.



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Because each fund invests in securities that may trade infrequently or may be more difficult to value, such as lower-rated bonds, it may be susceptible to trading by short-term traders who seek to exploit perceived price inefficiencies in a fund’s investments. In addition, the market for lower-rated bonds may at times show “market momentum,” in which positive or negative performance may continue from one day to the next for reasons unrelated to the fundamentals of the issuer. Short-term traders may seek to capture this momentum by trading frequently in a fund’s shares, which will reduce a fund’s performance and may dilute the interests of other shareholders. Because lower-rated debt may be less liquid than higher-rated debt, a fund may also be unable to buy or sell these securities at desirable prices when the need arises (for example, in response to volatile cash flows caused by short-term trading). Similar risks may apply if a fund holds other types of less liquid securities.

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  • Fund policies. In order to protect the interests of long-term shareholders of each fund, Putnam Management and each fund’s Trustees have adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive short-term trading. Each fund seeks to discourage excessive short-term trading by using fair value pricing procedures to value investments under some circumstances. In addition, Putnam Management monitors activity in those shareholder accounts about which it possesses the necessary information in order to detect excessive short-term trading patterns and takes steps to deter excessive short-term traders.

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  • Account monitoring. Putnam Management’s Compliance Department currently uses multiple reporting tools to detect short-term trading activity occurring in accounts for investors held directly with the Putnam funds as well as within accounts held through certain financial intermediaries. Putnam Management measures excessive short-term trading in each fund by the number of “round trip” transactions above a specified dollar amount within a specified period of time. A “round trip” transaction is defined as a purchase into a fund followed, or preceded by, a redemption or exchange out of the same fund. Generally, if an investor has been identified as having completed two “round trip” transactions with values above a specified amount within a rolling 90-day period, Putnam Management will issue the investor and/or his or her financial intermediary, if any, a written warning. Putnam Management’s practices for measuring excessive short-term trading activity and issuing warnings may change from time to time. Certain types of transactions are exempt from monitoring, such as those in connection with systematic investment or withdrawal plans and reinvestment of dividend and capital gain distributions.

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48          Prospectus







 

  • Account restrictions. In addition to these monitoring practices, Putnam Management and each fund reserve the right to reject or restrict purchases or exchanges for any reason. Continued excessive short-term trading activity by an investor or intermediary following a warning may lead to the termination of the exchange privilege for that investor or intermediary. Putnam Management or a fund may determine that an investor’s trading activity is excessive or otherwise potentially harmful based on various factors, including an investor’s or financial intermediary’s trading history in the fund, other Putnam funds or other investment products, and may aggregate activity in multiple accounts in the fund or other Putnam funds under common ownership or control for purposes of determining whether the activity is excessive. If a fund identifies an investor or intermediary as a potential excessive trader, it may, among other things, require future trades to be submitted by mail rather than by phone or over the Internet, impose limitations on the amount, number, or frequency of future purchases or exchanges, or temporarily or permanently bar the investor or intermediary from investing in the fund or other Putnam funds. A fund may take these steps in its discretion even if the investor’s activity does not fall within the fund’s current monitoring parameters.

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  • Limitations on the funds’ policies. There is no guarantee that a fund will be able to detect excessive short-term trading in all accounts. For example, Putnam Management currently does not have access to sufficient information to identify each investor’s trading history, and in certain circumstances there are operational or technological constraints on its ability to enforce the funds’ policies. In addition, even when Putnam Management has sufficient information, its detection methods may not capture all excessive short-term trading.

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In particular, many purchase, redemption and exchange orders are received from financial intermediaries that hold omnibus accounts with a fund. Omnibus accounts, in which shares are held in the name of an intermediary on behalf of multiple beneficial owners, are a common form of holding shares among retirement plans and financial intermediaries such as brokers, advisers and third-party administrators. The funds are generally not able to identify trading by a particular beneficial owner within an omnibus account, which makes it difficult or impossible to determine if a particular shareholder is engaging in excessive short-term trading. Putnam Management monitors aggregate cash flows in omnibus accounts on an ongoing basis. If high cash flows or other information indicate that excessive short-term trading may be taking place, Putnam Management will contact the financial intermediary, plan sponsor or recordkeeper that maintains accounts for the beneficial owner and attempt to identify and remedy any excessive trading. However, a fund’s ability to monitor and deter excessive short-term traders in omnibus



Prospectus          49







 

accounts ultimately depends on the capabilities and cooperation of these third-party financial firms. A financial intermediary or plan sponsor may impose different or additional limits on short-term trading.

Distribution plans and payments to dealers

Putnam funds are distributed primarily through dealers (including any broker, dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan administrator, and any other institution having a selling, services, or any similar agreement with Putnam Retail Management or one of its affiliates). In order to pay for the marketing of fund shares and services provided to shareholders, each fund has adopted distribution and service (12b-1) plans, which increase the annual operating expenses you pay each year in certain share classes, as shown in the tables of annual fund operating expenses in the section Fund summaries — Fees and expenses. Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates also make additional payments to dealers that do not increase your fund expenses, as described below.

  • Distribution and service (12b-1) plans. Each fund’s 12b-1 plans provide for payments at annual rates (based on average net assets) of up to 0.35% on class A shares and 1.00% on class B, class C and class M shares. The Trustees currently limit payments on class A, class B and class M shares to 0.25%, 0.85% and 0.50% of average net assets, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% of the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% of all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. Because these fees are paid out of a fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of your investment. The higher fees for class B, class C and class M shares may cost you more over time than paying the initial sales charge for class A shares. Because class C and class M shares, unlike class B shares, do not convert to class A shares, class C and class M shares may cost you more over time than class B shares. Class Y shares, for shareholders who are eligible to purchase them, will be less expensive than other classes of shares because they do not bear sales charges or 12b-1 fees.
  • Payments to dealers. If you purchase your shares through a dealer, your dealer generally receives payments from Putnam Retail Management representing some or all of the sales charges and distribution and service (12b-1) fees, if any, shown in the tables under Fund summaries — Fees and expenses at the front of this prospectus.



50          Prospectus







 

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates also pay additional compensation to selected dealers in recognition of their marketing support and/or program servicing (each of which is described in more detail below). These payments may create an incentive for a dealer firm or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the funds or other Putnam funds to its customers. These additional payments are made by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and do not increase the amount paid by you or a fund as shown under Fund summaries — Fees and expenses.

The additional payments to dealers by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates are generally based on one or more of the following factors: average net assets of a fund attributable to that dealer, sales or net sales of a fund attributable to that dealer, or reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a dealer firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares), or on the basis of a negotiated lump sum payment for services provided.

Marketing support payments are generally available to most dealers engaging in significant sales of Putnam fund shares. These payments are individually negotiated with each dealer firm, taking into account the marketing support services provided by the dealer, including business planning assistance, educating dealer personnel about the Putnam funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer’s preferred or recommended fund company list, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer, as well as the size of the dealer’s relationship with Putnam Retail Management. Although the total amount of marketing support payments made to dealers in any year may vary, on average, the aggregate payments are not expected, on an annual basis, to exceed 0.085% of the average net assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to the dealers.

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Program servicing payments, which are paid in some instances to dealers in connection with investments in a fund through retirement plans, dealer platforms, and other investment programs, are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.20% of the total assets in the program on an annual basis. These payments are made for program services provided by the dealer, including participant or shareholder recordkeeping, reporting, or transaction processing, as well as services rendered in connection with dealer platform development and maintenance and services rendered in connection with retirement plans, such as fund/investment selection and monitoring, employee enrollment and education, plan balance rollover or separation, or other similar services.



Prospectus          51







 

You can find a list of all dealers to which Putnam made marketing support and/or program servicing payments in 2014 in the SAI, which is on file with the SEC and is also available on Putnam’s website at putnam.com. You can also find other details in the SAI about the payments made by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and the services provided by your dealer. Your dealer may charge you fees or commissions in addition to those disclosed in this prospectus. You can also ask your dealer about any payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and any services your dealer provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.

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  • Other payments. Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates may make other payments (including payments in connection with educational seminars or conferences) or allow other promotional incentives to dealers to the extent permitted by SEC and NASD (as adopted by FINRA) rules and by other applicable laws and regulations. The funds’ transfer agent may also make payments to certain dealers in recognition of subaccounting or other services they provide to shareholders or plan participants who invest in a fund or other Putnam funds through their retirement plan. See the discussion in the SAI under ManagementInvestor Servicing Agent for more details.

Fund distributions and taxes

Each fund declares a distribution daily of all its net income. Each fund normally distributes any net investment income monthly and any net realized capital gains annually. You may choose to reinvest distributions from net investment income, capital gains or both in additional shares of your fund or other Putnam funds, or you may receive them in cash in the form of a check or an electronic deposit to your bank account. If you do not select an option when you open your account, all distributions will be reinvested. If you choose to receive distributions in cash, but correspondence from a fund or Putnam Investor Services is returned as “undeliverable,” the distribution option on your account may be converted to reinvest future distributions in the fund. You will not receive interest on uncashed distribution checks.

Fund distributions that a fund properly reports to you as “exempt-interest dividends” are generally not subject to federal income taxation. Other fund distributions will generally be taxable to you as ordinary income or treated as long-term capital gain included in your net capital gain and taxable to individuals at reduced rates. In addition, distributions that a fund properly reports to you as “exempt-interest dividends” derived from interest on (i) qualifying state and local obligations that are tax-exempt pursuant to the law of the relevant state and (ii) qualifying obligations of the United States and certain of its possessions will generally be exempt from the personal income



52          Prospectus







 

tax (if any) of that state. Distributions are so treated whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares.

If you receive social security or railroad retirement benefits, you should consult your tax advisor to determine what effect, if any, an investment in a fund may have on the federal taxation of your benefits. In addition, an investment in a fund may result in liability for federal AMT, both for individual and corporate shareholders.

In order for any portion of a fund’s distributions to be exempt from the personal income tax of the relevant state, the fund and its investments must meet certain requirements that vary according to the relevant state. A fund or its investments may fail to meet the relevant state’s requirements for a variety of reasons, which may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. In addition, a fund’s distributions may be subject to other state or local taxes, such as a state’s AMT. Please refer to the SAI for further information concerning the taxation of fund distributions by the relevant state.

Each fund may at times buy tax-exempt investments at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For federal income tax purposes, some or all of this market discount will be included in the fund’s ordinary income and will be taxable to you as such when it is distributed.

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For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income other than “exempt-interest dividends” are generally taxable to you as ordinary income. Generally, gains realized by a fund on the sale or exchange of investments are taxable to you, even though the income from such investments generally is tax-exempt. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than by how long you have owned (or are deemed to have owned) your shares. Distributions that a fund properly reports to you as gains from investments that the fund owned for more than one year are generally taxable to you as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. Distributions of gains from investments that a fund owned for one year or less and gains on the sale of or payment on bonds characterized as market discount are generally taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions are taxable in the manner described in this paragraph whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares of the relevant fund or other Putnam funds.

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You should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before a fund makes a distribution because doing so may cost you money in taxes. Distributions other than exempt-interest dividends are taxable to you even if



Prospectus          53







 

they are paid from income or gains earned by a fund before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid). Contact your financial representative or Putnam to find out the distribution schedule for your fund.

A fund’s investments in discount and certain other debt obligations may cause the fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, a fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements.

A fund’s use of derivatives, if any, may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders and, therefore, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.

Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of your shares generally also will be subject to tax.

The above is a general summary of the tax implications of investing in a fund. Please refer to the SAI for further details. You should consult your tax advisor for more information on your own tax situation, including possible foreign, state and local taxes.

Financial highlights

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each fund’s recent financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the fund, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. This information has been derived from each fund’s financial statements, which for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania funds have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, and which for the Arizona fund have been audited by KPMG LLP. Their reports and each fund’s financial statements are included in each fund’s annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.



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Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income (loss) Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income From return of capital Total distributions Redemption fees Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                            
May 31, 2015      $9.18      .29      .01      .30      (.29)     c   (.29)     —      $9.19      3.34      $44,633      .91 d   3.20 d   23     
May 31, 2014      9.40      .34      (.22)     .12      (.34)     —      (.34)     —      9.18      1.41      46,050      .91 d   3.79 d   8     
May 31, 2013      9.47      .33      (.07)     .26      (.33)     c   (.33)     —      9.40      2.77      54,644      .86      3.48      4     
May 31, 2012      8.81      .36      .66      1.02      (.36)     c   (.36)     —      9.47      11.81      54,429      .86      3.96      11     
May 31, 2011      9.06      .38      (.25)     .13      (.38)     —      (.38)     c   8.81      1.49      52,181      .83      4.30      11     
Class B                            
May 31, 2015      $9.17      .24      c   .24      (.23)     c   (.23)     —      $9.18      2.69      $850      1.54 d   2.58 d   23     
May 31, 2014      9.39      .28      (.22)     .06      (.28)     —      (.28)     —      9.17      .77      1,078      1.54 d   3.16 d   8     
May 31, 2013      9.46      .27      (.07)     .20      (.27)     c   (.27)     —      9.39      2.12      1,816      1.49      2.85      4     
May 31, 2012      8.80      .30      .66      .96      (.30)     c   (.30)     —      9.46      11.11      1,399      1.50      3.31      11     
May 31, 2011      9.05      .33      (.26)     .07      (.32)     —      (.32)     c   8.80      .83      1,067      1.47      3.64      11     
Class C                            
May 31, 2015      $9.19      .22      .01      .23      (.22)     c   (.22)     —      $9.20      2.53      $2,305      1.69 d   2.42 d   23     
May 31, 2014      9.41      .27      (.22)     .05      (.27)     —      (.27)     —      9.19      .62      2,342      1.69 d   3.01 d   8     
May 31, 2013      9.48      .26      (.07)     .19      (.26)     c   (.26)     —      9.41      1.97      2,906      1.64      2.70      4     
May 31, 2012      8.82      .29      .66      .95      (.29)     c   (.29)     —      9.48      10.93      2,747      1.65      3.16      11     
May 31, 2011      9.06      .31      (.24)     .07      (.31)     —      (.31)     c   8.82      .79      2,096      1.62      3.54      11     
Class M                            
May 31, 2015      $9.20      .27      .01      .28      (.27)     c   (.27)     —      $9.21      3.04      $1,005      1.19 d   2.92 d   23     
May 31, 2014      9.42      .31      (.22)     .09      (.31)     —      (.31)     —      9.20      1.12      985      1.19 d   3.52 d   8     
May 31, 2013      9.49      .30      (.07)     .23      (.30)     c   (.30)     —      9.42      2.48      1,136      1.14      3.20      4     
May 31, 2012      8.83      .34      .65      .99      (.33)     c   (.33)     —      9.49      11.47      1,120      1.15      3.67      11     
May 31, 2011      9.08      .36      (.25)     .11      (.36)     —      (.36)     c   8.83      1.21      1,043      1.12      4.02      11     
Class Y                            
May 31, 2015      $9.19      .31      .02      .33      (.31)     c   (.31)     —      $9.21      3.67      $2,423      .69 d   3.41 d   23     
May 31, 2014      9.41      .36      (.22)     .14      (.36)     —      (.36)     —      9.19      1.63      2,933      .69 d   4.01 d   8     
May 31, 2013      9.48      .35      (.07)     .28      (.35)     c   (.35)     —      9.41      2.99      3,264      .64      3.70      4     
May 31, 2012      8.82      .38      .66      1.04      (.38)     c   (.38)     —      9.48      12.06      2,165      .65      4.15      11     
May 31, 2011      9.06      .40      (.24)     .16      (.40)     —      (.40)     c   8.82      1.80      1,347      .62      4.52      11     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage/service arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects an involuntary contractual expense limitation in effect during the period. As a result of such limitation, the expenses of each class reflect a reduction of the following amounts:

   Percentage of average net assets   
May 31, 2015    0.01% 
May 31, 2014    0.01   

</R>

 



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Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income (loss) Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income From net realized gain on investments Total distributions Redemption fees Non-recurring reimbursements Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                              
May 31, 2015      $9.70      .32      (.01)     .31      (.32)     —      (.32)     —      —      $9.69      3.24      $241,438      .77      3.27      8     
May 31, 2014      9.95      .32      (.22)     .10      (.32)     (.03)     (.35)     —      —      9.70      1.20      254,368      .77      3.41      8     
May 31, 2013      10.04      .31      (.07)     .24      (.32)     (.01)     (.33)     —      —      9.95      2.36      338,606      .77      3.06      8     
May 31, 2012      9.31      .37      .76      1.13      (.38)     (.02)     (.40)     —      c,d 10.04      12.38      290,077      .77      3.84      6     
May 31, 2011      9.54      .40      (.22)     .18      (.39)     (.02)     (.41)     c   c,e 9.31      1.97      245,228      .77      4.24      12     
Class B                              
May 31, 2015      $9.69      .26      (.01)     .25      (.26)     —      (.26)     —      —      $9.68      2.61      $3,306      1.39      2.65      8     
May 31, 2014      9.94      .27      (.23)     .04      (.26)     (.03)     (.29)     —      —      9.69      .58      3,347      1.39      2.79      8     
May 31, 2013      10.03      .24      (.07)     .17      (.25)     (.01)     (.26)     —      —      9.94      1.73      4,314      1.39      2.44      8     
May 31, 2012      9.30      .31      .76      1.07      (.32)     (.02)     (.34)     —      c,d 10.03      11.68      3,737      1.40      3.22      6     
May 31, 2011      9.53      .34      (.22)     .12      (.33)     (.02)     (.35)     c   c,e 9.30      1.36      4,526      1.40      3.58      12     
Class C                              
May 31, 2015      $9.72      .24      c   .24      (.25)     —      (.25)     —      —      $9.71      2.44      $30,361      1.54      2.50      8     
May 31, 2014      9.97      .25      (.22)     .03      (.25)     (.03)     (.28)     —      —      9.72      .42      31,066      1.54      2.64      8     
May 31, 2013      10.05      .23      (.06)     .17      (.24)     (.01)     (.25)     —      —      9.97      1.67      46,310      1.54      2.29      8     
May 31, 2012      9.33      .30      .75      1.05      (.31)     (.02)     (.33)     —      c,d 10.05      11.37      37,098      1.55      3.05      6     
May 31, 2011      9.55      .32      (.20)     .12      (.32)     (.02)     (.34)     c   c,e 9.33      1.30      26,306      1.55      3.46      12     
Class M                              
May 31, 2015      $9.70      .29      c   .29      (.30)     —      (.30)     —      —      $9.69      2.96      $2,649      1.04      3.00      8     
May 31, 2014      9.95      .30      (.23)     .07      (.29)     (.03)     (.32)     —      —      9.70      .93      3,102      1.04      3.14      8     
May 31, 2013      10.04      .28      (.07)     .21      (.29)     (.01)     (.30)     —      —      9.95      2.08      4,033      1.04      2.79      8     
May 31, 2012      9.31      .35      .75      1.10      (.35)     (.02)     (.37)     —      c,d 10.04      12.05      4,200      1.05      3.56      6     
May 31, 2011      9.54      .37      (.21)     .16      (.37)     (.02)     (.39)     c   c,e 9.31      1.72      3,255      1.05      3.95      12     
Class Y                              
May 31, 2015      $9.72      .34      c   .34      (.34)     —      (.34)     —      —      $9.72      3.57      $31,727      .54      3.51      8     
May 31, 2014      9.97      .35      (.23)     .12      (.34)     (.03)     (.37)     —      —      9.72      1.43      23,107      .54      3.63      8     
May 31, 2013      10.06      .33      (.07)     .26      (.34)     (.01)     (.35)     —      —      9.97      2.59      33,227      .54      3.28      8     
May 31, 2012      9.33      .39      .76      1.15      (.40)     (.02)     (.42)     —      c,d 10.06      12.59      22,254      .55      4.05      6     
May 31, 2011      9.56      .42      (.22)     .20      (.41)     (.02)     (.43)     c   c,e 9.33      2.21      14,502      .55      4.47      12     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage service arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

      e  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 18, 2011.

</R>

 



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Prospectus      59

 

 

 







 

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income (loss) Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income From return of capital Total distributions Redemption fees Non-recurring reimbursements Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                              
May 31, 2015      $9.18      .30      .04      .34      (.30)     —      (.30)     —      —      $9.22      3.71      $58,843      .86      3.23      12     
May 31, 2014      9.41      .30      (.23)     .07      (.30)     —      (.30)     —      —      9.18      .89      62,060      .85      3.39      11     
May 31, 2013      9.43      .31      (.02)     .29      (.31)     c   (.31)     —      —      9.41      3.10      75,997      .84      3.28      9     
May 31, 2012      8.85      .34      .58      .92      (.34)     c   (.34)     —      c,e 9.43      10.61      74,259      .85      3.73      9     
May 31, 2011      9.02      .36      (.17)     .19      (.36)     —      (.36)     c   c,d 8.85      2.12      72,157      .83      4.01      8     
Class B                              
May 31, 2015      $9.17      .24      .04      .28      (.24)     —      (.24)     —      —      $9.21      3.06      $1,237      1.49      2.60      12     
May 31, 2014      9.40      .25      (.24)     .01      (.24)     —      (.24)     —      —      9.17      .26      1,289      1.48      2.76      11     
May 31, 2013      9.43      .25      (.03)     .22      (.25)     c   (.25)     —      —      9.40      2.35      1,737      1.47      2.64      9     
May 31, 2012      8.85      .28      .58      .86      (.28)     c   (.28)     —      c,e 9.43      9.92      1,435      1.48      3.10      9     
May 31, 2011      9.01      .30      (.16)     .14      (.30)     —      (.30)     c   c,d 8.85      1.60      1,449      1.46      3.35      8     
Class C                              
May 31, 2015      $9.18      .23      .04      .27      (.23)     —      (.23)     —      —      $9.22      2.90      $1,762      1.64      2.45      12     
May 31, 2014      9.41      .23      (.23)     c (.23)     —      (.23)     —      —      9.18      .11      1,802      1.63      2.61      11     
May 31, 2013      9.44      .24      (.03)     .21      (.24)     c   (.24)     —      —      9.41      2.19      2,295      1.62      2.48      9     
May 31, 2012      8.85      .27      .59      .86      (.27)     c   (.27)     —      c,e 9.44      9.83      1,459      1.63      2.92      9     
May 31, 2011      9.01      .29      (.16)     .13      (.29)     —      (.29)     c   c,d 8.85      1.44      477      1.61      3.23      8     
Class M                              
May 31, 2015      $9.18      .27      .04      .31      (.27)     —      (.27)     —      —      $9.22      3.42      $519      1.14      2.96      12     
May 31, 2014      9.41      .28      (.23)     .05      (.28)     —      (.28)     —      —      9.18      .61      236      1.13      3.11      11     
May 31, 2013      9.44      .29      (.04)     .25      (.28)     c   (.28)     —      —      9.41      2.71      261      1.12      3.02      9     
May 31, 2012      8.86      .32      .57      .89      (.31)     c   (.31)     —      c,e 9.44      10.30      504      1.13      3.45      9     
May 31, 2011      9.02      .33      (.16)     .17      (.33)     —      (.33)     c   c,d 8.86      1.96      693      1.11      3.74      8     
Class Y                              
May 31, 2015      $9.19      .32      .04      .36      (.32)     —      (.32)     —      —      $9.23      3.93      $8,133      .64      3.46      12     
May 31, 2014      9.42      .32      (.23)     .09      (.32)     —      (.32)     —      —      9.19      1.11      5,929      .63      3.63      11     
May 31, 2013      9.45      .33      (.03)     .30      (.33)     c   (.33)     —      —      9.42      3.22      2,057      .62      3.49      9     
May 31, 2012      8.86      .36      .59      .95      (.36)     c   (.36)     —      c,e 9.45      10.95      1,198      .63      3.87      9     
May 31, 2011      9.02      .38      (.16)     .22      (.38)     —      (.38)     c   c,d 8.86      2.45      197      .61      4.21      8     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage service arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 18, 2011.

      e  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

</R>

 



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Prospectus      61

 

 

 







 

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income (loss) Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income From net realized gain on investments Total distributions Non-recurring reimbursements Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                            
May 31, 2015      $9.36      .28      .01      .29      (.28)     —      (.28)     —      $9.37      3.15      $89,082      .83      3.02      6     
May 31, 2014      9.51      .29      (.10)     .19      (.29)     (.05)     (.34)     —      9.36      2.08      85,180      .83      3.16      5     
May 31, 2013      9.53      .28      (.01)     .27      (.28)     (.01)     (.29)     —      9.51      2.81      101,150      .82      2.99      14     
May 31, 2012      8.97      .33      .56      .89      (.33)     —      (.33)     c,d 9.53      10.12      93,948      .83      3.60      4     
May 31, 2011      9.05      .34      (.06)     .28      (.36)     —      (.36)     c,e 8.97      3.11      82,990      .83      3.83      17     
Class B                            
May 31, 2015      $9.33      .23      .01      .24      (.22)     —      (.22)     —      $9.35      2.64      $1,063      1.45      2.40      6     
May 31, 2014      9.49      .23      (.11)     .12      (.23)     (.05)     (.28)     —      9.33      1.35      1,236      1.45      2.54      5     
May 31, 2013      9.51      .22      (.01)     .21      (.22)     (.01)     (.23)     —      9.49      2.19      1,727      1.44      2.38      14     
May 31, 2012      8.94      .28      .57      .85      (.28)     —      (.28)     c,d 9.51      9.60      1,612      1.45      2.99      4     
May 31, 2011      9.02      .29      (.07)     .22      (.30)     —      (.30)     c,e 8.94      2.46      2,119      1.45      3.18      17     
Class C                            
May 31, 2015      $9.35      .21      .01      .22      (.21)     —      (.21)     —      $9.36      2.37      $17,257      1.60      2.26      6     
May 31, 2014      9.50      .22      (.10)     .12      (.22)     (.05)     (.27)     —      9.35      1.30      16,034      1.60      2.39      5     
May 31, 2013      9.52      .21      (.01)     .20      (.21)     (.01)     (.22)     —      9.50      2.03      19,678      1.59      2.20      14     
May 31, 2012      8.95      .26      .57      .83      (.26)     —      (.26)     c,d 9.52      9.40      12,655      1.60      2.82      4     
May 31, 2011      9.03      .27      (.06)     .21      (.29)     —      (.29)     c,e 8.95      2.34      7,897      1.60      3.07      17     
Class M                            
May 31, 2015      $9.35      .26      .02      .28      (.26)     —      (.26)     —      $9.37      2.99      $360      1.10      2.75      6     
May 31, 2014      9.51      .27      (.12)     .15      (.26)     (.05)     (.31)     —      9.35      1.70      484      1.10      2.89      5     
May 31, 2013      9.52      .25      c   .25      (.25)     (.01)     (.26)     —      9.51      2.65      591      1.09      2.73      14     
May 31, 2012      8.96      .31      .56      .87      (.31)     —      (.31)     c,d 9.52      9.85      639      1.10      3.33      4     
May 31, 2011      9.04      .32      (.07)     .25      (.33)     —      (.33)     c,e 8.96      2.84      633      1.10      3.56      17     
Class Y                            
May 31, 2015      $9.38      .31      c   .31      (.30)     —      (.30)     —      $9.39      3.38      $3,557      .60      3.26      6     
May 31, 2014      9.53      .31      (.10)     .21      (.31)     (.05)     (.36)     —      9.38      2.31      1,438      .60      3.39      5     
May 31, 2013      9.54      .30      c   .30      (.30)     (.01)     (.31)     —      9.53      3.15      2,003      .59      3.19      14     
May 31, 2012      8.98      .36      .55      .91      (.35)     —      (.35)     c,d 9.54      10.34      870      .60      3.82      4     
May 31, 2011      9.06      .36      (.06)     .30      (.38)     —      (.38)     c,e 8.98      3.38      530      .60      4.06      17     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage/service arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

      e  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 11, 2011.

</R>

 



62      Prospectus


Prospectus      63

 

 

 







 

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income (loss) Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income From net realized gain on investments Total distributions Redemption fees Non-recurring reimbursements Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                              
May 31, 2015      $9.43      .33      (.10)     .23      (.33)     —      (.33)     —      —      $9.33      2.41      $153,294      .78      3.45      10     
May 31, 2014      9.71      .33      (.29)     .04      (.32)     c   (.32)     —      —      9.43      .62      169,209      .79      3.54      7     
May 31, 2013      9.79      .33      (.08)     .25      (.33)     —      (.33)     —      —      9.71      2.52      222,753      .78      3.34      11     
May 31, 2012      9.12      .37      .67      1.04      (.37)     —      (.37)     —      c,e 9.79      11.57      210,124      .79      3.90      7     
May 31, 2011      9.36      .38      (.24)     .14      (.38)     —      (.38)     c   c,d 9.12      1.53      188,287      .78      4.14      9     
Class B                              
May 31, 2015      $9.42      .27      (.10)     .17      (.27)     —      (.27)     —      —      $9.32      1.78      $4,522      1.40      2.83      10     
May 31, 2014      9.70      .27      (.28)     (.01)     (.27)     c   (.27)     —      —      9.42      f     5,167      1.41      2.93      7     
May 31, 2013      9.78      .27      (.08)     .19      (.27)     —      (.27)     —      —      9.70      1.89      6,469      1.40      2.72      11     
May 31, 2012      9.11      .31      .67      .98      (.31)     —      (.31)     —      c,e 9.78      10.90      6,605      1.41      3.28      7     
May 31, 2011      9.35      .33      (.25)     .08      (.32)     —      (.32)     c   c,d 9.11      .91      7,252      1.40      3.49      9     
Class C                              
May 31, 2015      $9.44      .25      (.10)     .15      (.25)     —      (.25)     —      —      $9.34      1.62      $21,943      1.55      2.68      10     
May 31, 2014      9.72      .26      (.29)     (.03)     (.25)     c   (.25)     —      —      9.44      (.16)     23,620      1.56      2.77      7     
May 31, 2013      9.80      .25      (.08)     .17      (.25)     —      (.25)     —      —      9.72      1.73      37,732      1.55      2.56      11     
May 31, 2012      9.12      .30      .67      .97      (.29)     —      (.29)     —      c,e 9.80      10.83      31,694      1.56      3.11      7     
May 31, 2011      9.37      .31      (.25)     .06      (.31)     —      (.31)     c   c,d 9.12      .64      21,286      1.55      3.36      9     
Class M                              
May 31, 2015      $9.43      .30      (.10)     .20      (.30)     —      (.30)     —      —      $9.33      2.13      $2,238      1.05      3.18      10     
May 31, 2014      9.72      .31      (.30)     .01      (.30)     c   (.30)     —      —      9.43      .24      2,340      1.06      3.27      7     
May 31, 2013      9.79      .30      (.07)     .23      (.30)     —      (.30)     —      —      9.72      2.35      3,439      1.05      3.07      11     
May 31, 2012      9.12      .34      .67      1.01      (.34)     —      (.34)     —      c,e 9.79      11.26      3,552      1.06      3.63      7     
May 31, 2011      9.36      .36      (.25)     .11      (.35)     —      (.35)     c   c,d 9.12      1.26      3,083      1.05      3.85      9     
Class Y                              
May 31, 2015      $9.44      .35      (.09)     .26      (.35)     —      (.35)     —      —      $9.35      2.74      $17,868      .55      3.68      10     
May 31, 2014      9.73      .35      (.30)     .05      (.34)     c   (.34)     —      —      9.44      .74      16,826      .56      3.78      7     
May 31, 2013      9.81      .35      (.08)     .27      (.35)     —      (.35)     —      —      9.73      2.76      21,115      .55      3.56      11     
May 31, 2012      9.13      .39      .68      1.07      (.39)     —      (.39)     —      c,e 9.81      11.92      16,842      .56      4.11      7     
May 31, 2011      9.38      .40      (.25)     .15      (.40)     —      (.40)     c   c,d 9.13      1.65      11,453      .55      4.38      9     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage service arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 18, 2011.

      e  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

      f  Amount represents less than 0.01%.

</R>

 



64      Prospectus


Prospectus      65

 

 

 







 

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income (loss) Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income Total distributions Redemption fees Non-recurring reimbursements Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                            
May 31, 2015      $9.12      .30      (.05)     .25      (.30)     (.30)     —      —      $9.07      2.74      $117,935      .80      3.28      16     
May 31, 2014      9.31      .31      (.19)     .12      (.31)     (.31)     —      —      9.12      1.40      123,335      .81      3.48      9     
May 31, 2013      9.35      .32      (.05)     .27      (.31)     (.31)     —      —      9.31      2.96      138,049      .80      3.36      10     
May 31, 2012      8.84      .34      .51      .85      (.34)     (.34)     c   c,d 9.35      9.81      135,448      .80      3.79      12     
May 31, 2011      9.05      .36      (.21)     .15      (.36)     (.36)     —      c,e 8.84      1.74      132,617      .79      4.14      11     
Class B                            
May 31, 2015      $9.11      .24      (.05)     .19      (.24)     (.24)     —      —      $9.06      2.11      $1,791      1.42      2.66      16     
May 31, 2014      9.30      .25      (.19)     .06      (.25)     (.25)     —      —      9.11      .78      1,807      1.43      2.86      9     
May 31, 2013      9.33      .26      (.03)     .23      (.26)     (.26)     —      —      9.30      2.43      2,179      1.42      2.73      10     
May 31, 2012      8.83      .29      .50      .79      (.29)     (.29)     c   c,d 9.33      9.01      1,676      1.43      3.16      12     
May 31, 2011      9.04      .31      (.21)     .10      (.31)     (.31)     —      c,e 8.83      1.10      1,852      1.42      3.49      11     
Class C                            
May 31, 2015      $9.12      .23      (.05)     .18      (.23)     (.23)     —      —      $9.07      1.95      $10,798      1.57      2.51      16     
May 31, 2014      9.31      .24      (.19)     .05      (.24)     (.24)     —      —      9.12      .62      10,681      1.58      2.71      9     
May 31, 2013      9.35      .24      (.04)     .20      (.24)     (.24)     —      —      9.31      2.17      14,421      1.57      2.59      10     
May 31, 2012      8.84      .27      .51      .78      (.27)     (.27)     c   c,d 9.35      9.00      11,574      1.58      3.00      12     
May 31, 2011      9.05      .30      (.22)     .08      (.29)     (.29)     —      c,e 8.84      .97      8,487      1.57      3.36      11     
Class M                            
May 31, 2015      $9.12      .27      (.04)     .23      (.27)     (.27)     —      —      $9.08      2.57      $546      1.07      3.01      16     
May 31, 2014      9.31      .29      (.20)     .09      (.28)     (.28)     —      —      9.12      1.13      498      1.08      3.21      9     
May 31, 2013      9.35      .29      (.04)     .25      (.29)     (.29)     —      —      9.31      2.68      586      1.07      3.08      10     
May 31, 2012      8.84      .32      .51      .83      (.32)     (.32)     c   c,d 9.35      9.50      490      1.08      3.47      12     
May 31, 2011      9.06      .34      (.22)     .12      (.34)     (.34)     —      c,e 8.84      1.35      852      1.07      3.85      11     
Class Y                            
May 31, 2015      $9.12      .32      (.04)     .28      (.32)     (.32)     —      —      $9.08      3.08      $12,031      .57      3.52      16     
May 31, 2014      9.32      .33      (.20)     .13      (.33)     (.33)     —      —      9.12      1.52      5,519      .58      3.71      9     
May 31, 2013      9.35      .34      (.03)     .31      (.34)     (.34)     —      —      9.32      3.30      7,738      .57      3.59      10     
May 31, 2012      8.84      .36      .51      .87      (.36)     (.36)     c   c,d 9.35      10.07      6,650      .58      3.98      12     
May 31, 2011      9.06      .38      (.22)     .16      (.38)     (.38)     —      c,e 8.84      1.87      3,650      .57      4.38      11     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

      e  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 11, 2011.

</R>

 



66      Prospectus


Prospectus      67

 

 

 







 

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund

<R>

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:   RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Period ended Net asset value, beginning of period Net investment income Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total from investment operations From net investment income Total distributions Non-recurring reimbursements Net asset value, end of period Total return at net asset value (%) a Net assets, end of period (in thousands) Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%) b Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (%) Portfolio turnover (%)
Class A                          
May 31, 2015      $9.17      .31      .02      .33      (.30)     (.30)     —      $9.20      3.67      $161,367      .78      3.32      22     
May 31, 2014      9.44      .33      (.27)     .06      (.33)     (.33)     —      9.17      .74      164,823      .79      3.67      7     
May 31, 2013      9.48      .34      (.04)     .30      (.34)     (.34)     —      9.44      3.14      191,752      .78      3.52      6     
May 31, 2012      8.88      .36      .60      .96      (.36)     (.36)     c,d 9.48      10.99      196,747      .79      3.87      5     
May 31, 2011      9.10      .37      (.22)     .15      (.37)     (.37)     c,e 8.88      1.67      171,516      .79      4.11      13     
Class B                          
May 31, 2015      $9.16      .25      .03      .28      (.25)     (.25)     —      $9.19      3.04      $4,769      1.40      2.70      22     
May 31, 2014      9.42      .27      (.26)     .01      (.27)     (.27)     —      9.16      .23      5,148      1.41      3.05      7     
May 31, 2013      9.47      .28      (.05)     .23      (.28)     (.28)     —      9.42      2.40      7,041      1.40      2.90      6     
May 31, 2012      8.87      .30      .60      .90      (.30)     (.30)     c,d 9.47      10.32      7,174      1.41      3.26      5     
May 31, 2011      9.09      .31      (.22)     .09      (.31)     (.31)     c,e 8.87      1.02      7,827      1.41      3.47      13     
Class C                          
May 31, 2015      $9.17      .23      .04      .27      (.23)     (.23)     —      $9.21      2.99      $24,676      1.55      2.55      22     
May 31, 2014      9.44      .26      (.27)     (.01)     (.26)     (.26)     —      9.17      (.03)     24,972      1.56      2.90      7     
May 31, 2013      9.48      .26      (.04)     .22      (.26)     (.26)     —      9.44      2.35      32,807      1.55      2.75      6     
May 31, 2012      8.88      .29      .60      .89      (.29)     (.29)     c,d 9.48      10.14      29,487      1.56      3.10      5     
May 31, 2011      9.10      .30      (.22)     .08      (.30)     (.30)     c,e 8.88      .88      22,934      1.56      3.34      13     
Class M                          
May 31, 2015      $9.18      .28      .03      .31      (.28)     (.28)     —      $9.21      3.39      $3,816      1.05      3.05      22     
May 31, 2014      9.44      .30      (.26)     .04      (.30)     (.30)     —      9.18      .57      3,965      1.06      3.40      7     
May 31, 2013      9.48      .31      (.04)     .27      (.31)     (.31)     —      9.44      2.86      4,453      1.05      3.25      6     
May 31, 2012      8.89      .33      .59      .92      (.33)     (.33)     c,d 9.48      10.56      4,000      1.06      3.61      5     
May 31, 2011      9.11      .35      (.23)     .12      (.34)     (.34)     c,e 8.89      1.38      3,641      1.06      3.82      13     
Class Y                          
May 31, 2015      $9.18      .33      .02      .35      (.32)     (.32)     —      $9.21      3.90      $7,859      .55      3.54      22     
May 31, 2014      9.45      .35      (.27)     .08      (.35)     (.35)     —      9.18      .97      6,744      .56      3.90      7     
May 31, 2013      9.48      .36      (.03)     .33      (.36)     (.36)     —      9.45      3.48      9,476      .55      3.76      6     
May 31, 2012      8.89      .38      .59      .97      (.38)     (.38)     c,d 9.48      11.13      4,784      .56      4.07      5     
May 31, 2011      9.11      .39      (.22)     .17      (.39)     (.39)     c,e 8.89      1.90      1,550      .56      4.31      13     

 

      a  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

      b  Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements, if any. Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

      c  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

      d  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

      e  Reflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 11, 2011.

</R>

 



68      Prospectus


Prospectus      69

 

 

 







 

Make the most of your Putnam privileges

As a Putnam mutual fund shareholder, you have access to a number of services that can help you build a more effective and flexible financial program. Here are some of the ways you can use these privileges to make the most of your Putnam mutual fund investment.

Systematic investment plan

Invest as much as you wish. The amount you choose will be automatically transferred weekly, semi-monthly or monthly from your checking or savings account.

Systematic withdrawal

Make regular withdrawals monthly, quarterly, semiannually, or annually from your Putnam mutual fund account.

Systematic exchange

Transfer assets automatically from one Putnam account to another on a regular, prearranged basis.

Exchange privilege

Exchange money between Putnam funds. The exchange privilege allows you to adjust your investments as your objectives change. A signature guarantee is required for exchanges of more than $500,000 and shares of all Putnam funds may not be available to all investors.

Investors may not maintain, within the same fund, simultaneous plans for systematic investment or exchange (into the fund) and systematic withdrawal or exchange (out of the fund). These privileges are subject to change or termination.



70          Prospectus







 

Dividends plus

Diversify your portfolio by investing dividends and other distributions from one Putnam fund automatically into another at net asset value.

Statement of intention

You may reduce a front-end sales charge by agreeing to invest a minimum dollar amount over 13 months. Depending on your fund, the minimum is $50,000 or $100,000. Whenever you make an investment under this arrangement, you or your financial representative should notify Putnam Investor Services that a Statement of Intention is in effect.

Many of these services can be accessed online at putnam.com.

For more information about any of these services and privileges, call your financial representative or a Putnam customer service representative toll free at 1-800-225-1581.



Prospectus          71







 

For more information about
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund and
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund

The funds’ SAI and annual and semiannual reports to shareholders include additional information about the funds. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means it is part of this prospectus for legal purposes. Each fund’s annual report discusses the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. You may get free copies of these materials, request other information about any Putnam fund, or make shareholder inquiries, by contacting your financial representative, by visiting Putnam’s website at putnam.com/individual, or by calling Putnam toll-free at 1-800-225-1581.

You may review and copy information about a fund, including its SAI, at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may call the Commission at 1-202-551-8090 for information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. You may also access reports and other information about each fund on the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may get copies of this information, with payment of a duplication fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Commission’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520. You may need to refer to the fund’s file number.

 

Putnam Investments
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
1-800-225-1581

Address correspondence to:
Putnam Investor Services
P.O. Box 8383
Boston, MA 02266-8383

putnam.com

<R>

File Nos.:
Arizona Fund 811-06258 Minnesota Fund 811-04527 Pennsylvania Fund 811-05802
Massachusetts Fund 811-04518 New Jersey Fund 811-05977
Michigan Fund 811-04529 Ohio Fund 811-04528 SP047 296545 9/15

</R>










FUND SYMBOLS  CLASS A  CLASS B  CLASS C  CLASS M  CLASS Y 
<R>           
Arizona Fund  PTAZX  PAZBX  PAZCX  PAZMX  PAZYX 
Massachusetts Fund  PXMAX  PMABX  PMMCX  PMAMX  PMAYX 
Michigan Fund  PXMIX  PMEBX  PMGCX  PMIMX  PMIYX 
Minnesota Fund  PXMNX  PMTBX  PMOCX  PMNMX  PMNYX 
New Jersey Fund  PTNJX  PNJBX  PNJCX  PNJMX  PNJYX 
Ohio Fund  PXOHX  POXBX  POOCX  POHMX  POTYX 
Pennsylvania Fund  PTEPX  PPNBX  PPNCX  PPAMX  PPTYX 

 

Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund (Arizona Fund) 
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund (Massachusetts Fund) 
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund (Michigan Fund) 
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund (Minnesota Fund) 
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund (New Jersey Fund) 
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund (Ohio Fund) 
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund (Pennsylvania Fund) 
</R>
 
FORM N-1A 
 
PART B 
 
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) 
<R>
September 30, 2015 

This SAI is not a prospectus. If a fund has more than one form of current prospectus, each reference to the prospectus in this SAI includes all of the fund's prospectuses, unless otherwise noted. The SAI should be read together with the applicable prospectus. For a free copy of the funds' annual reports or a prospectus dated 9/30/15, as revised from time to time, call Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581, visit Putnam's website at putnam.com or write Putnam Investor Services, P.O. Box 8383, Boston, MA 02266-8383.

</R>

Part I of this SAI contains specific information about the funds. Part II includes information about these funds and the other Putnam funds.

<R>
sai_4 - 2015/09 
sai_57 - 2015/09 
sai_60 - 2015/09 

 

I-1 

 



  sai_61 - 2015/09 
  sai_66 - 2015/09 
  sai_75 - 2015/09 
  sai_78 - 2015/09 
</R>

 

I-2 

 



Table of Contents 

 

PART I   
 
<R>   
FUND ORGANIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION  I-3 
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS  I-4 
</R>   
CHARGES AND EXPENSES  I-7 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS  I-43 
STATE TAXES  I-48 
<R>   
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS AND  I-55 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   
</R>   
 
PART II   
 
HOW TO BUY SHARES  II-1 
DISTRIBUTION PLANS  II-11 
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISKS  II-19 
TAXES  II-56 
<R>   
MANAGEMENT  II-71 
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE  II-90 
INVESTOR SERVICES  II-92 
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES  II-96 
REDEMPTIONS  II-96 
POLICY ON EXCESSIVE SHORT-TERM TRADING  II-97 
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY  II-97 
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION  II-97 
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES  II-99 
</R>   
SECURITIES RATINGS  II-100 
<R>   
APPENDIX A – PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES OF THE PUTNAM FUNDS  II-106 
APPENDIX B – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  II-130 
</R>   

 

I-3 

 



SAI
 
PART I 

FUND ORGANIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION

Each fund is a separate Massachusetts business trust. Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund was organized on November 9, 1990. Each of Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund and Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund was organized on July 14, 1989. Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund was organized on November 17, 1989. Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund was organized on April 20, 1989. A copy of each fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which is governed by Massachusetts law, is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Each fund is an open-end management investment company with an unlimited number of authorized shares of beneficial interest. The Trustees may, without shareholder approval, create two or more series of shares representing separate investment portfolios. Any such series of shares may be divided without shareholder approval into two or more classes of shares having such preferences and special or relative rights and privileges as the Trustees determine. Each fund offers classes of shares with different sales charges and expenses.

Each share has one vote, with fractional shares voting proportionally. Shares of all classes will vote together as a single class except when otherwise required by law or as determined by the Trustees. Shares are freely transferable, are entitled to dividends as declared by the Trustees, and, if the fund were liquidated, would receive the net assets of the fund.

Each fund may suspend the sale of shares at any time and may refuse any order to purchase shares. Although each fund is not required to hold annual meetings of its shareholders, shareholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote have the right to call a meeting to elect or remove Trustees, or to take other actions as provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

<R>

The Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Pennsylvania Funds are "diversified" investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the Arizona and New Jersey funds are "non-diversified" investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (although, as indicated below, the Arizona and New Jersey funds have adopted non-fundamental investment restrictions requiring the funds to be managed as “diversified” investment companies). This means that with respect to 75% of the total assets of the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Pennsylvania Funds and with respect to 50% of the total assets of the Arizona and New Jersey Funds, each fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the

I-4 

 



securities of any one issuer (except U.S. government securities and securities issued by other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Pennsylvania Funds' total assets and the remaining 50% of the Arizona and New Jersey funds' total assets are not subject to this restriction. However, for the Arizona and New Jersey Funds, to comply with provisions of the Internal Revenue Code providing favorable tax treatment, each fund will not, at the end of each quarter of the fund's taxable year, invest more than 25% of the value of the fund's total assets (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. (See "Taxes" in Part II of this SAI for more information. To the extent a fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of a particular issuer, it will be subject to an increased risk of loss if the market value of such issuer's securities declines.

</R>

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

As fundamental investment restrictions, which may not be changed without a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, each fund may not and will not:

(1) Borrow money in excess of 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the borrowing is made.

(2) Underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under certain federal securities laws.

(3) Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and securities which represent interests in real estate, and it may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein.

(4) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that the fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options and may enter into foreign exchange contracts and other financial transactions not involving physical commodities.

(5) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations in which the fund may invest consistent with its investment policies (including without limitation debt obligations issued by other Putnam funds), by entering into repurchase agreements, or by lending its portfolio securities.

I-5 

 



<R>

(6)(a) (Arizona and New Jersey Funds only). With respect to 50% of its total assets, invest in securities of any issuer if, immediately after such investment, more than 5% of the total assets of the fund (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of such issuer; provided that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest or principal by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or to securities issued by other investment companies.

(6)(b) (Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Pennsylvania Funds only). With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest in the securities of any issuer if, immediately after such investment, more than 5% of the total assets of the fund (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of such issuer; provided that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest or principal by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or to securities issued by other investment companies.

(7)(a) (Arizona and New Jersey Funds only). With respect to 50% of its total assets, acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer.

(7)(b) (Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Pennsylvania Funds only). With respect to 75% of its total assets, acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer.

</R>

(8) Purchase securities (other than securities of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities or tax-exempt securities, except tax-exempt securities backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental issuers) if, as a result of such purchase, more than 25% of the fund's total assets would be invested in any one industry.

(9) Issue any class of securities which is senior to the fund's shares of beneficial interest, except for permitted borrowings.

The Investment Company Act of 1940 provides that a "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" of a fund means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding fund shares, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding fund shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.

I-6 

 



<R>

For purposes of the fund’s fundamental policy on commodities and commodities contracts (#4 above), at the time of the establishment of the policy, swap contracts on financial instruments or rates were not within the understanding of the terms “commodities” or “commodity contracts,” and notwithstanding any federal legislation or regulatory action by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) that subject such swaps to regulation by the CFTC, the fund will not consider such instruments to be commodities or commodity contracts for purposes of this policy.

For purposes of each fund’s fundamental policy on industry concentration (#8 above), Putnam Investment Management, LLC (Putnam Management), the funds' investment manager, determines the appropriate industry categories and assigns issuers to them, informed by a variety of considerations, including relevant third party categorization systems. Industry categories and issuer assignments may change over time as industry sectors and issuers evolve. Portfolio allocations shown in shareholder reports and other communications may use broader investment sectors or narrower sub-industry categories.

</R>

The following non-fundamental investment policies may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval:

(1) Each fund will not invest in (a) securities which are not readily marketable, (b) securities restricted as to resale (excluding securities determined by the Trustees (or the person designated by the Trustees to make such determinations) to be readily marketable), and (c) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, if, as a result, more than 15% of the fund's net assets (taken at current value) would be invested in securities described in (a), (b) and (c) above.

<R>

(2) (Arizona and New Jersey Funds only). With respect to 75% of its total assets, each fund may not and will not invest in securities of any issuer if, immediately after such investment, more than 5% of the total assets of the Fund (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of such issuer; provided that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest or principal by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or to securities issued by other investment companies.

(3) (Arizona and New Jersey Funds only). With respect to 75% of its total assets, each fund may not and will not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer.

</R>

I-7 

 



All percentage limitations on investments (other than pursuant to non-fundamental restriction (1)) will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment.

<R>

If, as a result of a change in values or net assets or other circumstances, greater than 15% of each fund’s net assets are invested in securities described in (a), (b) and (c) in non-fundamental (1) above, the fund will take such steps as are deemed advisable to protect the fund’s liquidity.

</R>

The Arizona Fund and the New Jersey Fund are currently operating as diversified funds consistent with non-fundamental restrictions (2) and (3) above. Each fund had previously operated as a non-diversified fund and may operate as a non-diversified fund in the future to the extent permitted by applicable law. Under current law, shareholder approval would be required for the funds to resume operating as non-diversified.

Each fund has filed an election under Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 committing each fund to pay all redemptions of fund shares by a single shareholder during any 90-day period in cash, up to the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of such fund's net assets measured as of the beginning of such 90-day period.

CHARGES AND EXPENSES

<R>

Shareholders of your fund approved a new management contract with Putnam Management effective February 27, 2014 (the "Management Contract"). The substantive terms of the Management Contract, including terms relating to fees, are identical to the terms of your fund’s prior management contract dated January 1, 2010. Shareholders were asked to approve the Management Contract following the death on October 8, 2013 of The Honourable Paul G. Desmarais, who had controlled directly and indirectly a majority of the voting shares of Power Corporation of Canada, the ultimate parent company of Putnam Management.

Between October 8, 2013 and the date of the Management Contract, Putnam Management managed the fund's investment portfolio and other affairs and business under an interim management contract, which was substantively identical to the fund's prior management contract dated January 1, 2010. Putnam Management has entered into a sub-management contract for your fund effective as of the time the Management Contract became effective. Please see “Management—The Sub-Manager” in Part II of this SAI for information about the sub-management contract.

I-8 

 



Management fees Under the Management Contract, each fund pays a monthly fee to Putnam Management. The fee is calculated by applying a rate to the fund’s average net assets for the month. The rate is based on the monthly average of the aggregate net assets of all open-end funds sponsored by Putnam Management (excluding fund assets that are invested in other Putnam funds) (“Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets”), as determined at the close of each business day during the month, as set forth below:

0.590 % of the first $5 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.540 % of the next $5 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.490 % of the next $10 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.440 % of the next $10 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.390 % of the next $50 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.370 % of the next $50 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.360 % of the next $100 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;
0.355% of any excess thereafter.

</R>

For the past three fiscal years, pursuant to the applicable management contract, each fund incurred the following fees:

      Amount of  Amount management 
  Fiscal  Management  management  fee would have been 
Fund name  year  fee paid  fee waived  without waivers 
<R>         
ARIZONA FUND  2015  $220,695  $6,997  $227,692 
  2014  $229,545  $6,803  $236,348 
</R>         
  2013  $283,378  $0  $283,378 
<R>         
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  2015  $1,332,362  $0  $1,332,362 
  2014  $1,466,973  $0  $1,466,973 
</R>         
  2013  $1,868,568  $0  $1,868,568 

 

I-9 

 



<R>         
MICHIGAN FUND  2015  $306,687  $0  $306,687 
  2014  $315,330  $0  $315,330 
</R>         
  2013  $362,014  $0  $362,014 
<R>         
MINNESOTA FUND  2015  $465,956  $0  $465,956 
  2014  $472,090  $0  $472,090 
</R>         
  2013  $532,651  $0  $532,651 
<R>         
NEW JERSEY FUND  2015  $898,600  $0  $898,600 
  2014  $1,011,857  $0  $1,011,857 
</R>         
  2013  $1,277,096  $0  $1,277,096 
<R>         
OHIO FUND  2015  $616,707  $0  $616,707 
  2014  $616,112  $0  $616,112 
</R>         
  2013  $720,433  $0  $720,433 
<R>         
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  2015  $879,427  $0  $879,427 
  2014  $917,519  $0  $917,519 
</R>         
  2013  $1,105,281  $0  $1,105,281 
<R>         
</R>         

The amount of management fee waived for The Arizona Fund for the most recent fiscal year resulted from arrangements set forth in “General expense limitation” under “Management – The Management Contract” in Part II of this SAI.

I-10 

 



Brokerage commissions

The following table shows brokerage commissions paid during the fiscal years indicated:

  Fiscal  Brokerage 
Fund name  year  commissions 
<R>     
ARIZONA FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $22 
  2013  $0 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $145 
  2013  $0 
MICHIGAN FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $29 
  2013  $0 
MINNESOTA FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $44 
  2013  $0 
NEW JERSEY FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $100 
  2013  $0 
OHIO FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $57 
  2013  $0 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $86 
  2013  $0 
</R>     

 

I-11 

 



Administrative expense reimbursement

<R>

The funds reimbursed Putnam Management for administrative services during fiscal 2015, including compensation of certain fund officers and contributions to the Putnam Retirement Plan for their benefit, as follows:

</R>

Fund name  Total  Portion of total reimbursement for 
  reimbursement  compensation and contributions 
<R>     
ARIZONA FUND  $1,371  $938 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  $8,062  $5,516 
MICHIGAN FUND  $1,867  $1,277 
MINNESOTA FUND  $2,824  $1,932 
NEW JERSEY FUND  $5,439  $3,721 
OHIO FUND  $3,747  $2,564 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  $5,356  $3,664 
</R>     

 

Trustee responsibilities and fees

The Trustees are responsible for generally overseeing the conduct of fund business. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management furnishes a continuing investment program for each fund and makes investment decisions on its behalf. Subject to the control of the Trustees, Putnam Management also manages each fund's other affairs and business.

<R>

The table below shows the value of each Trustee's holdings in each fund and in all of the Putnam Funds as of December 31, 2014.

I-12 

 



    Dollar range of     
  Dollar range of  Massachusetts  Dollar range of  Dollar range of 
  Arizona Fund  Fund shares  Michigan Fund  Minnesota Fund 
Name of Trustee  shares owned  owned  shares owned  shares owned 

</R>          
Liaquat Ahamed  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

Ravi Akhoury  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

Barbara M. Baumann  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

Jameson A. Baxter  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

<R>         
</R>         
Robert J. Darretta  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

Katinka Domotorffy  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

<R>         
John A. Hill  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

Paul L. Joskow  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

</R>         
Kenneth R. Leibler  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

Robert E. Patterson  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

George Putnam, III  $10,001-$50,000  $50,001-$100,000 $10,001-$50,000  $10,001-$50,000 

W. Thomas Stephens  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

* Robert L. Reynolds  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000 

 

I-13 

 



        Aggregate dollar 
        range of shares 
      Dollar range of  held in all of the 
  Dollar range of  Dollar range of  Pennsylvania  Putnam funds 
  New Jersey Fund  Ohio Fund shares  Fund shares  overseen by 
Name of Trustee  shares owned  owned  owned  Trustee 

Liaquat Ahamed  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

Ravi Akhoury  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

Barbara M. Baumann  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

Jameson A. Baxter  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

<R>         
</R>         
Robert J. Darretta  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

Katinka Domotorffy  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

<R>         
John A. Hill  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

Paul L. Joskow  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

</R>         
Kenneth R. Leibler  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

Robert E. Patterson  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

George Putnam, III  $10,001-$50,000  $10,001-$50,000  $10,001-$50,000  over $100,000 

W. Thomas Stephens  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

* Robert L. Reynolds  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  $1-$10,000  over $100,000 

* Trustee who is an "interested person" (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the funds and Putnam Management. Mr. Reynolds is deemed an "interested person" by virtue of his positions as an officer of the funds and Putnam Management. Mr. Reynolds is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments, LLC and President of your fund and each of the other Putnam funds. None of the other Trustees is an "interested person".

<R>

Each Independent Trustee of the funds receives an annual retainer fee and an additional fee for each Trustee meeting attended. Independent Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees. All of the current Independent Trustees of the funds are Trustees of all the Putnam funds and receive fees for their services.

The Trustees periodically review their fees to ensure that such fees continue to be appropriate in light of their responsibilities as well as in relation to fees paid to trustees of other mutual fund complexes. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee, which consists solely of Independent Trustees of the funds, estimates that committee and Trustee meeting time, together with the appropriate preparation, requires the equivalent

I-14 

 



of at least four business days per regular Trustee meeting. The standing committees of the Board of Trustees, and the number of times each committee met during your fund’s most recently completed fiscal year, are shown in the table below:

Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee*  12 
Board Policy and Nominating Committee  3 
Brokerage Committee  3 
Contract Committee  9 
</R>    
Executive Committee  1 
Investment Oversight Committees   
<R>   
Investment Oversight Committee A  6 
Investment Oversight Committee B  6 
Pricing Committee  5 

*Effective August 10, 2015, the Audit and Compliance Committee assumed the duties of the Distributions Committee and was redesignated as the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee. The number of meetings the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee reported in the table above excludes the meetings of the Distributions Committee that were held during the fund's fiscal year. The Distributions Committee met 7 times during the fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

The following tables show the year each Trustee was first elected a Trustee of the Putnam funds, the fees paid to each Trustee by each fund for fiscal 2015, and the fees paid to each Trustee by all of the Putnam funds for services rendered during calendar year 2014:

</R>

I-15 

 



COMPENSATION TABLES

<R>         
Arizona Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated  Total 
    retirement  annual benefits   compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  from all Putnam  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  funds upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $167  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $167  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $167  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $243  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $167  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $161  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $167  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $167  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $167  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $182  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $182  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $167  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $167  $0  $107,100  $285,000 
</R>         

Robert L. Reynolds/2008(7)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

<R>         
Massachusetts Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated  Total 
    retirement  annual benefits   compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  from all Putnam  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  funds upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $985  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $985  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $985  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $1,430  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $985  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $945  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $985  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $985  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $985  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $1,071  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $1,071  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $985  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $985  $0  $107,100  $285,000 

Robert L. Reynolds/2008(6)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

I-16 

 



Michigan Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated  Total 
    retirement  annual benefits   compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  from all Putnam  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  funds upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $227  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $227  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $227  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $330  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $227  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $218  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $227  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $227  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $227  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $247  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $247  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $227  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $227  $0  $107,100  $285,000 

</R>          

Robert L. Reynolds/2008(7)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

<R>         
Minnesota Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated  Total 
    retirement  annual benefits   compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  from all Putnam  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  funds upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $342  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $342  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $342  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $497  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $342  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $328  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $342  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $342  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $342  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $371  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $371  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $342  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $342  $0  $107,100  $285,000 

</R>         
Robert L. Reynolds/2008(7)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

I-17 

 



<R>         
New Jersey Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated  Total 
    retirement  annual benefits   compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  from all Putnam  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  funds upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $665  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $665  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $665  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $965  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $665  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $638  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $665  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $665  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $665  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $723  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $723  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $665  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $665  $0  $107,100  $285,000 
</R>         

Robert L. Reynolds/2008(7)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

<R>         
Ohio Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated annual  Total 
    retirement  benefits from all  compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  Putnam funds  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $456  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $456  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $456  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $661  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $456  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $437  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $456  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $456  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $456  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $495  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $495  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $456  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $456  $0  $107,100  $285,000 

</R>         
Robert L. Reynolds/2008(7)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

I-18 

 



<R>         
Pennsylvania Fund         
    Pension or  Estimated  Total 
    retirement  annual benefits   compensation 
  Aggregate  benefits accrued  from all Putnam  from all 
  compensation  as part of fund  funds upon  Putnam 
Trustees  from the fund  expenses  retirement(1)  funds(2) 

Liaquat Ahamed/2012(3)  $650  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Ravi Akhoury/2009  $650  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Barbara M. Baumann/2010(3)  $650  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(3)(4)  $943  $0  $110,500  $435,625 

Charles B. Curtis/2001 (5)  $650  $0  $113,900  $285,000 

Robert J. Darretta/2007(3)  $623  N/A  N/A  $273,000 

Katinka Domotorffy /2012(3)  $650  N/A  N/A  $285,000 

John A. Hill/1985(3)  $650  $0  $161,700  $285,000 

Paul L. Joskow/1997(3)  $650  $0  $113,400  $285,000 

Kenneth R. Leibler/2006  $706  N/A  N/A  $310,000 

Robert E. Patterson/1984  $706  $0  $106,500  $310,000 

George Putnam, III/1984  $650  $0  $130,300  $285,000 

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(6)  $650  $0  $107,100  $285,000 

</R>         
Robert L. Reynolds/2008(7)  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

 

(1) Estimated benefits for each Trustee are based on Trustee fee rates for calendar years 2003, 2004 and 2005.

<R>

(2) As of December 31, 2014, there were 116 funds in the Putnam family.

(3) Certain Trustees are also owed compensation deferred pursuant to a Trustee Compensation Deferral Plan. As of May 31, 2015, the total amounts of deferred compensation payable by each fund, including income earned on such amounts, to these Trustees were:

</R>

I-19 

 



  Mr.  Ms.  Ms.  Mr.  Ms.  Mr.  Dr. 
Fund name  Ahamed Baumann Baxter Darretta Domotorffy Hill  Joskow 

<R>               
ARIZONA FUND  $941  $1,090  $5,237  $3,232  $415  $11,645  $3,933 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  $1,639  $1,899  $9,125  $5,631  $722  $20,289  $6,852 
MICHIGAN FUND  $979  $1,134  $5,448  $3,362  $431  $12,114  $4,091 
MINNESOTA FUND  $1,036  $1,200  $5,766  $3,558  $456  $12,820  $4,330 
NEW JERSEY FUND  $1,374  $1,592  $7,646  $4,718  $605  $17,002  $5,742 
OHIO FUND  $1,151  $1,334  $6,408  $3,954  $507  $14,248  $4,812 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  $1,305  $1,512  $7,264  $4,482  $575  $16,152  $5,454 

 

(4) Includes additional compensation to Ms. Baxter for service as Chair of the Trustees of the Putnam funds.

(5)Mr. Curtis retired from the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds on June 30, 2015.

(6) Mr. Stephens retired from the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds on March 31, 2008. Upon his retirement in 2008, Mr. Stephens became entitled to receive annual retirement benefit payments from the funds commencing on January 15, 2009. Mr. Stephens was re-appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds effective May 14, 2009, and in connection with his re-appointment, Mr. Stephens has agreed to suspend the balance of his retirement benefit payments for the duration of his service as a Trustee.

</R>

(7) Mr. Reynolds is an "interested person" of the fund and Putnam Management.

Under a Retirement Plan for Trustees of the Putnam funds (the Plan), each Trustee who retires with at least five years of service as a Trustee of the funds is entitled to receive an annual retirement benefit equal to one-half of the average annual attendance and retainer fees paid to such Trustee for calendar years 2003, 2004 and 2005. This retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee's lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. A death benefit, also available under the Plan, ensures that the Trustee and his or her beneficiaries will receive benefit payments for the lesser of an aggregate period of (i) ten years, or (ii) such Trustee's total years of service.

I-20 

 



<R>

The Plan Administrator (currently the Board Policy and Nominating Committee) may terminate or amend the Plan at any time, but no termination or amendment will result in a reduction in the amount of benefits (i) currently being paid to a Trustee at the time of such termination or amendment, or (ii) to which a current Trustee would have been entitled had he or she retired immediately prior to such termination or amendment. The Trustees have terminated the Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected to the Board after 2003.

</R>

For additional information concerning the Trustees, see "Management" in Part II of this SAI.

Share ownership

<R>

At August 31, 2015, the officers and Trustees of the fund as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of each fund, except class Y of the Arizona Fund of which they owned 1.55%, and, except as noted below, no person owned of record or to the knowledge of the funds beneficially 5% or more of any class of shares of the funds.

</R>

    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

<R>       
ARIZONA FUND  A  National Financial Services, LLC  10.20% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  A  First Clearing LLC  9.72% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  A  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  8.62% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

 

I-21 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  A  Edward D Jones & Co  8.55% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  A  Pershing LLC  8.05% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  A  Charles Schwab & Co Inc.  6.18% 
    Special Custody A/C FBO Customers   
    Attn: Mutual Funds   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  A  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  5.14% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  B  National Financial Services, LLC  43.26% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  B  LPL Financial  15.51% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    4707 Executive Drive   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

  B  George Migliorisi & Ann Migliorisi  12.30% 
    Trustees   
    Migliorisi Family Living Trust U/A   
    Dtd 09/20/2010   
    13034 W Pinnacle Vista Dr.   
    Peoria, AZ 85383-7606   

  B  First Clearing LLC  9.55% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

 

I-22 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  B  Edward D Jones & Co  5.73% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  C  First Clearing LLC  29.28% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  C  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  21.70% 
its Customers
    Attn: Fund Administration   
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  C  National Financial Services, LLC  12.73% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  C  LPL Financial  6.81% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    4707 Executive Drive.   
    San Diego, CA 92121-3091   

  C  UBS Wealth Management USA  6.58% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  M  Pershing LLC  41.98% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  M  LPL Financial  20.58% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    4707 Executive Drive   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

 

I-23 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  M  John A. Martin as Trustee of the  15.01% 
    John A. Martin Trust   
    U/A dated 9-28-05   
    310 W. Monte Vista Rd   
    Phoenix, AZ 85003-1121   

  M  Robert W Baird & Co., Inc  10.93% 
    A/C 2143-3811   
    777 E Wisconsin Ave.   
    Milwaukee, WI 53202-5300   

  Y  First Clearing LLC  25.22% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  Y  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  22.36% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  Y  UBS Wealth Management USA  16.58% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  Y  LPL Financial  14.90% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    4707 Executive Drive   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

  Y  Charles Schwab & Co Inc.  5.29% 
    Special Custody A/C FBO Customers   
    Attn: Mutual Funds   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

MASSACHUSETTS  A  National Financial Services, LLC  14.78% 
FUND    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

 

I-24 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  A  Pershing LLC  9.74% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  A  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  6.66% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  A  First Clearing LLC  6.40% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  A  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  6.31% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  B  RBC Capital Markets, LLC  20.14% 
    Mutual Fund Omnibus Processing   
    Attn: Mutual Fund Ops Manager   
    510 Marquette Ave S   
    Minneapolis, MN 55402-1110   

  B  First Clearing LLC  10.07% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  B  Pershing LLC  9.93% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  B  National Financial Services, LLC  8.52% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  B  Stifel Nicolaus & Co Inc  6.67% 
    For the Exclusive Benefit of its   
    Customers   
    501 North Broadway   
    St. Louis, MO 63102-2188   

 

I-25 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  B  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  6.03% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  C  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  26.89% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  C  National Financial Services, LLC  16.53% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  C  Pershing LLC  8.72% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  7.84% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  M  SEI Private Trust Company  29.15% 
    For the Benefit of Mellon Bank ID 225   
    1 Freedom Valley Dr.   
    Oaks, PA 19456-9989   

  M  National Financial Services, LLC  20.51% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  M  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  10.72% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  M  Pershing LLC  6.75% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

 

I-26 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  M  First Clearing LLC  6.22% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  Y  National Financial Services, LLC  40.08% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  Y  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  15.60% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  Y  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  10.67% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  Y  Pershing LLC  7.86% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  Y  UBS Wealth Management USA  5.53% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  Y  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  5.45% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  Y  LPL Financial  5.10% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    4707 Executive Drive   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

 

I-27 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

MICHIGAN FUND  A  Edward D Jones & Co  16.40% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  A  Raymond James & Assoc Inc  9.44% 
    Omnibus for Mutual Funds   
    House Acct Firm 92500015   
    Attn: Courtney Waller   
    880 Carillon Pkwy   
    St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1100   

  A  First Clearing, LLC  7.82% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  B  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  28.84% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  B  First Clearing LLC  25.73% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  B  Raymond James & Assoc Inc  9.28% 
    Omnibus for Mutual Funds   
    House Acct Firm 92500015   
    Attn: Courtney Waller   
    880 Carillon Pkwy   
    St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1100   

  B  Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.  8.03% 
    For the Benefit of   
    Mary E. Brooks   
    Trustee Mary E. Brooks Trust   
    U/A dated 8/14/96   
    263 Mount Vernon Ave.   
    Grosse Pointe, MI 48236-3436   

 

I-28 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  B  National Financial Services, LLC  5.95% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  B  Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.  5.38% 
    For the Benefit of   
    Mary E. Brooks, Hillary B. Mahon &   
    Paul M. Brooks, Succ – Trustees   
    James A. Brooks Trust dated 8/14/96   
    Amended 08/01/00   
    263 Mount Vernon Ave.   
    Grosse Pointe, MI 48236-3436   

  B  Edward D Jones & Co  5.33% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  C  Pershing LLC  20.40% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  Raymond James & Assoc Inc  12.81% 
    Omnibus for Mutual Funds   
    House Acct Firm 92500015   
    Attn: Courtney Waller   
    880 Carillon Pkwy   
    St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1100   

  C  UBS Wealth Management USA  9.81% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd.   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  C  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  8.14% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

 

I-29 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  C  First Clearing LLC  6.88% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  C  Edward D Jones & Co  6.07% 
    For the   
    Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  M  Pershing LLC  60.07% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  M  Edward D Jones & Co  16.72% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  M  First Clearing LLC  13.10% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  Y  Pershing LLC  67.22% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  Y  LPL Financial  13.68% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    4707 Executive Drive   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

MINNESOTA FUND  A  Edward D Jones & Co  13.87% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  A  Pershing LLC  11.28% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

 

I-30 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  A  RBC Capital Markets, LLC  5.95% 
    Mutual Fund Processing Omnibus   
    Attn: Mutual Fund Ops Manager   
    60 S 6th St Ste 700 # -P08   
    Minneapolis, MN 55402-4413   

  A  UBS Wealth Management USA  5.45% 
    000 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd.   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  B  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  31.02% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  B  Pershing LLC  30.80% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  B  Edward D Jones & Co  10.27% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  B  First Clearing, LLC  6.79% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  C  Pershing LLC  23.98% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  First Clearing, LLC  13.69% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

 

I-31 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  M  Stifel Nicolaus & Co Inc.  34.67% 
    For the Exclusive Benefit of its   
    Customers   
    501 North Broadway   
    St. Louis, MO 63102-2188   

  M  Ann P Gustin & John M Gustin, Ttees  25.41% 
    Gustin Revocable Living Trust   
    U/D/T 03/18/2003   
    3061 Woodlark Ln.   
    Eagan, MN 55121-1916   

  M  National Financial Services, LLC  8.76% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  M  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  8.69% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  M  Michael C Ritchie and Barbara J  6.38% 
Ritchie JT Tod
    8938 37th St. N   
    Lake Elmo, MN 55042-8402   

  Y  UBS Wealth Management USA  36.64% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd.   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  Y  First Clearing LLC  25.97% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

 

I-32 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  Y  LPL Financial  10.95% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    9785 Towne Centre Dr.   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

  Y  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  6.15% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

NEW JERSEY FUND  A  National Financial Services, LLC  14.80% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  A  First Clearing, LLC  13.04% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  A  Pershing LLC  8.61% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  A  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  7.50% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  A  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  6.91% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  A  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  6.91% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

 

I-33 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  B  First Clearing, LLC  51.97% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  B  Pershing LLC  15.28% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  B  National Financial Services, LLC  6.98% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  B  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  6.68% 
its Customers
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  C  First Clearing, LLC  32.94% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  C  Pershing LLC  11.31% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  10.75% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  C  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  9.71% 
its Customers
    Attn: Fund Administration   
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  C  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  8.34% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

 

I-34 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  C  Raymond James & Assoc Inc  7.23% 
    Omnibus for Mutual Funds   
    House Acct Firm 92500015   
    Attn: Courtney Waller   
    880 Carillon Pkwy   
    St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1100   

  M  First Clearing, LLC  74.22% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  M  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  5.49% 
its Customers
    Attn: Fund Administration   
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  Y  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  59.10% 
its Customers
    Attn: Fund Administration   
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  Y  First Clearing, LLC  22.26% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  Y  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  7.30% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

OHIO FUND  A  Edward D Jones & Co  11.79% 
    For the Benefit of Customers   
    12555 Manchester Rd.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729   

  A  First Clearing, LLC  9.07% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

 

I-35 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  A  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  7.96% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  A  Pershing LLC  6.25% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  A  National Financial Services, LLC  5.76% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  B  Pershing LLC  42.13% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  Pershing LLC  27.53% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  UBS Wealth Management USA  14.07% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd.   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  C  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  6.40% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  C  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  6.07% 
its Customers
    Attn: Fund Administration   
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  C  First Clearing, LLC  5.49% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

 

I-36 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  C  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  5.45% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  M  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  38.11% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  M  Pamela R Lauless TOD  28.15% 
    2664 Alexandria Dr.   
    Lima, OH 45805-2678   

  M  Patricia J White  9.99% 
    Dalmas L White JTWROS   
    2076 US 68 South, Lot 36   
    Wilmington, OH 45177-9785   

  M  Albert A Myers  9.82% 
    TOD Thelma A Myers   
    Subject To State TOD Rules   
    6314 S Funk Rd.   
    Shreve, OH 44676-9716   

  Y  UBS Wealth Management USA  37.97% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd.   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

  Y  SEI Private Trust Company  24.31% 
    c/o First Merit ID 682   
    1 Freedom Valley Dr.   
    Oaks, PA 19456-9989   

  Y  First Clearing, LLC  13.35% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  Y  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  9.08% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

 

I-37 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  Y  MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of  7.50% 
its Customers
    Attn: Fund Administration   
    4800 Deer Lake Dr. E Fl 3   
    Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484   

  Y  Pershing LLC  5.96% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

PENNSYLVANIA FUND  A  National Financial Services, LLC  22.99% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  A  Pershing LLC  16.01% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  A  First Clearing, LLC  7.01% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  B  National Financial Services, LLC  33.44% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  B  First Clearing, LLC  23.53% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  B  Pershing LLC  8.59% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

 

I-38 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  C  First Clearing, LLC  17.12% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  C  National Financial Services, LLC  13.67% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  C  Pershing LLC  11.13% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  C  LPL Financial  10.66% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    9785 Towne Centre Dr.   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

  C  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc  5.39% 
    Clearing Account for the Exclusive   
    Benefit of Their Customers   
    101 Montgomery St.   
    San Francisco, CA 94104-4151   

  C  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  5.38% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  M  John J Handley & Joyce A Handley  31.55% 
Ten In Comm
    495 Lake Louise Rd.   
    Dallas, PA 18612-6063   

  M  Pershing LLC  11.19% 
    1 Pershing Plaza   
    Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001   

  M  LPL Financial  6.49% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    9785 Towne Centre Dr.   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

 

I-39 

 



    Shareholder name  Percentage 
Fund name  Class  and address  owned (%) 

  M  Michael Steinkirchner & Maury  5.97% 
    Steinkirchner JTWROS   
445 Turtle Ln
    Langhorne, PA 19047-3161   

  Y  First Clearing, LLC  25.37% 
    Special Custody Acct for the   
    Exclusive Benefit of Customer   
    2801 Market St.   
    Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523   

  Y  LPL Financial  13.75% 
    Omnibus Customer Account   
    Attn: Lindsay O’Toole   
    9785 Towne Centre Dr.   
    San Diego, CA 92121-1968   

  Y  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney  10.84% 
    Harborside Financial Center   
    Plaza 2, 3rd Floor   
    Jersey City, NJ 07311   

  Y  National Financial Services, LLC  7.26% 
    for the Exclusive Benefit of   
    Our Customers   
    499 Washington Blvd.   
    Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl   
    Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010   

  Y  Cetera Investment Svcs  6.42% 
    FBO Gary Moore 2PC-03198-17   
    2007 Saucon Valley Rd.   
    Bethlehem, PA 18015-9054   

  Y  UBS Wealth Management USA  5.48% 
    0O0 11011 6100   
    Omni Account M/F   
    Attn: Department Manager   
    1000 Harbor Blvd.   
    Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761   

</R>       

 

I-40 

 



Distribution fees

<R>

During fiscal 2015, the funds paid the following 12b-1 fees to Putnam Retail Management:

</R>

Fund name  Class A  Class B  Class C  Class M 
<R>         
ARIZONA FUND  $98,211  $8,488  $23,456  $4,999 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  $560,677  $28,395  $306,703  $14,289 
MICHIGAN FUND  $136,279  $10,763  $17,941  $1,756 
MINNESOTA FUND  $203,248  $9,835  $166,378  $1,974 
NEW JERSEY FUND  $366,958  $41,139  $227,574  $11,453 
OHIO FUND  $272,386  $15,226  $108,923  $2,571 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  $380,393  $41,760  $246,162  $19,668 
</R>         

Class A sales charges and contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received sales charges with respect to class A shares in the following amounts during the periods indicated:

I-41 

 



    Total  Sales charges retained  Contingent 
    front-end  by Putnam Retail  deferred 
  Fiscal  sales  Management after dealer  sales 
Fund name  year  charges  concessions  charges 
<R>         
ARIZONA FUND  2015  $37,196  $5,893  $0 
  2014  $32,117  $5,237  $0 
  2013  $89,283  $18,964  $0 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  2015  $113,511  $19,262  $0 
  2014  $77,484  $12,307  $2,835 
  2013  $448,068  $70,717  $20,344 
MICHIGAN FUND  2015  $41,094  $11,163  $0 
  2014  $29,072  $4,583  $0 
  2013  $98,523  $14,960  $0 
MINNESOTA FUND  2015  $56,581  $9,347  $1,674 
  2014  $22,549  $3,087  $0 
  2013  $90,709  $13,253  $1,749 
NEW JERSEY FUND  2015  $92,850  $14,313  $0 
  2014  $79,214  $13,008  $2,674 
  2013  $380,404  $60,054  $0 
OHIO FUND  2015  $69,908  $11,135  $14,120 
  2014  $65,044  $10,335  $0 
  2013  $179,345  $29,244  $0 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  2015  $161,892  $25,848  $0 
  2014  $91,357  $13,881  $0 
  2013  $390,554  $60,291  $0 
</R>         

Class B contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received contingent deferred sales charges upon redemptions of class B shares in the following amounts during the periods indicated:

I-42 

 



Fund name  Fiscal year  Contingent deferred sales charges 
<R>     
ARIZONA FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $0 
  2013  $0 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  2015  $2,837 
  2014  $2,406 
  2013  $3,632 
MICHIGAN FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $3,186 
  2013  $38 
MINNESOTA FUND  2015  $181 
  2014  $0 
  2013  $0 
NEW JERSEY FUND  2015  $210 
  2014  $6,877 
  2013  $2,247 
OHIO FUND  2015  $1,130 
  2014  $605 
  2013  $878 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  2015  $1,624 
  2014  $4,572 
  2013  $4,117 
</R>     

Class C contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received contingent deferred sales charges upon redemptions of class C shares in the following amounts during the periods indicated:

I-43 

 



Fund name  Fiscal year  Contingent deferred sales charges 
<R>     
ARIZONA FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $0 
  2013  $30 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  2015  $528 
  2014  $3,386 
  2013  $5,675 
MICHIGAN FUND  2015  $0 
  2014  $98 
  2013  $449 
MINNESOTA FUND  2015  $539 
  2014  $1,567 
  2013  $2,400 
NEW JERSEY FUND  2015  $67 
  2014  $117 
  2013  $233 
OHIO FUND  2015  $20 
  2014  $243 
  2013  $260 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  2015  $719 
  2014  $675 
  2013  $4,507 
</R>     

Class M sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received sales charges with respect to class M shares in the following amounts during the periods indicated:

I-44 

 



      Sales charges retained by 
  Fiscal  Total front-end  Putnam Retail Management 
Fund name  year  sales charges  after dealer concessions 
<R>       
ARIZONA FUND  2015  $0  $0 
  2014  $0  $0 
  2013  $182  $22 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  2015  $574  $101 
  2014  $2,375  $321 
  2013  $4,334  $479 
MICHIGAN FUND  2015  $15  $1 
  2014  $665  $48 
  2013  $647  $67 
MINNESOTA FUND  2015  $0  $0 
  2014  $20  $2 
  2013  $617  $117 
NEW JERSEY FUND  2015  $1,334  $277 
  2014  $285  $46 
  2013  $3,714  $471 
OHIO FUND  2015  $538  $117 
  2014  $396  $66 
  2013  $3,300  $607 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  2015  $4,125  $377 
  2014  $3,029  $205 
  2013  $9,971  $1,764 
</R>       

Investor servicing fees

<R>

During the 2015 fiscal year, each fund incurred the following fees for investor servicing provided by Putnam Investor Services, Inc.:

I-45 

 



ARIZONA FUND  $29,879 
MASSACHUSETTS FUND  $175,470 
MICHIGAN FUND  $40,400 
MINNESOTA FUND  $61,559 
NEW JERSEY FUND  $118,006 
OHIO FUND  $81,272 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  $115,874 
</R>   

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Other accounts managed

The following tables show the number and approximate assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that each fund’s portfolio managers managed as of the fund’s most recent fiscal year-end. The other accounts may include accounts for which the individuals were not designated as a portfolio manager. Unless noted, none of the other accounts pays a fee based on the account's performance.

<R>

Arizona Fund

</R>

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, 
      Other accounts that pool  managed account programs 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  and single-sponsor defined 
managers  end and closed-end funds  client  contribution plan offerings) 

  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             
Thalia Meehan  15  $7,038,000,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $7,038,000,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $7,038,000,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

 

I-46 

 



Massachusetts Fund
</R>

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, 
      Other accounts that pool  managed account programs 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  and single-sponsor defined 
managers  end and closed-end funds  client  contribution plan offerings) 

  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             

Thalia Meehan  15  $6,780,100,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $6,780,100,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $6,780,100,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

 

Michigan Fund
</R>

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, managed 
      Other accounts that pool  account programs and 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  single-sponsor defined 
managers  end and closed-end funds  client  contribution plan offerings) 

  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             
Thalia Meehan  15  $7,018,600,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $7,018,600,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $7,018,600,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

 

Minnesota Fund
</R>

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, managed 
      Other accounts that pool  account programs and 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  single-sponsor defined 
managers  end and closed-end funds  client  contribution plan offerings) 

  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             
Thalia Meehan  15  $6,978,000,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $6,978,000,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $6,978,000,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

 

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New Jersey Fund
</R>

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, managed 
      Other accounts that pool  account programs and single- 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  sponsor defined contribution 
managers  end and closed-end funds  client  plan offerings) 

  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             
Thalia Meehan  15  $6,889,200,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $6,889,200,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $6,889,200,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

 

Ohio Fund

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, managed 
      Other accounts that pool  account programs and 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  single-sponsor defined 
Managers  end and closed-end funds  client  contribution plan offerings) 

</R>             
  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             

Thalia Meehan  15  $6,946,200,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $6,946,200,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $6,946,200,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

 

Pennsylvania Fund
</R>

          Other accounts (including 
          separate accounts, managed 
      Other accounts that pool  account programs and 
Portfolio  Other SEC-registered open-  assets from more than one  single-sponsor defined 
managers  end and closed-end funds  client  contribution plan offerings) 

  Number    Number    Number   
  of    of    of   
  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets  accounts  Assets 

<R>             
Thalia Meehan  15  $6,886,500,000  0  0  1  $500,000 

Paul Drury  15  $6,886,500,000  0  0  0  0 

Susan McCormack  15  $6,886,500,000  0  0  1  $1,400,000 

</R>             

 

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See “Management—Portfolio Transactions—Potential conflicts of interest in managing multiple accounts” in Part II of this SAI for information on how Putnam Management addresses potential conflicts of interest resulting from an individual’s management of more than one account.

Compensation of portfolio managers

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Putnam’s goal for its products and investors is to deliver strong performance versus peers or performance ahead of the applicable benchmark, depending on the product, over a rolling 3-year period. Portfolio managers are evaluated and compensated, in part, based on their performance relative to this goal across the products they manage. In addition to their individual performance, evaluations take into account the performance of their group and a subjective component.

Each portfolio manager is assigned an industry competitive incentive compensation target consistent with this goal and evaluation framework. Actual incentive compensation may be higher or lower than the target, based on individual, group, and subjective performance, and may also reflect the performance of Putnam as a firm. Typically, performance is measured over the lesser of three years or the length of time a portfolio manager has managed a product.

</R>

Incentive compensation includes a cash bonus and may also include grants of deferred cash, stock or options. In addition to incentive compensation, portfolio managers receive fixed annual salaries typically based on level of responsibility and experience.

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For each fund, Putnam evaluates performance based on the fund's peer ranking in the fund's Lipper category or categories, as applicable, over the 3-year period. This peer ranking is based on pre-tax performance.

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Ownership of securities

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The dollar range of shares of each fund owned by each portfolio manager at the end of the fund’s last fiscal year, including investments by immediate family members and amounts invested through retirement and deferred compensation plans, was as follows:

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Fund  Portfolio managers  Dollar range of shares owned 
THE ARIZONA FUND  Thalia Meehan  $0 
  Paul Drury  $0 
  Susan McCormack  $0 
THE MASSACHUSETTS FUND Thalia Meehan   $100,001-$500,000 
  Paul Drury  $10,001-$50,000 
  Susan McCormack  $1-$10,000 
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MICHIGAN FUND  Thalia Meehan  $0 
  Paul Drury  $0 
  Susan McCormack  $0 
MINNESOTA FUND  Thalia Meehan  $0 
  Paul Drury  $0 
  Susan McCormack  $0 
NEW JERSEY FUND  Thalia Meehan  $0 
  Paul Drury  $0 
  Susan McCormack  $0 
OHIO FUND  Thalia Meehan  $0 
  Paul Drury  $0 
  Susan McCormack  $0 
PENNSYLVANIA FUND  Thalia Meehan  $0 
  Paul Drury  $0 
  Susan McCormack  $0 
</R>     

STATE TAXES

The prospectus describes generally the tax treatment of distributions by the funds. This section of the SAI and the section entitled "Taxes" in Part II of this SAI include additional information concerning certain state and federal tax consequences of an investment in a fund.

This additional information is based on state laws, judicial decisions and other administrative materials interpreting state law, all of which are subject to changes that may or may not be retroactive. Prospective investors should be aware that an investment in a state tax-exempt fund may not be suitable for persons who do not otherwise receive income subject to income taxes of such state. You should consult your tax advisor to see how investing in a Fund will affect your own tax situation.

From time to time legislation may be introduced or litigation may arise that would change the tax treatment of exempt-interest dividends. Such litigation or legislation may have the effect of raising the state or other taxes payable by shareholders on such

I-50 

 



dividends. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers for the current law on exempt-interest dividends.

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Arizona. It is the published position of the Arizona Department of Revenue that distributions by a regulated investment company are exempt from Arizona state income taxes to the extent such distributions are derived from interest on obligations the interest on which is exempt from Arizona state income taxes. As long as the Arizona fund qualifies as a regulated investment company, distributions by the Arizona fund that are derived from interest income on obligations of Arizona state and local governmental entities that is not taxed under Arizona income tax laws and on U.S. Treasury securities will be exempt from Arizona state income taxes. In addition, it is the published position of the Arizona Department of Revenue that distributions by a regulated investment company derived from certain other governmental obligations as to which federal law specifically precludes state taxation of interest received by a direct investor in such obligations are exempt from Arizona state income taxes.

Interest on obligations in the form of bonds issued pursuant to statutory authority by the State of Arizona, its counties, municipalities or other subdivisions is exempt from Arizona state income taxes by operation of Arizona Constitution article 9, section 2(3), regardless of its treatment for federal income tax purposes.

Interest on obligations of Arizona state and local governmental entities that do not constitute bonds issued pursuant to statutory authority by the State of Arizona, its counties, municipalities or other subdivisions, but that is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes, is not included in taxable income of individuals or corporations for Arizona income tax purposes only for so long as that interest is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. There are a number of conditions for the interest on state and local government obligations to be and to remain excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. Noncompliance with these conditions may cause loss of federally exempt status and result in interest on these obligations being included in gross income for federal income tax purposes, and therefore being included in taxable income of individuals and corporations for Arizona state income tax purposes, possibly retroactively to the date of issuance of the obligations, with the result that dividends paid by the Arizona fund derived from that interest will not be exempt from Arizona state income taxes.

For Arizona state income tax purposes, distributions by the Arizona fund, other than distributions exempt from Arizona state income taxes, will be taxable as ordinary income, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. Under current Arizona income tax law, distributions of net capital gains earned by the Arizona fund are not exempt from Arizona state income taxes and are taxed at ordinary income tax rates.

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Massachusetts. Distributions received from the Massachusetts fund are exempt from Massachusetts personal income tax to the extent that they are derived from interest on tax-exempt securities of Massachusetts issuers or obligations issued by or on behalf of the United States government and certain of its possessions and are properly designated as such. The Massachusetts fund has obtained a tax ruling which recognizes for Massachusetts personal income tax purposes the tax-exempt character of gains realized by the fund on the sale of certain tax-exempt securities of Massachusetts issuers when those gains are distributed to shareholders and properly designated as such.

Distributions from investment income and capital gains, including exempt-interest dividends, are not exempt, however, from Massachusetts corporate excise tax.

Michigan. Distributions received from the Michigan fund are exempt from Michigan personal income tax to the extent they are exempt-interest dividends derived from interest on tax-exempt securities. For Michigan personal income tax, fund distributions attributable to any source other than interest on Michigan tax-exempt securities or tax exempt obligations of the United States will be fully taxable, and for purposes of Michigan personal income tax such distributions will be fully included in the tax base upon which the personal income tax is computed. Fund distributions may be subject to the uniform city income tax imposed by certain Michigan cities.

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The Michigan Corporate Income Tax ("CIT") is Part 2 of the Michigan Income Tax Act and replaced the former Michigan Business Tax for business activity conducted in the State on and after January 1, 2012. The CIT is applicable to only C corporations, insurance companies and financial institutions. The CIT subjects corporate taxpayers (other than insurance companies or financial institutions) to a 6.0% tax on the corporation’s income tax base, which amount is principally derived from federal taxable income, subject to certain adjustments. Accordingly, the CIT should exclude exempt-interest dividends, received by a corporation on Michigan obligations which are federally tax-exempt by virtue of the fact that the tax base is determined by reference to federal taxable income.

</R>

Owners of fund shares (other than insurance companies and financial institutions) who will be subject to the CIT for periods on and after January 1, 2012 due to nexus with or business activity in Michigan will not be subject to the corporate income tax on distributions from the fund to the extent that the distributions qualify as exempt-interest dividends derived from interest on tax-exempt securities. However, fund distributions to such shareholders from sources other than those described above, including long or short-term capital gains derived in the regular course of a trade or business will not be exempt from the CIT.

I-52 

 



Under the CIT, insurance companies and financial institutions are, on and after January 1, 2012, subject to alternative forms of taxation and should consult with their tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of ownership of fund shares.

The taxation of business activities subject to the CIT is complex and shareholders who receive distributions with respect to fund shares held in connection with individual, corporate, limited liability company, or partnership business, rather than investment activities, should consult with their tax advisors.

Minnesota. Minnesota generally uses federal taxable income as the starting point for the determination of state taxable income. Minnesota excludes from the taxable income of individuals, estates and trusts the exempt-interest dividends as defined in Section 852(b)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code paid by a regulated investment company provided that the income is either exempt from state taxation under the laws of the United States, or the portion of the exempt-interest dividends is derived from interest income on obligations of the state of Minnesota or its political subdivisions, municipalities, governmental agencies or instrumentalities, but only if the portion of the exempt-interest dividend from such Minnesota sources paid to all shareholders represents 95 percent or more of the exempt-interest dividends. (Minn. Stat. §290.01, Subd. 19a(1)(ii)). To the extent the exempt-interest dividends are taken into account as a preference item for purposes of determining federal alternative taxable income, the exempt-interest dividends may be taxable for Minnesota alternative minimum tax. Since Minnesota law adopts federal adjusted gross income as the starting point for computing Minnesota income tax, dividends reported as capital gains for federal income tax purposes are included in an individual shareholder’s Minnesota taxable income. Unlike the federal income tax, Minnesota does not have a preferential tax rate for capital gains.

Minnesota has enacted a statement of intent that interest on obligations of Minnesota and its political subdivisions and Indian tribes, of any particular character or type, be included in net income of individuals, estates and trusts for Minnesota income tax purposes if it is judicially determined that Minnesota’s exemption of such interest and taxation of interest on comparable obligations of other states and their political subdivisions and Indian tribes unlawfully discriminates against interstate commerce. See Minn. Stat. § 289A.50, subd. 10. This provision applies to taxable years that begin during or after the calendar year in which any such determination becomes final.

On May 19, 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court decided the case of Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis, in which a taxpayer had challenged Kentucky’s scheme of taxation that exempted from taxation interest on the bonds of Kentucky and its political subdivisions while taxing interest on the bonds of other states and their political subdivisions. The Supreme Court held that Kentucky’s taxing scheme did not violate the Commerce Clause. This decision, however, dealt with bonds that financed governmental projects, and the Court noted that the case did not present any question concerning the treatment of “private activity bonds” issued by states and their political

I-53 

 



subdivisions to finance projects for private entities. (The Court’s opinion also did not address the issue of discriminatory treatment of Indian tribal bonds.) The Court’s opinion left open the possibility that another party could challenge a state’s discriminatory treatment of the interest on private activity bonds.

The management of the Funds is not aware of any pending litigation involving private activity bonds. Nevertheless, a court in the future could hold that a state’s discriminatory treatment of private activity bonds violates the Commerce Clause, and in that case the Minnesota statute could take effect and interest on Minnesota private activity obligations held by the Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund would become taxable in Minnesota.

That percentage of interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry shares of an investment company paying exempt-interest dividends, such as the Minnesota Fund, that is equal to the percentage of the Fund’s distributions from investment income and short-term capital gains that is exempt from federal income tax, will not be deductible by the investor for Minnesota personal income tax purposes.

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New Jersey. The New Jersey Fund intends to be a Qualified Investment Fund under the laws of New Jersey, except when investing for defensive purposes under certain circumstances. As long as the New Jersey fund is a Qualified Investment Fund, to the extent its distributions are derived from interest or net gains on Tax-Exempt Obligations, such distributions will be exempt from New Jersey Gross Income Tax, and gains resulting from the redemption or sale of shares of the New Jersey fund will also be exempt from New Jersey Gross Income Tax.

</R>

Under New Jersey law, the fund will be a "Qualified Investment Fund" for the calendar year if it both (i) has no investments other than Interest-Bearing Obligations, Cash, and Certain Financial Instruments, and (ii) at the end of each calendar quarter, has not less than 80 percent of the aggregate principal amount of all its investments-excluding Cash and Certain Financial Instruments-invested in Tax-Exempt Obligations. For this purpose, "Interest-Bearing Obligations" includes obligations issued at a discount and "Cash" includes cash items and receivables. "Certain Financial Instruments" means financial options, futures, forward contracts, and other similar financial instruments related to interest-bearing obligations, obligations issued at a discount, or bond indices related thereto.

"Tax-Exempt Obligations" means obligations the income of which is exempt from the New Jersey Gross Income Tax under New Jersey or federal law; these generally include both (a) obligations issued by or on behalf of New Jersey or any county, municipality, school (or other) district, agency, authority, commission, instrumentality, public corporation (including one created or existing pursuant to an agreement, or compact with New Jersey and any other state), body corporate and politic, or political subdivision of the State of New Jersey, and (b) obligations issued by or on behalf of the United States Government or the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands.

I-54 

 



Distributions by the fund derived from income or net gains on investments other than Tax-Exempt Obligations, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be taxable as ordinary income under the New Jersey Gross Income Tax. In addition, if the fund is below the 80% requirement at the end of any calendar quarter for any reason, then the fund will fail to qualify as a Qualified Investment Fund for the entire calendar year and all distributions derived from interest or gains from such year, whether or not attributable to Tax-Exempt Obligations, and all gains resulting from the redemption or sale of shares will be taxable under the New Jersey Gross Income Tax.

The New Jersey Gross Income Tax is not applicable to corporations. For all corporations subject to the New Jersey Corporation Business Tax, distributions derived from interest or net gains on Tax-Exempt Obligations as well as gains on the redemption or sale of shares are included in the net income tax base for purposes of computing the Corporation Business Tax. Also, to the extent any distributions or gains on redemption or sale are considered to be a New Jersey gross receipt (that is, generally, a business receipt sourced to New Jersey), such distributions or gains may be included in a corporate shareholder's gross receipts base for computing the Alternative Minimum Assessment component of the Corporation Business Tax.

The New Jersey fund will notify shareholders by February 15 of each calendar year as to the amounts of dividends and distributions made with respect to the preceding calendar year that are exempt from federal income taxes and the New Jersey Gross Income Tax and the amounts, if any, which are subject to such taxes. The New Jersey fund will also make appropriate certification of its status to New Jersey tax authorities by that date.

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Ohio. Distributions received from the Ohio Fund are exempt from Ohio personal income tax and municipal and school district income taxes in Ohio and will be excluded from the net income base of the Ohio corporation franchise tax to the extent they are properly attributable to interest on obligations issued by the State of Ohio, its political subdivisions, or its agencies or instrumentalities ("Ohio Obligations"), provided that the Ohio Fund continues to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes and that at all times at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the fund consists of Ohio Obligations or similar obligations of other states or their subdivisions. It is assumed for purposes of this discussion of Ohio taxation that these requirements are satisfied. The Ohio Fund's shares will be included in a shareholder's tax base for purposes of the Ohio financial institutions tax and in computing the Ohio corporation franchise tax on the net worth basis.

Distributions from the Ohio Fund of capital gains earned or received by the Ohio fund are exempt from Ohio personal income tax and municipal and school district income taxes in Ohio and will be excluded from the net income base of the Ohio corporation franchise tax, in each case to the extent that such distributions are properly attributable to profit made on the sale, exchange or other disposition by the Ohio Fund of Ohio Obligations.

I-55 

 



Distributions properly attributable to interest on obligations of the United States or of any authority, commission, or instrumentality of the United States (“Federal Obligations”) are exempt from Ohio personal income tax, the net income base of the Ohio corporation franchise tax, and municipal and school district income taxes in Ohio, regardless of the amount of Federal Obligations or Ohio Obligations held by the Ohio Fund. Distributions properly attributable to interest on obligations of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands, or their authorities or instrumentalities (“Possessions Obligations”), are exempt from Ohio personal income tax and municipal and school district income taxes in Ohio to the extent the interest on such Possessions Obligations is exempt under federal law from state and local income taxes, regardless of the amount of Ohio Obligations or Possessions Obligations held by the Ohio Fund. Distributions properly attributable to interest on Possessions Obligations are excluded from the net income base of the Ohio corporation franchise tax to the extent such interest is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes.

Distributions received from the Ohio Fund are exempt from the Ohio commercial activity tax regardless of whether the requirements described in the first paragraph of this discussion are satisfied. Except to the extent set forth below, distributions received from the Ohio fund are also exempt from municipal income taxes and joint economic development district income taxes in Ohio regardless of whether the requirements described in the first paragraph of this discussion are satisfied. If those requirements are not satisfied, however, such distributions received by a resident of a “qualified municipal corporation” (within the meaning of Ohio revised Code Chapter 718) are subject to tax by that municipal corporation, and up to 5% of such distributions can be included in the computation of certain business net profits that are subject to municipal income taxes and joint economic development district income taxes in Ohio.

Pennsylvania. Distributions paid by the Pennsylvania Fund will not be subject to the Pennsylvania personal income tax or (in the case of residents of the City of Philadelphia) the Philadelphia school district investment net income tax to the extent that the distributions are properly attributable to interest on (i) obligations issued by the State of Pennsylvania, its political subdivisions, or its agencies or instrumentalities ("Pennsylvania Obligations"), (ii) direct obligations of the United States or of any qualifying authority, commission, or instrumentality of the United States, or (iii) qualifying obligations of certain United States territories or possessions the interest on which is exempt from state income taxes under the laws of the United States (“Possessions Obligations”). Distributions by the Pennsylvania Fund that are attributable to other sources (including indirect obligations of the United States such as Ginnie Maes, Fannie Maes, etc.) are generally not exempt and are subject to the Pennsylvania personal income tax and (in the case of residents of Philadelphia) to the Philadelphia School District investment net income tax whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. In addition, distributions designated as capital gain dividends for federal income tax purposes will also generally be exempt from the Philadelphia School District investment net income tax.

I-56 

 



To the extent that distributions that are attributable to interest on Pennsylvania Obligations and Possessions Obligations are excluded from taxable income for federal income tax purposes (determined before net operating loss carryovers and special deductions), they will not be subject to the Pennsylvania corporate net income tax. In addition, a deduction is permitted in computing Pennsylvania taxable income (for purposes of the corporate net income tax) for the amount of distributions paid by the Pennsylvania Fund attributable to interest on (i) direct obligations of the United States or of any qualifying authority, commission or instrumentality of the United States, and (ii) Possessions Obligations, to the extent such amount is included in federal taxable income, but such a deduction is reduced by any interest on indebtedness incurred to carry such obligations and other expenses incurred in the production of such interest income (including expenses deducted on the federal income tax return that would not have been allowed under the Internal Revenue Code if the interest were exempt from federal income tax). Distributions by the Pennsylvania Fund that are attributable to other sources (including indirect obligations of the United States such as Ginnie Maes, Fannie Maes, etc.) are generally not exempt and are subject to the corporate net income tax. An investment in the Pennsylvania Fund by a corporate shareholder will qualify as an exempt asset for purposes of the single asset apportionment fraction available in computing the Pennsylvania capital stock/foreign franchise tax to the extent that the portfolio securities of the Pennsylvania Fund comprise investments in (i) Pennsylvania Obligations, (ii) direct obligations of the United States or of any qualifying authority, commission or instrumentality of the United States, or (iii) Possessions Obligations, provided that such portfolio securities would be exempt assets if owned directly by the corporation.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania Funds

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, is the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm providing audit services, tax return review and other tax consulting services and assistance and consultation in connection with the review of various Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, financial highlights and financial statements included in each fund’s Annual Report for each fund’s most recent fiscal year are included as Appendix B to this SAI. The financial highlights included in the prospectus and this SAI and the financial statements included in this SAI (which is incorporated by reference into the prospectus) have been so included in reliance upon the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

I-57 

 



Arizona Fund

KPMG LLP, Two Financial Center, 60 South Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, is the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm providing audit services, tax return review and other tax consulting services and assistance and consultation in connection with the review of various Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, financial highlights and financial statements included in the fund's Annual Report for the fund’s most recent fiscal year are included as Appendix B to this SAI. The financial highlights included in the prospectus and this SAI and the financial statements included in this SAI (which is incorporated by reference into the prospectus) have been so included in reliance upon the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

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I-58 

 


THE PUTNAM FUNDS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (“SAI”) 
PART II

 

HOW TO BUY SHARES

Each prospectus describes briefly how investors may buy shares of the fund and identifies the share classes offered by that prospectus. Because of different sales charges and expenses, the investment performance of the classes will vary. This section of the SAI contains more information on how to buy shares. For more information, including your eligibility to purchase certain classes of shares, contact your investment dealer or Putnam Investor Services, Inc., the funds’ investor servicing agent (“Putnam Investor Services”), at 1-800-225-1581. Investors who purchase shares at net asset value through employer-sponsored retirement plans (including, for example, 401(k) plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, and 457 plans) should also consult their employer for information about the extent to which the matters described in this section and in the sections that follow apply to them.

Except as set forth below, the fund does not accept new accounts or additional investments (including by way of exchange from another fund) into existing accounts held in the name of persons or entities that do not have both a residential or business address within the United States (including APO/FPO addresses) and a valid U.S. tax identification number. Any existing account that is updated to reflect a non-U.S. address will also be restricted from making additional investments. Non-U.S. institutional clients may invest in a fund, provided that the client is acting for its own account and is not a financial institution (e.g., a broker-dealer purchasing shares on behalf of its customers), and has provided Putnam with documentation (i) that is appropriate to the type of entity seeking to establish the account and (ii) sufficient to enable Putnam Investor Services to determine that the investment would not violate any applicable securities laws or regulations, including non-U.S. laws and regulations.

In addition, Class M shares of Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Europe Equity Fund, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund, Putnam Income Fund, and Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust are available for public offering in Japan through certain Japanese registered broker-dealers with whom Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership has an agreement.

In addition, the fund does not accept new accounts or additional investments (including by way of exchange from another fund) into existing accounts by entities that Putnam Investor Services has reason to believe are involved in the sale or distribution of marijuana, even if such sale or distribution is licensed by a state.

General Information

The fund is currently making a continuous offering of its shares. The fund receives the entire net asset value of shares sold. The fund will accept unconditional orders for shares to be executed at the public offering price based on the net asset value per share next determined after the order is placed. In the case of class A shares and class M shares, the public offering price is the net asset value plus the applicable sales charge, if any. (The public offering price is thus calculable by dividing the net asset value by 100% minus the sales charge, expressed as a percentage.) No sales charge is included in the public offering price of other classes of shares. In the case of orders for purchase of shares placed through dealers, the public offering price will be based on the net asset value determined on the day the order is placed, but only if the dealer or a registered transfer agent or registered clearing agent receives the order, together with all required identifying information, before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). If the dealer or registered transfer agent or registered clearing agent receives the order after the close of the NYSE, the price will be based on the net asset value next determined. If funds for the purchase of shares are sent directly to Putnam Investor Services, they will be invested at the public offering price based on the net asset value next determined after all required identifying

August 31, 2015  II-1 

 



information has been collected. Payment for shares of the fund must be in U.S. dollars; if made by check, the check must be drawn on a U.S. bank.

Initial purchases are subject to the minimums stated in the prospectus, except that (i) individual investments under certain employer-sponsored retirement plans or Tax Qualified Retirement Plans may be lower, and (ii) the minimum investment is waived for investors participating in systematic investment plans or military allotment plans. Information about these plans is available from investment dealers or Putnam Investor Services. Currently Putnam is waiving the minimum for all initial purchases, but reserves the right to reject initial purchases under the minimum in the future, except as noted in the first sentence of this paragraph.

Systematic investment plan. As a convenience to investors, shares may be purchased through a systematic investment plan. Pre-authorized monthly, semi-monthly, or weekly bank drafts for a fixed amount ($200,000 or less) are used to purchase fund shares at the applicable public offering price next determined after Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership (“Putnam Retail Management”) receives the proceeds from the draft. A shareholder may choose any date or dates in the month for these drafts, but if the date falls on a weekend or holiday, the draft will be processed on the next business day. Further information and application forms are available from the investment dealers or from Putnam Retail Management.

Reinvestment of distributions. Distributions to be reinvested are reinvested without a sales charge in shares of any Putnam fund the shareholder is eligible to invest in under the shareholder's account as of the ex-dividend date using the net asset value determined on that date, and are credited to a shareholder's account on the payment date. Dividends for Putnam money market funds are credited to a shareholder's account on the payment date. Distributions for all other funds that declare a distribution daily are reinvested without a sales charge as of the last day of the period for which distributions are paid using the net asset value determined on that date, and are credited to a shareholder's account on the payment date.

Purchasing shares with securities (“in-kind” purchases). In addition to cash, the fund will consider accepting securities as payment for fund shares at the applicable net asset value. Generally, the fund will only consider accepting securities to increase its holdings in a portfolio security, or if Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”) determines that the offered securities are a suitable investment for the fund and in a sufficient amount for efficient management.

While no minimum has been established, it is expected that the fund would not accept securities with a value of less than $100,000 per issue as payment for shares. The fund may reject in whole or in part any or all offers to pay for purchases of fund shares with securities, may require partial payment in cash for such purchases to provide funds for applicable sales charges, and may discontinue accepting securities as payment for fund shares at any time without notice. The fund will value accepted securities in the manner described in the section "Determination of Net Asset Value" for valuing shares of the fund. The fund will only accept securities that are delivered in proper form. The fund will not accept certain securities, for example, options or restricted securities, as payment for shares. The acceptance of securities by certain funds in exchange for fund shares is subject to additional requirements. For federal income tax purposes, a purchase of fund shares with securities will be treated as a sale or exchange of such securities on which the investor will generally realize a taxable gain or loss. The processing of a purchase of fund shares with securities involves certain delays while the fund considers the suitability of such securities and while other requirements are satisfied. For information regarding procedures for payment in securities, contact Putnam Retail Management. Investors should not send securities to the fund except when authorized to do so and in accordance with specific instructions received from Putnam Retail Management.

August 31, 2015  II-2 

 



Sales Charges and Other Share Class Features—Retail Investors

This section describes certain key features of share classes offered to retail investors and retirement plans that do not purchase shares at net asset value. Much of this information addresses the sales charges, including initial sales charges and contingent deferred sales charges (“CDSCs”) imposed on the different share classes and various commission payments made by Putnam to dealers and other financial intermediaries facilitating shareholders’ investments. This information supplements the descriptions of these share classes and payments included in the prospectus.

Initial sales charges, dealer commissions and CDSCs on shares sold outside the United States may differ from those applied to U.S. sales.

Initial sales charges for class A and class M shares. The public offering price of class A and class M shares is the net asset value plus a sales charge that varies depending on the size of your purchase (calculable as described above). The fund receives the net asset value. The tables below indicate the sales charges applicable to purchases of class A and class M shares of the funds by style category. The variations in sales charges reflect the varying efforts required to sell shares to different categories of purchasers.

The sales charge is allocated between your investment dealer and Putnam Retail Management as shown in the tables below, except when Putnam Retail Management, in its discretion, allocates the entire amount to your investment dealer.

The underwriter's commission, or dealer reallowance, is the sales charge shown in the prospectus less any applicable dealer discount. Putnam Retail Management will give dealers ten days' notice of any changes in the dealer discount. Putnam Retail Management retains the entire sales charge on any retail sales made by it.

For purchases of class A shares by retail investors that qualify for the highest sales charge breakpoint described in the prospectus, Putnam Retail Management pays commissions on sales during the one-year period beginning with the date of the initial purchase qualifying for that breakpoint. Each subsequent one-year measuring period for these purposes begins with the first qualifying purchase following the end of the prior period. These commissions are paid at the rate of 1.00% of the amount of qualifying purchases up to $4 million, 0.50% of the next $46 million of qualifying purchases and 0.25% of qualifying purchases thereafter.

For Growth Funds, Blend Funds, Value Funds, Asset Allocation Funds (excluding funds in the Retirement Income Lifestyle suite), Global Sector Funds and RetirementReady® Funds only:

  CLASS A  CLASS M 
    Amount of sales    Amount of sales 
    charge    charge 
    reallowed to    reallowed to 
  Sales charge as  dealers as a  Sales charge as  dealers as a 
Amount of transaction at  a percentage of  percentage of  a percentage of  percentage of 
offering price ($)  offering price  offering price  offering price  offering price 
 
Under 50,000  5.75%  5.00%  3.50%  3.00% 
50,000 but under 100,000  4.50  3.75  2.50  2.00 
100,000 but under 250,000  3.50  2.75  1.50  1.00 
250,000 but under 500,000  2.50  2.00  1.00  1.00 
500,000 but under 1,000,000  2.00  1.75  1.00  1.00 
1,000,000 and above  NONE  NONE  N/A*  N/A* 

 

August 31, 2015  II-3 

 



For Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund and Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund only:   
 
  CLASS A  CLASS M 
    Amount of sales    Amount of sales 
    charge    charge 
    reallowed to    reallowed to 
  Sales charge as  dealers as a  Sales charge as  dealers as a 
Amount of transaction at  a percentage of  percentage of  a percentage of  percentage of 
offering price ($)  offering price  offering price  offering price  offering price 
 
Under 50,000  5.75%  5.00%  3.50%  3.00% 
50,000 but under 100,000  4.50  3.75  2.50  2.00 
100,000 but under 250,000  3.50  2.75  1.50  1.00 
250,000 but under 500,000  2.50  2.00  1.00  1.00 
500,000 and above  NONE  NONE  N/A**  N/A** 

 

For funds in the Retirement Income Lifestyle suite, taxable Income Funds and Tax-Exempt Funds (except for Money Market Funds, Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund, Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund, and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund):

  CLASS A  CLASS M 
    Amount of sales    Amount of sales 
    charge    charge 
    reallowed to    reallowed to 
  Sales charge as  dealers as a  Sales charge as  dealers as a 
Amount of transaction at  a percentage of  percentage of  a percentage of  percentage of 
offering price ($)  offering price  offering price  offering price  offering price 
 
Under 50,000  4.00%  3.50%  3.25%  3.00% 
50,000 but under 100,000  4.00  3.50  2.25  2.00 
100,000 but under 250,000  3.25  2.75  1.25  1.00 
250,000 but under 500,000  2.50  2.00  1.00  1.00 
500,000 and above  NONE  NONE  N/A**  N/A** 

 

For Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund, Putnam Short-Term Municipal 
Income Fund and Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund only:     
 
  CLASS A  CLASS M 
    Amount of sales    Amount of sales 
    charge    charge 
    reallowed to    reallowed to 
  Sales charge as  dealers as a  Sales charge as  dealers as a 
Amount of transaction at  a percentage of  percentage of  a percentage of  percentage of 
offering price ($)  offering price  offering price  offering price  offering price 
 
Under 500,000  1.00%  1.00%  0.75%  0.75% 
500,000 and above  NONE  NONE  N/A**  N/A** 

 

August 31, 2015  II-4 

 



*The funds will not accept purchase orders for class M shares (other than by employer-sponsored retirement plans) where the total of the current purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation (as described below) is $1 million or more.

**The funds will not accept purchase orders for class M shares (other than by employer-sponsored retirement plans) where the total of the current purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation (as described below) is $500,000 or more.

Purchases of class A and class T shares without an initial sales charge. Class A shares of any Putnam fund (other than Putnam Short Duration Income Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, and Putnam Money Market Fund) purchased by retail investors that are not subject to an initial sales charge (in accordance with the schedules stated above) are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% if redeemed before the first day of the month in which the nine-month anniversary of that purchase falls. Class A shares of Putnam Short Duration Income Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund and class A and class T shares of Putnam Money Market Fund purchased by retail investors by exchanging shares from another Putnam fund that were not subject to an initial sales charge (in accordance with the schedules stated above) are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% if redeemed before the first day of the month in which the nine-month anniversary of the original purchase falls.

The CDSC assessed on redemptions of fewer than all of an investor's class A shares (and, for Putnam Money Market Fund, class T shares) subject to a CDSC will be based on the amount of the redemption minus the amount of any appreciation on the investor's CDSC-subject shares since the purchase of such shares. The CDSC assessed on full redemptions of CDSC-subject shares will be based on the lower of the shares' cost and current NAV. Putnam Retail Management will retain any CDSC imposed on redemptions of such shares to compensate it for the up-front commissions paid to financial intermediaries for such share sales.

Purchases of class A shares for rollover IRAs. Purchases of class A shares for a Putnam Rollover IRA or a rollover IRA of a Putnam affiliate, from a retirement plan for which an affiliate of Putnam Management or a business partner of such affiliate is the administrator, including subsequent contributions, are not subject to an initial sales charge or CDSC. Putnam Retail Management may pay commissions or finders’ fees of up to 1.00% of the proceeds for such Putnam Rollover IRA purchases to the dealer of record or other third party.

Contingent sales charges for class M shares (rollover IRAs). Purchases of class M shares for a Putnam Rollover IRA with proceeds in any amount from a retirement plan for which an affiliate of Putnam Management or a business partner of such affiliate is the administrator are not subject to an initial sales charge but may be subject to a CDSC on shares redeemed within one year of purchase at the rates set forth below, which are equal to commissions Putnam Retail Management pays to the dealer of record at the time of the sale of class M shares.

August 31, 2015  II-5 

 



  Class M CDSC and dealer commission 
 
All Growth, Blend, Value, Global Sector and Asset   
Allocation Funds (excluding funds in the Retirement Income   
Lifestyle suite), Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund and  0.65% 
Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund:   
 
All taxable Income funds (except Putnam Floating Rate   
Income Fund and Putnam Money Market Fund) and funds in  0.40% 
the Retirement Income Lifestyle suite:   
 
Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return   
300 Fund and Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund:  0.30% 
 
Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Short Duration  0.15% 
Income Fund:   

 

Commission payments and CDSCs for class B and class C shares. Except in the case of Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund as noted below, Putnam Retail Management will pay a 4% commission on sales of class B shares of the fund only to those financial intermediaries who have entered into service agreements with Putnam Retail Management. For tax-exempt funds, this commission includes a 0.20% pre-paid service fee (except for Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund and Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund, each of which has a 0.25% pre-paid service fee). For Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund and Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund, Putnam Retail Management will pay a 1.00% commission to financial intermediaries selling class B shares of the fund.

Except in the case of Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund, Putnam Retail Management pays financial intermediaries a 1.00% commission on sales of class C shares of a fund.

Putnam Retail Management will retain any CDSC imposed on redemptions of class B and class C shares to compensate it for the cost of paying the up-front commissions paid to financial intermediaries for class B or class C share sales.

Conversion of class B shares into class A shares. Class B shares will automatically convert to class A shares on or around the end of the month eight years after the purchase date (for Putnam Small Cap Value Fund, on or around the end of the month six years after the purchase date, and for Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund, on or around the end of the month five years after the purchase date). Class B shares acquired by exchanging class B shares of another Putnam fund will convert to class A shares based on the time of the initial purchase. The conversion period of the acquired fund will apply, unless the initial fund’s CDSC schedule is higher than that of the acquired fund. In that case, the conversion period and CDSC schedule of the initial fund will apply. Class B shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will convert to class A shares based on the date of the initial purchase to which such shares relate. For this purpose, class B shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will be attributed to particular purchases of class B shares in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees may determine from time to time. The conversion of class B shares to class A shares is subject to the condition that such conversions will not constitute taxable events for Federal tax purposes. Shareholders should consult with their tax advisers regarding the state and local tax consequences of the conversion of class B shares to class A shares, or any other exchange or conversion of shares. Average annual total return performance information for class B shares shown in the fund's prospectus assumes conversion to class A shares after the applicable period described in the fund’s prospectus.

August 31, 2015  II-6 

 



Sales without sales charges or contingent deferred sales charges

The fund may sell shares without a sales charge or CDSC to the following categories of investors:

(i) current and former Trustees of the fund, their family members, business and personal associates; current and former employees of Putnam Management and certain current and former corporate affiliates, their family members, business and personal associates; employer-sponsored retirement plans for the foregoing; and partnerships, trusts or other entities in which any of the foregoing has a substantial interest;

(ii) clients of administrators or other service providers of employer-sponsored retirement plans which have entered into agreements with Putnam Retail Management (not applicable to tax-exempt funds);

(iii) registered representatives and other employees of broker-dealers having sales agreements with Putnam Retail Management; employees of financial institutions having sales agreements with Putnam Retail Management or otherwise having an arrangement with any such broker-dealer or financial institution with respect to sales of fund shares; and their immediate family members (spouses and children under age 21, including step-children and adopted children);

(iv) a trust department of any financial institution purchasing shares of the fund in its capacity as trustee of any trust (other than a tax-qualified retirement plan trust), through an arrangement approved by Putnam Retail Management, if the value of the shares of the fund and other Putnam funds purchased or held by all such trusts exceeds $1 million in the aggregate;

(v) clients of (i) broker-dealers, financial institutions, financial intermediaries or registered investment advisors that are approved by Putnam Retail Management and charge a fee for advisory or investment services or (ii) broker-dealers, financial institutions, or financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with Putnam Retail Management to offer shares through a fund “supermarket” or retail self directed brokerage account with or without the imposition of a transaction fee; and

(vi) college savings plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

(vii) Shareholders reinvesting the proceeds from a Putnam Corporate IRA Plan distribution into a non-retirement plan account.

In the case of paragraph (i) and (vii) above, the availability of shares at NAV has been determined to be appropriate because involvement by Putnam Retail Management and other brokers in purchases by these investors is typically minimal.

In addition to the categories enumerated above, in connection with settlements reached between certain firms and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and/or Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding sales of class B and class C shares in excess of certain dollar thresholds, the fund will permit shareholders who are clients of these firms (and applicable affiliates of such firms) to redeem class B and class C shares of the fund and concurrently purchase class A shares (in an amount to be determined by the dealer of record and Putnam Retail Management in accordance with the terms of the applicable settlement) without paying a sales charge.

The fund may issue its shares at net asset value without an initial sales charge or a CDSC in connection with the acquisition of substantially all of the securities owned by other investment companies or personal holding companies. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions to pay premiums for insurance under Putnam’s insured investor program.

August 31, 2015  II-7 

 



Application of CDSC to Systematic Withdrawal Plans (“SWP”). Investors who set up a SWP for a share account (see "INVESTOR SERVICES — Plans Available to Shareholders -- Systematic Withdrawal Plan") may withdraw through the SWP up to 12% of the net asset value of the account (calculated as set forth below) each year without incurring any CDSC. Shares not subject to a CDSC (such as shares representing reinvestment of distributions) will be redeemed first and will count toward the 12% limitation. If there are insufficient shares not subject to a CDSC, shares subject to the lowest CDSC liability will be redeemed next until the 12% limit is reached. The 12% figure is calculated on a pro rata basis at the time of the first payment made pursuant to an SWP and recalculated thereafter on a pro rata basis at the time of each SWP payment. Therefore, shareholders who have chosen an SWP based on a percentage of the net asset value of their account of up to 12% will be able to receive SWP payments without incurring a CDSC. However, shareholders who have chosen a specific dollar amount (for example, $100 per month from the fund that pays income distributions monthly) for their periodic SWP payment should be aware that the amount of that payment not subject to a CDSC may vary over time depending on the net asset value of their account. For example, if the net asset value of the account is $10,000 at the time of payment, the shareholder will receive $100 free of the CDSC (12% of $10,000 divided by 12 monthly payments). However, if at the time of the next payment the net asset value of the account has fallen to $9,400, the shareholder will receive $94 free of any CDSC (12% of $9,400 divided by 12 monthly payments) and $6 subject to the lowest applicable CDSC. This SWP privilege may be revised or terminated at any time.

Other exceptions to application of CDSC. No CDSC is imposed on the redemption of shares of any class subject to a CDSC to the extent that the shares redeemed (i) are no longer subject to the holding period therefor, (ii) resulted from reinvestment of distributions, or (iii) were exchanged for shares of another Putnam fund, provided that the shares acquired in such exchange or subsequent exchanges (including shares of a Putnam money market fund or Putnam Short Duration Income Fund) will continue to remain subject to the CDSC, if applicable, until the applicable holding period expires. In determining whether the CDSC applies to each redemption, shares not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first.

The fund will waive any CDSC on redemptions, in the case of individual, joint or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act accounts, in the event of death or post-purchase disability of a shareholder, for the purpose of paying benefits pursuant to tax-qualified retirement plans ("Benefit Payments"), or, in the case of living trust accounts, in the event of the death or post-purchase disability of the settlor of the trust. Benefit Payments currently include, without limitation, (1) distributions from an IRA due to death or post-purchase disability, (2) a return of excess contributions to an IRA or 401(k) plan, and (3) distributions from retirement plans qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code or from a 403(b) plan due to death, disability, retirement or separation from service. These waivers may be changed at any time.

Ways to Reduce Initial Sales Charges—Class A and Class M Shares

There are several ways in which an investor may obtain reduced sales charges on purchases of class A shares and class M shares. The variations in sales charges reflect the varying efforts required to sell shares to separate categories of purchasers. These provisions may be altered or discontinued at any time.

Right of accumulation. A purchaser of class A shares or class M shares may qualify for a right of accumulation discount by combining all current purchases by such person with the value of certain other shares of any class of Putnam funds already owned. The applicable sales charge is based on the total of:

(i) the investor's current purchase(s); and

(ii) the higher of (x) the maximum public offering price (at the close of business on the previous day) or (y) the initial value of total purchases (less the value of shares redeemed on the applicable redemption date) of:

August 31, 2015  II-8 

 



(a) all shares held in accounts registered to the investor and other accounts eligible to be linked to the investor’s accounts (as described below) in all of the Putnam funds (except closed-end and money market funds and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund, unless acquired as described in (b) below); and

(b) any shares of money market funds or Putnam Short Duration Income Fund acquired by exchange from other Putnam funds.

For shares held on December 31, 2007, the initial value will be the value of those shares at the maximum public offering price on that date.

The following persons may qualify for a right of accumulation discount:

(i) an individual, or a "company" as defined in Section 2(a)(8) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) (which includes corporations which are corporate affiliates of each other);

(ii) an individual, his or her spouse and their children under age 21, purchasing for his, her or their own account;

(iii) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing for a single trust estate or single fiduciary account (including a pension, profit-sharing, or other employee benefit trust created pursuant to a plan qualified under Section 401 of the Code and Simplified Employer Pension Plans (SEPs) created pursuant to Section 408(k) of the Code);

(iv) tax-exempt organizations qualifying under Section 501(c)(3) of the Code, (not including tax-exempt organizations qualifying under Section 403(b)(7) (a "403(b) plan") of the Code; and

(v) employer-sponsored retirement plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers, other than 403(b) plans.

A combined purchase currently may also include shares of any class of other continuously offered Putnam funds (other than money market funds and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund) purchased at the same time, if the dealer places the order for such shares directly with Putnam Retail Management.

For individual investors, Putnam Investor Services automatically links accounts the registrations of which are under the same last name and address. Account types eligible to be linked for the purpose of qualifying for a right of accumulation discount include the following (in each case as registered to the investor, his or her spouse and his or her children under the age of 21):

(i) individual accounts;

(ii) joint accounts;

(iii) accounts established as part of a plan established pursuant to Section 403(b) of the Code (“403(b) plans”) or an IRA other than a SIMPLE IRA, SARSEP or SEP IRA;

(iv) shares owned through accounts in the name of the investor’s (or spouse’s or minor child’s) dealer or other financial intermediary (with documentation identifying to the satisfaction of Putnam Investor Services the beneficial ownership of such shares); and

(v) accounts established as part of a Section 529 college savings plan managed by Putnam Management.

Shares owned by a plan participant as part of an employer-sponsored retirement plan of a single employer or of affiliated employers (other than 403(b) plans) or a single fiduciary account opened by a trustee or other fiduciary

August 31, 2015  II-9 

 



(including a pension, profit-sharing, or other employee benefit trust created pursuant to a plan qualified under Section 401 of the Code) are not eligible for linking to other accounts attributable to such person to qualify for the right of accumulation discount, although all current purchases made by each such plan may be combined with existing aggregate balances of such plan in Putnam funds for purposes of determining the sales charge applicable to shares purchased at such time by the plan.

To obtain the right of accumulation discount on a purchase through an investment dealer, when each purchase is made the investor or dealer must provide Putnam Retail Management with sufficient information to verify that the purchase qualifies for the privilege or discount. The shareholder must furnish this information to Putnam Investor Services when making direct cash investments. Sales charge discounts under a right of accumulation apply only to current purchases. No credit for right of accumulation purposes is given for any higher sales charge paid with respect to previous purchases for the investor’s account or any linked accounts.

Statement of Intention. Investors may also obtain the reduced sales charges for class A shares or class M shares shown in the prospectus for investments of a particular amount by means of a written Statement of Intention (also referred to as a Letter of Intention), which expresses the investor's intention to invest that amount (including certain "credits," as described below) within a period of 13 months in shares of any class of the fund or any other continuously offered Putnam fund (excluding Putnam money market funds and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund), including through an account established as part of a Section 529 college savings plan managed by Putnam Management. Each purchase of class A shares or class M shares under a Statement of Intention will be made at the lesser of (i) the public offering price applicable at the time of such purchase and (ii) the public offering price applicable on the date the Statement of Intention is executed to a single transaction of the total dollar amount indicated in the Statement of Intention.

An investor may receive a credit toward the amount indicated in the Statement of Intention equal to the maximum public offering price as of the close of business on the previous day of all shares he or she owns, or which are eligible to be linked for purposes of the right of accumulation described above, on the date of the Statement of Intention which are eligible for purchase under a Statement of Intention (plus any shares of money market funds and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund acquired by exchange of such eligible shares). Investors do not receive credit for shares purchased by the reinvestment of distributions. Investors qualifying for the "combined purchase privilege" (see above) may purchase shares under a single Statement of Intention.

The Statement of Intention is not a binding obligation upon the investor to purchase the full amount indicated. The minimum initial investment under a Statement of Intention is 5% of such amount, and must be invested immediately. Class A shares or class M shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be held in escrow to secure payment of the higher sales charge applicable to the shares actually purchased if the full amount indicated is not purchased. When the full amount indicated has been purchased, the escrow will be released. If an investor desires to redeem escrowed shares before the full amount has been purchased, the shares will be released from escrow only if the investor pays the sales charge that, without regard to the Statement of Intention, would apply to the total investment made to date.

If an investor purchases more than the dollar amount indicated on the Statement of Intention and qualifies for a further reduced sales charge, the sales charge will be adjusted for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period, upon recovery by Putnam Retail Management from the investor's dealer of its portion of the sales charge adjustment. Once received from the dealer, which may take a period of time or may never occur, the sales charge adjustment will be used to purchase additional shares at the then current offering price applicable to the actual amount of the aggregate purchases. These additional shares will not be considered as part of the total investment for the purpose of determining the applicable sales charge pursuant to the Statement of Intention. No sales charge adjustment will be made unless and until the investor's dealer returns to Putnam Retail Management any excess commissions previously received.

August 31, 2015  II-10 

 



If an investor purchases less than the dollar amount indicated on the Statement of Intention within the 13-month period, the sales charge will be adjusted upward for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period. This adjustment will be made by redeeming shares from the account to cover the additional sales charge, the proceeds of which will be paid to the investor's dealer and Putnam Retail Management. Putnam Retail Management will make a corresponding downward adjustment to the amount of the reallowance payable to the dealer with respect to purchases made prior to the investor’s failure to fulfill the conditions of the Statement of Intention. If the account exceeds an amount that would otherwise qualify for a reduced sales charge, that reduced sales charge will be applied. Adjustments to sales charges and dealer reallowances will not be made in the case of the shareholder’s death prior to the expiration of the 13-month period.

Statements of Intention are not available for certain employer-sponsored retirement plans.

Statement of Intention forms may be obtained from Putnam Retail Management or from investment dealers. In addition, shareholders may complete the applicable portion of the fund’s standard account application. Interested investors should read the Statement of Intention carefully.

Commissions on Sales to Employee Retirement Plans

Purchases of class A and class R shares. On sales of class A shares at net asset value to certain employer-sponsored retirement plans and health reimbursement accounts and sales of class R shares, Putnam Retail Management may, at its discretion, pay commissions to the dealer of record on net monthly purchases up to the following rates: 1.00% of the first $1 million, 0.75% of the next $1 million and 0.50% thereafter.

For commission payments made by Putnam Retail Management to dealers and other financial intermediaries with respect to other classes of shares offered to employer-sponsored retirement plans and other tax-favored plan investors, see the corresponding sub-heading under “—Sales Charges and Other Share Class Features—Retail Investors.”

DISTRIBUTION PLANS

If the fund or a class of shares of the fund has adopted a distribution (12b-1) plan, the prospectus describes the principal features of the plan. This SAI contains additional information which may be of interest to investors.

Continuance of a plan is subject to annual approval by a vote of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the fund and who have no direct or indirect interest in the plan or related arrangements (the "Qualified Trustees"), cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. All material amendments to a plan must be likewise approved by the Trustees and the Qualified Trustees. No plan may be amended in order to increase materially the costs which the fund may bear for distribution pursuant to such plan without also being approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund or the relevant class of the fund, as the case may be. A plan terminates automatically in the event of its assignment and may be terminated without penalty, at any time, by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund or the relevant class of the fund, as the case may be.

August 31, 2015  II-11 

 



The fund makes payments under each plan to Putnam Retail Management to compensate Putnam Retail Management for services provided and expenses incurred by it for purposes of promoting the sale of the relevant class of shares, reducing redemptions of shares or maintaining or improving services provided to shareholders by Putnam Retail Management and investment dealers.

Putnam Retail Management compensates qualifying dealers (including, for this purpose, certain financial institutions) for sales of shares and the maintenance of shareholder accounts.

Putnam Retail Management may suspend or modify its payments to dealers. The payments are also subject to the continuation of the relevant distribution plan, the terms of the service agreements between the dealers and Putnam Retail Management and any applicable limits imposed by FINRA. Unless noted below or where Putnam Retail Management and the applicable dealer have agreed otherwise, these payments commence in the first year after purchase.

Financial institutions receiving payments from Putnam Retail Management as described above may be required to comply with various state and federal regulatory requirements, including among others those regulating the activities of securities brokers or dealers.

Except as otherwise agreed between Putnam Retail Management and a dealer, for purposes of determining the amounts payable to dealers for shareholder accounts for which such dealers are designated as the dealer of record, "average net asset value" means the product of (i) the average daily share balance in such account(s) and (ii) the average daily net asset value of the relevant class of shares over the quarter.

Class A shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at up to the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class A shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record) except as described below. No payments are made during the first year after purchase on shares purchased at net asset value by shareholders that invest at least $1 million, or, in the case of dealers of record for an employer-sponsored retirement plan investing at least $1 million, where such dealer has agreed to a reduced sales commission.

Rate*  Fund 

0.25%  All funds currently making payments under a class A 
  distribution plan, except for those listed below 

0.20% for shares purchased before 3/21/05;  Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 3/21/05**   

0.20% for shares purchased before 4/1/05;  Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05   

 

August 31, 2015  II-12 

 



Rate*  Fund 

0.20% for shares purchased on or before 12/31/89;  Putnam Convertible Securities Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased after 12/31/89  George Putnam Balanced Fund 
  Putnam Global Equity Fund 
  Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund 
  Putnam Global Health Care Fund 
  The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income 
  Putnam Investors Fund 
  Putnam Voyager Fund 

0.20% for shares purchased on or before 3/31/90;  Putnam High Yield Trust 
0.25% for shares purchased after 3/31/90  Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust 

0.20% for shares purchased on or before 1/1/90;  Putnam Equity Income Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased after 1/1/90   

0.20% for shares purchased on or before 3/31/91;  Putnam Income Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased after 3/31/91;   

0.10%  Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 

0.15% for shares purchased on or before 3/6/92;  Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.20% for shares purchased after 3/6/92 but before  Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund 
4/1/05;  Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05   

0.15% for shares purchased on or before 5/11/92;  Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.20% for shares purchased after 5/11/92 but before   
4/1/05;   
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05   

0.15% for shares purchased on or before 12/31/92;  Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.20% for shares purchased after 12/31/92 but  Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund 
before 4/1/05;  Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05  Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund 

0.15% for shares purchased on or before 3/5/93;  Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.20% for shares purchased after 3/5/93 but before   
4/1/05;   
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05   

0.15% for shares purchased on or before 7/8/93;  Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.20% for shares purchased after 7/8/93 but before   
4/1/05;   
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05   

0.00%  Putnam Money Market Fund 
  Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund 


*For purposes of this table, shares are deemed to be purchased on date of settlement (
i.e., once purchased and paid for). Shares issued in connection with dividend reinvestments are considered to be purchased on the date of their issuance, not the issuance of the original shares.

 

August 31, 2015  II-13 

 



**Shares of Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund issued in connection with the merger of Putnam Municipal Income Fund into that fund pay a commission at the annual rate of 0.20% or 0.25%, based on the date of the original purchase of the shareholder’s corresponding shares of Putnam Municipal Income Fund, as set forth below: 0.20% for shares purchased on or before 5/7/92; 0.25% for shares purchased after 5/7/92.

Class B shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class B shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record).

Rate  Fund 

0.25%  All funds currently making payments under a class B 
  distribution plan, except for those listed below 

0.25%, except that the first year's service fees of  Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund 
0.25% are prepaid at time of sale  Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund 

0.20%, except that the first year’s service fees of  Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund 
0.20% are prepaid at time of sale  Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund 
  Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund 

0.00%  Putnam Money Market Fund 
  Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 

 

Class C shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class C shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record). No payments are made during the first year after purchase unless the shares were initially purchased without a CDSC, except that payments for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund will be made beginning in the first year.

Rate  Fund 

1.00%  All funds currently making payments under a class C 
  distribution plan, except for those listed below 

0.50%  Putnam Money Market Fund 
  Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 

 

August 31, 2015  II-14 

 



Different rates may apply to shares sold outside the United States.

Class M shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class M shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record), except as follows. No payments are made during the first year after purchase on shares purchased at net asset value for Putnam Rollover IRAs.

Rate  Fund 

0.65%  All Growth, Blend, Value, Global Sector and Asset 
  Allocation Funds (excluding funds in the Retirement 
  Income Lifestyle suite) currently making payments 
  under a class M distribution plan, and Putnam 
  Absolute Return 500 Fund and Putnam Absolute 
  Return 700 Fund. 

0.40%  All Income funds currently making payments under a 
  class M distribution plan (except for Putnam Floating 
  Rate Income Fund, Putnam Money Market Fund, 
  Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund and 
  Putnam Short Duration Income Fund) and funds in the 
  Retirement Income Lifestyle suite. 

0.30%  Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund, Putnam Absolute 
  Return 300 Fund, Putnam Short-Term Municipal 
  Income Fund and Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund 

0.15%  Putnam Money Market Fund 
  Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 

 

Putnam Retail Management’s payments to dealers for plans investing in class M shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record may equal up to the annual rate of 0.75% of the average net asset value of such class M shares for Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund and Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund as well as all Growth, Blend, Value, Global Sector and Asset Allocation Funds currently making payments under a class M distribution plan and up to the annual rate of 0.50% of the average net asset value of such class M shares for all Income funds currently making payments under a class M distribution plan (except for Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund, Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund, Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund).

Different rates may apply to shares sold outside the United States.

Class R shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at up to the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class R shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record). No payments are made to dealers during the first year after purchase unless Putnam Retail Management did not pay a commission to the dealer at purchase.

August 31, 2015  II-15 

 



Rate  Fund 

0.50%  All funds currently making payments under a class R 
  distribution plan 

 

A portion of the class R distribution fee payable to dealers may be paid to third parties who provide services to plans investing in class R shares and participants in such plans.

Class T shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class T shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record).

Rate  Fund 

0.25%  Putnam Money Market Fund 

 

Additional Dealer Payments

As described earlier in this section, dealers may receive different commissions, sales charge reallowances and other payments with respect to sales of different classes of shares of the funds. These payments may include servicing payments to retirement plan administrators and other institutions up to the same levels as described above. For purposes of this section the term “dealer” includes any broker, dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan administrator and any other institution having a selling, services, or any similar agreement with Putnam Retail Management or one of its affiliates.

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates pay additional compensation to selected dealers under the categories described below. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and a single dealer may receive payments under all categories. These payments may create an incentive for a dealer firm or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the fund or other Putnam funds to its customers. These additional payments are made pursuant to agreements with dealers and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a share or the amount a fund will receive as proceeds from such sales or the distribution (12b-1) fees and the expenses paid by the fund as shown under the heading “Fees and Expenses” in the prospectus.

Marketing Support Payments. Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates make payments to certain dealers for marketing support services. These payments are individually negotiated with each dealer firm, taking into account the marketing support services provided by the dealer, including business planning assistance, educating dealer personnel about the Putnam funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer’s preferred or recommended fund company list, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer, as well as the size of the dealer’s relationship with Putnam Retail Management. Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates compensate dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, the level and/or type of marketing support provided by the dealer. Payments are generally based on one or more of the following factors: average net assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer, gross or net sales of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a dealer firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment for services rendered. In addition, payments typically apply to retail sales and assets, but may not, in certain situations, apply to other specific types of sales or assets, such as to retirement plans or fee-based advisory programs.

August 31, 2015  II-16 

 



Although the total of marketing support payments made to dealers in any year may vary, on average, the aggregate payments are not expected, on an annual basis, to exceed 0.085% of the average assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to the dealers.

The following dealers (and such dealers’ respective affiliates) received marketing support payments from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates during the calendar year ended December 31, 2014:

American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.  MetLife Securities, Inc. 

Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.  Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC 

AXA Advisors, LLC  National Planning Corporation 

BancWest Investment Services, Inc.  M&T Securities, Inc. 

Cadaret, Grant & Co. Inc.  Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. 

CCO Investment Services Corp.  New England Securities Corporation 

Cambridge Investment Research, Inc.  NFP Securities, Inc. 

Cetera Advisors, LLC  Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC 

Cetera Advisors Networks, LLC  Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. 

Cetera Financial Specialists, LLC  PNC Investments LLC 

Cetera Investment Services, LLC  Raymond James & Associates, Inc. 

Commonwealth Equity Services  Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. 

CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc.  RBC Capital Markets, LLC 

CUSO Financial Services, L.P.  Royal Alliance Associates 

First Allied Securities, Inc.  Sagepoint Financial, Inc. 

FSC Securities Corporation  Santander Securities, LLC 

HD Vest Investment Securities, Inc.  Securities America, Inc. 

Independent Financial Group, LLC  SII Investments 

Investacorp, Inc.  Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated 

INVEST Financial Corporation  SunTrust Bank, Inc. 

Investment Centers of America, Inc.  SunTrust Investment Services, Inc. 

Janney Montgomery Scott LLC  TD Ameritrade, Inc. 

J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC  TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc. 

Legend Equities Corporation  Triad Advisors, Inc. 

Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp.  U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc. 

Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation  UBS Financial Services Inc. 

Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc.  Voya Financial Advisors, Inc. 

LPL Financial LLC  Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC 

MMC Securities Corp.  Woodbury Financial Services, Inc. 

 

Additional dealers may receive marketing support payments in 2015 and in future years. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the list of dealers identified above that have occurred since December 31, 2014 are not reflected. You can ask your dealer about any payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates.

Program Servicing Payments. Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates also make payments to certain dealers that sell Putnam fund shares through retirement plans, dealer platforms, and other investment programs to compensate dealers for a variety of services they provide. A dealer may perform program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform program services. In addition to participant or shareholder recordkeeping, reporting, or transaction processing, program services may include services rendered in

August 31, 2015  II-17 

 



connection with dealer platform development and maintenance and services rendered in connection with retirement plans, such as fund/investment selection and monitoring, employee enrollment and education, plan balance rollover or separation, or other similar services. Payments by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates for program servicing support to any one dealer are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.20% of the total assets in the program on an annual basis. In addition, Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates make one-time or annual payments to selected dealers receiving program servicing payments in reimbursement of printing costs for literature for participants or shareholders, account maintenance fees or fees for establishment of Putnam funds on the dealer’s system. The amounts of these payments may, but will not normally (except in cases where the aggregate assets in the program are small), cause the aggregate amount of the program servicing payments to such dealer on an annual basis to exceed the amounts set forth above.

The following dealers (and such dealers’ respective affiliates) received program servicing payments from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates during the calendar year ended December 31, 2014:

ADP Broker-Dealer, Inc.  MSCS Financial Services, LLC 

Ascensus, Inc.  National Financial Services LLC 

Benefit Plans Administrators  Nationwide Investment Services Corporation 

Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.  Nationwide Life Insurance Company 

Charles Schwab Bank  Newport Retirement Services, Inc. 

City National Bank  NYLIFE Distributors LLC 

Correll Co.  Paychex Securities Corporation 

CPI Qualified Plan Consultants, Inc.  Pershing LLC 

DailyAccess Corporation  Plan Administrators, Inc. 

Digital Retirement Solutions  Principal Life Insurance Co. 

Dyatech, LLC  Raymond James & Associates, Inc. 

ExpertPlan, Inc.  Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. 

Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc.  Reliance Trust Company 

Genworth Life and Annuity Insurance Co.  Standard Retirement Services, Inc. 

Genworth Life Insurance Co of New York  Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 

Great-West Financial Retirement Plan Services, LLC  TD Ameritrade Trust Company 

Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company  The Prudential Insurance Company of America 

Hartford Life Insurance Company  The Vanguard Group Inc. 

Hartford Securities Distribution Company, Inc.  Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance Company 

July Business Services  Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance Company of New York 

Lincoln Retirement Services Company, LLC  Trust Company of America 

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co.  VALIC Retirement Services Company 

Mercer HR Services LLC  Voya Institutional Plan Services, LLC 

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.  Voya Retirement Insurance & Annuity Company 

MidAtlantic Capital Corporation  Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 

Milliman, Inc.  Wilmington Trust Retirement & Institutional Services Co. 

Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC   

 

Additional dealers may receive program servicing payments in 2015 and in future years. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the list of dealers identified above that have occurred since December 31, 2014 are not reflected. You can ask your dealer about any payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates.

Other Payments. From time to time, Putnam Retail Management, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to dealers which sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the fund to the extent not prohibited by laws or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Such compensation provided by Putnam Retail Management may include financial assistance to dealers that enables Putnam Retail Management to participate in and/or present at dealer-sponsored conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered

August 31, 2015  II-18 

 



representatives and other dealer employees, dealer entertainment, and other dealer-sponsored events, and travel expenses, including lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with prospecting, retention and due diligence trips. Putnam Retail Management makes payments for entertainment events it deems appropriate, subject to Putnam Retail Management’s internal guidelines and applicable law. These payments may vary upon the nature of the event.

Certain dealers also receive payments from Putnam Investor Services or its affiliates in recognition of sub-accounting or other services they provide to shareholders or plan participants who invest in the fund or other Putnam funds through their retirement plan. The amount paid for these services varies depending on the share class selected and by dealer, and may also take into account the extent to which the services provided by the dealer replace services that Putnam Investor Services or its affiliates would otherwise have to provide. There are no such payments in respect of class R6 shares, and payments in respect of class R5 shares are generally made at an annual rate of up to 0.10% of a fund’s average net assets attributable to class R5 shares held by a dealer, except that an annual rate of up to 0.07% of a fund’s average net assets attributable to class R5 shares held by a dealer applies to Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund, Putnam American Government Income Fund, Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Conservative Fund, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam Income Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund. See the discussion under the heading “MANAGEMENT – Investor Servicing Agent” for more details.

You can ask your dealer for information about payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management or its affiliates and the services it provides for those payments.

In addition to payments to dealers described above, Putnam Investor Services or Putnam Retail Management may, at the direction of a retirement plan’s sponsor, reimburse or pay direct expenses of the plan that would otherwise be payable by the plan. Putnam Investor Services also, at its expense, may make payments to financial intermediaries for introducing to Putnam Investor Services, and/or assisting Putnam Investor Services in the provision of services to, certain retirement plans administered by Putnam Investor Services. Such payments to any one financial intermediary are not expected to exceed an annual rate of 0.05% of a plan’s average net assets.

MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISKS

As noted in the prospectus, in addition to the main investment strategies and the principal risks described in the prospectus, the fund may employ other investment practices and may be subject to other risks, which are described below. Because the following is a combined description of investment strategies of all of the Putnam funds, certain matters described herein may not apply to your fund. Unless a strategy or policy described below is specifically prohibited or limited by the investment restrictions discussed in the fund’s prospectus or in this SAI, or by applicable law, the fund may engage in each of the practices described below without limit. This section contains information on the investments and investment practices listed below. With respect to funds for which Putnam Investments Limited (“PIL”) and/or The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (“PAC”) serves as sub-investment manager (as described in the fund’s prospectus), references to Putnam Management in this section include PIL and/or PAC, as appropriate.

August 31, 2015  II-19 

 



Temporary Defensive Strategies  Money Market Instruments 

Bank Loans  Mortgage-backed and Asset-backed Securities 

Borrowing and Other Forms of Leverage  Options on Securities 

Derivatives  Preferred Stocks and Convertible Securities 

Exchange-Traded Notes  Private Placements and Restricted Securities 

Floating Rate and Variable Rate Demand Notes  Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) 

Foreign Currency Transactions  Redeemable Securities 

Foreign Investments and Related Risks  Repurchase Agreements 

Forward Commitments and Dollar Rolls  Securities Loans 

Futures Contracts and Related Options  Securities of Other Investment Companies 

Hybrid Instruments  Short Sales 

Inflation-Protected Securities  Short-Term Trading 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)  Special Purpose Acquisition Companies 

Interfund Borrowing and Lending  Structured Investments 

Inverse Floaters  Swap Agreements 

Investment Ratings  Tax-exempt Securities 

Legal and Regulatory Risk Relating to Investment Strategy  Warrants 

Lower-rated Securities  Zero-coupon and Payment-in-kind Bonds 

 

Temporary Defensive Strategies

In response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, Putnam Management may take temporary defensive positions that differ from the fund’s usual investment strategies. In implementing these temporary defensive strategies, the fund may invest primarily in, among other things, debt securities, preferred stocks, U.S. Government and agency obligations, cash or money market instruments (including, to the extent permitted by law or applicable exemptive relief, money market funds), or any other securities Putnam Management considers consistent with such defensive strategies. While temporary defensive strategies are mainly designed to limit losses, such strategies may not work as intended.

Bank Loans

The fund may invest in bank loans. By purchasing a loan, the fund acquires some or all of the interest of a bank or other lending institution in a loan to a particular borrower. The fund may act as part of a lending syndicate, and in such cases would be purchasing a “participation” in the loan. The fund may also purchase loans by assignment from another lender. Many loans are secured by the assets of the borrower, and most impose restrictive covenants which must be met by the borrower. These loans are typically made by a syndicate of banks, represented by an agent bank which has negotiated and structured the loan and which is responsible generally for collecting interest, principal, and other amounts from the borrower on its own behalf and on behalf of the other lending institutions in the syndicate, and for enforcing its and their other rights against the borrower. Each of the lending institutions, including the agent bank, lends to the borrower a portion of the total amount of the loan, and retains the corresponding interest in the loan.

The fund’s ability to receive payments of principal and interest and other amounts in connection with loan participations held by it will depend primarily on the financial condition of the borrower (and, in some cases, the lending institution from which it purchases the loan). The value of collateral, if any, securing a loan can decline, or may be insufficient to meet the borrower’s obligations or difficult to liquidate. In addition, the fund’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. The failure by the fund to receive scheduled interest or principal payments on a loan would adversely affect the income of the fund and would likely reduce the value of its assets, which would be reflected in a reduction in the fund's net asset value. Banks and other lending institutions generally perform a credit analysis of the borrower before originating a loan or participating

August 31, 2015  II-20 

 



in a lending syndicate. In selecting the loans in which the fund will invest, however, Putnam Management will not rely solely on that credit analysis, but will perform its own investment analysis of the borrowers. Putnam Management's analysis may include consideration of the borrower's financial strength and managerial experience, debt coverage, additional borrowing requirements or debt maturity schedules, changing financial conditions, and responsiveness to changes in business conditions and interest rates. Putnam Management will generally not have access to non-public information to which other investors in syndicated loans may have access. Because loans in which the fund may invest are not generally rated by independent credit rating agencies, a decision by the fund to invest in a particular loan will depend almost exclusively on Putnam Management's, and the original lending institution's, credit analysis of the borrower. Investments in loans may be of any quality, including “distressed” loans, and will be subject to the fund’s credit quality policy. The loans in which the fund may invest include those that pay fixed rates of interest and those that pay floating rates – i.e., rates that adjust periodically based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate.

Loans may be structured in different forms, including novations, assignments and participating interests. In a novation, the fund assumes all of the rights of a lending institution in a loan, including the right to receive payments of principal and interest and other amounts directly from the borrower and to enforce its rights as a lender directly against the borrower. The fund assumes the position of a co-lender with other syndicate members. As an alternative, the fund may purchase an assignment of a portion of a lender's interest in a loan. In this case, the fund may be required generally to rely upon the assigning bank to demand payment and enforce its rights against the borrower, but would otherwise be entitled to all of such bank's rights in the loan. The fund may also purchase a participating interest in a portion of the rights of a lending institution in a loan. In such case, it will be entitled to receive payments of principal, interest and premium, if any, but will not generally be entitled to enforce its rights directly against the agent bank or the borrower, and must rely for that purpose on the lending institution. The fund may also acquire a loan interest directly by acting as a member of the original lending syndicate.

The fund will in many cases be required to rely upon the lending institution from which it purchases the loan to collect and pass on to the fund such payments and to enforce the fund's rights under the loan. As a result, an insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the lending institution may delay or prevent the fund from receiving principal, interest and other amounts with respect to the underlying loan. When the fund is required to rely upon a lending institution to pay to the fund principal, interest and other amounts received by it, Putnam Management will also evaluate the creditworthiness of the lending institution.

The borrower of a loan in which the fund holds an interest may, either at its own election or pursuant to terms of the loan documentation, prepay amounts of the loan from time to time. There is no assurance that the fund will be able to reinvest the proceeds of any loan prepayment at the same interest rate or on the same terms as those of the original loan.

Corporate loans in which the fund may invest are generally made to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, leveraged buy-outs and other corporate activities. A significant portion of the corporate loans purchased by the fund may represent interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged corporate acquisitions, known as "leveraged buy-out" transactions, leveraged recapitalization loans and other types of acquisition financing. The highly leveraged capital structure of the borrowers in such transactions may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. In addition, loans generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to sell such participations in secondary markets. As a result, the fund may be unable to sell loans at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at a price that is less than their fair market value. The fund may hold investments in loans for a very short period of time when opportunities to resell the investments that Putnam Management believes are attractive arise.

Certain of the loans acquired by the fund may involve revolving credit facilities under which a borrower may from time to time borrow and repay amounts up to the maximum amount of the facility. In such cases, the fund

August 31, 2015  II-21 

 



would have an obligation to advance its portion of such additional borrowings upon the terms specified in the loan participation. To the extent that the fund is committed to make additional loans under such a participation, it will at all times set aside on its books liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments. Certain of the loan participations acquired by the fund may also involve loans made in foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) currencies. The fund's investment in such participations would involve the risks of currency fluctuations described in this SAI with respect to investments in the foreign securities.

With respect to its management of investments in bank loans, Putnam Management will normally seek to avoid receiving material, non-public information (“Confidential Information”) about the issuers of bank loans being considered for acquisition by the fund or held in the fund’s portfolio. In many instances, borrowers may offer to furnish Confidential Information to prospective investors, and to holders, of the issuer’s loans. Putnam Management’s decision not to receive Confidential Information may place Putnam Management at a disadvantage relative to other investors in loans (which could have an adverse effect on the price the fund pays or receives when buying or selling loans). Also, in instances where holders of loans are asked to grant amendments, waivers or consent, Putnam Management’s ability to assess their significance or desirability may be adversely affected. For these and other reasons, it is possible that Putnam Management’s decision not to receive Confidential Information under normal circumstances could adversely affect the fund’s investment performance.

Notwithstanding its intention generally not to receive material, non-public information with respect to its management of investments in loans, Putnam Management may from time to time come into possession of material, non-public information about the issuers of loans that may be held in the fund’s portfolio. Possession of such information may in some instances occur despite Putnam Management’s efforts to avoid such possession, but in other instances Putnam Management may choose to receive such information (for example, in connection with participation in a creditors’ committee with respect to a financially distressed issuer). As, and to the extent, required by applicable law, Putnam Management's ability to trade in these loans for the account of the fund could potentially be limited by its possession of such information. Such limitations on Putnam Management's ability to trade could have an adverse effect on the fund by, for example, preventing the fund from selling a loan that is experiencing a material decline in value. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.

In some instances, other accounts managed by Putnam Management or an affiliate may hold other securities issued by borrowers whose loans may be held in the fund’s portfolio. These other securities may include, for example, debt securities that are subordinate to the loans held in the fund’s portfolio, convertible debt or common or preferred equity securities. In certain circumstances, such as if the credit quality of the issuer deteriorates, the interests of holders of these other securities may conflict with the interests of the holders of the issuer’s loans. In such cases, Putnam Management may owe conflicting fiduciary duties to the fund and other client accounts. Putnam Management will endeavor to carry out its obligations to all of its clients to the fullest extent possible, recognizing that in some cases certain clients may achieve a lower economic return, as a result of these conflicting client interests, than if Putnam Management's client accounts collectively held only a single category of the issuer’s securities.

Borrowing and Other Forms of Leverage

The fund may borrow money to the extent permitted by its investment policies and restrictions and applicable law. When the fund borrows money or otherwise leverages its portfolio, the value of an investment in the fund will be more volatile and other investment risks will tend to be compounded. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the fund’s holdings. In addition to borrowing money from banks, the fund may engage in certain other investment transactions that may be viewed as forms of financial leverage – for example, using dollar rolls, investing collateral from loans of portfolio securities, entering into when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions or using derivatives such as swaps, futures, forwards, and options. Because the fund either (1) sets aside cash (or other assets

August 31, 2015  II-22 

 



determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees) on its books in respect of such transactions during the period in which the transactions are open or (2) otherwise “covers” its obligations under the transactions, such as by holding offsetting investments, the fund does not consider these transactions to be borrowings for purposes of its investment restrictions or “senior securities” for purposes of the 1940 Act. In some cases (e.g., with respect to futures and forwards that are contractually required to “cash-settle”), the fund is permitted under relevant guidance from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or SEC staff to set aside assets with respect to an investment transaction in the amount of its net (marked-to-market) obligations thereunder, rather than the full notional amount of the transaction. By setting aside assets equal only to its net obligations, the fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if it set aside assets equal to the notional amount of the transaction, which may increase the risk associated with such investments.

Each Putnam fund (other than Putnam RetirementReady® Funds, Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 1, Putnam Global Sector Fund, Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund and Putnam Short-Term Investment Fund) participates in committed and uncommitted lines of credit with State Street Bank and Trust Company. These lines of credit are intended to provide a temporary source of cash in extraordinary or emergency circumstances, such as unexpected shareholder redemption requests. The fund may pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit, in addition to the stated interest rate.

Derivatives

Certain of the instruments in which the fund may invest, such as futures contracts, options, hybrid instruments, forward contracts, swap agreements and structured investments, are considered to be "derivatives." Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value or other attributes of an underlying asset, such as a security or an index. Further information about these instruments and the risks involved in their use is included elsewhere in the prospectus and in this SAI. The fund’s use of derivatives may cause the fund to recognize higher amounts of short-term capital gains, which are generally taxed to individual shareholders at ordinary income tax rates, and higher amounts of ordinary income, and more generally may affect the timing, character and amount of a fund’s distributions to shareholders. The fund’s use of commodity-linked derivatives can bear on or be limited by the fund’s intention to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code), as discussed in “Taxes” below. Investments in derivatives may be applied toward meeting a requirement to invest in a particular kind of investment if the derivatives have economic characteristics similar to that investment. The fund’s use of certain derivatives may in some cases involve forms of financial leverage, which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the fund’s net asset value. See “—Borrowing and Other Forms of Leverage.” In its use of derivatives, the fund may take both long positions (the values of which move in the same direction as the prices of the underlying investments, pools of investments, indexes or currencies), and short positions (the values of which move in the opposite direction from the prices of the underlying investments, pools of investments indexes or currencies).

Short positions may involve greater risks than long positions, as the risk of loss may be theoretically unlimited (unlike a long position, in which the risk of loss may be limited to the amount invested). The fund may use derivatives that combine “long” and “short” positions in order to capture the difference between underlying investments, pools of investments, indices or currencies.

August 31, 2015  II-23 

 



Exchange-Traded Notes

The fund may invest in exchange traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are typically senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market index less applicable fees and expenses. ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. The fund may hold the ETN until maturity, at which time the issuer is obligated to pay a return linked to the performance of the relevant market index. ETNs do not make periodic interest payments and principal is not protected.

The market value of an ETN may be influenced by, among other things, time to maturity, level of supply and demand of the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in the underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, the current performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked, and the credit rating of the ETN issuer. The market value of an ETN may differ from the performance of the applicable market index and there may be times when an ETN trades at a premium or discount. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETNs at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities underlying the market index that the ETN seeks to track. A change in the issuer’s credit rating may also impact the value of an ETN despite the underlying market index remaining unchanged. ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will accept, or a court will uphold, how the fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes.

An ETN that is tied to a specific market index may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market index. ETNs also incur certain expenses not incurred by their applicable market index, and the fund would bear a proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN in which it invests.

The fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN. Some ETNs that use leverage in an effort to amplify the returns of an underlying market index can, at times, be relatively illiquid and may therefore be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs may offer the potential for greater return, but the potential for loss and speed at which losses can be realized also are greater. The extent of the fund’s investment in commodity-linked ETNs, if any, is limited by tax considerations. For more information regarding the tax treatment of commodity-linked ETNs, please see “Taxes” below.

ETNs are generally similar to structured investments and hybrid instruments. For discussion of these investments and the risks generally associated with them, see “Hybrid Instruments” and “Structured Investments” in this SAI.

Floating Rate and Variable Rate Demand Notes

The fund may purchase taxable or tax-exempt floating rate and variable rate demand notes for short-term cash management or other investment purposes. Floating rate and variable rate demand notes and bonds may have a stated maturity in excess of one year, but may have features that permit a holder to demand payment of principal plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days notice. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. The issuer has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay in its discretion the outstanding principal of the obligation plus accrued interest upon a specific number of days notice to the holders. The interest rate of a floating rate instrument may be based on a known lending rate, such as a bank's prime rate, and is reset whenever such rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable rate demand note is reset at specified intervals at a market rate.

August 31, 2015  II-24 

 



Foreign Currency Transactions

To manage its exposure to foreign currencies, the fund may engage in foreign currency exchange transactions, including purchasing and selling foreign currency, foreign currency options, foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. In addition, the fund may engage in these transactions for the purpose of increasing its return. Foreign currency transactions involve costs, and, if unsuccessful, may reduce the fund’s return.

Generally, the fund may engage in both "transaction hedging" and "position hedging." The fund may also engage in foreign currency transactions for non-hedging purposes, subject to applicable law. When it engages in transaction hedging, the fund enters into foreign currency transactions with respect to specific receivables or payables, generally arising in connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. The fund will engage in transaction hedging when it desires to "lock in" the U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest payment in a foreign currency. By transaction hedging the fund will attempt to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is earned, and the date on which such payments are made or received. The fund may also engage in position hedging to protect against a decline in the value relative to the U.S. dollar of the currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated or quoted (or an increase in the value of the currency in which securities the fund intends to buy are denominated or quoted).

The fund may purchase or sell a foreign currency on a spot (or cash) basis at the prevailing spot rate in connection with the settlement of transactions in portfolio securities denominated in that foreign currency or for other hedging or non-hedging purposes. If conditions warrant, for hedging or non-hedging purposes, the fund may also enter into contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date ("forward contracts") and purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts. The fund may also purchase or sell exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies.

A foreign currency futures contract is a standardized exchange-traded contract for the future delivery of a specified amount of a foreign currency at a price set at the time of the contract. Foreign currency futures contracts traded in the United States are designed by and traded on exchanges regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"), such as the New York Mercantile Exchange, and have margin requirements.

A foreign currency forward contract is a negotiated agreement to exchange currency at a future time, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract as agreed by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. The contract price may be higher or lower than the current spot rate. In the case of a cancelable forward contract, the holder has the unilateral right to cancel the contract at maturity by paying a specified fee. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts differ from foreign currency futures contracts in certain respects. For example, the maturity date of a forward contract may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, rather than a predetermined date in a given month. Forward contracts may be in any amount agreed upon by the parties rather than predetermined amounts. In addition, forward contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers, so that no intermediary is required. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades.

At the maturity of a forward or futures contract, the fund either may accept or make delivery of the currency specified in the contract, or at or prior to maturity enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually effected with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract. Closing transactions with respect to futures contracts may be effected only on a commodities exchange or board of trade which provides a secondary market in such contracts; a clearing corporation associated with the exchange assumes responsibility for closing out such contracts.

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Although the fund intends to purchase or sell foreign currency futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures position and, in the event of adverse price movements, the fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.

It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security or securities being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency the fund is obligated to deliver and a decision is made to sell the security or securities and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security or securities if the market value of such security or securities exceeds the amount of foreign currency the fund is obligated to deliver.

As noted above, the fund may purchase or sell exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. A put option on a futures contract gives the fund the right to assume a short position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A put option on a currency gives the fund the right to sell the currency at an exercise price until the expiration of the option. A call option on a futures contract gives the fund the right to assume a long position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A call option on a currency gives the fund the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the option.

Foreign currency options are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market, although options on foreign currencies are also listed on several exchanges. Options are traded not only on the currencies of individual nations, but also on the euro, the joint currency of most countries in the European Union.

The fund will only purchase or write foreign currency options when Putnam Management believes that a liquid secondary market exists for such options. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular option at any specific time. Options on foreign currencies may be affected by all of those factors which influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.

The fund's currency hedging transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may at times not involve currencies in which its portfolio securities are then denominated. Putnam Management will engage in such "cross hedging" activities when it believes that such transactions provide significant hedging opportunities for the fund. Cross hedging transactions by the fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is the subject of the hedge.

Transaction and position hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities that the fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange which one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they involve costs to the fund and tend to limit any potential gain which might result from the increase in value of such currency.

The fund may also engage in non-hedging currency transactions. For example, Putnam Management may believe that exposure to a currency is in the fund's best interest but that securities denominated in that currency are unattractive. In this situation, the fund may purchase a currency forward contract or option in order to increase its exposure to the currency. In accordance with SEC regulations, the fund will set aside liquid assets on its books to cover forward contracts used for non-hedging purposes.

August 31, 2015  II-26 

 



In addition, the fund may seek to increase its current return or to offset some of the costs of hedging against fluctuations in current exchange rates by writing covered call options and covered put options on foreign currencies. The fund receives a premium from writing a call or put option, which increases the fund's current return if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a net profit. The fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction in which it purchases an option having the same terms as the option written.

The value of any currency, including U.S. dollars and foreign currencies, may be affected by complex political and economic factors applicable to the issuing country. In addition, the exchange rates of foreign currencies (and therefore the values of foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts) may be affected significantly, fixed, or supported directly or indirectly by U.S. and foreign government actions. Government intervention may increase risks involved in purchasing or selling foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts, since exchange rates may not be free to fluctuate in response to other market forces.

The value of a foreign currency option, forward contract or futures contract reflects the value of an exchange rate, which in turn reflects relative values of two currencies -- the U.S. dollar and the foreign currency in question. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for currency conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the "spread") between prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in the exercise of foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts, investors may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd-lot market for the underlying foreign currencies in connection with options at prices that are less favorable than for round lots. Foreign governmental restrictions or taxes could result in adverse changes in the cost of acquiring or disposing of foreign currencies.

There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies and there is no regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Available quotation information is generally representative of very large round-lot transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect exchange rates for smaller odd-lot transactions (less than $1 million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent that options markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets.

The decision as to whether and to what extent the fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions will depend on a number of factors, including prevailing market conditions, the composition of the fund's portfolio and the availability of suitable transactions. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions at any given time or from time to time.

Foreign Investments and Related Risks

Foreign securities are normally denominated and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, the value of the fund's foreign investments and the value of its shares may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. In addition, the fund is required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the exchange rate for a foreign currency declines after a fund's income has been earned and translated into U.S. dollars (but before payment), the fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to make such distributions. Similarly, if an exchange rate declines between the time a fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the amount of such currency required to be converted into U.S. dollars in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the equivalent amount in any such currency of such expenses at the time they were incurred.

August 31, 2015  II-27 

 



There may be less information publicly available about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the United States. In addition, there may be less (or less effective) regulation of exchanges, brokers and listed companies in some foreign countries. The securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Foreign brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees are also generally higher than in the United States.

Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations may be more complex and involve certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery of securities or in the recovery of the fund's assets held abroad) and expenses not present in the settlement of investments in U.S. markets. For example, settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or foreign currencies (see below) may occur within a foreign country, and the fund may accept or make delivery of the underlying securities or currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations, and may pay fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery. Such investments may also involve the risk that an entity involved in the settlement may not meet its obligations.

In addition, foreign securities may be subject to the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of sanctions (whether imposed by the local sovereign or by the United States government), currency exchange controls, foreign withholding taxes or restrictions on the repatriation of foreign currency, confiscatory taxation, political, social or financial instability and diplomatic developments which could affect the value of the fund's investments in certain foreign countries. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply.

Note on MSCI indices. MSCI, Inc. (MSCI) publishes two versions of its indices reflecting the reinvestment of dividends using two different methodologies: gross dividends and net dividends. While both versions reflect reinvested dividends, they differ with respect to the manner in which taxes associated with dividend payments are treated. In calculating the net dividends version, MSCI incorporates reinvested dividends applying the withholding tax rate applicable to foreign non-resident institutional investors that do not benefit from double taxation treaties. Putnam Management believes that the net dividends version of MSCI indices better reflects the returns U.S. investors might expect were they to invest directly in the component securities of an MSCI index.

Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States or in other foreign countries.

The laws of some foreign countries may limit the fund's ability to invest in securities of certain issuers organized under the laws of those foreign countries. These restrictions may take the form of prior governmental approval requirements, limits on the amount or type of securities held by foreigners and limits on the types of companies in which foreigners may invest (e.g., limits on investment in certain industries). Some countries also limit the investment of foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous terms or rights or preferences than securities of the issuer available for purchase by domestic parties, or may directly limit foreign investors’ rights (such as voting rights). Although securities subject to such restrictions may be marketable abroad, they may be less liquid than foreign securities of the same class that are not subject to such restrictions. Foreign laws may also impact the availability of derivatives or hedging techniques relating to a foreign country’s government securities. In each of these situations, the funds’ ability to invest significantly in desired issuers, or the terms of such investments, could be negatively impacted as a result of the relevant legal restriction. Sanctions imposed by the United States government on other countries or persons or issuers operating in such countries could restrict the fund’s ability to buy affected securities or to sell any affected securities it has previously purchased, which may subject the fund to greater risk of loss in those securities.

For purposes of some foreign holding limits or disclosure thresholds, all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable limits or thresholds have been exceeded. Thus, even if the fund does not intend to exceed applicable

August 31, 2015  II-28 

 



limits, it is possible that different clients managed by Putnam Management and its affiliates (including separate affiliates owned by Power Corporation of Canada outside the Putnam Investments group) may be aggregated for this purpose. These limits may adversely affect the fund’s ability to invest in the applicable security.

The risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, typically are increased in connection with investments in developing countries, also known as "emerging markets." For example, political and economic structures in these countries may be in their infancy and developing rapidly, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. Certain of these countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized and expropriated the assets of private companies. High rates of inflation or currency devaluations may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries. Investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative.

The currencies of certain emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and future devaluations may adversely affect the value of assets denominated in such currencies. Many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation or deflation for many years, and future inflation may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries.

In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may affect the value of investments in emerging markets and the availability of additional investments in these markets. The small size, limited trading volume and relative inexperience of the securities markets in these countries may make investments in securities traded in emerging markets illiquid and more volatile than investments in securities traded in more developed countries, and the fund may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before making investments in securities traded in emerging markets. There may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers of emerging market securities, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value or prospects of an investment in such securities.

American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities.

Certain of the foregoing risks may also apply to some extent to securities of U.S. issuers that are denominated in foreign currencies or that are traded in foreign markets, or securities of U.S. issuers having significant foreign operations.

August 31, 2015  II-29 

 



Forward Commitments and Dollar Rolls

The fund may enter into contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time ("forward commitments") if the fund sets aside on its books liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price, or if the fund enters into offsetting contracts for the forward sale of other securities it owns. In the case of to-be-announced ("TBA") purchase commitments, the unit price and the estimated principal amount are established when the fund enters into a contract, with the actual principal amount being within a specified range of the estimate. Forward commitments may be considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in the value of the fund's other assets. Where such purchases are made through dealers, the fund relies on the dealer to consummate the sale. The dealer's failure to do so may result in the loss to the fund of an advantageous yield or price. Although the fund will generally enter into forward commitments with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio or for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into, the fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if Putnam Management deems it appropriate to do so. The fund may realize short-term profits or losses upon the sale of forward commitments.

The fund may enter into TBA sale commitments to hedge its portfolio positions, to sell securities it owns under delayed delivery arrangements, or to take a short position in mortgage-backed securities. Proceeds of TBA sale commitments are not received until the contractual settlement date. During the time a TBA sale commitment is outstanding, either equivalent deliverable securities or an offsetting TBA purchase commitment deliverable on or before the sale commitment date are held as "cover" for the transaction, or other liquid assets in an amount equal to the notional value of the TBA sale commitment are segregated. Where the fund purchases or sells an option, which is to be settled in cash, to buy or sell a TBA sale commitment, the fund will segregate cash or liquid assets in an amount equal to the current “mark-to-market” value of the option. Unsettled TBA sale commitments are valued at current market value of the underlying securities. If the TBA sale commitment is closed through the acquisition of an offsetting purchase commitment, the fund realizes a gain or loss on the commitment without regard to any unrealized gain or loss on the underlying security. If the fund delivers securities under the commitment, the fund realizes a gain or loss from the sale of the securities based upon the unit price established at the date the commitment was entered into.

The fund may enter into dollar roll transactions (generally using TBAs) in which it sells a fixed income security for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to purchase similar securities (for example, same type, coupon and maturity) at an agreed upon future time. By engaging in a dollar roll transaction, the fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the security that is sold, but receives the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase. The fund would also be able to earn interest on the proceeds of the sale before they are reinvested. The fund accounts for dollar rolls as purchases and sales. Because cash (or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees) in the amount of the fund’s commitment under a dollar roll is set aside on the fund’s books, the fund does not consider these transactions to be borrowings for purposes of its investment restrictions.

The obligation to purchase securities on a specified future date involves the risk that the market value of the securities that the fund is obligated to purchase may decline below the purchase price. In addition, in the event the other party to the transaction files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent or defaults on its obligation, the fund may be adversely affected.

Futures Contracts and Related Options

Subject to applicable law, the fund may invest without limit in futures contracts and related options for hedging and non-hedging purposes, such as to manage the effective duration of the fund's portfolio or as a substitute for direct investment. A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of financial instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of financial instrument called

August 31, 2015  II-30 

 



for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. The specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase was made. Futures contracts are traded in the United States only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade -- known as "contract markets" -- approved for such trading by the CFTC, and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm which is a member of the relevant contract market. Examples of futures contracts that the fund may use (which may include single-security futures) include, without limitation, U.S. Treasury security futures, index futures, corporate or municipal bond futures, Government National Mortgage Association certificate futures, interest rate swap futures, and Eurodollar futures. In addition, as described elsewhere in this SAI, the fund may use foreign currency futures.

Although futures contracts (other than index futures and futures based on the volatility or variance experienced by an index) by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. Index futures and futures based on the volatility or variance experienced by an index do not call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or securities, but instead require cash settlement of the futures contract on the settlement date specified in the contract. Such contracts may also be closed out before the settlement date. Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing a futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or commodity with the same delivery date. If the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. If the fund is unable to enter into a closing transaction, the amount of the fund's potential loss is unlimited. The closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the purchaser's entering into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, he realizes a loss.

Unlike when the fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Instead, upon entering into a contract, the fund is required to deliver to the futures broker an amount of liquid assets. This amount is known as "initial margin." The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is similar to a performance bond or good faith deposit which is returned to the fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Futures contracts also involve brokerage costs.

Subsequent payments, called "variation margin" or "maintenance margin," to and from the broker are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or commodity fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to the market." For example, when the fund has purchased a futures contract on a security and the price of the underlying security has risen, that position will have increased in value and the fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment based on that increase in value. Conversely, when the fund has purchased a security futures contract and the price of the underlying security has declined, the position would be less valuable and the fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker.

The fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration in order to reduce or eliminate a position then currently held by the fund. The fund may close its positions by taking opposite positions which will operate to terminate the fund's position in the futures contracts. Final determinations of variation margin are then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the fund, and the fund realizes a loss or a gain. Such closing transactions involve additional commission costs.

The fund does not intend to purchase or sell futures or related options for other than hedging purposes, if, as a result, the sum of the initial margin deposits on the fund's existing futures and related options positions and premiums paid for outstanding options on futures contracts would exceed 5% of the fund's net assets.

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Each Putnam fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA (the “exclusion”) promulgated by the CFTC. Accordingly, neither these funds nor Putnam Management are subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA. To remain eligible for the exclusion, each fund will be limited in its ability to use certain financial instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures and certain swaps transactions. In the event that a fund’s investments in commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the exclusion, Putnam Management may be required to register as a “commodity pool operator” and/or “commodity trading advisor” with the CFTC with respect to that fund. Putnam Management’s eligibility to claim the exclusion with respect to a fund will be based upon, among other things, the level and scope of the fund’s investment in commodity interests, the purposes of such investments and the manner in which the fund holds out its use of commodity interests. A fund’s ability to invest in commodity interests (including, but not limited to, futures and swaps on broad-based securities indexes and interest rates) is limited by Putnam Management's intention to operate the fund in a manner that would permit Putnam Management to continue to claim the exclusion under Rule 4.5, which may adversely affect the fund’s total return. In the event the fund’s investments in commodity interests require Putnam Management to register with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator with respect to a fund, the fund’s expenses may increase, adversely affecting that fund’s total return.

Index futures. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position. A unit is the current value of the index. The fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s). The fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts.

For example, the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Price Index ("S&P 500") is composed of 500 selected U.S. common stocks. The S&P 500 assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the Index, and the value fluctuates with changes in the market values of those common stocks. In the case of the S&P 500, contracts are currently to buy or sell 250 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 500 were $150, one contract would be worth $37,500 (250 units x $150). The stock index futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference between the contract price and the actual level of the stock index at the expiration of the contract. For example, if the fund enters into a futures contract to buy 250 units of the S&P 500 at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 is at $154 on that future date, the fund will gain $1,000 (250 units x gain of $4). If the fund enters into a futures contract to sell 250 units of the stock index at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 is at $152 on that future date, the fund will lose $500 (250 units x loss of $2).

Options on futures contracts. The fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts it may buy or sell and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. In return for the premium paid, options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to its expiration date, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the underlying asset on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.

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The fund may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the underlying securities or indices or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, the fund may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts. Similarly, the fund may purchase call options or write put options on futures contracts as a substitute for the purchase of futures contracts to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities which the fund expects to purchase. Such options generally operate in the same manner, and involve the same risks, as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. In addition, the fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers' requirements similar to those described above in connection with the discussion of futures contracts. The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those relating to the sale of futures contracts.

Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts generally involves less potential risk to the fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs). However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments.

As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index futures, the fund may purchase and sell call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options would be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures.

Risks of transactions in futures contracts and related options. Successful use of futures contracts by the fund is subject to Putnam Management's ability to predict movements in various factors affecting securities markets, including interest rates and market movements, and, in the case of index futures and futures based on the volatility or variance experienced by an index, Putnam Management’s ability to predict the future level of the index or the future volatility or variance experienced by an index. For example, it is possible that, where the fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index on which the futures are written may advance and the value of securities held in the fund's portfolio, which may differ from those that comprise the index, may decline. If this occurred, the fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities. It is also possible that, if the fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices increase instead, the fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of those securities it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so.

The use of options and futures strategies also involves the risk of imperfect correlation among movements in the prices of the securities or other assets underlying the futures and options purchased and sold by the fund, of the options and futures contracts themselves, and, in the case of hedging transactions, of the securities which are the subject of a hedge. In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures used by the fund and the portion of the portfolio being hedged, the prices of futures may not correlate perfectly with movements in the underlying asset due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the expected relationship between the underlying asset and futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result the futures market may attract more speculators than the securities market does. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market and also because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the underlying asset and movements in the prices of related futures, even a correct forecast of general market trends by Putnam Management may still not result in a profitable position.

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There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain market clearing facilities inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by exchanges of special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of customer orders.

To reduce or eliminate a position held by the fund, the fund may seek to close out such position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract or option. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts or options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts or options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts or options (or a particular class or series of contracts or options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange for such contracts or options (or in the class or series of contracts or options) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts or options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

Hybrid Instruments

These instruments are generally considered derivatives and include indexed or structured securities, and combine the elements of futures contracts or options with those of debt, preferred equity or a depository instrument. A hybrid instrument may be a debt security, preferred stock, warrant, convertible security, certificate of deposit or other evidence of indebtedness on which a portion of or all interest payments, and/or the principal or stated amount payable at maturity, redemption or retirement is determined by reference to prices, changes in prices, or differences between prices, of securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles or commodities (collectively, “underlying assets”), or by another objective index, economic factor or other measure, including interest rates, currency exchange rates, or commodities or securities indices (collectively, “benchmarks”).

The risks of investing in hybrid instruments reflect a combination of the risks of investing in securities, options, futures and currencies. An investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument that has a fixed principal amount, is denominated in U.S. dollars or pays interest either at a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a common, nationally published benchmark. The risks of a particular hybrid instrument will depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include the possibility of significant changes in the benchmark(s) or the prices of the underlying assets to which the instrument is linked. Such risks generally depend upon factors unrelated to the operations or credit quality of the issuer of the hybrid instrument, which may not be foreseen by the purchaser, such as economic and political events, the supply and demand of the underlying assets and interest rate movements. Hybrid instruments may be highly volatile and their use by the fund may not be successful. Hybrid instruments may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Alternatively, hybrid instruments may bear interest at above market rates but bear an increased risk of principal loss (or gain). The latter scenario may result if “leverage” is used to structure the hybrid instrument. Leverage risk occurs when the hybrid instrument is structured so that a given change in a benchmark or underlying asset is multiplied to produce a greater value change in the hybrid instrument, thereby magnifying the risk of loss as well as the potential for gain.

Hybrid instruments can be an efficient means of creating exposure to a particular market, or segment of a market, with the objective of enhancing total return. For example, a fund may wish to take advantage of expected declines in interest rates in several European countries, but avoid the transaction costs associated with buying

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and currency-hedging the foreign bond positions. One solution would be to purchase a U.S. dollar-denominated hybrid instrument whose redemption price is linked to the average three year interest rate in a designated group of countries. The redemption price formula would provide for payoffs of less than par if rates were above the specified level. Furthermore, a fund could limit the downside risk of the security by establishing a minimum redemption price so that the principal paid at maturity could not be below a predetermined minimum level if interest rates were to rise significantly. The purpose of this arrangement, known as a structured security with an embedded put option, would be to give the fund the desired European bond exposure while avoiding currency risk, limiting downside market risk, and lowering transaction costs. Of course, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful and the fund could lose money if, for example, interest rates do not move as anticipated or credit problems develop with the issuer of the hybrid instrument.

Hybrid instruments are potentially more volatile and carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments. Depending on the structure of the particular hybrid instrument, changes in a benchmark may be magnified by the terms of the hybrid instrument and have an even more dramatic and substantial effect upon the value of the hybrid instrument. Also, the prices of the hybrid instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time.

Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often “customized” to meet the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore, the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional debt securities. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of such an investment could be zero. In addition, because the purchase and sale of hybrid investments could take place in an over-the-counter market without the guarantee of a central clearing organization, or in a transaction between the fund and the issuer of the hybrid instrument, the creditworthiness of the counterparty of the issuer of the hybrid instrument would be an additional risk factor the fund would have to consider and monitor. In addition, uncertainty regarding the tax treatment of hybrid instruments may reduce demand for such instruments. Tax considerations may also limit the extent of the fund’s investments in certain hybrid instruments. Hybrid instruments also may not be subject to regulation by the CFTC, which generally regulates the trading of commodity futures by U.S. persons, the SEC, which regulates the offer and sale of securities by and to U.S. persons, or any other governmental regulatory authority.

Inflation-Protected Securities

The fund may invest in U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (“U.S. TIPS”), which are fixed income securities issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury, the principal amounts of which are adjusted daily based upon changes in the rate of inflation. The fund may also invest in other inflation-protected securities issued by non-U.S. governments or by private issuers. U.S. TIPS pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. The interest rate on these bonds is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal value that has been adjusted for inflation.

Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed for U.S. TIPS, even during a period of deflation. However, because the principal amount of U.S. TIPS would be adjusted downward during a period of deflation, the fund will be subject to deflation risk with respect to its investments in these securities. In addition, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. If the fund purchases U.S. TIPS in the secondary market whose principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, the fund may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. The fund may also invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a guarantee of principal. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.

The periodic adjustment of U.S. TIPS is currently tied to the CPI-U, which is calculated by the U.S. Department of Treasury. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as

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housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-protected bonds issued by a non-U.S. government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can no assurance that the CPI-U or any non-U.S. inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond's inflation measure. In addition, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a non-U.S. country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.

In general, the value of inflation-protected bonds is expected to fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, which are in turn tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-protected bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-protected bonds. If inflation is lower than expected during the period the fund holds the security, the fund may earn less on the security than on a conventional bond. Any increase in principal value is taxable in the year the increase occurs, even though holders do not receive cash representing the increase at that time. As a result, when the fund invests in inflation-protected securities, it could be required at times to liquidate other investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements as a regulated investment company and to eliminate any fund-level income tax liability under the Code.

The U.S. Treasury began issuing inflation-protected bonds in 1997. Certain non-U.S. governments, such as the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, have a longer history of issuing inflation-protected bonds, and there may be a more liquid market in certain of these countries for these securities.

Initial Public Offerings

The fund may purchase debt or equity securities in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). These securities, which are often issued by unseasoned companies, may be subject to many of the same risks of investing in companies with smaller market capitalizations. Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and information about the companies may be available for very limited periods. Securities issued in an IPO frequently are very volatile in price, and the fund may hold securities purchased in an IPO for a very short period of time. As a result, the fund’s investments in IPOs may increase portfolio turnover, which increases brokerage and administrative costs and may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.

At any particular time or from time to time the fund may not be able to invest in securities issued in IPOs, or invest to the extent desired because, for example, only a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may be made available to the fund. In addition, under certain market conditions a relatively small number of companies may issue securities in IPOs. Similarly, as the number of Putnam funds to which IPO securities are allocated increases, the number of securities issued to any one fund may decrease. The investment performance of the fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when the fund is able to do so. In addition, as the fund increases in size, the impact of IPOs on the fund’s performance will generally decrease.

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Interfund Borrowing and Lending

To satisfy redemption requests or to cover unanticipated cash shortfalls, the fund has entered into a Master Interfund Lending Agreement by and among each Putnam fund and Putnam Management (the “Interfund Lending Agreement”) under which the fund would lend or borrow money for temporary purposes directly to or from another Putnam fund (an “Interfund Loan”), subject to meeting the conditions of an SEC exemptive order granted to the fund permitting such Interfund Loans. All Interfund Loans would consist only of uninvested cash reserves that the lending fund otherwise would invest in short-term repurchase agreements or other short-term instruments. At this time, Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund and Putnam Short-Term Investment Fund are the only Putnam funds expected to make their uninvested cash reserves available for Interfund Loans.

If the fund has outstanding borrowings, any Interfund Loans to the fund (a) would be at an interest rate equal to or lower than that of any outstanding bank loan, (b) would be secured at least on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral, and (c) would have a maturity no longer than any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days). In addition, if an event of default were to occur under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the fund, the event of default would automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending fund) constitute an immediate event of default under the Interfund Lending Agreement entitling the lending fund to call the Interfund Loan (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral) and such a call would be deemed made if the lending bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the borrowing fund.

The fund may make an unsecured borrowing under the Interfund Lending Agreement if its outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the interfund borrowing total 10% or less of its total assets; provided, that if the fund has a secured loan outstanding from any other lender, including but not limited to another Putnam fund, the fund’s Interfund Loan would be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan secured by collateral. If the fund’s total outstanding borrowings immediately after an interfund borrowing would be greater than 10% of its total assets, the fund may borrow through the credit facility on a secured basis only. All secured Interfund Loans would be secured by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value equal to at least 102% of the outstanding principal value of the Interfund Loan. The fund may not borrow from any source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after the borrowing would exceed the limits imposed by Section 18 of the 1940 Act or the fund’s fundamental investment restrictions.

The fund may not lend to another Putnam fund under the Interfund Lending Agreement if the Interfund Loan would cause its aggregate outstanding Interfund Loans to exceed 15% of the fund’s current net assets at the time of the Interfund Loan. The fund’s Interfund Loans to any one fund may not exceed 5% of the lending fund’s net assets. The duration of Interfund Loans would be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event may the duration exceed seven days. Interfund Loans effected within seven days of each other would be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition. Each Interfund Loan may be called on one business day’s notice by a lending fund and may be repaid on any day by a borrowing fund.

The limitations detailed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund lending for both the lending fund and the borrowing fund. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. If the fund borrows money from another fund, there is a risk that the Interfund Loan could be called on one day’s notice or not renewed, in which case the fund may have to borrow from a bank at higher rates if an Interfund Loan were not available from another fund. A delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost opportunity or additional lending costs, and interfund loans are subject to the risk that the borrowing fund could be unable to repay the loan when due.

Inverse Floaters

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These securities have variable interest rates that typically move in the opposite direction from movements in prevailing short-term interest rate levels – rising when prevailing short-term interest rate fall, and vice versa. The prices of inverse floaters can be considerably more volatile than the prices of bonds with comparable maturities.

Investment Ratings

The securities in which money market funds invest must be rated in one of the two highest short-term rating categories (without regard for gradations or subcategories) by one or more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs) or be deemed by Putnam Management to be of comparable quality to securities having such ratings. Money market funds will rely on the two highest ratings given to a security by the NRSROs for purposes of complying with this requirement. If one or both of the two highest ratings are in the second highest short-term rating category, the security is treated as a Second Tier Security. Generally, Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act prohibits a money market fund from investing more than 3% of its assets in Second Tier Securities. Money market funds comply with these rating requirements at the time a security is acquired. If a security is downgraded to Second Tier after its acquisition, the money market funds may continue to hold the security even if the portfolio exceeds Rule 2a-7’s limits on Second Tier Securities. Other factors, such as substantial redemptions, may cause a money market fund’s portfolio to exceed Rule 2a-7 limits on the acquisition of securities. A money market fund may continue to hold securities in excess of these limits, even if the fund has the right to tender the security for purchase for its amortized cost value.

Legal and Regulatory Risks Relating to Investment Strategy

The fund may be adversely affected by new (or revised) laws or regulations that may be imposed by the CFTC, the SEC, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, or other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. These agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of rules pursuant to financial reform legislation in the United States. The fund may also be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules. The regulatory environment for private funds is evolving, and changes in the regulation of private funds may adversely affect the value of the investments held by the fund and the ability of the fund to execute its investment strategy. In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.

The U.S. government recently enacted legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including new clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements. Because the legislation leaves much to rule making, its ultimate impact remains unclear. New regulations could, among other things, adversely affect the value of the investments held by the fund, restrict the fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivatives transactions no longer available to the fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (for example, by increasing margin or capital requirements), and the fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result. It is unclear how the regulatory changes will affect counterparty risk.

The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if the fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by Putnam Management and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Any modification of trading

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decisions or elimination of open positions that may be required to avoid exceeding such limits may adversely affect the profitability of the fund.

The SEC has in the past adopted interim rules requiring reporting of all short positions above a certain threshold and is expected to adopt rules requiring monthly public disclosure in the future. In addition, other non-U.S. jurisdictions where the fund may trade have adopted reporting requirements. If the fund’s short positions or its strategy become generally known, the fund’s ability to implement its investment strategy could be adversely affected. In particular, other investors could cause a “short squeeze” in the securities held short by the fund forcing the fund to cover its positions at a loss. Such reporting requirements may also limit the fund’s ability to access management and other personnel at certain companies where the fund seeks to take a short position. In addition, if other investors engage in copycat behavior by taking positions in the same issuers as the fund, the cost of borrowing securities to sell short could increase drastically and the availability of such securities to the fund could decrease drastically. In addition, the SEC recently proposed additional restrictions on short sales, which could restrict the fund’s ability to engage in short sales in certain circumstances. The SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have adopted) bans on short sales of certain securities in response to market events. Bans on short selling may make it impossible for the fund to execute certain investment strategies.

Recently enacted federal legislation requires the adoption of regulations that will require any creditor that makes a loan and any securitizer of a loan to retain at least 5% of the credit risk on any loan that is transferred, sold or conveyed by such creditor or securitizer. It is currently unclear how these requirements will apply to loan participations, syndicated loans, and loan assignments. Investors, such as the fund, that seek or hold investments in loans could be adversely affected by the regulation.

In July 2014, the SEC adopted amendments to the rules governing money market funds, which may affect the fund’s operations. Under the rule amendments, non-government money market funds will be required to use a floating net asset value, so that the value of a money market fund’s shares will change over time with the market values of the fund’s portfolio investments, unless they have policies and procedures reasonably designed to limit all beneficial owners of the fund’s shares to natural persons. Money market funds that are subject to the floating net asset value requirements will be required to cease using the amortized cost method to value their shares and to effect transactions in fund shares at a net asset value per share calculated out to the fourth decimal point (e.g., $1.0004 or $0.9998 instead of $1.00). The amendments also permit the board of trustees of a money market fund to impose a liquidity fee of up to 2% of a shareholder's redemption request and/or to suspend redemptions for a period of up to ten business days if less than 30% of the fund’s total assets are invested in “weekly liquid assets,” which includes cash, certain government securities and securities with a remaining maturity of, or subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and payable within, five business days. Non-government money market funds will be required to impose a redemption fee if less than 10% of the fund’s total assets are invested in weekly liquid assets, unless the fund’s board of directors determines that imposing such a fee is not in the best interests of the fund. Full compliance with the rule amendments is currently required by October 2016.

Lower-rated Securities

The fund may invest in lower-rated fixed-income securities (commonly known as "junk bonds"). The lower ratings reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general economic conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates, may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest and principal. The inability (or perceived inability) of issuers to make timely payment of interest and principal would likely make the values of securities held by the fund more volatile and could limit the fund's ability to sell its securities at prices approximating the values the fund had placed on such securities. In the absence of a liquid trading market for securities held by it, the fund at times may be unable to establish the fair value of such securities.

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Securities ratings are based largely on the issuer's historical financial condition and the rating agencies' analysis at the time of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer's current financial condition, which may be better or worse than the rating would indicate. In addition, the rating assigned to a security by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's (or by any other nationally recognized securities rating agency) does not reflect an assessment of the volatility of the security's market value or the liquidity of an investment in the security. See "SECURITIES RATINGS."

Like those of other fixed-income securities, the values of lower-rated securities fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the fund's fixed-income assets. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the fund's fixed-income assets will generally decline. The values of lower-rated securities may often be affected to a greater extent by changes in general economic conditions and business conditions affecting the issuers of such securities and their industries. Negative publicity or investor perceptions may also adversely affect the values of lower-rated securities. Changes by nationally recognized securities rating agencies in their ratings of any fixed-income security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities generally will not affect income derived from these securities, but will affect the fund's net asset value. The fund will not necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase. However, Putnam Management will monitor the investment to determine whether its retention will assist in meeting the fund's goal(s).

Issuers of lower-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. Such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them and may be unable to repay outstanding obligations at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or repayment of principal by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.

At times, a substantial portion of the fund's assets may be invested in an issue of which the fund, by itself or together with other funds and accounts managed by Putnam Management or its affiliates, holds all or a major portion. Although Putnam Management generally considers such securities to be liquid because of the availability of an institutional market for such securities, it is possible that, under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities when Putnam Management believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if they were more widely held. Under these circumstances, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the fund's net asset value. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, the fund may be required to participate in various legal proceedings or take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer's obligations on such securities. This could increase the fund's operating expenses and adversely affect the fund's net asset value. In the case of tax-exempt funds, any income derived from the fund's ownership or operation of such assets would not be tax-exempt. The ability of a holder of a tax-exempt security to enforce the terms of that security in a bankruptcy proceeding may be more limited than would be the case with respect to securities of private issuers. In addition, the fund's intention to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Code may limit the extent to which the fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets.

To the extent the fund invests in securities in the lower rating categories, the achievement of the fund's goals is more dependent on Putnam Management's investment analysis than would be the case if the fund were investing in securities in the higher rating categories.

Money Market Instruments

Money market instruments, or short-term debt instruments, consist of obligations such as commercial paper, bank obligations (i.e., certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances), repurchase agreements and various

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government obligations, such as Treasury bills. These instruments have a remaining maturity of one year or less and are generally of high credit quality. Money market instruments may be structured to be, or may employ a trust or other form so that they are, eligible investments for money market funds. For example, put features can be used to modify the maturity of a security or interest rate adjustment features can be used to enhance price stability. If a structure fails to function as intended, adverse tax or investment consequences may result. Neither the IRS nor any other regulatory authority has ruled definitively on certain legal issues presented by certain structured securities. Future tax or other regulatory determinations could adversely affect the value, liquidity, or tax treatment of the income received from these securities or the nature and timing of distributions made by the funds.

Commercial paper is a money market instrument issued by banks or companies to raise money for short-term purposes. Unlike some other debt obligations, commercial paper is typically unsecured. Commercial paper may be issued as an asset-backed security (that is, backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different issuers), in which case certain of the risks discussed in “Mortgage-backed and Asset-backed securities” would apply. Commercial paper is traded primarily among institutions.

Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may invest in bankers’ acceptances issued by banks with deposits in excess of $2 billion (or the foreign currency equivalent) at the close of the last calendar year. If the Trustees change this minimum deposit requirement, shareholders would be notified. Other Putnam funds may invest in bankers’ acceptances without regard to this requirement.

In accordance with rules issued by the SEC, the fund may from time to time invest all or a portion of its cash balances in money market and/or short-term bond funds advised by Putnam Management. In connection with such investments, Putnam Management may waive a portion of the advisory fees otherwise payable by the fund. See “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI for the amount, if any, waived by Putnam Management in connection with such investments.

Mortgage-backed and Asset-backed Securities

Mortgage-backed securities, including collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") and certain stripped mortgage-backed securities, represent a participation in, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from credit card agreements.

Mortgage-backed securities have yield and maturity characteristics corresponding to the underlying assets. Unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity, when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on certain mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial repayment of principal. Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-backed securities. In that event the fund may be unable to invest the proceeds from the early payment of the mortgage-backed securities in an investment that provides as high a yield as the mortgage-backed securities. Consequently, early payment associated with mortgage-backed securities may cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than that experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by factors including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-backed securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending to increase the life of mortgage-backed securities. If the life of a mortgage-backed security is inaccurately predicted, the fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.

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Adjustable rate mortgage securities (“ARMs”), like traditional mortgage-backed securities, are interests in pools of mortgage loans that provide investors with payments consisting of both principal and interest as mortgage loans in the underlying mortgage pool are paid off by the borrowers. Unlike fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities, ARMs are collateralized by or represent interests in mortgage loans with variable rates of interest. These interest rates are reset at periodic intervals, usually by reference to an interest rate index or market interest rate. Although the rate adjustment feature may act as a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, these securities are still subject to changes in value based on, among other things, changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness. If rates increase due to a reset, the risk of default by underlying borrowers may increase. Because the interest rates are reset only periodically, changes in the interest rate on ARMs may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some ARMs (or the underlying mortgages) are subject to caps or floors that limit the maximum change in the interest rate during a specified period or over the life of the security. As a result, changes in the interest rate on an ARM may not fully reflect changes in prevailing market interest rates during certain periods. The fund may also invest in “hybrid” ARMs, whose underlying mortgages combine fixed-rate and adjustable rate features.

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are less effective than other types of securities as a means of "locking in" attractive long-term interest rates. One reason is the need to reinvest prepayments of principal; another is the possibility of significant unscheduled prepayments resulting from declines in interest rates. These prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. The automatic interest rate adjustment feature of mortgages underlying ARMs likewise reduces the ability to lock-in attractive rates. As a result, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the fund. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral.

At times, some mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities will have higher than market interest rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their par value. Prepayments may cause losses on securities purchased at a premium.

CMOs may be issued by a U.S. government agency or instrumentality or by a private issuer. Although payment of the principal of, and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately issued CMOs may be guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, these CMOs represent obligations solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities or any other person or entity.

Prepayments could cause early retirement of CMOs. CMOs are designed to reduce the risk of prepayment for investors by issuing multiple classes of securities, each having different maturities, interest rates and payment schedules, and with the principal and interest on the underlying mortgages allocated among the several classes in various ways. Payment of interest or principal on some classes or series of CMOs may be subject to contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of the risk of default on the underlying mortgages. CMOs of different classes or series are generally retired in sequence as the underlying mortgage loans in the mortgage pool are repaid. If enough mortgages are repaid ahead of schedule, the classes or series of a CMO with the earliest maturities generally will be retired prior to their maturities. Thus, the early retirement of particular classes or series of a CMO would have the same effect as the prepayment of mortgages underlying other mortgage-backed securities. Conversely, slower than anticipated prepayments can extend the effective

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maturities of CMOs, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing their volatility.

Prepayments could result in losses on stripped mortgage-backed securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage loans. The yield to maturity on an interest only or “IO” class of stripped mortgage-backed securities is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on the fund's yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal only or “POs” tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for stripped mortgage-backed securities may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-backed securities, potentially limiting the fund's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time.

The risks associated with other asset-backed securities (including in particular the risks of issuer default and of early prepayment) are generally similar to those described above for CMOs. In addition, because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in the underlying assets that is comparable to a mortgage, asset-backed securities present certain additional risks that are not present with mortgage-backed securities. The ability of an issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the underlying assets may be limited. For example, revolving credit receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles, rather than by real property.

Asset-backed securities may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. The value of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset and are therefore subject to risks associated with negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of the underlying assets.

Options on Securities

Writing covered options. The fund may write covered call options and covered put options on optionable securities held in its portfolio or that it has an absolute and immediate right to acquire without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees, in such amount as are set aside on the fund’s books), when in the opinion of Putnam Management such transactions are consistent with the fund's goal(s) and policies. Call options written by the fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from the fund at a stated exercise price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to the fund at a stated price.

The fund may write only covered options, which means that, so long as the fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges) or have an absolute and immediate right to acquire without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees, in such amount as are set aside on the fund’s books). In the case of put options, the fund will set aside on its books assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees and equal in value to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, the fund will be considered to have covered a put or call

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option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option it has written. The fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls on the same underlying security.

The fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases the fund's return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying security. By writing a call option, if the fund holds the security, the fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security. If the fund does not hold the underlying security, the fund bears the risk that, if the market price exceeds the option strike price, the fund will suffer a loss equal to the difference at the time of exercise. By writing a put option, the fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its then-current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.

The fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction, in which it purchases an offsetting option. The fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. If the fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, the fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as "margin," or collateral, for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying security. As the value of the underlying security varies, the fund may have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.

Purchasing put options. The fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such protection is provided during the life of the put option since the fund, as holder of the option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security's market price. In order for a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, the fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs. The fund may also purchase put options for other investment purposes, including to take a short position in the security underlying the put option.

Purchasing call options. The fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since the fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security's market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. The fund may also purchase call options for other investment purposes.

Risk factors in options transactions. The successful use of the fund's options strategies depends on the ability of Putnam Management to forecast correctly interest rate and market movements. For example, if the fund were to write a call option based on Putnam Management's expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if the fund were to write a put option based on Putnam Management's expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.

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When the fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction before the option's expiration. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by the fund in the underlying security, since the fund will not realize a loss if the security's price does not change.

The effective use of options also depends on the fund's ability to terminate option positions at times when Putnam Management deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that the fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price. If a secondary market in options were to become unavailable, the fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. Lack of investor interest might adversely affect the liquidity of the market for particular options or series of options. A market may discontinue trading of a particular option or options generally. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events -- such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability -- were to interrupt its normal operations.

A market may at times find it necessary to impose restrictions on particular types of options transactions, such as opening transactions. For example, if an underlying security ceases to meet qualifications imposed by the market or the Options Clearing Corporation, new series of options on that security will no longer be opened to replace expiring series, and opening transactions in existing series may be prohibited. If an options market were to become unavailable, the fund as a holder of an option would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising the option, and the fund, as option writer, would remain obligated under the option until expiration or exercise.

Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by the fund could result in losses on the options. For example, if a fund is unable to purchase a security underlying a put option it had purchased, the fund may be unable to exercise the put option. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, the fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with considerable losses if trading in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In addition, the Options Clearing Corporation or other options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at the time when trading in the option has also been halted, the fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If the Options Clearing Corporation were to determine that the available supply of an underlying security appears insufficient to permit delivery by the writers of all outstanding calls in the event of exercise, it may prohibit indefinitely the exercise of put options. The fund, as holder of such a put option, could lose its entire investment if it is unable to exercise the put option prior to its expiration.

Foreign-traded options are subject to many of the same risks presented by internationally-traded securities. In addition, because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.

Over-the-counter ("OTC") options purchased by the fund and assets held to cover OTC options written by the fund may, under certain circumstances, be considered illiquid securities for purposes of any limitation on the fund's ability to invest in illiquid securities. The fund may use both European-style options, which are only exercisable immediately prior to their expiration, and American-style options, which are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date.

In addition to options on securities and futures, the fund may also enter into options on futures, swaps, or other instruments as described elsewhere in this SAI.

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Preferred Stocks and Convertible Securities

The fund may invest in preferred stocks or convertible securities. A preferred stock generally pays dividends at a specified rate and has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of an issuer's assets but is junior to the debt securities of the issuer in those same respects. The market prices of preferred stocks are subject to changes in interest rates and are more sensitive to changes in an issuer's creditworthiness than are the prices of debt securities. Shareholders of preferred stock may suffer a loss of value if dividends are not paid. Under ordinary circumstances, preferred stock does not carry voting rights. In addition, many preferred stocks may be called or redeemed prior to their maturity by the issuer under certain conditions.

Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks and other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for, at a specific price or formula within a particular period of time, a prescribed amount of common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid or accrued on preferred stock until the security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its "investment value" and its "conversion value." A security's "investment value" represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible fixed income security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer and the seniority of the security in the issuer's capital structure. A security's "conversion value" is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security.

If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stocks.

The fund's investments in convertible securities may at times include securities that have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities at a specified date and a specified conversion ratio, or that are convertible at the option of the issuer. Because conversion of the security is not at the option of the holder, the fund may be required to convert the security into the underlying common stock even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially.

The fund's investments in preferred stocks and convertible securities, particularly securities that are convertible into securities of an issuer other than the issuer of the convertible security, may be illiquid. The fund may not be able to dispose of such securities in a timely fashion or for a fair price, which could result in losses to the fund.

Private Placements and Restricted Securities

The fund may invest in securities that are purchased in private placements and, accordingly, are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such investments, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when Putnam Management believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at

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prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the fund's net asset value.

While such private placements may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market, the securities so purchased are often "restricted securities," i.e., securities which cannot be sold to the public without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or which are "not readily marketable" because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale.

The absence of a trading market can make it difficult to ascertain a market value for illiquid investments. Disposing of illiquid investments may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. The fund may have to bear the extra expense of registering such securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting such registration. In addition, market quotations are less readily available. The judgment of Putnam Management may at times play a greater role in valuing these securities than in the case of publicly traded securities. Generally speaking, restricted securities may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers, or in a privately negotiated transaction to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration, or in a public offering for which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act. The fund may be deemed to be an "underwriter" for purposes of the Securities Act when selling restricted securities to the public, and in such event the fund may be liable to purchasers of such securities if the registration statement prepared by the issuer, or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading. The SEC Staff currently takes the view that any delegation by the Trustees of the authority to determine that a restricted security is readily marketable (as described in the investment restrictions of the funds) must be pursuant to written procedures established by the Trustees and the Trustees have delegated such authority to Putnam Management.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

The fund may invest in REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate related loans. Like regulated investment companies such as the fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided that they comply with certain requirements under the Code. The fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the fund’s own expenses.

REITs involve certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general (such as possible declines in the value of real estate, lack of availability of mortgage funds, or extended vacancies of property). REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the risk of borrower default, the likelihood of which is increased for mortgage REITs that invest in sub-prime mortgages. REITs, and mortgage REITs in particular, are also subject to interest rate risk. REITs are dependent upon their operators’ management skills, are generally not diversified (except to the extent the Code requires), and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency and the risk of default by borrowers. REITs are also subject to the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code or failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities.

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The fund's investment in a REIT may require the fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received or may result in the fund making distributions that constitute a return of capital to fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes or may require the fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, distributions by a fund from REITs will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction, or, generally, for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Redeemable Securities

Certain securities held by the fund may permit the issuer at its option to "call" or redeem its securities. If an issuer were to redeem securities held by the fund during a time of declining interest rates, the fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds in securities providing the same investment return as the securities redeemed.

Repurchase Agreements

Each fund may enter into repurchase agreements amounting to not more than 25% of its total assets, except that this 25% limitation does not apply to repurchase agreements entered into in connection with short sales and to investments by a money market fund and Putnam Short Term Investment Fund. Money market funds and Putnam Short Term Investment Fund may invest without limit in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the fund, the buyer under the contract, acquires a security subject to the obligation of the seller (or repurchase agreement counterparty) to repurchase, and the fund to resell, the security at a fixed time and price, which represents the fund's cost plus interest (or, for repurchase agreements under which the fund acquires a security and then sells it short, the fund’s cost of “borrowing” the security). A repurchase agreement with a stated maturity of longer than one week is considered an illiquid investment. It is the fund's present intention to enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and registered broker-dealers. The fund may enter into repurchase agreements, including with respect to securities it wishes to sell short. See “Short Sales” in this SAI. Certain of the repurchase agreements related to securities sold short may provide that, at the option of the fund, settlement may be made by delivery of cash equal to the difference between (a) the sum of (i) the market value of the securities sold short at the time the repurchase agreement is closed out and (ii) transaction costs associated with the acquisition in the market by the repurchase agreement counterparty of the securities sold short and (b) the repurchase price specified in the repurchase agreement.

The fund may be exposed to the credit risk of the repurchase agreement counterparty (or seller) in the event that the counterparty is unable to close out the repurchase agreement in accordance with its terms. If the seller defaults, the fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the proceeds of the sale including accrued interest are less than the resale price provided in the agreement including interest. In addition, if the seller should be involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, the fund may incur delay and costs in selling the underlying security or may suffer a loss of principal and interest if the fund is treated as an unsecured creditor and required to return the underlying collateral to the seller's estate.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, the fund may transfer uninvested cash balances into a joint account, along with cash of other Putnam funds and certain other accounts. These balances may be invested in one or more repurchase agreements and/or short-term money market instruments.

The fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund sells portfolio assets subject to an agreement by the fund to repurchase the same assets at an agreed upon price and date. The fund can use the proceeds received from entering into a reverse repurchase agreement to make additional investments, which generally causes the fund’s portfolio to behave as if it were leveraged. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the fund may be unable to recover the securities it sold and as a result would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of those securities and the payment it received for them. The size of this loss will depend upon the difference between what the buyer paid for the securities the fund sold to it and the value of those securities (e.g., a buyer may pay $95 for a bond with a market value of $100). In the event of a buyer’s bankruptcy or insolvency, the fund’s use of

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proceeds from the sale of its securities may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the fund’s right to repurchase the securities. The fund’s use of reverse repurchase agreements also subjects the fund to interest costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of a security involved in such a transaction. Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as over-the-counter derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty to the reverse repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected.

Securities Loans

The fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities, on either a short-term or long-term basis, amounting to not more than 25% of its total assets, thereby realizing additional income. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. If a borrower defaults, the value of the collateral may decline before the fund can dispose of it. As a matter of policy, securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of cash or short-term debt obligations at least equal at all times to the value of the securities on loan, "marked-to-market" daily. The borrower pays to the fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities lent. The fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so to enable the fund to exercise voting rights on any matters materially affecting the investment. The fund may also call such loans in order to sell the securities. The fund may pay fees in connection with arranging loans of its portfolio securities.

Securities of Other Investment Companies

Securities of other investment companies, including shares of open- and closed-end investment companies and unit investment trusts (which may include exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)), represent interests in collective investment portfolios that, in turn, invest directly in underlying instruments. The fund may invest in other investment companies when it has more uninvested cash than Putnam Management believes is advisable, when it receives cash collateral from securities lending arrangements, when there is a shortage of direct investments available, or when Putnam Management believes that investment companies offer attractive values.

Investment companies may be structured to perform in a similar fashion to a broad-based securities index or may focus on a particular strategy or class of assets. ETFs typically seek to track the performance or dividend yield of specific indexes or companies in related industries. These indexes may be broad-based, sector-based or international. Investing in investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but also involves expenses at the investment company-level, such as portfolio management fees and operating expenses. These expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses of the fund itself, which may lead to duplication of expenses while the fund owns another investment company’s shares. In addition, investing in investment companies involves the risk that they will not perform in exactly the same fashion, or in response to the same factors, as the underlying instruments or index. To the extent the fund invests in other investment companies that are professionally managed, its performance will also depend on the investment and research abilities of investment managers other than Putnam Management.

Open-end investment companies typically offer their shares continuously at net asset value plus any applicable sales charge and stand ready to redeem shares upon shareholder request. The shares of certain other types of investment companies, such as ETFs and closed-end investment companies, typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. In the case of closed-end investment companies, the number of shares is typically fixed. The securities of closed-end investment companies and ETFs carry the risk that the price the fund pays or receives may be higher or lower than the investment

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company’s net asset value. ETFs and closed-end investment companies are also subject to certain additional risks, including the risks of illiquidity and of possible trading halts due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the relevant exchange. The shares of investment companies, particularly closed-end investment companies, may also be leveraged, which would increase the volatility of the fund’s net asset value.

The extent to which the fund can invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, is generally limited by federal securities laws. For more information regarding the tax treatment of ETFs, please see “Taxes” below.

Short Sales

The fund may engage in short sales of securities either as a hedge against potential declines in value of a portfolio security or to realize appreciation when a security that the fund does not own declines in value. Short sales are transactions in which the fund sells a security it does not own to a third party by borrowing the security in anticipation of purchasing the same security at the market price on a later date to close out the short position. The fund may also engage in short sales by entering into a repurchase agreement with respect to the security it wishes to sell short. See “– Repurchase Agreements” in this SAI. The fund will incur a gain if the price of the security declines between the date of the short sale and the date on which the fund replaces the borrowed security (or closes out the related repurchase agreement); and the fund will incur a loss if the price of the security increases between those dates. Such a loss is theoretically unlimited since the potential increase in the market price of the security sold short is not limited. Until the security is replaced, the fund must pay the lender (or repurchase agreement counterparty) any dividends or interest that accrues during the period of the loan (or repurchase agreement). To borrow (or enter into a repurchase agreement with respect to) the security, the fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The fund’s successful use of short sales is subject to Putnam Management’s ability to accurately predict movements in the market price of the security sold short. Short selling may involve financial leverage because the fund is exposed both to changes in the market price of the security sold short and to changes in the value of securities purchased with the proceeds of the short sale, effectively leveraging its assets. Under adverse market conditions, a fund may have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and may be required to close out its short position at a time when the fund would not choose to do so, and may therefore have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations may not favor such sales. While the fund has an open short position, it will segregate, by appropriate notation on its books or the books of its custodian, cash or liquid assets at least equal in value to the market value of the securities sold short. The segregated amount will be “marked-to-market” daily. Because of this segregation, the fund does not consider these transactions to be “senior securities” for purposes of the 1940 Act. In connection with short sale transactions, the fund may be required to pledge certain additional assets for the benefit of the securities lender (or repurchase agreement counterparty) and the fund may, while such assets remain pledged, be limited in its ability to invest those assets in accordance with the fund’s investment strategies.

Certain of the repurchase agreements related to securities sold short may provide that, at the option of the fund, in lieu of delivering the securities sold short, settlement may be made by delivery of cash equal to the difference between (a) the sum of (i) the market value of the securities sold short at the time the repurchase agreement is closed out and (ii) transaction costs associated with the acquisition in the market by the repurchase agreement counterparty of the securities sold short and (b) the repurchase price specified in the repurchase agreement. Because that cash amount represents the fund’s maximum loss in the event of the insolvency of the counterparty, the fund will, except where the local market practice for foreign securities to be sold short requires payment prior to delivery of such securities, treat such amount, rather than the full notional amount of the repurchase agreement, as its “investment” in securities of the counterparty for purposes of all applicable investment restrictions, including its fundamental policy with respect to diversification.

Short-term Trading

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In seeking the fund's objective(s), Putnam Management will buy or sell portfolio securities whenever Putnam Management believes it appropriate to do so. From time to time the fund will buy securities intending to seek short-term trading profits. A change in the securities held by the fund is known as "portfolio turnover" and generally involves some expense to the fund. This expense may include brokerage commissions or dealer markups and other transaction costs on both the sale of securities and the reinvestment of the proceeds in other securities. If sales of portfolio securities cause the fund to realize net short-term capital gains, such gains will be taxable as ordinary income when distributed to taxable individual shareholders. As a result of the fund's investment policies, under certain market conditions the fund's portfolio turnover rate may be higher than that of other mutual funds. Portfolio turnover rate for a fiscal year is the ratio of the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities to the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities -- excluding securities whose maturities at acquisition were one year or less. The fund's portfolio turnover rate is not a limiting factor when Putnam Management considers a change in the fund's portfolio.

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies

The fund may invest in stock, warrants, and other securities of special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) or similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities. Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (less a portion retained to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market securities and cash; if an acquisition that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the entity’s shareholders. Because SPACs and similar entities are in essence blank check companies without an operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. In addition, these securities, which are typically traded in the over-the-counter market, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale.

Structured Investments

A structured investment is a security having a return tied to an underlying index or other security or asset class. Structured investments generally are individually negotiated agreements and may be traded over-the-counter. Structured investments are organized and operated to restructure the investment characteristics of the underlying security. This restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, or specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans) and the issuance by that entity or one or more classes of securities (“structured securities”) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Because structured securities typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured securities are generally of a class of structured securities that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured securities. Structured securities are typically sold in private placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for structured securities. Investments in government and government-related and restructured debt instruments are subject to special risks, including the inability or unwillingness to repay principal and interest, requests to reschedule or restructure outstanding debt and requests to extend additional loan amounts.

Swap Agreements

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The fund may enter into swap agreements and other types of over-the-counter transactions such as caps, floors and collars with broker-dealers or other financial institutions for hedging or investment purposes. A swap involves the exchange by the fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index or other underlying financial measure exceeds a predetermined value on a predetermined date or dates, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index or other underlying financial measure falls or other underlying measure below a predetermined value on a predetermined date or dates, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.

Swap agreements and similar transactions can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structures, swap agreements may increase or decrease the fund's exposure to long-or short-term interest rates (in the United States or abroad), foreign currency values, mortgage securities, mortgage rates, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices, inflation rates or the volatility of an index or one or more securities. For example, if the fund agrees to exchange payments in U.S. dollars for payments in a non-U.S. currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease the fund's exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to that non-U.S. currency and interest rates. The fund may also engage in total return swaps, in which payments made by the fund or the counterparty are based on the total return of a particular reference asset or assets (such as an equity or fixed-income security, a combination of such securities, or an index). A swap agreement may be structured with reference to an index of securities that is created and maintained by the swap counterparty. The fund may also enter into swap agreements on futures contracts including, but not limited to, index futures contracts. Swap agreements on futures contracts are generally subject to the same risks involved in the fund’s use of futures contracts, in addition to the risks involved in the fund’s use of swap agreements. See “—Futures Contracts and Related Options.” A total return swap, or a swap on a futures contract, may add leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to an underlying asset or market where the fund does not own or take physical custody of such asset or invest directly in such market.

The fund’s ability to realize a profit from such transactions will depend on the ability of the financial institutions with which it enters into the transactions to meet their obligations to the fund. If a counterparty's creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty's insolvency. If the returns of an index upon which a swap is based are unavailable or cannot be calculated (including where the index is created and maintained by the swap counterparty), the fund may experience difficulty in valuing the swap or in determining the amounts owed to or by the counterparty, regardless of whether the counterparty has defaulted. Under certain circumstances, suitable transactions may not be available to the fund, or the fund may be unable to close out its position under such transactions at the same time, or at the same price, as if it had purchased comparable publicly traded securities.

The fund may also enter into options on swap agreements ("swaptions"). A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. Swaptions are generally subject to the same risks involved in the fund’s use of options. See “—Options on Securities.”

A credit default swap is an agreement between the fund and a counterparty that enables the fund to buy or sell protection against a credit event related to a particular issuer. One party, acting as a “protection buyer,” makes periodic payments to the other party, a “protection seller,” in exchange for a promise by the protection seller to

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make a payment to the protection buyer if a negative credit event (such as a delinquent payment or default) occurs with respect to a referenced bond or group of bonds. Credit default swaps may also be structured based on the debt of a basket of issuers, rather than a single issuer, and may be customized with respect to the default event that triggers purchase or other factors (for example, the Nth default within a basket, or defaults by a particular combination of issuers within the basket, may trigger a payment obligation). The fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As a credit protection seller in a credit default swap contract, the fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or non-U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return for its obligation, the fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

The fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of the debt of a particular issuer or basket of issuers or profit from changes in the creditworthiness of the particular issuer(s) (also known as “buying credit protection”). In these cases, the fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer(s) of the underlying obligation(s) (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve the risk that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the fund in the event of a default. The purchase of credit default swaps involves costs, which will reduce the fund’s return.

Tax-exempt Securities

General description. As used in this SAI, the term "Tax-exempt Securities" includes debt obligations issued by a state, its political subdivisions (for example, counties, cities, towns, villages, districts and authorities) and their agencies, instrumentalities or other governmental units, the interest from which is, in the opinion of bond counsel, exempt from federal income tax and (if applicable) the corresponding state’s personal income tax. Such obligations are issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, streets and water and sewer works. Other public purposes for which Tax-exempt Securities may be issued include the refunding of outstanding obligations or the payment of general operating expenses.

Short-term Tax-exempt Securities are generally issued by state and local governments and public authorities as interim financing in anticipation of tax collections, revenue receipts or bond sales to finance such public purposes.

In addition, certain types of "private activity" bonds may be issued by public authorities to finance projects such as privately operated housing facilities; certain local facilities for supplying water, gas or electricity; sewage or solid waste disposal facilities; student loans; or public or private institutions for the construction of educational, hospital, housing and other facilities. Such obligations are included within the term Tax-exempt Securities if the interest paid thereon is, in the opinion of bond counsel, exempt from federal income tax and (if applicable) state personal income tax (such interest may, however, be subject to federal alternative minimum tax). Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, repair or improvement of, or to obtain equipment for, privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may also constitute Tax-exempt Securities, although the current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues.

Tax-exempt Securities share many of the structural features and risks of other bonds, as described elsewhere in this SAI. For example, the fund may purchase callable Tax-exempt Securities, zero-coupon Tax-exempt Securities, or “stripped” Tax-exempt Securities, which entail additional risks. The fund may also purchase structured or asset-backed Tax-exempt Securities, such as the securities (including preferred stock) of special purpose entities that hold interests in the Tax-exempt Securities of one or more issuers and issue “tranched”

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securities that are entitled to receive payments based on the cash flows from those underlying securities. See “—Redeemable securities,” “—Zero-coupon and Payment-in-kind Bonds,” “—Structured investments,” and “—Mortgage-backed and Asset-backed Securities” in this SAI. Structured Tax-exempt Securities may involve increased risk that the interest received by the fund may not be exempt from federal or state income tax, or that such interest may result in liability for the alternative minimum tax for shareholders of the fund. For example, in certain cases, the issuers of certain securities held by a special purpose entity may not have received an unqualified opinion of bond counsel that the interest from the securities will be exempt from federal income tax and (if applicable) the corresponding state’s personal income tax.

The amount of information about the financial condition of an issuer of Tax-exempt Securities may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded. As a result, the achievement of the fund's goals is more dependent on Putnam Management's investment analysis than would be the case if the fund were investing in securities of better-known issuers.

Escrow-secured or pre-refunded bonds. These securities are created when an issuer uses the proceeds from a new bond issue to buy high grade, interest-bearing debt securities, generally direct obligations of the U.S. government, in order to redeem (or “pre-refund”), before maturity, an outstanding bond issue that is not immediately callable. These securities are then deposited in an irrevocable escrow account held by a trustee bank to secure all future payments of principal and interest on the pre-refunded bond until that bond’s call date. Pre-refunded bonds often receive an ‘AAA’ or equivalent rating. Because pre-refunded bonds still bear the same interest rate, and have a very high credit quality, their price may increase. However, as the original bond approaches its call date, the bond's price will fall to its call price.

Residual interest bonds. The fund may invest in residual interest bonds, which are created by depositing municipal securities in a trust and dividing the income stream of an underlying municipal bond in two parts, one, a variable rate security and the other, a residual interest bond. The interest rate for the variable rate security is determined by an index or a periodic auction process, while the residual interest bond holder receives the balance of the income from the underlying municipal bond less an auction fee. The market prices of residual interest bonds may be highly sensitive to changes in market rates and may decrease significantly when market rates increase.

Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. The fund may invest in tobacco settlement revenue bonds, which are secured by an issuing state’s proportionate share of payments under the Master Settlement Agreement (“MSA”). The MSA is an agreement that was reached out of court in November 1998 between 46 states and six U.S. jurisdictions and tobacco manufacturers representing an overwhelming majority of U.S. market share. The MSA provides for annual payments by the manufacturers to the states and jurisdictions in perpetuity in exchange for releasing all claims against the manufacturers and a pledge of no further litigation. The MSA established a base payment schedule and a formula for adjusting payments each year. Tobacco manufacturers pay into a master escrow trust based on their market share, and each state receives a fixed percentage of the payment as set forth in the MSA. Within some states, certain localities may in turn be allocated a specific portion of the state’s MSA payment pursuant to an arrangement with the state.

A number of state and local governments have securitized the future flow of payments under the MSA by selling bonds pursuant to indentures, some through distinct governmental entities created for such purpose. The bonds are backed by the future revenue flow that is used for principal and interest payments on the bonds. Annual payments on the bonds, and thus risk to the fund, are dependent on the receipt of future settlement payments by the state or its instrumentality. The actual amount of future settlement payments may vary based on, among other things, annual domestic cigarette shipments, inflation, the financial capability of participating tobacco companies, and certain offsets for disputed payments. Payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be reduced if cigarette shipments continue to decline below the base levels used in establishing manufacturers’ payment obligations under the MSA. Demand for cigarettes in the U.S. could continue to decline based on many factors, including, without limitation, anti-smoking campaigns, tax increases, price increases implemented to

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recoup the cost of payments by tobacco companies under the MSA, reduced ability to advertise, enforcement of laws prohibiting sales to minors, elimination of certain sales venues such as vending machines, and the spread of local ordinances restricting smoking in public places.

Because tobacco settlement bonds are backed by payments from the tobacco manufacturers, and generally not by the credit of the state or local government issuing the bonds, their creditworthiness depends on the ability of tobacco manufacturers to meet their obligations. The bankruptcy of an MSA-participating manufacturer could cause delays or reductions in bond payments, which would affect the fund’s net asset value. Under the MSA, a market share loss by MSA-participating tobacco manufacturers to non-MSA participating manufacturers would also cause a downward adjustment in the payment amounts under some circumstances.

The MSA and tobacco manufacturers have been and continue to be subject to various legal claims, including, among others, claims that the MSA violates federal antitrust law. In addition, the United States Department of Justice has alleged in a civil lawsuit that the major tobacco companies defrauded and misled the American public about the health risks associated with smoking cigarettes. An adverse outcome to this lawsuit or to any other litigation matters or regulatory actions relating to the MSA or affecting tobacco manufacturers could adversely affect the payment streams associated with the MSA or cause delays or reductions in bond payments by tobacco manufacturers.

In addition to the risks described above, tobacco settlement revenue bonds are subject to other risks described in this SAI, including the risks of asset-backed securities discussed under “Mortgage-backed and Asset-backed Securities.”

Participation interests (Money Market Funds only). The money market funds may invest in Tax-exempt Securities either by purchasing them directly or by purchasing certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing direct ownership of interest payments or principal payments, or both, on Tax-exempt Securities, provided that, in the opinion of counsel, any discount accruing on a certificate or instrument that is purchased at a yield not greater than the coupon rate of interest on the related Tax-exempt Securities will be exempt from federal income tax to the same extent as interest on the Tax-exempt Securities. The money market funds may also invest in Tax-exempt Securities by purchasing from banks participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of Tax-exempt Securities. These participations may be backed in whole or in part by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling bank. The selling bank may receive a fee from the money market funds in connection with the arrangement. The money market funds will not purchase such participation interests unless it receives an opinion of counsel or a ruling of the IRS that interest earned by it on Tax-exempt Securities in which it holds such participation interests is exempt from federal income tax. No money market fund expects to invest more than 5% of its assets in participation interests.

Stand-by commitments. When the fund purchases Tax-exempt Securities, it has the authority to acquire stand-by commitments from banks and broker-dealers with respect to those Tax-exempt Securities. A stand-by commitment may be considered a security independent of the Tax-exempt security to which it relates. The amount payable by a bank or dealer during the time a stand-by commitment is exercisable, absent unusual circumstances, would be substantially the same as the market value of the underlying Tax-exempt security to a third party at any time. The fund expects that stand-by commitments generally will be available without the payment of direct or indirect consideration. The fund does not expect to assign any value to stand-by commitments.

Yields. The yields on Tax-exempt Securities depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, effective marginal tax rates, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the Tax-exempt security market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The ratings of nationally recognized securities rating agencies represent their opinions as to the credit quality of the Tax-exempt Securities which they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, Tax-exempt Securities with the

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same maturity and interest rate but with different ratings may have the same yield. Yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates and may be due to such factors as changes in the overall demand or supply of various types of Tax-exempt Securities or changes in the investment objectives of investors. Subsequent to purchase by the fund, an issue of Tax-exempt Securities or other investments may cease to be rated, or its rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for purchase by the fund. Putnam Management will consider such an event in its determination of whether the fund should continue to hold an investment in its portfolio. Downgrades of Tax-exempt Securities held by a money market fund may require the fund to sell such securities, potentially at a loss.

"Moral obligation" bonds. The fund may invest in so-called “moral obligation” bonds, where repayment of the bond is backed by a moral (but not legally binding) commitment of an entity other than the issuer, such as a state legislature, to pay. Such a commitment may be in addition to the legal commitment of the issuer to repay the bond or may represent the only payment obligation with respect to the bond (where, for example, no amount has yet been specifically appropriated to pay the bond. See “—Municipal leases” below.)

Municipal leases. The fund may acquire participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (collectively, “lease obligations”) of municipal authorities or entities. Lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged. Certain of these lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, the fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property, and in any event, foreclosure of that property might prove difficult.

Additional risks. Securities in which the fund may invest, including Tax-exempt Securities, are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the federal Bankruptcy Code (including special provisions related to municipalities and other public entities), and laws, if any, that may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power, ability or willingness of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their Tax-exempt Securities may be materially affected.

From time to time, legislation may be introduced or litigation may arise that may restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on debt obligations issued by states and their political subdivisions. Federal tax laws limit the types and amounts of tax-exempt bonds issuable for certain purposes, especially industrial development bonds and private activity bonds. Such limits may affect the future supply and yields of these types of Tax-exempt Securities. Further proposals limiting the issuance of Tax-exempt Securities may well be introduced in the future. If it appeared that the availability of Tax-exempt Securities for investment by the fund and the value of the fund's portfolio could be materially affected by such changes in law, the Trustees of the fund would reevaluate its goal and policies and consider changes in the structure of the fund or its dissolution. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers for the current law on tax-exempt bonds and securities.

Warrants

The fund may invest in warrants, which are instruments that give the fund the right to purchase certain securities from an issuer at a specific price (the “strike price”) for a limited period of time. The strike price of warrants typically is much lower than the current market price of the underlying securities, yet they are subject to similar price fluctuations. As a result, warrants may be more volatile investments than the underlying securities and may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities and do not represent any rights in the assets of

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the issuing company. Also, the value of the warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to the expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.

In addition to warrants on securities, the fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values vary depending on the change in the value of one or more specified securities indices ("index warrants"). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of exercise. In general, if the value of the underlying index rises above the exercise price of the index warrant, the holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the value of the index and the exercise price of the warrant; if the value of the underlying index falls, the holder of a put warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrant and the value of the index. The holder of a warrant would not be entitled to any payments from the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call warrant, the exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying index, or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than the value of the underlying index. If the fund were not to exercise an index warrant prior to its expiration, then the fund would lose the amount of the purchase price paid by it for the warrant.

The fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the fund's use of index warrants are generally similar to those relating to its use of index options. Unlike most index options, however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than index options. Index warrants are not likely to be as liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit the fund's ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such quantities, as the fund would otherwise wish to do.

Zero-coupon and Payment-in-kind Bonds

The fund may invest without limit in so-called "zero-coupon" bonds and "payment-in-kind" bonds. Zero-coupon bonds are issued at a significant discount from their principal amount in lieu of paying interest periodically. Payment-in-kind bonds allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds. Because zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds do not pay current interest in cash, their value is subject to greater fluctuation in response to changes in market interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently. Both zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds allow an issuer to avoid the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments. Accordingly, such bonds may involve greater credit risks than bonds paying interest currently in cash. The fund is required to accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such amounts at least annually to shareholders even though such bonds do not pay current interest in cash. Thus, it may be necessary at times for the fund to liquidate investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements under the Code.

TAXES

The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on the Code, existing U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this SAI. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the fund. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.

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Taxation of the fund. The fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the fund must, among other things:

(a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and (ii) net income from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined below);

(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the fund’s total assets is invested (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and

(c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid—generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt interest income, for such year.

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income of a regulated investment company derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (i) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (ii) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Code section 7704(c)(2). In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

For purposes of the diversification test in paragraph (b) above, identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular fund investment will depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the fund’s ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above. Also, for the purposes of the diversification test in paragraph (b) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

If the fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).

If the fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described above, the fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure

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for any year, or were otherwise to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, and may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, that the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the fund’s shares (as described below). In addition, the fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

The fund intends to distribute at least annually to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and its net tax-exempt income (if any). The fund may distribute its net capital gain. Investment company taxable income (which is retained by the fund) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates. The fund may also retain for investment its net capital gain. If the fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who will be (i) required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the fund on such undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the fund makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance the fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income and its earnings and profits, a regulated investment company may also elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

If the fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount generally equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount from the prior year, the fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid by the fund on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so.

The fund distributes its net investment income and capital gains to shareholders as dividends at least annually to the extent required to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code and generally to avoid federal

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income or excise tax. Under current law, provided it is not treated as a “personal holding company” for federal income tax purposes, the fund is permitted to treat the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the fund’s accumulated earnings and profits as a dividend on the fund’s tax return. This practice, which involves the use of tax equalization, will have the effect of reducing the amount of income and gains that the fund is required to distribute as dividends to shareholders in order for the fund to avoid federal income tax and excise tax. This practice may also reduce the amount of distributions required to be made to non-redeeming shareholders and the amount of any undistributed income will be reflected in the value of the shares of the fund; the total return on a shareholder’s investment will not be reduced as a result of this distribution policy.

Fund distributions. Distributions from the fund (other than exempt-interest dividends, as discussed below) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income to the extent derived from the fund’s investment income and net short-term capital gains. Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares of the fund or other Putnam funds.

Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. In general, the fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned for one year or less. Tax rules can alter the fund’s holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss on such investments. Distributions of net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards) that are properly reported by the fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be treated as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Investors who purchase shares shortly before the record date of a distribution will pay the full price for the shares and then receive some portion of the price back as a taxable distribution.

Section 1411 of the Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. The details of the implementation of this tax remain subject to future guidance. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the fund of net investment income and capital gains (other than exempt-interest dividends) as described herein, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the fund.

Distributions of investment income reported by the fund as “qualified dividend income” received by an individual will be taxed at the reduced rates applicable to net capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by a fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the fund’s shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the fund or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, on the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a passive foreign investment company. Each fund, other than

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fixed-income and money market funds, generally expects to report eligible dividends as qualified dividend income.

In general, distributions of investment income reported by the fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to such fund’s shares. In any event, if the aggregate qualified dividends received by the fund during any taxable year are 95% or more of its gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the fund’s dividends (other than dividends properly reported as Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

In general, fixed-income and money market funds receive interest, rather than dividends, from their portfolio securities. As a result, it is not currently expected that any significant portion of such funds’ distributions to shareholders will be derived from qualified dividend income. For information regarding qualified dividend income received from underlying funds, see “Funds of funds” below.

In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the fund will qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations only to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by the fund will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the fund has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent that the fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the fund or (2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). For information regarding eligibility for the dividends-received deduction of dividend income derived from an underlying fund, see “Funds of funds” below.

Exempt-interest dividends. A fund will be qualified to pay exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders if, at the close of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the total value of the fund’s assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax under Section 103(a) of the Code. In some cases, the fund may also pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of any exempt-interest dividends it receives from underlying funds in which it invests (see “Funds of funds,” below). Distributions that the fund reports as exempt-interest dividends are treated as interest excludable from shareholders’ gross income for federal income tax purposes but may be taxable for federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) purposes and for state and local purposes. If the fund intends to qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, the fund may be limited in its ability to enter into taxable transactions involving forward commitments, repurchase agreements, financial futures and options contracts on financial futures, tax-exempt bond indices and other assets.

Part or all of the interest on indebtedness, if any, incurred or continued by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the fund paying exempt-interest dividends is not deductible. The portion of interest that is not deductible is equal to the total interest paid or accrued on the indebtedness, multiplied by the percentage of the fund’s total distributions (not including distributions from net long-term capital gains) paid to the shareholder that are exempt-interest dividends. Under rules used by the IRS to determine when borrowed funds are considered used for the purpose of purchasing or carrying particular assets, the purchase of shares may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not directly traceable to the purchase of shares.

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In general, exempt-interest dividends, if any, attributable to interest received on certain private activity obligations and certain industrial development bonds will not be tax-exempt to any shareholders who are “substantial users” of the facilities financed by such obligations or bonds or who are “related persons” of such substantial users.

A fund that is qualified to pay exempt-interest dividends will notify its shareholders in a written statement of the portion of distributions for the taxable year that constitutes exempt-interest dividends.

Exempt-interest dividends may be taxable for purposes of the federal AMT. For individual shareholders, exempt-interest dividends that are derived from interest on private activity bonds that are issued after August 7, 1986 (other than a “qualified 501(c)(3) bond,” as such term is defined in the Code) generally must be included in an individual’s tax base for purposes of calculating the shareholder’s liability for federal AMT. Corporate shareholders will be required to include all exempt-interest dividends in determining their federal AMT. The AMT calculation for corporations is based, in part, on a corporation’s earnings and profits for the year. A corporation must include all exempt-interest dividends in calculating its earnings and profits for the year. Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund intends to distribute exempt-interest dividends that will not be taxable for federal AMT purposes for individuals. It intends to make such distributions by investing in Tax-exempt Securities other than private activity bonds that are issued after August 7, 1986 (other than “qualified 501(c)(3) bonds,” as such term is defined in the Code). Because corporate shareholders are required to include all exempt-interest dividends in determining their federal AMT, exempt-interest dividends distributed by Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund will be taxable for purposes of the federal AMT.

Funds of funds. If the fund invests in shares of underlying funds, a portion of its distributable income and gains will consist of distributions from the underlying funds and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of the underlying funds. To the extent that an underlying fund realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses (so as to offset distributions of net income or capital gains from other underlying funds) until it disposes of shares of the underlying fund or those losses reduce distributions required to be made by the underlying fund. Moreover, even when the fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction. In particular, the fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of underlying fund shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized by an underlying fund). As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that the fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be greater than such amounts would have been had the fund invested directly in the securities held by the underlying funds, rather than investing in shares of the underlying funds. For similar reasons, the amount or timing of distributions from the fund qualifying for treatment as being of a particular character (e.g., as long-term capital gain, exempt interest, eligible for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the fund invested directly in the securities held by the underlying funds. In addition, in certain circumstances, the “wash sale” rules under Section 1091 of the Code may apply to the fund’s sales of underlying fund shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs if shares of an underlying fund are sold by the fund at a loss and the fund acquires additional shares of that same underlying fund 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale rules could defer losses in the fund’s hands on sales of underlying fund shares (to the extent such sales are wash sales) for extended (and, in certain cases, potentially indefinite) periods of time.

If the fund receives dividends from an underlying fund that qualifies as a regulated investment company, and the underlying fund reports such dividends as “qualified dividend income,” then the fund may, in turn, report a portion of its distributions as “qualified dividend income” as well, provided the fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the underlying fund.

If the fund receives dividends from an underlying fund and the underlying fund reports such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the fund is permitted, in turn, to designate a portion of its distributions

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as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, provided the fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the underlying fund.

If, at the close of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consists of interests in other regulated investment companies (such fund, a “qualified fund of funds”), the fund will be permitted to distribute exempt-interest dividends and thereby pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of any exempt-interest dividends it receives from underlying funds in which it invests, or interest on any tax-exempt obligations in which it directly invests, if any. For further information regarding exempt-interest dividends, see “Exempt-interest dividends,” above.

If the fund is a qualified fund of funds, the fund will be entitled to elect to pass through to its shareholders a credit or deduction for foreign taxes (if any) borne in respect of foreign securities income earned by the fund, or by any underlying funds and passed through to the fund. If the fund so elects, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes, if any, treated as paid by the fund. Even if the fund is eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. If the fund elects to pass through to its shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions, tax-exempt shareholders and those who invest in the fund through tax-advantaged accounts such as IRAs will not benefit from any such tax credit or deduction. See “Foreign taxes” below for more information.

Derivatives, hedging and related transactions; certain exposure to commodities. In general, option premiums received by the fund are not immediately included in the income of the fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the fund is exercised and the fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the fund minus (b) the fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the fund generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the fund expires unexercised, the fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

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Certain covered call writing activities of the fund may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to “substantially similar or related property,” to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not “deep in the money” may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

In general, 40% of the gain or loss arising from the closing out of a futures contract traded on an exchange approved by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission is treated as short-term gain or loss, and 60% is treated as long-term gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, such contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

In addition to the special rules described above in respect of options and futures transactions, the fund’s derivative transactions, including transactions in options, futures contracts, straddles, securities loan and other similar transactions, including for hedging purposes, will be subject to special tax rules (including constructive sale, mark-to-market, straddle, wash sale, and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses, or capital gains into ordinary income. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. The fund may make any applicable elections pertaining to such transactions consistent with the interests of the fund.

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

A fund’s use of commodity-linked derivatives can be limited by the fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company and can bear on its ability to so qualify. Income and gains from certain commodity-linked derivatives does not constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of certain other commodity-linked derivative instruments in which the fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company. If the fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the fund’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the fund would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the fund level.

The tax rules are uncertain with respect to the treatment of income or gains arising in respect of commodity-linked exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) and certain commodity-linked structured notes; also, the timing and character of income or gains arising from ETNs can be uncertain. An adverse determination or future

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guidance by the IRS (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect the fund’s ability to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and to avoid a fund-level tax.

To the extent that, in order to achieve exposure to commodities, the fund invests in entities that are treated as pass-through vehicles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including, for instance, certain ETFs (e.g., ETFs investing in gold bullion) and partnerships other than qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined earlier), all or a portion of any income and gains from such entities could constitute non-qualifying income to the fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above. In such a case, the fund’s investments in such entities could be limited by its intention to qualify as a regulated investment company and could bear on its ability to so qualify. Certain commodities-related ETFs may qualify as qualified publicly traded partnerships. In such cases, the net income derived from such investments will constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement. If, however, such a vehicle were to fail to qualify as a qualified publicly traded partnership in a particular year, a portion of the gross income derived from it in such year could constitute non-qualifying income to the fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement and thus could adversely affect the fund’s ability to qualify as a regulated investment company for a particular year. In addition, the diversification requirement described above for regulated investment company qualification will limit the fund’s investments in one or more vehicles that are qualified publicly traded partnerships to 25% of the fund’s total assets as of the close of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year.

Certain of the fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the fund's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If such a difference arises, and the fund’s book income is less than its taxable income (or, for tax-exempt funds, the sum of its net tax-exempt and taxable income), the fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment and to eliminate fund-level income tax. In the alternative, if the fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and tax-exempt income, the distribution (if any) of such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

Investments in REITs. If the fund invests in equity securities of real estate investment trusts qualifying as such under Subchapter M (“REITs”), such investments may require the fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. The fund’s investment in REIT equity securities may at other times result in the fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If the fund distributes such amounts, such distribution could constitute a return of capital to the fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction.

The fund may invest in REITs, including REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) (including by investing in residual interests in collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect), REITs that are themselves taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”) or REITs that invest in TMPs. Under a notice issued by the IRS in the fall of 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued, but apply retroactively, a portion of the fund’s income from a REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC or TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC or TMP residual interest directly. As a result, a fund investing in such interests may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts, as noted below.

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In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code. Any investment in residual interests of CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax problems, especially if the fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.

Under current law, a fund serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder will recognize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the fund if shares in the fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). Furthermore, a tax-exempt shareholder may recognize UBTI if the fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in REMIC residual interests or TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the fund exceeds the fund's investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the fund).

Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a charitable remainder trust (“CRT”), as defined in Section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in the fall of 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a fund that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a fund that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the fund.

Return of capital distributions. If the fund makes a distribution in and with respect to any taxable year to a shareholder in excess of the fund’s current and accumulated “earnings and profits,” the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholder’s tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.

Dividends and distributions on the fund’s shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. Distributions are taxable to a shareholder even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the fund prior to the shareholder’s investment (and thus included in the price paid by the shareholder).

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Securities issued or purchased at a discount. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that are acquired by the fund will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in the fund’s income (and required to be distributed by the fund) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the fund in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Alternatively, the fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the fund's income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the fund's income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that are acquired by the fund may be treated as having “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price) or OID. The fund will be required to include the acquisition discount or OID in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt obligations having acquisition discount or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

If the fund holds the foregoing kinds of securities, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the fund or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. These dispositions may cause the fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) and, in the event the fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than if the fund had not held such securities.

Securities purchased at a premium. Very generally, where the fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity (i.e., a premium), the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax-exempt bond, tax rules require the fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.

Higher-Risk Securities. The fund may invest to a significant extent in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default, present special tax issues for the fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether the fund should recognize market discount on a debt

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obligation and, if so, the amount of market discount the fund should recognize, when the fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

Capital loss carryforward. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the fund retains or distributes such gains. If a fund incurs or has incurred net capital losses in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (“post-2010 losses”), those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. If the fund incurred net capital losses in a taxable year beginning on or before December 22, 2010 (“pre-2011 losses”), the fund is permitted to carry such losses forward for eight taxable years; in the year to which they are carried forward, such losses are treated as short-term capital losses that first offset any short-term capital gains, and then offset long-term capital gains. The fund must use any post 2010 losses, which will not expire, before it uses any pre-2011 losses. This increases the likelihood that pre-2011 losses will expire unused at the conclusion of the eight-year carryforward period. The amounts and expiration dates, if any, of any capital loss carryovers available to the fund are shown in Note 1 (Federal income taxes) to the financial statements included in this Part II of the SAI or incorporated by reference into this SAI.

Foreign taxes. If more than 50% of the fund’s assets at year end consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by the fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. A qualified fund of funds also may elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign taxes it has paid or foreign taxes passed through to it by any underlying fund that itself elected to pass through such taxes to shareholders (see “Funds of funds” above). In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, as a result of which a shareholder may not get a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes. In particular, shareholders must hold their fund shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 additional days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a given dividend. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but no deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if the fund is eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. However, even if the fund elects to pass through to its shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions, tax-exempt shareholders and those who invest in the fund through tax-advantaged accounts such as IRAs will not benefit from any such tax credit or deduction.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Investments treated as equity for federal income tax purposes in certain “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could subject the fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on the proceeds from the disposition of its investment in such a company. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to fund shareholders; however, this tax can be avoided by making an election to mark such investments to market annually or to treat the passive foreign investment company as a “qualified electing fund.” The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount required to be distributed by the fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the fund to liquidate other investments to meet its distribution requirement, which may also accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the fund’s total return. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.” If the fund indirectly invests in PFICs by virtue of the fund’s investments in

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other funds, it may not make such PFIC elections; rather, the underlying funds directly investing in the PFICs would decide whether to make such elections.

Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, the fund may incur tax and interest charges in some instances.

A PFIC is any foreign corporation: (i) 75 percent or more of the income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50 percent. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.

Foreign currency-denominated securities and related hedging transactions. The fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.

Sale or redemption of shares. The sale, exchange or redemption of fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise the gain or loss on the sale, exchange or redemption of fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, if a shareholder sells shares at a loss within six months of purchase, any loss generally will be disallowed for federal income tax purposes to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends received on such shares. This loss disallowance, however, does not apply with respect to redemptions of fund shares held for six months or less with respect to a regular exempt-interest dividend paid by the fund if such fund declares substantially all of its net tax-exempt income as exempt-interest dividends on a daily basis, and pays such dividends at least on a monthly basis. In addition, any loss (not already disallowed as provided in the preceding sentences) realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of fund shares will be disallowed if other shares of the same fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

Cost basis reporting. Upon the redemption or exchange of a shareholder’s shares in the fund, the fund, or, if such shareholder’s shares are then held through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary, will be required to provide the shareholder and the IRS with cost basis and certain other related tax information about the fund shares the shareholder redeemed or exchanged. This cost basis reporting requirement is effective for shares purchased, including through dividend reinvestment, on or after January 1, 2012. Shareholders can visit www.putnam.com/costbasis, or call the fund at 1-800-225-1581, or consult their financial representatives, as appropriate, for more information regarding available methods for cost basis reporting and how to select a particular method. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine which available cost basis method is best for them.

Shares purchased through tax-qualified plans. Special tax rules apply to investments through employer-sponsored retirement plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax

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advisors to determine the suitability of shares of the fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

Backup withholding. The fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable dividends and other distributions paid to any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividends or interest income, or who fails to certify to the fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly reported as exempt-interest dividends. The back-up withholding tax rate is 28%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.

In order for a foreign investor to qualify for exemption from the back-up withholding tax rates and for reduced withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in a fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.

Tax shelter reporting regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of fund shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Non-U.S. shareholders. In general, dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends or exempt-interest dividends) paid by the fund to a shareholder that is not a “U.S. person” within the meaning of the Code (a “foreign person”) are subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding.

However, effective for distributions with respect to taxable years of the fund beginning before January 1, 2015, the fund is not required to withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign person (w) that have not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (x) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign person is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (y) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (z) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign person and the foreign person is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income that would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign person, to the extent such distributions are properly reported by the fund (an “interest-related dividend”), and (ii) with respect to distributions (other than (a) distributions to an individual foreign person who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (b) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests as described below) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions are properly reported by the fund (a “short-term capital gain dividend”). The fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. These exemptions have expired for distributions with respect to taxable years of the fund beginning on or after January 1, 2015. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend these exemptions for distributions with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning on or after January 1, 2015, and what the terms of such an extension would be, including whether such extension would have retroactive effect.

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The fact that the fund achieves its goals by investing in underlying funds generally does not adversely affect the fund’s ability to pass on to foreign shareholders the full benefit of the interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that it receives from its underlying investments in the funds, except possibly to the extent that (1) interest-related dividends received by the fund are offset by deductions allocable to the fund’s qualified interest income or (2) short-term capital gain dividends received by the fund are offset by the fund’s net short- or long-term capital losses, in which case the amount of a distribution from the fund to a foreign shareholder that is properly reported as either an interest-related dividend or a short-term capital gain dividend, respectively, may be less than the amount that such shareholder would have received had they invested directly in the underlying funds.

Under U.S. federal tax law, a beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the fund or on Capital Gain Dividends, unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States; (ii) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met; or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) apply to the foreign shareholder's sale of shares of the fund or to the Capital Gain Dividend the foreign shareholder received (as described below).

If a beneficial holder who is a foreign person has a trade or business in the United States, and the dividends are effectively connected with the conduct by the beneficial holder of a trade or business in the United States, the dividend will be subject to U.S. federal net income taxation at regular income tax rates and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.

Special rules would apply if the fund were either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. If an interest in the fund were a USRPI, the Fund would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.

If the fund were a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the exceptions referred to above, under a special “look-through” rule, any distributions by the fund to a foreign shareholder (including, in certain cases, distributions made by the fund in redemption of its shares) attributable directly or indirectly to distributions received by the fund from a lower-tier REIT that the fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands, generally would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder’s current and past ownership of the fund. Prior to January 1, 2015, the special “look-through” rule described above for distributions by the fund to foreign shareholders also applied to distributions attributable to (i) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the fund and (ii) distributions received by the fund from a lower-tier registered investment company that the fund was required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands. It is

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currently unclear whether Congress will extend these former “look-through” provisions to distributions made on or after January 1, 2015, and what the terms of any such extension would be, including whether any such extension would have retroactive effect.

Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the fund.

Other reporting and withholding requirements. Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”) generally require a Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays after June 30, 2014 (or, in certain cases, after later dates), and 30% of the gross proceeds of share redemptions or exchanges and certain capital gain dividends it pays after December 31, 2016. If a payment by the fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends). Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

General Considerations. The federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the specific federal tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of shares of the fund, as well as the effects of state, local and foreign tax law and any proposed tax law changes.

MANAGEMENT

Trustees

Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

Liaquat Ahamed (Born  Author; won Pulitzer  Trustee of the Brookings Institution (a nonprofit 
1952), Trustee since 2012  Prize for Lords of  public policy organization).Mr. Ahamed is also a 
  Finance: The Bankers  director of the Rohatyn Group, an emerging-market 
  Who Broke the World.  fund complex that manages money for institutions. 
  Director of Aspen  Mr. Ahamed has 25 years experience in the 
  Insurance Co., a New  management of fixed income portfolios and was 
  York Stock Exchange  previously the Chief Executive Officer of Fischer 
  company and Chair of  Francis Trees & Watts, Inc., a fixed-income 
  the Aspen Board’s  investment management subsidiary of BNP Paribas. 
  Investment Committee.  Mr. Ahamed holds a B.A. in economics from Trinity 
    College, Cambridge University and an M.A. in 
    economics from Harvard University. 

 

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Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

Ravi Akhoury (Born 1947),  Served as Chairman and  Director of RAGE Frameworks, Inc. and English 
Trustee since 2009  CEO of MacKay Shields  Helper, Inc. (each a private software company). Mr. 
  (a multi-product  Akhoury previously served as Director of Jacob 
  investment management  Ballas Capital India (a non-banking finance company 
  firm) from 1992 to 2007.  focused on private equity advisory services) and a 
    member of its Compensation Committee. He also 
    served as Director and on the Compensation 
    Committee of MaxIndia/New York Life Insurance 
    Company in India. Mr. Akhoury is also a Trustee of 
    the Rubin Museum, serving on the Investment 
    Committee, and of American India Foundation. Mr. 
    Akhoury is a former Vice President and Investment 
    Policy Committee member of Fischer, Francis, Trees 
    and Watts (a fixed-income investment management 
    subsidiary of BNP Paribas). He previously served on 
    the Board of Bharti Telecom (an Indian 
    telecommunications company) and was a member of 
    its Audit and Compensation Committees. He also 
    served on the Board of Thompson Press (a publishing 
    company) and was a member of its Audit Committee. 
    Mr. Akhoury graduated from the Indian Institute of 
    Technology with a BS in Engineering and obtained 
    an MS in Quantitative Methods from SUNY at Stony 
    Brook. 

 

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Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

Barbara M. Baumann (Born  President of Cross Creek  Director of Buckeye Partners, L.P. (a publicly traded 
1955), Trustee since 2010  Energy Corporation, a  master limited partnership focused on pipeline 
  strategic consultant to  transport, storage and distribution of petroleum 
  domestic energy firms  products) and Devon Energy Corporation (a leading 
  and direct investor in  independent natural gas and oil exploration and 
  energy projects.  production company). She serves on the board of The 
    Denver Foundation, is a former Chair of the Board, 
    and a current Board member, of Girls Inc. of Metro 
    Denver (a nonprofit organization benefitting young 
    women), and serves on the Finance Committee of the 
    Children’s Hospital of Colorado. Until September 
    2014, Ms. Baumann was a director of UNS Energy 
    Corporation (a publicly held electric and gas utility in 
    Arizona). Until May 2014, Ms. Baumann was a 
    Director of SM Energy Corporation (a publicly held 
    U.S. exploration and production company). Until 
    May 2012, Ms. Baumann was a Director of CVR 
    Energy, Inc. (a publicly held petroleum refiner and 
    fertilizer manufacturer). Prior to 2003, she was 
    Executive Vice President of Associated Energy 
    Managers, LLC (a domestic private equity firm). 
    From 1981 until 2000 she held a variety of financial 
    and operational management positions with the 
    global energy company Amoco Corporation and its 
    successor, BP. Ms. Baumann holds a B.A. from 
    Mount Holyoke College and an MBA from The 
    Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. 

Jameson A. Baxter (Born  President of Baxter  Chair of the Mutual Fund Directors Forum; Director 
1943), Trustee since 1994,  Associates, Inc., (a  of the Adirondack Land Trust; and Trustee of the The 
Vice Chair from 2005 to 2011  private investment firm).  Nature Conservancy’s Adirondack Chapter. Until 
and Chair since 2011    2011, Ms. Baxter was a Director of ASHTA 
    Chemicals Inc. Until 2007, Ms. Baxter was a 
    Director of Banta Corporation (a printing and supply 
    chain management company), Ryerson, Inc. (a 
    metals service company) and Advocate Health Care. 
    She has also served as a director on a number of other 
    boards including BoardSource (formerly the 
    National Center for Nonprofit Boards), Intermatic 
    Corporation (a manufacturer of energy control 
    products) and MB Financial. She is Chairman 
    Emeritus of the Board of Trustees, Mount Holyoke 
    College. Ms. Baxter is also a graduate of Mount 
    Holyoke College. 

 

August 31, 2015  II-74 

 



Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

Robert J. Darretta (Born  Mr. Darretta serves as a  Until April, 2007, Mr. Darretta was Vice Chairman 
1946), Trustee since 2007  director of the United  of the Board of Directors of Johnson & Johnson (a 
  Health Group. From  diversified health care conglomerate). Mr. Darretta 
  2009-2012, Mr. Darretta  received a B.S. in Economics from Villanova 
  served as the Health Care  University. 
  Industry Advisor to   
  Permira, (a global private   
  equity firm). Prior to   
  2007, Mr. Darretta was   
  the Chief Financial   
  Officer of Johnson &   
  Johnson.   

Katinka Domotorffy (Born  Voting member of the  Director of Reach Out and Read of Greater New 
1975), Trustee since 2012  Investment Committees  York, an organization dedicated to promoting 
  of the Anne Ray  childhood literacy; Great Lakes Science Center. Ms. 
  Charitable Trust and  Domotorffy holds a BSc in Economics from the 
  Margaret A. Cargill  University of Pennsylvania and an MSc in 
  Foundation, part of the  Accounting and Finance from the London School of 
  Margaret A. Cargill  Economics. 
  Philanthropies. Prior to   
  2012, Ms. Domotorffy   
  was Partner, Chief   
  Investment Officer, and   
  Global Head of   
  Quantitative Investment   
  Strategies at Goldman   
  Sachs Asset   
  Management   

John A. Hill (Born 1942),  Vice Chairman, First  Director of Devon Energy Corporation and various 
Trustee since 1985 and  Reserve Corporation (a  private companies owned by First Reserve 
Chairman from 2000 to 2011  private equity buyout  Corporation. He is also Chairman of The Board of 
  firm that specializes in  Trustees of Sarah Lawrence College and a member 
  energy investments in the  of the Advisory Board of the Millstein Center for 
  diversified world-wide  Global Markets and Corporate Ownership at the 
  energy industry).  Columbia University Law School. Mr. Hill received 
    a B.A in Economics from Southern Methodist 
    University and pursued graduate studies as a 
    Woodrow Wilson Fellow. 

 

August 31, 2015  II-75 

 



Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

Paul L. Joskow (Born 1947),  President of the Alfred P.  Trustee of Yale University; a Director of Exelon 
Trustee since 1997  Sloan Foundation (a  Corporation (an energy company focused on power 
  philanthropic institution  services); and a Member of the Board of Overseers of 
  focused primarily on  the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Prior to April 2013, 
  research and education  he served as Director of TransCanada Corporation 
  on issues related to  and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. (energy companies 
  science, technology and  focused on natural gas transmission, oil pipelines, 
  economic performance).  and power services.) Prior to August 2007, he served 
  He is the Elizabeth and  as a Director of National Grid (a U.K.-based holding 
  James Killian Professor  company with interests in electric and gas 
  of Economics, Emeritus  transmission and distribution and 
  at the Massachusetts  telecommunications infrastructure). Prior to July, 
  Institute of Technology  2006, he served as President of the Yale University 
  (“MIT”).  Council. Prior to February 2005, he served on the 
  Prior to 2007, he was the  board of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical 
  Director of the Center for  Research (a non-profit research institution). Prior to 
  Energy and  February 2002, he was a Director of State Farm 
  Environmental Policy  Indemnity Company (an automobile insurance 
  Research at MIT.  company), and prior to March 2000, he was a 
    Director of New England Electric System (a public 
    utility holding company). Dr. Joskow holds a Ph.D. 
    and a M.Phil. from Yale University and a B.A. from 
    Cornell University. 

Kenneth R. Leibler (Born  A founder and former  Until November 2010, Mr. Leibler was a Director of 
1949), Trustee since 2006  Chairman of the Boston  Ruder Finn Group (a global communications and 
  Options Exchange (an  advertising firm). Prior to December 2006, Mr. 
  electronic market place  Leibler served as a Director of the Optimum Funds 
  for the trading of listed  Group. Prior to October 2006, he served as a Director 
  derivatives securities).  of ISO New England (the organization responsible 
  He currently serves on  for the operation of the electric generation system in 
  the Board of Trustees of  the New England states). Prior to 2000, he was a 
  Beth Israel Deaconess  Director of the Investment Company Institute in 
  Hospital in Boston and as  Washington, D.C. Prior to January 2005, Mr. Leibler 
  a Director of Beth Israel  served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of 
  Deaconess Care  the Boston Stock Exchange. Prior to January 2000, 
  Organization, an  he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of 
  accountable care group  Liberty Financial Companies (a publicly traded 
  jointly owned by the  diversified asset management organization). Prior to 
  medical center and its  June 1990, he served as President and Chief 
  affiliated physicians  Operating Officer of the American Stock Exchange 
  network. He is also  (AMEX). Prior to serving as AMEX President, he 
  Director of Eversource  held the position of Chief Financial Officer, and 
  Corporation, which  headed its management and marketing operations. 
  operates New England’s  Mr. Leibler graduated with a B.A in Economics from 
  largest energy delivery  Syracuse University. 
  system.   

 

August 31, 2015  II-76 

 



Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

Robert E. Patterson (Born  Co-Chairman of Cabot  Mr. Patterson is past Chairman and served as a 
1945), Trustee since 1984  Properties, Inc. (a private  Trustee of the Joslin Diabetes Center. Prior to 
  equity firm investing in  December 2001, Mr. Patterson served as the 
  commercial real estate)  President and as a Trustee of Cabot Industrial Trust 
  and Chairman of the  (a publicly-traded real estate investment trust). He 
  Investment Committee  has also served as a Trustee of the Sea Education 
  of Cabot Properties.  Association. Prior to 1998, he was Executive Vice 
    President and Director of Acquisitions of Cabot 
    Partners Limited Partnership (a registered investment 
    adviser involved in institutional real estate 
    investments). Prior to 1990, he served as Executive 
    Vice President of Cabot, Cabot & Forbes Realty 
    Advisers, Inc. (the predecessor company of Cabot 
    Partners). Mr. Patterson practiced law and held 
    various positions in state government, and was the 
    founding Executive Director of the Massachusetts 
    Industrial Finance Agency. Mr. Patterson is a 
    graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law 
    School. 

George Putnam, III (Born  Chairman of New  Director of The Boston Family Office, LLC (a 
1951), Trustee since 1984  Generation Research,  registered investment advisor), a Trustee of 
  Inc. (a publisher of  Epiphany School and a Trustee of the Marine 
  financial advisory and  Biological Laboratory. Until 2010, Mr. Putnam was a 
  other research services)  Trustee of St. Mark’s School. Until 2006, Mr. 
  and President of New  Putnam was a Trustee of Shore Country Day School. 
  Generation Advisors,  Until 2002, he was a Trustee of the Sea Education 
  LLC (a registered  Association. Mr. Putnam is a graduate of Harvard 
  investment adviser to  College, Harvard Business School and Harvard Law 
  private funds), which are  School. 
  firms he founded in   
  1986. Prior to June 2007,   
  Mr. Putnam was   
  President of the Putnam   
  Funds.   

W. Thomas Stephens (Born  Prior to 2009, Mr.  Until 2014, Mr. Stephens was a Director of 
1942), Trustee from  Stephens was Chairman  TransCanadaPipelines Ltd (an energy infrastructure 
1997-2008, and since 2009  and Chief Executive  company). Until 2010, Mr. Stephens was a Director 
  Officer of Boise  of Boise Inc. (a manufacturer of paper and packaging 
  Cascade, LLC (a paper,  products). Until 2004, Mr. Stephens was a Director 
  forest product and  of Xcel Energy Incorporated (a public utility 
  timberland assets  company), Qwest Communications and Norske 
  company).  Canada, Inc. (a paper manufacturer). Until 2003, Mr. 
    Stephens was a Director of Mail-Well, Inc. (a 
    diversified printing company). Prior to July 2001, 
    Mr. Stephens was Chairman of Mail-Well. Mr. 
    Stephens holds B.S. and M.S. degrees from the 
    University of Arkansas. 

 

August 31, 2015  II-77 

 



Name, Address1 , Year of     
Birth, Position(s) Held with  Principal   
Fund and Length of Service  Occupation(s) During   
as a Putnam Fund Trustee2  Past 5 Years  Other Directorships Held by Trustee 

 
Interested Trustees     

*Robert L. Reynolds (Born  President and Chief  Director of several not-for-profit boards, including 
1952), Trustee since 2008  Executive Officer of  West Virginia University Foundation, the Concord 
  Putnam Investments  Museum, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Boston 
  since 2008 and, since  Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Chief 
  2014, President and  Executives Club of Boston, the National 
  Chief Executive Officer  Innovation Initiative, and the Council on 
  of Great-West Financial,  Competitiveness, and he is a former President of the 
  a financial services  Commercial Club of Boston. Prior to 2008, he 
  company that provides  served as a Director of FMR Corporation, Fidelity 
  retirement savings plans,  Investments Insurance Ltd., Fidelity Investments 
  life insurance, and  Canada Ltd., and Fidelity Management Trust 
  annuity and executive  Company and as a Trustee of the Fidelity Family of 
  benefits products, and of  Funds. Mr. Reynolds received a B.S. in Business 
  Great-West Lifeco U.S.  Administration with a major in Finance from West 
  Inc., a holding company  Virginia University. 
  that owns Putnam   
  Investments and   
  Great-West Financial.   
  Member of Putnam   
  Investments’ and   
  Great-West Financial’s   
  Board of Directors. Prior   
  to joining Putnam   
  Investments in 2008, Mr.   
  Reynolds was Vice   
  Chairman and Chief   
  Operating Officer of   
  Fidelity Investments   
  from 2000 to 2007.   


1
The address of each Trustee is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109. As of December 31, 2014, there were 116 Putnam Funds.

2 Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 75, death or removal.

*Trustee who is an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the fund and Putnam Management. Mr. Reynolds is deemed an “interested person” by virtue of his positions as an officer of the fund and Putnam Management. Mr. Reynolds is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments, LLC and President of your fund and each of the other Putnam funds.

Trustee Qualifications

Each of the fund’s Trustees was most recently elected by shareholders of the fund during 2014, although most of the Trustees have served on the Board for many years. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee is responsible for recommending proposed nominees for election to the full Board of Trustees for its approval. As

August 31, 2015  II-78 

 



part of its deliberative process, the Committee considers the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that it determines would benefit the Putnam funds at the time.

In recommending the election of the current board members as Trustees, the Committee generally considered the educational, business and professional experience of each Trustee in determining his or her qualifications to serve as a Trustee of the fund, including the Trustee's record of service as a director or trustee of public and private organizations. (This included, but was not limited to, consideration of the specific experience noted in the preceding table.) In the case of most members of the Board, the Committee considered his or her previous service as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds, which demonstrated a high level of diligence and commitment to the interests of fund shareholders and an ability to work effectively and collegially with other members of the Board.

The Committee also considered, among other factors, the particular attributes described below with respect to the various individual Trustees and considered the attributes as indicative of the person’s ability to deal effectively with the types of financial, regulatory, and/or investment matters that typically arise in the course of a Trustee’s work:

Liaquat Ahamed -- Mr. Ahamed’s experience as Chief Executive Officer of a major investment management organization and as head of the investment division at the World Bank, as well as his experience as an author of economic literature.

Ravi Akhoury -- Mr. Akhoury's experience as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a major investment management organization.

Barbara M. Baumann -- Ms. Baumann’s experience in the energy industry as a consultant, an investor, and in both financial and operational management positions at a global energy company, and her service as a director of multiple NYSE companies.

Jameson A. Baxter -- Ms. Baxter's experience in corporate finance acquired in the course of her career at a major investment bank, her experience as a director and audit committee chair of two NYSE companies and her role as Chair of the Mutual Fund Directors Forum.

Robert J. Darretta -- Mr. Darretta's experience as the Chief Financial Officer and Vice Chairman of the board of a major NYSE health products company.

Katinka Domotorffy -- Ms. Domotorffy’s experience as Chief Investment Officer and Global Head of Quantitative Investment Strategies at a major asset management organization.

John A. Hill -- Mr. Hill's experience as founder and chairman of an open-end mutual fund and as a founder and lead managing partner of one of the largest private equity firms in the United States.

Paul L. Joskow -- Dr. Joskow's education and experience as a professional economist familiar with financial economics and related issues and his service on multiple for-profit boards.

Kenneth R. Leibler -- Mr. Leibler's extensive experience in the financial services industry, including as Chief Executive Officer of a major asset management organization, and his service as a director of various public and private companies.

Robert E. Patterson -- Mr. Patterson’s training and experience as an attorney and his experience as president of a NYSE company.

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George Putnam, III -- Mr. Putnam’s training and experience as an attorney, his experience as the founder and Chief Executive Officer of an investment management firm and his experience as an author of various publications on the subject of investments.

W. Thomas Stephens -- Mr. Stephens's extensive business experience, including his service as Chief Executive Officer of four public companies, as non-executive chairman of two public companies and as a director of numerous other public companies.

Interested Trustee

Robert L. Reynolds -- Mr. Reynolds’s extensive experience as a senior executive of one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the United States and his current role as President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments.

Officers

In addition to Robert L. Reynolds, the fund’s President, the other officers of the fund are shown below. All of the officers of your fund are employees of Putnam Management or its affiliates or are members of the Trustees’ independent administrative staff.

Name, Address1 , Year of Birth,  Length of Service with  Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and 
Position(s) Held with Fund  the Putnam Funds2  Position(s) with Fund’s Investment Adviser and 
    Distributor3 

Jonathan S. Horwitz4 (Born 1955)  Since 2004  Executive Vice President, Principal Executive 
Executive Vice President, Principal    Officer, and Compliance Liaison, The Putnam Funds. 
Executive Officer, and Compliance     
Liaison     

Steven D. Krichmar (Born 1958)  Since 2002  Chief of Operations, Putnam Investments and 
Vice President and Principal Financial    Putnam Management. 
Officer     

Robert T. Burns (Born 1961)  Since 2011  General Counsel, Putnam Investments, Putnam 
Vice President and Chief Legal    Management and Putnam Retail Management. 
Officer     

Robert R. Leveille (Born 1969)  Since 2007  Chief Compliance Officer, Putnam Investments, 
Vice President and Chief Compliance    Putnam Management and Putnam Retail 
Officer    Management. 

Michael J. Higgins4 (Born 1976)  Since 2010  Manager of Finance, Dunkin’ Brands (2008-2010); 
Vice President, Treasurer, and Clerk    Senior Financial Analyst, Old Mutual Asset 
    Management (2007-2008); Senior Financial Analyst, 
    Putnam Investments (1999-2007). 

Janet C. Smith (Born 1965)  Since 2007  Director of Fund Administration Services, Putnam 
Vice President, Principal Accounting    Investments and Putnam Management. 
Officer, and Assistant Treasurer     

Susan G. Malloy (Born 1957)  Since 2007  Director of Accounting and Control Services, Putnam 
Vice President and Assistant    Management. 
Treasurer     

James P. Pappas (Born 1953)  Since 2004  Director of Trustee Relations, Putnam Investments 
Vice President    and Putnam Management. 

Mark C. Trenchard (Born 1962)  Since 2002  Director of Operational Compliance, Putnam 
Vice President and BSA Compliance    Investments, Putnam Retail Management 
Officer     

 

August 31, 2015  II-80 

 



Name, Address1 , Year of Birth,  Length of Service with  Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and 
Position(s) Held with Fund  the Putnam Funds2  Position(s) with Fund’s Investment Adviser and 
    Distributor3 

Nancy E. Florek4 (Born 1957)  Since 2000  Vice President, Director of Proxy Voting and 
Vice President, Director of Proxy    Corporate Governance, Assistant Clerk, and 
Voting and Corporate Governance,    Associate Treasurer, The Putnam Funds. 
Assistant Clerk, and Associate     
Treasurer     


1
The address of each Officer is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

2Each officer serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement, death or removal.

3Prior positions and/or officer appointments with the fund or the fund’s investment adviser and distributor have been omitted.

4Officers of the fund indicated are members of the Trustees’ independent administrative staff. Compensation for these individuals is fixed by the Trustees and reimbursed to Putnam Management by the funds.

Except as stated above, the principal occupations of the officers and Trustees for the last five years have been with the employers as shown above, although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers.

Leadership Structure and Standing Committees of the Board of Trustees

For details regarding the number of times the standing committees of the Board of Trustees met during a fund's last fiscal year, see "Trustee responsibilities and fees" in Part I of this SAI.

Board Leadership Structure. Currently, 12 of the 13 Trustees of your fund are Independent Trustees, meaning that they are not considered "interested persons" of your fund or its investment manager. These Independent Trustees must vote separately to approve all financial arrangements and other agreements with your fund’s investment manager and other affiliated parties. The role of independent trustees has been characterized as that of a “watchdog” charged with oversight to protect shareholders’ interests against overreaching and abuse by those who are in a position to control or influence a fund. Your fund’s Independent Trustees meet regularly as a group in executive session (i.e., without representatives of your fund’s investment manager or its affiliates present). An Independent Trustee currently serves as chair of the Board.

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Taking into account the number, the diversity and the complexity of the funds overseen by the Board and the aggregate amount of assets under management, your fund’s Trustees have determined that the efficient conduct of the Board's affairs makes it desirable to delegate responsibility for certain specific matters to committees of the Board. The Executive Committee, Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee, and Board Policy and Nominating Committee are authorized to take action on certain matters as specified in their charters or in policies and procedures relating to the governance of the funds; with respect to other matters, these committees review and evaluate and make recommendations to the Trustees as they deem appropriate. The other committees also review and evaluate matters specified in their charters and make recommendations to the Trustees as they deem appropriate. Each committee may utilize the resources of your fund’s independent staff, counsel and auditors as well as other experts. The committees meet as often as appropriate, either in conjunction with regular meetings of the Trustees or otherwise. The membership and chair of each committee are appointed by the Trustees upon recommendation of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee. Each committee is chaired by an Independent Trustee and, except as noted below, the membership and chairs of each committee consist exclusively of Independent Trustees.

August 31, 2015  II-81 

 



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The Trustees have determined that this committee structure also allows the Board to focus more effectively on the oversight of risk as part of its broader oversight of the fund's affairs. While risk management is the primary responsibility of the fund's investment manager, the Trustees receive reports regarding investment risks, compliance risks and other risks. The Board's committee structure allows separate committees to focus on different aspects of these risks and their potential impact on some or all of the funds and to discuss with the fund's investment manager how it monitors and controls such risks.

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Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee. The Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee provides oversight on matters relating to the preparation of the funds’ financial statements, compliance matters, internal audit functions, and Codes of Ethics issues. This oversight is discharged by regularly meeting with management and the funds’ independent auditors and keeping current on industry developments. Duties of this Committee also include the review and evaluation of all matters and relationships pertaining to the funds’ independent auditors, including their independence. The Committee also oversees all dividends and distributions by the funds. The Committee makes recommendations to the Trustees of the funds regarding the amount and timing of distributions paid by the funds, and determines such matters when the Trustees are not in session. The Committee also oversees the policies and procedures pursuant to which Putnam Management prepares recommendations for distributions, and meets regularly with representatives of Putnam Management to review the implementation of these policies and procedures. The Committee reports to the Trustees and makes recommendations to the Trustees regarding these matters. The members of the Committee include only Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the funds or Putnam Management. Each member of the Committee also is “independent,” as that term is interpreted for purposes of Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the listing standards of the NYSE. The Board of Trustees has adopted a written charter for the Committee, a current copy of which is available at putnam.com/individual. The Committee currently consists of Messrs. Darretta (Chairperson), Akhoury, Hill and Patterson, and Mses. Baumann and Domotorffy.

Board Policy and Nominating Committee. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee reviews matters pertaining to the operations of the Board of Trustees and its Committees, the compensation of the Trustees and their staff, and the conduct of legal affairs for the funds. The Committee evaluates and recommends all candidates for election as Trustees and recommends the appointment of members and chairs of each board committee. The Committee will consider nominees for Trustee recommended by shareholders of a fund provided that such recommendations are submitted by the date disclosed in the fund’s proxy statement and otherwise comply with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. The Committee also reviews policy matters affecting the operation of the Board and its independent staff. In addition, the Committee oversees the voting of proxies associated with portfolio investments of the funds with the goal of ensuring that these proxies are voted in the best interest of the funds’ shareholders. The Committee reports to the Trustees and makes recommendations to the Trustees regarding these matters. The Committee generally believes that the Board benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this as a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Committee is composed entirely of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the funds or Putnam Management and currently consists of Messrs. Hill (Chairperson), Leibler, Patterson and Putnam, Dr. Joskow and Ms. Baxter.

Brokerage Committee. The Brokerage Committee reviews the funds' policies regarding the execution of portfolio trades and Putnam Management's practices and procedures relating to the implementation of those policies. The Committee reviews periodic reports on the cost and quality of execution of portfolio transactions and the extent to which brokerage commissions have been used (i) by Putnam Management to obtain brokerage and research services generally useful to it in managing the portfolios of the funds and of its other clients, and (ii) by the funds to pay for certain fund expenses. The Committee reports to the Trustees and makes

August 31, 2015  II-82 

 



recommendations to the Trustees regarding these matters. The Committee currently consists of Dr. Joskow (Chairperson), Ms. Baxter, and Messrs. Ahamed, Leibler, Putnam and Stephens.

Contract Committee. The Contract Committee reviews and evaluates at least annually all arrangements pertaining to (i) the engagement of Putnam Management and its affiliates to provide services to the funds, (ii) the expenditure of the funds' assets for distribution purposes pursuant to Distribution Plans of the funds, and (iii) the engagement of other persons to provide material services to the funds, including in particular those instances where the cost of services is shared between the funds and Putnam Management and its affiliates or where Putnam Management or its affiliates have a material interest. The Committee also reviews the proposed organization of new fund products, proposed structural changes to existing funds and matters relating to closed-end funds. The Committee reports and makes recommendations to the Trustees regarding these matters. The Committee currently consists of Messrs. Putnam (Chairperson), Ahamed, , Leibler and Stephens, Dr. Joskow and Ms. Baxter.

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Executive Committee. The functions of the Executive Committee are twofold. The first is to ensure that the funds’ business may be conducted at times when it is not feasible to convene a meeting of the Trustees or for the Trustees to act by written consent. The Committee may exercise any or all of the power and authority of the Trustees when the Trustees are not in session. The second is to review annual and ongoing goals, objectives and priorities for the Board of Trustees and to facilitate coordination of all efforts between the Trustees and Putnam Management on behalf of the shareholders of the funds. The Committee currently consists of Ms. Baxter (Chairperson), and Messrs. Hill, Leibler, Patterson and Putnam.

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Investment Oversight Committees. The Investment Oversight Committees regularly meet with investment personnel of Putnam Management to review the investment performance and strategies of the funds in light of their stated goals and policies. The Committees seek to identify any compliance issues that are unique to the applicable categories of funds and work with the appropriate Board committees to ensure that any such issues are properly addressed. Investment Oversight Committee A currently consists of Ms. Domotorffy (Chairperson) and Messrs. Ahamed, Leibler, Putnam and Stephens, Dr. Joskow, and Ms. Baumann. Investment Oversight Committee B currently consists of Messrs. Akhoury (Chairperson), Darretta, Hill, Patterson and Reynolds, and Ms. Baxter.

Pricing Committee. The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of assets of the Putnam funds and reviews the funds’ policies and procedures for achieving accurate and timely pricing of fund shares. The Committee also oversees implementation of these policies, including fair value determinations of individual securities made by Putnam Management or other designated agents of the funds. The Committee also oversees compliance by money market funds with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act and the correction of occasional pricing errors. The Committee also reviews matters related to the liquidity of portfolio holdings. The Committee reports to the Trustees and makes recommendations to the Trustees regarding these matters. The Committee currently consists of Mses. Baumann (Chairperson) and Domotorffy, and Messrs. Akhoury, Darretta, Hill and Patterson.

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Indemnification of Trustees

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust of each fund provides that the fund will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the fund, except if it has been finally adjudicated that (a) they have not acted in good faith, (b) they have not acted in the reasonable belief that their actions were (i) in the best interests of the fund or (ii) at least were not opposed to the best interests of the fund, (c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, they had

August 31, 2015  II-83 

 



reasonable cause to believe the action was unlawful or (d) they were liable to the fund or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. The fund, at its expense, provides liability insurance for the benefit of its Trustees and officers.

For details of Trustees’ fees paid by the fund and information concerning retirement guidelines for the Trustees, see “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI.

Putnam Management and its Affiliates

Putnam Management is one of America’s oldest and largest money management firms. Putnam Management’s staff of experienced portfolio managers and research analysts selects securities and constantly supervises the fund’s portfolio. By pooling an investor’s money with that of other investors, a greater variety of securities can be purchased than would be the case individually; the resulting diversification helps reduce investment risk. Putnam Management has been managing mutual funds since 1937.

Putnam Management is a subsidiary of Putnam Investments. Great-West Lifeco Inc., a financial services holding company with operations in Canada, the United States and Europe and a member of the Power Financial Corporation group of companies, owns a majority interest in Putnam Investments. Power Financial Corporation, a diversified management and holding company with direct and indirect interests in the financial services sector in Canada, the United States and Europe, is a subsidiary of Power Corporation of Canada, a diversified international management and holding company with interests in companies in the financial services, communications and other business sectors. The Desmarais Family Residuary Trust, a trust established pursuant to the Last Will and Testament of the Honourable Paul G. Desmarais, directly and indirectly controls a majority of the voting shares of Power Corporation of Canada.

Trustees and officers of the fund who are also officers of Putnam Management or its affiliates or who are stockholders of Putnam Investments or its parent companies will benefit from the advisory fees, sales commissions, distribution fees and transfer agency fees paid or allowed by the fund.

The Management Contract

Under a Management Contract between the fund and Putnam Management, subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management, at its expense, furnishes continuously an investment program for the fund and makes investment decisions on behalf of the fund. Subject to the control of the Trustees, Putnam Management also manages, supervises and conducts the other affairs and business of the fund, furnishes office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and clerical services (including determination of the fund’s net asset value, but excluding shareholder accounting services) and places all orders for the purchase and sale of the fund’s portfolio securities. Putnam Management may place fund portfolio transactions with broker-dealers that furnish Putnam Management, without cost to it, certain research, statistical and quotation services of value to Putnam Management and its affiliates in advising the fund and other clients. In so doing, Putnam Management may cause the fund to pay greater brokerage commissions than it might otherwise pay.

For details of Putnam Management’s compensation under the Management Contract, see “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI. Putnam Management’s compensation under the Management Contract may be reduced in any year if the fund’s expenses exceed the limits on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the fund are qualified for offer or sale. The term “expenses” is defined in the statutes or regulations of such jurisdictions, and generally excludes brokerage commissions, taxes, interest, extraordinary expenses and, if the fund has a distribution plan, payments made under such plan.

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Fund-specific expense limitation. Under the Management Contract, Putnam Management may reduce its compensation to the extent that the fund’s expenses exceed such lower expense limitation as Putnam Management may, by notice to the fund, declare to be effective. For the purpose of determining any such limitation on Putnam Management’s compensation, expenses of the fund shall not reflect the application of commissions or cash management credits that may reduce designated fund expenses. The terms of any such expense limitation specific to a particular fund are described in the prospectus and/or Part I of this SAI.

General expense limitation. Through the expiration of the one-year period following the effective date of the annual update of each fund’s Registration Statement, Putnam Management will reimburse expenses or waive fees of the fund to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, excluding brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, any upward or downward adjustments to a fund’s base management fee, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis, to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period.

In addition to the fee paid to Putnam Management, the fund reimburses Putnam Management for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their assistants who provide certain administrative services for the fund and the other Putnam funds, each of which bears an allocated share of the foregoing costs. The aggregate amount of all such payments and reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

The amount of this reimbursement for the fund’s most recent fiscal year is included in “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI. Putnam Management pays all other salaries of officers of the fund. The fund pays all expenses not assumed by Putnam Management including, without limitation, auditing, legal, custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses. The fund pays the cost of typesetting for its prospectuses and the cost of printing and mailing any prospectuses sent to its shareholders. Putnam Retail Management pays the cost of printing and distributing all other prospectuses.

The Management Contract provides that Putnam Management shall not be subject to any liability to the fund or to any shareholder of the fund for any act or omission in the course of or connected with rendering services to the fund in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties on the part of Putnam Management.

The Management Contract may be terminated without penalty by vote of the Trustees or the shareholders of the fund, or by Putnam Management, on 30 days’ written notice. It may be amended only by a vote of the shareholders of the fund. The Management Contract also terminates without payment of any penalty in the event of its assignment. The Management Contract provides that it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the shareholders is the affirmative vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act.

Putnam Management has entered into a Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), under which Putnam Management has delegated to State Street responsibility for providing certain administrative, pricing, and bookkeeping services for the fund. Putnam Management pays State Street a fee, monthly, based on a combination of fixed annual charges and charges based on the fund's assets and the number and types of securities held by the fund, and reimburses State Street for certain out-of-pocket expenses.

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The Sub-Manager

If so disclosed in the fund’s prospectus, PIL, an affiliate of Putnam Management, has been retained as the sub-manager for a portion of the assets of the fund, as determined by Putnam Management from time to time, pursuant to a sub-management agreement between Putnam Management and PIL. Under the terms of the sub-management contract, PIL, at its own expense, furnishes continuously an investment program for that portion of each such fund that is allocated to PIL from time to time by Putnam Management and makes investment decisions on behalf of such portion of the fund, subject to the supervision of Putnam Management. Putnam Management may also, at its discretion, request PIL to provide assistance with purchasing and selling securities for the fund, including placement of orders with certain broker-dealers. PIL, at its expense, furnishes all necessary investment and management facilities, including salaries of personnel, required for it to execute its duties.

The sub-management contract provides that PIL shall not be subject to any liability to Putnam Management, the fund or any shareholder of the fund for any act or omission in the course of or connected with rendering services to the fund in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties on the part of PIL.

The sub-management contract may be terminated with respect to a fund without penalty by vote of the Trustees or the shareholders of the fund, or by PIL or Putnam Management, on 30 days’ written notice. The sub-management contract also terminates without payment of any penalty in the event of its assignment. Subject to applicable law, it may be amended by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. The sub-management contract provides that it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the shareholders is the affirmative vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act.

The Sub-Adviser

If so disclosed in the fund’s prospectus, The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (“PAC”), an affiliate of Putnam Management, has been retained as a sub-adviser for a portion of the assets of the fund, as determined from time to time by Putnam Management or, with respect to portions of a fund’s assets for which PIL acts as sub-manager as described above, by PIL pursuant to a sub-advisory contract among Putnam Management, PIL and PAC. Under certain terms of the sub-advisory contract, PAC, at its own expense, furnishes continuously an investment program for that portion of each such fund that is allocated to PAC from time to time by Putnam Management or PIL, as applicable and makes investment decisions on behalf of such portion of the fund, subject to the supervision of Putnam Management or PIL, as the case may be. Putnam Management or PIL, as the case may be, may also, at its discretion, request PAC to provide assistance with purchasing and selling securities for the fund, including placement of orders with certain broker-dealers.

PAC, at its expense, furnishes all necessary investment and management facilities, including salaries of personnel, required for it to execute its duties. The sub-advisory contract provides that PAC shall not be subject to any liability to Putnam Management, PIL, the fund or any shareholder of the fund for any act or omission in the course of or connected with rendering services to the fund in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties on the part of PAC.

The sub-advisory contract may be terminated with respect to a fund without penalty by vote of the Trustees or the shareholders of the fund, or by PAC, PIL or Putnam Management, on 30 days’ written notice. The sub-advisory contract also terminates without payment of any penalty in the event of its assignment. Subject to

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applicable law, it may be amended by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. The sub-advisory contract provides that it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the shareholders is the affirmative vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act.

Portfolio Transactions

Potential conflicts of interest in managing multiple accounts. Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, the fund’s Portfolio Manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the fund and the other accounts listed under “PORTFOLIO MANAGER(S)” “Other accounts managed” at the same time. The paragraphs below describe some of these potential conflicts, which Putnam Management believes are faced by investment professionals at most major financial firms. As described below, Putnam Management and the Trustees of the Putnam funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of these potential conflicts.

The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (“performance fee accounts”), may raise potential conflicts of interest by creating an incentive to favor higher-fee accounts. These potential conflicts may include, among others:

• The most attractive investments could be allocated to higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts.

• The trading of higher-fee accounts could be favored as to timing and/or execution price. For example, higher-fee accounts could be permitted to sell securities earlier than other accounts when a prompt sale is desirable or to buy securities at an earlier and more opportune time.

• The trading of other accounts could be used to benefit higher-fee accounts (front- running).

• The investment management team could focus their time and efforts primarily on higher-fee accounts due to a personal stake in compensation.

Putnam Management attempts to address these potential conflicts of interest relating to higher-fee accounts through various compliance policies that are generally intended to place all accounts, regardless of fee structure, on the same footing for investment management purposes. For example, under Putnam Management’s policies:

• Performance fee accounts must be included in all standard trading and allocation procedures with all other accounts.

• All accounts must be allocated to a specific category of account and trade in parallel with allocations of similar accounts based on the procedures generally applicable to all accounts in those groups (e.g., based on relative risk budgets of accounts).

• All trading must be effected through Putnam’s trading desks and normal queues and procedures must be followed (i.e., no special treatment is permitted for performance fee accounts or higher-fee accounts based on account fee structure).

• Front running is strictly prohibited.

• The fund’s Portfolio Manager(s) may not be guaranteed or specifically allocated any portion of a performance fee.

As part of these policies, Putnam Management has also implemented trade oversight and review procedures in order to monitor whether particular accounts (including higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts) are being favored over time.

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Potential conflicts of interest may also arise when the Portfolio Manager(s) have personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to limited exceptions, Putnam Management’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Putnam funds. However, in the ordinary course of business, Putnam Management or related persons may from time to time establish “pilot” or “incubator” funds for the purpose of testing proposed investment strategies and products prior to offering them to clients. These pilot accounts may be in the form of registered investment companies, private funds such as partnerships or separate accounts established by Putnam Management or an affiliate. Putnam Management or an affiliate supplies the funding for these accounts. Putnam employees, including the fund’s Portfolio Manager(s), may also invest in certain pilot accounts. Putnam Management, and to the extent applicable, the Portfolio Manager(s) will benefit from the favorable investment performance of those funds and accounts. Pilot funds and accounts may, and frequently do, invest in the same securities as the client accounts. Putnam Management’s policy is to treat pilot accounts in the same manner as client accounts for purposes of trading allocation – neither favoring nor disfavoring them except as is legally required. For example, pilot accounts are normally included in Putnam Management’s daily block trades to the same extent as client accounts (except that pilot accounts do not participate in initial public offerings).

A potential conflict of interest may arise when the fund and other accounts purchase or sell the same securities. On occasions when the Portfolio Manager(s) consider the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the fund as well as other accounts, Putnam Management’s trading desk may, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the fund or another account if one account is favored over another in allocating the securities purchased or sold – for example, by allocating a disproportionate amount of a security that is likely to increase in value to a favored account. Putnam Management’s trade allocation policies generally provide that each day’s transactions in securities that are purchased or sold by multiple accounts are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such accounts (including the fund) in a manner which in Putnam Management’s opinion is equitable to each account and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each account. Certain exceptions exist for specialty, regional or sector accounts. Trade allocations are reviewed on a periodic basis as part of Putnam Management’s trade oversight procedures in an attempt to ensure fairness over time across accounts.

“Cross trades,” in which one Putnam account sells a particular security to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), may also pose a potential conflict of interest. Cross trades may be seen to involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, one account is permitted to sell a security to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay, or if such trades result in more attractive investments being allocated to higher-fee accounts. Putnam Management and the fund’s Trustees have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the fund and another Putnam-advised account are to be made at an independent current market price, as required by law.

Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different goals and strategies of the fund and other accounts. For example, another account may have a shorter-term investment horizon or different goals, policies or restrictions than the fund. Depending on goals or other factors, the Portfolio Manager(s) may give advice and make decisions for another account that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to the fund. In addition, investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain accounts even though it could have been bought or sold for other accounts at the same time. More rarely, a particular security may be bought for one or more accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager(s) when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts. As noted above, Putnam Management has implemented trade oversight and review procedures to monitor whether any account is systematically favored over time.

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Under federal securities laws, a short sale of a security by another client of Putnam Management or its affiliates (other than another registered investment company) within five business days prior to a public offering of the same securities (the timing of which is generally not known to Putnam in advance) may prohibit the fund from participating in the public offering, which could cause the fund to miss an otherwise favorable investment opportunity or to pay a higher price for the securities in the secondary markets.

The fund’s Portfolio Manager(s) may also face other potential conflicts of interest in managing the fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could be deemed to exist in managing both the fund and other accounts. For information on restrictions imposed on personal securities transactions of the fund’s Portfolio Manager(s), please see “- Personal Investments by Employees of Putnam Management and Putnam Retail Management and Officers and Trustees of the Fund.”

For information about other funds and accounts managed by the fund’s Portfolio Manager(s), please refer to “Who oversees and manages the fund(s)?” in the prospectus and “PORTFOLIO MANAGER(S)” “Other accounts managed” in Part I of the SAI.

Brokerage and research services.

Transactions on stock exchanges, commodities markets and futures markets and other agency transactions involve the payment by the fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions may vary among different brokers. A particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as execution venue and exchange. Although the fund does not typically pay commissions for principal transactions in the over-the-counter markets, such as the markets for most fixed income securities and certain derivatives, an undisclosed amount of profit or “mark-up” is included in the price the fund pays. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer.

See "Charges and expenses" in Part I of this SAI for information concerning commissions paid by the fund.

It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for the clients of advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to provide those advisers with brokerage and research services, as defined in Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act. Consistent with this practice, Putnam Management receives brokerage and research services from broker-dealers with which Putnam Management places the fund's portfolio transactions. The services that broker-dealers may provide to Putnam Management’s managers and analysts include, among others, brokerage and trading systems, economic analysis, investment research, industry and company reviews, statistical information, market data, evaluations of investments, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of investments and performance measurement services. Some of these services are of value to Putnam Management and its affiliates in advising various of their clients (including the fund), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing the fund. Research services provided by broker-dealers are supplemental to Putnam Management’s own research efforts and relieve Putnam Management of expenses it might otherwise have borne in generating such research. The management fee paid by the fund is not reduced because Putnam Management and its affiliates receive brokerage and research services even though Putnam Management might otherwise be required to purchase some of these services for cash. Putnam Management may also use portfolio transactions to generate “soft dollar” credits to pay for “mixed-use” services (i.e., products or services that may be used both for investment- and non-investment-related purposes), but in such instances Putnam Management uses its own resources to pay for that portion of the mixed-use product or service that in its good-faith judgment does not relate to investment or brokerage purposes. Putnam Management may also allocate trades to generate soft dollar credits for third-party investment research reports and related fundamental research.

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Putnam Management places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the funds, and buys and sells investments for the funds, through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In selecting broker-dealers to execute the funds’ portfolio transactions, Putnam Management uses its best efforts to obtain for each fund the most favorable price and execution reasonably available under the circumstances, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution and in considering the overall reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid, Putnam Management, having in mind the fund's best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, in no particular order of importance, and by way of illustration, the price, size and type of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security or other investment, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in other transactions.

Putnam Management may cause the fund to pay a broker-dealer that provides "brokerage and research services" (as defined in the Exchange Act and as described above) to Putnam Management an amount of disclosed commission for effecting securities transactions on stock exchanges and other transactions for the fund on an agency basis in excess of the commission another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. Putnam Management may also instruct an executing broker to “step out” a portion of the trades placed with a broker to other brokers that provide brokerage and research services to Putnam Management. Putnam Management's authority to cause the fund to pay any such greater commissions or to instruct a broker to “step out” a portion of a trade is subject to the requirements of applicable law and such policies as the Trustees may adopt from time to time. It is the position of the staff of the SEC that Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act does not apply to the payment of such greater commissions in "principal" transactions. Accordingly, Putnam Management will use its best effort to obtain the most favorable price and execution available with respect to such transactions, as described above.

The Trustees of the funds have directed Putnam Management, subject to seeking most favorable pricing and execution, to use its best efforts to allocate a portion of overall fund trades to trading programs which generate commission credits to pay fund expenses such as shareholder servicing and custody charges. The extent of any commission credits generated for this purpose may vary significantly from time to time and from fund to fund depending on, among other things, the nature of each fund's trading activities and market conditions.

The Management Contract provides that commissions, fees, brokerage or similar payments received by Putnam Management or an affiliate in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio investments of the fund, less any direct expenses approved by the Trustees, shall be recaptured by the fund through a reduction of the fee payable by the fund under the Management Contract. Putnam Management seeks to recapture for the fund soliciting dealer fees on the tender of the fund's portfolio securities in tender or exchange offers. Any such fees which may be recaptured are likely to be minor in amount.

Principal Underwriter

Putnam Retail Management, located at One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109, is the principal underwriter of shares of the fund and the other continuously offered Putnam funds. Putnam Retail Management is not obligated to sell any specific amount of shares of the fund and will purchase shares for resale only against orders for shares. See “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI for information on sales charges and other payments received by Putnam Retail Management.

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Personal Investments by Employees of Putnam Management and Putnam Retail Management and Officers and Trustees of the Fund

Employees of Putnam Management, PIL, PAC and Putnam Retail Management and officers and Trustees of the fund are subject to significant restrictions on engaging in personal securities transactions. These restrictions are set forth in the Codes of Ethics adopted by Putnam Management, PIL, PAC and Putnam Retail Management (the “Putnam Investments Code of Ethics”) and by the fund (the “Putnam Funds Code of Ethics”). The Putnam Investments Code of Ethics and the Putnam Funds Code of Ethics, in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, contain provisions and requirements designed to identify and address certain conflicts of interest between personal investment activities and the interests of the fund.

The Putnam Investments Code of Ethics does not prohibit personnel from investing in securities that may be purchased or held by the fund. However, the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics, consistent with standards recommended by the Investment Company Institute’s Advisory Group on Personal Investing and requirements established by Rule 17j-1 and rules adopted under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, among other things, prohibits personal securities investments without pre-clearance, imposes time periods during which personal transactions may not be made in certain securities by employees with access to investment information, and requires the timely submission of broker confirmations and quarterly reporting of personal securities transactions. Additional restrictions apply to portfolio managers, traders, research analysts and others involved in the investment advisory process.

The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics incorporates and applies the restrictions of the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics to officers and Trustees of the fund who are affiliated with Putnam Investments. The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics does not prohibit unaffiliated officers and Trustees from investing in securities that may be held by the fund; however, the Putnam Funds Code of Ethics regulates the personal securities transactions of unaffiliated Trustees of the fund, including limiting the time periods during which they may personally buy and sell certain securities and requiring them to submit reports of personal securities transactions under certain circumstances.

The fund’s Trustees, in compliance with Rule 17j-1, approved the Putnam Investments and the Putnam Funds Codes of Ethics and are required to approve any material changes to these Codes. The Trustees also provide continued oversight of personal investment policies and annually evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the Codes of Ethics.

Investor Servicing Agent

Putnam Investor Services, located at One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109, is the fund’s investor servicing agent (transfer, plan and dividend disbursing agent), for which it receives fees that are paid monthly by the fund. Effective January 1, 2015, the fee paid to Putnam Investor Services with respect to assets attributable to non-defined contribution plan accounts (which include accounts maintained directly with the fund, accounts underlying omnibus accounts maintained by financial intermediaries with the fund, accounts of Section 529 college savings plans that are allocated to the fund and accounts of certain funds that operate as funds-of-funds that are allocated to the fund (collectively “retail accounts”)) holding class A, class B, class C, class M, class R, class T and class Y shares, subject to certain limitations, is an annual fee that includes (1) a per account fee for each retail account of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which is totaled and then allocated among each of the funds in the category based on the average daily net assets of each fund, and (2) a fee based on a specified rate of each fund’s average daily net assets. The fund categories used for purposes of calculating the per account fee described above are based on asset classes. The accounts of 529 plans and certain funds-of-funds are included in the determination of the number of accounts at the underlying fund level in proportion to the percentage of the investing fund’s assets that are invested in the particular underlying fund.

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The fees paid to Putnam Investor Services with respect to defined contribution plan accounts holding class A, class B, class C, class M, class R, class T and class Y shares are based on a specified rate of the fund’s average daily net assets attributable to such defined contribution plan accounts.

Putnam Investor Services has agreed, through December 31, 2015, that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution plan accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts.

The fee paid to Putnam Investor Services with respect to class R5 shares is based on an annual rate of 0.15% of each fund’s average assets attributable to class R5 shares, except that an annual rate of 0.12% of each fund’s average assets attributable to class R5 shares applies to Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund, Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund, Putnam American Government Income Fund, Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Conservative Fund, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam Income Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund.

The fee paid to Putnam Investor Services with respect to class R6 shares is based on an annual rate of 0.05% of each fund’s average assets attributable to class R6 shares.

The fee paid to Putnam Investor Services with respect to class I and class P shares is based on an annual rate of 0.01% of each fund’s average assets attributable to class I shares and class P shares, respectively.

Financial intermediaries (including brokers, dealers, banks, bank trust departments, registered investment advisers, financial planners, and retirement plan administrators) may own shares of the fund for the benefit of their customers in an omnibus account (including retirement plans). In these circumstances, the financial intermediaries or other third parties may provide certain sub-accounting and similar recordkeeping services for their customers’ accounts.

In recognition of these services, Putnam Investor Services may make payments to these financial intermediaries or other third parties. Payments may be based on the number of underlying accounts in an omnibus account or the assets or share class held in an account. Putnam Investor Services also makes payments to financial intermediaries that charge networking fees for certain services provided in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts. These payments are described above under the heading “Distribution Plans – Additional Dealer Payments.”

Custodian

State Street Bank and Trust Company, located at 2 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, is the fund’s custodian. State Street is responsible for safeguarding and controlling the fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, collecting interest and dividends on the fund’s investments, serving as the fund’s foreign custody manager, providing reports on foreign securities depositaries, making payments covering the expenses of the fund and performing other administrative duties. State Street does not determine the investment policies of the fund or decide which securities the fund will buy or sell. State Street has a lien on the fund’s assets to secure charges and advances made by it. The fund may from time to time enter into brokerage arrangements that reduce or recapture fund expenses, including custody expenses. The fund also has an offset arrangement that may reduce the fund’s custody fee based on the amount of cash maintained by its custodian.

Counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees

Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the fund and the Independent Trustees, and is located at Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199.

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The fund determines the net asset value per share of each class of shares once each day the NYSE is open. Currently, the NYSE is closed Saturdays, Sundays and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The fund determines net asset value as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The net asset value per share of each class equals the total value of its assets, less its liabilities, divided by the number of its outstanding shares.

Assets of money market funds are valued at amortized cost pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. For other funds, securities and other assets (“Securities”) for which market quotations are readily available are valued at prices which, in the opinion of Putnam Management, most nearly represent the market values of such Securities. Currently, prices for these Securities are determined using the last reported sale price (or official closing price for Securities listed on certain markets) or, if no sales are reported (as in the case of some Securities traded over-the-counter), the last reported bid price, except that certain Securities are valued at the mean between the last reported bid and ask prices. Short-term investments having remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. All other Securities are valued by Putnam Management or other parties at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees.

Reliable market quotations are not considered to be readily available for, among other Securities, long-term corporate bonds and notes, certain preferred stocks, tax-exempt securities, and certain foreign securities. These investments are valued at fair value, generally on the basis of valuations furnished by approved pricing services, which determine valuations for normal, institutional-size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships between securities that are generally recognized by institutional traders. Other Securities, such as various types of options, are valued at fair value on the basis of valuations furnished by broker-dealers or other market intermediaries.

Putnam Management values all other Securities at fair value using its internal resources. The valuation procedures applied in any specific instance are likely to vary from case to case. However, consideration is generally given to the financial position of the issuer and other fundamental analytical data relating to the investment and to the nature of the restrictions on disposition of the Securities (including any registration expenses that might be borne by the fund in connection with such disposition). In addition, specific factors are also generally considered, such as the cost of the investment, the market value of any unrestricted Securities of the same class, the size of the holding, the prices of any recent transactions or offers with respect to such Securities and any available analysts’ reports regarding the issuer. In the case of Securities that are restricted as to resale, Putnam Management determines fair value based on the inherent worth of the Security without regard to the restrictive feature, adjusted for any diminution in value resulting from the restrictive feature.

Generally, trading in certain Securities (such as foreign securities) is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The closing prices for these Securities in markets or on exchanges outside the U.S. that close before the close of the NYSE may not fully reflect events that occur after such close but before the close of the NYSE. As a result, the fund has adopted fair value pricing procedures, which, among other things, require the fund to fair value foreign equity securities if there has been a movement in the U.S. market that exceeds a specified threshold. Although the threshold may be revised from time to time and the number of days on which fair value prices will be used will vary, it is possible that fair value prices will be used by the fund to a significant extent. In addition, Securities held by some of the funds may be traded in foreign markets that are open for business on days that the fund is not, and the trading of such Securities on those days may have an impact on the value of a shareholder’s investment at a time when the shareholder cannot buy and sell shares of the fund.

Currency exchange rates used in valuing Securities are normally determined as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

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Occasionally, events affecting such exchange rates may occur between the time of the determination of exchange rates and the close of the NYSE, which, in the absence of fair valuation, would not be reflected in the computation of the fund’s net asset value. If events materially affecting the currency exchange rates occur during such period, then the exchange rates used in valuing affected Securities will be valued by Putnam Management at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees.

In addition, because of the amount of time required to collect and process trading information as to large numbers of securities issues, the values of certain Securities (such as convertible bonds, U.S. government securities and tax-exempt securities) are determined based on market quotations collected before the close of the NYSE. Occasionally, events affecting the value of such Securities may occur between the time of the determination of value and the close of the NYSE, which, in the absence of fair value prices, would not be reflected in the computation of the fund’s net asset value. If events materially affecting the value of such Securities occur during such period, then these Securities will be valued by Putnam Management at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. It is expected that any such instance would be very rare.

The fair value of Securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such Securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a Security at a given point in time and does not reflect an actual market price.

The fund may also value its Securities at fair value under other circumstances pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.

Money Market Funds

Money market funds generally value their portfolio securities at amortized cost according to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act.

Since the net income of a money market fund is declared as a dividend each time it is determined, the net asset value per share of a money market fund typically remains at $1.00 per share immediately after such determination and dividend declaration. Any increase in the value of a shareholder’s investment in a money market fund representing the reinvestment of dividend income is reflected by an increase in the number of shares of that fund in the shareholder’s account on the last business day of each month. It is expected that a money market fund’s net income will normally be positive each time it is determined. However, if because of realized losses on sales of portfolio investments, a sudden rise in interest rates, or for any other reason the net income of a fund determined at any time is a negative amount, a money market fund may offset such amount allocable to each then shareholder’s account from dividends accrued during the month with respect to such account. If, at the time of payment of a dividend, such negative amount exceeds a shareholder’s accrued dividends, a money market fund may reduce the number of outstanding shares by treating the shareholder as having contributed to the capital of the fund that number of full and fractional shares which represent the amount of the excess. Each shareholder is deemed to have agreed to such contribution in these circumstances by his or her investment in a money market fund.

INVESTOR SERVICES

Shareholder Information

Each time shareholders buy or sell shares, a statement confirming the transaction and listing their current share balance will be made available for viewing electronically or delivered via mail. (Under certain investment plans, a statement may only be sent quarterly.) The fund also sends annual and semiannual reports that keep shareholders informed about its portfolio and performance, and year-end tax information to simplify their recordkeeping. To help shareholders take full advantage of their Putnam investment, publications covering many

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topics of interest to investors are available on our website or from Putnam Investor Services. Shareholders may call Putnam Investor Services toll-free weekdays at 1-800-225-1581 between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time for more information, including account balances. Shareholders can also visit the Putnam website at http://www.putnam.com.

Your Investing Account

The following information provides more detail concerning the operation of a Putnam Investing Account. For further information or assistance, investors should consult Putnam Investor Services. Shareholders who purchase shares through an employer-sponsored retirement plan should note that not all of the services or features described below may be available to them, and they should contact their employer for details.

A shareholder may reinvest a cash distribution without a front-end sales charge or without the reinvested shares being subject to a CDSC, as the case may be, by delivering to Putnam Investor Services the uncashed distribution check. Putnam Investor Services must receive the properly endorsed check within 1 year after the date of the check.

The Investing Account also provides a way to accumulate shares of the fund. In most cases, after an initial investment, a shareholder may send checks to Putnam Investor Services, made payable to the fund, to purchase additional shares at the applicable public offering price next determined after Putnam Investor Services receives the check. Checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank and must be payable in U.S. dollars.

Putnam Investor Services acts as the shareholder's agent whenever it receives instructions to carry out a transaction on the shareholder's account. Upon receipt of instructions that shares are to be purchased for a shareholder's account, shares will be purchased through the investment dealer designated by the shareholder. Shareholders may change investment dealers at any time by written notice to Putnam Investor Services, provided the new dealer has a sales agreement with Putnam Retail Management.

Shares credited to an account are transferable upon written instructions in good order to Putnam Investor Services and may be sold to the fund as described under "How do I sell or exchange fund shares?" in the prospectus. Putnam funds no longer issue share certificates. A shareholder may send to Putnam Investor Services any certificates which have been previously issued to enable more convenient maintenance of the account as a book-entry account.

Putnam Retail Management, at its expense, may provide certain additional reports and administrative material to qualifying institutional investors with fiduciary responsibilities to assist these investors in discharging their responsibilities. Institutions seeking further information about this service should contact Putnam Retail Management, which may modify or terminate this service at any time.

The fund pays Putnam Investor Services' fees for maintaining Investing Accounts.

Checkwriting Privilege. For those funds that allow shareholders, as disclosed in the prospectus, to redeem shares by check, Putnam is currently waiving the minimum per-check amount stated in the prospectus.

Reinstatement Privilege

An investor who has redeemed shares of the fund may reinvest within 90 days of such redemption the proceeds of such redemption in shares of the same class of the fund, or may reinvest within 90 days of such redemption the proceeds in shares of the same class of one of the other continuously offered Putnam funds (through the exchange privilege described in the prospectus), including, in the case of shares subject to a CDSC, the amount of CDSC charged on the redemption. Any such reinvestment would be at the net asset value of the shares of the fund(s) the investor selects, next determined after Putnam Retail Management receives a Reinstatement

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Authorization. The time that the previous investment was held will be included in determining any applicable CDSC due upon redemptions and, in the case of class B shares, the eight-year period for conversion to class A shares. Reinstatements into class B, class C or class M shares may be permitted even if the resulting purchase would otherwise be rejected for causing a shareholder’s investments in such class to exceed the applicable investment maximum. Shareholders will receive from Putnam Retail Management the amount of any CDSC paid at the time of redemption as part of the reinstated investment, which may be treated as capital gains to the shareholder for tax purposes.

Exercise of the Reinstatement Privilege does not alter the federal income tax treatment of any capital gains realized on a sale of fund shares, but to the extent that any shares are sold at a loss and the proceeds are reinvested in shares of the fund, some or all of the loss may be disallowed as a deduction. Consult your tax adviser. Investors who desire to exercise the Reinstatement Privilege should contact their investment dealer or Putnam Investor Services.

Exchange Privilege

Except as otherwise set forth in this section, by calling Putnam Investor Services, investors may exchange shares valued in the aggregate up to $500,000 between accounts with identical registrations, provided that no certificates are outstanding for such shares. During periods of unusual market changes and shareholder activity, shareholders may experience delays in contacting Putnam Investor Services by telephone to exercise the telephone exchange privilege.

Putnam Investor Services also makes exchanges promptly after receiving a properly completed Exchange Authorization Form and, if issued, share certificates. If the shareholder is a corporation, partnership, agent, or surviving joint owner, Putnam Investor Services will require additional documentation of a customary nature. Because an exchange of shares involves the redemption of fund shares and reinvestment of the proceeds in shares of another Putnam fund, completion of an exchange may be delayed under unusual circumstances if the fund were to suspend redemptions or postpone payment for the fund shares being exchanged, in accordance with federal securities laws. Exchange Authorization Forms and prospectuses of the other Putnam funds are available from Putnam Retail Management or investment dealers having sales contracts with Putnam Retail Management. The prospectus of each fund describes its goal(s) and policies, and shareholders should obtain a prospectus and consider these objectives and policies carefully before requesting an exchange. Shares of certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of all states. The fund reserves the right to change or suspend the exchange privilege at any time. Shareholders would be notified of any change or suspension. Additional information is available from Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581.

Shareholders of other Putnam funds may also exchange their shares at net asset value for shares of the fund, as set forth in the current prospectus of each fund. Exchanges from Putnam Money Market Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund or Putnam Short Duration Income Fund into another Putnam fund may be subject to an initial sales charge.

For federal income tax purposes, an exchange is a sale on which the investor generally will realize a capital gain or loss depending on whether the net asset value at the time of the exchange is more or less than the investor's basis.

Same-Fund Exchange Privilege. Class A shareholders who are eligible to purchase class Y, class R5 or class R6 shares may exchange their class A shares for class Y, class R5, or class R6 shares of the same fund, provided that such shares are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state, that the class A shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and, in the case of class R5 and class R6 shares, the shares are available through the relevant retirement plan.

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Class C shareholders who are eligible to purchase class A shares without a sales charge because the shareholders are (i) clients of broker-dealers, financial institutions, financial intermediaries or registered investment advisors that are approved by Putnam Retail Management and charge a fee for advisory or investment services or (ii) clients of broker-dealers, financial institutions, or financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with Putnam Retail Management to offer shares through a fund ‘supermarket’ or retail self-directed brokerage account (with or without the imposition of a transaction fee) may exchange their class C shares for class A shares of the same fund, provided that (i) the class C shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and (ii) class A shares of such fund are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state.

Class C shareholders who are eligible to purchase class Y shares may exchange their class C shares for class Y shares of the same fund, provided that the class C shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and class Y shares of such fund are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state.

Class M shareholders who are eligible to purchase class Y shares may exchange their Class M shares for class Y shares of the same fund, provided that class Y shares of such fund are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state.

Class R shareholders who are eligible to purchase class R5 or class R6 shares may exchange their class R shares for class R5 or class R6 shares of the same fund, provided that such shares are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state and are available through the relevant retirement plan.

Class R5 shareholders who are eligible to purchase class A, class R, class R6 or class Y shares may exchange their class R5 shares for class A, class R, class R6 or class Y shares of the same fund, provided that such shares are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state and are available through the relevant retirement plan.

Class R6 shareholders who are eligible to purchase class A, class R, class R5 or class Y shares may exchange their class R6 shares for class A, class R, class R5 or class Y shares of the same fund, provided that such shares are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state and are available through the relevant retirement plan.

Class Y shareholders who are eligible to purchase class A, class C, class R5 or class R6 shares may exchange their class Y shares for class A, class C, class R5 or class R6 shares of the same fund, provided that such shares are offered to residents of the shareholder’s state and, in the case of class R5 and class R6 shares, the shares are available through the relevant retirement plan. Class Y shareholders should be aware that the financial institution or intermediary through which they hold class Y shares may have the authority under its account or similar agreement to exchange class Y shares for class A or class C shares under certain circumstances, and none of the Putnam Funds, Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services are responsible for any actions taken by a shareholder’s financial institution or intermediary in this regard.

No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange. For federal income tax purposes, a same-fund exchange is not expected to result in the realization by the investor of a capital gain or loss. Shareholders should be aware that (i) the same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange. None of the Putnam funds, Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services are responsible for any determinations made, or any actions taken, by a shareholder’s dealer of record in respect of same-fund exchanges. To exchange shares under the same-fund exchange privilege, please contact your investment dealer or Putnam Investor Services.

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Dividends PLUS

Shareholders may invest the fund's distributions of net investment income or distributions combining net investment income and short-term capital gains in shares of the same class of another continuously offered Putnam fund (the "receiving fund") using the net asset value per share of the receiving fund determined on the date the fund's distribution is payable. No sales charge or CDSC will apply to the purchased shares. The prospectus of each fund describes its goal(s) and policies, and shareholders should obtain a prospectus and consider these goal(s) and policies carefully before investing their distributions in the receiving fund. Shares of certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of all states.

Shareholders of other Putnam funds may also use their distributions to purchase shares of the fund at net asset value.

For federal tax purposes, distributions from the fund which are reinvested in another fund are treated as paid by the fund to the shareholder and invested by the shareholder in the receiving fund and thus, to the extent composed of taxable income and deemed paid to a taxable shareholder, are taxable.

The Dividends PLUS program may be revised or terminated at any time.

Plans Available to Shareholders

The plans described below are fully voluntary and may be terminated at any time without the imposition by the fund or Putnam Investor Services of any penalty. All plans provide for automatic reinvestment of all distributions in additional shares of the fund at net asset value. The fund, Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may modify or cease offering these plans at any time.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan ("SWP"). An investor who owns or buys shares of the fund valued at $5,000 or more at the current public offering price may open a SWP plan and have a designated sum of money ($50 or more) paid monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually to the investor or another person. (Payments from the fund can be combined with payments from other Putnam funds into a single check through a designated payment plan.) Shares are deposited in a plan account, and all distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the fund at net asset value (except where the plan is utilized in connection with a charitable remainder trust). Shares in a plan account are then redeemed at net asset value to make each withdrawal payment. Payment will be made to any person the investor designates; however, if shares are registered in the name of a trustee or other fiduciary, payment will be made only to the fiduciary, except in the case of a profit-sharing or pension plan where payment will be made to a designee. As withdrawal payments may include a return of principal, they cannot be considered a guaranteed annuity or actual yield of income to the investor. The redemption of shares in connection with a plan generally will result in a gain or loss for tax purposes. Some or all of the losses realized upon redemption may be disallowed pursuant to the so-called wash sale rules if shares of the same fund from which shares were redeemed are purchased (including through the reinvestment of fund distributions) within a period beginning 30 days before, and ending 30 days after, such redemption. In such a case, the basis of the replacement shares will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Continued withdrawals in excess of income will reduce and possibly exhaust invested principal, especially in the event of a market decline. The cost of administering these plans for the benefit of those shareholders participating in them is borne by the fund as an expense of all shareholders. The fund, Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may terminate or change the terms of the plan at any time. A plan will be terminated if communications mailed to the shareholder are returned as undeliverable.

Investors should consider carefully with their own financial advisers whether the plan and the specified amounts to be withdrawn are appropriate in their circumstances. The fund and Putnam Investor Services make no recommendations or representations in this regard.

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Tax-favored plans. (Not offered by funds investing primarily in Tax-exempt Securities.) Investors may purchase shares of the fund through the following Tax Qualified Retirement Plans, available to qualified individuals or organizations:

Standard and variable profit-sharing (including 401(k)) and money purchase pension plans; and Individual Retirement Account Plans (IRAs), including SIMPLE IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP IRAs; and Coverdell Education savings plans.

Forms and further information on these Plans are available from investment dealers or from Putnam Retail Management. In addition, plan administration arrangements are available on an optional basis; contact Putnam Investor Services at 1-866-207-7261.

Consultation with a competent financial and tax adviser regarding these Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or otherwise, is recommended.

Automatic Rebalancing Arrangements. Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may enter into arrangements with certain dealers which provide for automatic periodic rebalancing of shareholders’ accounts in Putnam funds. For more information about these arrangements, please contact Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services.

SIGNATURE GUARANTEES

Requests to redeem shares having a net asset value of $100,000 or more, or to transfer shares or make redemption proceeds payable to anyone other than the registered account owners, must be signed by all registered owners or their legal representatives and must be guaranteed by a bank, broker/dealer, municipal securities dealer or broker, credit union, national securities exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency, savings association or trust company, provided such institution is authorized and acceptable under and conforms with Putnam Investor Services’ signature guarantee procedures. A copy of such procedures is available upon request. In certain situations, for example, if you want your redemption proceeds sent to an address other than your address as it appears on Putnam’s records, you may also need to provide a signature guarantee. Putnam Investor Services usually requires additional documentation for the sale of shares by a corporation, partnership, agent or fiduciary, or a surviving joint owner. Contact Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581 for more information on Putnam’s signature guarantee and documentation requirements.

REDEMPTIONS

Suspension of redemptions. The fund may not suspend shareholders’ right of redemption, or postpone payment for more than seven days, unless the Exchange is closed for other than customary weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the SEC during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the fund to dispose of its securities or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or during any other period permitted by order of the Commission for protection of investors.

In-kind redemptions. To the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, the fund will consider satisfying all or a portion of a redemption request by distributing securities or other property in lieu of cash (“in-kind” redemptions). Any transaction costs or other expenses involved in liquidating securities received in an in-kind redemption will be borne by the redeeming investor. For information regarding procedures for in-kind redemptions, please contact Putnam Retail Management.

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POLICY ON EXCESSIVE SHORT-TERM TRADING

As disclosed in the prospectus of each fund other than Putnam Money Market Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund and Putnam Short Duration Income Fund, Putnam Management and the fund’s Trustees have adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive short-term trading. Putnam Management’s Compliance Department currently uses multiple reporting tools in an attempt to detect short-term trading activity occurring in shareholder accounts. Putnam Management measures excessive short-term trading in the fund by the number of “round trip” transactions, as defined in the prospectus, above a specified dollar amount within a specified period of time. Generally, if an investor has been identified as having completed two “round trip” transactions with values of at least $25,000 within a rolling 90-day period, Putnam Management will issue the investor and/or his or her financial intermediary, if any, a written warning. To the extent that short-term trading activity continues, additional measures may be taken. Putnam Management’s practices for measuring excessive short-term trading activity and issuing warnings may change from time to time.

SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY

Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the fund. However, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the fund and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the fund or the Trustees. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of fund property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The likelihood of such circumstances appears to be remote.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION

The Trustees of the Putnam funds have adopted policies with respect to the disclosure of the fund’s portfolio holdings by the fund, Putnam Management, or their affiliates. These policies provide that information about the fund’s portfolio generally may not be released to any party prior to (i) the day after the posting of such information on the Putnam Investments website, (ii) the filing of the information with the SEC in a required filing, or (iii) the dissemination of such information to all shareholders simultaneously. Certain limited exceptions pursuant to the fund’s policies are described below. The Trustees will periodically receive reports from the fund’s Chief Compliance Officer regarding the operation of these policies and procedures, including any arrangements to make non-public disclosures of the fund’s portfolio information to third parties. Putnam Management and its affiliates are not permitted to receive compensation or other consideration in connection with disclosing information about the fund’s portfolio holdings to third parties.

Public Disclosures

The fund’s portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through filings with the SEC and postings on the Putnam Investments website. The fund files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of the fund’s fiscal year). In addition, money market funds file monthly reports of portfolio holdings on form N-MFP (with respect to the prior month). Shareholders may obtain the Form N-CSR, N-MFP and N-Q filings on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Form N-CSR and N-Q filings are available upon filing and form N-MFP filings are available 60 days after each calendar month end. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the Public Reference Room.

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For Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, the following information is publicly available on the Putnam Investments website, www.putnam.com/individual, as disclosed in the following table. This information will remain available on the website for six months thereafter, after which the information can be found on the SEC’s website.

Information  Frequency of Disclosure  Date of Web Posting 

Full Portfolio Holdings  Monthly  5 business days after the end of 
    each month. 

 

For Putnam Short Duration Income Fund, Putnam Management makes the fund’s portfolio information publicly available on the Putnam Investments website, www.putnam.com/individual, as disclosed in the following table.

Information  Frequency of Disclosure  Date of Web Posting 

Full Portfolio Holdings  Monthly  On or after 5 business days after 
    the end of each month. 

 

For all other funds, Putnam Management also currently makes the fund’s portfolio information publicly available on the Putnam Investments website, www.putnam.com/individual, as disclosed in the following table.

Information(1)  Frequency of Disclosure  Date of Web Posting 

Full Portfolio Holdings  Quarterly  Last business day of the month 
    following the end of each 
    calendar quarter 

Top 10 Portfolio Holdings and  Monthly  Approximately 15 days after the 
other portfolio statistics    end of each month 

 

(1) Putnam mutual funds that are not currently offered to the general public (“incubated” funds) do not post portfolio holdings on the Web, except to the extent required by applicable regulations. Full portfolio holdings for the Putnam RetirementReady® Funds, Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 1, and Putnam Global Sector Fund, which invest solely in other Putnam funds, are posted on www.putnam.com/individual approximately 15 days after the end of each month. Please see these funds’ prospectuses for their target allocations.

The scope of the information relating to the fund’s portfolio that is made available on the website may change from time to time without notice. In addition, the posting of fund holdings may be delayed in some instances for technical reasons.

Putnam Management or its affiliates may include fund portfolio information that has already been made public through a Web posting or SEC filing in marketing literature and other communications to shareholders, advisors or other parties, provided that, in the case of information made public through the Web, the information is disclosed no earlier than the day after the date of posting to the website.

Other Disclosures

In order to address potential conflicts between the interest of fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of Putnam Management, Putnam Retail Management or any affiliated person of those entities or of the fund, on the other hand, the fund’s policies require that non-public disclosures of information regarding the fund’s portfolio may be made only if there is a legitimate business purpose consistent with fiduciary duties to all shareholders of the fund. In addition, the party receiving the non-public information must sign a non-disclosure agreement unless otherwise approved by the Chief Compliance Officer of the fund. Arrangements to make non-public disclosures of the fund’s portfolio information must be approved by the Chief Compliance Officer of the fund.

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The Chief Compliance Officer will report on an ongoing basis to a committee of the fund’s Board of Trustees consisting only of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the fund or Putnam Management regarding any such arrangement that the fund may enter into with third parties other than service providers to the fund.

The fund periodically discloses its portfolio information on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information in order to assist the fund with its day-to-day business affairs. In addition to Putnam Management and its affiliates, including Putnam Investor Services and PRM, these service providers include the fund’s custodian (State Street Bank and Trust Company) and any sub-custodians (including one or more sub-custodians for each non-U.S. market in which the fund purchases securities), pricing services (including IDC, Reuters, Markit, Statpro, Standard & Poors, Bloomberg, ICE ClearCredit, LCH Swapclear, PriceServ and CME Group), independent registered public accounting firm (KPMG LLP or PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP), legal counsel (Ropes & Gray LLP and, for funds sold in Japan, Mori Hamada & Matsumoto), financial printer and filing agent (McMunn Associates, Inc., Newsfile Corp.), proxy voting service (Glass, Lewis & Co) and securities lending agent (Goldman Sachs Bank USA). These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the fund.

The fund may also periodically provide non-public information about its portfolio holdings to rating and ranking organizations and other providers of industry data, such as Lipper Inc,. Morningstar Inc., Bloomberg and Thomson Reuters, in connection with those firms’ research on and classification of the fund and in order to gather information about how the fund’s attributes (such as volatility, turnover, and expenses) compare with those of peer funds. The fund may also periodically provide non-public information about its portfolio holdings to consultants that provide portfolio analysis services or other investment research or trading analytics. Such recipients of portfolio holdings include Barclays, Factset, ITG, Bloomberg and Credit Suisse. Any such rating, ranking, or consulting or other firm would be required to keep the fund’s portfolio information confidential and would be prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the fund. Such firms may receive portfolio holdings information only from certain funds (such as equity funds or fixed income funds) and such information may be provided in greater or lesser detail depending on the nature of the services provided by the relevant firm.

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

The Trustees of the Putnam funds have established proxy voting guidelines and procedures that govern the voting of proxies for the securities held in the funds’ portfolios. The proxy voting guidelines summarize the funds’ positions on various issues of concern to investors, and provide direction to the proxy voting service used by the funds as to how fund portfolio securities should be voted on proposals dealing with particular issues. The proxy voting procedures explain the role of the Trustees, Putnam Management, the proxy voting service and the funds’ proxy manager in the proxy voting process, describe the procedures for referring matters involving investment considerations to the investment personnel of Putnam Management and describe the procedures for handling potential conflicts of interest. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures are included in this SAI as Appendix A. Information regarding how the funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2014 is available on the Putnam Individual Investor website, www.putnam.com/individual, and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s website, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.

SECURITIES RATINGS

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The ratings of securities in which the fund may invest will be measured at the time of purchase and, to the extent a security is assigned a different rating by one or more of the various rating agencies, Putnam Management may use the highest rating assigned by any agency. Putnam Management will not necessarily sell an investment if its rating is reduced. Below are descriptions of ratings, as provided by the rating agencies, which represent opinions as to the quality of various debt instruments.

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

Global Long-Term Rating Scale (original maturity of 1 year or more)

Aaa – Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa – Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A – Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa – Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba – Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B – Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa – Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca – Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C – Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.

Global Short-Term Rating Scale (original maturity of 13 months or less)

P-1 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-2 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-3 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

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NP – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

U.S. Municipal Short-Term Obligation Ratings

MIG 1 – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2 – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

MIG 3 – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

SG – This designation denotes speculative grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

U.S. Municipal Demand Obligation Ratings

VMIG 1 – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 2 – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 3 – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

SG – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Standard & Poor’s

Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings (original maturity of one year or more)

AAA – An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA – An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

A – An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

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BBB – An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the lowest degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB – An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B – An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CCC – An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CC – An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor’s expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

C – An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.

D – An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

NR – This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Note: The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings (original maturity of 365 days or less)

A-1 – A short-term obligation rated’A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

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A-2 – A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3 – A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B – A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

C – A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

D – A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the due date, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings (original maturity of 3 years or less)

SP-1 – Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

SP-2 – Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

SP-3 – Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Fitch Ratings

Long-Term Rating Scales

AAA – Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

AA – Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A – High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

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BBB – Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

BB – Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.

B – Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

CCC – Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility.

CC – Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.

C – Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill.

Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:

a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or

c. Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of ‘RD’ or ‘D’ to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.

RD – Restricted default. ‘RD’ ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include:

a. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;

b. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;

c. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or

d. execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.

D – Default. ‘D’ ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.

“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.

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In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.

Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) category, or to Long-Term IDR categories below ‘B’.

Short-Term Ratings

F1 – Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

F2 – Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

F3 – Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

B – Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

C – High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.

RD – Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

D – Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

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Appendix A

Proxy voting guidelines of the Putnam funds 

 

The proxy voting guidelines below summarize the funds’ positions on various issues of concern to investors, and give a general indication of how fund portfolio securities will be voted on proposals dealing with particular issues. The funds’ proxy voting service is instructed to vote all proxies relating to fund portfolio securities in accordance with these guidelines, except as otherwise instructed by the Director of Proxy Voting and Corporate Governance (“Proxy Voting Director”), a member of the Office of the Trustees who is appointed to assist in the coordination and voting of the funds’ proxies.

The proxy voting guidelines are just that – guidelines. The guidelines are not exhaustive and do not address all potential voting issues. Because the circumstances of individual companies are so varied, there may be instances when the funds do not vote in strict adherence to these guidelines. For example, the proxy voting service is expected to bring to the Proxy Voting Director’s attention proxy questions that are company-specific and of a non-routine nature and that, even if covered by the guidelines, may be more appropriately handled on a case-by-case basis.

Similarly, Putnam Management’s investment professionals, as part of their ongoing review and analysis of all fund portfolio holdings, are responsible for monitoring significant corporate developments, including proxy proposals submitted to shareholders, and notifying the Proxy Voting Director of circumstances where the interests of fund shareholders may warrant a vote contrary to these guidelines. In such instances, the investment professionals submit a written recommendation to the Proxy Voting Director and the person or persons designated by Putnam Management’s Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing referral items under the funds’ “Proxy Voting Procedures.” The Proxy Voting Director, in consultation with a senior member of the Office of the Trustees and/or the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, as appropriate, will determine how the funds’ proxies will be voted. When indicated, the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee may consult with other members of the Committee or the full Board of Trustees.

The following guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals submitted by management and approved and recommended by a company’s board of directors. Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders. Part III addresses unique considerations pertaining to non-U.S. issuers.

The Trustees of the Putnam funds are committed to promoting strong corporate governance practices and encouraging corporate actions that enhance shareholder value through the judicious voting of the funds’ proxies. It is the funds’ policy to vote their proxies at all shareholder meetings where it is practicable to do so. In furtherance of this, the funds’ have requested that their securities lending agent recall each domestic issuer’s voting securities that are on loan, in advance of the record date for the issuer’s shareholder meetings, so that the funds may vote at the meetings.

The Putnam funds will disclose their proxy votes not later than August 31 of each year for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, in accordance with the timetable established by SEC rules.

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I. BOARD-APPROVED PROPOSALS

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself (sometimes referred to as “management proposals”), which have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies and of the funds’ intent to hold corporate boards accountable for their actions in promoting shareholder interests, the funds’ proxies generally will be voted for the decisions reached by majority independent boards of directors, except as otherwise indicated in these guidelines. Accordingly, the funds’ proxies will be voted for board-approved proposals, except as follows:

Matters relating to the Board of Directors 

 

Uncontested Election of Directors

The funds’ proxies will be voted for the election of a company’s nominees for the board of directors, except as follows:

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  the board does not have a majority of independent directors,

  the board has not established independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees,

  the board has more than 19 members or fewer than five members, absent special circumstances,

  the board has not acted to implement a policy requested in a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares of the company cast at its previous two annual meetings, or

  the board has adopted or renewed a shareholder rights plan (commonly referred to as a “poison pill”) without shareholder approval during the current or prior calendar year.

The funds will on a case-by-case basis withhold votes from the entire board of directors, or from particular directors as may be appropriate, if the board has approved compensation arrangements for one or more company executives that the funds determine are unreasonably excessive relative to the company’s performance or has otherwise failed to observe good corporate governance practices.

The funds will withhold votes from any nominee for director:

  who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation within the last three years from the company other than for service as a director (e.g., investment banking, consulting, legal, or financial advisory fees),

  who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for the absences (e.g., illness, personal emergency, etc.),

  of a public company (Company A) who is employed as a senior executive of another company (Company B), if a director of Company B serves as a senior executive of Company A

(commonly referred to as an “interlocking directorate”),

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  who serves on more than five unaffiliated public company boards (for the purpose of this guideline, boards of affiliated registered investment companies will count as one board), or

  who is a member of the governance or other responsible committee, if the company has adopted without shareholder approval a bylaw provision shifting legal fees and costs to unsuccessful plaintiffs in intra-corporate litigation.

Commentary:

Board independence: Unless otherwise indicated, for the purposes of determining whether a board has a majority of independent directors and independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees, an “independent director” is a director who (1) meets all requirements to serve as an independent director of a company under the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules (e.g., no material business relationships with the company and no present or recent employment relationship with the company including employment of an immediate family member as an executive officer), and (2) has not within the last three years accepted directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the company other than in his or her capacity as a member of the board of directors or any board committee. The funds’ Trustees believe that the recent (i.e., within the last three years) receipt of any amount of compensation for services other than service as a director raises significant independence issues.

Board size: The funds’ Trustees believe that the size of the board of directors can have a direct impact on the ability of the board to govern effectively. Boards that have too many members can be unwieldy and ultimately inhibit their ability to oversee management performance. Boards that have too few members can stifle innovation and lead to excessive influence by management.

Time commitment: Being a director of a company requires a significant time commitment to adequately prepare for and attend the company’s board and committee meetings. Directors must be able to commit the time and attention necessary to perform their fiduciary duties in proper fashion, particularly in times of crisis. The funds’ Trustees are concerned about over-committed directors. In some cases, directors may serve on too many boards to make a meaningful contribution. This may be particularly true for senior executives of public companies (or other directors with substantially full-time employment) who serve on more than a few outside boards. The funds may withhold votes from such directors on a case-by-case basis where it appears that they may be unable to discharge their duties properly because of excessive commitments.

Interlocking directorships: The funds’ Trustees believe that interlocking directorships are inconsistent with the degree of independence required for outside directors of public companies.

Corporate governance practices: Board independence depends not only on its members’ individual relationships, but also on the board’s overall attitude toward management and shareholders. Independent boards are committed to good corporate governance practices and, by providing objective independent judgment, enhancing shareholder value. The funds may withhold votes on a case-by-case basis from some or all directors who, through their lack of independence or otherwise, have failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action, have demonstrated a disregard for the interests of shareholders. Such instances may include cases where a board of directors has approved compensation arrangements for one or more members of management that, in the judgment of the funds’ Trustees, are excessive by reasonable corporate standards relative to the company’s record of performance. It may also represent a disregard for the interests of shareholders if a board of directors fails to register an appropriate response when a director who fails to win the support of a majority of shareholders in an election

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(sometimes referred to as a “rejected director”) continues to serve on the board. While the Trustees recognize that it may in some circumstances be appropriate for a rejected director to continue his or her service on the board, steps should be taken to address the concerns reflected by the shareholders’ lack of support for the rejected director. Adopting a fee-shifting bylaw provision without shareholder approval, which may discourage legitimate shareholders lawsuits as well as frivolous ones, is another example of disregard for shareholder interests.

Contested Elections of Directors

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

Classified Boards

The funds will vote against proposals to classify a board, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by this structure.

Commentary: Under a typical classified board structure, the directors are divided into three classes, with each class serving a three-year term. The classified board structure results in directors serving staggered terms, with usually only a third of the directors up for re-election at any given annual meeting. The funds’ Trustees generally believe that it is appropriate for directors to stand for election each year, but recognize that, in special circumstances, shareholder interests may be better served under a classified board structure.

Other Board-Related Proposals

The funds will generally vote for proposals that have been approved by a majority independent board, and on a case-by-case basis on proposals that have been approved by a board that fails to meet the guidelines’ basic independence standards (i.e., majority of independent directors and independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees).

Executive Compensation 

 

The funds generally favor compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

Except where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, the funds will vote for stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average annual dilution of 1.67% or less (based on the disclosed term of the plan and including all equity-based plans).

The funds will vote against stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average annual dilution of greater than 1.67% (based on the disclosed term of the plan and including all equity-based plans).

The funds will vote against any stock option or restricted stock plan where the company’s actual grants of stock options and restricted stock under all equity-based compensation plans during the prior three (3) fiscal years have resulted in an average annual dilution of greater than 1.67%.

The funds will vote against stock option plans that permit the replacing or repricing of underwater options (and against any proposal to authorize a replacement or repricing of underwater options).

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The funds will vote against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

Except where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, the funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value; (2) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (3) dilution is 10% or less.

The funds will vote for proposals to approve a company’s executive compensation program (i.e., “say on pay” proposals in which the company’s board proposes that shareholders indicate their support for the company’s compensation philosophy, policies, and practices), except that the funds will vote against the proposal if the company is assigned to the lowest category, through independent third party benchmarking performed by the funds’ proxy voting service, for the correlation of the company’s executive compensation program with its performance.

The funds will vote for bonus plans under which payments are treated as performance-based compensation that is deductible under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, except that the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis if any of the following circumstances exist:

the amount per employee under the plan is unlimited, or

the plan’s performance criteria is undisclosed, or

the company is assigned to the lowest category, through independent third party benchmarking performed by the funds’ proxy voting service, for the correlation of the company’s executive compensation program with its performance.

Commentary: Companies should have compensation programs that are reasonable and that align shareholder and management interests over the longer term. Further, disclosure of compensation programs should provide absolute transparency to shareholders regarding the sources and amounts of, and the factors influencing, executive compensation. Appropriately designed equity-based compensation plans can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders with the interests of management. However, the funds may vote against these or other executive compensation proposals on a case-by-case basis where compensation is excessive by reasonable corporate standards, where a company fails to provide transparent disclosure of executive compensation, or, in some instances, where independent third-party benchmarking indicates that compensation is inadequately correlated with performance, relative to peer companies. (Examples of excessive executive compensation may include, but are not limited to, equity incentive plans that exceed the dilution criteria noted above, excessive perquisites, performance-based compensation programs that do not properly correlate reward and performance, “golden parachutes” or other severance arrangements that present conflicts between management’s interests and the interests of shareholders, and “golden coffins” or unearned death benefits). In voting on a proposal relating to executive compensation, the funds will consider whether the proposal has been approved by an independent compensation committee of the board.

Capitalization 

 

Many proxy proposals involve changes in a company’s capitalization, including the authorization of additional stock, the issuance of stock, the repurchase of outstanding stock, or the approval of a stock split. The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flow, financing needs, and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of the company. As a

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result, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization, except that where the funds are not otherwise withholding votes from the entire board of directors:

The funds will vote for proposals relating to the authorization and issuance of additional common stock (except where such proposals relate to a specific transaction).

The funds will vote for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

The funds will vote for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

Commentary: A company may decide to authorize additional shares of common stock for reasons relating to executive compensation or for routine business purposes. For the most part, these decisions are best left to the board of directors and senior management. The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis, however, on other proposals to change a company’s capitalization, including the authorization of common stock with special voting rights, the authorization or issuance of common stock in connection with a specific transaction (e.g., an acquisition, merger or reorganization), or the authorization or issuance of preferred stock. Actions such as these involve a number of considerations that may affect a shareholder’s investment and that warrant a case-by-case determination.

Acquisitions, Mergers, Reincorporations, Reorganizations and Other Transactions 

 

Shareholders may be confronted with a number of different types of transactions, including acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations involving business combinations, liquidations, and the sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets, which may require their consent. Voting on such proposals involves considerations unique to each transaction. As a result, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals to effect these types of transactions, except as follows:

The funds will vote for mergers and reorganizations involving business combinations designed solely to reincorporate a company in Delaware.

Commentary: A company may reincorporate into another state through a merger or reorganization by setting up a “shell” company in a different state and then merging the company into the new company. While reincorporation into states with extensive and established corporate laws – notably Delaware –provides companies and shareholders with a more well-defined legal framework, shareholders must carefully consider the reasons for a reincorporation into another jurisdiction, including especially an offshore jurisdiction.

Anti-Takeover Measures 

 

Some proxy proposals involve efforts by management to make it more difficult for an outside party to take control of the company without the approval of the company’s board of directors. These include the adoption of a shareholder rights plan, requiring supermajority voting on particular issues, the adoption of fair price provisions, the issuance of blank check preferred stock, and the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights. Such proposals may adversely affect shareholder rights, lead to management entrenchment, or create conflicts of interest. As a result, the funds will vote against board-approved proposals to adopt such anti-takeover measures, except as follows:

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans; and

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The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

Commentary: The funds’ Trustees recognize that poison pills and fair price provisions may enhance or protect shareholder value under certain circumstances. For instance, where a company has incurred significant operating losses, a shareholder rights plan may be appropriately tailored to protect shareholder value by preserving a company’s net operating losses. Thus, the funds will consider proposals to approve such matters on a case-by-case basis.

Other Business Matters 

 

Many proxies involve approval of routine business matters, such as changing a company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors, and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting. For the most part, these routine matters do not materially affect shareholder interests and are best left to the board of directors and senior management of the company. The funds will vote for board-approved proposals approving such matters, except as follows:

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws (except for charter amendments necessary to effect stock splits, to change a company’s name or to authorize additional shares of common stock).

The funds will vote against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify the selection of independent auditors if there is evidence that the audit firm’s independence or the integrity of an audit is compromised.

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on other business matters where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Commentary: Charter and bylaw amendments and the transaction of other unidentified, substantive business at a shareholder meeting may directly affect shareholder rights and have a significant impact on shareholder value. As a result, the funds do not view these items as routine business matters. Putnam Management’s investment professionals and the funds’ proxy voting service may also bring to the Proxy Voting Director’s attention company-specific items that they believe to be non-routine and warranting special consideration. Under these circumstances, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis.

The fund’s proxy voting service may identify circumstances that call into question an audit firm’s independence or the integrity of an audit. These circumstances may include recent material restatements of financials, unusual audit fees, egregious contractual relationships, and aggressive accounting policies. The funds will consider proposals to ratify the selection of auditors in these circumstances on a case-by-case basis. In all other cases, given the existence of rules that enhance the independence of audit committees and auditors by, for example, prohibiting auditors from performing a range of non-audit services for audit clients, the funds will vote for the ratification of independent auditors.

II. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement.

These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of the company’s corporate governance structure or

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to change some aspect of its business operations. The funds generally will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by someone other than the chief executive officer.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals asking that director nominees receive support from holders of a majority of votes cast or a majority of shares outstanding in order to be (re)elected.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances which would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority vote requirements in the company’s charter documents.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to amend a company’s charter documents to permit shareholders to call special meetings, but only if both of the following conditions are met:

  the proposed amendment limits the right to call special meetings to shareholders holding at least 15% of the company’s outstanding shares, and

  applicable state law does not otherwise provide shareholders with the right to call special meetings.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring companies to make cash payments under management severance agreements only if both of the following conditions are met:

the company undergoes a change in control, and

  the change in control results in the termination of employment for the person receiving the severance payment.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring companies to accelerate vesting of equity awards under management severance agreements only if both of the following conditions are met:

  the company undergoes a change in control, and

  the change in control results in the termination of employment for the person receiving the severance payment.

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals to limit a company’s ability to make excise tax gross-up payments under management severance agreements.

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals requesting that the board adopt a policy to recoup, in the event of a significant restatement of financial results or significant extraordinary write-off, to the fullest extent practicable, for the benefit of the company, all performance-based bonuses or awards that were paid to senior executives based on the company having

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met or exceeded specific performance targets to the extent that the specific performance targets were not, in fact, met.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals calling for the company to obtain shareholder approval for any future golden coffins or unearned death benefits (payments or awards of unearned salary or bonus, accelerated vesting or the continuation of unvested equity awards, perquisites or other payments or awards in respect of an executive following his or her death), and for shareholder proposals calling for the company to cease providing golden coffins or unearned death benefits.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring a company to report on its executive retirement benefits (e.g., deferred compensation, split-dollar life insurance, SERPs and pension benefits).

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring a company to disclose its relationships with executive compensation consultants (e.g., whether the company, the board or the compensation committee retained the consultant, the types of services provided by the consultant over the past five years, and a list of the consultant’s clients on which any of the company’s executives serve as a director).

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals that are consistent with the funds’ proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Commentary: The funds’ Trustees believe that effective corporate reforms should be promoted by holding boards of directors – and in particular their independent directors – accountable for their actions, rather than by imposing additional legal restrictions on board governance through piecemeal proposals. As stated above, the funds’ Trustees believe that boards of directors and management are responsible for ensuring that their businesses are operating in accordance with high legal and ethical standards and should be held accountable for resulting corporate behavior. Accordingly, the funds will generally support the recommendations of boards that meet the basic independence and governance standards established in these guidelines. Where boards fail to meet these standards, the funds will generally evaluate shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. The funds will also consider proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by someone other than the company’s chief executive officer on a case-by-case basis, recognizing that in some cases this separation may advance the company’s corporate governance while in other cases it may be less necessary to the sound governance of the company. The funds will take into account the level of independent leadership on a company’s board in evaluating these proposals.

However, the funds generally support shareholder proposals to implement majority voting for directors, observing that majority voting is an emerging standard intended to encourage directors to be attentive to shareholders’ interests. The funds also generally support shareholder proposals to declassify a board, to eliminate supermajority vote requirements, or to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans. The funds’ Trustees believe that these shareholder proposals further the goals of reducing management entrenchment and conflicts of interest, and aligning management’s interests with shareholders’ interests in evaluating proposed acquisitions of the company. The Trustees also believe that shareholder proposals to limit severance payments may further these goals in some instances. In general, the funds favor arrangements in which severance payments are made to an executive only when there is a change in control and the executive loses his or her job as a result. Arrangements in which an executive receives a payment

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upon a change of control even if the executive retains employment introduce potential conflicts of interest and may distract management focus from the long term success of the company.

In evaluating shareholder proposals that address severance payments, the funds distinguish between cash and equity payments. The funds generally do not favor cash payments to executives upon a change in control transaction if the executive retains employment. However, the funds recognize that accelerated vesting of equity incentives, even without termination of employment, may help to align management and shareholder interests in some instances, and will evaluate shareholder proposals addressing accelerated vesting of equity incentive payments on a case-by-case basis.

When severance payments exceed a certain amount based on the executive’s previous compensation, the payments may be subject to an excise tax. Some compensation arrangements provide for full excise tax gross-ups, which means that the company pays the executive sufficient additional amounts to cover the cost of the excise tax. The funds are concerned that the benefits of providing full excise tax gross-ups to executives may be outweighed by the cost to the company of the gross-up payments. Accordingly, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals to curtail excise tax gross-up payments. The funds generally favor arrangements in which severance payments do not trigger an excise tax or in which the company’s obligations with respect to gross-up payments are limited in a reasonable manner.

The funds’ Trustees believe that performance-based compensation can be an effective tool for aligning management and shareholder interests. However, to fulfill its purpose, performance compensation should only be paid to executives if the performance targets are actually met. A significant restatement of financial results or a significant extraordinary write-off may reveal that executives who were previously paid performance compensation did not actually deliver the required business performance to earn that compensation. In these circumstances, it may be appropriate for the company to recoup this performance compensation. The funds will consider on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals requesting that the board adopt a policy to recoup, in the event of a significant restatement of financial results or significant extraordinary write-off, performance-based bonuses or awards paid to senior executives based on the company having met or exceeded specific performance targets to the extent that the specific performance targets were not, in fact, met. The funds do not believe that such a policy should necessarily disadvantage a company in recruiting executives, as executives should understand that they are only entitled to performance compensation based on the actual performance they deliver.

The funds’ Trustees disfavor golden coffins or unearned death benefits, and the funds will generally support shareholder proposals to restrict or terminate these practices. The Trustees will also consider whether a company’s overall compensation arrangements, taking all of the pertinent circumstances into account, constitute excessive compensation or otherwise reflect poorly on the corporate governance practices of the company. As the Trustees evaluate these matters, they will be mindful of evolving practices and legislation relevant to executive compensation and corporate governance.

The funds’ Trustees also believe that shareholder proposals that are intended to increase transparency, particularly with respect to executive compensation, without establishing rigid restrictions upon a company’s ability to attract and motivate talented executives, are generally beneficial to sound corporate governance without imposing undue burdens. The funds will generally support shareholder proposals calling for reasonable disclosure.

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III. VOTING SHARES OF NON-U.S. ISSUERS

Many of the Putnam funds invest on a global basis, and, as a result, they may hold, and have an opportunity to vote, shares in non-U.S. issuers – i.e., issuers that are incorporated under the laws of foreign jurisdictions and whose shares are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market.

In many non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer are not able to trade in that company’s stock on or around the shareholder meeting date. This practice is known as “share blocking.” In countries where share blocking is practiced, the funds will vote proxies only with direction from Putnam Management’s investment professionals.

In addition, some non-U.S. markets require that a company’s shares be re-registered out of the name of the local custodian or nominee into the name of the shareholder for the shareholder to be able to vote at the meeting. This practice is known as “share re-registration.” As a result, shareholders, including the funds, are not able to trade in that company’s stock until the shares are re-registered back in the name of the local custodian or nominee following the meeting. In countries where share re-registration is practiced, the funds will generally not vote proxies.

Protection for shareholders of non-U.S. issuers may vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Laws governing non-U.S. issuers may, in some cases, provide substantially less protection for shareholders than do U.S. laws. As a result, the guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for non-U.S. issuers. However, the funds will vote proxies of non-U.S. issuers in accordance with the guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers, except as follows:

Uncontested Board Elections 

 

China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors, or

  the board has not established audit, compensation and nominating committees each composed of a majority of independent directors.

Commentary: Whether a director is considered “independent” or not will be determined by reference to local corporate law or listing standards.

Europe ex-United Kingdom

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  the board has not established audit and compensation committees each composed of a majority of independent, non-executive directors, or

  the board has not established a nominating committee composed of a majority of independent directors.

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Commentary: An “independent director” under the European Commission’s guidelines is one who is free of any business, family or other relationship, with the company, its controlling shareholder or the management of either, that creates a conflict of interest such as to impair his judgment. A “non-executive director” is one who is not engaged in the daily management of the company.

Germany

For companies subject to “co-determination,” the funds will vote for the election of nominees to the supervisory board, except that the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis for any nominee who is either an employee of the company or who is otherwise affiliated with the company (as determined by the funds’ proxy voting service).

The funds will withhold votes for the election of a former member of the company’s managerial board to chair of the supervisory board.

Commentary: German corporate governance is characterized by a two-tier board system—a managerial board composed of the company’s executive officers, and a supervisory board. The supervisory board appoints the members of the managerial board. Shareholders elect members of the supervisory board, except that in the case of companies with a large number of employees, company employees are allowed to elect some of the supervisory board members (one-half of supervisory board members are elected by company employees at companies with more than 2,000 employees; one-third of the supervisory board members are elected by company employees at companies with more than 500 employees but fewer than 2,000). This “co-determination” practice may increase the chances that the supervisory board of a large German company does not contain a majority of independent members. In this situation, under the Fund’s proxy voting guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers, the funds would vote against all nominees. However, in the case of companies subject to “co-determination” and with the goal of supporting independent nominees, the Funds will vote for supervisory board members who are neither employees of the company nor otherwise affiliated with the company.

Consistent with the funds’ belief that the interests of shareholders are best protected by boards with strong, independent leadership, the funds will withhold votes for the election of former chairs of the managerial board to chair of the supervisory board.

Hong Kong

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors, or

  the board has not established audit, compensation and nominating committees each with at least a majority of its members being independent directors, or

  the chair of the audit, compensation or nominating committee is not an independent director.

Commentary. For purposes of these guidelines, an “independent director” is a director that has no material, financial or other current relationships with the company. In determining whether a director is independent, the funds will apply the standards included in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited Section 3.13.

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Italy

The funds will withhold votes from any director not identified in the proxy materials.

Commentary: In Italy, companies have the right to nominate co-opted directors for election to the board at the next annual general meeting, but do not have to indicate, until the day of the annual meeting, whether or not they are nominating a co-opted director for election. When a company does not explicitly state in its proxy materials that co-opted directors are standing for election, shareholders will not know for sure who the board nominees are until the actual meeting occurs. The funds will withhold support from any such co-opted director on the grounds that there was insufficient information for evaluation before the meeting.

Japan

For companies that have established a U.S.-style corporate governance structure, the funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  the board does not have a majority of outside directors,

  the board has not established nominating and compensation committees composed of a majority of outside directors, or

  the board has not established an audit committee composed of a majority of independent directors.

The funds will withhold votes for the appointment of members of a company’s board of statutory auditors if a majority of the members of the board of statutory auditors is not independent.

Commentary:

Board structure: Recent amendments to the Japanese Commercial Code give companies the option to adopt a U.S.-style corporate governance structure (i.e., a board of directors and audit, nominating, and compensation committees). The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s articles of incorporation to adopt the U.S.-style corporate structure.

Definition of outside director and independent director: Corporate governance principles in Japan focus on the distinction between outside directors and independent directors. Under these principles, an outside director is a director who is not and has never been a director, executive, or employee of the company or its parent company, subsidiaries or affiliates. An outside director is “independent” if that person can make decisions completely independent from the managers of the company, its parent, subsidiaries, or affiliates and does not have a material relationship with the company (i.e., major client, trading partner, or other business relationship; familial relationship with current director or executive; etc.). The guidelines have incorporated these definitions in applying the board independence standards above.

Korea

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  fewer than half of the directors are outside directors,

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  the board has not established a nominating committee with at least half of the members being outside directors, or

  the board has not established an audit committee composed of at least three members and in which at least two-thirds of its members are outside directors.

The funds will vote withhold votes from nominees to the audit committee if the board has not established an audit committee composed of (or proposed to be composed of) at least three members, and of which at least two-thirds of its members are (or will be) outside directors.

Commentary: For purposes of these guidelines, an “outside director” is a director that is independent from the management or controlling shareholders of the company, and holds no interests that might impair the performance his or her duties impartially with respect to the company, management or controlling shareholder. In determining whether a director is an outside director, the funds will also apply the standards included in Article 415-2(2) of the Korean Commercial Code (i.e., no employment relationship with the company for a period of two years before serving on the committee, no director or employment relationship with the company’s largest shareholder, etc.) and may consider other business relationships that would affect the independence of an outside director.

Malaysia

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  in the case of a board with an independent director serving as chair, fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors; or, in the case of a board not chaired by an independent director, less than a majority of the directors are independent directors,

  the board has not established audit and nominating committees with at least a majority of the members being independent directors and all of the members being non-executive directors, or

  the board has not established a compensation committee with at least a majority of the members being non-executive directors.

Commentary. For purposes of these guidelines, an “independent director” is a director who has no material, financial or other current relationships with the company. In determining whether a director is independent, the funds will apply the standards included in the Malaysia Code of Corporate Governance, Commentary to Recommendation 3.1. A “non-executive director” is a director who does not take on primary responsibility for leadership of the company.

Russia

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis for the election of nominees to the board of directors.

Commentary: In Russia, director elections are typically handled through a cumulative voting process. Cumulative voting allows shareholders to cast all of their votes for a single nominee for the board of directors, or to allocate their votes among nominees in any other way. In contrast, in “regular” voting, shareholders may not give more than one vote per share to any single nominee. Cumulative voting can help to strengthen the ability of minority shareholders to elect a director.

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In Russia, as in some other emerging markets, standards of corporate governance are usually behind those in developed markets. Rather than vote against the entire board of directors, as the funds generally would in the case of a company whose board fails to meet the funds’ standards for independence, the funds may, on a case by case basis, cast all of their votes for one or more independent director nominees. The funds believe that it is important to increase the number of independent directors on the boards of Russian companies to mitigate the risks associated with dominant shareholders.

Singapore

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  in the case of a board with an independent director serving as chair, fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors; or, in the case of a board not chaired by an independent director, fewer than half of the directors are independent directors,

  the board has not established audit and compensation committees, each with an independent director serving as chair, with at least a majority of the members being independent directors, and with all of the directors being non-executive directors, or

  the board has not established a nominating committee, with an independent director serving as chair, and with at least a majority of the members being independent directors.

Commentary: For purposes of these guidelines, an “independent director” is a director that has no material, financial or other current relationships with the company. In determining whether a director is independent, the funds will apply the standards included in the Singapore Code of Corporate Governance, Guideline 2.3. A “non-executive director” is a director who is not employed with the company.

United Kingdom

The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

  fewer than half of the directors are independent non-executive directors,

  the board has not established a nomination committee composed of a majority of independent non-executive directors, or

  the board has not established compensation and audit committees composed of (1) at least three directors (in the case of smaller companies, two directors) and (2) solely independent non-executive directors, provided that, to the extent permitted under the United Kingdom’s Combined Code on Corporate Governance, the company chairman may serve on (but not serve as chairman of) the compensation and audit committees if the chairman was considered independent upon his or her appointment as chairman.

The funds will withhold votes from any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation within the last three years from the company other than for service as a director, such as investment banking, consulting, legal, or financial advisory fees.

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The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s articles of association to authorize boards to approve situations that might be interpreted to present potential conflicts of interest affecting a director.

Commentary:

Application of guidelines: Although the United Kingdom’s Combined Code on Corporate Governance (“Combined Code”) has adopted the “comply and explain” approach to corporate governance, the funds’ Trustees believe that the guidelines discussed above with respect to board independence standards are integral to the protection of investors in U.K. companies. As a result, these guidelines will generally be applied in a prescriptive manner.

Definition of independence: For the purposes of these guidelines, a non-executive director shall be considered independent if the director meets the independence standards in section A.3.1 of the Combined Code (i.e., no material business or employment relationships with the company, no remuneration from the company for non-board services, no close family ties with senior employees or directors of the company, etc.), except that the funds do not view service on the board for more than nine years as affecting a director’s independence. Company chairmen in the U.K. are generally considered affiliated upon appointment as chairman due to the nature of the position of chairman. Consistent with the Combined Code, a company chairman who was considered independent upon appointment as chairman: may serve as a member of, but not as the chairman of, the compensation (remuneration) committee; and, in the case of smaller companies, may serve as a member of, but not as the chairman of, the audit committee.

Smaller companies: A smaller company is one that is below the FTSE 350 throughout the year immediately prior to the reporting year.

Conflicts of interest: The Companies Act 2006 requires a director to avoid a situation in which he or she has, or can have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or possibly may conflict, with the interests of the company. This broadly written requirement could be construed to prevent a director from becoming a trustee or director of another organization. Provided there are reasonable safeguards, such as the exclusion of the relevant director from deliberations, the funds believe that the board may approve this type of potential conflict of interest in its discretion.

All other jurisdictions

The funds will vote for supervisory board nominees when the supervisory board meets the funds’ independence standards, otherwise the funds will vote against supervisory board nominees.

Commentary: Companies in many jurisdictions operate under the oversight of supervisory boards. In the absence of jurisdiction-specific guidelines, the funds will generally hold supervisory boards to the same standards of independence as it applies to boards of directors in the United States.

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Contested Board Elections 

 

Italy

The funds will vote for the management- or board-sponsored slate of nominees if the board meets the funds’ independence standards, and against the management- or board-sponsored slate of nominees if the board does not meet the funds’ independence standards; the funds will not vote on shareholder-proposed slates of nominees.

Commentary: Contested elections in Italy may involve a variety of competing slates of nominees. In these circumstances, the funds will focus their analysis on the board- or management-sponsored slate.

Corporate Governance 

 

The funds will vote for proposals to change the size of a board if the board meets the funds’ independence standards, and against proposals to change the size of a board if the board does not meet the funds’ independence standards.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of a company’s directors to be independent of management.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit, and compensation committees.

The funds will vote for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

Australia

The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board spill resolutions.

Commentary: The Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Compensation) Bill 2011 provides that, if a company’s remuneration report receives a “no” vote of 25% or more of all votes cast at two consecutive annual general meetings, at the second annual general meeting, a spill resolution must be proposed. If the spill resolution is approved (by simple majority), then a further meeting to elect a new board (excluding the managing director) must be held within 90 days. The funds will consider board spill resolutions on a case-by-case basis.

Europe

The funds will vote for proposals to ratify board acts, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

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Taiwan

The funds will vote against proposals to release directors from their non-competition obligations (their obligations not to engage in any business that is competitive with the company), unless the proposal is narrowly drafted to permit directors to engage in a business that is competitive with the company only on behalf of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company.

Compensation 

 

The funds will vote for proposals to approve annual directors’ fees, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis in each case in which the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against such a proposal.

The funds will vote for non-binding proposals to approve remuneration reports, except that the funds will vote against proposals to approve remuneration reports that indicate that awards under a long-term incentive plan are not linked to performance targets.

Commentary: Since proposals relating to directors’ fees for non-U.S. issuers generally address relatively modest fees paid to non-executive directors, the funds generally support these proposals, provided that the fees are consistent with directors’ fees paid by the company’s peers and do not otherwise appear unwarranted. Consistent with the approach taken for U.S. issuers, the funds generally favor compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance and will support non-binding remuneration reports unless such a correlation is not made.

Europe and Asia ex-Japan

In the case of proposals that do not include sufficient information for determining average annual dilution, the funds will will vote for stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average gross potential dilution of 5% or less.

Commentary: Asia ex-Japan means China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. In these markets, companies may not disclose the life of the plan and there may not be a specific number of shares requested; therefore, it may not be possible to determine the average annual dilution related to the plan and apply the funds’ standard dilution test.

France

The funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan or share save scheme that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 70% of their market value; (2) the vesting period is greater than or equal to 10 years; (3) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (4) dilution is 10% or less.

Commentary: To conform to local market practice, the funds support plans or schemes at French issuers that permit the purchase of shares at up to a 30% discount (i.e., shares may be purchased for no less than 70% of their market value). By comparison, for U.S. issuers, the funds do not support employee stock purchase plans that permit shares to be acquired at more than a 15% discount (i.e., for less than 85% of their market value); in the United Kingdom, up to a 20% discount is permitted.

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United Kingdom

The funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan or share save scheme that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 80% of their market value; (2) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (3) dilution is 10% or less.

Commentary: These are the same features that the funds require of employee stock purchase plans proposed by U.S. issuers, except that, to conform to local market practice, the funds support plans or schemes at United Kingdom issuers that permit the purchase of shares at up to a 20% discount (i.e., shares may be purchased for no less than 80% of their market value). By comparison, for U.S. issuers, the funds do not support employee stock purchase plans that permit shares to be acquired at more than a 15% discount (i.e., for less than 85% of their market value).

Capitalization 

 

Unless a proposal is directly addressed by a country-specific guideline:

The funds will vote for proposals

  to issue additional common stock representing up to 20% of the company’s outstanding common stock, where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or

  to issue additional common stock representing up to 100% of the company’s outstanding common stock, where shareholders do have preemptive rights.

The funds will vote for proposals to authorize share repurchase programs that are recommended for approval by the funds’ proxy voting service; otherwise, the funds will vote against such proposals.

Australia

The funds will vote for proposals to carve out, from the general cap on non-pro rata share issues of 15% of total equity in a rolling 12-month period, a particular proposed issue of shares or a particular issue of shares made previously within the 12-month period, if the company’s board meets the funds’ independence standards; if the company’s board does not meet the funds’ independence standards, then the funds will vote against these proposals.

The funds will vote for proposals to approve the grant of equity awards to directors, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

China

The funds will vote for proposals to issue and/or to trade in non-convertible, convertible and/or exchangeable debt obligations, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

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Hong Kong

The funds will vote for proposals to approve a general mandate permitting the company to engage in non-pro rata share issues of up to 20% of total equity in a year if the company’s board meets the funds’ independence standards; if the company’s board does not meet the funds’ independence standards, then the funds will vote against these proposals.

The funds will for proposals to approve the reissuance of shares acquired by the company under a share repurchase program, provided that: (1) the funds supported (or would have supported, in accordance with these guidelines) the share repurchase program, (2) the reissued shares represent no more than 10% of the company’s outstanding shares (measured immediately before the reissuance), and (3) the reissued shares are sold for no less than 85% of current market value.

France

The funds will vote for proposals to increase authorized shares, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

The funds will vote against proposals to authorize the issuance of common stock or convertible debt instruments and against proposals to authorize the repurchase and/or reissuance of shares where those authorizations may be used, without further shareholder approval, as anti-takeover measures.

New Zealand

The funds will vote for proposals to approve the grant of equity awards to directors, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Commentary: In light of the prevalence of certain types of capitalization proposals in Australia, China, Hong Kong, France and New Zealand, the funds have adopted guidelines specific to those jurisdictions.

Other Business Matters 

 

The funds will vote for proposals permitting companies to deliver reports and other materials electronically (e.g., via website posting).

The funds will vote for proposals permitting companies to issue regulatory reports in English.

The funds will vote against proposals to shorten shareholder meeting notice periods to fourteen days.

Commentary: Under Directive 2007/36/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, companies have the option to request shareholder approval to set the notice period for special meetings at 14 days provided that certain electronic voting and communication requirements are met. The funds believe that the 14 day notice period is too short to provide overseas shareholders with sufficient time to analyze proposals and to participate meaningfully at special meetings and, as a result, have determined to vote against such proposals.

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The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Commentary: If the substance of any proposed amendment is covered by a specific guideline included herein, then that guideline will govern.

France

The funds will vote for proposals to approve a company’s related party transactions, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

If a company has not proposed an opt-out clause in its articles of association and the implementation of double-voting rights has not been approved by shareholders, the funds will vote against the ratification of board acts for the previous fiscal year, will withhold votes from the re-election of members of the board’s governance committee (or in the absence of a governance committee, against the chair of the board or the next session board member up for re-election) and, if there is no opportunity to vote against ratification of board acts or to withhold votes from directors, will vote against the approval of the company’s accounts and reports.

Commentary: In France, shareholders are generally requested to approve any agreement between the company and: (i) its directors, chair of the board, CEO and deputy CEOs; (ii) the members of the supervisory board and management board, for companies with a dual structure; and (iii) a shareholder who directly or indirectly owns at least 10% of the company’s voting rights. This includes agreements under which compensation may be paid to executive officers after the end of their employment, such as severance payments, supplementary retirement plans and non-competition agreements. The funds will generally support these proposals unless the funds’ proxy voting service recommends a vote against, in which case the funds will consider the proposal on a case-by-case basis.

Under French law, shareholders of French companies with shares held in registered form under the same name for at least two years will automatically be granted double-voting rights, unless a company has amended its articles of association to opt out of the double-voting rights regime. Awarding double-voting rights in this manner is likely to disadvantage non-French institutional shareholders. Accordingly, the funds will take actions to signal disapproval of double-voting rights at companies that have not opted-out from the double-voting rights regime and that have not obtained shareholder approval of the double-voting rights regime.

Germany

The funds will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on shareholder countermotions added to a company’s meeting agenda, unless the countermotion is directly addressed by one of the funds’ other guidelines.

Commentary: In Germany, shareholders are able to add both proposals and countermotions to a meeting agenda. Countermotions, which must correspond to a proposal on the agenda, generally call for shareholders to oppose the existing proposal, although they may also propose separate voting decisions. Countermotions may be proposed by any shareholder and they are typically added throughout the period between the publication of the meeting agenda and the meeting date. This guideline reflects the funds’

August 31, 2015  II-129 

 



intention to focus on the original proposal, which is expected to be presented a reasonable period of time before the shareholder meeting so that the funds will have an appropriate opportunity to evaluate it.

The funds will vote for proposals to approve profit-and-loss transfer agreements between a controlling company and its subsidiaries.

Commentary: These agreements are customary in Germany and are typically entered into for tax purposes. In light of this and the prevalence of these proposals, the funds have adopted a guideline to vote for this type of proposal.

Taiwan

The funds will vote for proposals to amend a Taiwanese company’s procedural rules.

Commentary: Since procedural rules, which address such matters as a company’s policies with respect to capital loans, endorsements and guarantees, and acquisitions and disposal of assets, are generally adopted or amended to conform to changes in local regulations governing these transactions, the funds have adopted a guideline to vote for these transactions.

As adopted January 23, 2015

August 31, 2015  II-130 

 



Proxy voting procedures of the Putnam funds 

 

The proxy voting procedures below explain the role of the funds’ Trustees, proxy voting service and Director of Proxy Voting and Corporate Governance (“Proxy Voting Director”), as well as how the process will work when a proxy question needs to be handled on a case-by-case basis, or when there may be a conflict of interest.

The role of the funds’ Trustees

The Trustees of the Putnam funds exercise control of the voting of proxies through their Board Policy and Nominating Committee, which is composed entirely of independent Trustees. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee oversees the proxy voting process and participates, as needed, in the resolution of issues that need to be handled on a case-by-case basis. The Committee annually reviews and recommends, for Trustee approval, guidelines governing the funds’ proxy votes, including how the funds vote on specific proposals and which matters are to be considered on a case-by-case basis. The Trustees are assisted in this process by their independent administrative staff (“Office of the Trustees”), independent legal counsel, and an independent proxy voting service. The Trustees also receive assistance from Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”), the funds’ investment advisor, on matters involving investment judgments. In all cases, the ultimate decision on voting proxies rests with the Trustees, acting as fiduciaries on behalf of the shareholders of the funds.

The role of the proxy voting service

The funds have engaged an independent proxy voting service to assist in the voting of proxies. The proxy voting service is responsible for coordinating with the funds’ custodian(s) to ensure that all proxy materials received by the custodians relating to the funds’ portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion. To the extent applicable, the proxy voting service votes all proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines established by the Trustees. The proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Voting Director for instructions under circumstances where: (1) the application of the proxy voting guidelines is unclear; (2) a particular proxy question is not covered by the guidelines; or (3) the guidelines call for specific instructions on a case-by-case basis. The proxy voting service is also requested to call to the attention of the Proxy Voting Director specific proxy questions that, while governed by a guideline, appear to involve unusual or controversial issues. The funds also utilize research services relating to proxy questions provided by the proxy voting service and by other firms.

The role of the Proxy Voting Director

The Proxy Voting Director, a member of the Office of the Trustees, assists in the coordination and voting of the funds’ proxies. The Proxy Voting Director will deal directly with the proxy voting service and, in the case of proxy questions referred by the proxy voting service, will solicit voting recommendations and instructions from the Office of the Trustees, the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, and Putnam Management’s investment professionals, as appropriate.

August 31, 2015  II-131 

 



The Proxy Voting Director is responsible for ensuring that these questions and referrals are responded to in a timely fashion and for transmitting appropriate voting instructions to the proxy voting service. In addition, the Proxy Voting Director is the contact person for receiving recommendations from Putnam Management’s investment professionals with respect to any proxy question in circumstances where the investment professional believes that the interests of fund shareholders warrant a vote contrary to the fund’s proxy voting guidelines.

On occasion, representatives of a company in which the funds have an investment may wish to meet with the company’s shareholders in advance of the company’s shareholder meeting, typically to explain and to provide the company’s perspective on the proposals up for consideration at the meeting. As a general matter, the Proxy Voting Director will participate in meetings with these company representatives.

Voting procedures for referral items

As discussed above, the proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Voting Director under certain circumstances. Unless the referred proxy question involves investment considerations (i.e., the proxy question might be seen as having a bearing on the economic interests of a shareholder in the company), the Proxy Voting Director will assist in interpreting the guidelines and, if necessary, consult with a senior staff member of the Office of the Trustees and/or the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee on how the funds’ shares will be voted.

For referred proxy questions that involve investment considerations, the Proxy Voting Director will refer such questions, through an electronic request form, to Putnam Management’s investment professionals for a voting recommendation. Such referrals will be made in cooperation with the person or persons designated by Putnam Management’s Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing such referral items. In connection with each item referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals, the Legal and Compliance Department will conduct a conflicts of interest review, as described below under “Conflicts of interest,” and provide electronically a conflicts of interest report (the “Conflicts Report”) to the Proxy Voting Director describing the results of such review. After receiving a referral item from the Proxy Voting Director, Putnam Management’s investment professionals will provide a recommendation electronically to the Proxy Voting Director and the person or persons designated by the Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing referral items. Such recommendation will set forth (1) how the proxies should be voted; and (2) any contacts the investment professionals have had with respect to the referral item with non-investment personnel of Putnam Management or with outside parties (except for routine communications from proxy solicitors). The Proxy Voting Director will review the recommendation of Putnam Management’s investment professionals (and the related Conflicts Report) in determining how to vote the funds’ proxies. The Proxy Voting Director will maintain a record of all proxy questions that have been referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals, the voting recommendation, and the Conflicts Report.

August 31, 2015  II-132 

 



In some situations, the Proxy Voting Director may determine that a particular proxy question raises policy issues requiring consultation with the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, who, in turn, may decide to bring the particular proxy question to the Committee or the full Board of Trustees for consideration.

Conflicts of interest

Occasions may arise where a person or organization involved in the proxy voting process may have a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest may exist, for example, if Putnam Management has a business relationship with (or is actively soliciting business from) either the company soliciting the proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote. Any individual with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., familial relationship with company management) relating to a particular referral item shall disclose that conflict to the Proxy Voting Director and the Legal and Compliance Department and otherwise remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process. The Legal and Compliance Department will review each item referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals to determine if a conflict of interest exists and will provide the Proxy Voting Director with a Conflicts Report for each referral item that (1) describes any conflict of interest; (2) discusses the procedures used to address such conflict of interest; and (3) discloses any contacts from parties outside Putnam Management (other than routine communications from proxy solicitors) with respect to the referral item not otherwise reported in an investment professional’s recommendation. The Conflicts Report will also include written confirmation that any recommendation from an investment professional provided under circumstances where a conflict of interest exists was made solely on the investment merits and without regard to any other consideration.

As adopted March 11, 2005 and revised June 12, 2009 and January 24, 2014.

August 31, 2015  II-133 

 



Appendix B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

August 31, 2015  II-134 

 









Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Trustees and Shareholders Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund:

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund), including the fund’s portfolio, as of May 31, 2015, and the related statement of operations for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended. These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of May 31, 2015, by correspondence with the custodian and brokers or by other appropriate auditing procedures. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund as of May 31, 2015, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

put855_kpmgsignature.jpg

Boston, Massachusetts
July 14, 2015




20     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund








The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations

AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

BAM Build America Mutual

COP Certificates of Participation

FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

FHLMC Coll. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Collateralized

FNMA Coll. Federal National Mortgage Association Collateralized

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

GNMA Coll. Government National Mortgage Association Collateralized

MAC Municipal Assurance Corporation

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.7%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Arizona (92.5%)

AZ Agricultural Impt. & Pwr. Dist. Elec. Syst. Rev. Bonds (Salt River), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/27

Aa1

$1,000,000

$1,092,150

AZ Board of Regents Syst. VRDN (AZ State U.), Ser. B, 0.1s, 7/1/34

VMIG1

600,000

600,000

AZ Game & Fish Dept. and Comm. Rev. Bonds (AGF Administration Bldg.), 5s, 7/1/21

A2

700,000

731,563

AZ School Fac. Board COP, 5 3/4s, 9/1/22

Aa3

1,000,000

1,131,350

AZ State COP, Ser. A, AGM, 5s, 10/1/29

AA

500,000

558,795

AZ State Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Banner Hlth.), Ser. D, 5 1/2s, 1/1/38

AA–

1,750,000

1,898,497

(Scottsdale Hlth. Care), 5s, 12/1/28

A2

500,000

571,870

AZ State Hlth. Fac. Auth. VRDN (Catholic West), Ser. B, 0.1s, 7/1/35

VMIG1

500,000

500,000

AZ State Hlth. Fac. Auth. Hlth. Care Ed. Rev. Bonds (Kirksville College), 5 1/8s, 1/1/30

A–

750,000

840,855

AZ State Sports & Tourism Auth. Rev. Bonds (Multi-Purpose Stadium Fac.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/30

A1

500,000

531,490

AZ State Trans. Board Hwy. Rev. Bonds

5s, 7/1/32

AAA

885,000

1,020,166

Ser. B, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 7/1/31 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

AAA

500,000

557,720

Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/23

AA+

500,000

593,450

5s, 7/1/20

Aa1

250,000

290,895

AZ State U. Nanotechnology, LLC Lease Rev. Bonds (Nanotechnology, LLC), Ser. A, AGO, 5s, 3/1/34

AA

500,000

548,905

AZ Wtr. Infrastructure Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/25

Aaa

500,000

593,880

(Wtr. Quality), Ser. A, 3s, 10/1/17

Aaa

500,000

524,605

Casa Grande, Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Casa Grande Regl. Med. Ctr.) escrow, 7 1/4s, 12/1/19 F

D/P

150,000

448

El Mirage G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 7/1/42

AA

250,000

267,818

Flagstaff, G.O. Bonds, Ser. B, 5s, 7/1/21

Aa2

200,000

233,924





Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.7%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Arizona cont.

Gilbert, Pub. Facs. Rev. Bonds

5s, 7/1/20

Aa1

$250,000

$291,293

5s, 7/1/18

Aa1

500,000

557,720

Glendale, Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Midwestern U.), 5 1/8s, 5/15/40

A–

1,000,000

1,106,270

(John C. Lincoln Hlth. Network), 5s, 12/1/42 (Prerefunded 12/1/17)

AAA/P

500,000

550,060

(John C. Lincoln Hlth. Network), Ser. B, 5s, 12/1/37 (Prerefunded 12/1/15)

AAA/P

500,000

511,780

Glendale, Wtr. & Swr. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 7/1/21

AA

500,000

587,000

Goodyear Cmnty., Fac. Utils. G.O. Bonds (Dist. No. 1), 4s, 7/15/21

A1

150,000

163,218

Goodyear, Wtr. & Swr. Rev. Bonds, AGM, 5 1/2s, 7/1/41

AA

500,000

580,715

Maricopa Cnty. & Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Mtge. Rev. Bonds (Single Fam.), Ser. A-2, GNMA Coll., FNMA Coll., FHLMC Coll., 5.8s, 7/1/40

Aaa

35,000

37,020

Maricopa Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hlth. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Catholic Hlth. Care West), Ser. A, 6s, 7/1/39

A

750,000

859,298

Maricopa Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Samaritan Hlth. Svcs.), Ser. A, NATL, U.S. Govt. Coll., 7s, 12/1/16 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

1,310,000

1,365,544

Maricopa Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. Mandatory Put Bonds (6/3/24) (Waste Mgt., Inc.), 3 3/8s, 12/1/31

A–

250,000

263,200

Maricopa Cnty., Kyrene Elementary School Dist. No. 28 G.O. Bonds (School Impt.), Ser. C-10, 5s, 7/1/34

Aa1

250,000

284,515

Maricopa Cnty., Poll. Control Rev. Bonds

(El Paso Elec. Co.), Ser. A, 7 1/4s, 2/1/40

Baa1

1,050,000

1,213,044

(Southern CA Edl. Co.), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/35

Aa3

650,000

719,732

Maricopa Cnty., Queen Creek Unified School Dist. No. 95 G.O. Bonds, 5s, 7/1/25

Aa3

200,000

239,564

Maricopa Cnty., Regl. Pub. Trans. Auth. Fund Rev. Bonds (Trans. Excise Tax), 5 1/4s, 7/1/24

AA+

435,000

542,410

Maricopa Cnty., Unified School Dist. G.O. Bonds

(No. 60 Higley School Impt.), Ser. C, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 7/1/27 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

A1

1,000,000

1,117,050

(No. 89 Dysart), 5s, 7/1/25

A+

500,000

594,240

McAllister, Academic Village Rev. Bonds (AZ State U. Hassayampa), 5 1/4s, 7/1/26

AA–

750,000

834,038

Mesa, St. & Hwy. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 7/1/21

AA

500,000

588,880

Mesa, Util. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 7/1/35

Aa2

750,000

841,613

Navajo Cnty., Poll. Control Corp.

Mandatory Put Bonds (6/1/16) (AZ Pub. Svc. Co. Cholla Pwr. Plant), Ser. E, 5 3/4s, 6/1/34

A3

800,000

837,504

Mandatory Put Bonds (11/17/15) (AZ Pub. Svsc. Co. Cholla Pwr. Plant), Ser. A, 0.45s, 6/1/34

A3

250,000

249,875





22     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.7%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Arizona cont.

Northern AZ U. Rev. Bonds

5s, 6/1/36

A1

$450,000

$493,605

5s, 6/1/34

A1

250,000

278,723

Peoria, Dev. Auth. Inc. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 7/1/23

AA+

500,000

575,020

Phoenix & Pima Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Single Fam.), Ser. 4, GNMA Coll., FNMA Coll., FHLMC Coll., 5.8s, 12/1/39

Aaa

15,000

15,477

Phoenix, G.O. Bonds, 4s, 7/1/24

Aa1

500,000

569,275

Phoenix, Civic Impt. Corp. Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/40

A1

500,000

534,360

Phoenix, Civic Impt. Corp. Dist. Rev. Bonds (Civic Plaza), Ser. B, FGIC, NATL, 5 1/2s, 7/1/43

Aa2

1,000,000

1,265,510

Phoenix, Civic Impt. Corp. Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds

5 1/2s, 7/1/24

AAA

500,000

567,210

5s, 7/1/29

AA+

500,000

586,315

Phoenix, Civic Impt. Corp. Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/39

AAA

500,000

557,205

Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. Rev. Bonds

(Great Hearts Academies), 6s, 7/1/32

BB/F

250,000

266,590

(BASIS School, Inc.), 5s, 7/1/35

BB

100,000

101,820

(Choice Academies, Inc.), 4 7/8s, 9/1/22

BB+

200,000

208,726

(Great Hearts Academies), 3 3/4s, 7/1/24

BB+

275,000

276,469

Pima Cnty., G.O. Bonds, 5s, 7/1/26

AA–

490,000

567,342

Pima Cnty. (Unified School Dist. No. 6) G.O. Bonds, MAC, 4s, 7/1/28

AA

200,000

211,036

Pima Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Horizon Cmnty. Learning Ctr.), 5 1/4s, 6/1/35

BBB

200,000

200,240

(Providence Day School, Inc.), 5 1/8s, 12/1/40

BBB+

500,000

522,980

(Horizon Cmnty. Learning Ctr.), 5.05s, 6/1/25

BBB

125,000

125,133

Pima Cnty., Regl. Trans. Fund Excise Tax Rev. Bonds, 5s, 6/1/23

AA+

195,000

236,418

Pima Cnty., Swr. Rev. Bonds

Ser. B, 5s, 7/1/26

AA–

500,000

578,920

AGM, 5s, 7/1/23

AA

250,000

287,995

Pinal Cnty., Rev. Bonds, 5s, 8/1/18

AA–

250,000

278,718

Pinal Cnty., Elec. Rev. Bonds (Dist. No. 3), 5 1/4s, 7/1/36

A

350,000

393,239

Pinal Cnty., Elec. Syst. Rev. Bonds (Dist. No. 4), 6s, 12/1/38 (Prerefunded 12/1/18)

A–

500,000

580,960

Rio Nuevo, Multi-Purpose Fac. Dist. Rev. Bonds, AGO, 6s, 7/15/19

AA

1,000,000

1,137,160

Salt Verde, Fin. Corp. Gas Rev. Bonds

5 1/2s, 12/1/29

A–

150,000

180,644

5s, 12/1/37

A–

750,000

835,605

Scottsdale, Muni. Property Corp. Excise Tax Rev. Bonds

5s, 7/1/24

AAA

1,125,000

1,360,643

5s, 7/1/21

AAA

300,000

354,084





Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.7%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Arizona cont.

Student & Academic Svcs., LLC Rev. Bonds (Northern AZ Cap. Fac. Fin. Corp.), BAM, 5s, 6/1/25

AA

$200,000

$233,904

Sundance Cmnty., Fac. Dist. G.O. Bonds, MAC, 4s, 7/15/24

AA

250,000

266,515

Tempe, Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Friendship Village), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 12/1/42

BB–/P

250,000

270,020

U. Med. Ctr. Corp. AZ Hosp. Rev. Bonds, U.S. Govt. Coll.

6 1/2s, 7/1/39 (Prerefunded 7/1/19)

AAA/P

500,000

596,770

6 1/4s, 7/1/29 (Prerefunded 7/1/19)

AAA/P

500,000

591,855

5s, 7/1/35 (Prerefunded 7/1/15)

AAA/P

250,000

250,940

U. of AZ Board of Regents Syst. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/35

Aa2

500,000

557,515

5s, 6/1/20

Aa2

200,000

232,098

5s, 6/1/19

Aa2

300,000

341,187

Vistancia, Cmnty. Fac. Dist. G.O. Bonds, 4.4s, 7/15/21

A1

500,000

511,720

Yavapai Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Yavapai Regl. Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 8/1/33

Baa1

100,000

110,902

Yavapai Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. Rev. Bonds (Waste Mgmt., Inc.), Ser. A-1, 4.9s, 3/1/28

A–

500,000

517,815

Yavapai Cnty., Indl. Dev. Ed. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Agribusiness & Equine Ctr.), 5s, 3/1/32

BB+

265,000

269,002

Yuma, Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Yuma Regl. Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 8/1/32

A–

400,000

453,432

47,375,061

Guam (2.2%)

Territory of GU, Bus. Privilege Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/31

A

250,000

275,483

Territory of GU, Govt. Hotel Occupancy Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6s, 11/1/26

A–

250,000

296,440

Territory of GU, Govt. Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds (Section 30), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 12/1/34

BBB+

250,000

281,843

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

150,000

166,289

Territory of GU, Pwr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 10/1/40

BBB

100,000

110,781

1,130,836

Mississippi (1.0%)

MS State Bus. Fin. Commission Gulf Opportunity Zone VRDN (Chevron USA, Inc.), Ser. B, 0.06s, 12/1/30

VMIG1

500,000

500,000

500,000

Puerto Rico (1.2%)

Children’s Trust Fund Tobacco Settlement (The) Rev. Bonds, 5 1/2s, 5/15/39

BBB–

100,000

100,836

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 8/1/37

CCC+

175,000

108,505

Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

285,000

175,996





24     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.7%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Puerto Rico cont.

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. C, 5 3/8s, 8/1/36

CCC+

$105,000

$65,891

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/40

CCC+

230,000

163,302

614,530

Virgin Islands (1.8%)

VI Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 6s, 10/1/39

Baa3

150,000

167,258

Ser. A-1, 5s, 10/1/39

Baa2

175,000

185,269

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/25

Baa2

200,000

222,362

VI Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 5/15/31

A3

345,000

345,473


920,362



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $46,785,113)

$50,540,789



Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $51,216,266.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

F

This security is valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Securities may be classified as Level 2 or Level 3 for ASC 820 based on the securities’ valuation inputs (Note 1).

On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates.

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Utilities

20.5%

Tax bonds

20.1

Education

15.7

Prerefunded

12.0





Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$50,540,341 

$448 

Totals by level

$— 

$50,540,341 

$448 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.

At the start and close of the reporting period, Level 3 investments in securities represented less than 1% of the fund’s net assets and were not considered a significant portion of the fund’s portfolio.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




26     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $46,785,113)

$50,540,789 

Cash

261,749 

Interest and other receivables

921,665 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

3,539 

Prepaid assets

5,783 

Total assets

51,733,525 

LIABILITIES

Payable for investments purchased

283,373 

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

38,585 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

16,380 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,212 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

5,884 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

59,607 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

192 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

19,300 

Payable for auditing and tax fees

51,420 

Distributions payable to shareholders

28,989 

Other accrued expenses

11,317 

Total liabilities

517,259 

Net assets

$51,216,266 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$49,092,828 

Distributions in excess of net investment income (Note 1)

(28,990)

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)

(1,603,248)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

3,755,676 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$51,216,266 

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($44,633,330 divided by 4,854,617 shares)

$9.19 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.19)*

$9.57 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($849,517 divided by 92,509 shares)**

$9.18 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($2,305,375 divided by 250,495 shares)**

$9.20 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($1,004,712 divided by 109,068 shares)

$9.21 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.21)†

$9.52 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($2,423,332 divided by 263,230 shares)

$9.21 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$2,184,637 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

227,692 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

29,879 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

6,787 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

1,887 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

135,154 

Administrative services (Note 2)

1,371 

Auditing and tax fees

61,130 

Other

42,676 

Fees waived and reimbursed by Manager (Note 2)

(6,997)

Total expenses

499,579 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(54)

Net expenses

499,525 

Net investment income

1,685,112 

Net realized gain on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

223,636 

Net unrealized depreciation of investments during the year

(112,253)

Net gain on investments

111,383 

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$1,796,495 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




28     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of changes in net assets

DECREASE IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$1,685,112 

$2,034,909 

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

223,636 

(564,364)

Net unrealized depreciation of investments

(112,253)

(1,108,606)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

1,796,495 

361,939 

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Taxable net investment income

Class A

(344)

Class B

(8)

Class C

(17)

Class M

(7)

Class Y

(22)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(1,432,729)

(1,764,417)

Class B

(25,517)

(40,230)

Class C

(56,043)

(73,166)

Class M

(28,843)

(37,032)

Class Y

(126,095)

(110,635)

From return of capital

Class A

(2,902)

Class B

(52)

Class C

(113)

Class M

(58)

Class Y

(255)

Decrease from capital share transactions (Note 4)

(2,294,352)

(8,715,208)

Total decrease in net assets

(2,170,862)

(10,378,749)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

53,387,128 

63,765,877 

End of year (including distributions in excess of net investment income of $28,990 and $32,950, respectively)

$51,216,266 

$53,387,128 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     29








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income (loss)

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

From
return of capital

Total
distributions

Redemption
fees

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.18    

.29    

.01    

.30    

(.29)  

c   

(.29)  

—    

$9.19    

3.34    

$44,633    

.91d   

3.20d   

23    

May 31, 2014

9.40    

.34    

(.22)  

.12    

(.34)  

—    

(.34)  

—    

9.18    

1.41    

46,050    

.91d   

3.79d   

8    

May 31, 2013

9.47    

.33    

(.07)  

.26    

(.33)  

c   

(.33)  

—    

9.40    

2.77    

54,644    

.86    

3.48    

4    

May 31, 2012

8.81    

.36    

.66    

1.02    

(.36)  

c   

(.36)  

—    

9.47    

11.81    

54,429    

.86    

3.96    

11    

May 31, 2011

9.06    

.38    

(.25)  

.13    

(.38)  

—    

(.38)  

c   

8.81    

1.49    

52,181    

.83    

4.30    

11    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.17    

.24    

c   

.24    

(.23)  

c   

(.23)  

—    

$9.18    

2.69    

$850    

1.54d   

2.58d   

23    

May 31, 2014

9.39    

.28    

(.22)  

.06    

(.28)  

—    

(.28)  

—    

9.17    

.77    

1,078    

1.54d   

3.16d   

8    

May 31, 2013

9.46    

.27    

(.07)  

.20    

(.27)  

c   

(.27)  

—    

9.39    

2.12    

1,816    

1.49    

2.85    

4    

May 31, 2012

8.80    

.30    

.66    

.96    

(.30)  

c   

(.30)  

—    

9.46    

11.11    

1,399    

1.50    

3.31    

11    

May 31, 2011

9.05    

.33    

(.26)  

.07    

(.32)  

—    

(.32)  

c   

8.80    

.83    

1,067    

1.47    

3.64    

11    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.19    

.22    

.01    

.23    

(.22)  

c   

(.22)  

—    

$9.20    

2.53    

$2,305    

1.69d   

2.42d   

23    

May 31, 2014

9.41    

.27    

(.22)  

.05    

(.27)  

—    

(.27)  

—    

9.19    

.62    

2,342    

1.69d   

3.01d   

8    

May 31, 2013

9.48    

.26    

(.07)  

.19    

(.26)  

c   

(.26)  

—    

9.41    

1.97    

2,906    

1.64    

2.70    

4    

May 31, 2012

8.82    

.29    

.66    

.95    

(.29)  

c   

(.29)  

—    

9.48    

10.93    

2,747    

1.65    

3.16    

11    

May 31, 2011

9.06    

.31    

(.24)  

.07    

(.31)  

—    

(.31)  

c   

8.82    

.79    

2,096    

1.62    

3.54    

11    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.20    

.27    

.01    

.28    

(.27)  

c   

(.27)  

—    

$9.21    

3.04    

$1,005    

1.19d   

2.92d   

23    

May 31, 2014

9.42    

.31    

(.22)  

.09    

(.31)  

—    

(.31)  

—    

9.20    

1.12    

985    

1.19d   

3.52d   

8    

May 31, 2013

9.49    

.30    

(.07)  

.23    

(.30)  

c   

(.30)  

—    

9.42    

2.48    

1,136    

1.14    

3.20    

4    

May 31, 2012

8.83    

.34    

.65    

.99    

(.33)  

c   

(.33)  

—    

9.49    

11.47    

1,120    

1.15    

3.67    

11    

May 31, 2011

9.08    

.36    

(.25)  

.11    

(.36)  

—    

(.36)  

c   

8.83    

1.21    

1,043    

1.12    

4.02    

11    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.19    

.31    

.02    

.33    

(.31)  

c   

(.31)  

—    

$9.21    

3.67    

$2,423    

.69d   

3.41d   

23    

May 31, 2014

9.41    

.36    

(.22)  

.14    

(.36)  

—    

(.36)  

—    

9.19    

1.63    

2,933    

.69d   

4.01d   

8    

May 31, 2013

9.48    

.35    

(.07)  

.28    

(.35)  

c   

(.35)  

—    

9.41    

2.99    

3,264    

.64    

3.70    

4    

May 31, 2012

8.82    

.38    

.66    

1.04    

(.38)  

c   

(.38)  

—    

9.48    

12.06    

2,165    

.65    

4.15    

11    

May 31, 2011

9.06    

.40    

(.24)  

.16    

(.40)  

—    

(.40)  

c   

8.82    

1.80    

1,347    

.62    

4.52    

11    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage/service arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects an involuntary contractual expense limitation in effect during the period. As a result of such limitation, the expenses of each class reflect a reduction of the following amounts (Note 2):


Percentage of
average net assets

May 31, 2015

0.01%

May 31, 2014

0.01 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


30

Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund

Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund

31









Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a non-diversified open-end management investment company. The fund is currently operating as a diversified fund. In the future, the fund may operate as a non-diversified fund to the extent permitted by applicable law. Under current law, shareholder approval would be required before the fund could operate as a non-diversified fund. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Arizona personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Arizona personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.




32     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund








Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.

Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.




Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     33








At May 31, 2015, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $1,604,913 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. The amounts of the carryovers and the expiration dates are:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

Expiration

$193,680

$337,784

$531,464

*

359,383

N/A

359,383

May 31, 2017

603,031

N/A

603,031

May 31, 2018

111,035

N/A

111,035

May 31, 2019


* Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an unlimited period. However, any losses incurred will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred in pre-enactment tax years. As a result of this ordering rule, pre-enactment capital loss carryforwards may be more likely to expire unused. Additionally, post-enactment capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law.

Pursuant to federal income tax regulations applicable to regulated investment companies, the fund has elected to defer certain capital losses of $249 recognized during the period between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 to its fiscal year ending May 31, 2016.

Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from dividends payable. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $11,527 to increase distributions in excess of net investment income and $11,527 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$3,942,817

Unrealized depreciation

(175,614)

Net unrealized appreciation

3,767,203

Capital loss carryforward

(1,604,913)

Post-October capital loss deferral

(249)

Cost for federal income tax purposes

$46,773,586


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal




34     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund








year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $6,997 as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$25,448

Class B

553

Class C

1,324

Class M

565

Class Y

1,989

Total

$29,879


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $54 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $30, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to




Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     35








April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$98,211

Class B

8,488

Class C

23,456

Class M

4,999

Total

$135,154


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $5,893 and no monies from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received no monies in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received no monies on class A redemptions.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities (Long-term)

$11,552,267

$12,880,826

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$11,552,267

$12,880,826


Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

348,539 

$3,226,307 

370,152 

$3,313,713 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

127,659 

1,180,275 

163,514 

1,463,280 

476,198 

4,406,582 

533,666 

4,776,993 

Shares repurchased

(636,090)

(5,876,505)

(1,331,878)

(11,959,055)

Net decrease

(159,892)

$(1,469,923)

(798,212)

$(7,182,062)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

3,607 

$33,189 

2,478 

$22,015 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

2,481 

22,899 

4,137 

36,972 

6,088 

56,088 

6,615 

58,987 

Shares repurchased

(31,093)

(288,588)

(82,488)

(748,915)

Net decrease

(25,005)

$(232,500)

(75,873)

$(689,928)





36     Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund









Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

26,250 

$242,186 

36,452 

$326,750 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

4,254 

39,370 

5,779 

51,751 

30,504 

281,556 

42,231 

378,501 

Shares repurchased

(34,776)

(320,497)

(96,345)

(858,701)

Net decrease

(4,272)

$(38,941)

(54,114)

$(480,200)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

$—

$—

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

2,901 

26,869 

3,942 

35,326 

2,901 

26,869 

3,942 

35,326 

Shares repurchased

(905)

(8,371)

(17,470)

(157,098)

Net increase (decrease)

1,996 

$18,498 

(13,528)

$(121,772)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

365,879 

$3,351,572 

155,614 

$1,390,224 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

7,510 

69,613 

4,460 

39,946 

373,389 

3,421,185 

160,074 

1,430,170 

Shares repurchased

(429,156)

(3,992,671)

(187,989)

(1,671,416)

Net decrease

(55,767)

$(571,486)

(27,915)

$(241,246)


Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund focuses a majority of its investments in the state of Arizona and may be affected by economic and political developments in that state.




Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund     37















Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Trustees and Shareholders of
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”) at May 31, 2015, and the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of investments owned at May 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
July 13, 2015




20     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund








The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations


AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

FRB Floating Rate Bonds: the rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

SGI Syncora Guarantee, Inc.

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

California (0.5%)

CA State G.O. Bonds, 5s, 2/1/38

Aa3

$1,500,000

$1,677,780

1,677,780

Guam (1.4%)

Territory of GU, Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 12/1/24

BBB+

1,000,000

1,125,130

Territory of GU, Bus. Privilege Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/31

A

1,650,000

1,818,185

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

600,000

665,154

Territory of GU, Pwr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5 1/2s, 10/1/40

BBB

500,000

553,905

5s, 10/1/34

BBB

200,000

213,390

4,375,764

Indiana (0.6%)

IN State Fin. Auth. VRDN, Ser. A-2

0.1s, 2/1/37

A-1+

1,205,000

1,205,000

0.1s, 2/1/37

VMIG1

795,000

795,000

2,000,000

Massachusetts (89.5%)

Boston, Wtr. & Swr. Comm. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 11/1/30

Aa1

500,000

578,580

Hampden & Wilbraham, Regl. School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 2/15/41

Aa3

2,000,000

2,156,920

Holyoke G.O. Bonds, 5s, 9/1/29

Aa2

770,000

900,138

Lowell, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, SGI, 5s, 9/15/22 (Prerefunded 9/15/16)

Aa2

1,750,000

1,854,790

MA Bay Trans. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Assmt.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 7/1/31

AAA

1,000,000

1,263,300

MA Bay Trans. Auth. Sales Tax Rev. Bonds

Ser. C, 5 1/2s, 7/1/16

AAA

2,855,000

3,011,740

Ser. C, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 1/2s, 7/1/16 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

120,000

126,683

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 7/1/23

AAA

1,335,000

1,643,692

Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/31

AAA

3,390,000

4,186,006





Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Massachusetts cont.

MA State G.O. Bonds

Ser. C, AMBAC, 5s, 8/1/37

Aa1

$2,000,000

$2,161,180

(Construction Loan), Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/27

Aa1

2,000,000

2,239,660

Ser. D, 5s, 10/1/26

Aa1

2,000,000

2,361,420

Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/22

Aa1

2,500,000

2,983,600

MA State Rev. Bonds, 5s, 6/15/22

AAA

2,000,000

2,412,220

MA State Clean Energy Cooperative Corp. Rev. Bonds (Muni. Ltg. Plant Coop.)

5s, 7/1/32

A1

1,000,000

1,125,700

5s, 7/1/28

A1

1,500,000

1,725,360

MA State College Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. B, SGI, 5 1/2s, 5/1/28

Aa2

3,000,000

3,611,010

Ser. B, 5s, 5/1/43

Aa2

3,100,000

3,407,117

(Green Bond), 5s, 5/1/39

Aa2

1,500,000

1,681,905

Ser. B, 5s, 5/1/37

Aa2

1,500,000

1,666,185

Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/36

Aa2

2,850,000

3,190,119

Ser. A, AGO, 5s, 5/1/28

Aa2

2,270,000

2,502,289

MA State Dept. Trans. Rev. Bonds (Metro Hwy. Syst.), Ser. B

5s, 1/1/37

A+

2,250,000

2,473,425

5s, 1/1/32

A+

2,775,000

3,083,441

MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds

(Sabis Intl.), Ser. A, 8s, 4/15/39

BBB

775,000

904,813

(Tufts Med. Ctr.), Ser. I, 7 1/4s, 1/1/32

BBB

2,000,000

2,445,020

(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A-1, 6 1/4s, 11/15/46

B–/P

547,179

521,921

(Loomis Cmntys.), Ser. A, 6s, 1/1/33

BBB–

300,000

334,521

(WGBH Edl. Foundation), Ser. A, AMBAC, 5 3/4s, 1/1/42

A

5,000,000

6,190,350

(Milford Regl. Med. Ctr.), Ser. F, 5 5/8s, 7/15/36

Baa3

500,000

556,550

(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A-2, 5 1/2s, 11/15/46

B–/P

94,100

80,448

(Emerson College), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 1/1/30

Baa1

900,000

1,009,458

(Berklee College of Music), 5 1/4s, 10/1/41

A2

1,500,000

1,700,535

(New England Conservatory of Music), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 1/4s, 7/1/38 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

AAA/P

3,000,000

3,368,940

(Simmons College), Ser. H, SGI, 5 1/4s, 10/1/33

Baa1

4,000,000

4,556,440

(Lesley U.), Ser. B-1, AGM, 5 1/4s, 7/1/33

AA

2,000,000

2,245,900

(Wheelock College), Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 10/1/29

BBB

2,400,000

2,566,272

(Carleton-Willard Village), 5 1/4s, 12/1/25

A–

700,000

780,409

(Suffolk U.), 5 1/8s, 7/1/40

Baa2

1,500,000

1,595,220

(Emerson College), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/40

Baa1

3,400,000

3,582,988

(Brandeis U.), Ser. N, 5s, 10/1/39

A1

450,000

487,341

(Franklin W. Olin College), Ser. E, 5s, 11/1/38

A+

1,000,000

1,109,980

(Tufts U.), Ser. Q, 5s, 8/15/38

Aa2

500,000

571,690

(Boston College), Ser. P, 5s, 7/1/38

Aa3

2,000,000

2,149,900

(Lowell Gen. Hosp.), Ser. G, 5s, 7/1/37

BBB

1,630,000

1,749,658





22     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Massachusetts cont.

MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds

(MCPHS U.), Ser. H, 5s, 7/1/37

AA–

$450,000

$507,713

(Brandeis U.), Ser. 0-1, 5s, 10/1/35

A1

1,000,000

1,104,500

(Baystate Med. Oblig. Group), Ser. N, 5s, 7/1/34

A+

1,000,000

1,118,240

(MCPHS U.), Ser. H, 5s, 7/1/32

AA–

300,000

342,861

(Northeastern U.), 5s, 10/1/31

A2

500,000

556,280

(MA College Pharmacy Allied), Ser. E, AGO, 5s, 7/1/31 (Prerefunded 7/1/17)

AA

2,000,000

2,175,340

(Partners Hlth. Care Syst.), Ser. L, 5s, 7/1/31

AA

4,495,000

5,052,065

(Boston U.), Ser. V-1, 5s, 10/1/29

A1

2,000,000

2,249,280

(Boston College), Ser. Q-1, 5s, 7/1/29

Aa3

1,050,000

1,180,200

(Mount Holyoke College), 5s, 7/1/28

Aa3

3,000,000

3,316,530

(Holy Cross College), Ser. B, 5s, 9/1/25

Aa3

1,500,000

1,678,275

(MA College of Pharmacy & Allied Hlth. Science), Ser. F, 5s, 7/1/25

AA–

650,000

761,436

(MA College of Pharmacy & Allied Hlth. Science), Ser. F, 5s, 7/1/23

AA–

125,000

147,028

(First Mtge. — Orchard Cove), 5s, 10/1/19

BB/P

550,000

568,156

(First Mtge. — Orchard Cove), 5s, 10/1/18

BB/P

515,000

533,149

(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. B, zero %, 11/15/56

B–/P

468,041

2,860

(WGBH Edl. Foundation), Ser. B, AGO, zero %, 1/1/29

AA

2,000,000

1,240,320

(WGBH Edl. Foundation), Ser. B, AGO, zero %, 1/1/28

AA

2,000,000

1,305,540

MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Solid Waste Disp. FRB

(Dominion Energy Brayton), Ser. 1, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 3/4s, 12/1/42 (Prerefunded 5/1/19)

BBB+

1,700,000

1,987,538

(Dominion Energy Brayton Point), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 2/1/36 (Prerefunded 8/1/16)

BBB+

1,000,000

1,052,390

MA State Edl. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. B, 5.7s, 1/1/31

AA

1,470,000

1,581,808

Ser. J, 5 5/8s, 7/1/28

AA

865,000

963,325

(Ed. Loan — Issue 1), 5s, 1/1/27

AA

2,750,000

2,998,958

(Ed. Loan — Issue 1), 4 3/8s, 1/1/32

AA

1,500,000

1,515,765

MA State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Quincy Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 1/15/38 (In default) †

D/P

194,574

19

(Harvard U.), Ser. N, 6 1/4s, 4/1/20

Aaa

3,000,000

3,675,300

(Suffolk U.), Ser. A, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 3/4s, 7/1/39 (Prerefunded 7/1/19)

Baa2

3,000,000

3,383,130

(Springfield College), 5 5/8s, 10/15/40

Baa1

2,000,000

2,181,620

(Harvard U.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 11/15/36

Aaa

2,185,000

2,491,228

(Milton Hosp.), Ser. D, 5 3/8s, 7/1/35

BB+

1,065,000

1,065,575

(Jordan Hosp.), Ser. D, 5 3/8s, 10/1/28

B+

3,000,000

3,001,140

(Care Group), Ser. B-1, NATL, 5 3/8s, 2/1/27

AA–

1,030,000

1,141,621

(Lesley U.), Ser. A, AGO, 5 1/4s, 7/1/39

AA

1,000,000

1,122,050

(Winchester Hosp.), 5 1/4s, 7/1/38

A–

2,225,000

2,425,183

(Lahey Clinic Med. Ctr.), Ser. D, 5 1/4s, 8/15/28

A+

3,000,000

3,247,950





Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Massachusetts cont.

MA State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Dana-Farber Cancer Inst.), Ser. K, 5 1/4s, 12/1/27

A1

$1,500,000

$1,675,590

(MA Inst. of Tech.), Ser. I-1, 5.2s, 1/1/28

Aaa

5,000,000

6,380,750

(Care Group), Ser. E-1, 5 1/8s, 7/1/38

A3

1,000,000

1,073,590

(Fisher College), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 4/1/37

BBB–

755,000

774,079

(Lowell Gen. Hosp.), Ser. C, 5 1/8s, 7/1/35

BBB

725,000

773,097

(Wheaton Coll.), Ser. F, 5s, 1/1/41

A2

2,000,000

2,210,400

(Partners Hlth. Care Syst.), Ser. J-1, 5s, 7/1/39

AA

1,500,000

1,660,455

(Southcoast Hlth. Oblig.), Ser. D, 5s, 7/1/39

A3

1,500,000

1,607,760

(Harvard U.), Ser. B, 5s, 10/1/38

Aaa

500,000

545,290

(MA Inst. of Tech.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/38 (Prerefunded 7/1/17)

Aaa

2,250,000

2,449,710

(Berklee College of Music), Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/37

A2

2,750,000

2,966,700

(Milford Regl. Med.), Ser. E, 5s, 7/15/37

Baa3

850,000

868,267

(Sterling & Francine Clark), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/36

AA

1,000,000

1,043,760

(Northeastern U.), Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/35

A2

300,000

339,264

(Harvard U.), 5s, 7/15/35

Aaa

2,750,000

2,763,750

(Northeastern U.), Ser. T-1, 5s, 10/1/30

A2

1,000,000

1,125,050

(Northeastern U.), Ser. T-2, 5s, 10/1/30

A2

2,000,000

2,250,100

(Care Group), Ser. E-1, 5s, 7/1/28

A3

1,730,000

1,884,679

(Northeastern U.), Ser. R, 5s, 10/1/26

A2

1,165,000

1,294,851

(Worcester City Campus Corp.), Ser. E, FGIC, NATL, 5s, 10/1/26 (Prerefunded 10/1/16)

AA–

2,000,000

2,119,760

(Milford Regl. Med.), Ser. E, 5s, 7/15/22

Baa3

1,800,000

1,899,036

(Fisher College), Ser. A, 5s, 4/1/22

BBB–

1,110,000

1,162,292

MA State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. VRDN

(Baystate Med. Ctr.), Ser. J-2, 0.1s, 7/1/44

VMIG1

800,000

800,000

(Tufts U.), Ser. N-2, 0.08s, 8/15/34

VMIG1

2,200,000

2,200,000

MA State Hsg. Fin. Agcy. FRB (Single Fam. Hsg.), Ser. 126, 4.7s, 6/1/38

Aa2

930,000

932,595

MA State Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds

Ser. C, 5.35s, 12/1/42

Aa3

1,500,000

1,577,685

Ser. A, 5.1s, 12/1/30

Aa3

1,475,000

1,542,850

Ser. D, 5.05s, 6/1/40

Aa3

1,550,000

1,610,109

Ser. 157, 4.35s, 12/1/27

Aa2

965,000

996,411

Ser. 171, 4s, 12/1/44

Aa2

750,000

808,733

Ser. SF-169, 4s, 12/1/44

Aa2

1,745,000

1,868,476

Ser. 160, 3 3/4s, 6/1/34

Aa2

595,000

608,382

Ser. A, 3 1/2s, 12/1/31

Aa3

2,000,000

1,988,820

Ser. A, 3 1/4s, 12/1/27

Aa3

1,870,000

1,850,085

MA State Indl. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds (1st Mtge. Berkshire Retirement), Ser. A, 6 5/8s, 7/1/16

BBB

925,000

929,181

MA State Port Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/34

Aa3

3,500,000

3,964,730

Ser. C, AGM, 5s, 7/1/27

AA

5,000,000

5,388,700





24     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Massachusetts cont.

MA State Port Auth. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds

(Conrac), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 7/1/41

A

$1,765,000

$1,891,798

(BOSFUEL), FGIC, NATL, 5s, 7/1/27

AA–

2,500,000

2,661,350

MA State School Bldg. Auth. Dedicated Sales Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 8/15/30

AA+

3,500,000

4,070,640

AGM, 5s, 8/15/26 (Prerefunded 8/15/15)

AA+

4,000,000

4,039,520

MA State School Bldg. Auth. Sr. Sales Tax Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 5/15/43

AA+

915,000

1,021,625

Ser. B, 5s, 10/15/41

AA+

3,500,000

3,889,970

Ser. B, 5s, 10/15/35

AA+

1,000,000

1,128,690

Ser. B, 5s, 8/15/30

AA+

4,000,000

4,680,880

MA State Trans. Fund Rev. Bonds (Accelerated Bridge Program)

Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/44

Aaa

2,000,000

2,272,740

5s, 6/1/43

Aaa

2,100,000

2,345,952

MA State Wtr. Poll. Abatement Trust Rev. Bonds

Ser. 14, 5s, 8/1/32

Aaa

4,000,000

4,519,440

Ser. 13, 5s, 8/1/26 (Prerefunded 8/1/17)

Aaa

1,000,000

1,090,020

MA State Wtr. Resource Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 7/15/19 (Escrowed to maturity)

Aa1

4,000,000

4,406,880

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/42

Aa1

3,500,000

3,969,315

Ser. A, NATL, 5s, 8/1/29

Aa1

3,025,000

3,272,173

Ser. A, U.S. Govt. Coll., NATL, 5s, 8/1/29 (Prerefunded 8/1/17)

Aa1

200,000

218,230

Ser. B, AMBAC, 5s, 8/1/26

Aa1

2,000,000

2,231,060

Metro. Boston, Trans. Pkg. Corp. Rev. Bonds, 5 1/4s, 7/1/36

A1

1,500,000

1,683,540

Milford, G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5 1/8s, 12/15/24

Aa2

2,475,000

2,740,939

North Reading, G.O. Bonds, 5s, 5/15/35

Aa2

3,750,000

4,199,813

U. of MA Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. 2, 5s, 11/1/39

Aa2

2,500,000

2,793,000

Worcester, G.O. Bonds (Muni. Purpose Loan), 4s, 11/1/23

Aa3

3,050,000

3,333,467

276,925,236

Mississippi (0.7%)

Jackson Cnty., Port Fac. VRDN (Chevron USA, Inc.), 0.06s, 6/1/23

P-1

2,110,000

2,110,000

2,110,000

Missouri (0.4%)

MO State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. VRDN (Washington U. (The)), Ser. C, 0.08s, 9/1/30

VMIG1

1,300,000

1,300,000

1,300,000

Ohio (0.4%)

OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth., Poll. Control Mandatory Put Bonds (5/1/20) (FirstEnergy Nuclear), Ser. C, 3.95s, 11/1/32

Baa3

300,000

311,943

Warren Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Otterbein Homes Oblig. Group), 5s, 7/1/32

A

750,000

824,573

1,136,516





Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Oklahoma (0.7%)

OK State Tpk. Auth. VRDN, Ser. F, 0.09s, 1/1/28

VMIG1

$2,000,000

$2,000,000

2,000,000

Pennsylvania (0.3%)

PA State Tpk. Comm. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 5s, 12/1/44

A1

700,000

764,092

764,092

Puerto Rico (2.2%)

Children’s Trust Fund Tobacco Settlement (The) Rev. Bonds

5 1/2s, 5/15/39

BBB–

1,800,000

1,815,048

5 3/8s, 5/15/33

BBB

1,515,000

1,528,877

Cmnwlth. of PR, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 7/1/37

CCC+

750,000

530,655

Cmnwlth. of PR, Hwy. & Trans. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. AA-2, 5.3s, 7/1/35

CCC+

250,000

182,670

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 8/1/37

CCC+

500,000

310,015

Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

1,245,000

768,825

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/41

CCC+

1,435,000

875,379

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/40

CCC+

1,250,000

887,513

6,898,982

Virgin Islands (0.5%)

VI Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

6s, 10/1/39

Baa3

600,000

669,030

5s, 10/1/25

Baa2

850,000

945,030


1,614,060



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $281,254,803)

$300,802,430



Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $309,479,767.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

This security is non-income-producing.

On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates.

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.





26     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund









The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Education

28.4%

Health care

12.5

Tax bonds

11.9



ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$300,802,411 

$19 

Totals by level

$— 

$300,802,411 

$19 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.

At the start and close of the reporting period, Level 3 investments in securities represented less than 1% of the fund’s net assets and were not considered a significant portion of the fund’s portfolio.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $281,254,803)

$300,802,430 

Cash

6,344,450 

Interest and other receivables

4,310,715 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

489,324 

Receivable for investments sold

3,857,915 

Prepaid assets

8,571 

Total assets

315,813,405 

LIABILITIES

Payable for investments purchased

4,987,074 

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

702,359 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

111,787 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,867 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

35,382 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

100,481 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

1,148 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

120,882 

Distributions payable to shareholders

180,406 

Other accrued expenses

91,252 

Total liabilities

6,333,638 

Net assets

$309,479,767 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$297,231,609 

Undistributed net investment income (Note 1)

265,121 

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)

(7,564,590)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

19,547,627 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$309,479,767 

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($241,437,809 divided by 24,912,575 shares)

$9.69 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.69)*

$10.09 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($3,305,879 divided by 341,538 shares)**

$9.68 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($30,360,708 divided by 3,127,006 shares)**

$9.71 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($2,648,851 divided by 273,322 shares)

$9.69 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.69)†

$10.02 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($31,726,520 divided by 3,265,070 shares)

$9.72 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




28     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$12,584,250 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

$1,332,362 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

175,470 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

8,739 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

11,372 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

910,064 

Administrative services (Note 2)

8,062 

Other

148,402 

Total expenses

2,594,471 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(412)

Net expenses

2,594,059 

Net investment income

9,990,191 

Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

(2,650,789)

Net unrealized appreciation of investment during the year

2,516,957 

Net loss on investments

(133,832)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$9,856,359 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     29









Statement of changes in net assets

DECREASE IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$9,990,191 

$11,252,318 

Net realized loss on investments

(2,650,789)

(4,923,496)

Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments

2,516,957 

(7,971,694)

Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations

9,856,359 

(1,642,872)

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Taxable net investment income

Class A

(134,970)

(55,371)

Class B

(1,868)

(735)

Class C

(17,064)

(7,188)

Class M

(1,477)

(665)

Class Y

(15,121)

(4,809)

Net realized short-term gain on investments

Class A

(94,921)

Class B

(1,260)

Class C

(12,322)

Class M

(1,140)

Class Y

(8,245)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(8,061,522)

(9,076,653)

Class B

(87,884)

(95,970)

Class C

(757,791)

(900,723)

Class M

(85,131)

(100,243)

Class Y

(918,350)

(886,665)

From net realized long-term gain on investments

Class A

(785,738)

Class B

(10,431)

Class C

(102,000)

Class M

(9,440)

Class Y

(68,248)

Decrease from capital share transactions (Note 4)

(5,284,183)

(97,636,149)

Total decrease in net assets

(5,509,002)

(111,501,788)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

314,988,769 

426,490,557 

End of year (including undistributed net investment income of $265,121 and $436,971, respectively)

$309,479,767 

$314,988,769 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




30     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund








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Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     31








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income (loss)

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

From
net realized gain on investments

Total
distributions

Redemption
fees

Non-recurring reimbursements

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of
net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.70    

.32    

(.01)  

.31    

(.32)  

—    

(.32)  

—    

—    

$9.69    

3.24    

$241,438    

.77    

3.27    

8    

May 31, 2014

9.95    

.32    

(.22)  

.10    

(.32)  

(.03)  

(.35)  

—    

—    

9.70    

1.20    

254,368    

.77    

3.41    

8    

May 31, 2013

10.04    

.31    

(.07)  

.24    

(.32)  

(.01)  

(.33)  

—    

—    

9.95    

2.36    

338,606    

.77    

3.06    

8    

May 31, 2012

9.31    

.37    

.76    

1.13    

(.38)  

(.02)  

(.40)  

—    

c,d

10.04    

12.38    

290,077    

.77    

3.84    

6    

May 31, 2011

9.54    

.40    

(.22)  

.18    

(.39)  

(.02)  

(.41)  

c   

c,e

9.31    

1.97    

245,228    

.77    

4.24    

12    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.69    

.26    

(.01)  

.25    

(.26)  

—    

(.26)  

—    

—    

$9.68    

2.61    

$3,306    

1.39    

2.65    

8    

May 31, 2014

9.94    

.27    

(.23)  

.04    

(.26)  

(.03)  

(.29)  

—    

—    

9.69    

.58    

3,347    

1.39    

2.79    

8    

May 31, 2013

10.03    

.24    

(.07)  

.17    

(.25)  

(.01)  

(.26)  

—    

—    

9.94    

1.73    

4,314    

1.39    

2.44    

8    

May 31, 2012

9.30    

.31    

.76    

1.07    

(.32)  

(.02)  

(.34)  

—    

c,d

10.03    

11.68    

3,737    

1.40    

3.22    

6    

May 31, 2011

9.53    

.34    

(.22)  

.12    

(.33)  

(.02)  

(.35)  

c   

c,e

9.30    

1.36    

4,526    

1.40    

3.58    

12    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.72    

.24    

c   

.24    

(.25)  

—    

(.25)  

—    

—    

$9.71    

2.44    

$30,361    

1.54    

2.50    

8    

May 31, 2014

9.97    

.25    

(.22)  

.03    

(.25)  

(.03)  

(.28)  

—    

—    

9.72    

.42    

31,066    

1.54    

2.64    

8    

May 31, 2013

10.05    

.23    

(.06)  

.17    

(.24)  

(.01)  

(.25)  

—    

—    

9.97    

1.67    

46,310    

1.54    

2.29    

8    

May 31, 2012

9.33    

.30    

.75    

1.05    

(.31)  

(.02)  

(.33)  

—    

c,d

10.05    

11.37    

37,098    

1.55    

3.05    

6    

May 31, 2011

9.55    

.32    

(.20)  

.12    

(.32)  

(.02)  

(.34)  

c   

c,e

9.33    

1.30    

26,306    

1.55    

3.46    

12    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.70    

.29    

c   

.29    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

—    

—    

$9.69    

2.96    

$2,649    

1.04    

3.00    

8    

May 31, 2014

9.95    

.30    

(.23)  

.07    

(.29)  

(.03)  

(.32)  

—    

—    

9.70    

.93    

3,102    

1.04    

3.14    

8    

May 31, 2013

10.04    

.28    

(.07)  

.21    

(.29)  

(.01)  

(.30)  

—    

—    

9.95    

2.08    

4,033    

1.04    

2.79    

8    

May 31, 2012

9.31    

.35    

.75    

1.10    

(.35)  

(.02)  

(.37)  

—    

c,d

10.04    

12.05    

4,200    

1.05    

3.56    

6    

May 31, 2011

9.54    

.37    

(.21)  

.16    

(.37)  

(.02)  

(.39)  

c   

c,e

9.31    

1.72    

3,255    

1.05    

3.95    

12    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.72    

.34    

c   

.34    

(.34)  

—    

(.34)  

—    

—    

$9.72    

3.57    

$31,727    

.54    

3.51    

8    

May 31, 2014

9.97    

.35    

(.23)  

.12    

(.34)  

(.03)  

(.37)  

—    

—    

9.72    

1.43    

23,107    

.54    

3.63    

8    

May 31, 2013

10.06    

.33    

(.07)  

.26    

(.34)  

(.01)  

(.35)  

—    

—    

9.97    

2.59    

33,227    

.54    

3.28    

8    

May 31, 2012

9.33    

.39    

.76    

1.15    

(.40)  

(.02)  

(.42)  

—    

c,d

10.06    

12.59    

22,254    

.55    

4.05    

6    

May 31, 2011

9.56    

.42    

(.22)  

.20    

(.41)  

(.02)  

(.43)  

c   

c,e

9.33    

2.21    

14,502    

.55    

4.47    

12    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage service arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

eReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 18, 2011.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


32

Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund

Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund

33








Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified, open-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Massachusetts personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Massachusetts personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.




34     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund








Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred for an unlimited period and the carry forwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. At May 31, 2015, the fund had the following capital loss carryovers available, to the extent allowed by the Code, to offset future net capital gain, if any:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

$2,137,665

$5,016,447

$7,154,112


Pursuant to federal income tax regulations applicable to regulated investment companies, the fund has elected to defer certain capital losses of $476,452 recognized during the period between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 to its fiscal year ending May 31, 2016.




Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     35








Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from late year loss deferrals and dividends payable. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $80,863 to decrease undistributed net investment income and $80,863 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$21,260,807

Unrealized depreciation

(1,629,428)

Net unrealized appreciation

19,631,379

Undistributed tax-exempt income

445,527

Capital loss carryforward

(7,154,112)

Post-October capital loss deferral

(476,452)

Cost for federal income tax purposes

$281,171,051


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s




36     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund








average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$139,446

Class B

1,881

Class C

17,249

Class M

1,596

Class Y

15,298

Total

$175,470


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $412 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $181, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$560,677

Class B

28,395

Class C

306,703

Class M

14,289

Total

$910,064


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $19,262 and $101 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $2,837 and $528 in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received no monies on class A redemptions.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities (Long-term)

$24,434,638

$31,740,544

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$24,434,638

$31,740,544





Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     37








Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

2,368,353 

$23,105,233 

2,482,051 

$23,329,740 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

697,480 

6,817,859 

862,655 

8,120,630 

3,065,833 

29,923,092 

3,344,706 

31,450,370 

Shares repurchased

(4,382,224)

(42,740,487)

(11,148,428)

(104,881,895)

Net decrease

(1,316,391)

$(12,817,395)

(7,803,722)

$(73,431,525)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

46,495 

$453,714 

19,957 

$188,338 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

8,319 

81,236 

9,500 

89,327 

54,814 

534,950 

29,457 

277,665 

Shares repurchased

(58,773)

(573,505)

(118,004)

(1,114,548)

Net decrease

(3,959)

$(38,555)

(88,547)

$(836,883)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

320,962 

$3,144,891 

166,535 

$1,581,914 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

56,290 

551,253 

77,752 

732,785 

377,252 

3,696,144 

244,287 

2,314,699 

Shares repurchased

(447,906)

(4,386,382)

(1,693,245)

(15,951,725)

Net decrease

(70,654)

$(690,238)

(1,448,958)

$(13,637,026)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

4,544 

$44,167 

13,397 

$126,871 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

5,084 

49,668 

7,437 

69,990 

9,628 

93,835 

20,834 

196,861 

Shares repurchased

(56,171)

(549,561)

(106,407)

(1,002,277)

Net decrease

(46,543)

$(455,726)

(85,573)

$(805,416)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

1,309,311 

$12,831,416 

937,157 

$8,859,148 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

80,458 

788,758 

85,729 

809,073 

1,389,769 

13,620,174 

1,022,886 

9,668,221 

Shares repurchased

(501,448)

(4,902,443)

(1,977,747)

(18,593,520)

Net increase (decrease)

888,321 

$8,717,731 

(954,861)

$(8,925,299)





38     Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund








Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund focuses a majority of its investments in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and may be affected by economic and political developments in that Commonwealth.




Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund     39















Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Trustees and Shareholders of
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”) at May 31, 2015, and the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of investments owned at May 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
July 14, 2015




20     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund








The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations


AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

BAM Build America Mutual

FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

Q-SBLF Qualified School Board Loan Fund

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Delaware (0.7%)

DE State Hlth. Fac. Auth. VRDN (Christiana Care), Ser. A, 0.1s, 10/1/38

VMIG1

$500,000

$500,000

500,000

Guam (1.4%)

Territory of GU, Govt. Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds (Section 30), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 12/1/34

BBB+

750,000

845,528

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

150,000

166,289

1,011,817

Michigan (92.3%)

Advanced Tech. Academy Pub. School Rev. Bonds, 6s, 11/1/28

BBB–

170,000

176,394

Bay City, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, Q-SBLF, 5s, 11/1/28

AA–

500,000

566,800

Caledonia Cmnty., Schools G.O. Bonds, Q-SBLF

5s, 5/1/39

AA–

1,000,000

1,107,490

5s, 5/1/29

AA–

415,000

473,889

Central MI U. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 10/1/34

Aa3

500,000

568,175

Dearborn, School Dist. Bldg. & Site G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/30

Aa2

330,000

375,316

Detroit, Downtown Dev. Auth. Tax Increment Tax Alloc. Bonds (Dev. Area No. 1), Ser. A, NATL, 4 3/4s, 7/1/25

AA–

1,315,000

1,306,689

Detroit, Swr. Disp. Rev. Bonds (Second Lien), Ser. B, NATL, FGIC, 5s, 7/1/36

AA–

1,075,000

1,084,611

Detroit, Wtr. Supply Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, AGM, 6 1/4s, 7/1/36

AA

600,000

643,542

Fenton, Area Pub. Schools G.O. Bonds
(School Bldg. & Site), NATL, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/23 (Prerefunded 5/1/16)

Aa2

1,000,000

1,043,010

Flat Rock, Cmnty. School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Bldg. & Site), AGM, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/22

Aa2

800,000

880,896

Flint, Hosp. Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Hurley Med. Ctr.), 7 1/2s, 7/1/39

Ba1

150,000

171,753

Genesee Cnty., Wtr. Supply Syst. G.O. Bonds, BAM

5 3/8s, 11/1/38

AA

500,000

550,130

5 1/4s, 2/1/40

AA

200,000

222,572





Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Michigan cont.

Grand Rapids, Rev. Bonds (Sanitation Swr. Syst.)

5s, 1/1/37

Aa1

$300,000

$336,933

5s, 1/1/35

Aa1

1,000,000

1,142,120

NATL, 5s, 1/1/20 (Prerefunded 7/1/15)

Aa1

500,000

501,900

Grand Valley, Rev. Bonds (MI State U.), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 3/4s, 12/1/34 (Prerefunded 12/1/16)

A+

500,000

538,800

Grand Valley, State U. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B

5s, 12/1/29

A+

410,000

469,655

5s, 12/1/28

A+

250,000

289,033

Holland, Elec. Util. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/39

AA

1,000,000

1,114,460

Holland, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 5/1/29

AA

1,000,000

1,157,890

Kalamazoo, Hosp. Fin. Auth. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Bronson Hosp.), Ser. A, AGM, 5s, 5/15/26

AA

2,000,000

2,186,680

Karegnondi, Wtr. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Wtr. Supply Syst.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 11/1/31

A2

250,000

281,438

Kent Cnty., G.O. Bonds

5s, 1/1/28

Aaa

400,000

472,368

5s, 1/1/27

Aaa

400,000

474,952

Kentwood, Economic Dev. Rev. Bonds
(Holland Home), 5 5/8s, 11/15/32

BB+/F

350,000

371,767

Lake Superior State U. Rev. Bonds, AGM, 4s, 11/15/18

AA

500,000

525,990

Lansing, Board of Wtr. & Ltg. Util. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/37

Aa3

1,000,000

1,110,930

Livonia, Pub. School Dist. Bldg. & Site G.O. Bonds, Ser. I, AGM, 5s, 5/1/36

AA

500,000

541,715

Marysville, Pub. School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Bldg. & Site), AGM, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/21

Aa2

1,000,000

1,076,310

MI Higher Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Alma College), 5 1/4s, 6/1/33

Baa1

1,000,000

1,062,500

(Kalamazoo College), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 12/1/33 (Prerefunded 12/1/17)

AAA/P

500,000

550,060

MI Muni. Board Auth. Rev. Bonds (Downtown), Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/22

Aa2

500,000

568,270

MI Pub. Pwr. Agcy. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/27

A2

700,000

768,530

MI State Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. I, 6s, 10/15/38

Aa3

2,000,000

2,272,460

FGIC, NATL, zero %, 10/15/22

Aa3

1,500,000

1,096,965

MI State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Local Govt. Loan Program Pub. Ltg. Auth.), Ser. B, 5s, 7/1/34

A–

500,000

542,090

Ser. H-1, 5s, 10/1/30

AA–

500,000

568,175

(Mid-MI. Hlth.), 5s, 6/1/30

A1

500,000

559,490

Ser. 25-A, 5s, 11/1/22

A1

125,000

139,738

(Unemployment Oblig. Assmt.), Ser. B, 5s, 7/1/22

Aaa

500,000

524,875

(Trinity Hlth.), Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/16

Aa3

1,000,000

1,063,660





22     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Michigan cont.

MI State Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 6 1/8s, 6/1/39 (Prerefunded 6/1/19)

AA+

$1,000,000

$1,181,650

(Henry Ford Hlth. Syst.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 11/15/46

A3

1,500,000

1,560,330

(Sparrow Hlth. Oblig. Group), 5s, 11/15/31

A1

290,000

312,432

(Sparrow Hlth. Oblig. Group), U.S. Govt Coll., 5s, 11/15/31 (Prerefunded 11/15/17)

AAA/P

710,000

783,300

(Ascension Hlth.), Ser. B, 5s, 11/15/25

AA+

1,000,000

1,142,230

MI State Hsg. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Rental Hsg.), Ser. A, 4 5/8s, 10/1/39

AA

225,000

231,010

(Rental Hsg.), Ser. A, 4.45s, 10/1/34

AA

100,000

102,083

3.95s, 12/1/40

AA+

500,000

496,815

(Rental Hsg.), Ser. D, 3.95s, 10/1/37

AA

1,050,000

1,052,762

MI State Strategic Fund Ltd. Rev. Bonds

(United Methodist Retirement Cmntys., Inc.), 5 3/4s, 11/15/33

BBB+/F

500,000

524,965

(Worthington Armstrong Venture), 5 3/4s, 10/1/22 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

3,000,000

3,611,160

(MI House of Representatives Fac.), Ser. A, AGO, 5 1/4s, 10/15/21

AA

1,500,000

1,689,765

MI State Strategic Fund Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds

(Detroit Edison Co.), AMBAC, 7s, 5/1/21

Aa3

1,500,000

1,879,050

(Evangelical Homes of MI), 5 1/4s, 6/1/32

BB+/F

400,000

419,544

(Cadillac Place Office Bldg.), 5 1/4s, 10/15/26

A1

750,000

880,800

MI State Trunk Line Fund Rev. Bonds, 5s, 11/15/20

AA+

500,000

585,820

MI State U. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 8/15/38

Aa1

1,000,000

1,117,410

Ser. C, 5s, 8/15/18

Aa1

1,000,000

1,111,590

MI Tobacco Settlement Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6s, 6/1/34

B–

750,000

668,970

Monroe Cnty., Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Mercy Memorial Hosp. Corp.), 5 3/8s, 6/1/26

AA–

500,000

520,725

Northern Michigan U. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, AGM, 5s, 12/1/26

AA

1,000,000

1,100,260

Oakland Cnty., Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds, 3s, 11/1/17

Aaa

600,000

627,048

Oakland U. Rev. Bonds

5s, 3/1/37

A1

500,000

544,055

Ser. A, 5s, 3/1/33

A1

500,000

552,250

5s, 3/1/32

A1

130,000

145,405

Plymouth, Charter Twp. G.O. Bonds, 4s, 7/1/25

AA

1,000,000

1,055,480

Roseville, School Dist. G.O. Bonds

Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/31

AA–

250,000

282,960

(School Bldg. & Site), AGM, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/21 (Prerefunded 5/1/16)

Aa2

1,000,000

1,042,540

Saginaw, Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Convenant Med. Ctr.), Ser. H, 5s, 7/1/30

A

1,000,000

1,093,030





Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.2%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Michigan cont.

South Haven, Pub. School Bldg. & Site G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, BAM, 5s, 5/1/29

AA

$575,000

$654,201

Star Intl. Academy Rev. Bonds
(Pub. School Academy), 5s, 3/1/33

BBB

400,000

414,504

Thornapple Kellogg, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/32

Aa2

250,000

284,020

Troy, City School Dist. Bldg. & Site G.O. Bonds, Q-SBLF, 5s, 5/1/28

AA

500,000

569,850

U. of MI Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 4/1/39

Aaa

500,000

568,305

Wayne Cnty., Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Detroit Metro. Arpt.)

FGIC, NATL, 5s, 12/1/25

AA–

1,000,000

1,080,770

Ser. C, 5s, 12/1/22

A2

1,000,000

1,151,430

Wayne St. U. Rev. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 11/15/25

AA

1,000,000

1,125,150

West Ottawa, Pub. School Bldg. & Site Dist. G.O. Bonds, Ser. I, 5s, 5/1/35

Aa2

150,000

166,245

Western MI U. Rev. Bonds

5 1/4s, 11/15/40

A1

500,000

551,640

5 1/4s, 11/15/30

A1

200,000

230,142

5s, 11/15/31

A1

150,000

168,482

Zeeland, Pub. Schools G.O. Bonds, AGM, 4s, 5/1/17

AA

250,000

264,258

65,025,457

Puerto Rico (1.2%)

Cmnwlth. of PR, G.O. Bonds (Pub. Impt.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 7/1/30

CCC+

210,000

152,256

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

220,000

135,857

Ser. C, 5 3/8s, 8/1/36

CCC+

285,000

178,846

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/41

CCC+

270,000

164,705

Ser. C, 5s, 8/1/46

CCC+

345,000

238,919

870,583

Texas (0.7%)

Harris Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. VRDN (The Methodist Hosp.), Ser. C-1, 0.1s, 12/1/24

A-1+

500,000

500,000

500,000

Virgin Islands (0.9%)

VI Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

6s, 10/1/39

Baa3

380,000

423,713

5s, 10/1/25

Baa2

200,000

222,362

646,075



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $64,295,918)

$68,553,932





24     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund









Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $70,494,794.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Local debt

15.6%

Health care

15.5

Education

15.2

Utilities

13.2

Prerefunded

13.1

The fund had the following insurance concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

AGM

15.0%

Q-SBLF

10.9



ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$68,553,932 

$— 

Totals by level

$— 

$68,553,932 

$— 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $64,295,918)

$68,553,932 

Cash

1,553,915 

Interest and other receivables

787,427 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

79,668 

Prepaid assets

1,713 

Total assets

70,976,655 

LIABILITIES

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

257,394 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

25,567 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,424 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

8,129 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

62,217 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

266 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

24,787 

Payable for auditing and tax fees

53,521 

Distributions payable to shareholders

34,495 

Other accrued expenses

13,061 

Total liabilities

481,861 

Net assets

$70,494,794 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$67,432,545 

Distributions in excess of net investment income (Note 1)

(25,630)

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)

(1,170,135)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

4,258,014 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$70,494,794 

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($58,843,397 divided by 6,383,341 shares)

$9.22 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.22)*

$9.60 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($1,236,656 divided by 134,244 shares)**

$9.21 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($1,762,302 divided by 191,086 shares)**

$9.22 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($519,209 divided by 56,308 shares)

$9.22 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.22)†

$9.53 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($8,133,230 divided by 880,794 shares)

$9.23 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




26     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$2,926,985 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

$306,687 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

40,400 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

7,073 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

2,625 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

166,739 

Administrative services (Note 2)

1,867 

Auditing and tax fees

53,785 

Other

43,329 

Total expenses

622,505 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(90)

Net expenses

622,415 

Net investment income

2,304,570 

Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

(129,561)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments during the year

445,813 

Net gain on investments

316,252 

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$2,620,822 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









Statement of changes in net assets

DECREASE IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$2,304,570 

$2,437,711 

Net realized loss on investments

(129,561)

(613,048)

Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments

445,813 

(1,685,043)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

2,620,822 

139,620 

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Taxable net investment income

Class A

(182)

Class B

(4)

Class C

(5)

Class M

(1)

Class Y

(18)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(1,969,133)

(2,178,878)

Class B

(32,759)

(40,431)

Class C

(43,628)

(47,522)

Class M

(10,268)

(6,684)

Class Y

(239,045)

(148,333)

Decrease from capital share transactions (Note 4)

(1,146,823)

(8,749,492)

Total decrease in net assets

(821,044)

(11,031,720)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

71,315,838 

82,347,558 

End of year (including distributions in excess of net investment income of $25,630 and $25,884, respectively)

$70,494,794 

$71,315,838 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




28     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund








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Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     29








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income (loss)

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

From
return of capital

Total
distributions

Redemption
fees

Non-recurring reimbursements

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of
net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.18    

.30    

.04    

.34    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

—    

—    

$9.22    

3.71    

$58,843    

.86    

3.23    

12    

May 31, 2014

9.41    

.30    

(.23)   

.07    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

—    

—    

9.18    

.89    

62,060    

.85    

3.39    

11    

May 31, 2013

9.43    

.31    

(.02)   

.29    

(.31)  

c   

(.31)  

—    

—    

9.41    

3.10    

75,997    

.84    

3.28    

9    

May 31, 2012

8.85    

.34    

.58    

.92    

(.34)  

c   

(.34)  

—    

c,e

9.43    

10.61    

74,259    

.85    

3.73    

9    

May 31, 2011

9.02    

.36    

(.17)   

.19    

(.36)  

—    

(.36)  

c   

c,d

8.85    

2.12    

72,157    

.83    

4.01    

8    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.17    

.24    

.04    

.28    

(.24)  

—    

(.24)  

—    

—    

$9.21    

3.06    

$1,237    

1.49    

2.60    

12    

May 31, 2014

9.40    

.25    

(.24)   

.01    

(.24)  

—    

(.24)  

—    

—    

9.17    

.26    

1,289    

1.48    

2.76    

11    

May 31, 2013

9.43    

.25    

(.03)   

.22    

(.25)  

c   

(.25)  

—    

—    

9.40    

2.35    

1,737    

1.47    

2.64    

9    

May 31, 2012

8.85    

.28    

.58    

.86    

(.28)  

c   

(.28)  

—    

c,e

9.43    

9.92    

1,435    

1.48    

3.10    

9    

May 31, 2011

9.01    

.30    

(.16)   

.14    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

c   

c,d

8.85    

1.60    

1,449    

1.46    

3.35    

8    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.18    

.23    

.04    

.27    

(.23)  

—    

(.23)  

—    

—    

$9.22    

2.90    

$1,762    

1.64    

2.45    

12    

May 31, 2014

9.41    

.23    

(.23)   

c   

(.23)  

—    

(.23)  

—    

—    

9.18    

.11    

1,802    

1.63    

2.61    

11    

May 31, 2013

9.44    

.24    

(.03)   

.21    

(.24)  

c   

(.24)  

—    

—    

9.41    

2.19    

2,295    

1.62    

2.48    

9    

May 31, 2012

8.85    

.27    

.59    

.86    

(.27)  

c   

(.27)  

—    

c,e

9.44    

9.83    

1,459    

1.63    

2.92    

9    

May 31, 2011

9.01    

.29    

(.16)   

.13    

(.29)  

—    

(.29)  

c   

c,d

8.85    

1.44    

477    

1.61    

3.23    

8    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.18    

.27    

.04    

.31    

(.27)  

—    

(.27)  

—    

—    

$9.22    

3.42    

$519    

1.14    

2.96    

12    

May 31, 2014

9.41    

.28    

(.23)   

.05    

(.28)  

—    

(.28)  

—    

—    

9.18    

.61    

236    

1.13    

3.11    

11    

May 31, 2013

9.44    

.29    

(.04)   

.25    

(.28)  

c   

(.28)  

—    

—    

9.41    

2.71    

261    

1.12    

3.02    

9    

May 31, 2012

8.86    

.32    

.57    

.89    

(.31)  

c   

(.31)  

—    

c,e

9.44    

10.30    

504    

1.13    

3.45    

9    

May 31, 2011

9.02    

.33    

(.16)   

.17    

(.33)  

—    

(.33)  

c   

c,d

8.86    

1.96    

693    

1.11    

3.74    

8    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.19    

.32    

.04    

.36    

(.32)  

—    

(.32)  

—    

—    

$9.23    

3.93    

$8,133    

.64    

3.46    

12    

May 31, 2014

9.42    

.32    

(.23)   

.09    

(.32)  

—    

(.32)  

—    

—    

9.19    

1.11    

5,929    

.63    

3.63    

11    

May 31, 2013

9.45    

.33    

(.03)   

.30    

(.33)  

c   

(.33)  

—    

—    

9.42    

3.22    

2,057    

.62    

3.49    

9    

May 31, 2012

8.86    

.36    

.59    

.95    

(.36)  

c   

(.36)  

—    

c,e

9.45    

10.95    

1,198    

.63    

3.87    

9    

May 31, 2011

9.02    

.38    

(.16)   

.22    

(.38)  

—    

(.38)  

c   

c,d

8.86    

2.45    

197    

.61    

4.21    

8    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage service arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 18, 2011.

eReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


30

Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund

Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund

31








Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified, open-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Michigan personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Michigan personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.




32     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund








Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

At May 31, 2015, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $1,061,605 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. The amounts of the carryovers and the expiration dates are:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

Expiration

$168,122

$477,063

$645,185

*

153,494

N/A

153,494

May 31, 2018

262,926

N/A

262,926

May 31, 2019


* Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an unlimited period. However, any losses incurred will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred in pre-enactment tax years. As a result of




Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     33








this ordering rule, pre-enactment capital loss carryforwards may be more likely to expire unused. Additionally, post-enactment capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law.

Pursuant to federal income tax regulations applicable to regulated investment companies, the fund has elected to defer certain capital losses of $116,331 recognized during the period between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 to its fiscal year ending May 31, 2016.

Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from late year loss deferrals and the expiration of a capital loss carryover. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $9,273 to increase distributions in excess of net investment income, $427,874 to decrease paid-in-capital and $437,147 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$4,703,351

Unrealized depreciation

(436,064)

Net unrealized appreciation

4,267,287

Undistributed ordinary income

67

Undistributed tax-exempt income

8,798

Capital loss carry forward

(1,061,605)

Post-October capital loss deferral

(116,331)

Cost for federal income tax purposes

$64,286,645


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.




34     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund








Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$34,433

Class B

715

Class C

1,005

Class M

213

Class Y

4,034

Total

$40,400


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $90 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $42, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$136,279

Class B

10,763

Class C

17,941

Class M

1,756

Total

$166,739


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $11,163 and $1 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received no monies in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received no monies on class A redemptions.




Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     35








Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities (Long-term)

$10,080,257

$8,454,070

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$10,080,257

$8,454,070


Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

273,616 

$2,531,378 

266,120 

$2,392,655 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

181,438 

1,682,055 

206,946 

1,851,819 

455,054 

4,213,433 

473,066 

4,244,474 

Shares repurchased

(833,292)

(7,727,214)

(1,787,618)

(15,945,823)

Net decrease

(378,238)

$(3,513,781)

(1,314,552)

$(11,701,349)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

18,517 

$172,251 

1,257 

$11,238 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

1,506 

13,948 

2,049 

18,306 

20,023 

186,199 

3,306 

29,544 

Shares repurchased

(26,304)

(244,147)

(47,503)

(422,706)

Net decrease

(6,281)

$(57,948)

(44,197)

$(393,162)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

55,826 

$518,497 

24,989 

$222,575 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

4,230 

39,227 

4,856 

43,474 

60,056 

557,724 

29,845 

266,049 

Shares repurchased

(65,263)

(609,888)

(77,364)

(691,293)

Net decrease

(5,207)

$(52,164)

(47,519)

$(425,244)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

30,629 

$286,220 

4,919 

$45,168 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

1,055 

9,787 

695 

6,223 

31,684 

296,007 

5,614 

51,391 

Shares repurchased

(1,031)

(9,444)

(7,663)

(68,403)

Net increase (decrease)

30,653 

$286,563 

(2,049)

$(17,012)





36     Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund









Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

321,635 

$2,987,587 

600,740 

$5,342,778 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

24,268 

225,496 

15,122 

135,689 

345,903 

3,213,083 

615,862 

5,478,467 

Shares repurchased

(110,036)

(1,022,576)

(189,242)

(1,691,192)

Net increase

235,867 

$2,190,507 

426,620 

$3,787,275 


At the close of the reporting period, Putnam Investments, LLC owned 1,931 class M shares of the fund (3.4% of class M shares outstanding), valued at $17,804.

Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund focuses a majority of its investments in the state of Michigan and may be affected by economic and political developments in that state.




Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund     37















Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Trustees and Shareholders of
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”) at May 31, 2015, and the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of investments owned at May 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
July 14, 2015




20     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund








The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations


AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

COP Certificates of Participation

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.5%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Arizona (0.4%)

Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. Rev. Bonds (Great Hearts Academies), 5s, 7/1/44

BB+

$375,000

$383,779

383,779

California (0.2%)

San Bernardino, Cmnty. College Dist. G.O. Bonds (Election of 2008), Ser. B, zero %, 8/1/44

Aa2

1,000,000

262,350

262,350

Guam (0.3%)

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

300,000

332,577

332,577

Illinois (0.1%)

Chicago, Motor Fuel Tax Rev. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 1/1/30

AA+

100,000

102,094

102,094

Michigan (0.1%)

MI State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Detroit Wtr. & Swr.), Ser. C-6, 5s, 7/1/33

BBB+

140,000

151,008

151,008

Minnesota (95.5%)

Anoka Cnty., G.O. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 2/1/24

Aa1

620,000

683,748

5s, 2/1/24

Aa1

470,000

534,681

Bloomington, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No 271), Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/18

AA+

500,000

551,270

Brainerd, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No. 181), Ser. A, 4s, 2/1/21

AA+

500,000

550,940

Burnsville, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No. 191), Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/25

Aa2

865,000

954,666

Burnsville, Indpt. School Bldg. Dist. No. 191 G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 4s, 2/1/33

Aa2

500,000

526,620

Center City, Hlth. Care Facs. Rev. Bonds (Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation)

5s, 11/1/44

A3

500,000

548,330

5s, 11/1/41

A3

700,000

737,282

Central MN Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Rev. Bonds (Twin Cities Transmission Project), 5s, 1/1/32

A3

1,000,000

1,096,040

Circle Pines, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No 12), Ser. A, zero %, 2/1/25

AA+

750,000

576,608

Cloquet, Indpt. School Bldg. Dist. No. 94 G.O. Bonds, Ser. B, 5s, 2/1/27 ##

Aa2

1,100,000

1,307,251





Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Minnesota cont.

Cologne, Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/34

BBB–

$345,000

$368,598

Deephaven, Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds (Eagle Ridge Academy), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 7/1/33

BBB–

500,000

525,790

Douglas Cnty., Gross Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Douglas Cnty. Hosp.)

6 1/4s, 7/1/38 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

BBB–

810,000

934,027

6 1/4s, 7/1/38 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

AAA/P

440,000

507,373

Duluth, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Pub. Schools Academy), Ser. A, 5 7/8s, 11/1/40

BBB–

500,000

522,175

East Grand Forks, Poll. Control Rev. Bonds (American Crystal Sugar), Ser. A, 6s, 4/1/18

BBB+

325,000

325,592

Farmington, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No. 192), Ser. B, AGM, 5s, 2/1/19 (Prerefunded 2/1/16)

Aa2

1,080,000

1,112,324

Forest Lake, Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds (Lake Intl. Language Academy Bldg. Co.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 8/1/36

BBB–

250,000

271,185

Hennepin Cnty., Sales Tax Rev. Bonds

(Ball Park), Ser. B, 5s, 12/15/26

AA+

2,855,000

3,142,202

4 3/4s, 12/15/29

AAA

500,000

541,155

Jordan, Indpt. School Bldg. G.O. Bonds (Dist. No. 717), Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/28

Aa2

1,000,000

1,169,490

Lakeville, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No 194), Ser. D, 5s, 2/1/21

Aa2

1,000,000

1,168,540

Maple Grove, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/22 (Prerefunded 2/1/17)

Aaa

2,575,000

2,749,534

Maple Grove, Hlth. Care Syst. Rev. Bonds (Maple Grove Hosp. Corp.), 5 1/4s, 5/1/37

Baa1

1,500,000

1,564,185

Minneapolis & St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Hlth. Care VRDN (Allina Hlth. Syst.)

Ser. B-2, 0.09s, 11/15/35

VMIG1

1,000,000

1,000,000

Ser. B-1, 0.1s, 11/15/35

VMIG1

500,000

500,000

Minneapolis & St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Hlth. Care Syst. Rev. Bonds (Children’s Hlth. Care Fac.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 8/15/35

A+

500,000

566,900

Minneapolis & St. Paul, Metro. Arpt. Comm. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/35

AA–

1,000,000

1,112,980

Ser. B, 5s, 1/1/29

A

910,000

1,035,935

Ser. B, 5s, 1/1/23

A

730,000

851,421

Ser. B, 5s, 1/1/22

AA–

1,250,000

1,389,825

Minneapolis, Rev. Bonds (National Marrow Donor Program), 4 7/8s, 8/1/25

BBB+

650,000

681,460

Minnetonka, COP (Indpt. School Dist. No. 276), Ser. E, 5s, 3/1/29

Aa1

350,000

391,451

Minnetonka, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No. 276)

Ser. E, 5s, 2/1/28

AA+

1,500,000

1,652,565

Ser. B, AGM, zero %, 2/1/23

AA+

2,350,000

1,709,437





22     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Minnesota cont.

MN Agricultural & Econ. Dev. Board Rev. Bonds

(Hlth. Care Syst.), Ser. A, NATL, 5 1/2s, 11/15/17

AA–

$385,000

$386,117

(Essentia Hlth.), Ser. C-1, AGO, 5s, 2/15/30

AA

1,000,000

1,085,650

MN State G.O. Bonds

(Trunk Hwy.), Ser. B, 5s, 10/1/30

Aa1

1,000,000

1,158,760

Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/30

Aa1

750,000

890,490

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/24

Aa1

490,000

578,548

Ser. A, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 10/1/24 (Prerefunded 10/1/21)

AAA/P

10,000

11,932

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/17

Aa1

525,000

575,747

(Trunk Hwy.), Ser. B, 4s, 8/1/26

Aa1

500,000

555,800

MN State Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/38

AA

1,000,000

1,110,440

(Gen. Fund Appropriations), Ser. B, 5s, 3/1/29

AA

500,000

571,450

MN State College & U. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 10/1/31

Aa2

1,000,000

1,127,350

4s, 10/1/25

Aa2

1,000,000

1,095,630

MN State Higher Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(U. of St. Thomas), Ser. 6-W, 6s, 10/1/30

A2

1,500,000

1,604,460

(Bethel U.), Ser. 6-R, 5 1/2s, 5/1/37

BBB–/P

1,000,000

1,029,710

(U. of St. Thomas), Ser. 6-X, 5 1/4s, 4/1/39

A2

500,000

532,265

(College of St. Scholastica, Inc.), Ser. H, 5 1/8s, 12/1/40

Baa2

750,000

795,473

(Carleton College), Ser. D, 5s, 3/1/40

Aa2

1,000,000

1,109,970

(U. of St. Thomas), Ser. 7-A, 5s, 10/1/39

A2

500,000

548,155

(St. Catherine U.), Ser. 7-Q, 5s, 10/1/32

Baa1

700,000

744,961

(Gustavus Adolfus College), Ser. 7-B, 5s, 10/1/31

A3

500,000

548,155

(College of St. Benedict), Ser. 7-M, 5s, 3/1/31

Baa1

300,000

326,892

(St. Olaf College), Ser. 6-0, 5s, 10/1/20

A1

1,000,000

1,058,370

(St. John’s U.), Ser. 6-G, 5s, 10/1/15

A2

1,525,000

1,548,348

(St. John’s U.), Ser. 6-U, 4 3/4s, 10/1/33

A2

500,000

536,190

(St. Olaf College), Ser. 7-F, 4 1/2s, 10/1/30

A1

750,000

797,190

(College of St. Scholastica, Inc.), Ser. 7-R, 4s, 12/1/19

Baa2

200,000

216,306

(Macalester College), Ser. 7-S, 3s, 5/1/22

Aa3

415,000

430,733

MN State Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds (Res. Hsg. Fin.)

Ser. M, 5 3/4s, 1/1/37

Aa1

5,000

5,015

Ser. E, 5.1s, 1/1/40

Aa1

695,000

721,097

Ser. B, 4.9s, 7/1/37

Aa1

910,000

910,264

Ser. L, 4.9s, 7/1/22

Aa1

1,475,000

1,518,985

MN State Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Elec. Rev. Bonds

5 1/4s, 10/1/27

A2

1,000,000

1,092,440

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/34

A2

150,000

169,553

5s, 10/1/33

A2

250,000

283,015

5s, 10/1/30 (Prerefunded 10/1/15)

A2

500,000

508,010





Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Minnesota cont.

Monticello-Big Lake Cmnty., Hosp. Dist. Rev. Bonds (Hlth. Care Fac.), Ser. A, 4.8s, 12/1/18

A/P

$500,000

$524,445

North Oaks, Sr. Hsg. Rev. Bonds (Presbyterian Homes North Oaks)

6 1/2s, 10/1/47

BB/P

500,000

530,690

6 1/8s, 10/1/39

BB/P

315,000

333,166

Northern MN Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Elec. Syst. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A-2, 5s, 1/1/24

A3

500,000

569,160

Ser. A, AGO, 5s, 1/1/21

AA

1,000,000

1,090,020

Ser. A-1, 5s, 1/1/19

A3

500,000

561,290

Northfield, Hosp. Rev. Bonds

5 3/8s, 11/1/26

BBB

750,000

789,878

5 1/4s, 11/1/21

BBB

500,000

527,085

Olmsted Cnty., G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 4s, 2/1/19

Aaa

955,000

1,048,323

Otsego, Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds (Kaleidoscope Charter School), Ser. A, 5s, 9/1/44

BB+

400,000

401,732

Ramsey Cnty., Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Multi-Fam. Rev. Bonds (Hanover Townhouses), 6s, 7/1/31

Aa2

1,150,000

1,151,242

Rochester, G.O. Bonds

(Waste Wtr.), Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/24

Aaa

1,000,000

1,186,200

(Indpt. School Dist. No. 535), Ser. A, 3s, 2/1/23

AA+

1,000,000

1,066,290

Rochester, Elec. Util. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5s, 12/1/43

Aa3

1,000,000

1,121,890

Rochester, Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds

(Olmsted Med. Ctr.), 5 7/8s, 7/1/30

A–/F

1,000,000

1,165,170

(Mayo Clinic), Ser. D, 5s, 11/15/38

Aa2

500,000

562,565

(Mayo Clinic), Ser. E, 5s, 11/15/38

Aa2

750,000

843,848

(Olmsted Med. Ctr.), 5s, 7/1/33

A–/F

650,000

712,797

(Mayo Clinic), 4s, 11/15/41

Aa2

250,000

257,028

Rochester, Hlth. Care Fac. VRDN (Mayo Clinic)

Ser. B, 0.07s, 11/15/38

VMIG1

500,000

500,000

Ser. A, 0.07s, 11/15/38

A-1+

500,000

500,000

Rocori Area Schools, G.O. Bonds (Indpt. School Dist. No. 750), Ser. B, 5s, 2/1/28

AA+

525,000

592,211

Shakopee, Hlth. Care Facs. Rev. Bonds (St. Francis Regl. Med. Ctr.)

5s, 9/1/34

BBB+

670,000

741,502

5s, 9/1/29

BBB+

250,000

284,040

Southern MN Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5 1/4s, 1/1/30

A1

750,000

838,425

NATL, zero %, 1/1/24

AA–

2,000,000

1,582,280

St. Cloud, Hlth. Care Rev. Bonds (Centracare Hlth. Syst.)

AGO, 5 3/8s, 5/1/31

A1

1,000,000

1,113,970

Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 5/1/30

A1

500,000

560,540





24     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Minnesota cont.

St. Louis Park, Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Nicollet Hlth. Svcs.)

U.S. Govt. Coll. 5 3/4s, 7/1/39 (Prerefunded 7/1/19)

A

$1,000,000

$1,133,990

U.S. Govt. Coll. Ser. C, 5 3/4s, 7/1/30 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

A

1,000,000

1,114,230

St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Rossy & Richard Shaller), Ser. A, 5.05s, 10/1/27

BB–/P

550,000

555,852

Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/35

A1

385,000

427,808

(SPCPA Bldg. Co.), 4 5/8s, 3/1/43

BBB–

350,000

353,955

St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds

(Nova Classical Academy), Ser. A, 6 5/8s, 9/1/42

BBB–

250,000

282,830

(German Immersion School), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/33

BB+

500,000

509,295

St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Hlth. Care Rev. Bonds

(Gillette Children’s Specialty), 5s, 2/1/29

A–

1,000,000

1,094,990

(Allina Hlth. Syst.), Ser. A, NATL, 5s, 11/15/19

Aa3

1,000,000

1,095,540

St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (HealthPartners Oblig. Group)

U.S. Govt. Coll. 5 1/4s, 5/15/36 (Prerefunded 11/15/16)

A2

450,000

473,180

Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/33

A2

1,000,000

1,103,890

St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Healtheast), 6s, 11/15/35

BBB–

500,000

509,360

St. Paul, Metro. Council Area G.O. Bonds (Transit Cap.), Ser. C, 4s, 3/1/25

Aaa

1,120,000

1,236,816

St. Paul, Port Auth. Rev. Bonds (Brownfields Redev.), Ser. 2, 4 1/2s, 3/1/27

AA+

1,305,000

1,376,775

St. Paul, Port Auth. Lease Rev. Bonds (Regions Hosp. Pkg. Ramp), Ser. 1, 5s, 8/1/36

A–/P

750,000

752,805

St. Paul, Port Auth. Solid Waste Disp. Rev. Bonds (Gerdau St. Paul Steel Mill), Ser. 7, 4 1/2s, 10/1/37

Baa3

600,000

581,466

U. of MN Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 7/1/17 (Escrowed to maturity)

AA

2,160,000

2,380,342

Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 7/1/21 (Escrowed to maturity)

AA

1,000,000

1,182,810

Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 12/1/30

Aa1

1,000,000

1,180,860

Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 4/1/29

Aa1

500,000

568,485

Ser. C, 5s, 12/1/21

Aa1

500,000

570,945

Western MN Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 1/1/35

Aa3

500,000

567,835

5s, 1/1/31

Aa3

1,000,000

1,150,250

5s, 1/1/30

Aa3

1,000,000

1,140,460

Willmar, G.O. Bonds (Rice Memorial Hosp.), Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/21

Aa3

1,000,000

1,167,960





Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Minnesota cont.

Winona, Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Winona Hlth. Oblig. Group)

5s, 7/1/34

BBB–

$400,000

$428,060

5s, 7/1/16

BBB–

425,000

439,862

5s, 7/1/15

BBB–

450,000

451,229

Woodbury, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 3s, 2/1/22

AAA

780,000

823,415

Woodbury, Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds (MSA Bldg. Co.), Ser. A

5s, 12/1/32

BBB–

220,000

237,585

5s, 12/1/27

BBB–

210,000

229,977

106,323,695

New Jersey (0.3%)

NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (NYNJ Link Borrower, LLC), 5 3/8s, 1/1/43

BBB–

260,000

282,194

282,194

New York (0.1%)

Nassau Cnty., Local Econ. Assistance Corp. Rev. Bonds (Catholic Hlth. Svcs. Of Long Island Oblig. Group), 5s, 7/1/33

Baa1

100,000

111,494

111,494

Ohio (0.4%)

Franklin Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 11/15/23

A–/F

150,000

171,762

OH State Tpk. Comm. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 2/15/48

A1

250,000

274,578

446,340

Pennsylvania (0.2%)

Cumberland Cnty., Muni. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Diakon Lutheran Social Ministries), 5s, 1/1/38 ##

BBB+/F

250,000

263,208

263,208

Puerto Rico (0.5%)

Cmnwlth. of PR, G.O. Bonds (Pub. Impt.), Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 7/1/40

CCC+

250,000

188,130

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

305,000

188,347

NATL, zero %, 8/1/44

AA–

1,000,000

150,960

527,437

Texas (0.2%)

Tarrant Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds (Trinity Terrace), Ser. A-1, 5s, 10/1/44

BBB+/F

250,000

266,483

266,483

Virginia (0.2%)

Alexandria, Indl. Dev. Auth. Res. Care Fac. Mtge. Rev. Bonds (Goodwin House, Inc.), 5s, 10/1/45

BBB/F

225,000

235,715

235,715



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $103,747,566)

$109,688,374





26     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund









Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $111,319,872.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

##

Forward commitment, in part or in entirety (Note 1).

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Health care

19.1%

Education

18.4

Local debt

17.2

Prerefunded

10.9

Utilities

10.6

ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$109,688,374 

$— 

Totals by level

$— 

$109,688,374 

$— 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $103,747,566)

$109,688,374 

Cash

2,998,813 

Interest and other receivables

1,444,865 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

261,212 

Receivable for investments sold

5,106 

Prepaid assets

4,844 

Total assets

114,403,214 

LIABILITIES

Payable for investments purchased

1,103,000 

Payable for purchases of delayed delivery securities (Note 1)

1,563,918 

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

131,956 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

40,211 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,532 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

12,678 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

65,080 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

408 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

49,922 

Distributions payable to shareholders

47,419 

Other accrued expenses

66,218 

Total liabilities

3,083,342 

Net assets

$111,319,872 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$106,107,763 

Undistributed net investment income (Note 1)

62,138 

Accumulated net realized loss on investments

(790,837)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

5,940,808 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$111,319,872 

(Continued on next page)


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




28     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of assets and liabilities (Continued)

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($89,082,150 divided by 9,502,678 shares)

$9.37 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.37)*

$9.76 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($1,062,934 divided by 113,744 shares)** †

$9.35 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($17,257,153 divided by 1,843,781 shares)**

$9.36 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($360,167 divided by 38,456 shares)

$9.37 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.37)‡

$9.68 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($3,557,468 divided by 378,901 shares)

$9.39 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 Net asset value may not recalculate due to rounding of fractional shares.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     29









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$4,188,860 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

465,956 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

61,559 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

7,374 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

3,964 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

381,435 

Administrative services (Note 2)

2,824 

Auditing and tax fees

51,497 

Other

55,045 

Total expenses

1,029,654 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(198)

Net expenses

1,029,456 

Net investment income

3,159,404 

Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

(21,620)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments during the year

89,437 

Net gain on investments

67,817 

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$3,227,221 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




30     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of changes in net assets

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$3,159,404 

$3,288,698 

Net realized loss on investments

(21,620)

(573,048)

Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments

89,437 

(1,354,482)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

3,227,221 

1,361,168 

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Net realized short-term gain on investments

Class A

(20,761)

Class B

(322)

Class C

(3,922)

Class M

(119)

Class Y

(360)

From net realized long-term gain on investments

Class A

(412,395)

Class B

(6,399)

Class C

(77,910)

Class M

(2,354)

Class Y

(7,147)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(2,646,539)

(2,764,524)

Class B

(27,736)

(34,171)

Class C

(372,835)

(403,689)

Class M

(10,825)

(15,039)

Class Y

(83,383)

(54,049)

Increase (decrease) from capital share transactions (Note 4)

6,862,022 

(18,334,671)

Total increase (decrease) in net assets

6,947,925 

(20,776,664)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

104,371,947 

125,148,611 

End of year (including undistributed net investment income of $62,138 and $54,947, respectively)

$111,319,872 

$104,371,947 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     31








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income (loss)

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

From
net realized gain on investments

Total
distributions

Non-recurring reimbursements

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of
net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.36    

.28    

.01    

.29    

(.28)  

—    

(.28)  

—    

$9.37    

3.15    

$89,082    

.83    

3.02    

6    

May 31, 2014

9.51    

.29    

(.10)   

.19    

(.29)  

(.05)  

(.34)  

—    

9.36    

2.08    

85,180    

.83    

3.16    

5    

May 31, 2013

9.53    

.28    

(.01)   

.27    

(.28)  

(.01)  

(.29)  

—    

9.51    

2.81    

101,150    

.82    

2.99    

14    

May 31, 2012

8.97    

.33    

.56    

.89    

(.33)  

—    

(.33)  

c,d

9.53    

10.12    

93,948    

.83    

3.60    

4    

May 31, 2011

9.05    

.34    

(.06)   

.28    

(.36)  

—    

(.36)  

c,e

8.97    

3.11    

82,990    

.83    

3.83    

17    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.33    

.23    

.01    

.24    

(.22)  

—    

(.22)  

—    

$9.35    

2.64    

$1,063    

1.45    

2.40    

6    

May 31, 2014

9.49    

.23    

(.11)   

.12    

(.23)  

(.05)  

(.28)  

—    

9.33    

1.35    

1,236    

1.45    

2.54    

5    

May 31, 2013

9.51    

.22    

(.01)   

.21    

(.22)  

(.01)  

(.23)  

—    

9.49    

2.19    

1,727    

1.44    

2.38    

14    

May 31, 2012

8.94    

.28    

.57    

.85    

(.28)  

—    

(.28)  

c,d

9.51    

9.60    

1,612    

1.45    

2.99    

4    

May 31, 2011

9.02    

.29    

(.07)   

.22    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

c,e

8.94    

2.46    

2,119    

1.45    

3.18    

17    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.35    

.21    

.01    

.22    

(.21)  

—    

(.21)  

—    

$9.36    

2.37    

$17,257    

1.60    

2.26    

6    

May 31, 2014

9.50    

.22    

(.10)   

.12    

(.22)  

(.05)  

(.27)  

—    

9.35    

1.30    

16,034    

1.60    

2.39    

5    

May 31, 2013

9.52    

.21    

(.01)   

.20    

(.21)  

(.01)  

(.22)  

—    

9.50    

2.03    

19,678    

1.59    

2.20    

14    

May 31, 2012

8.95    

.26    

.57    

.83    

(.26)  

—    

(.26)  

c,d

9.52    

9.40    

12,655    

1.60    

2.82    

4    

May 31, 2011

9.03    

.27    

(.06)   

.21    

(.29)  

—    

(.29)  

c,e

8.95    

2.34    

7,897    

1.60    

3.07    

17    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.35    

.26    

.02    

.28    

(.26)  

—    

(.26)  

—    

$9.37    

2.99    

$360    

1.10    

2.75    

6    

May 31, 2014

9.51    

.27    

(.12)   

.15    

(.26)  

(.05)  

(.31)  

—    

9.35    

1.70    

484    

1.10    

2.89    

5    

May 31, 2013

9.52    

.25    

c   

.25    

(.25)  

(.01)  

(.26)  

—    

9.51    

2.65    

591    

1.09    

2.73    

14    

May 31, 2012

8.96    

.31    

.56    

.87    

(.31)  

—    

(.31)  

c,d

9.52    

9.85    

639    

1.10    

3.33    

4    

May 31, 2011

9.04    

.32    

(.07)   

.25    

(.33)  

—    

(.33)  

c,e

8.96    

2.84    

633    

1.10    

3.56    

17    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.38    

.31    

c   

.31    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

—    

$9.39    

3.38    

$3,557    

.60    

3.26    

6    

May 31, 2014

9.53    

.31    

(.10)   

.21    

(.31)  

(.05)  

(.36)  

—    

9.38    

2.31    

1,438    

.60    

3.39    

5    

May 31, 2013

9.54    

.30    

c   

.30    

(.30)  

(.01)  

(.31)  

—    

9.53    

3.15    

2,003    

.59    

3.19    

14    

May 31, 2012

8.98    

.36    

.55    

.91    

(.35)  

—    

(.35)  

c,d

9.54    

10.34    

870    

.60    

3.82    

4    

May 31, 2011

9.06    

.36    

(.06)   

.30    

(.38)  

—    

(.38)  

c,e

8.98    

3.38    

530    

.60    

4.06    

17    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage/service arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

eReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 11, 2011.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


32

Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund

Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund

33








Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified open-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Minnesota personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Minnesota personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.




34     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund








Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Securities purchased or sold on a forward commitment or delayed delivery basis may be settled at a future date beyond customary settlement time; interest income is accrued based on the terms of the securities. Losses may arise due to changes in the fair value of the underlying securities or if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred for an unlimited period and the carry forwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. At May 31, 2015, the fund had the following capital loss carryovers available, to the extent allowed by the Code, to offset future net capital gain, if any:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

$332,456

$254,836

$587,292





Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     35








Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from straddle loss deferrals. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $10,895 to decrease undistributed net investment income and $10,895 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$6,290,429

Unrealized depreciation

(332,178)

Net unrealized appreciation

5,958,251

Undistributed ordinary income

5,084

Undistributed tax-exempt income

104,473

Capital loss carryforward

(587,292)

Cost for federal income tax purposes

$103,730,123


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s




36     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund








average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$49,707

Class B

645

Class C

9,440

Class M

220

Class Y

1,547

Total

$61,559


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $198 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $64, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$203,248

Class B

9,835

Class C

166,378

Class M

1,974

Total

$381,435


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $9,347 and no monies from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $181 and $539 in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received $1,674 on class A redemptions.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities (Long-term)

$15,533,952

$6,560,355

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$15,533,952

$6,560,355





Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     37








Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

1,616,562 

$15,229,253 

894,368 

$8,195,224 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

240,540 

2,268,423 

299,707 

2,738,452 

1,857,102 

17,497,676 

1,194,075 

10,933,676 

Shares repurchased

(1,452,235)

(13,683,757)

(2,728,144)

(24,941,568)

Net increase (decrease)

404,867 

$3,813,919 

(1,534,069)

$(14,007,892)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

5,432 

$51,003 

6,604 

$59,916 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

2,750 

25,849 

4,095 

37,292 

8,182 

76,852 

10,699 

97,208 

Shares repurchased

(26,874)

(252,774)

(60,286)

(552,362)

Net decrease

(18,692)

$(175,922)

(49,587)

$(455,154)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

327,526 

$3,084,318 

241,492 

$2,214,987 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

36,408 

342,844 

49,191 

448,591 

363,934 

3,427,162 

290,683 

2,663,578 

Shares repurchased

(235,332)

(2,211,427)

(647,024)

(5,907,018)

Net increase (decrease)

128,602 

$1,215,735 

(356,341)

$(3,243,440)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

$—

98 

$899 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

1,060 

9,987 

1,799 

16,417 

1,060 

9,987 

1,897 

17,316 

Shares repurchased

(14,349)

(134,518)

(12,355)

(112,609)

Net decrease

(13,289)

$(124,531)

(10,458)

$(95,293)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

274,314 

$2,593,785 

61,538 

$564,909 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

7,966 

75,304 

5,592 

51,223 

282,280 

2,669,089 

67,130 

616,132 

Shares repurchased

(56,720)

(536,268)

(124,001)

(1,149,024)

Net increase (decrease)

225,560 

$2,132,821 

(56,871)

$(532,892)





38     Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund








Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund focuses a majority of its investments in the state of Minnesota and may be affected by economic and political developments in that state.




Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund     39















Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Trustees and Shareholders of
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”) at May 31, 2015, and the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of investments owned at May 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
July 15, 2015




20     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund








The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations


AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.4%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

California (1.0%)

CA Poll. Control Fin. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. 144A Mandatory Put Bonds (2/2/15) (Republic Svcs., Inc.), Ser. A, 1/2s, 8/1/23

A–2

$2,000,000

$2,000,000

2,000,000

Delaware (0.5%)

DE River & Bay Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/42

A1

1,000,000

1,103,260

1,103,260

Guam (1.7%)

Territory of GU, Bus. Privilege Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/31

A

1,125,000

1,239,671

Territory of GU, Govt. Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds (Section 30), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 12/1/34

BBB+

1,000,000

1,127,370

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

450,000

498,866

Territory of GU, Pwr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 10/1/40

BBB

500,000

553,905

3,419,812

Mississippi (0.6%)

MS State Bus. Fin. Commission Gulf Opportunity Zone VRDN (Chevron USA, Inc.), Ser. C, 0.06s, 12/1/30

VMIG1

1,200,000

1,200,000

1,200,000

New Jersey (84.4%)

Bayonne, G.O. Bonds, AGM

5s, 7/15/25 (Prerefunded 7/15/15)

Aa3

1,660,000

1,669,462

5s, 7/15/25

Aa3

199,000

200,071

Burlington Cnty., Bridge Comm. Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds (The Evergreens), 5 5/8s, 1/1/38

BB+/P

1,450,000

1,494,791

Camden Cnty., Impt. Auth. Hlth. Care Rev. Bonds (Cooper Hlth. Syst. Oblig. Group), 5s, 2/15/35

BBB+

250,000

266,123

Essex Cnty., Impt. Auth. Rev. Bonds

NATL, 5 1/2s, 10/1/30

Aa2

1,290,000

1,665,403

Ser. 06, AMBAC, 5 1/4s, 12/15/20

Aa2

1,000,000

1,179,770

AMBAC, 5s, 12/15/23

Aa2

2,000,000

2,212,900

Freehold, Regl. High School Dist. G.O. Bonds, FGIC, NATL, 5s, 3/1/19

AA+

1,500,000

1,692,780

Garden State Preservation Trust Rev. Bonds

(Open Space & Farmland 2005), Ser. A, AGM, 5 3/4s, 11/1/28

AAA

2,000,000

2,446,000

Ser. B, AGM, zero %, 11/1/24

AAA

6,000,000

4,580,100





New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.4%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

New Jersey cont.

Gloucester Cnty., Impt. Auth. Rev. Bonds

5s, 4/1/28

Aa2

$2,310,000

$2,529,612

5s, 4/1/23

Aa2

500,000

551,925

Hillsborough Twp., School Dist. G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5 3/8s, 10/1/21

AA

1,720,000

2,054,351

Irvington Twp., G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, AGM, 5s, 7/15/31

AA

500,000

560,580

Middletown Twp., Board of Ed. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 8/1/27

AA

1,500,000

1,727,535

Millburn Twp., Board of Ed. G.O. Bonds, 5.35s, 7/15/17

Aaa

1,150,000

1,259,342

New Brunswick, Pkg. Auth. Rev. Bonds (City Gtd. Pkg.)

5s, 9/1/30

A+

250,000

280,943

5s, 9/1/29

A+

250,000

283,548

NJ Inst. of Tech. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 7/1/40

A1

1,000,000

1,112,060

5s, 7/1/32

A1

1,250,000

1,391,463

NJ State G.O. Bonds, 5s, 6/1/27 (Prerefunded 6/1/17)

A2

1,500,000

1,626,270

NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Cranes Mill), Ser. A, 6s, 7/1/38

BBB–/F

750,000

774,570

(Ashland School, Inc.), 6s, 10/1/33

BBB

1,000,000

1,141,930

(Paterson Charter School Science & Tech.), Ser. A, 6s, 7/1/32

BB+

800,000

818,912

(MSU Student Hsg.), 5 7/8s, 6/1/42

Baa3

1,550,000

1,739,224

(School Fac. Construction), Ser. N-1, AMBAC, 5 1/2s, 9/1/24

A3

1,500,000

1,662,570

(Lions Gate), 5 1/4s, 1/1/44

BB–/P

200,000

204,988

(School Fac. Construction), Ser. AA, 5 1/4s, 12/15/33

A3

1,500,000

1,596,180

(Provident Group-Rowan Properties, LLC), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/35

BBB–

750,000

798,720

(School Fac. Construction), Ser. Y, 5s, 9/1/33

A3

500,000

510,615

(School Fac.), Ser. U, AGM, 5s, 9/1/32

AA

1,000,000

1,038,860

(Paterson Charter School), Ser. C, 5s, 7/1/32

BB+

1,125,000

1,042,020

(Seeing Eye, Inc.), 5s, 6/1/32

A

2,015,000

2,234,031

(NYNJ Link Borrower, LLC), AGM, 5s, 1/1/31

AA

1,150,000

1,259,871

(School Fac. Construction), Ser. P, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 9/1/30 (Prerefunded 9/1/15)

A3

2,040,000

2,064,378

(United Methodist Homes), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/29

BBB–/F

500,000

531,080

(Motor Vehicle), Ser. A, NATL, 5s, 7/1/27

AA–

1,000,000

1,010,400

(School Fac. Construction), Ser. II, 5s, 3/1/27

A3

2,000,000

2,112,240

5s, 6/15/26

Baa1

2,000,000

2,192,100

(Middlesex Wtr. Co., Inc.), Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/23

A

1,500,000

1,764,270

NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Energy Fac. Rev. Bonds (UMM Energy Partners, LLC), Ser. A, 4 3/4s, 6/15/32

Baa3

1,000,000

1,046,820





22     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.4%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

New Jersey cont.

NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Retirement Cmnty. Rev. Bonds (Seabrook Village, Inc.), 5 1/4s, 11/15/36

BB–/P

$200,000

$202,750

NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Wtr. Fac. Rev. Bonds (NJ American Wtr. Co.)

Ser. A, 5.7s, 10/1/39

A1

3,500,000

3,951,955

Ser. B, 5.6s, 11/1/34

A1

500,000

556,040

Ser. D, 4 7/8s, 11/1/29

A1

700,000

744,919

NJ State Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(U. of Med. and Dentistry), Ser. B, U.S. Govt. Coll., 7 1/2s, 12/1/32 (Prerefunded 6/1/19)

AAA/P

500,000

618,525

(Kean U.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 9/1/36

A2

1,635,000

1,832,001

(Montclair State U.), Ser. J, 5 1/4s, 7/1/38

A1

500,000

540,480

(Georgian Court U.), Ser. D, 5 1/4s, 7/1/27

Baa2

1,000,000

1,062,230

(Ramapo College of NJ), Ser. B, 5s, 7/1/37

A2

820,000

892,742

(Rider U.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/37

BBB+

500,000

524,800

(Rider U.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/32

BBB+

1,200,000

1,270,776

(NJ City U.), Ser. E, AGO, 5s, 7/1/28

A2

1,000,000

1,083,180

(William Paterson U.), Ser. C, AGO, 5s, 7/1/28

A1

2,000,000

2,185,100

(Georgian Court U.), Ser. D, 5s, 7/1/27

Baa2

1,000,000

1,056,340

(College of NJ), Ser. D, AGM, 5s, 7/1/26

AA

1,000,000

1,095,380

(Princeton U.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/26

Aaa

1,000,000

1,216,390

(College of NJ), Ser. D, AGM, 5s, 7/1/25

AA

1,500,000

1,645,905

(Kean U.), Ser. A, 5s, 9/1/24

A2

1,500,000

1,678,950

NJ State Higher Ed. Assistance Auth. Rev. Bonds (Student Loan)

Ser. A, 5 5/8s, 6/1/30

AA

1,750,000

1,910,685

Ser. 2, 5s, 12/1/26

Aa3

750,000

808,118

Ser. 1A, 5s, 12/1/22

Aa2

2,500,000

2,808,375

Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/18

AA

2,000,000

2,185,140

NJ State Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Gen. Hosp. Ctr.-Passaic, Inc.), AGM, U.S. Govt. Coll., 6 3/4s, 7/1/19 (Escrowed to maturity)

AA

5,000,000

5,620,400

(St. Joseph Hlth. Care Syst.), 6 5/8s, 7/1/38

Baa3

1,000,000

1,115,150

(AHS Hosp. Corp.), 6s, 7/1/41

A1

2,500,000

2,961,050

(Chilton Memorial Hosp.), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 3/4s, 7/1/39 (Prerefunded 7/1/19)

AAA/P

2,000,000

2,345,380

(St. Peter’s U. Hosp.), 5 3/4s, 7/1/37

Ba1

1,500,000

1,562,460

(Barnabas Hlth.), Ser. A, 5 5/8s, 7/1/32

A3

2,000,000

2,294,440

(Children’s Specialized Hosp.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 7/1/36

BBB+/F

600,000

602,490

(Children’s Specialized Hosp.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 7/1/30

BBB+/F

900,000

903,735

(Hackensack U. Med. Ctr.), AGO, 5 1/4s, 1/1/31

AA

1,000,000

1,078,880

(Hackensack U. Med. Ctr.), 5 1/8s, 1/1/21

A3

1,425,000

1,548,690

(South Jersey Hosp., Inc.), 5s, 7/1/46

A2

2,980,000

3,044,904

(South Jersey Hosp., Inc.), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 7/1/46 (Prerefunded 7/1/16)

AAA/P

75,000

78,773

(Hunterdon Med. Ctr.), 5s, 7/1/45

A–

1,000,000

1,081,000

(Barnabas Hlth. Oblig. Group), 5s, 7/1/44

A3

1,000,000

1,077,040





New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.4%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

New Jersey cont.

NJ State Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Robert Wood Johnson U. Hosp.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/39

A2

$1,000,000

$1,096,200

(Holy Name Hosp.), 5s, 7/1/36

Baa2

1,500,000

1,537,185

(Hunterdon Med. Ctr.), Ser. B, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 7/1/36 (Prerefunded 7/1/16)

A–

1,710,000

1,796,030

(Hackensack U. Med. Ctr.), 5s, 1/1/34

A3

750,000

807,375

(St. Lukes Warren Hosp.), 5s, 8/15/31

A3

1,000,000

1,094,130

(Hosp. Asset Transformation), Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/28

A3

1,000,000

1,096,430

(AHS Hosp. Corp.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/27

A1

500,000

547,690

(South Jersey Hosp.), 5s, 7/1/26

A2

1,500,000

1,564,485

(Holy Name Med. Ctr.), 5s, 7/1/25

Baa2

1,000,000

1,084,700

(Atlanticare Regl. Med. Ctr.), 5s, 7/1/24

A1

1,555,000

1,676,554

(Children’s Specialized Hosp.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/24

BBB+/F

400,000

401,504

(Atlanticare Regl. Med. Ctr.), 5s, 7/1/23

A1

1,500,000

1,618,545

NJ State Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth. VRDN

(Compensation Program), Ser. A-4, 0.1s, 7/1/27

VMIG1

1,265,000

1,265,000

(Virtua Hlth.), Ser. C, 0.08s, 7/1/43

A-1

2,665,000

2,665,000

NJ State Hsg. & Mtge. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds

Ser. AA, 6 3/8s, 10/1/28

AA

285,000

294,012

Ser. A, 4.2s, 11/1/32

AA–

1,000,000

1,014,860

NJ State Tpk. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. C, NATL, 6 1/2s, 1/1/16 (Escrowed to maturity)

AA–

190,000

196,829

Ser. E, 5 1/4s, 1/1/40

A+

2,000,000

2,187,800

Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/33

A+

1,000,000

1,124,870

Ser. F, 5s, 1/1/26

A+

565,000

653,084

Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/24

A+

1,000,000

1,173,980

NJ State Trans. Trust Fund Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. A, 5 7/8s, 12/15/38

A3

1,350,000

1,497,353

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. B, 5 1/4s, 6/15/36

A3

1,000,000

1,023,840

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. D, 5 1/4s, 12/15/23

A3

2,000,000

2,182,220

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. A, AGM, AMBAC, 5s, 12/15/32

AA

2,500,000

2,617,950

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. A, AMBAC, 5s, 12/15/27

A3

2,475,000

2,609,096

(Trans. Program), Ser. AA, 5s, 6/15/20

A3

1,000,000

1,086,930

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. A, zero %, 12/15/33

A3

5,000,000

1,882,750

(Trans. Syst.), Ser. C, AMBAC, zero %, 12/15/24

A3

2,400,000

1,622,352

North Bergen Twp., Muni. Util. Auth. Swr. Rev. Bonds, NATL

zero %, 12/15/27

Aa3

1,005,000

623,150

zero %, 12/15/26

Aa3

1,000,000

652,230

North Hudson, Swr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/42

A–

2,000,000

2,161,500

Northern Burlington Cnty., Regl. School Dist. G.O. Bonds, FGIC, NATL, 5 1/4s, 4/1/17

Aa3

1,130,000

1,222,129





24     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.4%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

New Jersey cont.

Ocean City, Util. Auth. Waste Wtr. Rev. Bonds, NATL, 5 1/4s, 1/1/22

Aaa

$2,000,000

$2,398,720

Rutgers State U. Rev. Bonds, Ser. F, 5s, 5/1/30

Aa3

1,000,000

1,119,910

Rutgers State U. VRDN, Ser. A, 0.06s, 5/1/18

VMIG1

1,665,000

1,665,000

Salem Cnty., Poll Control Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Chambers Cogeneration LP), Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/23

BBB

350,000

394,205

Sussex Cnty., Muni. Util. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Waste Wtr. Facs.), Ser. B, AGM, zero %, 12/1/30

AA+

1,500,000

876,210

Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. 1A, 5s, 6/1/41

B2

2,000,000

1,524,120

Ser. 1A, 4 3/4s, 6/1/34

B2

1,500,000

1,141,875

zero %, 6/1/41

A–

5,000,000

1,248,250

Union Cnty., Util. Auth. Resource Recvy. Fac. Lease Rev. Bonds (Covanta Union), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 12/1/31

AA+

1,500,000

1,609,860

Woodbridge Twp., Board of Ed. G.O. Bonds, 4 1/2s, 7/15/26

Aa3

1,000,000

1,131,020

168,700,914

New York (5.6%)

NY City, G.O. Bonds, Ser. C, 5s, 8/1/24

Aa2

2,445,000

2,791,016

NY City, Muni. Wtr. & Swr. Syst. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. AA, 5s, 6/15/34

AA+

750,000

848,115

Port Auth. NY & NJ Special Oblig. Rev. Bonds (JFK Intl. Air Term.), 6s, 12/1/42

Baa3

1,000,000

1,171,920

Port Auth. of NY & NJ Rev. Bonds

(Kennedy Intl. Arpt. — 5th Installment), 6 3/4s, 10/1/19

BB+/P

380,000

380,076

Ser. 93rd, 6 1/8s, 6/1/94

Aa3

5,000,000

5,979,700

11,170,827

Pennsylvania (1.8%)

Beaver Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Mandatory Put Bonds (6/1/20) (FirstEnergy Nuclear Generation, LLC), Ser. B, 3 1/2s, 12/1/35

Baa3

700,000

723,681

Delaware River Port Auth. PA & NJ Rev. Bonds

5s, 1/1/28

A

1,500,000

1,722,930

(Port Dist.), 5s, 1/1/18

BBB

1,000,000

1,098,040

3,544,651

Puerto Rico (1.4%)

Cmnwlth. of PR, G.O. Bonds (Pub. Impt.), Ser. A, NATL, 5 1/2s, 7/1/20

AA–

1,000,000

1,059,960

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 8/1/37

CCC+

225,000

139,507

Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

1,215,000

750,299

Ser. C, 5 3/8s, 8/1/36

CCC+

365,000

229,048

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/41

CCC+

565,000

344,661

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/40

CCC+

450,000

319,505

2,842,980

Texas (0.6%)

Harris Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. VRDN (The Methodist Hosp.), Ser. C-1, 0.1s, 12/1/24

A-1+

1,200,000

1,200,000

1,200,000





New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (98.4%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Virgin Islands (0.8%)

VI Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 6s, 10/1/39

Baa3

$450,000

$501,773

Ser. A-1, 5s, 10/1/39

Baa2

525,000

555,807

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/25

Baa2

450,000

500,309

1,557,889



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $181,449,684)

$196,740,333



Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $199,864,558.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

144A after the name of an issuer represents securities exempt from registration under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers.

On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates.

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Health care

18.7%

Education

12.2

State debt

11.8

Local debt

11.5

The fund had the following insurance concentration greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

AGM

12.8%





26     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund









ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$196,740,333 

$— 

Totals by level

$— 

$196,740,333 

$— 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $181,449,684)

$196,740,333 

Cash

1,245,685 

Interest and other receivables

3,270,716 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

58,079 

Prepaid assets

1,463 

Total assets

201,316,276 

LIABILITIES

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

975,353 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

72,875 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,584 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

23,156 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

86,296 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

763 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

81,731 

Distributions payable to shareholders

130,351 

Other accrued expenses

78,609 

Total liabilities

1,451,718 

Net assets

$199,864,558 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$191,274,985 

Undistributed net investment income (Note 1)

454,981 

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)

(7,156,057)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

15,290,649 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$199,864,558 

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($153,294,161 divided by 16,429,361 shares)

$9.33 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.33)*

$9.72 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($4,522,281 divided by 485,300 shares)**

$9.32 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($21,942,957 divided by 2,349,166 shares)**

$9.34 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($2,237,621 divided by 239,786 shares)

$9.33 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.33)†

$9.64 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($17,867,538 divided by 1,911,393 shares)

$9.35 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




28     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$8,883,935 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

$898,600 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

118,006 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

7,908 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

7,647 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

647,124 

Administrative services (Note 2)

5,439 

Other

118,952 

Total expenses

1,803,676 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(189)

Net expenses

1,803,487 

Net investment income

7,080,448 

Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

(817,727)

Net unrealized depreciation of investments during the year

(1,260,959)

Net loss on investments

(2,078,686)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$5,001,762 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     29









Statement of changes in net assets

DECREASE IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$7,080,448 

$8,030,149 

Net realized loss on investments

(817,727)

(6,366,634)

Net unrealized depreciation of investments

(1,260,959)

(3,996,125)

Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations

5,001,762 

(2,332,610)

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Taxable net investment income

Class A

(66,350)

(8,852)

Class B

(1,967)

(278)

Class C

(9,261)

(1,217)

Class M

(928)

(128)

Class Y

(7,283)

(867)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(5,546,247)

(6,315,289)

Class B

(135,358)

(160,550)

Class C

(599,939)

(719,978)

Class M

(71,892)

(87,581)

Class Y

(640,854)

(645,319)

From net realized long-term gain on investments

Class A

(62,539)

Class B

(1,976)

Class C

(8,576)

Class M

(920)

Class Y

(6,108)

Decrease from capital share transactions (Note 4)

(15,219,742)

(63,991,497)

Total decrease in net assets

(17,298,059)

(74,344,285)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

217,162,617 

291,506,902 

End of year (including undistributed net investment income of $454,981 and $517,154, respectively)

$199,864,558 

$217,162,617 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




30     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund








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New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     31








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income (loss)

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

From
net realized gain on investments

Total
distributions

Redemption
fees

Non-recurring reimbursements

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of
net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.43    

.33    

(.10)   

.23    

(.33)  

—    

(.33)  

—    

—    

$9.33    

2.41    

$153,294    

.78    

3.45    

10    

May 31, 2014

9.71    

.33    

(.29)   

.04    

(.32)  

c   

(.32)  

—    

—    

9.43    

.62    

169,209    

.79    

3.54    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.79    

.33    

(.08)   

.25    

(.33)  

—    

(.33)  

—    

—    

9.71    

2.52    

222,753    

.78    

3.34    

11    

May 31, 2012

9.12    

.37    

.67    

1.04    

(.37)  

—    

(.37)  

—    

c,e

9.79    

11.57    

210,124    

.79    

3.90    

7    

May 31, 2011

9.36    

.38    

(.24)   

.14    

(.38)  

—    

(.38)  

c   

c,d

9.12    

1.53    

188,287    

.78    

4.14    

9    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.42    

.27    

(.10)   

.17    

(.27)  

—    

(.27)  

—    

—    

$9.32    

1.78    

$4,522    

1.40    

2.83    

10    

May 31, 2014

9.70    

.27    

(.28)   

(.01)   

(.27)  

c   

(.27)  

—    

—    

9.42    

f   

5,167    

1.41    

2.93    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.78    

.27    

(.08)   

.19    

(.27)  

—    

(.27)  

—    

—    

9.70    

1.89    

6,469    

1.40    

2.72    

11    

May 31, 2012

9.11    

.31    

.67    

.98    

(.31)  

—    

(.31)  

—    

c,e

9.78    

10.90    

6,605    

1.41    

3.28    

7    

May 31, 2011

9.35    

.33    

(.25)   

.08    

(.32)  

—    

(.32)  

c   

c,d

9.11    

.91    

7,252    

1.40    

3.49    

9    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.44    

.25    

(.10)   

.15    

(.25)  

—    

(.25)  

—    

—    

$9.34    

1.62    

$21,943    

1.55    

2.68    

10    

May 31, 2014

9.72    

.26    

(.29)   

(.03)   

(.25)  

c   

(.25)  

—    

—    

9.44    

(.16)   

23,620    

1.56    

2.77    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.80    

.25    

(.08)   

.17    

(.25)  

—    

(.25)  

—    

—    

9.72    

1.73    

37,732    

1.55    

2.56    

11    

May 31, 2012

9.12    

.30    

.67    

.97    

(.29)  

—    

(.29)  

—    

c,e

9.80    

10.83    

31,694    

1.56    

3.11    

7    

May 31, 2011

9.37    

.31    

(.25)   

.06    

(.31)  

—    

(.31)  

c   

c,d

9.12    

.64    

21,286    

1.55    

3.36    

9    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.43    

.30    

(.10)   

.20    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

—    

—    

$9.33    

2.13    

$2,238    

1.05    

3.18    

10    

May 31, 2014

9.72    

.31    

(.30)   

.01    

(.30)  

c   

(.30)  

—    

—    

9.43    

.24    

2,340    

1.06    

3.27    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.79    

.30    

(.07)   

.23    

(.30)  

—    

(.30)  

—    

—    

9.72    

2.35    

3,439    

1.05    

3.07    

11    

May 31, 2012

9.12    

.34    

.67    

1.01    

(.34)  

—    

(.34)  

—    

c,e

9.79    

11.26    

3,552    

1.06    

3.63    

7    

May 31, 2011

9.36    

.36    

(.25)   

.11    

(.35)  

—    

(.35)  

c   

c,d

9.12    

1.26    

3,083    

1.05    

3.85    

9    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.44    

.35    

(.09)   

.26    

(.35)  

—    

(.35)  

—    

—    

$9.35    

2.74    

$17,868    

.55    

3.68    

10    

May 31, 2014

9.73    

.35    

(.30)   

.05    

(.34)  

c   

(.34)  

—    

—    

9.44    

.74    

16,826    

.56    

3.78    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.81    

.35    

(.08)   

.27    

(.35)  

—    

(.35)  

—    

—    

9.73    

2.76    

21,115    

.55    

3.56    

11    

May 31, 2012

9.13    

.39    

.68    

1.07    

(.39)  

—    

(.39)  

—    

c,e

9.81    

11.92    

16,842    

.56    

4.11    

7    

May 31, 2011

9.38    

.40    

(.25)   

.15    

(.40)  

—    

(.40)  

c   

c,d

9.13    

1.65    

11,453    

.55    

4.38    

9    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset and/or brokerage service arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 18, 2011.

eReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

fAmount represents less than 0.01%.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


32

New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund

New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund

33








Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a non-diversified, open-end management investment company. The fund is currently operating as a diversified fund. In the future, the fund may operate as a non–diversified fund to the extent permitted by applicable law. Under current law, shareholder approval would be required before the fund could operate as a non-diversified fund. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and New Jersey personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and New Jersey personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations




34     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund








from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.

Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred for an unlimited period and the carry forwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. At May 31, 2015, the fund had the following capital loss carryovers available, to the extent allowed by the Code, to offset future net capital gain, if any:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

$1,819,715

$5,136,452

$6,956,167





New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     35








Pursuant to federal income tax regulations applicable to regulated investment companies, the fund has elected to defer certain capital losses of $219,756 recognized during the period between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 to its fiscal year ending May 31, 2016.

Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from late year loss deferrals and dividends payable. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $62,542 to decrease undistributed net investment income and $62,542 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$16,354,074

Unrealized depreciation

(974,984)

Net unrealized appreciation

15,379,090

Undistributed ordinary income

19,497

Undistributed tax-exempt income

565,835

Capital loss carryforward

(6,956,167)

Post-October capital loss deferral

(219,756)

Cost for federal income tax purposes

$181,361,243


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts;




36     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund








and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$91,180

Class B

2,711

Class C

12,830

Class M

1,291

Class Y

9,994

Total

$118,006


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $189 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $119, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$366,958

Class B

41,139

Class C

227,574

Class M

11,453

Total

$647,124


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $14,313 and $277 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $210 and $67 in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received no monies on class A redemptions.




New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     37








Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities (Long-term)

$19,803,648

$35,218,894

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$19,803,648

$35,218,894


Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

764,352 

$7,209,347 

754,644 

$6,983,043 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

503,784 

4,758,647 

583,329 

5,367,898 

1,268,136 

11,967,994 

1,337,973 

12,350,941 

Shares repurchased

(2,787,282)

(26,300,625)

(6,319,044)

(58,118,636)

Net decrease

(1,519,146)

$(14,332,631)

(4,981,071)

$(45,767,695)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

17,947 

$168,004 

24,322 

$225,901 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

13,378 

126,188 

15,817 

145,341 

31,325 

294,192 

40,139 

371,242 

Shares repurchased

(94,798)

(894,781)

(158,044)

(1,445,359)

Net decrease

(63,473)

$(600,589)

(117,905)

$(1,074,117)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

138,432 

$1,309,345 

358,519 

$3,318,311 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

56,624 

535,447 

69,431 

639,572 

195,056 

1,844,792 

427,950 

3,957,883 

Shares repurchased

(348,717)

(3,284,915)

(1,805,308)

(16,576,210)

Net decrease

(153,661)

$(1,440,123)

(1,377,358)

$(12,618,327)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

12,672 

$120,320 

2,720 

$24,518 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

6,983 

65,974 

8,781 

80,779 

19,655 

186,294 

11,501 

105,297 

Shares repurchased

(28,081)

(265,865)

(117,216)

(1,074,227)

Net decrease

(8,426)

$(79,571)

(105,715)

$(968,930)





38     New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund









Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

414,056 

$3,921,501 

455,544 

$4,218,001 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

26,658 

252,309 

28,071 

258,630 

440,714 

4,173,810 

483,615 

4,476,631 

Shares repurchased

(310,945)

(2,940,638)

(871,958)

(8,039,059)

Net increase (decrease)

129,769 

$1,233,172 

(388,343)

$(3,562,428)


Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund focuses a majority of its investments in the state of New Jersey and may be affected by economic and political developments in that state.




New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund     39















Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Trustees and Shareholders of
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”) at May 31, 2015, and the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of investments owned at May 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
July 15, 2015




20     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund








 The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations


AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

COP Certificates of Participation

FNMA Coll. Federal National Mortgage Association Collateralized

FRB Floating Rate Bonds: the rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

GNMA Coll. Government National Mortgage Association Collateralized

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

SGI Syncora Guarantee, Inc.

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.8%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Guam (0.9%)

Territory of GU, Govt. Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds (Section 30), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 12/1/34

BBB+

$500,000

$563,685

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

350,000

388,007

Territory of GU, Pwr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 10/1/40

BBB

250,000

276,953

1,228,645

Ohio (95.2%)

Akron, G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 12/1/25 (Prerefunded 12/1/17)

AA

1,005,000

1,105,621

Allen Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Catholic Hlth. Care), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 6/1/38

AA–

1,000,000

1,119,390

American Muni. Pwr., Inc. Rev. Bonds

(Prairie State Energy Campus), Ser. A, AGO, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 3/4s, 2/15/39 (Prerefunded 2/15/19)

AA

1,500,000

1,740,330

Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 2/15/33

A1

250,000

280,835

5s, 2/15/39

A1

1,000,000

1,110,830

(Prairie State Energy Campus), 5s, 2/15/38

A1

90,000

96,080

(Prairie State Energy Campus), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 2/15/38 (Prerefunded 2/15/18)

AAA/P

1,410,000

1,557,458

Barberton, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Impt.), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 1/4s, 12/1/28 (Prerefunded 6/1/18)

AA

1,390,000

1,558,593

Brookfield, Local School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Fac. Impt.), AGM, 5s, 1/15/26

Aa2

1,000,000

1,091,620

Buckeye, Tobacco Settlement Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A-2

5 3/4s, 6/1/34

B3

2,000,000

1,595,560

5 3/8s, 6/1/24

B3

690,000

588,853

Cincinnati, G.O. Bonds, Ser. D, 4s, 12/1/32

Aa2

500,000

522,055

Cincinnati, City School Dist. COP, AGM

5s, 12/15/28 (Prerefunded 12/15/16)

AA

1,840,000

1,965,433

5s, 12/15/28 (Prerefunded 12/15/16)

AA

660,000

704,992

Cleveland, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, AGO, 5s, 12/1/29

AA

2,000,000

2,135,820





Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.8%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Ohio cont.

Cleveland, Arpt. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, AGM, 5s, 1/1/23

AA

$1,500,000

$1,589,295

Cleveland, Income Tax Rev. Bonds (Bridges & Roadways), Ser. B, AGO, 5s, 10/1/29

AA

1,000,000

1,085,510

Cleveland, Pkg. Fac. Rev. Bonds, AGM

5 1/4s, 9/15/22

AA

1,630,000

1,884,427

5 1/4s, 9/15/22 (Escrowed to maturity)

AA

770,000

940,555

Cleveland, Pub. Pwr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B-1, NATL, zero %, 11/15/25

AA–

3,000,000

2,053,620

Cleveland, State U. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 6/1/37

A1

1,500,000

1,652,580

Cleveland, Urban Renewal Increment Rev. Bonds (Rock & Roll Hall of Fame), 6 3/4s, 3/15/18

B/P

555,000

557,337

Cleveland, Wtr. Rev. Bonds (2nd Lien)

Ser. X, 5s, 1/1/42

Aa1

1,000,000

1,109,110

Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/26

Aa2

500,000

578,330

Cleveland-Cuyahoga Cnty., Rev. Bonds
(Euclid Ave. Dev., Corp.), 5s, 8/1/39

A2

1,000,000

1,083,200

Columbus, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 2/15/25

Aaa

1,500,000

1,787,010

5s, 8/15/24

Aaa

1,000,000

1,217,380

Columbus, Swr. VRDN, Ser. B, 0.07s, 6/1/32

VMIG1

1,430,000

1,430,000

Cuyahoga Cmnty., College Dist. Rev. Bonds

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 2/1/29

Aa2

995,000

1,138,678

Ser. D, 5s, 8/1/32

Aa2

750,000

841,875

Ser. C, 5s, 8/1/25

Aa2

1,500,000

1,713,645

Cuyahoga Cnty., COP (Convention Hotel), 5s, 12/1/27

Aa3

1,250,000

1,430,950

Dayton, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 11/1/23

Aa2

750,000

890,798

Elyria, OH City School Dist. G.O. Bonds (Classroom Fac. & School Impt.)

SGI, 5s, 12/1/35 (Prerefunded 6/1/17)

A1

110,000

119,260

U.S. Govt. Coll., SGI, 5s, 12/1/35 (Prerefunded 6/1/17)

A1

390,000

422,830

Erie Cnty., OH Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Firelands Regl. Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 8/15/46

A3

590,000

595,829

Franklin Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds

(Presbyterian Svcs.), Ser. A, 5 5/8s, 7/1/26

BBB–

1,100,000

1,206,238

5s, 11/15/44

A–/F

1,000,000

1,073,960

Gallia Cnty., Local School Impt. Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 11/1/27

Aa2

815,000

960,200

Greene Cnty., Hosp. Facs. Rev. Bonds
(Kettering Hlth. Network), 5 1/2s, 4/1/39

A

1,000,000

1,108,440

Hamilton Cnty., Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds
(King Highland Cmnty. Urban), Ser. A, NATL,
U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 6/1/22

AA–

1,745,000

1,814,783

Hamilton Cnty., Hlth. Care Rev. Bonds
(Life Enriching Cmntys.), 6 5/8s, 1/1/46

BBB

590,000

674,960





22     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.8%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Ohio cont.

Hamilton Cnty., Sales Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, AMBAC

zero %, 12/1/24

A2

$3,000,000

$2,200,710

zero %, 12/1/22

A2

500,000

401,470

Hamilton Cnty., Swr. Syst. Rev. Rev. Bonds

(Metro. Swr. Dist.), Ser. A, NATL, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 12/1/28 (Prerefunded 12/1/16)

AA+

1,500,000

1,599,675

Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/22

AA+

750,000

898,950

Hamilton, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Impt.), AGM, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 12/1/26 (Prerefunded 6/1/17)

AA

1,000,000

1,084,180

Huran Cnty., Human Svcs. G.O. Bonds, NATL, 6.55s, 12/1/20

Aa3

1,540,000

1,751,042

JobsOhio Beverage Syst. Rev. Bonds
(Statewide Sr. Lien Liquor Profits), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/38

AA

700,000

771,302

Lake Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Lake Hosp. Syst.), Ser. C, 6s, 8/15/43

A3

1,115,000

1,245,187

Lakewood, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds

NATL, zero %, 12/1/17

Aa2

1,190,000

1,148,445

AGM, zero %, 12/1/16

Aa2

1,250,000

1,230,400

Lancaster, City Fac. Construction & Impt. School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 10/1/37

AA

1,000,000

1,099,560

Lorain Cnty., Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Catholic), Ser. H, AGO, 5s, 2/1/29

AA

2,000,000

2,170,720

Lorain Cnty., Port Auth. Econ. Dev. Facs. Rev. Bonds (Kendal at Oberlin), 5s, 11/15/30

A–

750,000

811,133

Lorain Cnty., Port Auth. Recovery Zone Fac. Rev. Bonds (U.S. Steel Corp.), 6 3/4s, 12/1/40

BB–

500,000

557,310

Lucas Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds

(Lutheran Homes), Ser. A, 7s, 11/1/45

BB+

700,000

768,397

(Sunset Retirement Cmntys.), 5 1/2s, 8/15/30

A–/F

650,000

719,947

Miami Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Upper Valley Med. Ctr.), 5 1/4s, 5/15/17

A2

1,250,000

1,302,650

Milford, Exempt Village School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/19

Aa2

200,000

229,002

Montgomery Cnty., Rev. Bonds (Catholic Hlth. Initiatives), Ser. D, 6 1/4s, 10/1/33

A2

1,000,000

1,138,910

Montgomery Cnty., VRDN (Miami Valley Hosp.), Ser. C, 0.07s, 11/15/39

VMIG1

1,100,000

1,100,000

Mount Healthy, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds (School Impt.), AGM, 5 1/4s, 12/1/22 (Prerefunded 6/1/18)

A1

1,105,000

1,239,025

Mount Healthy, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/21

Aa2

500,000

584,955

Napoleon, City Fac. Construction & Impt. School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/36

Aa3

500,000

541,015

New Albany, Plain Local School Dist. G.O. Bonds (School Impt.), 4s, 12/1/29

Aa1

1,410,000

1,486,563





Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.8%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Ohio cont.

OH Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds
(Single Fam. Mtge.), Ser. 1, GNMA Coll., FNMA Coll., 5s, 11/1/28

Aaa

$580,000

$613,744

OH State G.O. Bonds

(Hwy. Cap. Impts.), Ser. Q, 5s, 5/1/27

AAA

1,500,000

1,740,750

Ser. R, 5s, 5/1/24

AAA

1,000,000

1,218,210

(Infrastructure Impt.), Ser. B, 5s, 8/1/23

Aa1

1,250,000

1,516,363

OH State Rev. Bonds

(Regl. Swr. Dist.), 5s, 11/15/49

Aa1

1,250,000

1,396,538

(Northeast OH Regl. Swr. Dist.), 5s, 11/15/44

Aa1

250,000

281,448

Ser. A, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 10/1/22 (Prerefunded 4/1/18)

AA–

3,090,000

3,432,805

(Revitalization), Ser. A, AMBAC, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 4/1/19 (Prerefunded 4/1/16)

AA–

1,750,000

1,818,390

OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth. FRB
(Columbus Southern Pwr. Co.), Ser. B, 5.8s, 12/1/38

Baa1

1,000,000

1,114,680

OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Buckeye Pwr. Recvy. Zone Fac.), 6s, 12/1/40

A2

1,000,000

1,157,500

OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth., Poll. Control Mandatory Put Bonds (5/1/20) (FirstEnergy Nuclear), Ser. C, 3.95s, 11/1/32

Baa3

300,000

311,943

OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Rev. Bonds

(Case Western Reserve U.), 6 1/4s, 10/1/18

AA–

1,000,000

1,158,900

(U. of Dayton), Ser. A, 5 5/8s, 12/1/41

A2

1,200,000

1,364,976

(U. of Dayton), 5 1/2s, 12/1/36

A2

1,000,000

1,118,280

OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Comm. Rev. Bonds

(Summa Hlth. Syst. — 2010), 5 3/4s, 11/15/40

Baa1

1,000,000

1,101,430

(Kenyon College), 5s, 7/1/44

A1

2,000,000

2,148,040

(Xavier U.), 5s, 5/1/40

A3

750,000

811,590

(Oberlin Coll.), 5s, 10/1/31

Aa2

650,000

738,472

(Cleveland Clinic Hlth.), 5s, 1/1/31

Aa2

1,500,000

1,682,595

(Cleveland Clinic Hlth.), 5s, 1/1/25

Aa2

1,145,000

1,328,154

(U. of Dayton), Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/24

A2

285,000

340,102

OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Comm. VRDN (Cleveland Clinic Foundation), Ser. B-4, 0.08s, 1/1/43

VMIG1

1,400,000

1,400,000

OH State Poll. Control Rev. Bonds
(Standard Oil Co.), 6 3/4s, 12/1/15

A2

1,700,000

1,730,634

OH State Private Activity Rev. Bonds
(Portsmouth Bypass Gateway Group, LLC),
AGM, 5s, 12/31/39

AA

750,000

807,795

OH State Tpk. Comm. Rev. Bonds

(Infrastructure), Ser. A-1, 5 1/4s, 2/15/32

A1

350,000

399,889

5s, 2/15/48

A1

1,250,000

1,372,888

OH State U. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/39

Aa1

1,000,000

1,135,850

(Gen. Receipts Special Purpose), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/38

Aa2

1,000,000

1,114,140





24     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.8%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Ohio cont.

OH State Wtr. Dev. Auth. Poll. Control Mandatory Put Bonds (6/3/19) (FirstEnergy Nuclear Generation, LLC), 4s, 12/1/33

Baa3

$750,000

$791,985

OH U. Gen. Recipients Athens Rev. Bonds

5s, 12/1/43

Aa3

1,035,000

1,137,993

5s, 12/1/42

Aa3

500,000

547,150

Penta Career Ctr. COP, 5s, 4/1/20

Aa3

1,500,000

1,695,000

Princeton, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/36

AA

500,000

564,885

Rickenbacker, Port Auth. Rev. Bonds
(OASBO Expanded Asset Pooled), Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 1/1/32

A2

1,830,000

1,865,209

River Valley, Local School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Fac. Construction & Impt.), AGM, 5 1/4s, 11/1/23

Aa2

300,000

361,974

Scioto Cnty., Hosp. Rev. Bonds
(Southern Med. Ctr.), 5 1/2s, 2/15/28

A2

1,250,000

1,371,663

South Western City, School Dist. G.O. Bonds (Franklin & Pickway Cnty.), AGM, 4 3/4s, 12/1/23

Aa2

2,000,000

2,123,920

Steubenville Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Trinity Hlth. Syst.), 5s, 10/1/30

A3

500,000

544,085

Sylvania, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds
(School Impt.), AGO, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 12/1/27 (Prerefunded 6/1/17)

AA

1,500,000

1,627,845

Toledo, City School Facs Impt. Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/26

Aa2

1,000,000

1,162,830

Toledo-Lucas Cnty., Port Auth. Rev. Bonds
(CSX Transn, Inc.), 6.45s, 12/15/21

Baa1

1,900,000

2,355,753

U. of Akron Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

5s, 1/1/31

A1

500,000

563,610

5s, 1/1/28

A1

1,000,000

1,137,280

U. of Cincinnati Rev. Bonds

Ser. F, 5s, 6/1/34

Aa3

1,500,000

1,668,585

Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/31

Aa3

500,000

563,005

Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/30

Aa3

1,000,000

1,130,050

Warren Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Otterbein Homes Oblig. Group)

Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 7/1/33

A

500,000

572,870

5s, 7/1/39

A

1,000,000

1,081,000

Westerville, G.O. Bonds

AMBAC, 5s, 12/1/26

Aaa

105,000

115,076

AMBAC, U.S. Govt Coll., 5s, 12/1/26 (Prerefunded 12/1/17)

Aaa

1,215,000

1,338,237

Westlake, Rev. Bonds (American Greetings-Crocker Park Pub. Impt.), 5s, 12/1/33

Aa1

1,000,000

1,131,500

Youngstown State U. Rev. Bonds

AGO, 5 1/4s, 12/15/29

AA

500,000

562,870

5s, 12/15/25

A+

500,000

563,925





Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.8%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Ohio cont.

Zanesville, Hsg. Dev. Corp. Mtge. Rev. Bonds, U.S. Govt. Coll.

7 3/8s, 10/1/21 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

$220,000

$232,819

7 3/8s, 10/1/20 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

205,000

216,945

7 3/8s, 10/1/19 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

185,000

195,780

7 3/8s, 10/1/18 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

180,000

190,489

7 3/8s, 10/1/17 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

160,000

169,323

7 3/8s, 10/1/16 (Escrowed to maturity)

AAA/P

155,000

164,032

136,318,612

Puerto Rico (0.9%)

Children’s Trust Fund Tobacco Settlement (The) Rev. Bonds, 5 3/8s, 5/15/33

BBB

360,000

363,298

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

435,000

268,626

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/41

CCC+

370,000

225,707

Ser. A, NATL, zero %, 8/1/43

AA–

3,000,000

483,210

1,340,841

Virgin Islands (0.8%)

VI Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 6s, 10/1/39

Baa3

300,000

334,508

Ser. A-1, 5s, 10/1/39

Baa2

375,000

397,005

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/25

Baa2

350,000

389,134


1,120,647



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $132,065,710)

$140,008,745



Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $143,101,808.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates.

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.





26     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund









The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Local debt

17.7%

Education

17.4

Health care

16.9

Prerefunded

16.4

The fund had the following insurance concentration greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

AGM

11.3%



ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$140,008,745 

$— 

Totals by level

$— 

$140,008,745 

$— 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $132,065,710)

$140,008,745 

Cash

1,420,012 

Interest and other receivables

2,185,789 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

9,219 

Receivable for investments sold

35,157 

Prepaid assets

1,813 

Total assets

143,660,735 

LIABILITIES

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

215,684 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

51,819 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,628 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

16,454 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

72,685 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

535 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

55,474 

Payable for auditing and tax fees

55,630 

Distributions payable to shareholders

70,420 

Other accrued expenses

17,598 

Total liabilities

558,927 

Net assets

$143,101,808 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$138,279,773 

Distributions in excess of net investment income (Note 1)

(42,256)

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)

(3,078,744)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

7,943,035 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$143,101,808 

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($117,935,270 divided by 12,998,995 shares)

$9.07 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.07)*

$9.45 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($1,791,247 divided by 197,673 shares)**

$9.06 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($10,797,701 divided by 1,190,080 shares)**

$9.07 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($546,281 divided by 60,194 shares)

$9.08 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.08)†

$9.39 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($12,031,309 divided by 1,324,908 shares)

$9.08 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




28     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$5,874,599 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

616,707 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

81,272 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

7,735 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

5,263 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

399,106 

Administrative services (Note 2)

3,747 

Other

104,340 

Total expenses

1,218,170 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(238)

Net expenses

1,217,932 

Net investment income

4,656,667 

Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

(600,664)

Net unrealized depreciation of investments during the year

(128,114)

Net loss on investments

(728,778)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$3,927,889 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     29









Statement of changes in net assets

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$4,656,667 

$4,845,555 

Net realized loss on investments

(600,664)

(1,322,088)

Net unrealized depreciation of investments

(128,114)

(2,595,467)

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

3,927,889 

928,000 

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Taxable net investment income

Class A

(285)

(15,896)

Class B

(4)

(251)

Class C

(25)

(1,673)

Class M

(1)

(69)

Class Y

(13)

(914)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(3,946,316)

(4,190,412)

Class B

(47,332)

(53,591)

Class C

(270,839)

(313,308)

Class M

(15,339)

(15,670)

Class Y

(344,848)

(220,092)

Increase (decrease) from capital share transactions (Note 4)

1,958,749 

(17,249,047)

Total increase (decrease) in net assets

1,261,636 

(21,132,923)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

141,840,172 

162,973,095 

End of year (including distributions in excess of net investment income of $42,256 and $42,272, respectively)

$143,101,808 

$141,840,172 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




30     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund








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Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     31








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income (loss)

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

Total
distributions

Redemption
fees

Non-recurring reimbursements

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of
net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.12    

.30    

(.05)  

.25    

(.30)  

(.30)  

—    

—    

$9.07    

2.74    

$117,935    

.80    

3.28    

16    

May 31, 2014

9.31    

.31    

(.19)  

.12    

(.31)  

(.31)  

—    

—    

9.12    

1.40    

123,335    

.81    

3.48    

9    

May 31, 2013

9.35    

.32    

(.05)  

.27    

(.31)  

(.31)  

—    

—    

9.31    

2.96    

138,049    

.80    

3.36    

10    

May 31, 2012

8.84    

.34    

.51    

.85    

(.34)  

(.34)  

c   

c,d

9.35    

9.81    

135,448    

.80    

3.79    

12    

May 31, 2011

9.05    

.36    

(.21)  

.15    

(.36)  

(.36)  

—    

c,e

8.84    

1.74    

132,617    

.79    

4.14    

11    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.11    

.24    

(.05)  

.19    

(.24)  

(.24)  

—    

—    

$9.06    

2.11    

$1,791    

1.42    

2.66    

16    

May 31, 2014

9.30    

.25    

(.19)  

.06    

(.25)  

(.25)  

—    

—    

9.11    

.78    

1,807    

1.43    

2.86    

9    

May 31, 2013

9.33    

.26    

(.03)  

.23    

(.26)  

(.26)  

—    

—    

9.30    

2.43    

2,179    

1.42    

2.73    

10    

May 31, 2012

8.83    

.29    

.50    

.79    

(.29)  

(.29)  

c   

c,d

9.33    

9.01    

1,676    

1.43    

3.16    

12    

May 31, 2011

9.04    

.31    

(.21)  

.10    

(.31)  

(.31)  

—    

c,e

8.83    

1.10    

1,852    

1.42    

3.49    

11    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.12    

.23    

(.05)  

.18    

(.23)  

(.23)  

—    

—    

$9.07    

1.95    

$10,798    

1.57    

2.51    

16    

May 31, 2014

9.31    

.24    

(.19)  

.05    

(.24)  

(.24)  

—    

—    

9.12    

.62    

10,681    

1.58    

2.71    

9    

May 31, 2013

9.35    

.24    

(.04)  

.20    

(.24)  

(.24)  

—    

—    

9.31    

2.17    

14,421    

1.57    

2.59    

10    

May 31, 2012

8.84    

.27    

.51    

.78    

(.27)  

(.27)  

c   

c,d

9.35    

9.00    

11,574    

1.58    

3.00    

12    

May 31, 2011

9.05    

.30    

(.22)  

.08    

(.29)  

(.29)  

—    

c,e

8.84    

.97    

8,487    

1.57    

3.36    

11    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.12    

.27    

(.04)  

.23    

(.27)  

(.27)  

—    

—    

$9.08    

2.57    

$546    

1.07    

3.01    

16    

May 31, 2014

9.31    

.29    

(.20)  

.09    

(.28)  

(.28)  

—    

—    

9.12    

1.13    

498    

1.08    

3.21    

9    

May 31, 2013

9.35    

.29    

(.04)  

.25    

(.29)  

(.29)  

—    

—    

9.31    

2.68    

586    

1.07    

3.08    

10    

May 31, 2012

8.84    

.32    

.51    

.83    

(.32)  

(.32)  

c   

c,d

9.35    

9.50    

490    

1.08    

3.47    

12    

May 31, 2011

9.06    

.34    

(.22)  

.12    

(.34)  

(.34)  

—    

c,e

8.84    

1.35    

852    

1.07    

3.85    

11    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.12    

.32    

(.04)  

.28    

(.32)  

(.32)  

—    

—    

$9.08    

3.08    

$12,031    

.57    

3.52    

16    

May 31, 2014

9.32    

.33    

(.20)  

.13    

(.33)  

(.33)  

—    

—    

9.12    

1.52    

5,519    

.58    

3.71    

9    

May 31, 2013

9.35    

.34    

(.03)  

.31    

(.34)  

(.34)  

—    

—    

9.32    

3.30    

7,738    

.57    

3.59    

10    

May 31, 2012

8.84    

.36    

.51    

.87    

(.36)  

(.36)  

c   

c,d

9.35    

10.07    

6,650    

.58    

3.98    

12    

May 31, 2011

9.06    

.38    

(.22)  

.16    

(.38)  

(.38)  

—    

c,e

8.84    

1.87    

3,650    

.57    

4.38    

11    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

eReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 11, 2011.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


32

Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund

Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund

33








Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified open-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Ohio personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Ohio personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.




34     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund








Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

At May 31, 2015, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $2,957,608 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. The amounts of the carryovers and the expiration dates are:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

Expiration

$609,393

$1,623,623

$2,233,016

*

413,222

N/A

413,222

May 31, 2017

97,718

N/A

97,718

May 31, 2018

213,652

N/A

213,652

May 31, 2019


*Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an unlimited period. However, any




Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     35








losses incurred will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred in pre-enactment tax years. As a result of this ordering rule, pre-enactment capital loss carryforwards may be more likely to expire unused. Additionally, post-enactment capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law.

Pursuant to federal income tax regulations applicable to regulated investment companies, the fund has elected to defer $55,393 of certain losses recognized during the period between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 to its fiscal year ending May 31, 2016.

Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from straddle loss deferrals. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $31,649 to increase distributions in excess of net investment income and $31,649 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$8,755,572

Unrealized depreciation

(780,888)

Net unrealized appreciation

7,974,684

Undistributed ordinary income

172

Undistributed tax-exempt income

27,992

Capital loss carryforward

(2,957,608)

Post-October capital loss deferral

(55,393)

Cost for federal income tax purposes

$132,034,061


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.




36     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund








Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$68,060

Class B

1,009

Class C

6,149

Class M

293

Class Y

5,761

Total

$81,272


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $238 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $85, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$272,386

Class B

15,226

Class C

108,923

Class M

2,571

Total

$399,106


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $11,135 and $117 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $1,130 and $20 in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received $14,120 on class A redemptions.




Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     37








Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities (Long-term)

$21,795,363

$21,936,496

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$21,795,363

$21,936,496


Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

1,101,449 

$10,053,272 

1,210,131 

$10,873,443 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

381,818 

3,491,038 

408,162 

3,634,573 

1,483,267 

13,544,310 

1,618,293 

14,508,016 

Shares repurchased

(2,012,144)

(18,367,642)

(2,919,999)

(26,011,380)

Net decrease

(528,877)

$(4,823,332)

(1,301,706)

$(11,503,364)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

19,141 

$174,468 

16,479 

$146,972 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

4,864 

44,424 

5,461 

48,579 

24,005 

218,892 

21,940 

195,551 

Shares repurchased

(24,812)

(225,636)

(57,842)

(516,508)

Net decrease

(807)

$(6,744)

(35,902)

$(320,957)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

231,536 

$2,111,596 

158,472 

$1,419,638 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

26,880 

245,793 

31,592 

281,250 

258,416 

2,357,389 

190,064 

1,700,888 

Shares repurchased

(239,783)

(2,188,333)

(567,735)

(5,057,108)

Net increase (decrease)

18,633 

$169,056 

(377,671)

$(3,356,220)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

4,289 

$39,171 

3,378 

$30,209 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

1,344 

12,290 

1,407 

12,539 

5,633 

51,461 

4,785 

42,748 

Shares repurchased

(33)

(300)

(13,138)

(116,047)

Net increase (decrease)

5,600 

$51,161 

(8,353)

$(73,299)





38     Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund









Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

836,244 

$7,634,241 

163,092 

$1,451,503 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

24,133 

221,081 

10,969 

97,742 

860,377 

7,855,322 

174,061 

1,549,245 

Shares repurchased

(140,347)

(1,286,714)

(399,765)

(3,544,452)

Net increase (decrease)

720,030 

$6,568,608 

(225,704)

$(1,995,207)


Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund concentrates a majority of its investments in the state of Ohio and may be affected by economic and political developments in that state.




Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund     39















Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Trustees and Shareholders of
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”) at May 31, 2015, and the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of investments owned at May 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
July 15, 2015




20     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund








The fund’s portfolio 5/31/15


Key to holding’s abbreviations


AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AGO Assured Guaranty, Ltd.

AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

BAM Build America Mutual

CIFG CIFG Assurance North America, Inc.

FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

Radian Insd. Radian Group Insured

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.


MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)*

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Arizona (0.2%)

Navajo Cnty., Poll. Control Corp. Mandatory Put Bonds (11/17/15) (AZ Pub. Svsc. Co. Cholla Pwr. Plant), Ser. A, 0.45s, 6/1/34

A3

$500,000

$499,750

499,750

Georgia (0.5%)

Atlanta, Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 11/1/43

Aa3

1,000,000

1,119,340

1,119,340

Guam (1.4%)

Territory of GU, Bus. Privilege Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. B-1, 5s, 1/1/37

A

750,000

817,643

Territory of GU, Govt. Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds (Section 30), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 12/1/34

BBB+

1,000,000

1,127,370

Territory of GU, Govt. Wtr. Wks. Auth. Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Syst. Rev. Bonds, 5 5/8s, 7/1/40

A–

450,000

498,866

Territory of GU, Pwr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 10/1/40

BBB

350,000

387,734

2,831,613

Oklahoma (0.8%)

OK State Tpk. Auth. VRDN, Ser. F, 0.09s, 1/1/28

VMIG1

1,700,000

1,700,000

1,700,000

Pennsylvania (91.2%)

Allegheny Cnty., G.O. Bonds, Ser. C-72, 5 1/4s, 12/1/33

AA–

2,230,000

2,533,927

Allegheny Cnty., Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Pittsburgh Intl. Arpt.), Ser. A-1, 5s, 1/1/28

A3

1,000,000

1,080,110

Allegheny Cnty., Higher Ed. Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Robert Morris U.), Ser. A, 6s, 10/15/38

Baa3

945,000

1,034,151

(Robert Morris U.), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 10/15/40

Baa3

500,000

548,945

(Duquesne U.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 3/1/31

A2

1,000,000

1,136,620

(Duquesne U.), 5s, 3/1/33

A2

1,000,000

1,074,140

(Carnegie Mellon U.), Ser. A, 5s, 3/1/24

AA–

500,000

587,975

(Chatham U.), Ser. A, 5s, 9/1/20

BBB

1,180,000

1,337,141

(Duquesne U. of the Holy Spirit), Ser. A, 5s, 3/1/19

A2

300,000

335,529





Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     21









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Pennsylvania cont.

Allegheny Cnty., Hosp. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(U. of Pittsburgh Med.), 5 5/8s, 8/15/39

Aa3

$2,000,000

$2,269,860

(Children’s Hosp.), NATL, 5 3/8s, 7/1/17 (Escrowed to maturity)

AA–

1,545,000

1,619,145

Ser. A, 5s, 10/15/31

Aa3

1,000,000

1,114,480

Allegheny Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Env. Impt. — USX Corp.), 6 7/8s, 5/1/30

BB–

600,000

679,722

Allegheny Cnty., Sanitation Auth. Swr. Rev. Bonds, FGIC, NATL, 5s, 12/1/37

AA–

1,000,000

1,057,160

Allentown, Neighborhood Impt. Zone Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/42

Baa2

750,000

779,708

Beaver Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Heritage Valley Hlth. Syst., Inc.), 5s, 5/15/26

A+

1,000,000

1,134,450

Beaver Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Mandatory Put Bonds (6/1/20)

(FirstEnergy Generation, LLC), Ser. A, 3 1/2s, 4/1/41

Baa3

1,000,000

1,033,830

(FirstEnergy Nuclear Generation, LLC), Ser. B, 3 1/2s, 12/1/35

Baa3

1,400,000

1,447,362

Berks Cnty., Muni. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Reading Hosp. & Med. Ctr.), Ser. A-3, 5 1/2s, 11/1/31

AA–

2,000,000

2,291,380

Bethel Park, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5.1s, 8/1/33

Aa2

1,000,000

1,125,290

Bucks Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (US Steel Corp.), 6 3/4s, 6/1/26

BB–

250,000

290,688

Burrell, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, AGM

5s, 7/15/25 (Prerefunded 1/15/16)

A2

770,000

792,422

5s, 7/15/25

A2

230,000

235,943

Butler, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5 1/4s, 10/1/26

A+

1,500,000

1,677,225

Catasauqua, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 2/15/26

AA

1,000,000

1,028,100

Centennial, School Dist., Bucks Cnty., G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 12/15/37

Aa2

2,000,000

2,237,120

Chester Cnty., G.O. Bonds

5s, 7/15/23

Aaa

1,105,000

1,346,652

5s, 7/15/20

Aaa

285,000

333,487

4s, 7/15/19

Aaa

470,000

519,905

Chester Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Renaissance Academy Charter School), 5s, 10/1/34

BBB–

150,000

160,970

Chester Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Student Hsg. Rev. Bonds (West Chester U. Student Hsg., LLC), Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/45

Baa3

1,000,000

1,050,510

Crawford Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Allegheny College), Ser. A, 6s, 11/1/31

A3

1,000,000

1,147,300

Cumberland Cnty., Muni. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Presbyterian Homes Oblig.), Ser. A, 5.15s, 1/1/18

BBB+/F

730,000

773,107

(Diakon Lutheran Social Ministries), 5s, 1/1/38 ##

BBB+/F

1,350,000

1,421,321





22     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Pennsylvania cont.

Cumberland Cnty., Muni. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Diakon Lutheran Ministries), 5s, 1/1/36 (Prerefunded 1/1/17)

BBB+/F

$1,860,000

$1,976,771

(Dickinson College), 5s, 11/1/32

A+

1,000,000

1,107,460

(Diakon Lutheran Ministries), 5s, 1/1/27 (Prerefunded 1/1/17)

BBB+/F

750,000

797,085

Cumberland Valley, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 11/15/26

AA–

1,100,000

1,278,266

Dallas, Area Muni. Auth. U. Rev. Bonds (Misericordia U.), 5s, 5/1/29

Baa3

1,500,000

1,643,250

Dauphin Cnty., Gen. Auth. Hlth. Syst. Rev. Bonds (Pinnacle Hlth. Syst.), Ser. A, 6s, 6/1/29

A

1,500,000

1,732,365

Dauphin Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Wtr. Rev. Bonds (Dauphin Cons. Wtr. Supply), Ser. A, 6.9s, 6/1/24

A–

1,000,000

1,271,940

Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Comm. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

NATL, 5s, 7/1/27 (Prerefunded 7/1/17)

AA–

1,000,000

1,087,670

5s, 7/1/22

A1

200,000

236,514

Delaware River Port Auth. PA & NJ Rev. Bonds

Ser. D, 5s, 1/1/40

A

800,000

870,440

5s, 1/1/30

A

1,000,000

1,134,870

Downingtown, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, Ser. AA, 5s, 11/1/28

Aaa

1,875,000

2,102,850

Doylestown, Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Doylestown Hosp.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/25

Baa2

500,000

546,475

East Hempfield Twp., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Student Svcs., Inc. Student Hsg. at Millersville U. of PA)

5s, 7/1/34

Baa3

200,000

214,464

5s, 7/1/30

Baa3

410,000

444,231

East Stroudsburg, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 9/1/27

A2

1,500,000

1,639,755

Erie, Higher Ed. Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Gannon U.), Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 5/1/30

Baa2

1,000,000

1,084,370

(Mercyhurst College), 5.35s, 3/15/28

BBB

1,000,000

1,079,420

Franklin Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Chambersburg Hosp.), 5 3/8s, 7/1/42

A2

2,000,000

2,175,920

Gen. Auth. of South Central Rev. Bonds (York College of PA), 5 1/2s, 11/1/31

A

750,000

850,853

Harrisburg, Wtr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, 5 1/8s, 7/15/28

BB–/P

1,000,000

1,028,770

Indiana Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Student Co-op Assn., Inc.), 5s, 5/1/33

A–

1,000,000

1,076,080

Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Masonic Villages of the Grand Lodge of PA), 5s, 11/1/35

A

1,000,000

1,111,400

(Lancaster Gen. Hosp.), Ser. A, 5s, 3/15/26

Aa3

1,000,000

1,065,360

Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. Auth. VRDN (Masonic Homes), Ser. D, 0.08s, 7/1/34

A-1

1,745,000

1,745,000





Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     23









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Pennsylvania cont.

Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Hlth. Facs. Rev. Bonds (Saint Anne’s Retirement Cmnty., Inc.), 5s, 4/1/27

BB+/F

$1,000,000

$1,027,280

Lancaster, Higher Ed. Auth. College Rev. Bonds (Franklin & Marshall College), 5s, 4/15/29

AA–

1,000,000

1,087,240

Lancaster, Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Garden Spot Village Obligated Group), 5 3/8s, 5/1/28

BBB

500,000

545,505

Langhorne Manor Boro., Higher Edl. & Hlth. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Woods Svcs.), 5s, 11/15/22

A–

1,015,000

1,151,781

Lehigh Cnty., Gen. Purpose Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Lehigh Valley Hlth. Network), Ser. A, AGM, 5s, 7/1/25

AA

1,360,000

1,497,455

Luzerne Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Wtr. Fac. Rev. Bonds (American Wtr. Co.), 5 1/2s, 12/1/39

A1

1,250,000

1,402,825

Lycoming Cnty., Auth. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 5/1/26

A

1,000,000

1,128,630

Lycoming Cnty., Auth. Hlth. Syst. Rev. Bonds (Susquehanna Hlth. Syst.), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 7/1/39

BBB+

2,000,000

2,146,760

McKeesport, Muni. Auth. Swr. Rev. Bonds, 5 3/4s, 12/15/39

A–

1,750,000

1,955,695

Monroe Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Pocono Med. Ctr.)

5 1/8s, 1/1/37

A–

2,000,000

2,087,660

Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/32

A–

500,000

541,270

Montgomery Cnty., Higher Ed. & Hlth. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Arcadia U.)

5 5/8s, 4/1/40

BBB

1,000,000

1,080,210

5 1/4s, 4/1/30

BBB

1,060,000

1,141,684

Montgomery Cnty., Indl. Auth. Resource Recvy. Rev. Bonds (Germantown Academy), 4s, 10/1/22

BBB+

965,000

1,030,649

Montgomery Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Acts Retirement-Life Cmnty.), 5s, 11/15/28

BBB+

1,250,000

1,353,538

Montgomery Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Retirement Cmnty. Rev. Bonds (Acts Retirement-Life Cmnty.), Ser. A-1, 6 1/4s, 11/15/29

BBB+

1,125,000

1,277,730

Montgomery Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Wtr. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Aqua PA, Inc.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 7/1/42

AA–

2,250,000

2,406,623

New Wilmington, Muni. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Westminster College), Ser. GG4, Radian Insd., 5 1/8s, 5/1/33

AA

1,000,000

1,034,630

Northampton Cnty., Gen Purpose Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (St. Luke’s Hosp. — Bethlehem), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 8/15/35

A3

2,000,000

2,206,700

Northampton Cnty., Gen. Purpose Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Lehigh U.), 5 1/2s, 11/15/33

Aa2

1,500,000

1,711,305

(Moravian College), 5s, 7/1/31

A–

500,000

543,380

PA Rev. Bonds (Philadelphia Biosolids Fac.), 6 1/4s, 1/1/32

Baa3

250,000

278,840

PA Cmnwlth. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, AGO, 5s, 6/1/31

AA

1,500,000

1,651,305





24     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Pennsylvania cont.

PA Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Wtr. Fac. Rev. Bonds (American Wtr. Co.), 6.2s, 4/1/39

A1

$1,100,000

$1,256,288

PA Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 3.95s, 10/1/33

AA+

1,000,000

992,220

PA State G.O. Bonds, Ser. 1

5s, 11/15/30

Aa3

1,500,000

1,696,320

5s, 11/15/19

Aa3

1,500,000

1,711,965

PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

5s, 12/31/38

BBB

1,000,000

1,072,070

(Forum PL), 5s, 3/1/34

A+

2,000,000

2,162,500

(UPMC Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 5s, 2/1/34

Aa3

1,000,000

1,116,650

(Unemployment Compensation), Ser. B, 5s, 7/1/21

Aaa

1,000,000

1,096,700

PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Exempt Fac. Rev. Bonds (Amtrak), Ser. A, 5s, 11/1/32

A1

500,000

538,420

PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Poll. Control Rev. Bonds (PPL Elec. Util. Corp..), 4s, 10/1/23

A2

1,000,000

1,085,280

PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Resource Recvy. Rev. Bonds (Colver), Ser. F, AMBAC, 5s, 12/1/15

BBB–

850,000

867,153

PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. Mandatory Put Bonds (7/1/19) (Waste Mgt., Inc.), 2 1/4s, 7/1/41

A–

750,000

750,510

PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. Rev. Bonds

(Procter & Gamble Paper), 5 3/8s, 3/1/31

AA–

1,155,000

1,391,937

(Waste Mgmt., Inc.), Ser. A, 2 5/8s, 11/1/21

A–

750,000

749,993

PA State Fin., Auth. Rev. Bonds (Penn Hills), Ser. B, AMBAC, zero %, 12/1/27

AA–/P

1,000,000

596,380

PA State Higher Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Drexel U.), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 5/1/36

A

1,000,000

1,082,730

(Assn. Indpt. Colleges & U. — Gwynedd-Mercy), Ser. GG5, Radian Insd., 5 1/8s, 5/1/32

AA

1,020,000

1,069,052

(Delaware Valley College of Science & Agriculture), Ser. LL1, 5s, 11/1/42

Baa3

500,000

514,635

(East Stroudsburg U.), 5s, 7/1/42

Baa3

700,000

734,153

(St. Joseph’s U.), Ser. A, 5s, 11/1/40

A–

1,000,000

1,082,040

(Thomas Jefferson U.), 5s, 3/1/40

A1

1,000,000

1,079,520

(La Salle U.), 5s, 5/1/37

BBB

500,000

526,860

(Shippensburg U. Student Svcs.), 5s, 10/1/35

Baa3

250,000

260,885

(Indiana U.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/32

BBB+

500,000

537,880

(Temple U.), Ser. 1, 5s, 4/1/32

Aa3

500,000

558,360

(Thomas Jefferson U.), 5s, 3/1/32

A1

500,000

552,650

(Temple U.), Ser. 1, 5s, 4/1/31

Aa3

1,000,000

1,119,990

(Philadelphia U.), 5s, 6/1/30

Baa2

200,000

213,254

(U. of PA), Ser. B, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5s, 9/1/25 (Prerefunded 9/1/19)

AA+

1,150,000

1,323,593

(Philadelphia U.), 5s, 6/1/22

Baa2

330,000

353,219





Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     25









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Pennsylvania cont.

PA State Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds

5 1/2s, 7/1/23 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

A1

$1,755,000

$1,986,906

U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 1/2s, 7/1/23 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)

AAA/P

245,000

277,374

PA State Pub. School Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(Northampton Cnty. Area Cmnty. College), Ser. A, BAM, 5s, 6/15/34

AA

1,220,000

1,330,825

(Delaware Cnty. Cmnty. College), AGM, 5s, 10/1/27 (Prerefunded 4/1/18)

A1

1,250,000

1,388,675

(School Dist. Philadelphia), Ser. B, AGM, 4 3/4s, 6/1/30

AA

2,000,000

2,094,800

PA State Tpk. Comm. Rev. Bonds

Ser. C, 5s, 12/1/44

A1

500,000

545,780

(Motor License Fund), 5s, 12/1/42

A2

1,000,000

1,076,230

Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/38

A1

600,000

660,456

(Motor License Fund), Ser. A1, 5s, 12/1/38

A2

2,000,000

2,164,380

Ser. B, 5s, 12/1/22

A1

2,075,000

2,365,251

zero %, 12/1/37

A2

1,000,000

782,180

zero %, 12/1/34

A2

2,250,000

1,763,460

PA State Tpk. Comm. Oil Franchise Tax Rev. Bonds

(2003 PA Tpk.), Ser. C, NATL, 5s, 12/1/28

AA

1,290,000

1,438,479

Ser. C, zero %, 12/1/38

AA

3,000,000

1,174,920

PA State U. Rev. Bonds

5s, 3/1/35

Aa2

1,000,000

1,119,230

5s, 9/1/29

Aa2

1,400,000

1,416,730

Philadelphia, G.O. Bonds

Ser. B, AGO, U.S. Govt. Coll., 7 1/8s, 7/15/38 (Prerefunded 7/15/16)

AA

500,000

537,895

Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 7/15/27

A+

1,000,000

1,173,840

CIFG, 5s, 8/1/23

A+

1,980,000

2,072,585

Philadelphia, Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. D, 5 1/4s, 6/15/25

A+

1,500,000

1,688,655

Philadelphia, Auth. for Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds

(Global Leadership Academy), 6 3/8s, 11/15/40

BBB–

945,000

997,967

(Master Charter School), 6s, 8/1/35

BBB+

1,000,000

1,082,680

Philadelphia, Gas Wks. Rev. Bonds

Ser. 9, 5 1/4s, 8/1/40

A–

1,250,000

1,382,875

Ser. A-1, AGM, 5s, 9/1/26

AA

2,000,000

2,005,180

Philadelphia, Hosp. & Higher Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Graduate Hlth. Syst. Oblig. Group)

7 1/4s, 7/1/18 (In default) †

D/P

2,299,601

2,875

6 5/8s, 7/1/21 (In default) †

D/P

679,545

849

Philadelphia, Hosp. & Higher Edl. Fac. Auth. VRDN (Children’s Hosp. of Philadelphia), Ser. B, 0.1s, 7/1/25

VMIG1

2,060,000

2,060,000

Philadelphia, Redev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Transformation Initiative), 5s, 4/15/26

A+

1,000,000

1,124,560





26     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Pennsylvania cont.

Philadelphia, School Dist. G.O. Bonds

Ser. A, 5s, 9/1/34

A1

$1,000,000

$1,083,320

Ser. A, AMBAC, 5s, 8/1/22 (Prerefunded 8/1/15)

A1

45,000

45,354

Ser. A-15, AMBAC, 5s, 8/1/22

A1

950,000

957,477

Ser. A-15, AMBAC, 5s, 8/1/22 (Prerefunded 8/1/15)

A1

5,000

5,039

Philadelphia, Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/40

A1

1,500,000

1,651,590

Pittsburgh, G.O. Bonds

BAM, 5s, 9/1/25

AA

1,000,000

1,187,910

Ser. B, 5s, 9/1/25

A1

1,250,000

1,445,988

Reading, G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5s, 11/1/29

Baa1

2,000,000

2,208,440

Snyder Cnty., Higher Ed. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Susquehanna U.), 5s, 1/1/38

A2

1,000,000

1,076,980

South Central, Gen. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Wellspan Hlth. Oblig. Group), 5s, 6/1/24

Aa3

310,000

370,425

Spring Grove, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/23

AA–

500,000

590,690

State College, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 3/15/40

AA

750,000

845,130

Susquehanna, Area Regl. Arpt. Syst. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A

6 1/2s, 1/1/38

Baa3

575,000

615,095

5s, 1/1/27

Baa3

350,000

384,181

U. of Pittsburgh of the Cmnwlth. Sys. of Higher Ed. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5s, 9/15/28

Aa1

1,600,000

1,795,760

Upper Moreland Twp., School Dist. G.O. Bonds, AGO, 5s, 9/1/28

Aa2

1,635,000

1,772,912

Washington Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (WA Hosp.), AMBAC, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 1/2s, 7/1/17 (Escrowed to maturity)

Baa2

1,200,000

1,289,628

Washington Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (First Mtge. AHF/Central), 8 1/2s, 1/1/29

B/P

218,000

218,865

West Mifflin, Area School Dist. G.O. Bonds, AGM, 5 1/8s, 4/1/31

AA

1,500,000

1,653,195

West Shore Area Auth. Rev. Bonds (Lifeways at Messiah Village), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/35

BBB–/F

500,000

525,855

West York, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 4/1/22

AA–

1,215,000

1,425,341

Wilkes-Barre, Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

(U. of Scranton), 5s, 11/1/40

A

1,000,000

1,082,040

(U. of Scranton), 5s, 11/1/35

A

1,000,000

1,095,520

(Wilkes U.), 5s, 3/1/22

BBB

625,000

653,660

184,615,188





Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     27









MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.5%)* cont.

Rating**

Principal
amount

Value

Puerto Rico (2.8%)

Children’s Trust Fund Tobacco Settlement (The) Rev. Bonds

5 1/2s, 5/15/39

BBB–

$1,760,000

$1,774,714

5 3/8s, 5/15/33

BBB

630,000

635,771

Cmnwlth. of PR, Hwy. & Trans. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. AA, NATL, 5 1/2s, 7/1/18

AA–

65,000

67,452

Ser. AA, NATL, U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 1/2s, 7/1/18 (Escrowed to maturity)

Ca

1,435,000

1,623,688

Ser. AA-2, 5.3s, 7/1/35

CCC+

125,000

91,335

Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 8/1/39

CCC+

750,000

463,148

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/41

CCC+

715,000

436,164

Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 8/1/40

CCC+

500,000

355,005

Ser. A, NATL, zero %, 8/1/43

AA–

1,000,000

161,070

5,608,347

South Carolina (0.8%)

SC State Pub. Svc. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/50

AA–

1,500,000

1,625,145

1,625,145

Utah (1.0%)

Murray City, Hosp. VRDN (IHC Hlth. Svcs., Inc.), Ser. A, 0.1s, 5/15/37

VMIG1

1,940,000

1,940,000

1,940,000

Virgin Islands (0.8%)

VI Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds

Ser. A, 6s, 10/1/39

Baa3

400,000

446,020

Ser. A-1, 5s, 10/1/39

Baa2

600,000

635,208

Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/25

Baa2

450,000

500,315


1,581,543



TOTAL INVESTMENTS

Total investments (cost $191,540,516)

$201,520,926



Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

*

Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $202,487,185.

**

The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.

This security is non-income-producing.

##

Forward commitment, in part or in entirety (Note 1).





28     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates.

The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):

Education

20.3%

Health care

18.7

Local debt

17.9

Utilities

11.8



ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:



Valuation inputs

Investments in securities:

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Municipal bonds and notes

$— 

$201,517,202 

$3,724 

Totals by level

$— 

$201,517,202 

$3,724 

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.

At the start and close of the reporting period, Level 3 investments in securities represented less than 1% of the fund’s net assets and were not considered a significant portion of the fund’s portfolio.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     29









Statement of assets and liabilities 5/31/15

ASSETS

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):

Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $191,540,516)

$201,520,926 

Cash

2,027,492 

Interest and other receivables

2,501,581 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold

68,972 

Receivable for investments sold

55,246 

Prepaid assets

1,917 

Total assets

206,176,134 

LIABILITIES

Payable for investments purchased

1,127,821 

Payable for purchases of delayed delivery securities (Note 1)

1,419,147 

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased

705,729 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)

73,270 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)

2,896 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)

23,274 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

81,672 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)

763 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)

88,838 

Distributions payable to shareholders

87,564 

Other accrued expenses

77,975 

Total liabilities

3,688,949 

Net assets

$202,487,185 

REPRESENTED BY

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)

$198,116,911 

Distributions in excess of net investment income (Note 1)

(200,609)

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)

(5,409,527)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments

9,980,410 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding

$202,487,185 

(Continued on next page)


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




30     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of assets and liabilities (Continued)

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share ($161,367,455 divided by 17,535,284 shares)

$9.20 

Offering price per class A share (100/96.00 of $9.20)*

$9.58 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($4,769,194 divided by 519,096 shares)**

$9.19 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($24,675,845 divided by 2,680,403 shares)**

$9.21 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($3,816,003 divided by 414,324 shares)

$9.21 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.75 of $9.21)†

$9.52 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share ($7,858,688 divided by 853,000 shares)

$9.21 

*

 On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

**

 Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

 On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     31









Statement of operations Year ended 5/31/15

INTEREST INCOME

$8,423,814 

EXPENSES

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)

879,427 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)

115,874 

Custodian fees (Note 2)

8,446 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)

7,500 

Distribution fees (Note 2)

687,983 

Administrative services (Note 2)

5,356 

Other

121,341 

Total expenses

1,825,927 

Expense reduction (Note 2)

(246)

Net expenses

1,825,681 

Net investment income

6,598,133 

Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)

(924,227)

Net unrealized appreciation of investments during the year

1,583,654 

Net gain on investments

659,427 

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations

$7,257,560 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




32     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









Statement of changes in net assets

DECREASE IN NET ASSETS

Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Operations:

Net investment income

$6,598,133 

$7,492,080 

Net realized loss on investments

(924,227)

(3,074,164)

Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments

1,583,654 

(4,885,050)

Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations

7,257,560 

(467,134)

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):

From ordinary income

Taxable net investment income

Class A

(7,910)

(1,821)

Class B

(235)

(60)

Class C

(1,165)

(293)

Class M

(184)

(43)

Class Y

(376)

(78)

From tax-exempt net investment income

Class A

(5,391,834)

(6,069,553)

Class B

(131,201)

(172,830)

Class C

(618,134)

(776,967)

Class M

(118,503)

(135,193)

Class Y

(267,602)

(289,368)

Decrease from capital share transactions (Note 4)

(3,885,933)

(31,962,740)

Total decrease in net assets

(3,165,517)

(39,876,080)

NET ASSETS

Beginning of year

205,652,702 

245,528,782 

End of year (including distributions in excess of net investment income of $200,609 and $190,645, respectively)

$202,487,185 

$205,652,702 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     33








Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Period ended

Net asset value, beginning of period

Net investment income

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

From
net investment income

Total
distributions

Non-recurring reimbursements

Net asset value, end of period

Total return at net asset value (%)a

Net assets, end of period (in thousands)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)b

Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (%)

Portfolio turnover (%)

Class A

May 31, 2015

$9.17    

.31    

.02    

.33    

(.30)  

(.30)  

—    

$9.20    

3.67    

$161,367    

.78    

3.32    

22    

May 31, 2014

9.44    

.33    

(.27)  

.06    

(.33)  

(.33)  

—    

9.17    

.74    

164,823    

.79    

3.67    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.48    

.34    

(.04)  

.30    

(.34)  

(.34)  

—    

9.44    

3.14    

191,752    

.78    

3.52    

6    

May 31, 2012

8.88    

.36    

.60    

.96    

(.36)  

(.36)  

c,d

9.48    

10.99    

196,747    

.79    

3.87    

5    

May 31, 2011

9.10    

.37    

(.22)  

.15    

(.37)  

(.37)  

c,e

8.88    

1.67    

171,516    

.79    

4.11    

13    

Class B

May 31, 2015

$9.16    

.25    

.03    

.28    

(.25)  

(.25)  

—    

$9.19    

3.04    

$4,769    

1.40    

2.70    

22    

May 31, 2014

9.42    

.27    

(.26)  

.01    

(.27)  

(.27)  

—    

9.16    

.23    

5,148    

1.41    

3.05    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.47    

.28    

(.05)  

.23    

(.28)  

(.28)  

—    

9.42    

2.40    

7,041    

1.40    

2.90    

6    

May 31, 2012

8.87    

.30    

.60    

.90    

(.30)  

(.30)  

c,d

9.47    

10.32    

7,174    

1.41    

3.26    

5    

May 31, 2011

9.09    

.31    

(.22)  

.09    

(.31)  

(.31)  

c,e

8.87    

1.02    

7,827    

1.41    

3.47    

13    

Class C

May 31, 2015

$9.17    

.23    

.04    

.27    

(.23)  

(.23)  

—    

$9.21    

2.99    

$24,676    

1.55    

2.55    

22    

May 31, 2014

9.44    

.26    

(.27)  

(.01)  

(.26)  

(.26)  

—    

9.17    

(.03)  

24,972    

1.56    

2.90    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.48    

.26    

(.04)  

.22    

(.26)  

(.26)  

—    

9.44    

2.35    

32,807    

1.55    

2.75    

6    

May 31, 2012

8.88    

.29    

.60    

.89    

(.29)  

(.29)  

c,d

9.48    

10.14    

29,487    

1.56    

3.10    

5    

May 31, 2011

9.10    

.30    

(.22)  

.08    

(.30)  

(.30)  

c,e

8.88    

.88    

22,934    

1.56    

3.34    

13    

Class M

May 31, 2015

$9.18    

.28    

.03    

.31    

(.28)  

(.28)  

—    

$9.21    

3.39    

$3,816    

1.05    

3.05    

22    

May 31, 2014

9.44    

.30    

(.26)  

.04    

(.30)  

(.30)  

—    

9.18    

.57    

3,965    

1.06    

3.40    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.48    

.31    

(.04)  

.27    

(.31)  

(.31)  

—    

9.44    

2.86    

4,453    

1.05    

3.25    

6    

May 31, 2012

8.89    

.33    

.59    

.92    

(.33)  

(.33)  

c,d

9.48    

10.56    

4,000    

1.06    

3.61    

5    

May 31, 2011

9.11    

.35    

(.23)  

.12    

(.34)  

(.34)  

c,e

8.89    

1.38    

3,641    

1.06    

3.82    

13    

Class Y

May 31, 2015

$9.18    

.33    

.02    

.35    

(.32)  

(.32)  

—    

$9.21    

3.90    

$7,859    

.55    

3.54    

22    

May 31, 2014

9.45    

.35    

(.27)  

.08    

(.35)  

(.35)  

—    

9.18    

.97    

6,744    

.56    

3.90    

7    

May 31, 2013

9.48    

.36    

(.03)  

.33    

(.36)  

(.36)  

—    

9.45    

3.48    

9,476    

.55    

3.76    

6    

May 31, 2012

8.89    

.38    

.59    

.97    

(.38)  

(.38)  

c,d

9.48    

11.13    

4,784    

.56    

4.07    

5    

May 31, 2011

9.11    

.39    

(.22)  

.17    

(.39)  

(.39)  

c,e

8.89    

1.90    

1,550    

.56    

4.31    

13    


aTotal return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

bIncludes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

cAmount represents less than $0.01 per share.

dReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to restitution amounts in connection with a distribution plan approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on July 21, 2011.

eReflects a non-recurring reimbursement related to short-term trading related lawsuits, which amounted to less than $0.01 per share outstanding on May 11, 2011.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


34

Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund

Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund

35








Notes to financial statements 5/31/15

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2015.

Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified open-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Pennsylvania personal income tax as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital. The fund invests mainly in bonds that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax and Pennsylvania personal income tax (but that may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)), are investment-grade in quality, and have intermediate-to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M and class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, and class M shares, but do not bear a distribution fee. Class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.




36     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund








Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.

Securities purchased or sold on a forward commitment or delayed delivery basis may be settled at a future date beyond customary settlement time; interest income is accrued based on the terms of the securities. Losses may arise due to changes in the fair value of the underlying securities or if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $392.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the Federal Funds rate plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.11% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.




Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     37








At May 31, 2015, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $5,174,307 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. The amounts of the carryovers and the expiration dates are:


Loss carryover

Short-term

Long-term

Total

Expiration

$710,770

3,087,136

3,797,906

*

761,850

N/A

761,850

May 31, 2017

410,182

N/A

410,182

May 31, 2018

204,369

N/A

204,369

May 31, 2019


*Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an unlimited period. However, any losses incurred will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred in pre-enactment tax years. As a result of this ordering rule, pre-enactment capital loss carryforwards may be more likely to expire unused. Additionally, post-enactment capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law.

Pursuant to federal income tax regulations applicable to regulated investment companies, the fund has elected to defer certain capital losses of $248,162 recognized during the period between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 to its fiscal year ending May 31, 2016.


Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from late year loss deferrals and from defaulted bond interest. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $70,953 to increase distributions in excess of net investment income and $70,953 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation

$13,885,231

Unrealized depreciation

(3,786,366)

Net unrealized appreciation

10,098,865

Undistributed tax-exempt income

435,382

Capital loss carryforward

(5,174,307)

Post-October capital loss deferral

(248,162)

Cost for Federal income tax purposes

$191,422,061


Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of most open-end funds, as defined in the fund’s management contract, sponsored by Putnam Management. Such annual rates may vary as follows:


0.590%

of the first $5 billion,

0.540%

of the next $5 billion,

0.490%

of the next $10 billion,

0.440%

of the next $10 billion,

0.390%

of the next $50 billion,

0.370%

of the next $50 billion,

0.360%

of the next $100 billion and

0.355%

of any excess thereafter.


Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through September 30, 2016, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal




38     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund








year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) for the portion of the fund’s fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2015, a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts will not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts. During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:


Class A

$92,666

Class B

2,757

Class C

13,903

Class M

2,208

Class Y

4,340

Total

$115,874


The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $246 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $120, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the Plans) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to




Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     39








April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares. During the reporting period, the class specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:


Class A

$380,393

Class B

41,760

Class C

246,162

Class M

19,668

Total

$687,983


For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $25,848 and $377 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $1,624 and $719 in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received no monies on class A redemptions.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:


Cost of purchases

Proceeds from sales

Investments in securities, including (Long-term)

$42,310,921

$42,621,156

U.S. government securities (Long-term)

Total

$42,310,921

$42,621,156


Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:


Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class A

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

1,662,031 

$15,358,661 

1,679,039 

$15,150,358 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

513,082 

4,740,449 

589,558 

5,270,590 

2,175,113 

20,099,110 

2,268,597 

20,420,948 

Shares repurchased

(2,612,840)

(24,136,283)

(4,616,774)

(41,308,153)

Net decrease

(437,727)

$(4,037,173)

(2,348,177)

$(20,887,205)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class B

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

45,553 

$420,898 

17,207 

$154,940 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

13,321 

122,872 

17,565 

156,796 

58,874 

543,770 

34,772 

311,736 

Shares repurchased

(102,004)

(941,292)

(219,597)

(1,961,102)

Net decrease

(43,130)

$(397,522)

(184,825)

$(1,649,366)





40     Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund









Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class C

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

301,922 

$2,794,714 

222,797 

$2,000,244 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

61,425 

567,662 

80,457 

719,397 

363,347 

3,362,376 

303,254 

2,719,641 

Shares repurchased

(405,025)

(3,738,023)

(1,056,701)

(9,419,805)

Net decrease

(41,678)

$(375,647)

(753,447)

$(6,700,164)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class M

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

20,893 

$192,125 

15,613 

$139,448 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

11,928 

110,296 

13,817 

123,624 

32,821 

302,421 

29,430 

263,072 

Shares repurchased

(50,453)

(466,598)

(69,011)

(610,561)

Net decrease

(17,632)

$(164,177)

(39,581)

$(347,489)



Year ended 5/31/15 

Year ended 5/31/14 

Class Y

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares sold

296,746 

$2,737,492 

249,416 

$2,228,254 

Shares issued in connection with reinvestment of distributions

25,936 

239,943 

30,848 

275,929 

322,682 

2,977,435 

280,264 

2,504,183 

Shares repurchased

(204,279)

(1,888,849)

(548,839)

(4,882,699)

Net increase (decrease)

118,403 

$1,088,586 

(268,575)

$(2,378,516)


Note 5: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. The fund focuses a majority of its investments in the state of Pennsylvania and may be affected by economic and political developments in that state.

Federal tax information (Unaudited)

The fund has designated 99.85% of dividends paid from net investment income during the reporting period as tax exempt for Federal income tax purposes.

The Form 1099 that will be mailed to you in January 2016 will show the tax status of all distributions paid to your account in calendar 2015.




Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund     41









PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
(collectively the "Funds")
 
FORM N-1A
PART C
 
OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28. Exhibits

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(a) Amended and Restated Agreement and Declarations of Trust dated March 21, 2014 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amended and Restated Agreement and Declarations of Trust dated March 21, 2014 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated March 21, 2014 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

(b) Amended and Restated Bylaws dated as of October 17, 2014 for the Funds.

(c)(1) Portions of Agreement and Declarations of Trust relating to Shareholders’ Rights for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Portions of Agreement and Declarations of Trust relating to Shareholders’ Rights for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

C-1 

 



Portions of Agreement and Declaration of Trust relating to Shareholders’ Rights for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

(c)(2) Portions of Bylaws relating to Shareholders’ Rights for the Funds.

(d)(1) Management Contracts with Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated February 27, 2014 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Management Contracts with Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated February 27, 2014 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Management Contract with Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated February 27, 2014 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

(d)(2) Sub-Management Contract between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and Putnam Investments Limited dated February 27, 2014 for the Funds; schedule A amended as of November 20, 2014.

(e)(1) Amended and Restated Distributor's Contracts with Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership dated July 1, 2013 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amended and Restated Distributor's Contracts with Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership dated July 1, 2013 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amended and Restated Distributor's Contract with Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership dated July 1, 2013 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

C-2 

 



(e)(2) (i)Form of Dealer Sales Contract dated March 27, 2012 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2012.

Form of Dealer Sales Contract dated March 27, 2012 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2012.

Form of Dealer Sales Contract dated March 27, 2012 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2012.

(e)(2)(ii) Schedule of Dealer Sales Contracts conforming in all material respects to the Form of Dealer Sales Contract filed as Exhibit (e)(2)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(e)(3) (i)Form of Financial Institution Sales Contract dated March 27, 2012 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2012.

Form of Financial Institution Sales Contract dated March 27, 2012 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2012.

Form of Financial Institution Sales Contract dated March 27, 2012 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2012.

(e)(3)(ii)Schedule of Financial Institution Sales Contracts conforming in all material respects to the Form of Financial Institution Sales Contract filed as Exhibit (e)(3)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(f) Trustee Retirement Plan dated October 4, 1996, as amended July 21, 2000 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2005.

C-3 

 



Trustee Retirement Plan dated October 4, 1996, as amended July 21, 2000 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2005.

Trustee Retirement Plan dated October 4, 1996, as amended July 21, 2000 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2005.

(g)(1) Master Custodian Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated January 1, 2007 for the Funds; Appendix A amended as of March 23, 2015.

(g)(2) Amendment to Master Custodian Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated August 1, 2013 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amendment to Master Custodian Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated August 1, 2013 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amendment to Master Custodian Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated August 1, 2013 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

(h)(1) Amended & Restated Investor Servicing Agreement – Open-End Funds with Putnam Investment Management, LLC and Putnam Investor Services, Inc. dated July 1, 2013 for the Funds; Appendix A amended as of November 20, 2014.

(h)(2) Letter of Indemnity with Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated December 18, 2003 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2004.

Letter of Indemnity with Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated December 18, 2003 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2004.

Letter of Indemnity with Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated December 18, 2003 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective

C-4 

 



Amendment No. 18 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2004.

(h)(3) Liability Insurance Allocation Agreement dated December 18, 2003 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2004.

Liability Insurance Allocation Agreement dated December 18, 2003 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2004.

Liability Insurance Allocation Agreement dated December 18, 2003 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2004.

(h)(4) Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated January 1, 2007 for the Funds; Appendix A amended as of March 23, 2015.

(h)(5) Amendment to Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated August 1, 2013 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amendment to Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated August 1, 2013 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

Amendment to Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated August 1, 2013 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 2014.

(h)(6) Master Interfund Lending Agreement with the Trusts party thereto and Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated July 16, 2010 for the Funds; schedule A dated June 8, 2015; schedule B dated June 8, 2015.

C-5 

 



(h)(7) Credit Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company and certain other lenders dated as of September 24, 2015 for the Funds.

(h)(8) Amended and Restated Uncommitted Line of Credit Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated as of September 24, 2015 for the Funds.

(i) Opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, including consent for the Arizona fund – Incorporated by reference to Post -Effective Amendment No. 7 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 1996.

Opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, including consent for the New Jersey fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 29, 1995.

Opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, including consent for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on July 1, 1989.

Opinions of Ropes & Gray LLP, including consents for the Massachusetts and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on August 2, 1991.

Opinions of Ropes & Gray LLP, including consents for the Michigan and Minnesota funds – Incorporated by reference to the respective fund's Initial Registration Statement filed on September 24, 1986 and September 23, 1986, respectively.

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(j)(1) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania funds – PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

(j)(2) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Arizona fund – KPMG LLP.

(k) Not applicable.

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(l) Investment Letters from Putnam Investments, LLC to the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds for Class M shares – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 15, 1995.

C-6 

 



Investment Letters from Putnam Investments, LLC to the New Jersey fund for Class M shares – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 29, 1995.

Investment Letter from Putnam Investments, LLC to the Arizona fund for Class B shares – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on October 29, 1993.

Investment Letter from Putnam Investments, LLC to the Pennsylvania fund for Class A shares – Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on July 1, 1989.

(m)(1) Class A Distribution Plan and Agreement dated March 5, 1992, as amended July 15, 1993 for the Arizona fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on October 29, 1993.

Class A Distribution Plan and Agreement dated July 9, 1992, as amended July 15, 1993 for the Massachusetts fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on August 2, 1993.

Class A Distribution Plans and Agreements dated May 7, 1992, as amended July 15, 1993 for the Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on August 2, 1993.

Class A Distribution Plan and Agreement dated September 10, 1992, as amended January 1, 1993 for the New Jersey fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on October 29, 1993.

Class A Distribution Plan and Agreement dated July 8, 1993 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on July 1, 1994.

(m)(2) Class B Distribution Plan and Agreement dated July 15, 1993 for the Arizona fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on October 29, 1993.

Class B Distribution Plan and Agreement dated January 1, 1993 for the New Jersey fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on October 29, 1993.

C-7 

 



Class B Distribution Plan and Agreement dated July 15, 1993 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on July 1, 1994.

Class B Distribution Plans and Agreements dated July 14, 1993 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on August 2, 1993.

(m)(3) Class C Distribution Plan and Agreement dated July 16, 1999 for the Massachusetts fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 30, 2003.

Class C Distribution Plans and Agreements dated September 2006 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2006.

Class C Distribution Plans and Agreements dated September 2006 for the Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on December 28, 2006.

Class C Distribution Plan and Agreement dated September 2006 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2006.

(m)(4) Class M Distribution Plan and Agreement dated June 30, 1995 for the Arizona fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 26, 1996.

Class M Distribution Plan and Agreement dated April 28, 1995 for the New Jersey fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 29, 1995.

Class M Distribution Plans and Agreements dated March 31, 1995 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the respective fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 29, 1995.

Class M Distribution Plan and Agreement dated June 30, 1995 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the fund’s Registration Statement filed on September 26, 1996.

C-8 

 



(m)(5) (i)Form of Dealer Service Agreement for the Arizona fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on December 27, 1994.

</R>

Form of Dealer Service Agreement for the New Jersey fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the fund's Registration Statement.

<R>

Form of Dealer Service Agreement for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on July 20, 1995.

Form of Dealer Service Agreement for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on August 2, 1993.

(m)(5)(ii)Schedule of Dealer Service Agreements conforming in all material respects to the Forms of Dealer Service Agreements filed as Exhibit (m)(5)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(m)(6) (i)Form of Financial Institution Service Agreement for the Arizona fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on December 27, 1994.

</R>

Form of Financial Institution Service Agreement for the New Jersey fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the fund's Registration Statement.

<R>

Form of Financial Institution Service Agreement for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the fund’s Registration Statement filed on June 20, 1995.

Form of Financial Institution Service Agreement for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on August 2, 1993.

C-9 

 



(m)(6)(ii) Schedule of Financial Institution Service Agreements conforming in all material respects to the Forms of Financial Institution Service Agreements filed as Exhibit (m)(6)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(n) Rule 18f-3 Plan dated November 1, 1999, as most recently amended September 18, 2015 for the Funds.

</R>

(p)(1) The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics dated June 17, 2011 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2011.

C-10 

 



The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics dated June 17, 2011 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2011.

The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics dated June 17, 2011 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2011.

<R>

(p)(2) Putnam Investments Code of Ethics dated July 2013 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 27, 2013.

Putnam Investments Code of Ethics dated July 2013 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the respective fund's Registration Statement filed on September 27, 2013.

Putnam Investments Code of Ethics dated July 2013 for the Pennsylvania fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the fund's Registration Statement filed on September 27, 2013.

</R>

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrants

None.

Item 30. Indemnification

<R>

Reference is made to Article VIII, sections 1 through 3, of each Registrant’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, which is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 for the Arizona and New Jersey funds, Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds and Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 for the Pennsylvania fund to the Registrants’ Registration Statements on Form N-1A under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (File Nos. 811-06258, 811-04518, 811-04529, 811-04527, 811-05977, 811-04528 and 811-05802 for the Arizona, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania funds, respectively). In addition, the Registrants maintain a trustees and officers liability insurance policy under which the Registrants and their trustees and officers are named insureds. Certain service providers to the

C-11 

 



Registrants also have contractually agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the trustees against liability arising in connection with the service provider’s performance of services under the relevant agreement.

</R>

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser

Except as set forth below, the directors and officers of each of Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the Registrant’s investment adviser (the “Investment Adviser”), Putnam Investments Limited, investment sub-manager to certain Putnam funds (the “Sub-Manager”), and The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC, investment sub-adviser to certain Putnam funds, have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than as directors or officers of the Investment Adviser, Sub-Manager, or certain of the Investment Adviser’s corporate affiliates. Certain officers of the Investment Adviser serve as officers of some or all of the Putnam funds. The address of the Investment Adviser, its corporate affiliates other than the Sub-Manager, and the Putnam funds is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109. The address of the Sub-Manager is Cassini House, 57-59 St James’s Street, London, England, SW1A 1LD.

Name and Title  Non-Putnam business, profession, vocation or 
  employment 
N/A   

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriter

(a) Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership is the principal underwriter for each of the following investment companies, including the Registrant:

<R>

George Putnam Balanced Fund, Putnam American Government Income Fund, Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Asset Allocation Funds, Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Convertible Securities Fund, Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Equity Income Fund, Putnam Europe Equity Fund, The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income, Putnam Funds Trust, Putnam Global Equity Fund, Putnam Global Health Care Fund, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund, Putnam Global Utilities Fund, Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund, Putnam High Yield Trust, Putnam Income Fund, Putnam International Equity Fund, Putnam Investment Funds, Putnam Investors Fund, Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Money Market Fund, Putnam Mortgage Recovery Fund, Putnam Multi-Cap Growth Fund, Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam RetirementReady® Funds, Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust, Putnam U.S.

C-12 

 



Government Income Trust, Putnam Variable Trust, and Putnam Voyager Fund.

</R>

C-13 

 



(b) The directors and officers of the Registrant's principal underwriter are listed below. Except as noted below, no officer of the Registrant’s principal underwriter is an officer of the Registrant.

The principal business address of each person listed below is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

Name  Position and Office with the 
  Underwriter 

Connolly, William T.  President 

Richer, Clare  Treasurer 

<R>   
</R>   

Maher, Stephen B.  Assistant Treasurer 

Burns, Robert T.*  Secretary 

Clark, James F.  Assistant Secretary 

Ritter, Jesse D.  Assistant Secretary 

Ettinger, Robert D.  Vice President 

Leveille, Robert R.**  Vice President 

Trenchard, Mark C.***  Vice President 

 

*Mr. Burns is Vice President and Chief Legal Officer of the Registrant.

** Mr. Leveille is Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Registrant.

***Mr. Trenchard is Vice President and BSA Compliance Officer of the Registrant.

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

<R>

Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Rules promulgated thereunder are the Registrants' Clerk, Michael J. Higgins; the Registrants' investment adviser, Putnam Investment Management, LLC (PIM); the Registrants’ principal underwriter, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership (PRM); the Registrants' custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company (which, in addition to its duties as custodian, also provides certain administrative, pricing and bookkeeping services); and the Registrants’ transfer and dividend disbursing agent, Putnam Investor Services, Inc. The address of the Clerk, PIM, PRM and Putnam Investor Services, Inc. is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109. State Street Bank and Trust Company is located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 and 2 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.

</R>

C-14 

 



Item 34. Management Services

None.

Item 35. Undertakings

None.

NOTICE 

 

<R>

A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of each of Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund and Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund are on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of each Registrant by an officer of such Registrant as an officer and not individually and the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees, officers or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the respective Registrant.

</R>

C-15 

 



SIGNATURES 

 

<R>

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, each of the Registrants certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Boston, and The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 28th day of September, 2015.

</R>

PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 
PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND 

 

By:/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz, Executive Vice President, Principal 
Executive Officer and Compliance Liaison 

 

<R>

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Amendment to the Registration Statements of Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund and Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:

</R>

Signature  Title 
 
Jameson A. Baxter**  Chair, Board of Trustees 
 
Robert L. Reynolds**  President and Trustee 
 
Jonathan S. Horwitz**  Executive Vice President, Principal Executive Officer and 
  Compliance Liaison 
 
Steven D. Krichmar**  Vice President and Principal Financial Officer 

 

C-16 

 



Janet C. Smith**  Vice President, Principal Accounting Officer and Assistant 
  Treasurer 
 
Liaquat Ahamed **  Trustee 
 
Ravi Akhoury**  Trustee 
 
Barbara M. Baumann**  Trustee 
<R>   
</R>   
Robert J. Darretta**  Trustee 
 
Katinka Domotorffy**  Trustee 
 
John A. Hill**  Trustee 
 
Paul L. Joskow**  Trustee 
 
Kenneth R. Leibler**  Trustee 
 
Robert E. Patterson**  Trustee 
 
George Putnam, III**  Trustee 
 
W. Thomas Stephens**  Trustee 

 

  By: /s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz, as Attorney-in-Fact 
<R>   
  September 28, 2015 
</R>   
  ** Signed pursuant to power of attorney filed in Post- 
  Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Arizona and 
  New Jersey funds’ Registration Statement on September 
  28, 2012. 
  ** Signed pursuant to power of attorney filed in Post- 
  Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Massachusetts, 
  Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio funds’ Registration 
  Statement on September 28, 2012. 
  ** Signed pursuant to power of attorney filed in Post- 
  Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Pennsylvania 
  fund’s Registration Statement on September 28, 2012. 

 

C-17 

 



Exhibit Index 

 

Item 28 Exhibit

<R>

(b) Amended and Restated Bylaws dated as of October 17, 2014 for the Funds.

(c)(2) Portions of Bylaws Relating to Shareholders' Rights for the Funds.

(d)(2) Sub-Management Contract between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and Putnam Investments Limited dated February 27, 2014; schedule A amended as of November 20, 2014.

(e)(2)(ii) Schedule of Dealer Sales Contracts conforming in all material respects to the Form of Dealer Sales Contract filed as Exhibit (e)(2)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(e)(3)(ii) Schedule of Financial Institution Sales Contracts conforming in all material respects to the Form of Financial Institution Sales Contract filed as Exhibit (e)(3)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(g)(1) Master Custodian Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated January 1, 2007 for the Funds; Appendix A amended as of March 23, 2015.

(h)(1) Amended & Restated Investor Servicing Agreement – Open-End Funds with Putnam Investment Management, LLC and Putnam Investor Services, Inc. dated July 1, 2013 for the Funds; Appendix A amended as of November 20, 2014.

(h)(4) Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated January 1, 2007 for the Funds; Appendix A amended as of March 23, 2015.

(h)(6) Master Interfund Lending Agreement with the Trusts party thereto and Putnam Investment Management, LLC dated July 16, 2010 for the Funds; schedule A dated June 8, 2015; schedule B dated June 8, 2015.

(h)(7) Credit Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company and certain other lenders dated as of September 24, 2015 for the Funds.

(h)(8) Amended and Restated Uncommitted Line of Credit Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated as of September 24, 2015 for the Funds.

</R>

(j)(1) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania funds – PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

C-18 

 



(j)(2) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Arizona fund – KPMG LLP.

<R>

(m)(5)(ii) Schedule of Dealer Service Agreements conforming in all material respects to the Form of Dealer Service Agreement filed as Exhibit (m)(5)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(m)(6)(ii) Schedule of Financial Institution Service Agreements conforming in all material respects to the Form of Financial Institution Service Agreement filed as Exhibit (m)(6)(i) but which have not been filed as exhibits to the Registrants’ respective Registration Statements in reliance on Rule 483(d)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the Funds.

(n) Rule 18f-3 Plan dated November 1, 1999, as most recently amended September 18, 2015 for the Funds.

</R>

C-19 
EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT 2 b_teifex99h7.htm EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT b_teifex99h7.htm
EXECUTION COPY 
 

 
CREDIT AGREEMENT 
 
dated as of September 24, 2015, 
 
among 
 
EACH TRUST 
LISTED ON SCHEDULE 2 HERETO, 
 
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, 
 
and the other lending institutions party hereto, 
 
and 
 
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, 
 
 
 
 
in its capacity as Agent 
 

 
 
 
 

 
Putnam Investments Family of Funds 
 

 
 
 
 
Bryan Cave LLP 
1290 Avenue of the Americas 
New York, New York 10104-3300 

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS
    Page 
 
ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS    1 
SECTION 1.01.  Definitions  1 
SECTION 1.02.  Accounting Terms and Determination  14 
SECTION 1.03.  [Reserved]  15 
SECTION 1.04.  [Reserved]  15 
SECTION 1.05.  Affected Banks and Affected Borrowers  15 
ARTICLE II. THE CREDIT    15 
SECTION 2.01.  Commitments to Lend  15 
SECTION 2.02.  Notice of Borrowings  15 
SECTION 2.03.  Notice to Banks; Funding of Loans  16 
SECTION 2.04.  Loan Accounts; Notes; Records  16 
SECTION 2.05.  Mandatory Payments; Optional Prepayments  17 
SECTION 2.06.  Interest Rates  18 
SECTION 2.07.  Fees  19 
SECTION 2.08.  Termination and Reduction of Commitments  19 
SECTION 2.09.  General Provisions as to Payments  20 
SECTION 2.10.  Computation of Interest and Fees  22 
SECTION 2.11.  Withholding Tax Exemption  22 
SECTION 2.12.  Addition and Removal of Borrowers  24 
ARTICLE III. CONDITIONS  25 
SECTION 3.01.  Effectiveness  25 
SECTION 3.02.  All Borrowings  27 
ARTICLE IV. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES  28 
SECTION 4.01.  Existence and Power; Investment Company  28 
SECTION 4.02.  Authorization; Execution and Delivery, Etc  28 
SECTION 4.03.  Noncontravention  28 
SECTION 4.04.  Governmental Authorizations; Private Authorization  29 
SECTION 4.05.  Regulations T, U and X  29 
SECTION 4.06.  Non-Affiliation with Banks  29 
SECTION 4.07.  Subsidiaries  29 

 

- ii - 

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
    Page 
 
SECTION 4.08.  Financial Information  29 
SECTION 4.09.  Material Litigation  30 
SECTION 4.10.  ERISA  30 
SECTION 4.11.  Taxes  30 
SECTION 4.12.  Compliance  30 
SECTION 4.13.  Fiscal Year  31 
SECTION 4.14.  Full Disclosure  31 
SECTION 4.15.  Offering Document  31 
SECTION 4.16.  OFAC, Anti-Corruption and Other Regulations  31 
SECTION 4.17.  Title to Assets  32 
ARTICLE V. COVENANTS    32 
SECTION 5.01.  Information  32 
SECTION 5.02.  Payment of Obligations  33 
SECTION 5.03.  Maintenance of Insurance  33 
SECTION 5.04.  Conduct of Business and Maintenance of Existence  33 
SECTION 5.05.  Compliance with Laws  34 
SECTION 5.06.  Inspection of Property, Books and Records  34 
SECTION 5.07.  Indebtedness  34 
SECTION 5.08.  Liens  35 
SECTION 5.09.  Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets  35 
SECTION 5.10.  Use of Proceeds  36 
SECTION 5.11.  Compliance with Investment Policies and Restrictions  36 
SECTION 5.12.  Non-Affiliation with Banks  36 
SECTION 5.13.  Regulated Investment Company  36 
SECTION 5.14.  No Subsidiary  36 
SECTION 5.15.  ERISA  36 
SECTION 5.16.  Fiscal Year  36 
SECTION 5.17.  Margin Regulations  36 
SECTION 5.18.  Custodian; Administrator; Auditor  36 
SECTION 5.19.  Asset Coverage  36 

 

- iii - 

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
    Page 
 
SECTION 5.20.  Maximum Amount  36 
SECTION 5.21.  Restricted Payments  36 
SECTION 5.22.  OFAC, Anti-Corruption and Other Regulations  37 
SECTION 5.23.  Interfund Lending  37 
SECTION 5.24.  Further Assurances  38 
ARTICLE VI. DEFAULTS    38 
SECTION 6.01.  Events of Default  38 
SECTION 6.02.  Remedies  40 
ARTICLE VII. THE AGENT    40 
SECTION 7.01.  Appointment and Authorization  40 
SECTION 7.02.  Action by Agent  40 
SECTION 7.03.  Consultation with Experts  41 
SECTION 7.04.  Liability of Agent  41 
SECTION 7.05.  Indemnification  41 
SECTION 7.06.  Credit Decision  42 
SECTION 7.07.  Successor Agent  42 
SECTION 7.08.  Agent as Bank  42 
SECTION 7.09.  Distribution by Agent  42 
SECTION 7.10.  Withholding Tax  43 
ARTICLE VIII. CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES  43 
SECTION 8.01.  Additional Costs; Capital Adequacy  43 
SECTION 8.02.  Replacement Banks  44 
SECTION 8.03.  Change of Law  45 
SECTION 8.04.  Delinquent Banks  45 
ARTICLE IX. MISCELLANEOUS  46 
SECTION 9.01.  Notices  46 
SECTION 9.02.  No Waivers  47 
SECTION 9.03.  Expenses; Documentary Taxes; Indemnification  47 
SECTION 9.04.  Set Off  48 
SECTION 9.05.  Amendments and Waivers  49 

 

- iv - 

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 
(continued)

 

    Page 
 
SECTION 9.06.  Successors and Assigns  49 
SECTION 9.07.  Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction  52 
SECTION 9.08.  WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL  52 
SECTION 9.09.  Confidential Material  52 
SECTION 9.10.  USA Patriot Act  53 
SECTION 9.11.  Interest Rate Limitation  53 
SECTION 9.12.  Survival  53 
SECTION 9.13.  Limitation on Liability  53 
SECTION 9.14.  No Fiduciary Duty  54 
SECTION 9.15.  Miscellaneous  54 

 

Exhibits:

Exhibit A -  Form of Note 
Exhibit B -  Form of Notice of Borrowing/Repayment/Rollover Certificate 
Exhibit C -  Form of Compliance Certificate 
Exhibit D -  Form of Assignment and Acceptance 
Exhibit E -  Form of Joinder Agreement 
Exhibit F -  Form of Removal Notice 

 

Schedules:

 

Schedule 1 -  Addresses for Notices, Applicable Lending Offices, Commitment Amounts and 
  Commitment Percentages 
Schedule 2 -  List of Companies, Funds and Fiscal Year End Dates 
Schedule 3 -  Affected Banks and Affected Borrowers 

 

- v - 

 



CREDIT AGREEMENT 

 

CREDIT AGREEMENT, dated as of September [24], 2015, among each trust listed on Schedule 2 hereto, the Banks (as hereinafter defined) party hereto from time to time, and STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, as agent for the Banks (in such capacity, the “Agent”).

The parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I. 
DEFINITIONS 

 

SECTION 1.01. Definitions. The following terms, as used herein, have the following meanings:

Adjusted Net Assets” means with respect to each Borrower as at any date of determination and subject to Section 1.04 hereof, an amount equal to (a) the Asset Value of the Total Assets of such Borrower minus (b) the Total Liabilities of such Borrower that are not Senior Securities Representing Indebtedness. For purposes of calculating Adjusted Net Assets, the amount of any liability included in Total Liabilities shall be equal to the greater of (i) the outstanding amount of such liability and (ii) the fair market value of all assets pledged or otherwise segregated to secure such liability.

Advance” means (a) a loan or advance under the Bilateral Agreement, or (b) a Loan.

Advance Limit” means $200,000,000.

Adverse Claim” means any Lien or other right, claim, encumbrance or any other type of preferential arrangement in, of or on any Person’s assets or properties (including the segregation thereof or the deposit thereof to satisfy margin or other requirements) in favor of any other Person other than, in the case of a Borrower, Liens on the assets of such Borrower permitted under Section 5.08(a), (b) or (c).

Affected Bank” means any Bank with respect to which either such Bank or any of its Affiliates acts as an investment adviser or investment subadviser to one or more Borrowers.

Affected Borrower” means any Borrower for which a Bank or any of its Affiliates acts as an investment adviser or investment subadviser.

Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person (the “First Person”) any other Person that (a) is an “Affiliated Person” (within the meaning of the Investment Company Act) of such First Person, (b) is an “affiliate” (within the meaning of Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act, as amended) of such First Person, or (c) is a Control Affiliate of such First Person.

Aggregate Commitment Amount” means, as of any date, the aggregate of all Commitment Amounts as of such date. On the Effective Date, the Aggregate Commitment Amount is $392,500,000.



Agent” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

Agreement” means this Credit Agreement, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified.

Anti-Corruption Laws” means, with respect to any Person, all laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to such Person from time to time concerning or relating to bribery or corruption.

Applicable Percentage” means (a) with respect to each Restricted Borrower, 25%, and (b) with respect to each other Borrower 33 1/3%.

Applicable Law” means, with respect to any Person, any Law of any Authority, including, without limitation, all Federal and state banking or securities laws, to which such Person is subject or by which it or any of its property is bound.

Applicable Lending Office” means, initially, the office of each Bank designated as such on Schedule 1 attached hereto; thereafter such other office of such Bank, if any, located in the United States.

Applicable Rate” means, as of any day, 1.25% plus the higher of (a) the Federal Funds Rate as in effect on that day, and (b) the Overnight LIBOR Rate as in effect on that day.

Approved Borrowing Amount” means (a) $250,000 or an integral multiple of $50,000 in excess thereof, or (b) such lesser amount as shall be equal to the excess of the Aggregate Commitment Amount over the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all Loans.

Asset Value” means, as of any day of determination in respect of any asset of any Borrower, the Value of such asset computed by such Borrower in good faith in the manner such Value is required to be computed in accordance with the Pricing Procedures and Applicable Law, including, without limitation, the Investment Company Act; provided that (a) the Asset Value of any asset shall be net of such Borrower’s liabilities (other than any liability included in Total Liabilities) relating thereto, including without limitation all of such Borrower’s obligations to pay any unpaid portion of the purchase price thereof, and (b) with respect to any asset that is not valued on each Domestic Business Day, the Asset Value of such asset shall be deemed zero for purposes of this definition.

Assignee” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.06(c) hereof.

Assignment and Acceptance” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.06(c) hereof.

Authority” means any governmental or quasi-governmental authority (including the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, stock exchanges, the SEC and any accounting board or authority (whether or not a part of government) which is responsible for the establishment or interpretation of national or international accounting principles, in each case whether foreign or domestic), whether executive, legislative, judicial, administrative or any combination thereof, including, without limitation, any Federal, state, territorial, county, municipal or other government or governmental or quasi-governmental agency, arbitrator, board, body, branch,

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bureau, commission, corporation, court, department, instrumentality, master, mediator, panel, referee, system or other political unit or subdivision or other entity of any of the foregoing, whether domestic or foreign.

Authorized Signatory” means, with respect to each Borrower, any duly authorized officer or other authorized Person of such Borrower, provided that the Agent shall have received a manually signed certificate of an officer of such Borrower bearing a manual specimen signature of such officer or other Person and such officer or other Person shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Agent.

Bank” means each of State Street, each other lender named on the signature pages hereof, each Assignee which becomes a Bank pursuant to Section 9.06(c) hereof, and their respective successors.

Benefit Arrangement” means at any time an employee benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA which is not a Plan or a Multiemployer Plan and which is maintained or otherwise contributed to by any member of the ERISA Group.

Bilateral Agreement” means the letter agreement, dated July 6, 2010, regarding Putnam Funds Uncommitted Line of Credit, among State Street and the Borrowers, and the Loan Documents (as defined therein), as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, and as the same may be further amended, restated, supplemented, otherwise modified or refinanced and in effect from time to time.

Borrower” means a Company Borrower or a Series Borrower.

Borrowing Date” means a Domestic Business Day on which Loans are advanced hereunder as specified in a Notice of Borrowing delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 hereof.

Calculation Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(e) hereof.

Charter Documents” means, with respect to each Borrower, collectively, the Related Company’s declaration of trust and by-laws, and all other organizational or governing documents of such Borrower, in each case as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

Commitment” means the agreement of each Bank, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, to make Loans to each Borrower hereunder.

Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Bank, the amount set forth opposite the name of such Bank on Schedule 1 attached hereto, as such amount may be changed from time to time pursuant to Sections 2.08 or 9.06(c) hereof.

Commitment Percentage” means, with respect to each Bank, the percentage set forth opposite the name of such Bank on Schedule 1 attached hereto (as the same may be amended in accordance herewith) as such Bank’s percentage of the Aggregate Commitment Amount of all of the Banks.

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Company” means each trust listed as a “Company” on Schedule 2 hereto.

Company Borrower” means a Company that has no separate Series.

Confidential Material” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.09(a) hereof.

Control Affiliate” of a Person means (a) any other Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding with power to vote, greater than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such Person, (b) any other Person greater than 50% of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such Person, or (c) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other Person. For purposes of this defined term, “control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, and “controlling” and “controlled” shall have correlative meanings.

Covered Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.03(b) hereof.

Covered Taxes” means (i) any Taxes imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower under any Loan Document other than (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, or branch profits Taxes, in each case (1) imposed upon the Agent or any Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) by the jurisdiction under the laws of which the Agent or such Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) is organized or in which its principal office is located or through which it holds the Loans (or any political subdivision thereof), or (2) imposed as a result of a present or former connection between the Agent or any Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax other than a connection arising solely from the Agent or such Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations or received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document; (b) with respect to any Bank, U.S. federal withholding Taxes that are imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Bank with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or a Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (1) such Bank acquires such interest in the Loans or a Commitment (other than pursuant to an assignment request by any Borrower under Sections 2.09(c) or 8.02) or (2) such Bank changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2.09, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable to such Bank’s assignor immediately before such Bank became a party hereto or changed its lending office; (c) Taxes attributable to the Agent’s or such Bank’s failure to comply with Section 2.11 hereof; and (d) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA, (each of the Taxes referred to in clauses (a) through (d), collectively, “Excluded Taxes”), and (ii) to the extent not otherwise described in (i), any Other Taxes.

Custodian” means State Street Bank and Trust Company.

Custody Agreement” means, with respect to each Borrower, that certain Master Custodian Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, as amended by Amendment to Master Custodian Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2013, and that certain letter agreement, dated March

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23, 2015, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

Debt” of any Person means at any date, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money or similar extensions of credit (including, without limitation, in connection with any Interfund Loan or other loan or advance under the Bilateral Agreement), (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business and payable in accordance with customary practices, (d) all obligations of such Person as lessee which are or should be capitalized in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, (e) all obligations, of the type referred to in any other clause of this defined term, of others secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not any such obligation is assumed or Guaranteed by such Person, (f) all obligations of such Person under Guarantees, (g) all obligations to reimburse the issuer in respect of letters of credit or under performance or surety bonds, and other similar obligations, (h) all obligations of such Person in respect of monetary judgments, (i) all obligations of such Person in respect of banker’s acceptances and under reverse repurchase agreements, (j) all obligations of such Person in respect of Financial Contracts, in each case determined on a mark-to-market basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and (k) all obligations that are Senior Securities Representing Indebtedness of such Person.

Default” means, with respect to each Borrower, any condition or event which constitutes an Event of Default with respect to such Borrower or which with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default with respect to such Borrower.

Delinquent Bank” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(a) hereof.

Dollars” or “$” means dollars in lawful currency of the United States of America.

Domestic Business Day” means any day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which (a) commercial banks are open for the purpose of transacting business in Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York and (b) the New York Stock Exchange is open.

Effective Date” means the date this Agreement becomes effective in accordance with Section 3.01 hereof.

Electronic Platform” means an electronic system for the delivery of information (including, without limitation, documents), such as IntraLinks On-Demand Workspaces™, that may or may not be provided or administered by the Agent or an Affiliate thereof.

ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or any successor statute.

ERISA Group” means, with respect to each Borrower, a group of two or more Persons that includes such Borrower and all members of a controlled group of corporations and all trades

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or businesses (whether or not incorporated) under common control which, together with such Borrower, are treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Events of Default”, with respect to any Borrower, has the meaning set forth in Section 6.01 hereof.

Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as modified or interpreted by orders of the SEC, or other interpretative releases or letters issued by the SEC or its staff, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to be a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision.

Excluded Taxes” has the meaning set forth in the definition of Covered Taxes in this Section 1.01.

Existing Committed Agreement” means the $392,500,000 committed, unsecured credit facility extended to the Borrowers pursuant to that certain letter agreement, dated July 6, 2010, regarding Putnam Funds Committed Line of Credit, among State Street and the Borrowers, and the Loan Documents (as defined therein), as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified.

Failure” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(b) hereof.

FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Internal Revenue Code, as of the Effective Date (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with) and any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, and any intergovernmental agreements with respect to the implementation of Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Internal Revenue Code, including any law enacted in any other jurisdiction implementing such an intergovernmental agreement.

Federal Funds Rate” means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the higher of (a) 0.0%, and (b) the rate appearing on Bloomberg page BTMM as of 9:30 a.m. (Eastern time) as the “Federal Funds Ask Rate” (or, if such page is unavailable, on any successor or substitute page of such service, or any successor to or substitute for such service, providing rate quotations comparable to those currently provided on such page of such service), as determined by the Agent from time to time for purposes of providing quotations or, if such rate is not so published, an interest rate per annum equal to the quotation received by the Agent at approximately 9:30 a.m. (Eastern time) on such date from a Federal funds broker of recognized standing selected by the Agent in its reasonable discretion on overnight Federal funds transactions.

Financial Contract Liability” means, at any time, the net amount of the liability, if any, that a Person has under each Financial Contract to which such Person is a party, in each case determined on a mark-to-market basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Financial Contracts” means option contracts, options on futures contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on foreign currencies, foreign currency contracts, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, mortgage rolls, credit-linked notes,

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indexed securities, collateralized debt obligations, firm and standby commitment agreements, securities lending agreements, when-issued contracts and securities, swap, swaption, floor, cap, or collar agreements, other similar arrangements and other obligations that would be, but for the segregation of assets thereof, Senior Securities.

Fiscal Year End Date” means, with respect to each Borrower, the date set forth on Schedule 2 hereto adjacent to the name of the Related Fund with respect to such Borrower.

Foreign Bank” means (a) if the Borrower is a U.S. Person, a Bank that is not a U.S. Person, and (b) if the Borrower is not a U.S. Person, a Bank that is resident or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which such Borrower is resident for tax purposes.

Fund” means each Series of a Company set forth on Schedule 2 hereto.

Fund Vehicle” means a mutual fund, closed-end fund or other pooled-investment vehicle, whether or not registered under the Investment Company Act.

Fundamental Policy” means, with respect to any Borrower, any of such Borrower’s Investment Policies and Restrictions that may not be changed without the approval of the stockholders of such Borrower.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.02 hereof.

Government” means, with respect to any sovereignty, the government or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

Governmental Authorizations” means all franchises, permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations of all Authorities.

Governmental Filings” means all filings, including franchise and similar tax filings, and the payment of all fees, assessments, interests and penalties associated with such filing, with all Authorities.

Guarantee” by any Person means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Debt of any other Person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Debt (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, by agreement to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise) or (b) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Debt of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), provided that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.

Indebtedness” of any Person means at any date, without duplication, (a) all Debt of such Person, and (b) all Senior Securities issued by such Person.

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Interfund Lending Exemptive Order” means that certain exemptive order issued by the SEC on April 10, 2002 (Investment Company Act Release No. 25519) in the matter of Putnam American Government Income Fund, et al., providing exemptive relief permitting Interfund Loans pursuant to the terms of the application dated March 13, 2002 (Investment Company Act Release Nos. 25461, 812-10806).

Interfund Loan” means any loan by a Borrower or to a Borrower by a mutual fund, closed-end fund or other pooled-investment vehicle, whether or not registered under the Investment Company Act.

Internal Revenue Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder.

Investment Adviser” means Putnam Investment Management, LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware.

Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as modified or interpreted by orders of the SEC, or other interpretative releases or letters issued by the SEC or its staff, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to include a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision.

Investment Policies and Restrictions” means, with respect to each Borrower, the material provisions of the Offering Document (as delivered to the Agent on the Effective Date), and other documents dealing with such Borrower’s investment objectives, investment policies and strategies, and investment restrictions, as such objectives, policies, strategies and restrictions may be further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified in accordance with Applicable Law, including without limitation, the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act.

Joinder Agreement” means a joinder agreement in the form of Exhibit E, or in such other form as may be acceptable to the Agent in its sole and absolute discretion.

Law” means any action, code, consent decree, constitution, decree, directive, enactment, finding, guideline, law, injunction, interpretation, judgment, order, ordinance, policy statement, proclamation, promulgation, regulation, requirement, rule, rule of law, rule of public policy, settlement agreement, statute, or writ, of any Authority, or any particular section, part or provision thereof.

Liabilities” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05 hereof.

Lien” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest (statutory or other) or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset, or any preference, priority or other security or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever (including, without limitation, any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) with respect to such asset, including any agreement (other than this Agreement) preventing a Person from encumbering such asset.

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Loan Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Notes, the fee agreement (if any) described in Section 2.07(b) hereof, each Joinder Agreement, if any, each Removal Notice, if any, and any and all other documents and instruments required to be executed and delivered by any Borrower pursuant to this Agreement, in each case as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

Loans” means loans made or to be made to the Borrowers by the Banks pursuant to Section 2.03 hereof.

Managing Body” means (a) with respect to each Borrower, the Board of Trustees thereof, and (b) with respect to any other Person, the board of directors or other similar managing body thereof.

Margin Stock” has the meaning assigned to such term in Regulation U.

Material Adverse Effect” means, with respect to each Borrower, (a) a material adverse effect on the ability of such Borrower to fully perform its obligations under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, (b) a material adverse effect on the rights and remedies of the Agent and the Banks with respect to such Borrower under this Agreement or under any of the other Loan Documents, (c) a material adverse effect on the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents with respect to such Borrower, (d) a material adverse effect on the business, financial position, condition, operations, assets or properties of such Borrower, or (e) a Default.

Material Litigation” means, with respect to any Borrower, any action, suit, proceeding or investigation of any kind pending against, or threatened in writing against, the Related Company with respect to such Borrower, such Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof, or any property of such Related Company, such Borrower or any such Subsidiary, before any court or arbitrator or any other Authority which (a) would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (b) calls into question the validity or enforceability of, or otherwise seeks to invalidate, any Loan Document.

Maturity Date” means, with respect to any Loan, the earliest of (a) the 60th day following the date of the making of such Loan, (b) the Termination Date, or (c) the date such Loan otherwise becomes due in accordance with the terms hereof.

Maximum Amount” means, as at any date of determination with respect to any Borrower, an amount equal to the least of:

(a) the maximum amount of Debt that such Borrower would be permitted to incur pursuant to Applicable Law, including the Investment Company Act,

(b) the maximum amount of Debt that such Borrower would be permitted to incur pursuant to the limitations on borrowings in its Offering Document and its Investment Policies and Restrictions,

(c) in the event that such Borrower shall have entered into any agreement(s) with any Authority limiting the amount of Debt that such Borrower may create, incur,

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assume or suffer to exist, the maximum amount of Debt that such Borrower would be permitted to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist pursuant to such agreement(s), and

(d) the maximum amount of Debt that such Borrower would be permitted to incur without violating Section 5.19 hereof;

in each case, as in effect at such date of determination.

Multiemployer Plan” means at any time an employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which any member of the ERISA Group is then making or accruing an obligation to make contributions or has within the preceding five plan years made contributions, including for these purposes any Person which ceased to be a member of the ERISA Group during such five year period.

Note(s)” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.04(b) hereof.

Notice of Borrowing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(a) hereof.

Notice of Repayment” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.05(f) hereof.

Obligations” means, with respect to each Borrower, all indebtedness, obligations and liabilities of such Borrower to the Banks and the Agent, existing on the date of this Agreement or arising thereafter, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, arising or incurred under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or in respect of any of the Loans to such Borrower or any of the Notes made by such Borrower or other instruments at any time evidencing any thereof.

Offering Document” means, with respect to each Borrower, the prospectus of such Borrower filed with the SEC as part of such Borrower’s registration statement on Form N-1A or N-2, as amended (or any successor SEC form), and shall include, without limitation, the related statement of additional information included in such registration statement, and all amendments, restatements, supplements and other modifications thereto as of the Effective Date and as the same may be further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified in accordance with Applicable Law, including without limitation, the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except such Taxes described in subclause (2) of clause (a) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and that are imposed with respect to an assignment or grant of a participation (other than an assignment made pursuant to Sections 2.09(c) or 8.02).

Overnight LIBOR Rate” means, as of any day, the higher of (a) 0.0%, and (b) the rate appearing on the Reuters “LIBOR01” screen displaying interest rates for Dollar deposits in the London interbank market (or on any successor or substitute page on such screen) at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, as the rate for Dollar deposits in the London interbank

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market with a maturity of one LIBOR Business Day (as defined below), provided that in the event such rate does not appear on such screen (or on any successor or substitute page on such screen or otherwise on such screen), the “Overnight LIBOR Rate” shall be determined by reference to such other comparable publicly available service for displaying interest rates applicable to Dollar deposits in the London interbank market as may be reasonably selected by the Agent or, in the absence of such availability, by reference to the rate at which Dollar deposits of $1,000,000 in immediately available funds for a term of one LIBOR Business Day are offered by the principal office of the Agent to leading banks in the London interbank market at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, provided further that in the event such day is not a Domestic Business Day upon which interbank lending in Dollars is conducted in London (a “LIBOR Business Day”, then the Overnight LIBOR Rate shall be such rate as in effect on the immediately preceding LIBOR Business Day.

Participant” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.06(b) hereof.

Participant Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.06(b) hereof.

Patriot Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.10 hereof.

Permitted Merger(s)” shall mean (a) the merger or reorganization of one or more Funds with and into any other Fund, or (b) the merger or reorganization of any Series which is not a Fund with and into any Fund so long as such Fund is the survivor of such merger or reorganization; provided that, in the case of any such merger or reorganization pursuant to the foregoing clauses (a) or (b), (i) the relevant Borrower shall have provided written notice in reasonable detail to the Agent of its intention to effect such merger or reorganization, together with a revised Schedule 2 hereto reflecting such merger or reorganization, at least ten (10) Domestic Business Days prior to the effectiveness of such merger or reorganization, and (ii) no Default shall exist or result from such merger or reorganization.

Person” means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, an association, a trust or any other entity or organization, including a series or portfolio of any of the foregoing, or a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.

Plan” means at any time an employee pension benefit plan (other than a Multiemployer Plan) which is covered by Title IV of ERISA or subject to the minimum funding standards under Section 412 of the Internal Revenue Code and either (a) is maintained, or contributed to, by any member of the ERISA Group for employees of any member of the ERISA Group or (b) has at any time within the preceding five years been maintained, or contributed to, by any Person which was at such time a member of the ERISA Group for employees of any Person which was at such time a member of the ERISA Group.

Plan Assets” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(42) of ERISA.

Pricing Procedures” means, with respect to each Borrower, such Borrower’s pricing procedures for its investments, as such pricing procedures may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified in accordance with Section 5.04(c) hereof.

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Private Authorizations” means all franchises, permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations of all Persons (other than any Authority) including, without limitation, those of shareholders and creditors and those with respect to trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, computer software programs, technical and other know-how.

Pro-rata Share” means, with respect to each Borrower as of any date, the percentage equal to a fraction, the numerator of which is the Published NAV of such Borrower, and the denominator of which is the sum of all Published NAVs of all Borrowers.

Published NAV” means, with respect to any Borrower as of any date, the aggregate net asset value of such Borrower for the last day of the most recently completed calendar week that has been published by such Borrower.

Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.06(g) hereof.

Regulation T” means Regulation T of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as in effect from time to time, and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder and thereof.

Regulation U” means Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as in effect from time to time, and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder and thereof.

Regulation X” means Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as in effect from time to time, and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder and thereof.

Related Company” means (a) with respect to any Fund, the Company in respect of which such Fund is a Series, (b) with respect to any Series Borrower, the Company that is acting on behalf of and for the account of the Related Fund thereof that comprises such Series Borrower, and (c) with respect to any Company Borrower, the Company that comprises such Company Borrower.

Related Fund” means, with respect to any Company, each Fund that is a Series of such Company and set forth adjacent to the name of such Company on Schedule 2 hereto.

Removal Notice” means a removal notice in the form of Exhibit G, or in such other form as may be acceptable to the Agent in its sole and absolute discretion.

Replacement Bank” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.02 hereof.

Representatives” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.09(a) hereof.

Required Banks” means, at any time, Banks holding at least a majority of the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Loans at such time or, if no Loans are then outstanding, having at least a majority of the aggregate Commitment Amounts then in effect; provided that for purposes of determining Required Banks, each Delinquent Bank (including, without limitation, its Commitment Amount and Loans) shall be disregarded for so long as such Bank remains a

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Delinquent Bank (the foregoing, “Majority Banks”), provided further that at any time there is any Bank which, acting alone or together with any one or more Control Affiliates thereof that are also Banks, would otherwise constitute “Required Banks” (collectively, the “Affiliated Bank Group”) but constitute less than all Banks, “Required Banks” shall mean Majority Banks plus, in the event that Majority Banks would not otherwise include at least one Bank that is not a member of the Affiliated Bank Group (a “Non-affiliate Bank”), at least one Non-affiliate Bank.

Restricted Borrower” means, as of any date, any Borrower that makes or maintains one or more investments in one or more Fund Vehicles (other than “2a-7 funds”) the value of which investments, in the aggregate, exceed 10% of such Borrower’s Total Assets.

Restricted Payment” means, with respect to any Borrower (a) any dividend or other distribution by such Borrower (whether in cash, securities or other property) with respect to any shares, units or other equity interests issued by such Borrower, and (b) any payment (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, by such Borrower on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any such shares, units or other equity interests.

Revolving Credit Period” means the period from and including the Effective Date to but excluding the Termination Date.

Sanctions” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.16.

SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental authority of the United States of America at the time administering the Securities Act, the Investment Company Act or the Exchange Act.

Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as modified or interpreted by orders of the SEC, or other interpretative releases or letters issued by the SEC or its staff, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to be a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision.

Senior Security” has the meaning set forth in the first sentence of Section 18(g) of the Investment Company Act.

Senior Security Representing Indebtedness” has the meaning set forth in the first sentence of Section 18(g) of the Investment Company Act.

Series” means a separate series or portfolio of a Company.

Series Borrower” means a Company, acting on behalf of and for the account of a Related Fund thereof.

Specified Materials” means, with respect to each Borrower, collectively, all materials or information provided by or on behalf of such Borrower, as well as documents and other written materials relating to such Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other written

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materials or matters relating to the Loan Documents (including, without limitation, any amendment, restatement, supplement or other modification thereto).

State Street” means State Street Bank and Trust Company.

Subsidiary” means, with respect to a Person, any corporation or other entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the Managing Body thereof are at the time directly or indirectly owned by such Person.

Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.

Termination Date” means September 22, 2016, or such earlier date on which the Commitments terminate or are terminated pursuant to the terms hereof.

Threshold Amount” means, with respect to each Borrower as of any date, an amount equal to the lesser of $25,000,000 or 5% of the aggregate net asset value of such Borrower.

Total Assets” means, with respect to each Borrower at any date, all assets of such Borrower which in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles would be classified as assets upon a balance sheet of such Borrower prepared as of such date, valued in accordance with the Pricing Procedures, provided, however, that Total Assets shall not include (a) equipment of such Borrower, (b) securities owned by such Borrower which are in default (except to the extent that such Borrower is required or permitted to attribute a value thereto pursuant to the Investment Company Act, the Offering Document and the Investment Policies and Restrictions) or determined to be worthless pursuant to any policy of such Borrower’s Managing Body, and (c) deferred organizational and offering expenses.

Total Liabilities” means, with respect to each Borrower at any date, the sum of all liabilities of such Borrower which in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles would be classified as liabilities upon a balance sheet of such Borrower prepared as of such date, plus, without duplication, the aggregate amount of such Borrower’s Debt and Financial Contract Liability, provided, however, that Total Liabilities shall not include any liquidation preference of any preferred security issued by such Borrower.

U.S. Person” means any Person that is a “United States Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code.

Value” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2(a)(41) of the Investment Company Act.

SECTION 1.02. Accounting Terms and Determination. Unless otherwise specified herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted, all accounting determinations hereunder shall be made and all financial statements required to be delivered hereunder shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time to time in the United States of America (“Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”), with respect to each Borrower applied on a basis consistent (except for changes

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concurred in by such Borrower’s independent public accountants) with the most recent audited financial statements of such Borrower delivered to the Banks hereunder.

SECTION 1.03. [Reserved].

SECTION 1.04. [Reserved].

SECTION 1.05. Affected Banks and Affected Borrowers. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary, no Bank shall have the obligation to (a) make any Loan to any Borrower which, as of the date of such requested Loan, is an Affected Borrower with respect to such Bank, or (b) participate in, or purchase a participation in, any Loan made to any Borrower which, as of the date of the making of such Loan, was an Affected Borrower with respect to such Bank. Promptly after delivery of any notice by a Borrower, each Bank shall promptly notify the Agent whether or not such Bank has become, or ceased to be, an Affected Bank with respect to such Borrower and, promptly after receipt of such notice, the Agent shall promptly revise Schedule 3 hereto to appropriately reflect such information and circulate a copy thereof to each party hereto.

ARTICLE II. 
THE CREDIT 

 

SECTION 2.01. Commitments to Lend. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, each of the Banks severally agrees to make loans to each Borrower from time to time on any Domestic Business Day during the Revolving Credit Period up to a maximum aggregate principal amount outstanding at any one time to all Borrowers equal to such Bank’s Commitment Amount, provided that (a) the aggregate principal amount of all Loans outstanding to any one Borrower shall not at any time cause such Borrower to have an aggregate amount of Debt outstanding that is in excess of the Maximum Amount, in each case in effect at such time with respect to such Borrower, (b) the aggregate principal amount of all Loans outstanding to all Borrowers shall not at any time exceed the Aggregate Commitment Amount, and (c) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all Advances to such Borrower shall not exceed the Advance Limit. Each borrowing under this Section shall be in an aggregate principal amount equal to an Approved Borrowing Amount, and shall be made from the several Banks pro rata in accordance with each Bank’s Commitment Percentage. Each Loan shall mature and become due and payable as provided in Section 2.05 hereof.

SECTION 2.02. Notice of Borrowings. Each Borrower shall, with respect to each proposed borrowing hereunder, give the Agent a notice substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto (a “Notice of Borrowing”) not later than 12:00 p.m. (Eastern time) (or telephonic notice not later than 12:00 p.m. (Eastern time) confirmed in writing substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto not later than 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time)), in each case on the Domestic Business Day of such proposed borrowing by such Borrower, in each case specifying (a) whether such Borrower is a Restricted Borrower, (b) the date of such borrowing, which shall be a Domestic Business Day, and (c) the aggregate principal amount of such borrowing. Each Notice of Borrowing delivered by each Borrower shall constitute a representation and warranty by such Borrower that the conditions set forth in Section 3.02(b), (c) and (d) hereof have been satisfied on the date of such notice and will be satisfied on the date of such borrowing.

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SECTION 2.03. Notice to Banks; Funding of Loans. (a) Upon receipt of a Notice of Borrowing or an oral request for a borrowing in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof from any Borrower, the Agent shall promptly notify each Bank of the contents thereof and of such Bank’s ratable share (based on Commitment Percentages) of such borrowing. Such Notice of Borrowing or oral request shall not thereafter be revocable by such Borrower and shall obligate such Borrower to accept the Loans requested by it from the Banks on the date of such borrowing.

(b) Not later than 2:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Borrowing Date of each borrowing of Loans by a Borrower, each Bank shall make available its share of such borrowing, in Federal or other funds immediately available in Boston, to the Agent at its address referred to in Section 9.01 hereof. Unless the Agent determines that any applicable condition specified in ARTICLE III hereof has not been satisfied or waived, the Agent will make its share (in its capacity as a Bank) of such borrowing and the funds so received from the other Banks available to such Borrower at the Agent’s aforesaid address, on the date of the borrowing. The failure or refusal of any Bank to make available to the Agent as provided herein its share of any borrowing of Loans shall not relieve any other Bank from its several obligations hereunder.

(c) If any Bank makes a new Loan to a Borrower on a day on which such Borrower is to repay the principal amount of an outstanding Loan to such Bank, the Bank shall apply the proceeds of its new Loan to make such repayment and only an amount equal to the difference (if any) between the amount being borrowed and the amount being repaid shall be made available by the Agent as provided in clause (a) or remitted by such Borrower to the Agent for the account of such Bank as provided in Section 2.09 hereof, as the case may be.

(d) Unless the Agent shall have received notice from a Bank prior to any date of a borrowing that such Bank will not make available to the Agent such Bank’s share of such borrowing of Loans, the Agent may assume that such Bank has made such share available to the Agent on such date in accordance with Section 2.03(b) hereof and the Agent may (but it shall not be required to), in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower on such date a corresponding amount. If and to the extent that such Bank shall not have so made such share available to the Agent, such Bank and the Borrower severally agree to repay to the Agent, within three days after demand by the Agent, such amount together with interest thereon, for each day from the date such amount is made available to the Borrower until the date such amount is repaid to the Agent, at (i) in the case of the Borrower, a rate per annum equal to the interest rate applicable thereto pursuant to Section 2.06 hereof and (ii) in the case of such Bank, the Federal Funds Rate. If such Bank shall repay to the Agent such amount, such amount so repaid shall constitute such Bank’s Loan included in such borrowing for purposes of this Agreement. The provisions of this Section 2.03(d) hereof shall not relieve any such Bank from any liability to the Borrower.

SECTION 2.04. Loan Accounts; Notes; Records. (a) The Loans made by each Bank to each Borrower shall be evidenced by one or more loan accounts or records maintained by such Bank in the ordinary course of business. Each Borrower irrevocably authorizes each Bank to make or cause to be made, at or about the date of each Loan to such Borrower or at the time of receipt of any payment of principal of each such Loan, an appropriate notation on its loan accounts or records, including computer records, reflecting the making of such Loan or (as the

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case may be) the receipt of such payment. Subject to Section 9.06(g), the outstanding amount of the Loans set forth in any such loan accounts or records, including any computer records, maintained by a Bank with respect to the Loans made by it shall, absent manifest error, be prima facie evidence of the principal amount thereof owing and unpaid to such Bank, but the failure to record, or any error in so recording, any such amount on any such loan account or record shall not limit or otherwise affect the obligation of the Borrowers hereunder or under the other Loan Documents to make payments of principal of and interest on the Loans when due.

(b) Each Borrower hereby agrees that if, in the opinion of any Bank, a promissory note or other evidence of debt is required, appropriate or desirable to reflect or enforce the obligations of the Borrowers resulting from the Loans made, or to be made, by such Bank, then, upon request of such Bank, each Borrower shall promptly execute and deliver to such Bank, a promissory note (each, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, a “Note” and, collectively, the “Notes”) substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, payable to such Bank in an amount equal to such Bank’s Commitment Amount or, if less, the aggregate unpaid principal amount of such Bank’s Loans, plus interest thereon as provided below, provided, that as a condition to issuing any Note in replacement of a previously issued Note that has been lost, the Borrowers may require an indemnity with respect to lost instruments from such Bank, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Borrowers.

(c) Subject to Section 9.06(g), the Agent’s records with respect to the Loans, the interest rates applicable thereto, each payment by each Borrower of principal and interest on the Loans and fees, expenses and any other amounts due and payable in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall, absent manifest error, be prima facie evidence of the amount of the Loans and the amount of principal and interest paid by the Borrowers in respect of the Loans and as to the other information relating to the Loans and amounts paid and payable by the Borrowers hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, but the failure to record, or any error in so recording, any such amount on any such loan account or record shall not limit or otherwise affect the obligation of the Borrowers hereunder or under the other Loan Documents to make payments of principal of and interest or other amounts on the Loans when due.

SECTION 2.05. Mandatory Payments; Optional Prepayments. (a) Each Loan shall mature, and the principal amount thereof shall be due and payable, on the Maturity Date therefor. Each Borrower promises to pay on the Termination Date, and there shall become absolutely due and payable on the Termination Date, all of the Loans made to such Borrower outstanding on such date, together with all accrued and unpaid interest thereon and other amounts outstanding hereunder.

(b) If at any time any Borrower shall be in default of its obligations under Sections 5.19, 5.20 or 5.23 hereof, such Borrower shall immediately prepay the principal of one or more of its Loans (together with accrued interest thereon) and/or take such other actions, in each such case to the extent necessary so that immediately after giving effect to such prepayment and such other actions no such default would exist.

(c) If at any time the aggregate principal amount of Loans outstanding exceeds the Aggregate Commitment Amount, each Borrower shall immediately prepay such

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principal amount of one or more of its Loans (together with accrued interest thereon) as may be necessary (after giving effect to such prepayment and all other contemporaneous prepayments by all other Borrowers) to eliminate such excess.

(d) In the event that any Borrower shall have had, or would have, all or any portion of any one or more Loans outstanding during any period of sixty (60) consecutive days, such Borrower shall on such 60th day (or, if such day is not a Domestic Business Day, on the immediately preceding Domestic Business Day), prepay in full the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all Loans to such Borrower.

(e) If at any time the aggregate principal amount of Advances outstanding for any Borrower exceeds the Advance Limit, such Borrower shall immediately prepay such principal amount of one or more of its Loans (together with accrued interest thereon) as may be necessary (after giving effect to such prepayment and all other contemporaneous prepayments by all other Borrowers) to eliminate such excess and/or take such other actions, in each case to the extent necessary so that immediately after giving effect to such prepayment and such other actions, no such excess would exist.

(f) Each Borrower may, with notice to the Agent no later than 12:00 noon (Eastern time) on the Domestic Business Day of such payment (which notice shall not thereafter be revocable by such Borrower), prepay any Loans made to such Borrower in whole at any time, or from time to time in part in an aggregate principal amount not less than $250,000 or in larger integral multiples of $50,000, by paying the principal amount to be prepaid (together with accrued interest thereon to the date of prepayment).

(g) Each Borrower shall, with respect to each proposed repayment hereunder, give the Agent a notice substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto (a “Notice of Repayment”) on the date of, but prior to, each repayment or prepayment by such Borrower of all or any portion of any Loan, in each case specifying (1) the date of such repayment or prepayment, which shall be a Domestic Business Day, (2) the aggregate principal amount of such prepayment, and (3) the other information required by such Exhibit. Upon receipt of each Notice of Repayment, the Agent shall promptly notify each Bank of the contents thereof and of such Bank’s ratable share of such prepayment.

(h) Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 3.02 hereof, Loans prepaid prior to the Termination Date may be reborrowed prior to the Termination Date.

SECTION 2.06. Interest Rates. (a) Subject to Section 2.06(b) hereof, each Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof, for the period commencing with the date such Loan is made up to but not including the date such Loan is repaid in full, at a rate per annum equal to the Applicable Rate as in effect from time to time. Accrued and unpaid interest on each Loan shall be payable in arrears on (i) with respect to interest accrued during a calendar month, the fifteenth day of the immediately succeeding calendar month, and (ii) with respect to all accrued and unpaid interest, on the Termination Date.

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(b) All overdue amounts payable under the Loan Documents (including, without limitation, any overdue principal of the Loans (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), any overdue interest on the Loans and any overdue fees) shall bear interest, payable on demand, for each day from and including the date payment thereof was due to but not including the date of actual payment, at a rate per annum equal to the sum of two percent (2%) above the Applicable Rate until such amount shall be paid in full (after as well as before judgment). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in, but without duplication of anything in, this Section 2.06, with respect to each Borrower (i) upon the occurrence and during the continuance of (x) any Default with respect to such Borrower under Section 5.19 or 5.20 hereof, (y) any failure by such Borrower to pay when due all or any portion of any fee owing by such Borrower or the principal of or interest on any Loan to such Borrower, or (z) any Event of Default with respect to such Borrower under Section 6.01(g) or (h) hereof, the outstanding principal balance of the Loans to such Borrower shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) above the Applicable Rate, and (ii) upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default (other than as described in clause (i) immediately above) with respect to such Borrower, upon written notice from the Agent or Required Banks, the outstanding principal balance of the Loans to such Borrower shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) above the Applicable Rate.

(c) The Agent shall determine the interest rate applicable to the Loans hereunder and its determination thereof shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes in the absence of manifest error.

SECTION 2.07. Fees. (a) During the Revolving Credit Period, each Borrower shall pay to the Agent for the account of each Bank (other than a Delinquent Bank) its Pro-rata Share of a commitment fee at the rate of 0.16% per annum of the daily excess, if any, of such Bank’s Commitment Amount minus the aggregate outstanding principal balance of such Bank’s Loans. Such commitment fee shall accrue from and including the Effective Date to but excluding the Termination Date. Commitment fees accrued through the end of each calendar quarter shall be due and payable on the 15th day of the immediately succeeding calendar month, and all accrued and unpaid commitment fees shall be due and payable on the Termination Date.

(b) On the Effective Date and thereafter from time to time, each Borrower shall pay to the Agent, for its own account, such Borrower’s Pro-rata Share of such fee or fees as may have been agreed upon separately among the Borrowers and the Agent.

(c) On the Effective Date, each Borrower shall pay to the Agent for the account of each Bank such Borrower’s Pro-rata Share of a non-refundable up-front fee equal to 0.04% of such Bank’s Commitment Amount.

SECTION 2.08. Termination and Reduction of Commitments. (a) Each Bank’s Commitment Amount permanently shall reduce to $0 and each Bank’s Commitment shall terminate on the Termination Date.

(b) Subject to Section 2.05(c) hereof, during the Revolving Credit Period, the Borrowers may, upon at least three (3) Domestic Business Days’ prior written notice to the Agent, (i) terminate the Commitments at any time, or (ii) reduce from time to time the Aggregate

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Commitment Amount by an aggregate amount of $10,000,000 or integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof (provided that immediately after giving effect to any such termination and each such reduction, the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Loans would not exceed the Aggregate Commitment Amount), whereupon the Commitment Amounts of each of the Banks shall be reduced pro rata in accordance with their Commitment Percentages of the amount specified in such notice or, as the case may be, each Bank’s Commitment shall be terminated. Promptly after receiving any notice of the Borrowers delivered pursuant to this Section, the Agent will notify the Banks of the substance thereof. Upon the effective date of any such reduction or termination, each Borrower shall pay to the Agent for the respective accounts of the Banks such Borrower’s Pro-rata Share of the full amount of the commitment fee then accrued on the amount of the reduction. No reduction in the Commitment Amounts or termination of the Commitments may be reinstated.

SECTION 2.09. General Provisions as to Payments. (a) Each Borrower shall make each payment of principal and interest on its Loans and of fees payable by such Borrower hereunder and all other amounts due from such Borrower hereunder not later than 12:00 Noon (Eastern time), on the date when due, in Dollars and in immediately available funds, to, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Agent at its address referred to in Section 9.01 hereof. The Agent shall promptly distribute to each Bank its appropriate share of each such payment received by the Agent for the account of the Banks. Whenever any payment of principal of, or interest on, Loans or of fees shall be due on a day which is not a Domestic Business Day, the date for payment thereof shall be extended to the next succeeding Domestic Business Day and interest shall accrue during such extension. If the date for any payment of principal is extended by operation of law or otherwise, interest thereon shall be payable for such extended time.

(b) Unless the Agent shall have received notice from a Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due from such Borrower to the Banks hereunder that such Borrower will not make such payment in full, the Agent may assume that such Borrower has made such payment in full to the Agent on such date and the Agent may (but it shall not be required to), in reliance upon such assumption, cause to be distributed to each Bank on such due date an amount equal to the amount then due to such Bank. If and to the extent that such Borrower shall not have so made such payment, each Bank shall repay to the Agent forthwith on demand such amount distributed to such Bank together with interest thereon, for each day from the date such amount is distributed to such Bank until the date such Bank repays such amount to the Agent, at the Federal Funds Rate.

(c) All payments by each Borrower hereunder and under any of the other Loan Documents shall be made in Dollars without setoff or counterclaim and free and clear of and without deduction for any Taxes unless such Borrower is required by law (as reasonably determined in good faith by such Borrower) to make such deduction or withholding. If any Covered Taxes are required to be withheld with respect to any amount payable by any Borrower hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents, such Borrower will pay to the Agent, for the account of the Banks or the Agent, as the case may be, on the date on which such amount is due and payable hereunder or under such other Loan Document, such additional amount in Dollars as shall be necessary to enable the Banks or the Agent to receive the same net amount which the Banks or the Agent would have received on such due date had no such Covered Taxes been required to be withheld. Each Borrower will deliver promptly to the Agent certificates or

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other valid vouchers for all Taxes deducted from or paid with respect to payments made by such Borrower hereunder or under such other Loan Document. If any Borrower reasonably believes that such Covered Taxes were not correctly or reasonably asserted, the Agent and the Banks, as applicable, will use reasonable efforts to cooperate (at the sole cost and expense of such Borrower) with such Borrower to obtain a refund of such Taxes (which shall be repaid to such Borrower pursuant to the terms of Section 2.09(d), so long as such efforts would not, in the good faith determination of the Agent or any such Bank, result in any material additional costs, expenses or risks or be otherwise disadvantageous to it). Any Person claiming any amounts payable by any Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.09(c) agrees, promptly after written request by any affected Borrower, to use reasonable efforts (consistent with its internal policy of general applicability and legal and regulatory restrictions) to change the jurisdiction of its Applicable Lending Office if the making of such a change would avoid the need for, or reduce the amount of, any such amounts payable by such Borrower that may thereafter accrue and would not, in the reasonable judgment of such Bank, be otherwise disadvantageous to such Person.

(d) If any party determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified pursuant to this Section 2.09 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.09), it shall pay to the indemnifying party an amount equal to such refund, net of all out-of-pocket expenses of such indemnified party and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Authority with respect to such refund). Such indemnifying party, upon the request of such indemnified party, shall repay to such indemnified party the amount paid over pursuant to this paragraph (d) (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Authority) in the event that such indemnified party is required to repay such refund to such Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph (d), in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this paragraph (d) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This paragraph shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person.

(e) Each Borrower shall indemnify the Banks and the Agent, within 10 days after written demand on such Borrower therefor, for the full amount of any Covered Taxes (including Covered Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to additional amounts payable under this Section 2.09) payable or paid by such Bank or the Agent with respect to such Borrower or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment by such Borrower to such Bank or the Agent and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Covered Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability, delivered to such Borrower by a Bank or the Agent, shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error.

(f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 2.09(c) hereof, no Borrower will be required to make any additional payment to or for the account of any Bank with respect to any Covered Taxes under such Section (i) by reason of a breach by such

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Bank of any certification or representation set forth in any form furnished to such Borrower under Section 2.11 hereof, or (ii) by reason of such Bank’s failure to furnish under Section 2.11 hereof to such Borrower an original or an extension or renewal of any form required under Section 2.11 hereof, unless such Bank is exempt from furnishing such form pursuant to Section 2.11 hereof.

(g) Each Borrower hereby authorizes and irrevocably directs the Agent, at the Agent’s option at any time upon and following the due date for payment by such Borrower of any amounts under the Loan Documents, and without any further notice to or consent of such Borrower, to debit any account(s) of such Borrower with the Agent (in any capacity) and apply amounts so debited toward the payment of any such amounts due and owing under the Loan Documents. Notwithstanding such authorization and direction, such Borrower hereby further acknowledges and agrees that (a) the Agent shall have no obligation to so debit any such account(s) and shall have no liability whatsoever to such Borrower for any failure to do so, and (b) such Borrower shall fully retain the obligation under the Loan Documents to make all payments owing by such Borrower thereunder when due.

(h) Each Bank shall severally indemnify the Agent, within 10 days after demand therefor, for (i) any Covered Taxes attributable to such Bank (but only to the extent that a Borrower has not already indemnified the Agent for such Covered Taxes and without limiting the obligation of any Borrower to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Bank’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 9.06 relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Bank, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Agent in connection with any Loan Document, and any out-of-pocket expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Bank by the Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Bank hereby authorizes the Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Bank under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Agent to the Bank from any other source against any amount due to the Agent under this paragraph (h).

SECTION 2.10. Computation of Interest and Fees. All interest and fees hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days and paid for the actual number of days elapsed.

SECTION 2.11. Withholding Tax Exemption.

(a) In the event that a Borrower is a U.S. Person, each Bank that is not a Foreign Bank shall deliver to such Borrower (with a copy to the Agent) an original signed, properly completed IRS Form W-9 (or any successor form) certifying that such Bank is not subject to U.S. backup withholding tax, on or prior to the date on which such Bank becomes a “Bank” under this Agreement, promptly upon the obsolescence, expiration, or invalidity of any form previously delivered by such Bank, and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of any Borrower or the Agent.

(b) Any Bank that is a Foreign Bank and is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which a Borrower is resident

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for Tax purposes, or any Tax treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall deliver to such Borrower (with a copy to the Agent), at the time or times prescribed by Applicable Law or reasonably requested by such Borrower or the Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by Applicable Law as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, each Bank, if requested by a Borrower or the Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by Applicable Law or reasonably requested by such Borrower or the Agent, including without limitation, as will enable such Borrower or the Agent to determine whether or not the Agent or such Bank is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that a Borrower is a U.S. Person, each Foreign Bank shall deliver to such Borrower and the Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Bank becomes a “Bank” under this Agreement (and promptly upon the obsolescence, expiration or invalidity of any form or certificate previously delivered by such Foreign Bank or from time to time thereafter upon the request of such Borrower or the Agent, but only if such Foreign Bank is legally entitled to do so), whichever of the following is applicable:

(i) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable (or any successor form) claiming eligibility for benefits of an income Tax treaty to which the United States is a party that reduces or eliminates withholding Tax;

(ii) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or any successor form);

(iii) in the case of a Foreign Bank claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under section 881(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, (x) a certificate to the effect that such Foreign Bank is not (A) a “bank” within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code, (B) a “10 percent shareholder” of such Borrower within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code, or (C) a “controlled foreign corporation” receiving interest from a related person within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code and (y) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable (or any successor form);

(iv) in the case of a Foreign Bank claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under section 881(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, (x) a certificate to the effect that such Foreign Bank is not (A) a “bank” within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code, (B) a “10 percent shareholder” of such Borrower within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code, or (C) a “controlled foreign corporation” receiving interest from a related person within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code and (y) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable (or any successor form); or

(v) any other form prescribed by Applicable Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax duly completed together

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with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by Applicable Law to permit such Borrower and/or the Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made.

(c) If a payment made to a Bank under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Bank were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable), such Bank shall deliver to the Borrowers and the Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrowers or the Agent such documentation prescribed by Applicable Law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Internal Revenue Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by any Borrower or the Agent as may be necessary for such Borrower and the Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Bank has complied with such Bank’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this Section 2.11(c), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the Effective Date.

(d) Each Bank agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered pursuant to this Section 2.11 expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrowers and the Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so.

SECTION 2.12. Addition and Removal of Borrowers. (a) At any time and from time to time (but no more frequently than once per calendar quarter), the Borrowers may, at their sole cost, expense and effort, request that (i) one or more trusts be added as a “Company” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (each a “New Company”), and/or (ii) one or more Series of one or more Companies be added hereto as a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (each a “New Fund”), in each case by submitting to the Agent a proposed Joinder Agreement executed by each Borrower and by each New Company or each Related Company of each New Fund on behalf of and for the account of such New Fund and, upon the execution and delivery thereof by each Bank and the Agent, (x) each such New Company shall be deemed to be a “Company” for all purposes under the Loan Documents, (y) each such New Fund shall be deemed to be a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan Documents, and (z) Schedule 2 hereto shall be automatically amended and restated in the form of Schedule 2 to such Joinder Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, the parties hereto agree that each Bank and the Agent may (in its sole and absolute discretion) condition its execution and delivery of each proposed Joinder Agreement upon (1) such New Company or New Fund, as applicable satisfying its then-effective credit criteria, (2) the completion of its due diligence with respect to each such New Company or New Fund, (3) its receipt of such internal credit approval, acceptable lien search results, certificates, financial statements, opinions of counsel and other documents and information as such Bank or the Agent may require, (4) the payment of any fee charged by, or cost or expense of, the Agent, and (5) such other criteria as such Bank or the Agent may, in its sole and absolute discretion, choose.

(b) At any time and from time to time the Borrowers may elect to remove any Company (each a “Departing Company”) as a “Company” or any Fund (each a “Departing Fund”) as a “Fund”, in each case by submitting a Removal Notice executed by the Borrowers to

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the Agent, provided that such removal shall not be effective (i) until the “Removal Date” specified in such Removal Notice (which shall not be fewer than three (3) Domestic Business Days after the date of receipt of such Removal Notice by the Agent, unless the Agent shall otherwise agree in its sole and absolute discretion), and (ii) unless on or prior to such Removal Date, the Agent shall have received payment of the following through and including such Removal Date: (w) the outstanding principal balance of all Loans made to the Borrower or Borrowers composed of such Company or such Fund, (x) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (y) all fees and expenses owing under the Loan Documents by the Borrower or Borrowers composed of such Company or such Fund, and (z) all other monetary obligations owing under the Loan Documents by the Borrower or Borrowers composed of such Company or such Fund. Upon the effectiveness of a Removal Notice as herein provided, (I) each such Departing Company shall cease to be a “Company” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (other than such provisions thereof that by their terms survive the termination or other expiration thereof), each such Departing Fund shall cease to be a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (other than such provisions thereof that by their terms survive the termination or other expiration thereof), (II) the Related Company of each Departing Fund, acting on behalf of and for the account of each such Departing Fund, shall cease to be a “Borrower” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (other than such provisions thereof that by their terms survive the termination or other expiration thereof), and (III) Schedule 2 hereto shall be automatically amended and restated in the form of Schedule 2 to such Removal Notice.

ARTICLE III. 
CONDITIONS 

 

SECTION 3.01. Effectiveness. This Agreement shall become effective on the date that each of the following conditions shall have been satisfied (or waived in accordance with Section 9.05 hereof):

(a) receipt by the Agent of counterparts hereof signed by each of the parties hereto;

(b) receipt by the Agent for the account of each Bank, if requested by such Bank, of a duly executed Note dated on or before the Effective Date complying with the provisions of Section 2.04 hereof;

(c) receipt by the Agent of copies of the results of current lien searches (or the equivalent in the applicable jurisdictions), such results to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent;

(d) receipt by the Agent and the Banks of the legal opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, external counsel for the Borrowers, covering such matters relating to the transactions contemplated hereby as the Agent and the Banks may reasonably request;

(e) receipt by the Agent, with respect to each Borrower, of a certificate manually signed by an officer of such Borrower which is reasonably satisfactory to the Agent to the effect set forth in clause (d) of Section 3.02 hereof and, if such Borrower is submitting a Notice of Borrowing on the Effective Date, clauses (b) and (c) of Section 3.02 hereof, in each

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case with respect to such Borrower, such certificate to be dated the Effective Date and to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent;

(f) receipt by the Agent, with respect to each Borrower, of a manually signed certificate from the Clerk, Secretary or Assistant Secretary of such Borrower in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent and dated the Effective Date as to the incumbency of, and bearing manual specimen signatures of, the Authorized Signatories of such Borrower who are authorized to execute and take actions under the Loan Documents for and on behalf of such Borrower, and (1) certifying and attaching copies (or a website containing, or EDGAR reference to, such copies being certified) of (i) all Charter Documents (other than those delivered pursuant to Section 3.01(h) hereof), with all amendments, restatements, supplements or other modifications thereto, and (ii) the resolutions of such Borrower’s Managing Body authorizing the transactions contemplated hereby, and (2) certifying that the following have been posted to EDGAR with respect to, and under the name of, such Borrower: (i) the Offering Document and such material as accurately and completely sets forth all Investment Policies and Restrictions not reflected in the Offering Document, (ii) the investment management agreement between such Borrower and the Investment Adviser as then in effect, along with any other investment management or submanagement agreements to which such Borrower is a party as then in effect, (iii) the Custody Agreement with respect to such Borrower and (iv) such Borrower’s report(s) to shareholders referred to in Section 4.08(a) hereof;

(g) receipt by the Agent of a legal existence and good standing certificate for each Company from the jurisdiction of its formation, dated as of a recent date;

(h) receipt by the Agent, with respect to each Borrower, of a copy of the trust declaration of the Related Company of such Borrower, with all amendments, restatements, supplements or other modifications thereto, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of its formation;

(i) the Agent shall have completed its due diligence review with respect to each Borrower and the results of any such due diligence review are satisfactory in form and substance to the Agent;

(j) receipt by the Agent of all documents (including, without limitation, duly completed Forms FR U-1), opinions and instruments it may reasonably request prior to the execution of this Agreement relating to compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board and other governmental and regulatory authorities, the existence of each Borrower, the authority for and the validity and enforceability of this Agreement and the Notes, if any, and any other matters relevant hereto, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent;

(k) receipt by the Agent of a payoff letter and an irrevocable letter of direction in all respects satisfactory to the Agent to the effect that, or other evidence satisfactory to it that, all commitments in favor of each Borrower under, and all of the principal, interest, fees and other sums owing by such Borrower under, and all Liens, if any, securing the obligations of such Borrower in connection with, the Existing Committed Agreement shall have been terminated and satisfied in full, as the case may be; and

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(l) receipt by the Agent of payment of all (i) reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable fees and disbursements of special counsel for the Agent) then payable hereunder, and (ii) fees then payable hereunder or under a separate fee letter;

provided that this Agreement shall not become effective or be binding on any party hereto unless all of the foregoing conditions are satisfied not later than the date hereof. The Agent shall promptly notify the Borrowers and the Banks of the Effective Date, and such notice shall be conclusive and binding on all parties hereto.

SECTION 3.02. All Borrowings. The obligation of each Bank to make a Loan to a Borrower on the occasion of any borrowing is subject to the satisfaction of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 3.01 hereof (or such conditions being waived in accordance with Section 9.05 hereof) and the satisfaction of the following conditions:

(a) receipt by the Agent of a Notice of Borrowing from such Borrower as required by Section 2.02 hereof, along with all documents and information it may reasonably request to establish compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board, and receipt by such Bank of all such documents and instruments from the Agent;

(b) the fact that, immediately after such borrowing, (i) the aggregate amount of such Borrower’s outstanding Debt shall not exceed the Maximum Amount with respect to such Borrower, (ii) the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all Loans would not exceed the Aggregate Commitment Amount as in effect on such date, (iii) such Borrower would not have (or be expected to have) all or any portion of any Loans outstanding for sixty (60) or more consecutive days, and (iv) the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all Advances with respect to such Borrower shall not exceed the Advance Limit;

(c) the fact that, immediately before and after such borrowing, no Default with respect to such Borrower shall have occurred and be continuing;

(d) the fact that the representations and warranties of such Borrower contained in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall be true on and as of the date of such borrowing and with the same force and effect as if made on and as of such date (or, if any such representation or warranty is expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, as of such specific date); and

(e) with respect to that particular Bank only, no change shall have occurred in any law or regulation thereunder or interpretation thereof (other than a Failure) that in the reasonable opinion of such Bank would make it illegal for such Bank to make such Loan.

Each borrowing hereunder by a Borrower shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by such Borrower on the date of such borrowing as to the facts specified in clauses (b), (c) and (d) of this Section.

ARTICLE IV.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 

 

Each Borrower represents and warrants that:

 

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SECTION 4.01. Existence and Power; Investment Company. (a) The Related Company thereof is a trust formed under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation. The Related Company thereof is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation and has all trust powers and all authorizations and approvals required to carry on its business as now conducted. The Related Company thereof is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business, assets, and properties, including without limitation, the performance of such Borrower’s Obligations, requires such qualification, except where the failure to do so is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower.

(b) The Related Company thereof is an open-end (or, in the case of Putnam Mortgage Recovery Fund and any other Company so indicated on Schedule 2, a closed-end) management investment company registered as such under the Investment Company Act, such Borrower is a series thereof, and the outstanding shares of each class of its stock (i) have been validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable, (ii) have been duly registered under the Securities Act to the extent required, and (iii) have been sold only in states or other jurisdictions in which all filings required to be made under applicable state securities laws have been made, except where failure to make such filings would not have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower.

SECTION 4.02. Authorization; Execution and Delivery, Etc. The execution and delivery by such Borrower of this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents, and the performance by the Borrower of the Obligations, are within its trust powers, as applicable, and have been duly authorized by all requisite action by such Borrower. This Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents, and the other instruments, certificates and agreements contemplated hereby and thereby, have been duly executed and delivered by such Borrower, and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of such Borrower enforceable against such Borrower and its assets in accordance with their respective terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law).

SECTION 4.03. Noncontravention. Neither the execution and delivery by such Borrower of this Agreement, any other Loan Document, or any instrument, certificate or agreement referred to herein or therein, or contemplated hereby or thereby, nor the consummation of the transactions herein or therein contemplated, nor compliance with the terms, conditions and provisions hereof or thereof by such Borrower (a) conflicts with, or results in a breach or violation of, or constitutes a default under any of the Charter Documents of such Borrower, (b) conflicts with or contravenes (i) any Applicable Law with respect to such Borrower, (ii) any contractual restriction binding on or affecting such Borrower or any of its assets, or (iii) any order, writ, judgment, award, injunction or decree binding on or affecting such Borrower or any of its assets, (c) with or without satisfying any requirement for the giving of notice or the passage of time (or both), would result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, or permit the acceleration of any obligation or liability under, any contractual obligation or any agreement or document to which such Borrower is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (or to which any such obligation, agreement or document relates), or (d) result in any Adverse Claim upon any asset of such Borrower.

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SECTION 4.04. Governmental Authorizations; Private Authorization. Such Borrower has obtained all necessary Governmental Authorizations and Private Authorizations, and made all Governmental Filings necessary for the execution and delivery by such Borrower of, and the performance by such Borrower of its obligations under, this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents and the agreements, certificates and instruments contemplated hereby or thereby, and no Governmental Authorization, Private Authorization or Governmental Filing which has not been obtained or made, is required to be obtained or made by such Borrower in connection with the execution and delivery by such Borrower of, or the performance of its obligations under, this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents.

SECTION 4.05. Regulations T, U and X. The execution, delivery and performance by such Borrower of this Agreement, the Notes and the other Loan Documents and the transactions contemplated hereunder and thereunder will not (assuming all Federal Reserve Forms referred to in Article III shall have been executed and delivered by such Borrower and the appropriate Bank for retention in the files of such Bank) violate or be inconsistent with any provision of Regulation T, Regulation U or Regulation X.

SECTION 4.06. Non-Affiliation with Banks. Schedule 3 hereto sets forth each Affected Borrower, if any, with respect to each Bank.

SECTION 4.07. Subsidiaries. Such Borrower has no Subsidiaries, except that each Borrower shall be permitted to have one Subsidiary; provided that (i) such Subsidiary shall at all times be wholly-owned by such Borrower, (ii) such Subsidiary shall at no time have any Indebtedness for borrowed money, (iii) such Borrower shall at no time invest more than 25% of its assets in such Subsidiary, and (iv) such Subsidiary shall be managed by the Investment Adviser or a Control Affiliate thereof at all times.

SECTION 4.08. Financial Information. (a) (i) The most recent statement of assets and liabilities of such Borrower as of such Borrower’s Fiscal Year End Date, and the related statements of operations and changes in net assets for the fiscal year ended on such date, reported on by KPMG LLP or PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, as applicable, and set forth in such Borrower’s annual report for the fiscal year ended on such date, together with the notes and schedules thereto, (ii) as of the Effective Date, the most recent semi-annual statement of assets and liabilities of such Borrower, and the related statements of operations and changes in net assets for the fiscal period ended on such date, and set forth in such Borrower’s semi-annual report for the two fiscal quarters ended on such date, and (iii) each financial statement delivered by such Borrower to the Banks in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, in each case presents and will present fairly, in all material respects, in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (subject, in the case of interim financial statements, to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnotes), the financial position of such Borrower as of such date.

(b) Since the date of the semi-annual report with respect to such Borrower referred to in Section 4.08(a)(i) hereof, there has been no event or circumstance that has resulted in a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower.

(c) Each of the financial statements of such Borrower (whether audited or unaudited) delivered to the Banks under the terms of this Agreement fairly presents all material

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contingent liabilities in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to the absence of footnotes and year-end adjustments.

SECTION 4.09. Material Litigation. There is no Material Litigation with respect to such Borrower.

SECTION 4.10. ERISA. (a) Such Borrower is not a member of an ERISA Group and has no liability in respect of any Benefit Arrangement, Plan or Multiemployer Plan subject to ERISA.

(b) None of the following (individually or collectively) constitute a “prohibited transaction” within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code for which an exemption is not effective: (i) the execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Borrower, (ii) the incurrence by such Borrower of any obligation under the Loan Documents, (iii) the making of any Loan, (iv) the payment by such Borrower of any principal, interest, fee or other sum owing under the Loan Documents, or (v) the consummation of any other transaction with respect to such Borrower contemplated by the Loan Documents.

(c) No asset or other property of the Borrower constitutes Plan Assets.

SECTION 4.11. Taxes. Such Borrower has elected to be treated and qualifies as a “regulated investment company” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code. Such Borrower has timely filed all U.S. federal income Tax returns and all other material Tax returns which are required to be filed by it, if any, and has paid all Taxes due by such Borrower, except for any Taxes which are being contested in good faith by such Borrower by appropriate proceedings, with respect to which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles consistently applied, and the non-payment of which would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower, and the charges, accruals and reserves on the books of such Borrower in respect of Taxes, if any, are, in the reasonable opinion of such Borrower, adequate.

SECTION 4.12. Compliance. (a) The Related Company thereof and each Series thereof is in compliance with the Investment Company Act and the Securities Act except where (i) noncompliance therewith would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower, (ii) the necessity of compliance therewith is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, or (iii) exemptive relief or no-action relief has been obtained therefrom and remains in effect. Such Company and each Series thereof is in compliance with all other Applicable Laws, all applicable ordinances, decrees, requirements, orders and judgments of, and all of the terms of any applicable licenses and permits issued by, any Authority except where the necessity of compliance therewith is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or exemptive relief has been obtained therefrom and remains in effect or where non-compliance therewith would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower. Such Borrower is in compliance with all agreements and instruments to which it is a party or may be subject or to which any of its properties may be bound, in each case where the non-compliance therewith would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower. Such Borrower is in compliance in all material respects with all of its Investment Policies and Restrictions.

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(b) No Default with respect to such Borrower has occurred and is continuing.

(c) Such Borrower is not subject to any Applicable Law (other than the Investment Company Act) which limits (i) its ability to incur Debt, or (ii) the amount of Debt which may be incurred by such Borrower. Such Borrower has not entered into any agreement with any Authority limiting its ability to incur indebtedness.

SECTION 4.13. Fiscal Year. Such Borrower has a fiscal year which is twelve calendar months and, as of the Effective Date, ends on its Fiscal Year End Date of each year.

SECTION 4.14. Full Disclosure. All written information furnished by such Borrower to the Agent and to the Banks for purposes of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any transaction contemplated hereby or thereby was true and accurate in all material respects (taken as a whole) on the date as of which such information (taken as a whole) was stated or certified, and no such information contained any material misrepresentation or any omission to state therein matters necessary to make the statements made therein not misleading in any material respect in light of the circumstances in which such statements were made. Such Borrower has disclosed to the Agent in writing all facts (other than economic conditions, generally, or that are specific to the mutual funds industry) which, to the best of such Borrower’s knowledge after due inquiry (to the extent such Borrower can now reasonably foresee), may give rise to the reasonable possibility of a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower.

SECTION 4.15. Offering Document. The information set forth in the Offering Document of such Borrower and each report to stockholders of such Borrower, was, on the date thereof, true, accurate and complete in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in any material respect.

SECTION 4.16. OFAC, Anti-Corruption and Other Regulations. (a) None of the Related Company thereof, such Borrower, or any Subsidiary thereof, nor any trustee or director, other than an independent trustee or director, (as applicable), or officer of such Related Company, such Borrower or any such Subsidiary, nor, to such Borrower’s knowledge, any independent trustee or independent director, employee, agent or affiliate of such Related Company, such Borrower or any such Subsidiary is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by Persons that are (i) the subject or target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty's Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”) or (ii) located, organized or resident of a country, region or territory that is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions so as to result in a violation of Sanctions, (b) such Related Company, such Borrower and each Subsidiary thereof has implemented and maintains in effect policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by such Related Company, such Borrower and such Subsidiary and their respective trustees, directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions, and (c) such Related Company, such Borrower, each Subsidiary thereof and their respective trustees and directors (other than independent trustees and directors) and officers and, to the knowledge of the Borrower, its independent trustees and independent directors, employees and

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agents, are in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions in all material respects.

SECTION 4.17. Title to Assets. Such Borrower has good and marketable title to all its assets and other property, except where failure to have such title would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower.

ARTICLE V. 
COVENANTS 

 

Each Borrower agrees that, so long as any Bank has any Commitment hereunder or any amount payable by such Borrower under the Loan Documents remains unpaid:

SECTION 5.01. Information. Subject to Section 9.01 hereof, such Borrower will deliver to the Agent and each Bank:

(a) as soon as available and in any event within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year of such Borrower, a statement of assets and liabilities of such Borrower, including the portfolio of investments, as of the end of such fiscal year, and the related statements of operations and changes in net assets of such Borrower for such fiscal year, together with an audit report thereon issued by KPMG LLP or PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, as applicable, or other independent public accountants of nationally recognized standing;

(b) as soon as available and in any event within 60 days after the end of the first semi-annual period of each fiscal year of such Borrower, a statement of assets and liabilities of such Borrower, including the portfolio of investments, as of the end of such period, and the related statements of operations and changes in net assets of such Borrower for such period, all in reasonable detail, prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, consistently applied;

(c) simultaneously with the delivery of each set of financial statements referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above, a certificate of an Authorized Signatory of such Borrower in the form of Exhibit C stating whether any Default with respect to such Borrower exists on the date of such certificate and, if any Default then exists, setting forth the details thereof and the action which such Borrower is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto;

(d) promptly and in any event within (i) one (1) Domestic Business Day after any officer of such Borrower obtains knowledge of any Default with respect to such Borrower, if such Default is then continuing, a certificate of an Authorized Signatory of such Borrower setting forth the details thereof, and (ii) three (3) Domestic Business Days after such officer obtains knowledge of such Default, a certificate of an Authorized Signatory of such Borrower either (x) advising that such Default no longer exists, or (y) setting forth the action which such Borrower has taken, is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto;

(e) if, on any Domestic Business Day, (i) a Borrower shall not have delivered to the Agent either a written Borrowing Request or a written Notice of Repayment by 1:00 p.m.(Eastern time) on such Domestic Business Day, and (ii) all or any portion of any Loan to such Borrower shall be outstanding, then by 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on such Domestic Business

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Day such Borrower shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Agent a rollover certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto;

(f) promptly after the filing thereof, copies of all material reports, documents or other material information relating to the financial condition of such Borrower that are filed with the SEC, all proxy materials and copies of any material change to any Prospectus or registration statement;

(g) promptly upon any officer, trustee or director of such Borrower becoming aware of any Material Litigation, notice and a description thereof and copies of any filed complaint relating thereto; and

(h) from time to time such additional information regarding the financial position or business of such Borrower, as the Agent, at the request of any Bank, may reasonably request.

SECTION 5.02. Payment of Obligations. Such Borrower will pay and discharge, at or before maturity, all of such Borrower’s lawful obligations and liabilities that, if unpaid, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower, including, without limitation, Tax liabilities, except where the same may be contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, and will maintain, in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, appropriate reserves for the accrual of any of the same.

SECTION 5.03. Maintenance of Insurance. Such Borrower will maintain with financially sound and reputable insurance companies, policies with respect to its assets and property and business of such Borrower against at least such risks and contingencies (and with no greater risk retentions) and in at least such amounts as are required by the Investment Company Act and, in addition, as are customary in the case of registered open-end (or closed-end, as applicable) investment companies; and will furnish to the Banks, upon request, information presented in reasonable detail as to the insurance so carried.

SECTION 5.04. Conduct of Business and Maintenance of Existence. (a) Such Borrower will continue to engage in business of the same general type as now conducted by it as described in its Offering Document and as provided pursuant to its Investment Policies and Restrictions as in effect on the Effective Date.

(b) Except to the extent permitted by Section 5.09 hereof, the Related Company thereof will preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its existence as a trust under the laws of its state of organization and its rights, privileges and franchises necessary in the normal conduct of its business. The Related Company thereof will maintain in full force and effect its registration as an open-end (or closed-end, as applicable) management company under the Investment Company Act.

(c) Such Borrower will not amend, restate, supplement or otherwise modify any of its Charter Documents or its Pricing Procedures if such amendment, termination, supplement or modification would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower. Such Borrower will provide copies to the Agent of all amendments, restatements, supplements, and other modifications of any of its Charter

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Documents, in each case prior to the effective date of any such amendment, restatement, supplement, or other modification or, if not practicable, as soon as practicable (and in any event within two (2) weeks) thereafter. Such Borrower will comply in all material respects with its Pricing Procedures and its Charter Documents.

(d) Such Borrower will at all times place and maintain its investments in the custody of its Custodian.

SECTION 5.05. Compliance with Laws. The Related Company thereof and each Series thereof will comply in all respects with the Investment Company Act, all other Applicable Laws and the requirements of any Authority with respect thereto except where (i) non-compliance therewith would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to such Borrower, (ii) the necessity of compliance therewith is contested in good faith by such Borrower by appropriate proceedings, or (iii) exemptive relief or no-action relief has been obtained therefrom and remains in effect. Such Borrower will file all federal and other tax returns, reports and declarations (subject to applicable extensions) required by all relevant jurisdictions on or before the due dates for such returns, reports and declarations and will pay all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges as and when they become due (except those that are being contested in good faith by such Borrower and as to which such Borrower has established appropriate reserves on its books and records).

SECTION 5.06. Inspection of Property, Books and Records. Such Borrower will, or will cause its Custodian (on such Borrower’s behalf) to, keep proper books of account and records in which full, true and correct entries shall be made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities in accordance with Applicable Law, including the Investment Company Act, and will permit representatives of any Bank, at such Bank’s expense, to visit and inspect any of its offices, to examine and make abstracts from any of its books and records and to discuss its affairs, finances and accounts with its officers, employees and independent public accountants, all at such reasonable times and as often as may reasonably be desired.

SECTION 5.07. Indebtedness. Such Borrower will not create, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness other than:

(a) Debt arising under this Agreement, the Notes and the other Loan Documents;

(b) Debt in favor of its Custodian incurred for purposes of clearing and settling purchases and sales of securities or consisting of overnight extensions of credit from its Custodian in the ordinary course of business;

(c) Debt in respect of judgments or awards that have been in force for less than the applicable period for taking an appeal so long as such judgments and awards do not constitute an Event of Default with respect to such Borrower and so long as execution is not levied thereunder and in respect of which such Borrower (i) shall at the time in good faith be prosecuting an appeal or proceedings for review and in respect of which a stay of execution shall

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have been obtained pending such appeal or review or (ii) shall have obtained an unsecured performance bond, and Debt in respect of such unsecured performance bond;

(d) Debt (other than Debt for borrowed money) arising in connection with Financial Contracts, portfolio investments and investment techniques arising in the ordinary course of such Borrower’s business to the extent that such Debt is permissible under the Investment Company Act and other Applicable Law and consistent with such Borrower’s Investment Policies and Restrictions;

(e) prior to the Effective Date, Debt under the Existing Committed Agreement;

(f) Debt under the Bilateral Agreement; and

(g) Debt in respect of Interfund Loans.

SECTION 5.08. Liens. Such Borrower will not create, assume, incur or suffer to exist any Lien on any of its assets (including the income and profits thereof) in each case whether such asset is now owned or hereafter acquired, except (a) Liens of the Agent, on behalf of itself and the Banks, created by or pursuant to any of the Loan Documents, (b) Liens (other than non-possessory Liens which pursuant to Applicable Law are, or may be, entitled to take priority (in whole or in part) over prior, perfected, liens and security interests) for judgments or decrees, taxes, assessments or other governmental charges or levies the payment of which is not at the time required (subject to extensions) or is being contested in good faith, (c) Liens in favor of its Custodian granted pursuant to its Custody Agreement to secure obligations of such Borrower arising thereunder, (d) Liens created in connection with such Borrower’s portfolio investments (including Financial Contracts and reverse repurchase agreements), securities lending and investment techniques (and not for the primary purpose of borrowing money) to the extent permitted by the provisions of the Offering Document and the Investment Policies and Restrictions and (e) Liens securing Interfund Loans as contemplated by Section 5.23(d).

SECTION 5.09. Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets. Neither the Related Company thereof nor such Borrower will consolidate or merge with or into any other Person or reorganize its assets into another entity, nor will such Related Company or such Borrower sell, lease or otherwise transfer, directly or indirectly, all or any substantial part of its assets to any other Person (in each case, whether in one transaction or a series of related transactions), except (a) that each Series of such Company may sell its assets in the ordinary course of business as described in its Offering Document, and (b) Permitted Mergers.

SECTION 5.10. Use of Proceeds. Such Borrower shall use the proceeds of each Loan made to it solely (a) initially, to repay the Debt under the Existing Committed Agreement in full, and (b) thereafter, for temporary or emergency purposes (including, without limitation, the funding of redemptions and trade settlement).

SECTION 5.11. Compliance with Investment Policies and Restrictions. Such Borrower will at all times comply in all material respects with its Investment Policies and Restrictions, and will not make any investment, loan, advance or extension of credit inconsistent in any material respect with its Investment Policies and Restrictions.

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SECTION 5.12. Non-Affiliation with Banks. [Reserved]

SECTION 5.13. Regulated Investment Company. Such Borrower will maintain its status as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code at all times and will make sufficient distributions to qualify to be taxed as a “regulated investment company” pursuant to subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code.

SECTION 5.14. No Subsidiary. Except as contemplated by Section 4.07 hereof, such Borrower will not have at any time any Subsidiary.

SECTION 5.15. ERISA. Such Borrower will not become a member of any ERISA Group and will not have any liability in respect of any Benefit Arrangement, Plan or Multiemployer Plan subject to ERISA.

SECTION 5.16. Fiscal Year. Such Borrower will not change its fiscal year from that set forth in Section 4.13 hereof without prior written notice to the Agent.

SECTION 5.17. Margin Regulations. Such Borrower will not permit the making of any Loan to such Borrower or the use of the proceeds thereof to violate or be inconsistent with any provision of Regulation T, Regulation U or Regulation X.

SECTION 5.18. Custodian; Administrator; Auditor. Such Borrower will not change its administrator (other than to a control affiliate of Putnam Investment Management, LLC), auditor (other than to another “big four” firm) or Custodian.

SECTION 5.19. Asset Coverage. Such Borrower will not at any time permit the aggregate amount of its Total Liabilities that are Senior Securities Representing Indebtedness to exceed the Applicable Percentage of its Adjusted Net Assets.

SECTION 5.20. Maximum Amount. Such Borrower will not at any time permit the aggregate amount of its outstanding Debt to exceed the Maximum Amount for such Borrower.

SECTION 5.21. Restricted Payments. Such Borrower will not declare or make, or allow to be declared or made, any Restricted Payment, except:

(a) such Borrower may declare or make any Restricted Payment payable solely in shares of the common stock of the Borrower,

(b) such Borrower may declare or make any Restricted Payment if no principal of any Loan to such Borrower shall be outstanding,

(c) such Borrower may declare or make any Restricted Payment if, immediately before and after giving effect thereto, no Event of Default with respect to such Borrower shall exist or would occur,

(d) Restricted Payments to the extent required by Applicable Law, and

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(e) Restricted Payments to the extent required to enable such Borrower to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Sections 851-855 of the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise minimize or eliminate federal or state income or excise taxes payable by such Borrower.

SECTION 5.22. OFAC, Anti-Corruption and Other Regulations. Until all Obligations have been paid in full and the Commitments have been terminated, such Borrower hereby covenants and agrees as follows (a) to not, directly or, knowingly, indirectly use the proceeds of the Loans, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary thereof, joint venture partner or other Person, (i) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any Anti-Corruption Laws, (ii) to fund any activities or business of or with any Person, or in any country, region or territory that, at the time of such funding, is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions in each case so as to result in a violation of Sanctions, or (iii)in any other manner that would result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the Loans, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise); and (b) to maintain in effect and enforce policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance in all material respects by such Borrower, its Funds and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions.

SECTION 5.23. Interfund Lending. Such Borrower will not be or become either an obligor or an obligee in respect of any Interfund Loan at any time, other than in compliance with the following conditions and limitations:

(a) such Interfund Loan (i) is not otherwise prohibited by law, (ii) is conducted on terms and conditions in compliance in all respects with the Interfund Lending Exemptive Order, (iii) has been duly authorized by each party thereto, (iv) is not in contravention of such Borrower’s Offering Document, or any applicable law, rule or regulation, or any agreement to which such Borrower is a party or otherwise bound, including, without limitation, any agreement relating to any Interfund Loan, and (v) if borrowed by such Borrower, is deemed to be Debt of such Borrower for all purposes of this Agreement;

(b) such Borrower may not be a lender of an Interfund Loan at any time during which such Borrower has any Loan outstanding hereunder nor may such Borrower use the proceeds of any Loan to make an Interfund Loan;

(c) upon and during the continuance of any Default with respect to such Borrower, such Borrower will not make or permit any payment or prepayment of any Interfund Loan owing by such Borrower, unless such Borrower concurrently makes a pro rata payment or prepayment of any Loan owing by such Borrower; and

(d) if at any time a Borrower shall secure an Interfund Loan with collateral, such Borrower shall simultaneously therewith (i) in a manner reasonably acceptable to the Agent, equally and ratably secure its outstanding Loans, in the same manner and to the same extent as such Interfund Loan, (ii) to the extent reasonably required by the Agent, cause the lender of such Interfund Loan to enter into an intercreditor agreement with the Agent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, and (iii) execute and deliver, or cause to be

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executed and delivered, such other agreements (including amendments to the Loan Documents), documents, instruments, certificates, Forms FR U-1 and legal opinions as the Agent may reasonably require.

SECTION 5.24. Further Assurances. Such Borrower shall execute and deliver all such documents and instruments, and take all such actions, as the Agent may from time to time reasonably request with respect to the transactions contemplated hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents.

ARTICLE VI. 
DEFAULTS 

 

SECTION 6.01. Events of Default. If one or more of the following events

(“Events of Default”) shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to a Borrower:

(a) such Borrower shall fail to pay when due (whether at maturity or any accelerated date of maturity or any other date fixed for payment or prepayment) (i) any interest on any Loan to such Borrower or any fees or any other amount payable by such Borrower hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents within three (3) Domestic Business Days of the due date therefor, or (ii) any principal of any Loan to such Borrower; or

(b) such Borrower shall fail to observe or perform any covenant to be observed or performed by such Borrower and contained in Sections 5.01(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e), 5.04(b), 5.05, 5.07, 5.08, 5.09, 5.10, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 5.22 or 5.23 hereof; or

(c) such Borrower shall fail to observe or perform any covenant or agreement to be observed or performed by such Borrower contained in this Agreement or any Loan Document (other than those covered by clauses (a) or (b) of this Section) and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of thirty (30) days; or

(d) any representation, warranty, certification or statement made (or deemed made) by such Borrower in this Agreement or any other Loan Document or in any certificate, financial statement or other document delivered pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made (or deemed made); or

(e) such Borrower shall fail to make any payment in respect of any Debt of such Borrower in an aggregate principal amount in excess of the Threshold Amount for such Borrower when due (after giving effect to any applicable grace period); or

(f) any default or other similar event shall occur with respect to Debt of such Borrower in excess of the Threshold Amount for such Borrower or Debt of such Borrower under the Bilateral Agreement which (i) results in the acceleration of the maturity of such Debt, (ii) enables the holder of such Debt or any Person acting on such holder’s behalf to accelerate the maturity thereof, or (iii) in the case of Debt arising under a Financial Contract, enables the other party thereto to terminate such Financial Contract; or

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(g) the Related Company thereof or any Series thereof shall seek the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property, or shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to itself or any of its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property, or shall consent to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it, or the Related Company thereof or any Series thereof shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally (or admit in writing its inability) to pay its debts as they become due, or shall take any action to authorize any of the foregoing; or

(h) an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against the Related Company thereof or any Series thereof seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of sixty (60) days; or an order for relief shall be entered against the Related Company thereof or any Series thereof under the federal bankruptcy laws (or any comparable Applicable Law) as now or hereafter in effect; or

(i) a judgment or order for the payment of money in excess of the Threshold Amount (after giving effect to applicable insurance coverage) for such Borrower shall be rendered against such Borrower and such judgment or order shall continue unsatisfied or unstayed for a period of thirty (30) days; or

(j) the Investment Adviser shall cease to be the investment adviser to such Borrower unless the successor thereto (A) is a Control Affiliate thereof, or (B) is acceptable to the Agent and the Required Banks, each in its or their sole and absolute discretion; or

(k) the investment adviser of such Borrower shall (i) consolidate with or merge into any other Person, unless it is the survivor or such other Person is a Control Affiliate thereof, or (ii) sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets; or

(l) the Investment Adviser shall fail to be a Control Affiliate of Great-West Lifeco Inc., without the consent of the Agent and the Required Banks, each in its or their sole and absolute discretion; or

(m) the suspension of registration of such Borrower’s shares or the commencement of any proceeding for such purpose; or

(n) any Fundamental Policy of such Borrower is changed (other than pursuant to a Permitted Merger of one or more Funds into another Fund, pursuant to which the Fundamental Policies of one of such Funds become the Fundamental Policies of the surviving Fund);

then, and in every such event, the Agent shall (i) if requested by Banks constituting Required Banks by notice to the Borrower terminate the Commitments with respect to such Borrower, and

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they shall thereupon terminate (and such Borrower shall not thereafter have any right to borrow any Loan), and (ii) if requested by Banks constituting Required Banks by notice to such Borrower declare such Borrower’s Loans (together with accrued interest thereon) to be, and such Loans (together with accrued interest thereon and all other sums owing by such Borrower under the Loan Documents) shall thereupon become, immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrowers; provided that in the case of any of the Events of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of this Section with respect to such Borrower, automatically without any notice to any Borrower or any other act by the Agent or any Bank, the Commitments with respect to such Borrower shall thereupon terminate (and such Borrower shall not thereafter have any right to borrow any Loan) and such Borrower’s Loans (together with accrued interest thereon and all other sums owing by such Borrower under the Loan Documents) shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by such Borrower.

SECTION 6.02. Remedies. No remedy herein conferred upon the Banks is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy and each and every remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every other remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or by statute or any other provision of law.

ARTICLE VII. 
THE AGENT 

 

SECTION 7.01. Appointment and Authorization. Each Bank irrevocably appoints and authorizes the Agent to take such action as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under this Agreement, the Notes and the other Loan Documents as are delegated to the Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with all such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Any reference to an agent for the Banks in, or in connection with, any Loan Document shall be a reference to the Agent.

SECTION 7.02. Action by Agent. The duties and responsibilities of the Agent hereunder are only those expressly set forth herein. The relationship between the Agent and the Banks is and shall be that of agent and principal only, and nothing contained in this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents shall be construed to constitute the Agent as a trustee for any Bank. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Agent shall not be required to take any action with respect to any Default except as expressly provided in Article VI. The Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any Default with respect to a Borrower unless and until notice describing such Default is given to the Agent by such Borrower or a Bank.

SECTION 7.03. Consultation with Experts. The Agent may consult with legal counsel, independent public accountants and other experts selected by it and shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the advice of such counsel, accountants or experts. The Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by the Agent. The Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Covered Persons. The exculpatory provisions of this Article shall apply to any such sub-agent

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and to the Covered Persons of the Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the credit facilities provided for herein as well as activities as Agent.

SECTION 7.04. Liability of Agent. Neither the Agent nor any of its directors, officers, agents or employees shall be liable to a Bank for any action taken or not taken by it in connection herewith (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Banks or (ii) except to the extent of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final nonappealable judgment, in connection therewith. Neither the Agent nor any of its directors, officers, agents or employees shall be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain, inquire into or verify (a) any statement, warranty or representation made in connection with this Agreement or any borrowing hereunder; (b) the performance or observance of any of the covenants or agreements of any Borrower; (c) the satisfaction of any condition specified in Article III, except receipt of items required to be delivered to it; or (d) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, the Notes, the other Loan Documents or any other instrument or writing furnished in connection herewith or therewith. The Agent shall not incur any liability by acting in reliance upon any notice, consent, certificate, statement or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine or to be signed by the proper party or parties. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of the Banks, the Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to the Banks unless the Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from a Bank within a reasonable period of time prior to the making of such Loan.

SECTION 7.05. Indemnification. Each Bank shall, ratably in accordance with its Commitment Percentage (or, if the Commitments shall have expired or terminated, its Commitment Percentage as in effect immediately prior to such expiration or termination), indemnify the Agent and its Affiliates, officers, directors and employees (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrowers) for all claims, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, penalties, actions, judgments and expenses and disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel (collectively, the “Liabilities”) that such Person may suffer or incur in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any action taken or omitted by such Person hereunder or thereunder, provided that no Bank shall have any obligation to indemnify any such Person against any Liabilities that are determined in a final, nonappealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from such Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, provided, however, that no action taken or not taken in accordance with the directions of the Required Banks shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Section.

SECTION 7.06. Credit Decision. Each Bank acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Agent or any other Bank, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Bank also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Agent or any other Bank, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking any action under this Agreement.

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SECTION 7.07. Successor Agent. The Agent may resign at any time by giving at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice thereof to the Banks and the Borrowers. Upon any resignation of the Agent, the Required Banks shall have the right to appoint a successor Agent with, if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the prior written consent of the Borrowers, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. If no successor Agent shall have been so appointed by the Required Banks within 30 days after the retiring Agent gives notice of resignation, then the retiring Agent may, on behalf of the Banks, appoint a successor Agent, which shall be a commercial bank organized or licensed under the laws of the United States of America or of any State thereof and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. Upon the acceptance by an eligible Person of its appointment as successor “Agent” hereunder, such successor Agent shall thereupon succeed to and become vested with all the rights and duties of the retiring Agent, and the retiring Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder. After any retiring Agent’s resignation hereunder as Agent, the provisions of this Article shall inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Agent.

SECTION 7.08. Agent as Bank. In its individual capacity, State Street and any other Bank that serves as a successor Agent hereunder shall have the same obligations and the same rights, powers and privileges in respect of its Commitment and the Loans made by it as it would have were it not also the Agent.

SECTION 7.09. Distribution by Agent. If in the opinion of the Agent the distribution of any amount received by it in such capacity hereunder, under the Notes or under any of the other Loan Documents might involve it in liability, it may refrain from making such distribution until its right to make such distribution shall have been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction. If a court of competent jurisdiction shall adjudge that any amount received and distributed by the Agent is to be repaid, each Person to whom any such distribution shall have been made shall either repay to the Agent its proportionate share of the amount so adjudged to be repaid or shall pay over the same in such manner and to such Persons as shall be determined by such court.

SECTION 7.10. Withholding Tax. To the extent required by any Applicable Law, the Agent may withhold from any interest payment to any Bank an amount equivalent to any applicable withholding Tax. If the Internal Revenue Service or any Authority of the United States or other jurisdiction asserts a claim that the Agent did not properly withhold Tax from amounts paid to or for the account of any Bank (because the appropriate form was not delivered, was not properly executed, or because such Bank failed to notify the Agent of a change in circumstances that rendered the exemption from, or reduction of, withholding Tax ineffective, or for any other reason), such Bank shall indemnify the Agent (to the extent that the Agent has not already been reimbursed by the Borrower and without limiting the obligation of the Borrower to do so) fully for all amounts paid, directly or indirectly, by the Agent as Tax or otherwise, including penalties and interest, together with all expenses incurred, including legal expenses, allocated staff costs and any out of pocket expenses.

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ARTICLE VIII.
CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES 

 

SECTION 8.01. Additional Costs; Capital Adequacy. (a) If any new law, rule or regulation, or any change after the date hereof in the interpretation or administration of any Applicable Law, rule or regulation by any governmental authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or compliance by any Bank or its Applicable Lending Office with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) of any such authority, central bank or comparable agency in connection therewith issued, promulgated or enacted after the date hereof shall:

(i) subject any Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) to any Tax with respect to its Loans, its Note or its Commitment, in each case with respect to any Borrower, or shall change the basis of taxation of payments to any Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) by such Borrower of the principal of or interest on its Loans or any other amounts due under this Agreement or its Commitment, in each case except for any (A) Covered Tax, or (B) Tax described in clauses (a)(2), (b), (c), or (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes; or

(ii) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve (including, without limitation, any such requirement imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), special deposit, insurance assessment or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended by, any Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) or shall impose on any Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) any other condition affecting its Loans, its Note or its Commitment, in each case with respect to such Borrower; or

(iii) impose on any Bank any other conditions or requirements with respect to this Agreement, the other Loan Documents, the Loans or such Bank’s Commitment, in each case with respect to such Borrower;

and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to such Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) of making, funding, issuing, renewing, extending or maintaining any Loan to such Borrower or such Bank’s Commitment in favor of such Borrower, or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Bank (or its Applicable Lending Office) from such Borrower under this Agreement or under its Note with respect thereto, by an amount deemed by such Bank to be material, then, promptly upon demand by such Bank (and in any event within thirty (30) days after demand by such Bank) and delivery to such Borrower of the certificate required by clause (c) of this Section (with a copy to the Agent), such Borrower shall pay to such Bank the additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Bank for such increased cost or reduction.

(b) If any Bank shall determine that any change after the date hereof in any existing Applicable Law, rule or regulation or any new law, rule or regulation regarding liquidity or capital adequacy, or any change therein, or any change after the date hereof in the interpretation or administration thereof by any governmental authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or any new request or directive of general applicability regarding liquidity or capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of law) of any such authority, central bank or comparable agency issued,

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promulgated or enacted after the date hereof, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on capital of such Bank (or its parent corporation) as a consequence of such Bank’s Loans to a Borrower or obligations to such Borrower hereunder to a level below that which such Bank (or its parent corporation) could have achieved but for such law, change, request or directive (taking into consideration its policies with respect to liquidity and capital adequacy) by an amount deemed by such Bank to be material, then from time to time, promptly upon demand by such Bank (with a copy to the Agent) (and in any event within thirty (30) days after demand by such Bank) such Borrower shall pay to such Bank such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Bank (or its parent corporation) for such reduction.

(c) Each Bank will promptly notify each Borrower and the Agent of any event of which it has knowledge, occurring after the date hereof, which will entitle such Bank to compensation from such Borrower pursuant to this Section and, upon the written request of the Borrowers, will designate a different Applicable Lending Office if such designation will avoid the need for, or reduce the amount of, such compensation and will not, in the judgment of such Bank, be otherwise disadvantageous to such Bank. A certificate of any Bank claiming compensation under this Section and setting forth in reasonable detail the additional amount or amounts to be paid to it hereunder and the calculations used in determining such additional amount or amounts shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. In determining such amount, such Bank may use any reasonable averaging and attribution methods.

(d) Failure or delay on the part of any Bank to demand compensation pursuant to this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Bank’s right to demand such compensation; provided that the Borrowers shall not be required to compensate a Bank pursuant to this Section for any increased costs or reductions incurred more than nine months prior to the date that such Bank notifies the Borrowers of the change giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Bank’s intention to claim compensation therefor; provided further that, if the change giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the nine month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof.

SECTION 8.02. Replacement Banks. Upon the election of any Bank to request reimbursement by a Borrower for amounts due under Section 8.01 or Section 2.11 hereof, or in the case of a Delinquent Bank, the Borrowers may find a replacement Bank which shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Agent and the Borrowers (a “Replacement Bank”). Each Bank agrees that, should it be identified for replacement pursuant to this Section 8.02, it will promptly execute and deliver (against payment to such Bank of all sums owing to it under the Loan Documents, whether or not then due) all documents and instruments reasonably required by the Borrowers to assign such Bank’s Loans and Commitment to the applicable Replacement Bank.

SECTION 8.03. Change of Law. For the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, for all purposes of this Agreement, (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, regulations, guidelines, interpretations or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith (whether or not having the force of law) and (ii) Basel III and all requests, rules, regulations, guidelines, interpretations or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign

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regulatory authorities (whether or not having the force of law), shall in each case be deemed to be a change in law regardless of the date enacted, adopted, issued, promulgated or implemented.

SECTION 8.04. Delinquent Banks. (a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, any Bank that (i) willfully does not or (ii) does not (or has announced in writing it will not) as a result of a Failure (as defined below) (A) make available to the Agent its pro rata share of any Loan, or (B) comply with the provisions of Section 9.04 hereof with respect to making dispositions and arrangements with the other Banks, where such Bank’s share of any payment received, whether by setoff or otherwise, is in excess of its pro rata share of such payments due and payable to all of the Banks, in each case as, when and to the full extent required by the provisions of this Agreement, shall be deemed delinquent (a “Delinquent Bank”) and shall be deemed a Delinquent Bank until such time as such delinquency is satisfied. A Delinquent Bank shall be deemed to have assigned any and all payments due to it from the Borrowers, whether on account of outstanding Loans, interest, fees or otherwise, to the remaining nondelinquent Banks for application to, and reduction of, their respective pro rata shares of all outstanding Loans, interest, fees and other amounts. Each Delinquent Bank hereby authorizes the Agent to distribute such payments to the nondelinquent Banks in proportion to their respective pro rata shares of all outstanding Loans. A Delinquent Bank shall be deemed to have satisfied in full a delinquency when and if, as a result of application of the assigned payments to all outstanding Loans of the nondelinquent Banks, the Banks’ respective pro rata shares of all outstanding Loans have returned to those in effect immediately prior to such delinquency and without giving effect to the nonpayment causing such delinquency. The provisions of this Section 8.04 shall not affect the rights of the Borrowers against any such Delinquent Bank.

(b) For purposes of this Section 8.04, a “Failure” of a Bank shall mean (i) it shall seek the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property, or shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to itself or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property, or shall consent to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it, or (ii) it makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally to pay its debts as they become due, or shall take any corporate or trust action, as applicable, to authorize any of the foregoing, or (iii) an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against it seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it, or (iv) an order for relief shall be entered against it under the bankruptcy laws as now or hereafter in effect, or (v) such Bank or its corporate parent has publicly announced that it will not be satisfying its funding obligations generally.

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ARTICLE IX.
MISCELLANEOUS 

 

SECTION 9.01. Notices. (a) All notices, requests, consents and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including facsimile transmission or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or facsimile number set forth on Schedule 1 attached hereto or by approved electronic communication in accordance with Section 9.01(b). Each such notice, request, consent or other communication shall be deemed to have been given when received. Notices delivered through electronic communications, to the extent provided in paragraph (b) below, shall be effective as provided in said paragraph (b).

(b) Notices made by the Borrowers consisting of requests for loans or notices of repayments hereunder or items referred to in Sections 5.01(a), (b), (c), (d) and (f) hereof may be delivered or furnished by e-mail or other electronic communication (including internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Agent, unless the Agent, in its discretion, has previously notified the Borrowers otherwise. In furtherance of the foregoing, each Bank hereby agrees to notify the Agent in writing, on or before the date such Bank becomes a party to this Agreement, of such Bank’s e-mail address to which a notice may be sent (and from time to time thereafter to ensure that Agent has on record an effective e-mail address for such Bank). Each of the Agent and the Borrowers may, in its discretion, agree to accept other notices and communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. None of the Agent, any Bank, nor any of the directors, officers, employees, agents or Affiliates of the Agent or any Bank shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

(c) Unless the Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to the Agent or any Bank at an e-mail address thereof shall be deemed to have been given when received, and (ii) if agreed to pursuant to paragraph (b), above, financial and other information posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient, at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i), of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that, for both clauses (i) and (ii) above, if such notice, email or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Domestic Business Day for the recipient.

(d) Any party hereto may change its address, facsimile number or e-mail address for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto.

(e) Each Borrower hereby acknowledges that: (i) the Agent may make available to the Banks Specified Materials by posting some or all of the Specified Materials on an Electronic Platform approved by the Borrowers; (ii) the distribution of materials and information through an electronic medium is not necessarily secure and that there are

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confidentiality and other risks associated with any such distribution, (iii) the Electronic Platform is provided and used on an “As Is,” “As Available” basis; and (iv) neither the Agent nor any of its Affiliates warrants the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, sufficiency or sequencing of the Specified Materials posted on the Electronic Platform. The Agent, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, expressly and specifically disclaims, with respect to the Electronic Platform, delays in posting or delivery, or problems accessing the specified materials posted on the electronic platform, and any liability for any losses, costs, expenses or liabilities that may be suffered or incurred in connection with the Electronic Platform. No representation or warranty of any kind, express, implied or statutory, including any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of third party rights or freedom from viruses or other code defects, is made by the Agent or any of its Affiliates in connection with the Electronic Platform.

(f) Each Bank hereby agrees that notice to it in accordance with this Section 9.01 specifying that any Specified Materials have been posted to the Electronic Platform shall, for purposes of this Agreement, constitute effective delivery to such Bank of such Specified Materials.

(g) Each Bank: (i) acknowledges that the Specified Materials, including information furnished to it by any Borrower or the Agent pursuant to, or in the course of administering, the Loan Documents, may include material, non-public information concerning the Borrowers or their securities; and (ii) confirms that: (A) it has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of material, non-public information; and (B) it will handle such material, non-public information in accordance with such procedures and Applicable Laws, including federal and state securities laws.

SECTION 9.02. No Waivers. No failure or delay by the Agent or any Bank in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder or under any Notes shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

SECTION 9.03. Expenses; Documentary Taxes; Indemnification. (a)(i) Each Borrower shall promptly pay its Pro-rata Share of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Agent, including reasonable fees and disbursements of special counsel for the Agent, in connection with the preparation, negotiation and closing of this Agreement and the Loan Documents, the syndication of and the administration of the facility established hereby, and any termination hereof or thereof, (ii) each Borrower shall promptly pay all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Agent, including reasonable fees and disbursements of special counsel for the Agent, in connection with any waiver or consent hereunder requested by such Borrower or any amendment of any Loan Document requested by such Borrower or any waiver of any Default or alleged Default with respect to such Borrower, and (iii) if an Event of Default with respect to a Borrower occurs, such Borrower shall promptly pay all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Agent and each Bank, including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel (but, absent conflicts of interest, only a single counsel for all Banks other than the Agent), in connection with such Event of Default and collection, bankruptcy, insolvency and other enforcement proceedings resulting therefrom.

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(b) Each Borrower agrees to indemnify the Agent, each Bank, and each of their Affiliates, and the officers, directors and employees of the Agent each Bank and each such Affiliate (each, a “Covered Person”) and hold each Covered Person harmless from and against such Borrower’s Pro-rata Share (except to the extent attributable to a particular Borrower, in which case only such Borrower shall be obligated under this paragraph (b)) of any and all claims, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, penalties, actions, judgments and expenses and disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel (collectively, the “Liabilities”) which may be incurred by or asserted or awarded against such Covered Person, in each case arising out of or in connection with any investigative, administrative or judicial proceeding (whether or not such Covered Person shall be designated a party thereto) relating to or arising out of this Agreement or the Loan Documents or any actual or proposed use of proceeds of Loans hereunder, provided that no Covered Person shall have the right to be indemnified hereunder for Liabilities that (i) are determined in a final, nonappealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from such Covered Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, or (ii) result from a claim brought by a Borrower, the Agent or any Bank against a Covered Person for breach in bad faith of such Covered Person’s obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if such Borrower, the Agent or such Bank has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. This Section 9.03(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, etc. arising from any non-Tax claim. Payments under this Section 9.03 shall be made by a Borrower to the Agent for the benefit of the relevant Covered Person.

SECTION 9.04. Set Off. During the continuance of any Event of Default with respect to a Borrower, any deposits or other sums credited by or due from any of the Banks or their respective Affiliates to such Borrower and any of such Borrower’s property in the possession of any such Bank or an Affiliate of such Bank may be applied to or set off by such Bank or Affiliate against the payment of the Obligations of such Borrower, provided that such Bank has given Agent prior written notice of such set off. Each of the Banks agrees with each other Bank that if such Bank shall receive from any Borrower whether by voluntary payment, exercise of the right of set off, counterclaim, cross action, or enforcement of a claim based on the Obligations owing to such Bank by proceedings against such Borrower at law or in equity or by proof thereof in bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation, receivership or similar proceedings, or otherwise, and shall retain and apply to the payment of the Obligations owing to such Bank by such Borrower any amount in excess of its ratable portion of the payments received by all of the Banks with respect to the Obligations owed by such Borrower to all of the Banks, such Bank will make such disposition and arrangements with the other Banks with respect to such excess, either by way of distribution, pro tanto assignment of claims, subrogation or otherwise as shall result in each Bank receiving in respect of the Obligations owing to it by such Borrower its proportionate payment thereof as contemplated by this Agreement; provided that if all or any part of such excess payment is thereafter recovered from such Bank, such disposition and arrangements shall be rescinded and the amount restored to the extent of such recovery, but without interest.

SECTION 9.05. Amendments and Waivers. Any provision of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents may be amended, waived, supplemented or otherwise modified if, but only if, contained in a written agreement signed by the Borrowers and the Required Banks; provided that no such agreement shall (i) increase the Commitment Amount of any Bank

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without the written consent of such Bank, (ii) reduce the principal amount of any Loan, or reduce the rate of any interest, or reduce any fees, payable under the Loan Documents, without the written consent of each Bank affected thereby, (iii) postpone the Termination Date or the date of any payment for any Loan or any interest or any fees payable under the Loan Documents, or reduce the amount of, waive or excuse any such payment, or postpone the stated termination or expiration of the Aggregate Commitment Amount, without the written consent of each Bank affected thereby, (iv) change any provision hereof in a manner that would alter the pro rata sharing of payments required hereby or the pro rata reduction of Commitment Amounts required hereby, without the written consent of each Bank affected thereby, (v) change any of the provisions of this Section or the definition of the term “Required Banks” or any other provision hereof specifying the number or percentage of Banks required to waive, amend, supplement or otherwise modify any rights hereunder without the written consent of each Bank, or (vi) change the currency in which Loans are to be made or payment under the Loan Documents is to be made, or add additional borrowers, in each case without the written consent of each Bank, provided further that no such agreement shall amend, modify or otherwise affect the rights or duties of the Agent without the prior written consent of the Agent. No delay or omission on the part of any Bank or any holder hereof in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of such right or of any other rights of such Bank or such holder, nor shall any delay, omission or waiver on any one occasion be deemed a bar or waiver of the same or any other right on any further occasion.

SECTION 9.06. Successors and Assigns. (a) The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, except that no Borrower may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under the Loan Documents without the prior written consent of all of the Banks (and any attempted assignment or transfer by such Borrower without such consent shall be null and void).

(b) Any Bank may at any time grant to one or more commercial banks (each a “Participant”) participating interests in its Commitment or all of its Loans. In the event of any such grant by a Bank of a participating interest to a Participant, whether or not upon notice to the Borrowers and the Agent, such Bank shall remain responsible for the performance of its obligations hereunder, and the Borrowers and the Agent shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Bank in connection with such Bank’s rights and obligations under this Agreement. Any agreement pursuant to which any Bank may grant such a participating interest shall provide that such Bank shall retain the sole right and responsibility to enforce the obligations of the Borrowers hereunder, including, without limitation, the right to approve any amendment, restatement, supplement or other modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such participation agreement may provide that such Bank will not agree to any amendment, restatement, supplement or other modification or waiver of this Agreement described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi) of Section 9.05 hereof without the consent of the Participant. Each Borrower agrees that each Participant shall, to the extent provided in its participation agreement, be entitled to the benefits of Article VIII with respect to its participating interest; provided that no Participant shall be entitled to receive an amount greater than its pro rata share of any amount the selling Bank would have received hereunder had no participation been sold. An assignment or other transfer which is not permitted by clauses (c) or (d) of this Section shall be given effect for purposes of this Agreement only to the extent of a participating

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interest granted in accordance with this Section 9.06(b). Each Bank that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrowers, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant’s interest in the Notes or other obligations under this Agreement (the “Participant Register”); provided that no Bank shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any Commitments, Loans or its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such Commitment, Loan or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations, or is otherwise required thereunder. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register shall be treated as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Agent (in its capacity as Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.

(c) Subject to Section 9.06(f) hereof, any Bank may at any time assign to one or more financial institutions (each an “Assignee”) all, or a proportionate amount of at least $25,000,000 of all, of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the Notes, and such Assignee shall assume such rights and obligations, pursuant to an Assignment and Acceptance (each an “Assignment and Acceptance”) in substantially the form of Exhibit D attached hereto (or in such other form acceptable to the Agent) executed by such Assignee and such transferor Bank, with, if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the written consent of each Borrower, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, and of the Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; provided that no such consent of any Borrower or the Agent shall be required if the Assignee is a Control Affiliate of the transferor Bank. Upon acceptance and recording of an Assignment and Acceptance pursuant to Section 9.06(h) hereof, from and after the effective date specified therein, (A) the assignee thereunder shall be a party hereto and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Acceptance, have the rights and obligations of a Bank under this Agreement and (B) the assigning Bank thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Acceptance, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Acceptance covering all or the remaining portion of an assigning Bank’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Bank shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 8.01 and 9.03 hereof, as well as to any fees accrued for its account and not yet paid). Upon the consummation of any assignment pursuant to this Section 9.06(c) hereof, the transferor Bank, the Agent and the Borrowers shall make appropriate arrangements so that, if required, new Notes are issued to the Assignor and the Assignee. In connection with each such assignment, the transferor Bank shall pay to the Agent an administrative fee for processing such assignment in the amount of $5,000. If the Assignee is not organized under the laws of the United States of America or a state thereof, it shall, prior to the first date on which interest or fees are payable hereunder for its account, deliver to each Borrower and the Agent the tax forms required by Section 2.11 hereof. The Assignee shall, prior to the date of consent of the Borrower to the assignment deliver to the Borrower and the Agent a certification as to exemption from deduction or withholding of any Taxes in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof (and thereafter shall be subject to the requirements thereof).

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(d) Without notice to or consent of any Person, any Bank may at any time assign all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement, its Note, and the other Loan Documents to a Federal Reserve Bank. No such assignment shall release the transferor Bank from its obligations hereunder.

(e) No Assignee, Participant or other transferee of any Bank’s rights shall be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 8.01 hereof than such Bank would have been entitled to receive with respect to the rights transferred, unless such transfer is made with the Borrowers’ prior written consent.

(f) No Person may become an Assignee pursuant to clause (c) above unless such Person constitutes a “bank” (as such term is used in Section 18(f)(1) of the Investment Company Act) in the reasonable judgment of each Borrower and the Agent. No Person may become an Assignee pursuant to clause (c) above if that Person is an Affiliate of any Borrower.

(g) The Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrowers, shall maintain at one of its offices in Boston, Massachusetts a copy of each Assignment and Acceptance delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Banks, and the Commitment Amounts of, and principal amounts of, and stated interest on, the Loans owing to, each Bank pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and the Borrowers, the Agent and the Banks shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Bank and the owner of the amounts owing to it under the Loan Documents as reflected in the Register for all purposes of the Loan Documents, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrowers and the Banks at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.

(h) Upon its receipt of a duly completed Assignment and Acceptance executed by an assigning Bank and an assignee, an administrative questionnaire (in such form as supplied by the Agent) completed in respect of the assignee (unless the assignee shall already be a Bank hereunder), the administrative fee referred to in Section 9.06(c) hereof and, if required, the written consent of the Borrowers and the Agent to such assignment and any applicable tax forms, the Agent shall (i) accept such Assignment and Acceptance, (ii) record the information contained therein in the Register, and (iii) revise Schedule 1 to reflect such Assignment and Acceptance and circulate such revised Schedule 1 to the Banks and the Borrowers, which revised Schedule 1 shall be deemed to be a part hereof and shall be incorporated by reference herein. No assignment shall be effective unless it has been recorded in the Register as provided in this Section 9.06(h).

SECTION 9.07. Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction. This Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents are contracts under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall for all purposes be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to conflict of laws principles that would require the application of the laws of another jurisdiction. Each Borrower hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of any Commonwealth of Massachusetts court or Federal court of the United States of America sitting in Boston, Massachusetts, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or

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proceeding arising out of or relating to the Loan Documents whether sounding in contract, tort, equity or otherwise, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and the service of process in any suit being made upon it by mail at the address specified in Section 9.01 hereof, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such Commonwealth of Massachusetts court or, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, in such Federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect any right that the Agent or any Bank may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or the other Loan Documents against any Borrower, or any of its property, in the courts of any jurisdiction.

SECTION 9.08. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH OF THE BORROWERS, THE AGENT AND THE BANKS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Except to the extent prohibited by law, each Borrower hereby waives any right it may have to claim or recover in any litigation referred to in the preceding sentence any special, exemplary, punitive, indirect or consequential damages or any damages other than, or in addition to, actual damages. Each Borrower (a) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of any Bank or the Agent has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such Bank or the Agent would not, in the event of litigation, seek to enforce the foregoing waivers and (b) acknowledges that the Agent and the Banks have been induced to enter into this Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party by, among other things, the waivers and certifications contained herein.

SECTION 9.09. Confidential Material. (a) Each Bank agrees that any information, documentation or materials provided by each Borrower or such Borrower’s Affiliates, trustees, directors, officers, employees, agents or representatives (“Representatives”) disclosing the portfolio holdings of such Borrower or disclosing other non-public information in relation to this Agreement or the other Loan Documents (“Confidential Material”), whether before or after the date of this Agreement, shall be treated confidentially, using the same degree of care that such Bank uses to protect its own similar material.

(b) Confidential Material may be disclosed to Representatives of each Bank in connection with the transactions contemplated herein or in connection with managing the relationship of such Bank or its Affiliates with such Borrower but shall not be disclosed to any third party and may not be used for purposes of buying or selling securities, including shares issued by such Borrower; provided, however, that the Banks may disclose Confidential Material to (i) the Federal Reserve Board pursuant to applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board (which, as of the Effective Date, require a filing of a list of all Margin Stock which directly or indirectly secures a Loan), (ii) the extent required by statute, rule, regulation or judicial process, (iii) counsel for any of the Banks or the Agent in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, (iv) bank examiners, regulators, auditors and accountants, or (v) any Assignee or Participant (or prospective Assignee or Participant) as long as such Assignee or Participant (or prospective Assignee or Participant) first agrees to be

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bound by the provisions of this Section 9.09. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section, any information that would, but for this sentence, constitute Confidential Material shall cease to be Confidential Material after the second anniversary of the date such information was first received by the Agent or any Bank.

SECTION 9.10. USA Patriot Act. Each Bank that is subject to the Patriot Act (as hereinafter defined) and the Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Bank) hereby notifies each Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the “Patriot Act”), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies such Borrower, which information includes the name and address of such Borrower and other information that will allow such Bank or the Agent, as applicable, to identify such Borrower in accordance with the Patriot Act.

SECTION 9.11. Interest Rate Limitation. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time the interest rate applicable to any Loan, together with all fees, charges and other amounts that are treated as interest on such Loan under Applicable Law (collectively the “charges”), shall exceed the maximum lawful rate (the “maximum rate”) that may be contracted for, charged, taken, received or reserved by the Bank holding such Loan in accordance with Applicable Law, the rate of interest payable in respect of such Loan hereunder, together with all of the charges payable in respect thereof, shall be limited to the maximum rate and, to the extent lawful, the interest and the charges that would have been payable in respect of such Loan but were not payable as a result of the operation of this Section shall be cumulated, and the interest and the charges payable to such Bank in respect of other Loans or periods shall be increased (but not above the maximum rate therefor) until such cumulated amount, together with interest thereon at the Federal Funds Rate to the date of repayment, shall have been received by such Bank.

SECTION 9.12. Survival. The provisions of Sections 7.05 and 9.03 hereof and ARTICLE VIII shall survive and remain in full force and effect regardless of the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the repayment of the Loans, the expiration or other termination of the Commitments or the termination of any Loan Document or any provision thereof.

SECTION 9.13. Limitation on Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Loan Documents (a) neither any of the members of the Managing Body of any Borrower (collectively, the “Members”) nor any shareholders or other equity holders of any Borrower (collectively, the “Shareholders”) nor any managers or officers of any Borrower (collectively, the “Officers”) shall have any personal liability whatsoever to any of the Banks or the Agent under any of the Loan Documents, (b) the Banks and the Agent shall look solely to the assets of each Borrower for the payment of any debt, damage, judgment or decree, or for any money that may otherwise become due or payable to any of them by such Borrower under any of the Loan Documents, and (c) all dealings, undertakings and obligations of the Members and/or the Shareholders and/or the Officers under the Loan Documents shall be deemed to have been made subject to the foregoing limitations; provided however that nothing contained herein shall limit, restrict, prevent or otherwise prohibit the Agent or any Bank from pursuing any claim or cause of action which it may now or hereafter have against any Member or Shareholder or Officer for fraud, misrepresentation of any material fact or misappropriation of funds or assets.

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A copy of each Borrower’s declaration of trust is on file with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that obligations of each Borrower hereunder shall not be binding upon any of the shareholders, trustees, officers, employees or agents of such Borrower, personally, but shall bind only the trust property of such Borrower, as provided in its declaration of trust. The execution and delivery of this Agreement have been authorized by the trustees of each Borrower and signed by an officer of such Borrower, acting as such, and neither such authorization by such trustees nor such execution and delivery by such officer shall be deemed to have been made by any of them individually or to impose any liability on any of them personally, but shall bind only the trust property of such Borrower as provided in its declaration of trust.

SECTION 9.14. No Fiduciary Duty. Each Borrower hereby acknowledges that (i) it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents; (ii) neither the Agent nor any Bank has any fiduciary or advisory relationship with or duty to such Borrower arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between such Borrower, on the one hand, and the Agent and each Bank, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and (iii) no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among the Agent, the Banks, and such Borrower.

SECTION 9.15. Miscellaneous. This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. This Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents constitute the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto and supersede any and all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one clause or provision hereof shall be held invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part in any jurisdiction, then such invalidity or unenforceability shall affect only such clause or provision, or part thereof, in such jurisdiction, and shall not in any manner affect such clause or provision in any other jurisdiction, or any other clause or provision of this Agreement in any jurisdiction.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each party hereto, intending this Agreement to take effect as an agreement under seal, has caused this Agreement to be duly executed by its duly authorized representative(s) as of the day and year first above written.

EACH TRUST LISTED ON SCHEDULE 2 
HEREOF 
 
 
 
By:       /s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz                            
  Name: Jonathan S. Horwitz 
  Title: Executive Vice President 

 

[PUTNAM FUNDS – CREDIT AGREEMENT] 

 



STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST 
COMPANY, as a Bank and as the Agent 
 
 
 
By:               /s/ Janet Nolin                                  
Name:   Janet Nolin 
Title:      Vice President 

 

[PUTNAM FUNDS – CREDIT AGREEMENT] 

 



THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY, as a 
Bank 
 
 
 
By:         /s/ Graham Warning                                   
  Name: Graham Warning 
  Title: Vice President 

 

[PUTNAM FUNDS – CREDIT AGREEMENT] 

 



SCHEDULE 1
  
Addresses for Notices, Applicable Lending Offices, Commitment Amounts and Commitment 
Percentages

 

BORROWERS:

Address for Notices:

Putnam Investments
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
Attn: Robert T. Burns
Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
Tel: (617) – 760 - 7043



  COMMITMENT  COMMITMENT 
BANKS:  AMOUNT  PERCENTAGE 
  
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST  $292,500,000  74.52% 
COMPANY     

 

Applicable Lending Office and Office for Notices to the 
Agent for Borrowings and Payments: 
Lending Notices: 
 
(a)  if by overnight courier service: 
 
  State Street Bank and Trust Company 
  Customer Service Unit 
  2 Copley Place, 3rd Floor 
  Boston, MA 02116 
  Attn: Eduardo Chaves 
  Tel: (617) 662-8574 
  Fax: (617) 988-6677 
 
  Attn: Peter Connolly 
  Tel: (617) 662-8588 
  Fax: (617) 988-6677 
 
(b)  in all other cases: 
 
  State Street Bank and Trust Company 
  Customer Service Unit 
Copley Place Tower, Box 5303 
  Boston, MA 02206 
  Attn: Eduardo Chaves 
  Tel: (617) 662-8574 
  Fax: (617) 988-6677 
 
  Attn: Peter Connolly 
  Tel: (617) 662-8588 
  Fax: (617) 988-6677 
  Email: ais-loanops-csu@statestreet.com 
 
All other notices: 
 
(a)  if by overnight courier service: 
 
  State Street Bank and Trust Company 
Mutual Fund Lending Department 
  2 Copley Place, 3rd Floor 
  Boston, MA 02116 
  Attn: Janet B. Nolin 
  Tel: (617) 662-8629 
  Fax: (617) 662-8665 
 
(b)  in all other cases: 
 
  State Street Bank and Trust Company 
Mutual Fund Lending Department 
Copley Place Tower, Box 5303 
  Boston, MA 02206 
  Attn: Janet B. Nolin 
  Tel: (617) 662-8629 
  Fax: (617) 662-8665 
E-mail: JBNolin@StateStreet.com 

 

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THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY  $100,000,000  25.48% 

 

Applicable Lending Office and Office for Notices to the 
Bank for Borrowings and Payments: 

 

Lending Notices under Article II: 
(a)  Preferred method: 
  Fax: 312-630-1566 
  Attn: Mary Willis 
 
(b)  Other method: 
  Email: mw30@ntrs.com 
 
(c)  The Northern Trust Company 
  801 S. Canal Street, C2N 
  Chicago, IL 60607 
  Attn: Mary Willis 
  Telephone: 312-444-3136 
 
All other notices: 
The Northern Trust Company 
  50 S. LaSalle Street, M-27 
  Chicago, IL 60603 
  Attn: Graham Warning 
  Telephone: 312-444-7353 
  Email: gw78@ntrs.com 

 

- 3 - 

 



SCHEDULE 2
 
List of Companies, Funds and Fiscal Year End Date 
 

 

Company    Fund    Fiscal Year End Date 

Putnam American  Putnam American Government   
Government  Income Fund  September 30 
Income Fund     

Putnam Arizona Tax  Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt   
Exempt Income  Income Fund  May 31 
Fund     

  Putnam Dynamic Asset  September 30 
  Allocation Balanced Fund   
 
Putnam Asset  Putnam Dynamic Asset  September 30 
Allocation Funds  Allocation Conservative   
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Dynamic Asset  September 30 
  Allocation Growth Fund   

Putnam California    September 30 
Tax Exempt  Putnam California Tax Exempt   
Income Fund  Income Fund   

Putnam Convertible  Putnam Convertible Securities  October 31 
Securities Fund  Fund   

Putnam Diversified  Putnam Diversified Income  September 30 
Income Trust  Trust   

Putnam Equity    November 30 
Income Fund  Putnam Equity Income Fund   

Putnam Europe    June 30 
Equity Fund  Putnam Europe Equity Fund   

  Putnam Absolute Return 100  October 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Absolute Return 300  October 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Absolute Return 500  October 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Absolute Return 700  October 31 
  Fund   
 
Putnam Funds Trust  Putnam Asia Pacific Equity  April 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Dynamic Asset  May 31 
  Allocation Equity Fund   
 
  Putnam Capital Spectrum  April 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Dynamic Risk  May 31 
  Allocation Fund   
 
  Putnam Emerging Markets  August 31 
  Equity Fund   

 



  Putnam Emerging Markets  November 30 
  Income Fund   
 
  Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund  April 30 
 
  Putnam Floating Rate Income  February 28 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Global Consumer  August 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Global Dividend Fund  August 31 
 
  Putnam Global Energy Fund  August 31 
 
  Putnam Global Financials  August 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Global Industrials  August 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Global Technology  August 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Global  August 31 
  Telecommunications Fund   
 
  Putnam Intermediate-Term  November 30 
  Municipal Income Fund   
 
  Putnam International Value  June 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Low Volatility Equity  November 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Mortgage  May 31 
Opportunities Fund   

  Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund  April 30 
 
  Putnam Retirement Income  August 31 
  Fund Lifestyle 2   
 
  Putnam Retirement Income  February 28 
  Fund Lifestyle 3   
 
  Putnam Short Duration Income  July 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Short-Term Municipal  November 30 
  Income Fund   
 
  Putnam Small Cap Growth  June 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Strategic Volatility  July 31 
  Equity Fund   

Putnam Global    October 31 
Equity Fund     

Putnam Global    August 31 
Health Care Fund     

Putnam Global    October 31 
Income Trust     

Putnam Global    August 31 
Natural Resources     
Fund     

Putnam Global    August 31 
Utilities Fund     

 

- 2 - 

 



Putnam High Yield    November 30 
Advantage Fund     

Putnam High Yield    August 31 
Trust     

Putnam Income    October 31 
Fund     

Putnam International    June 30 
Equity Fund     

  Putnam Capital Opportunities  April 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Growth Opportunities  July 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam International Capital  August 31 
Putnam Investment  Opportunities Fund   
Funds 
Putnam International Growth  September 30 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund  April 30 
 
  Putnam Research Fund  July 31 
 
  Putnam Small Cap Value Fund  February 28 

Putnam Investors    July 31 
Fund  Putnam Investors Fund   

Putnam    May 31 
Massachusetts Tax  Putnam Massachusetts Tax   
Exempt Income  Exempt Income Fund   
Fund     

Putnam Michigan  Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt  May 31 
Tax Exempt  Income Fund   
Income Fund     

Putnam Minnesota  Putnam Minnesota Tax  May 31 
Tax Exempt  Exempt Income Fund   
Income Fund     

Putnam Money    September 30 
Market Fund  Putnam Money Market Fund   

Putnam Mortgage  Putnam Mortgage Recovery  August 31 
Recovery Fund  Fund   
(closed-end fund)     

Putnam Multi-Cap  Putnam Multi-Cap Growth  June 30 
Growth Fund  Fund   

Putnam New Jersey  Putnam New Jersey Tax  May 31 
Tax Exempt  Exempt Income Fund   
Income Fund     

Putnam New York  Putnam New York Tax  November 30 
Tax Exempt  Exempt Income Fund   
Income Fund     

Putnam Ohio Tax  Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt  May 31 
Exempt Income  Income Fund   
Fund     

 

- 3 - 

 



Putnam    May 31 
Pennsylvania Tax  Putnam Pennsylvania Tax   
Exempt Income  Exempt Income Fund   
Fund     

Putnam Tax Exempt  Putnam Tax Exempt Income  September 30 
Income Fund  Fund   

Putnam Tax Exempt  Putnam Tax Exempt Money  September 30 
Money Market  Market Fund   
Fund     

  Putnam AMT-Free Municipal  July 31 
Putnam Tax-Free  Fund   
Income Trust 
Putnam Tax-Free High Yield  July 31 
  Fund   

Putnam U.S.  Putnam U.S. Government  September 30 
Government  Income Trust   
Income Trust     

Putnam VT Absolute Return  December 31 
500 Fund   
 
  Putnam VT American  December 31 
  Government Income Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Capital  December 31 
Opportunities Fund   

  Putnam VT Diversified  December 31 
  Income Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Equity Income  December 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Global Asset  December 31 
  Allocation Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Global Equity  December 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Global Health  December 31 
  Care Fund   
 
Putnam Variable  Putnam VT Global Utilities  December 31 
Trust  Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Growth And  December 31 
  Income Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Growth  December 31 
Opportunities Fund   

  Putnam VT High Yield Fund  December 31 
 
  Putnam VT Income Fund  December 31 
 
  Putnam VT International  December 31 
  Equity Fund   
 
  Putnam VT International  December 31 
  Growth Fund   
 
  Putnam VT International  December 31 
  Value Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Investors Fund  December 31 
 
  Putnam VT Money Market  December 31 
  Fund   

 

- 4 - 

 



  Putnam VT Multi-Cap Growth  December 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Multi-Cap Value  December 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Research Fund  December 31 
 
  Putnam VT Small Cap Value  December 31 
  Fund   
 
  Putnam VT George Putnam  December 31 
  Balanced Fund   
 
  Putnam VT Voyager Fund  December 31 

Putnam Voyager    July 31 
Fund  Putnam Voyager Fund   

George Putnam    July 31 
Balanced Fund  George Putnam Balanced Fund   

The Putnam Fund    July 31 
for Growth and  The Putnam Fund for Growth   
Income  and Income   

 

- 5 - 

 



SCHEDULE 3
 
Affected Banks and Affected Borrowers 
 

 

None.

 



Putnam Family of Funds
 
EXHIBIT A
 
FORM OF NOTE
U.S. $[_____________]    September 24, 2015 

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, each Borrower (as defined below), hereby promises to pay to [NAME OF BANK] (the “Bank”) at the office of the Agent (as defined below) at Copley Place Tower 2, Floor 4, 100 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, Attn: Janet Nolin, Vice President, or Mutual Fund Lending Department Head:

(a) prior to or on the Termination Date (as defined in the Credit Agreement referred to below) the principal amount of [insert Commitment Amount] (U.S. $___________) or, if less, the aggregate unpaid principal amount of Loans advanced by the Bank to such Borrower pursuant to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among each corporation or trust company listed on Schedule A hereto (each a “Company”), the Banks party thereto from time to time, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as agent (the “Agent”);

(b) without duplication, the principal outstanding hereunder from time to time at the times provided in the Credit Agreement; and

(c) interest on the principal balance hereof from time to time outstanding at the times and at the rates provided in the Credit Agreement.

This Note evidences borrowings under and has been issued by each Borrower in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. The Bank is entitled to the benefits of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Each term that is defined in the Credit Agreement and not herein defined has the meaning ascribed thereto by the Credit Agreement when used herein. As used in this Note, the following terms have the meanings specified below:

Borrower” means a Company Borrower or a Series Borrower.

Company Borrower” means a Company that has no separate Series.

Series Borrower” means a Company, acting on behalf of and for the account of a Related Fund thereof.

Each Borrower irrevocably authorizes the Bank to make or cause to be made, at or about the date of each Loan to such Borrower or at the time of receipt of each payment by such Borrower of principal of this Note, an appropriate notation on the grid attached to this Note, or the continuation of such grid, or any other similar record, including computer records, reflecting the making of such Loan or (as the case may be) the receipt of such payment. The outstanding amount of the Loans to each Borrower set forth on the grid attached to this Note, or the continuation of such grid, or any other similar record, including computer records, maintained by

2 

 



the Bank with respect to such Loans shall be prima facie evidence of the principal amount thereof owing and unpaid to the Bank, but the failure to record, or any error in so recording, any such amount on any such grid, continuation or other record shall not limit or otherwise affect the obligation of such Borrower hereunder or under the Credit Agreement to make payments of principal of and interest on this Note when due.

Each Borrower has the right in certain circumstances and the obligation under certain other circumstances to prepay the whole or part of the principal of this Note on the terms and conditions specified in the Credit Agreement.

If any one or more Events of Default with respect to such Borrower shall occur and be continuing, the entire unpaid principal amount of the Loans to such Borrower evidenced by this Note and all of the unpaid interest accrued thereon may become or be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Credit Agreement.

No delay or omission on the part of the Bank in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of such right or of any other rights of the Bank, nor shall any delay, omission or waiver on any one occasion be deemed a bar or waiver of the same or any other right on any further occasion.

Each Borrower and every endorser and guarantor of this Note or the obligation represented hereby waives presentment, demand, notice, protest and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default or enforcement of this Note, and assents to any extension or postponement of the time of payment or any other indulgence, to any substitution, exchange or release of collateral and to the addition or release of any other party or person primarily or secondarily liable.

This Note is a contract under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall for all purposes be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to conflict of laws principles that would require the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.

[the remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank] 

 

3 

 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, intending this Note to take effect as a sealed instrument, has caused this Note to be signed by its duly authorized representative as of the day and year first above written.

EACH TRUST LISTED ON SCHEDULE A 
HERETO 
 
By:                                                               
 
Name:                                                          
 
Title:                                                             

 



    Amount  Type  Amount of Principal  Balance of Principal  Notation 
Date  Borrower  of Loan  of Loan  Paid or Prepaid  Unpaid  Made By 























 



Schedule A 
 
List of Trusts 
 

 



George Putnam Balanced Fund 
 
Putnam American Government Income Fund 
 
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds 
 
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Convertible Securities Fund 
 
Putnam Diversified Income Trust 
 
Putnam Equity Income Fund 
 
Putnam Europe Equity Fund 
 
Putnam Funds Trust 
 
Putnam Global Equity Fund 
 
Putnam Global Health Care Fund 
 
Putnam Global Income Trust 
 
Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund 
 
Putnam Global Utilities Fund 
 
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund 
 
Putnam High Yield Trust 
 
Putnam Income Fund 
 
Putnam International Equity Fund 
 
Putnam Investment Funds 
 
Putnam Investors Fund 
 
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Money Market Fund 

 



Putnam Mortgage Recovery Fund 
 
Putnam Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
 
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund 
 
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund 
 
Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust 
 
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust 
 
Putnam Variable Trust 
 
Putnam Voyager Fund 
 
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income 

 



Putnam Family of Funds
 
EXHIBIT B
 
FORM OF
NOTICE OF BORROWING/REPAYMENT/ROLLOVER CERTIFICATE 

 

DATE:  [Insert Date] (the “Notice Date”) 
 
TO:  STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, as Agent 
  2 Copley Place, 3rd Floor 
  Boston, MA 02116 
  Attn:  LOAN OPERATIONS CUSTOMER SERVICE UNIT 
  Telephone: 617-662-8574 or 617-662-8588 
  Facsimile: 617-988-6677 
  E-mail: ais-loanops-csu@statestreet.com 
 
FROM:  [NAME OF COMPANY] (the “Company”) acting on behalf of and for the account 
  of [_______________] (the "Fund") (Fund # ___________) (DDA # ____________) 

 

Reference is hereby made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015, among each trust company listed on Schedule A hereto, the Banks and other lending institutions party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Agent (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Each term that is defined in the Credit Agreement and not herein defined has the meaning ascribed thereto by the Credit Agreement when used herein.

1. The Company, acting on behalf of and for the account of the Fund (the Company, so acting, the “Applicable Borrower”), hereby requests (check only one, and complete if necessary):

____ Loan advance to the Applicable Borrower in the amount of $___________. 
 
____ Loan repayment from the Applicable Borrower in the amount of $___________. 
 
____ overnight rollover of the Loans previously made to the Applicable Borrower. 

 

2. The Applicable Borrower is [not] a Restricted Borrower and, therefore, the Applicable Percentage is [25%] [33 1/3%].1

3. The proceeds of any requested Loan shall be used only to the extent consistent with and not prohibited by the Applicable Borrower’s Offering Document, the terms of the Credit Agreement and applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, Regulation U.

4. All of the representations and warranties of the Applicable Borrower under the Credit Agreement are true and correct on and as of the date hereof (or, if any such representation or warranty is expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, as of such specific date).

___________________________________
1
If the Applicable Borrower is a Restricted Borrower, the Applicable Percentage is 25%; in all other cases the Applicable Percentage is 33 1/3%.



5. Immediately before and immediately after giving effect to the advance, repayment or rollover requested herein, no Default with respect to such Applicable Borrower has occurred or would exist.

6. The following amounts and statements are true:

(a)  Adjusted Net Assets of the Applicable Borrower:   
(i)  Total Assets of the Applicable Borrower                                           
(ii)  Total Liabilities (excluding Senior Securities Representing   
  Indebtedness) of the Applicable Borrower2                                            
(iii)  item (a)(i) minus item (a)(ii)                                            
(b)  Applicable Percentage multiplied by item (a)(iii)                                            
 
(c)  (i)  Beginning Loan balance for Applicable Borrower:                                            
(ii)  Repayment amount (if any):                                            
(iii)  Requested Loan (if any):                                            
(iv)  Requested Loans Balance ((i) minus (ii) plus (iii)):                                            
 
(d)  The aggregate outstanding principal amount of Debt for borrowed   
money of the Applicable Borrower other than the Loans as of the   
date hereof:                                            
 
(e)  Total Debt for borrowed money of the Applicable Borrower   
((c)(iv) plus (d)):                                            

 

7. The amount set forth in 6(e) above does not exceed the lesser of (a) the amount set forth in 6(b) above, or (b) (i) the maximum amount of Debt that the Applicable Borrower would be permitted to incur pursuant to Applicable Law, including the Investment Company Act, (ii) the maximum amount of Debt that the Applicable Borrower would be permitted to incur pursuant to the limitations on borrowings in its Offering Document and its Investment Policies and Restrictions, (iii) in the event that the Applicable Borrower shall have entered into any agreement(s) with any Authority limiting the amount of Debt that the Applicable Borrower may create, incur, assume or suffer to exist, the maximum amount of Debt that the Applicable Borrower would be permitted to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist pursuant to such agreement(s), and (iv) the maximum amount of Debt that the Applicable Borrower would be permitted to incur without violating Section 5.19 of the Credit Agreement.

8. After giving effect to the requests of the Applicable Borrower herein made (a) the aggregate principal amount of all Loans outstanding to the Applicable Borrower shall not cause the Applicable Borrower to have an aggregate amount of Debt outstanding that is in excess of the Maximum Amount with respect to the Applicable Borrower, and (b) the aggregate principal amount of all Loans outstanding to all Borrowers shall not exceed the Aggregate Commitment Amount.

__________________________________________________
2
For purposes of calculating Adjusted Net Assets for any Fund, the amount of any liability included in Total Liabilities shall be equal to the greater of (i) the outstanding amount of such liability and (ii) the fair market value of all assets pledged or otherwise segregated to secure such liability.



[the remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank] 

 



9. The undersigned is a duly authorized officer of the Applicable Borrower identified above with authority to execute and deliver this document to the Agent.

[COMPANY] 
 
 
By:                                                          
 
Name:                                                      
 
Title:                                                         

 



Schedule A
 
List of Companies 
 

 



Putnam Family of Funds
 
EXHIBIT C
 
FORM OF
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE 
 
Date                

 

[Address(es) (Compliance Certificates
need to be sent to the Agent and each Bank)]
Attention:

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is hereby made to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015 among each trust company listed on Schedule A hereto, the Banks and other lending institutions party thereto and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Agent (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Each term that is defined in the Credit Agreement and not herein defined has the meaning ascribed thereto by the Credit Agreement when used herein.

The undersigned, an authorized representative of each Borrower, hereby certifies with respect to such Borrower that (a) this Certificate is being delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(c) of the Credit Agreement, and (b) as of [fill in the appropriate fiscal period-end date], [[no Default with respect to such Borrower has occurred and is continuing] or [the following Default[s] with respect to such Borrower [has/have] occurred and [is/are] continuing and, in furtherance thereof, such Borrower is taking the following action: _____________________].]

[NAME OF AUTHORIZED COMPANY] 
 
 
By:                                                               
Name: 
Title: 

 



Schedule A
 
List of Trust Companies 
 

 



Putnam Family of Funds
 
EXHIBIT D
 
FORM OF
ASSIGNMENT AND ACCEPTANCE 
 
Date                

 

Reference is hereby made to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015 among each trust company listed on Schedule A hereto, the Banks and other lending institutions party thereto and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Agent (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Each term that is defined in the Credit Agreement and not herein defined has the meaning ascribed thereto by the Credit Agreement when used herein.

__________________________ (the “Assignor”) and __________________________ (the “Assignee”) hereby agree as follows:

§1. Assignors. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Assignment and Acceptance, the Assignor hereby sells and assigns to the Assignee, and the Assignee hereby purchases and assumes without recourse to the Assignor, a [$___________] interest in and to the rights, benefits, indemnities and obligations of the Assignor under the Credit Agreement equal to [_____%] in respect of the Assignor’s Commitment Amount immediately prior to the Effective Date (as hereinafter defined).

§2. Assignor’s Representations. The Assignor (a) represents and warrants that (i) it is legally authorized to enter into this Assignment and Acceptance, (ii) as of the date hereof, its Commitment Amount is [$_____________], its Commitment Percentage is [____%], the aggregate outstanding principal balance of its Loans equals [$_____________], (in each case before giving effect to the assignment contemplated hereby and without giving effect to any contemplated assignments which have not yet become effective), and (iii) immediately after giving effect to all assignments which have not yet become effective, the Assignor’s Commitment Percentage will be sufficient to give effect to this Assignment and Acceptance, (b) makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, and assumes no responsibility with respect to any statements, warranties or representations made in or in connection with the Credit Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or the execution, legality, validity, enforceability, genuineness, sufficiency or value of the Credit Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any other instrument or document furnished pursuant thereto or the attachment, perfection or priority of any security interest or mortgage, other than that it is the legal and beneficial owner of the interest being assigned by it hereunder free and clear of any claim or encumbrance; (c) makes no representation or warranty and assumes no responsibility with respect to the financial condition of any Borrower or any other Person primarily or secondarily liable in respect of any of the Loans, or the performance or observance by any Borrower or any other Person primarily or secondarily liable in respect of any of the Loans of any of its obligations under the Credit Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any other

2 

 



instrument or document delivered or executed pursuant thereto; and (d) attaches hereto the Note delivered to it under the Credit Agreement.

The Assignor requests that the Borrowers exchange the Assignor’s Note for new Notes payable to the Assignor and the Assignee as follows:

Notes Payable to  Amount of Note 
 
Assignor  $_________ 
Assignee  $_________ 

 

§3. Assignee’s Representations. The Assignee (a) represents and warrants that (i) it is duly and legally authorized to enter into this Assignment and Acceptance, (ii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Assignment and Acceptance do not conflict with any provision of law or of the charter or by-laws of the Assignee, or of any agreement binding on the Assignee, (iii) all acts, conditions and things required to be done and performed and to have occurred prior to the execution, delivery and performance of this Assignment and Acceptance, and to render the same the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Assignee, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, have been done and performed and have occurred in due and strict compliance with all applicable laws; (b) confirms that it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement, together with copies of the most recent financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 5.01 thereof and such other documents and information as it has deemed appropriate to make its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Acceptance; (c) agrees that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Assignor, the Agent, or any Bank and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under the Credit Agreement; (d) appoints and authorizes the Agent to take such action as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents as are delegated to the Agent by the terms thereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto; (e) agrees that it will perform in accordance with their terms all the obligations which by the terms of the Credit Agreement are required to be performed by it as a Bank; and (f) attaches hereto the forms required to be delivered by it pursuant to Section 2.11 of the Credit Agreement.

§4. Effective Date. The effective date for this Assignment and Acceptance shall be [__________] [such date to be no earlier than the third Domestic Business Day after the date that a fully signed copy hereof shall have been delivered to the Agent] (the “Effective Date”). Following the execution of this Assignment and Acceptance each party hereto shall deliver its duly executed counterpart hereof to the Agent for consent by the Agent (and the Borrowers, if required by the Credit Agreement) and recording in the Register.

§5. Rights Under Credit Agreement. Upon such recording in the Register, from and after the Effective Date, (a) the Assignee shall be a party to the Credit Agreement and, to the extent provided in this Assignment and Acceptance, have the rights and obligations of a Bank thereunder, and (b) the Assignor shall, with respect to that portion of its interest under the Credit Agreement assigned hereunder, relinquish its rights and be released from its obligations under the Credit Agreement other than its obligations, if any, under Section 9.09 thereof; provided,

3 

 



however, that the Assignor shall retain its rights to be indemnified pursuant to Section 9.03 of the Credit Agreement with respect to any claims or actions arising prior to the Effective Date.

§6. Payments. Upon such recording in the Register, from and after the Effective Date, the Agent shall make all payments in respect of the rights and interests assigned hereby (including payments of principal, interest, fees and other amounts) to the Assignee. The Assignor and the Assignee shall make any appropriate adjustments in payments for periods prior to the Effective Date by the Agent or with respect to the making of this assignment directly between themselves.

§7. Governing Law. This Agreement is a contract under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall for all purposes be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to conflict of laws principles that would require the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.

§8. Counterparts. This Assignment and Acceptance may be executed in any number of counterparts which shall together constitute but one and the same agreement.

[the remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank] 

 

4 

 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each party hereto has caused this ______________ to be executed by its duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

[ASSIGNOR] 
 
 
By:                                                                  
Name:
Title:
 
[ASSIGNEE] 
 
 
By:                                                                   
Name:
Title:

 

[CONSENTED TO:]

Each trust company listed on
Schedule A hereto

[By:                                                                  
Name: 
Title:] 
 
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, 
as Agent 
 
 
By:                                                                  
Name: 
Title: 

 

5 

 



Schedule A3
 
List of Trust Companies 
 

 

________________________________
3
Delete this Schedule if it is unnecessary



Putnam Family of Funds 
 
EXHIBIT E
 
FORM OF
JOINDER AGREEMENT 

 

JOINDER AGREEMENT NO. ___ (this “Agreement”), dated as of _________ __, 20__, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015, among each trust company listed on Schedule A hereto, the Banks and other lending institutions party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Agent (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Each term that is defined in the Credit Agreement and not herein defined has the meaning ascribed thereto by the Credit Agreement when used herein.

1. Request. (a) Pursuant to Section 2.12(a) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers (the “Existing Borrowers”) hereby request that each of the following trusts, if any, be added as a “Company” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (each a “New Company”):

New Company  Company Borrower (Y or N) 



 

(b) Pursuant to Section 2.12(a) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers hereby 
request that each of the following Series, if any, of each Company (including a New 
Company) listed below, if any, be added as a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan 
Documents (each a “New Fund”):

 

Company  Series 



 

2. Joinder. By signing below, each Bank and the Agent hereby agrees, and each of the other parties hereto hereby agrees, that (a) each such New Company shall be deemed to be a “Company” for all purposes under the Loan Documents, (b) each such New Fund shall be deemed to be a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan Documents, and (c) Schedule 2 to the Credit Agreement shall be automatically amended and restated in the form of Schedule 2 to this Agreement. Each New Company hereby represents and warrants that it is correctly identified as a Company Borrower in paragraph 1(a) above.

3. New Borrowers. For purposes of this Agreement, “New Borrower” means (a) each New Company that is a Company Borrower, and (b) each other Company (including a New Company) acting on behalf of, and for the account of, each Series thereof that is a New Fund.



4. Effectiveness. This Agreement shall become effective upon the first date that each of the following conditions shall have first been satisfied (the date, if any, on which such conditions shall have first been satisfied being referred to herein as the “Joinder Effective Date”):

(a) the Agent shall have received a counterpart of this Agreement signed by each Existing Borrower and each New Borrower;

(b) the Agent shall have received a certificate of the Clerk, Secretary or Assistant Secretary (or other officer acceptable to the Agent) of each New Borrower, dated the Joinder Effective Date, in all respects satisfactory to the Agent (i)(1) attaching a true complete and correct copy of all its Charter Documents, or (2)(x) if previously delivered to the Agent under the Loan Documents, all amendments, restatements, supplements or other modifications to its Charter Documents since the date the Related Company thereof became a party to the Credit Agreement, or (y) certifying that no such amendments, restatements, supplements or other modifications have occurred, or (ii) attaching a copy of all of the Offering Documents, as of the Joinder Effective Date, of each New Borrower and such other material as accurately and completely sets forth all Investment Policies and Restrictions of such New Borrower not reflected in the Offering Documents, (iii) attaching the resolutions of the Managing Body of such New Borrower authorizing the transactions contemplated hereby and certifying that such resolutions are in full force and effect, and (iv) certifying as to the incumbency of authorized persons of such Borrower or New Borrower executing this Agreement;

(c) with respect to each New Borrower, the Agent shall have received a federal reserve form FR U-1 executed on behalf of such New Borrower;

(d) one or more opinions of counsel to each New Borrower covering such matters relating to the transactions contemplated hereby as the Agent may request, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent; and

(e) all fees and expenses payable in connection with this Agreement, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to the Agent to the extent invoiced, shall have been paid.

5. No Defense; Representations and Warranties; No Default. Each Borrower (including each New Borrower) hereby (a) reaffirms and admits the validity and enforceability of each Loan Document and this Agreement and the respective obligations of such Borrower thereunder, and agrees and admits that such Borrower has no defense to or offset against any such obligation, and (b) represents and warrants that (i) no Default with respect to such Borrower has occurred and is continuing, (ii) all of the representations and warranties of such Borrower contained herein and in any other Loan Document are true and correct on and as of the date hereof (after giving effect to this Agreement) as if made on and as of such date (unless any representation and warranty relates to an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date), and (iii) it has received a copy of each Loan Document.



6. Binding Effect; Several Agreement. All covenants, promises and agreements by or on behalf of any party hereto that are contained in this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of each other party hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

7. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THAT WOULD REQUIRE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION.

8. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission in “portable document format” shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

9. Headings. Section headings used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and are not to affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

Each trust company listed on Schedule A hereto 
 
By:                                                                   
 
Name:                                                               
 
Title:                                                                  
 
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST 
COMPANY, as Agent and as a Bank 
 
By:                                                                  
 
Name:                                                             
 
Title:                                                                
 
[EACH BANK] 
 
By:                                                                  
 
Name:                                                             
 
Title:                                                                

 



Schedule 2 to Joinder Agreement 

 



Schedule A 

 

List of Companies



Putnam Family of Funds 
 
EXHIBIT F
 
FORM OF
REMOVAL NOTICE 

 

REMOVAL NOTICE NO. ___ (this “Agreement”), dated as of _________ __, 20__, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2015, among each trust company listed on Schedule A hereto, the Banks and other lending institutions party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Agent (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Each term that is defined in the Credit Agreement and not herein defined has the meaning ascribed thereto by the Credit Agreement when used herein.

10. Request. (a) Pursuant to Section 2.12(b) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers (the “Existing Borrowers”) hereby request that each of the following trusts, if any, be removed as a “Company” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (each a “Departing Company”):

Departing Company  Company Borrower (Y or N) 



 

(b) Pursuant to Section 2.12(b) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers hereby 
request that each of the following Series, if any, of each Company (including a New 
Company) listed below, if any, be removed as a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan 
Documents (together with each Series of each Departing Company, collectively, the 
Departing Funds”):

 

Company  Series 



 

11. Removal. On and as of the later to occur of the third Domestic Business Day from the date hereof (or such fewer number of days as the Agent may agree in its sole discretion) and [date] (such later date, the “Removal Date”) (a) Each Departing Company shall cease to be a “Company” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (other than such provisions thereof that by their terms survive the termination or other expiration thereof), (b) each Departing Fund shall cease to be a “Fund” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (other than such provisions thereof that by their terms survive the termination or other expiration thereof), (c) the Related Company of each Departing Fund, acting on behalf of and for the account of each such Departing Fund, shall cease to be a “Borrower” for all purposes of the Loan Documents (other than such provisions thereof that by their terms

 



survive the termination or other expiration thereof), and (d) Schedule 2 to the Credit Agreement shall be automatically amended and restated in the form of Schedule 2 hereto.

12. Effectiveness. This Agreement shall become effective upon the first date that each of the following conditions shall have first been satisfied:

(a) the Agent shall have received a counterpart of this Agreement signed by each Departing Company and each Departing Fund;

(b) on or prior to such Removal Date, the Agent shall have received payment of the following through and including such Removal Date: (w) the outstanding principal balance of all Loans made to the Borrower or Borrowers composed of each Departing Company and each Departing Fund, (x) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (y) all fees and expenses owing under the Loan Documents by the Borrower or Borrowers composed of each Departing Company and each Departing Fund, and (z) all other monetary obligations owing under the Loan Documents by the Borrower or Borrowers composed of each Departing Company and each Departing Fund,

(c) the sum of all Pro rata Shares of all Borrowers (other than the Borrower or Borrowers consisting of such Departing Company or Departing Fund) set forth on Schedule 2 hereto shall equal 100%.

13. Binding Effect; Several Agreement. All covenants, promises and agreements by or on behalf of any party hereto that are contained in this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of each other party hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

14. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THAT WOULD REQUIRE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION.

15. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission in “portable document format” shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

16. Headings. Section headings used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and are not to affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

[EACH BORROWER] 
 
By:                                                          
 
Name:                                                      
 
Title:                                                         

 



Schedule 2 to Removal Notice 

 



Schedule A
 
List of Companies 
 

 

EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT 3 c_teifex99h8.htm EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT c_teifex99h8.htm
September 24, 2015 

 

Each of the Borrowers listed 
on Appendix I hereto 
One Post Office Square 
Boston, MA 02109 
Attention:  Jonathan S. Horwitz, 
Executive Vice President, Principal Executive Officer,
Treasurer and Compliance Liaison 
 
RE:  Putnam Funds Amended and Restated Uncommitted Line of Credit 

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Bank”) has previously made available a $235,500,000 discretionary, uncommitted, unsecured line of credit (the “Existing Uncommitted Line”) to each of the management investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act listed on Appendix I (each, an “Existing Borrower”) attached to that certain loan agreement dated July 6, 2010 (as amended prior to the date hereto, the “Existing Loan Agreement”), each acting on behalf of itself or on behalf of one or more of its designated fund series. The obligations of the Existing Borrowers arising under the Existing Uncommitted Line are evidenced by an amended and restated promissory note in the original principal amount of $235,500,000, dated June 27, 2014, executed by each of the Existing Borrowers, for itself or on behalf of such designated fund series thereof, in favor of the Bank (as amended, the “Existing Note”).

The parties hereto have agreed to amend and restate the Existing Loan Agreement in its entirety as set forth below. Therefore, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Bank is pleased to make available a $235,500,000 uncommitted unsecured revolving line of credit (the “Uncommitted Line”) to each of the management investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act listed on Appendix I attached hereto (each, a “Borrower”), each acting on behalf of itself or on behalf of one or more of its respective Funds (as defined in Section 16), in each case acting separately from all of the other Borrowers and Funds and not jointly or jointly and severally with any of them, on the following terms and conditions:



Putnam Funds
September 24, 2015
Page 2

I. Uncommitted Line

1. Term. The Uncommitted Line shall commence on the date hereof and expire on September 22, 2016 (the “Expiration Date”), unless extended by mutual agreement of the Bank and the Borrowers or, with respect to any Fund, terminated by a Borrower on behalf of such Fund as provided herein. A Borrower, on behalf of one of its respective Funds, may terminate the Uncommitted Line with respect to such Fund upon three (3) days prior written notice and payment of all outstanding principal, interest, fees, costs, expenses and other amounts owing by such Fund to the Bank hereunder on the effective date of termination.

2. Notice and Manner of Borrowings. In the sole and absolute discretion of the Bank, and in any event subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Bank may make revolving loans to a Borrower on behalf of any Fund under the Uncommitted Line (each such loan, a "Loan") up to a maximum aggregate principal amount outstanding at any one time equal to the Uncommitted Line Amount; provided that, in each case after giving effect to the requested Loan, (a) the aggregate outstanding Indebtedness for borrowed money of such Fund (including the aggregate principal amount of all Loans outstanding to such Fund hereunder, the aggregate principal amount of all loans, if any, outstanding to such Fund under the Syndicated Facility, and the aggregate principal amount of all Interfund Loans, if any, outstanding to such Fund) shall not exceed the Maximum Amount applicable to such Fund, (b) the aggregate principal amount of Loans outstanding to such Fund hereunder shall not exceed the Per Fund Limit Amount, and (c) the aggregate principal amount of Loans outstanding to all Borrowers on behalf of all Funds hereunder shall not exceed the Uncommitted Line Amount. Each request for a Loan hereunder shall be made in writing by any Borrower on behalf of a Fund by delivering a completed loan request in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto and such other information or documentation as the Bank may reasonably request. Each such Loan request shall be made by any Borrower, on behalf of a Fund, and received by the Bank not later than 3:00 p.m., Boston time, on the Business Day on which such Loan is to be made. Each Loan request hereunder shall be deemed to be a confirmation by the applicable Borrower, on behalf of the applicable Fund, that no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing hereunder with respect to such Fund, that the representations and warranties of such Borrower on behalf of such Fund described below remain true and correct, and that no borrowing limitations or restrictions applicable to such Fund or the Uncommitted Line (including those set forth in clauses (a) through (c) of the proviso above in this Section) will be exceeded after giving effect to the requested Loan, each of which shall be a precondition to the making of any Loan hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each of the Borrowers agrees and understands that the making of any Loan hereunder shall remain in the sole and absolute discretion of the Bank and the Bank shall have no commitment with respect thereto.

3. Evidence of Indebtedness. All Loans will be evidenced by a promissory note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A executed by each of the Borrowers on behalf of its



Putnam Funds
September 24, 2015
Page 3

respective Funds (as amended, restated, extended, replaced or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time, the "Note"). Each Borrower, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereby authorizes the Bank to record each Loan and the corresponding information on the Bank’s books and records (including the schedule forming part of the Note), and, absent manifest error, this record shall govern and control. The failure by the Bank to record, or any error in so recording, any such amount on the Bank's books and records, such schedule, or any other record maintained by the Bank, shall not limit or otherwise affect the obligation of each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, to make payments of principal of and interest on each Loan as provided herein and in the Note.

4. Interest Rate. Principal on each outstanding Loan shall bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Rate plus 1.30%, which rate shall be subject to change from time to time as and when the Federal Funds Rate changes. Interest on each Loan shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section II(3)(e) or (f) with respect to the applicable Fund, immediately and automatically, and otherwise upon notice from the Bank to a Borrower, on behalf of any of its respective Funds, given at any time following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default hereunder with respect to such Fund unpaid principal on any Loan incurred by such Borrower on behalf of such Fund, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, unpaid interest on such Loan, shall thereafter bear interest, compounded monthly and payable on demand, until paid in full (after as well as before judgment) at a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) above the rate otherwise applicable to such Loan hereunder.

5. Payments and Prepayments; Recourse. (a) Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereby promises to pay accrued interest on all Loans incurred by it monthly in arrears on the fifteenth day of each calendar month for the immediately preceding calendar month; provided, however, that in each such case if such day on which interest on any Loans is due is not a Business Day, interest shall be payable on the next preceding Business Day. Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereby promises to repay the principal amount of each outstanding Loan incurred by it, together with all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, upon the earliest of (i) sixty (60) days following the date on which such Loan is made, (ii) the date on which such Loan becomes due pursuant to Section II(4) below following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, or (iii) the Expiration Date. Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of each of its respective Funds, further covenants and agrees to immediately repay (1) the outstanding aggregate principal amount of any Indebtedness for borrowed money of any such Fund at any time (including the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of all Loans to such Fund hereunder and including the aggregate principal amount of all loans, if any, outstanding to such Fund under the Syndicated Facility) to the extent such amount exceeds the Maximum Amount applicable to such Fund at such time, and (2) any amount by which the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of all Loans to any such Fund at any time exceeds the Per Fund Limit Amount, in each case upon the earlier to occur of such



Putnam Funds
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Page 4

Borrower first becoming aware of any such circumstance or demand by the Bank. Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of each of its respective Funds having Loans outstanding at any time, further covenants and agrees that it shall make such repayments of the Loans outstanding to each such Fund at any time to the extent required such that the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of all Loans to all Funds hereunder shall at no time exceed the Uncommitted Line Amount, in each case upon the earlier to occur of such Borrower first becoming aware of any such circumstance or demand by the Bank. Loans may be prepaid at the option of the Borrowers without penalty or premium, and any amounts prepaid may be reborrowed in the Bank’s sole discretion and otherwise subject to the terms hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Agreement, there shall be a period with respect to each Fund hereunder consisting of at least one Business Day during each sixty (60) day period during which this Agreement is in effect when no Loans are outstanding to such Fund. Each Borrower, on behalf of its respective Funds, promises to make such payments of one or more Loans as are necessary to comply with the foregoing sentence.

(b) All payments by the Borrowers on behalf of their respective Funds hereunder and under any of the other Loan Documents shall be made not later than 2:00 p.m. Boston time on the date due in immediately available United States dollars at the Bank's office at 100 Huntington Avenue, Tower 2, Floor 4, Boston, Massachusetts or as otherwise directed in writing by the Bank. Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereby authorizes and irrevocably directs the Bank, at the Bank’s option at any time upon and following the due date for payment by such Borrower of any amounts under the Loan Documents, and without any further notice to or consent of such Borrower, to debit any account(s) of such Borrower with the Bank and apply amounts so debited toward the payment of any such amounts due and owing by such Borrower under the Loan Documents. Notwithstanding such authorization and direction, each Borrower hereby further acknowledges and agrees that (i) the Bank shall have no obligation to so debit any such account(s) and shall have no liability whatsoever to such Borrower for any failure to do so, and (ii) such Borrower shall fully retain the obligation under the Loan Documents to make all payments thereunder when due. All such payments by the Borrowers on behalf of their respective Funds hereunder and under any of the other Loan Documents shall be made without recoupment, setoff or counterclaim and free and clear of and without deduction for any taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions, withholdings, compulsory loans, restrictions or conditions of any nature now or hereafter imposed or levied by any jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof or taxing or other authority therein (excluding taxes that are imposed on the Bank’s overall net income (or franchise taxes imposed in lieu thereof) by the United States and by the state under the laws of which the Bank is organized (all such non-excluded taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions, withholdings, compulsory loans, restrictions and conditions being herein referred to as “Taxes”)) unless a Borrower is compelled by law to make such deduction or withholding. If any such obligation is imposed upon a Borrower with respect to any amount payable by it hereunder or under any of the Loan Documents, such Borrower will pay to the Bank, on the date on which such amount is due and payable hereunder or under the Loan Documents, such additional amount in United States dollars



Putnam Funds
September 24, 2015
Page 5

as shall be necessary to enable the Bank to receive the same net amount which the Bank would have received on such due date had no such obligation been imposed upon such Borrower. The applicable Borrower will deliver promptly to the Bank certificates or other valid vouchers for all taxes or other charges deducted from or paid with respect to payments made by such Borrower hereunder or under the Loan Documents. In addition, each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, shall pay any present or future stamp, documentary, excise, property or similar taxes, charges or levies that arise from any payment made hereunder or from the execution, delivery or registration of, performance under, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or any of the Loan Documents (herein referred to as “Other Taxes”). Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, shall indemnify the Bank for and hold the Bank harmless against the full amount of Taxes and Other Taxes, and for the full amount of taxes of any kind imposed by any jurisdiction on amounts payable under this Section I(5)(b), imposed on or paid by the Bank and any liability (including penalties, additions to tax, interest and expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto. This indemnification payment shall be made within 30 days from the date the Bank makes written demand therefor. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability, delivered to such Borrower by the Bank, shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. If the Bank determines, in its sole discretion, that it has received a refund of any Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by a Borrower or with respect to which a Borrower has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section I(5)(b), it shall pay to such Borrower an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by such Borrower under this Section I(5)(b) with respect to the Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Bank and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant governmental authority with respect to such refund), provided that each Borrower, upon the request of the Bank, agrees to repay the amount paid over to such Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant governmental authority) to the Bank in the event that the Bank is required to repay such refund to such governmental authority. This subsection shall not be construed to require the Bank to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes that it deems confidential) to any Borrower or any other person.

(c) The Bank and each of the Borrowers acknowledge and agree that the Bank shall look solely to the property of each respective Fund for the enforcement of any claim against such Fund. None of the trustees, officers, employees, agents or shareholders of any Borrower or any Fund assumes any personal liability for the obligations entered into by any Borrower on behalf of any Fund with respect to the Uncommitted Line. In addition, the principal amount of any Loan, and accrued interest thereon, and any fees, costs, expenses, indemnities or other amounts payable in connection with or relating to any Fund or any Loan pursuant to this Agreement (other than any fees, costs, expenses, indemnities or other amounts payable to the Bank pursuant to the terms hereof not specific or identifiable to any Fund or Funds or any particular Loan), shall be paid or repaid solely from the assets of such Fund (or the Fund to which such Loan is made), and the Bank shall have no right of recourse or offset against the assets of any other Fund or any other series of any Borrower for such amounts. Each Fund shall



Putnam Funds
September 24, 2015
Page 6

be severally (and not jointly or jointly and severally) liable to the Bank hereunder for fees, costs, expenses, indemnities or other amounts owed to the Bank pursuant to the terms hereof that are not specific or identifiable to any Fund or Funds or any particular Loan in accordance with such Fund’s ratable portion thereof based upon the relative Net Assets of each Fund at any time of determination or based upon such other method reasonably acceptable to the Bank as the board of directors or trustees of the respective Borrowers may determine upon prior written notice to the Bank.

6. Use of Loan Proceeds. Proceeds of Loans may be used solely for temporary or emergency purposes, including, without limitation, to temporarily finance the redemption of the shares of an investor of the Fund on behalf of which a Loan is made, or to temporarily finance the purchase or sale of securities for prompt delivery if the Loan is to be repaid promptly in the ordinary course of business upon completion of such purchase or sale transaction, or for other temporary and emergency purposes in each case consistent with the then current investment objectives and investment restrictions of the Fund on behalf of which a Loan is made; provided that such use of proceeds of each such Loan (a) shall constitute an “Exempted Transaction” as described in section 221.6(f) of Regulation U, (b) shall otherwise constitute an “Exempted Transaction” under, or shall not constitute a “purpose credit” for purposes of, Regulation U, or (c) shall not otherwise cause such loans to violate the provisions of Regulation U; provided, further, that no proceeds of any Loan made hereunder shall be used to make any Interfund Loan. In the event that the proposed use of proceeds of any Loan to a Fund shall not constitute an “Exempted Transaction” under Regulation U, but shall nonetheless constitute a “purpose credit” for purposes thereof, the applicable Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, at the time of the request for such Loan is made, shall furnish the Bank with an updated statement in conformity with the requirements of Federal Reserve Form U-1 referred to in Regulation U. Each Loan shall be made in compliance with, and subject to, the relevant Fund’s Prospectus and Regulation U and no portion of any proceeds of any Loan shall be used directly or indirectly in violation of any provision of any statute, regulation, order or restriction applicable to the Bank, any Borrower or any Fund.

7. Addition of Borrowers and Funds. With the prior written consent of the Bank in its sole discretion (exercised in accordance with the Bank’s current guidelines and practices) and in any event no more than once per calendar quarter, any Borrower may request the addition to this Agreement of (a) one or more management investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act as a Borrower hereunder or (b) any fund series of a Borrower as a Fund hereunder. In no event will any such additional management investment company or fund series be added to this Agreement if such management investment company or fund series is advised or sub-advised by the Bank or an affiliate of the Bank. The addition of any such management investment company or fund series shall be subject to consent by the Bank in its sole discretion and completion of an appropriate amendment to this Agreement and such other documentation as the Bank may reasonably require, including without limitation current prospectus and related information; corporate, trust or similar existence and authorization documentation; and



Putnam Funds
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appropriate legal opinions, in each case with respect to any proposed new Borrower or Fund as the Bank may reasonably require.

8. Upfront Fee. Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereby agrees to pay to the Bank on the date hereof a closing fee in an aggregate amount for all Borrowers equal to $94,200, payable as a condition precedent to closing. Such fee shall be non-refundable and shall be deemed fully earned by the Bank on the date hereof.

9. Additional Costs; Capital Adequacy. (a) If any new law, rule or regulation, or any change after the date hereof in the interpretation or administration of any applicable law, rule or regulation by any governmental authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or compliance by the Bank (or its applicable lending office) with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) of any such authority, central bank or comparable agency in connection therewith issued, promulgated or enacted after the date hereof shall:

(i) subject the Bank (or its applicable lending office) to any tax, duty or other charge with respect to the Loans, the Note or the Bank’s undertakings hereunder, or shall change the basis of taxation of payments to the Bank (or its applicable lending office) of the principal of or interest on the Loans or any other amounts due under this Agreement or the Bank’s undertakings hereunder, in each case, except for any tax on, or changes in the rate of tax on the overall net income of, or franchise taxes payable by, such Bank or its applicable lending office described in Section I(5)(b) above; or

(ii) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve (including, without limitation, any such requirement imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), special deposit, insurance assessment or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended by, the Bank (or its applicable lending office) or shall impose on the Bank (or its applicable lending office) any other condition affecting the Loans, the Note or the Bank’s undertakings hereunder; or

(iii) impose on the Bank any other conditions or requirements with respect to this Agreement, the other Loan Documents, the Loans or the Bank’s undertakings hereunder;

and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to the Bank (or its applicable lending office) of making, funding, issuing, renewing, extending or maintaining any Loan or the Bank’s undertakings hereunder, or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by the Bank (or its applicable lending office) under this Agreement or under the Note with respect thereto, by an amount deemed by the Bank to be material, then, promptly upon demand by the Bank (and in any event within thirty (30) days after demand by the Bank) and delivery to the Borrowers of the certificate required by clause (c) of this Section I(10), each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, shall pay to the Bank its ratable portion (calculated in accordance with Section



Putnam Funds
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I(5)(c) above) of the additional amount or amounts as will compensate the Bank for such increased cost or reduction.

(b) If the Bank shall determine that any change after the date hereof in any existing applicable law, rule or regulation or any new law, rule or regulation regarding liquidity or capital adequacy, or any change therein, or any change after the date hereof in the interpretation or administration thereof by any governmental authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or any new request or directive of general applicability regarding liquidity or capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of law) of any such authority, central bank or comparable agency issued, promulgated or enacted after the date hereof, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on capital of the Bank (or its parent corporation) as a consequence of the Bank’s obligations hereunder to a level below that which the Bank (or its parent corporation) could have achieved but for such law, change, request or directive (taking into consideration its policies with respect to capital adequacy and liquidity) by an amount deemed by the Bank to be material, then from time to time, promptly upon demand by the Bank (and in any event within thirty (30) days after demand by the Bank), each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, shall pay to the Bank its ratable portion (calculated in accordance with Section I(5)(c) above) of such additional amount or amounts as will compensate the Bank (or its parent corporation) for such reduction.

(c) The Bank will promptly notify the Borrowers of any event of which it has knowledge, occurring after the date hereof, which will entitle the Bank to compensation pursuant to this Section. A certificate of the Bank claiming compensation under this Section and setting forth in reasonable detail the additional amount or amounts to be paid to it hereunder and the calculations used in determining such additional amount or amounts shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. In determining such amount, the Bank may use any reasonable averaging and attribution methods.

(d) For the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, for the purposes of this Section I(9), (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, regulations, guidelines, interpretations or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith (whether or not having the force of law) and (ii) pursuant to Basel III, all requests, rules, regulations, guidelines, interpretations or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities (whether or not having the force of law), shall in each case be deemed to be a change in law regardless of the date enacted, adopted, issued, promulgated or implemented.

II. General Loan Terms

1. Covenants. Until all obligations of the Borrowers and their respective Funds with respect to the Uncommitted Line have been paid in full and the Uncommitted Line has been



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terminated, unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Bank, each of the Borrowers hereby covenants and agrees as follows for itself and on behalf of each of its respective Funds but not as to any other Borrower or Funds (each of the Borrowers hereby acknowledging and agreeing that compliance with the following covenants shall not in any way compromise the absolute discretion of the Bank whether or not to make Loans under the Uncommitted Line):

(a) not to create, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness for borrowed money such that the outstanding principal amount of Indebtedness for borrowed money (including Loans hereunder and including loans, if any, under the Syndicated Facility) of any one Fund at any time exceeds the Maximum Amount of such Fund;

(b) not to issue any preferred stock or create, incur, assume, suffer to exist, or guarantee, any Indebtedness other than, to the extent permitted by the relevant Prospectus (i) Indebtedness owing to the Bank; (ii) Indebtedness owing to the Custodian of such Borrower or Fund incurred in connection with such custody relationship; (iii) subject to the provisions of Section II(1)(g) below, Indebtedness consisting of Interfund Loans outstanding to any Fund and incurred to the extent permitted by, and consistent with, the Interfund Lending Exemptive Order; (iv) Indebtedness arising under the Syndicated Facility; (v) preferred stock or Indebtedness issued or incurred with the prior written consent of the Bank; and (vi) Indebtedness (not for the primary purpose of borrowing money) incurred in the ordinary course of such Borrower’s or Fund's business in connection with Financial Contracts, portfolio investments or investment techniques permissible under the Investment Company Act and other applicable law and consistent with such Borrower’s or Fund’s investment policies and restrictions, but only to the extent such Indebtedness under clause (vi) is reflected as a liability in the calculation of such Borrower’s or Fund’s Adjusted Net Assets;

(c) not to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any mortgage, pledge, security interest, lien, hypothecation, or other charge or encumbrance upon any of its assets or properties, or enter into any agreement preventing it from encumbering any such assets or properties other than, to the extent permitted by the relevant Prospectus (i) those in favor of the Bank or its affiliates or subsidiaries; (ii) subject to the provisions of Section II(1)(g) below, liens incurred consistent with the Interfund Lending Exemptive Order securing Interfund Loans; (iii) those in favor of the Custodian of such Borrower or Fund securing Indebtedness permitted by Section II(1)(b)(ii) above; (iv) those for which the Bank has given its prior written consent; (v) those arising in the ordinary course of such Borrower’s or Fund’s business out of or in connection with portfolio investments (including Financial Contracts and reverse repurchase agreements), securities lending or investment techniques (not for the primary purpose of borrowing money) securing Indebtedness permitted by Section II(1)(b)(vi) above; and (vi) liens for taxes, fees, assessments and other governmental charges not yet due and payable and with respect to which reserves or other appropriate provisions as may be required by generally accepted accounting principles are being maintained;



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(d) to (i) duly observe and comply in all material respects with all applicable laws, including, without limitation, the Investment Company Act and any asset coverage and borrowing restrictions and restrictions on Indebtedness and extensions of credit contained therein and applicable to such Borrower or Fund, and applicable securities laws and regulations, in each case except to the extent that (x) any failure to observe or comply could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (y) the necessity of compliance therewith is contested in good faith by such Borrower by appropriate proceedings or (z) exemptive relief or no-action relief has been obtained therefrom and remains in effect; (ii) pay all taxes and governmental charges prior to the time they become delinquent, unless such taxes or charges are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and as to which such reserves or other appropriate provisions as may be required by generally accepted accounting principles are being maintained; (iii) maintain in full force and effect all licenses and permits necessary in any material respect for the proper conduct of its business; (iv) maintain its legal existence, its status as an open-end or, as the case may be, closed-end, management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act and its status as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code; (v) operate in material compliance with its declaration of trust, certificate or articles of incorporation, by-laws and/or other organizational documents, its Prospectus and all applicable investment policies and restrictions and agreements relating thereto; (vi) except for Permitted Mergers, not merge or consolidate with or into any entity or purchase all or substantially all of the assets or stock of any entity or sell or otherwise transfer all or any substantial portion of such Borrower's or such Fund’s assets (other than the sale of portfolio assets in the ordinary course of business as described in its Prospectus); (vii) not permit there to occur a change in the investment adviser of such Fund from the Investment Adviser (x) without the prior written consent of the Bank in its sole and absolute discretion or (y) unless the successor thereto is a Control Affiliate thereof; (viii) not permit there to occur (x) a change in the custodian of such Fund's assets from the Custodian or (y) a change in its administrator (other than to a Control Affiliate of Putnam Investment Management, LLC) or auditor (other than to another “big four” firm); (ix) not permit any change in the investment objectives or in the fundamental investment restrictions of such Borrower or Fund as described in its Prospectus, in any such case without the prior written consent of the Bank; (x) comply with all terms and provisions of all documents evidencing or securing any Indebtedness to or with the Bank and any other Indebtedness owing to any third party, including without limitation any Interfund Loans ("Other Indebtedness"); (xi) immediately notify the Bank of any event of default with respect to any Other Indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount exceeding the Threshold Amount and of any default under, or termination of, any agreement with the Custodian or with the Investment Adviser, and provide to the Bank a copy of any notice or claim of any such default or termination; (xii) promptly notify the Bank of any material litigation or governmental proceeding or investigation commenced or threatened in writing against such Borrower or Fund, to the extent permitted by applicable law; (xiii) immediately notify the Bank of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default hereunder; and (xiv) maintain with financially sound and reputable insurance companies insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is consistent with sound business practice and industry standards;



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(e) to permit the Bank or its representatives and agents to visit and inspect the properties of such Borrower and its respective Funds and to make copies or abstracts from such Borrower’s or Fund’s books and records at all such reasonable times and as often as may be reasonably desired;

(f) to provide to the Bank: (i) within 75 days after the end of each semi-annual period in each fiscal year, such Borrower’s or Fund’s semi-annual or annual, as the case may be, financial statements, including a statement of assets, liabilities and investments as of the end of each such period in a form reasonably acceptable to the Bank and, in the case of annual statements, audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, KPMG LLP or by another certified public accountant firm reasonably satisfactory to the Bank; (ii) promptly, all proxy materials, reports to shareholders and other information delivered to shareholders of such Borrower or Fund; (iii) promptly, all material reports, documents or other information relating to the financial condition of such Borrower or Fund that are delivered to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including in any event, copies of any new Prospectus or registration statement or any material change to any Prospectus or registration statement; (iv) prior to any Loan request or advance, and daily not later than 3:00 p.m. (Boston time) on each Business Day during which any Loans shall have been outstanding to such Fund (or more frequently as and when requested by the Bank), a certificate in the form attached as Exhibit B showing compliance by each such Fund with the borrowing limitations in Section I(2) above; and (v) such other financial statements and information as to each Borrower, Fund or the Investment Adviser as the Bank may reasonably request from time to time (all financial statements required hereunder to be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied);

(g) not engage, as borrower or lender, in Interfund Lending other than in compliance with the following conditions and limitations:

(i) such Interfund Lending (A) is not otherwise prohibited by law, (B) is conducted on terms and conditions in compliance in all respects with the terms of the Interfund Lending Exemptive Order, (C) has been duly authorized by each party thereto, (D) is not in contravention of the relevant lending and/or borrowing Fund's Prospectus, or any applicable law, rule or regulation, or any agreement to which the relevant Borrower on behalf of the relevant borrowing and/or lending Fund is a party or otherwise bound, including, without limitation, any agreement relating to any Interfund Loan, and (E) is deemed to be Indebtedness of the relevant borrowing Fund for all purposes under this Agreement, including for purposes of calculating the borrowing limitations hereunder and the covenant in Section II(1)(a) hereof;

(ii) a Fund may not be a lender of an Interfund Loan at any time during which such Fund has any Loan outstanding hereunder nor may a Fund use the proceeds of any Loan to make an Interfund Loan;



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(iii) upon and during the continuance of a Default or Event of Default with respect to any Fund, the applicable Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, will not make or permit any payment or prepayment of any Interfund Loans owing by such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, unless such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, concurrently makes a pro rata payment or prepayment of Loans owing by such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, if any, hereunder;

(iv) at the time of the borrowing of any Loan by a Borrower on behalf of a Fund hereunder, such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, shall not have outstanding as a borrower or a lender any Interfund Loan secured by a lien unless such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, shall have complied with Section II(1)(g)(v) hereof; and

(v) if at any time a Borrower, on behalf of any Fund, shall secure an Interfund Loan with collateral, such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, shall simultaneously therewith (A) in a manner reasonably acceptable to the Bank, equally and ratably secure its outstanding Loans, in the same manner and to the same extent as such Interfund Loan, (B) to the extent reasonably required by the Bank, cause the lender of such Interfund Loan to enter into an intercreditor agreement with the Bank in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, and (C) execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, such other agreements (including amendments to the Loan Documents), documents, instruments, certificates, Forms FR U-1 and legal opinions as the Bank may reasonably require

(h) execute and deliver such additional instruments and take such further actions as the Bank may from time to time reasonably request to effect the purpose of the Loan Documents and the Loans;

(i) to not, directly or, knowingly, indirectly use the proceeds of the Loans, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, (i) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any Anti-Corruption Laws, (ii) to fund any activities or business of or with any Person, or in any country, region or territory that, at the time of such funding, is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions in each case so as to result in a violation of Sanctions, or (iii) in any other manner that would result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the Loans, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise);

(j) to maintain in effect and enforce policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance in all material respects by such Borrower, its Funds and their respective



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directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions; and

(k) to not declare or make, or allow to be declared or made, any Restricted Payment, except: (i) such Borrower or Fund may declare or make any Restricted Payment payable solely in shares of the common stock of such Borrower or Fund; (ii) such Borrower or Fund may declare or make any Restricted Payment if no principal of any Loan to such Borrower or Fund shall be outstanding; (iii) such Borrower or Fund may declare or make any Restricted Payment if, immediately before and after giving effect thereto, no Event of Default with respect to such Borrower or Fund shall exist or would occur; (iv) Restricted Payments to the extent required by applicable law; and (v) Restricted Payments to the extent required to enable such Borrower or Fund to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Sections 851-855 of the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise minimize or eliminate federal or state income or excise taxes payable by such Borrower or Fund.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section II(1)(f) above, but without in any way limiting the rights of the Bank set forth therein, unless the Bank shall request paper copies of the financial and other information otherwise required to be furnished by the Borrowers to the Bank pursuant to subsections (i) and (ii) of such Section II(1)(f) above, the Borrower may deliver all such information to the Bank in a printable format by electronic means. The Borrower may make such electronic delivery by: (i) sending such information as an electronic mail attachment to such electronic mail addresses as shall be designated by the Bank, as applicable; or (ii) notifying the Bank by electronic mail (to such electronic mail addresses as shall be designated by the Bank, as applicable) that the documents are available on a website accessible to the Bank and further indicating a website hyperlink directing the user directly to the referenced documents posted thereon; provided that such information shall be made available on or before the dates specified in said subsections (i) and (ii) of such Section II(1)(f) above. Nothing contained in this paragraph shall require the Bank to maintain copies of the financial and other information referred to in this paragraph, and the Bank shall be solely responsible for requesting physical delivery of such information, or maintaining any such information, as applicable. Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, acknowledges that the distribution of material through an electronic medium is not necessarily secure and that there may be confidentiality and other risks associated with such distribution. In no event shall the Bank or any of its officers, directors, employees, agents, advisors or representatives have any liability to the Borrowers or Funds for damages of any kind, including without limitation, direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses arising out of the Borrowers’ transmission of communications through the internet.

2. Representations and Warranties. Each of the Borrowers severally (and not jointly) represents and warrants to the Bank, both as to itself (where applicable) and severally (and not jointly) as to each of its respective Funds (but not as to any other Borrower or Fund) that:



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(a) each such Borrower (i) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization; (ii) is registered as an open-end or, as the case may be, closed-end, management investment company under the Investment Company Act; (iii) is qualified as a regulated investment company within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code; (iv) has all requisite power and authority to own its property and conduct its business as is now conducted and is duly authorized to do business in each jurisdiction where the nature of its properties or business requires such qualification and where failure to be so qualified would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (v) is in material compliance with its declaration of trust, certificate or articles of incorporation, by-laws and/or other organizational documents and applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the Investment Company Act and Regulations T, U and X; and (vi) has filed all required income tax returns and has paid all taxes due pursuant to such returns, and the charges, accruals and reserves on the books and records of such Borrower or Fund with respect to such taxes and charges are adequate;

(b) the execution, delivery and performance of each of the Loan Documents and the making of any Loan by the Bank to such Borrower, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereunder (i) are, and will be, within such Borrower’s or Fund’s power and authority; (ii) have been authorized by all necessary trust or corporate proceedings, as the case may be; (iii) do not, and will not, require the consent of any shareholders or other equity holders of such Borrower or Fund or the approval or consent of, or any notice to or filing with, any governmental authority, other than those which have been received or completed; (iv) will not contravene any provision of, or exceed any limitation contained in, the certificate or articles of incorporation, declaration of trust, by-laws and/or other organizational documents of such Borrower or Fund or its Prospectus or any judgment, decree or order or any law, rule or regulation applicable to such Borrower or Fund, including, without limitation, the Investment Company Act; (v) are, and will be, in compliance with Regulations T, U and X and the Investment Company Act; (vi) do not and will not constitute a violation of, or a default under any other agreement, order or undertaking binding on such Borrower or Fund; and (vii) do not require the consent or approval of any obligee or holder of any instrument relating to any Other Indebtedness or any other party other than for those consents and approvals which have been received;

(c) no portion of any proceeds of any Loan shall be used directly or indirectly in violation of any provision of any statute, regulation, order or restriction applicable to the Bank or such Borrower or Fund, including Regulation U;

(d) each of the Loan Documents has been duly executed and delivered by each Borrower and constitutes the legal, valid, binding and enforceable obligation of such Borrower, on behalf of its respective Funds, except as the same may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally and by general equitable principles;



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(e) all financial statements of the Funds previously furnished to the Bank by such Borrower or Fund were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and present fairly in all material respects the financial position of such Fund; since the date of the most recent audited financial statements furnished to the Bank prior to the date of this Agreement, there has been no material adverse change in the assets, liabilities, financial condition or business of such Borrower or any of its respective Funds; and such Borrower has disclosed to the Bank any and all facts which, to the best of such Borrower’s knowledge, after due inquiry, materially and adversely affect or could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect, the business, assets, operations or financial condition of such Borrower or any of its respective Funds or the ability of such Borrower, on behalf of its respective Funds, to perform its obligations under the Loan Documents;

(f) such Borrower has good and marketable title to all its material properties, assets and rights of every name and nature purportedly owned by it on behalf of its respective Funds except for encumbrances permitted by Section II(1)(c) above;

(g) there is no litigation, arbitration, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the best of such Borrower’s knowledge, overtly threatened against, such Borrower or any of its respective Funds or the Investment Adviser which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, except those described on Exhibit C attached hereto;

(h) the shares of such Borrower and its respective Funds have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and are eligible for sale under applicable state and federal securities laws and regulations; each Fund has been duly established as a separate series of a Borrower and its assets and liabilities are segregated from the assets and liabilities of each other series or portfolios of such Borrower;

(i) with regard to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and the rules and regulations thereunder, collectively, as amended and in effect from time to time (“ERISA”), neither such Borrower nor its respective Funds is treated as a single employer with any other person under ERISA, and none has any liability with respect to any benefit arrangement, plan or multi-employer plan subject to ERISA;

(j) neither such Borrower nor its respective Funds is an “Affiliated Person”, as defined in the Investment Company Act, of the Bank;

(k) the Investment Adviser serves as investment adviser to each of the Funds, and the Custodian serves as custodian for the assets of each of the Funds;



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(l) such Borrower and its respective Funds have complied with, and is in compliance with, the investment objectives and policies and investment restrictions set forth in its Prospectus;

(m) (i) none of any Borrower or Fund, any of such Borrower's or Fund's subsidiaries, nor any director, other than an independent director, or officer of such Borrower, Fund or subsidiary, nor, to such Borrower’s knowledge, any independent director, employee, agent or affiliate of such Borrower, Fund or any of their subsidiaries is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by Persons that are (x) the subject or target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty's Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, "Sanctions") or (y) located, organized or resident of a country or territory that is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions so as to result in a violation of Sanctions; (ii) each Borrower and Fund has implemented and maintains in effect policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by such Borrower and Fund and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions; and (iii) each Borrower, each Fund and their respective directors (other than independent directors) and officers and, to the knowledge of each Borrower, its independent directors, employees and agents, are in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions in all material respects; and

(n) no Borrower or Fund has any Subsidiaries, except that each Borrower or Fund shall be permitted to have one Subsidiary; provided that (i) such Subsidiary shall at all times be wholly owned by such Borrower or Fund, (ii) such Subsidiary shall at no time have any Indebtedness for borrowed money, (iii) such Borrower or Fund shall at no time invest more than 25% of its assets in such Subsidiary, and (iv) such Subsidiary shall be managed by the Investment Adviser or a Control Affiliate thereof at all times.

The making of each Loan hereunder to any Borrower on behalf of any Fund, shall be deemed to be a reaffirmation by such Borrower on behalf of such Fund, as to the representations and warranties contained in this Section II(2) and confirmation that no Default or Event of Default with respect to such Borrower or Fund has occurred hereunder or will occur after giving effect to the making of such Loan.

3. Default. It will be a default hereunder with respect to any Fund if any of the following events (each, an “Event of Default”) occurs with respect to such Fund, with respect to the applicable Borrower acting on behalf of such Fund, or, as applicable, with respect to the Investment Adviser:

(a) such Borrower, acting on behalf of such Fund, fails (i) to pay when due any amount of principal of any Loan, whether on demand, at maturity, upon acceleration, pursuant to a mandatory repayment or prepayment provision hereof or otherwise, or (ii) to pay



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within three Business Days of when due any amount of interest on any Loan or any fees or expenses or other amounts payable under any of the Loan Documents; or

(b) such Borrower or Fund (i) shall fail to perform any term, covenant or agreement contained in any of Sections II(1)(a)-(c) hereof, Sections II(1)(d)(iv)–(xiii) hereof, Section II(1)(f) hereof or in any of Sections II(1)(i)-(j) hereof; or (ii) shall fail to perform any term, covenant or agreement contained in any of the Loan Documents (other than those specified elsewhere in this Section II(3)) or a default or event of default occurs thereunder and, in the case of this clause (ii), such failure or default or event of default shall continue for a period of thirty (30) days; or

(c) any material representation or warranty of such Borrower or Fund made in any of the Loan Documents or as an inducement for the Bank to make any Loan shall prove to have been false in any material respect upon the date when made or deemed to have been made; or

(d) such Borrower, acting on behalf of such Fund (i) fails to pay or perform when due any Obligation, whether now existing or hereafter arising, other than those referred to above in this Section II(3), or (ii) fails to pay at maturity, or within any applicable period of grace, (A) any obligations under the Syndicated Facility, (B) any Interfund Loan or (C) any Other Indebtedness in excess of the Threshold Amount, (iii) fails to observe or perform beyond any applicable grace period any term, covenant or agreement evidencing or securing (A) the Syndicated Facility, (B) any Interfund Loan or (C) such Other Indebtedness in excess of the Threshold Amount or, (iv) in the case of a Financial Contract with net exposure to such Fund in excess of the Threshold Amount, any event or conditions shall occur which enables (or, with the giving or notice or lapse of time or both, would enable) the non-defaulting party to terminate the contract evidencing such Financial Contract; or

(e) such Borrower or Fund or the Investment Adviser (i) applies for or consents to the appointment of, or the taking of possession by, a receiver, custodian, trustee, liquidator or similar official of itself or of all or a substantial part of its property; (ii) is generally not paying its debts as such debts become due; (iii) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; (iv) commences any case or proceeding under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, winding-up or composition or adjustment of debts, or any other law providing for the relief of debtors; (v) fails to contest in a timely or appropriate manner, or acquiesces in writing to, any petition filed against it in an involuntary case under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, winding-up or composition or adjustment of debts, or any other law providing for the relief of debtors; (vi) takes any actions under state, federal or other applicable law in order to commence the liquidation of the Borrower or Fund (except in cases where shareholder approval is needed for such liquidation, the adoption of board of trustees resolutions approving such liquidation that are conditioned upon the prior payment in full of the



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Obligations), (vii) takes any action under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization similar to any of the foregoing, or (viii) discontinues its business; or

(f) a proceeding or case shall be commenced against such Borrower or Fund or the Investment Adviser without the application or consent of such party, in any court of competent jurisdiction, seeking (i) the liquidation, reorganization, dissolution, winding-up, or composition or readjustment of its debts; (ii) the appointment of a trustee, receiver, custodian, liquidator or the like of it or of all or any substantial part of its assets; or (iii) similar relief in respect of it, under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, winding-up, or composition or adjustment of debts or any other law providing for the relief of debtors, and such proceeding or case shall continue undismissed, or unstayed and in effect, for a period of 60 days; or an order for relief shall be entered in an involuntary case under the Federal Bankruptcy Code, against such Borrower or Fund or the Investment Adviser or action under the laws of the jurisdiction of incorporation or organization of such Borrower or Fund or the Investment Adviser similar to any of the foregoing shall be taken with respect to such Borrower or Fund or the Investment Adviser and shall continue unstayed and in effect for any period of 60 days; or

(g) a final judgment or final order for the payment of money shall be entered against such Borrower or Fund by any court of competent jurisdiction, or an execution or similar process shall be issued or levied against property of such Borrower or Fund, that in the aggregate exceeds the Threshold Amount, and such judgment, order, warrant or process shall not be, within 30 days after entry thereof, discharged or stayed pending appeal or shall not be discharged within 30 days after the expiration of such stay; or

(h) the Custodian shall cease to serve as the custodian for such Fund’s assets, in each instance without the prior written consent of the Bank; or

(i) the Investment Adviser shall cease to be the investment adviser to such Borrower or Fund unless the successor thereto (A) is a Control Affiliate thereof, or (B) is acceptable to the Bank in its sole and absolute discretion; or

(j) the investment adviser of such Borrower or Fund shall (i) consolidate with or merge into any other Person, unless it is the survivor or such other Person is a Control Affiliate thereof, or (ii) sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets; or

(k) the Investment Adviser shall fail to be a Control Affiliate of Great-West Lifeco Inc., without the consent of the Bank in its sole and absolute discretion; or

(l) the suspension of registration of such Borrower’s or Fund’s shares or the commencement of any proceeding for such purpose; or



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(m) any Fundamental Policy of such Borrower or Fund is changed (other than pursuant to a Permitted Merger of one or more Funds into another Fund, pursuant to which the Fundamental Policies of one of such Funds become the Fundamental Policies of the surviving Fund).

4. Remedies. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section II(3)(e) or (f), immediately and automatically; and upon the occurrence of any other Event of Default, at any time thereafter while such Event of Default is continuing, at the Bank's option and upon the Bank's declaration:

(a) the Uncommitted Line established hereunder shall terminate with respect to the subject Fund;

(b) the unpaid principal amount of the Loans to the Borrower on behalf of the subject Fund, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, all fees, expenses and other Obligations of the subject Fund, shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or further notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived; and

(c) the Bank may exercise any and all rights it has under any of the Loan Documents and proceed to protect and enforce the Bank's rights by any action at law, in equity or other appropriate proceeding as it relates to the subject Fund.

Each of the Borrowers, on behalf of each of its respective Funds, authorizes the Bank and the Custodian, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to any such Fund, to charge and setoff against any deposit account or other account maintained with either the Bank or the Custodian on behalf of such Borrower on behalf of each applicable Fund, and apply the proceeds thereof against repayment of any unpaid Obligations of the Borrower on behalf of such Fund, as appropriate. In addition, the Custodian, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to any such Fund, is hereby directed by each Borrower, on behalf of each of its respective Funds, to dispose of such Fund’s assets as selected by the Investment Adviser to the extent necessary to repay all amounts due to the Bank from such Borrower on behalf of such Fund to the extent that the Obligations of such Borrower on behalf of such Fund, have not been paid when due or if any other Event of Default with respect to such Fund has occurred. If the Investment Adviser does not select a sufficient amount of assets to repay all amounts due to the Bank from such Borrower on behalf of such Fund, within a reasonable time, the Custodian is hereby directed by such Borrower on behalf of such Fund, upon one day’s prior written notice to such Borrower on behalf of such Fund, and its Investment Adviser, to dispose of such Fund’s assets to the extent necessary to repay all amounts due to the Bank from such Borrower on behalf of such Fund. The foregoing shall be deemed to be continuing and irrevocable "proper instructions" to the Custodian for all purposes under the applicable custody agreement between such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, and the Custodian. The foregoing shall be in addition to any other rights or remedies the



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Bank and the Custodian may have against such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, following the occurrence of an Event of Default hereunder.

No right of the Bank shall be exclusive of any other right of the Bank now or hereafter available under the Loan Documents, at law, in equity or otherwise, and no course of dealing or delay by the Bank in exercising any right shall operate as a waiver thereof or otherwise affect any rights or remedies of the Bank.

NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING LISTED EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES OF THE BANK ARISING AS A RESULT THEREOF, NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO COMPROMISE THE DISCRETIONARY, UNCOMMITTED NATURE OF THE UNCOMMITTED LINE, AND EACH OF THE BORROWERS AGREES AND UNDERSTANDS THAT THE MAKING OF ANY LOAN HEREUNDER SHALL REMAIN IN THE SOLE AND ABSOLUTE DISCRETION OF THE BANK AND THE BANK SHALL HAVE NO COMMITMENT WITH RESPECT THERETO WHETHER OR NOT AN EVENT OF DEFAULT SHALL HAVE OCCURRED OR BE CONTINUING AND WHETHER OR NOT THE UNCOMMITTED LINE SHALL HAVE BEEN FORMALLY TERMINATED PURSUANT TO SECTION II(4)(a) ABOVE.

5. Notices. . (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) below, all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by facsimile as follows: (i) if to any Borrower or Fund, to it at One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109, Attention of: Robert T. Burns, Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Telephone No.: (617) 760-7043 and (ii) if to the Bank, to State Street Bank and Trust Company, Copley Place Tower, CPH 0430, 100 Huntington Ave., Tower 2, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02116, or via facsimile at (617) 662-8664, or if by overnight courier service, to State Street Bank and Trust Company, 2 Copley Place, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02116, in any such case to the attention of: Janet B. Nolin, Vice President, or Mutual Fund Lending Department Head. Notices sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices sent by facsimile shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next business day for the recipient). Notices delivered through electronic communications, to the extent provided in paragraph (b) below, shall be effective as provided in said paragraph (b).

(b) Electronic Communications. Notices made by a Borrower or a Fund consisting of requests for loans or notices of repayments hereunder may be delivered or furnished by e-mail, facsimile or other electronic communication pursuant to procedures approved by the Bank, unless the Bank, in its discretion, notifies the Borrowers otherwise. Communications transmitted by a Borrower or a Fund consisting of financial information permitted to be delivered by electronic means pursuant to the last paragraph of Section II(1) above may be delivered or



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furnished by electronic means as provided in such Section. The Bank may, in its discretion, agree to accept other notices and communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. Neither the Bank nor any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or Affiliates shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

Unless the Bank otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed to have been given when received by the Bank and (ii) financial information posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient, at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i), of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that, for both clauses (i) and (ii) above, if such notice, email or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient.

(c) Change of Address, etc. Any party hereto may change its address or facsimile number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto.

6. Amendments and Waivers. No waivers shall be effective unless in writing. No right of the Bank shall be exclusive of any other right of the Bank now or hereafter available under the Loan Documents, at law, in equity or otherwise; or by statute or any other provision of law; and no course of dealing or delay by the Bank in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof or otherwise affect any rights or remedies of the Bank. All amendments hereto must be in writing signed by each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, and the Bank.

7. Assignments and Participations. No Borrower or Fund may assign or transfer or participate any of its rights or obligations under any of the Loan Documents without the prior written consent of the Bank. The Bank may assign or transfer its rights and obligations hereunder to any other person or entity with the prior consent of the relevant Borrower, on behalf of the relevant Fund, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld and such consent not being required (i) if the assignee thereof is an Affiliate of the assignor or (ii) following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default. The Bank may also pledge or participate its rights hereunder to any Federal Reserve Bank or to any other Person without the consent of any Borrower or Fund; provided however, that no such Person taking solely a participation interest in any of the Obligations, without the consent of the relevant Borrower on behalf of the relevant Fund shall have any rights with respect to such participation other than the right to vote on



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changes in interest, fees, line amount, principal payments, maturity or other payment dates, and any advance rates or borrowing limitations described herein.

8. Setoff. Any amounts owing from the Bank to any Borrower on behalf of any Fund including deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final), may, at any time following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to such Fund, be set off and applied against the obligations of such Borrower, on behalf of such Fund, to the Bank.

9. Expenses. Subject to the terms of Section I(5)(c) above, each of the Borrowers agrees, on behalf of each of its respective Funds, to pay on demand all reasonable expenses of the Bank in connection with the preparation, negotiation, closing and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and all reasonable expenses of the Bank in connection with the amendment, waiver, default or collection of the Obligations of such Fund to the Bank or in connection with the Bank's exercise or enforcement, following an Event of Default with respect to such Fund, of any of its rights, remedies or options thereunder, including, without limitation, reasonable fees of outside legal counsel or the allocated costs of in-house legal counsel, accounting, consulting, brokerage or other similar professional fees or expenses; and the amount of all such expenses shall, to the extent not paid within thirty (30) days after written demand therefore by the Bank, bear interest at the rate applicable to the Loans (including any default rate) until paid in full. The provisions of this Section II(9) shall survive the repayment of the Obligations and the termination of the Uncommitted Line and this Agreement.

10. Indemnification. Subject to the terms of Section I(5)(c) above, each of the Borrowers agrees, on behalf of each of its respective Funds (a) to indemnify the Bank against any transfer taxes, documentary taxes, assessments or charges made by any governmental authority by reason of the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Note; and (b) to indemnify and hold harmless the Bank and its directors, officers, employees, agents and Affiliates from and against any and all liabilities, losses, damages, costs, and reasonable expenses of any kind, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel, which may be incurred by the Bank in connection with any civil, investigative, administrative or judicial proceeding (whether or not the Bank shall be a designated party thereto) relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any actual or proposed use of proceeds of any Loans hereunder, provided that the Bank shall not have the right to be indemnified hereunder for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. To the extent permitted by applicable law, none of the Borrowers shall assert, and each of the Borrowers, on behalf of its respective Funds, hereby waives, any claim against the Bank or its directors, officers, employees, agents or Affiliates, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any Loan or the use of proceeds thereof. The provisions of this Section II(10)



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shall survive the repayment of the Obligations and the termination of the Uncommitted Line and this Agreement.

11. Waiver of Jury Trial. Except as prohibited by law, neither any of the Borrowers or their respective Funds nor the Bank nor any assignee or successor of any of them, shall seek a jury trial in any lawsuit, proceeding, counterclaim or any other litigation procedure based upon or arising out of any of the Loan Documents. Neither any of the Borrowers or their respective Funds nor the Bank will seek to consolidate any such action in which a jury trial has been waived with any other action in which a jury trial has not been waived. THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION HAVE BEEN FULLY DISCUSSED BY THE PARTIES HERETO, AND THE PROVISIONS HEREOF SHALL BE SUBJECT TO NO EXCEPTIONS. NO PARTY HERETO HAS IN ANY WAY AGREED WITH OR REPRESENTED TO ANY OTHER PARTY THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION WILL NOT BE FULLY ENFORCED IN ALL INSTANCES.

12. Jurisdiction. EACH OF THE LOAN DOCUMENTS SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS (EXCLUDING THE LAWS APPLICABLE TO CONFLICTS OR CHOICE OF LAW). EACH BORROWER AND FUND AGREES THAT ANY SUIT FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY OF THE LOAN DOCUMENTS MAY BE BROUGHT IN THE COURTS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS OR ANY FEDERAL COURT SITTING THEREIN AND CONSENTS TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURT AND THE SERVICE OF PROCESS IN ANY SUCH SUIT BEING MADE UPON SUCH BORROWER OR FUND BY MAIL AT THE ADDRESS SPECIFIED ABOVE. EACH BORROWER AND FUND HEREBY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH SUIT OR ANY SUCH COURT OR THAT SUCH SUIT IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT COURT.

13. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed to be an original document, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by telecopy, PDF or other electronic format shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

14. USA Patriot Act. The Bank hereby notifies each of the Borrowers that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the "Patriot Act"), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each Borrower, which information includes the name and address of each Borrower and other information that will allow the Bank to identify the Borrowers in accordance with the Patriot Act.



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15. Confidentiality. The Bank will maintain the confidential nature of all non-public information furnished to it by a Borrower in accordance with the Bank’s customary procedures for maintaining the confidential nature of information of this nature; provided, however, that such information may be disclosed:

(a) to any Affiliate of the Bank and to the Bank’s and to the Bank’s Affiliates’ respective partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, auditors, advisors and other representatives (it being understood that the persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such information and instructed to keep such information confidential);

(b) pursuant to any statutory or regulatory requirement or any court order, subpoena or other legal process and to any regulatory authority, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, stock exchanges, state and federal bank and insurance regulators and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners;

(c) to any assignee or participant or any prospective assignee or participant in the Bank’s rights and obligations under the Loan Documents; provided, however, that any such person shall agree to comply with the restrictions set forth in this Section with respect to such information;

(d) in connection with the enforcement of any Loan Document or any litigation or other proceeding relating to any Loan Document;

(e) to the extent such information (i) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (ii) becomes available to the Bank or any of its Affiliates on a non-confidential basis from a source other than a Borrower that to the Bank’s actual knowledge does not involve the breach by such source of a confidentiality obligation; and

(f) with the prior written consent of a Borrower, to any other person.

In addition, the Bank may include references to a Borrower and the credit facility provided hereby in connection with any advertising or marketing undertaken by the Bank. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section, any information that would, but for this sentence, constitute confidential material shall cease to be confidential material after the second anniversary of the date such information was first received by the Bank.

16. Definitions. Except as otherwise defined herein, all financial terms shall be defined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The following defined terms as used herein shall have the following meanings:

Adjusted Net Assets” shall mean, as applied to any Fund at any time, (a) the value of the Total Assets of such Fund at such time, less (b) Total Liabilities (excluding



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Indebtedness for borrowed money) of such Fund at such time. For purposes of calculating Adjusted Net Assets for any Fund, the amount of any liability included in Total Liabilities shall be equal to the greater of (i) the outstanding amount of such liability and (ii) the fair market value of all assets pledged, hypothecated or otherwise segregated to secure such liability.

Affiliate” of a Person shall mean (a) any other Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding with power to vote, greater than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such Person, (b) any other Person greater than 50% of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such Person, or (c) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other Person. For purposes of this defined term, “control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, and “controlling” and “controlled” shall have correlative meanings.

Agreement” shall mean this letter agreement and all appendices, exhibits and schedules attached hereto, as any of the same may be amended, restated, extended, replaced or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time.

Anti-Corruption Laws” means all laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to any Borrower or any Fund from time to time concerning or relating to bribery or corruption.

Applicable Percentage” means (a) with respect to each Restricted Borrower, 25%, and (b) with respect to each other Borrower or Fund, 33 1/3%.

Bank” shall have the meaning given to such term in the preamble hereto.

Borrower” shall have the meaning given to such term in the preamble hereto.

Business Day” shall mean any day excluding Saturday and Sunday and excluding any other day which shall be in Boston, Massachusetts a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are required or authorized by law to close.

Control Affiliate” of a Person means (a) any other Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding with power to vote, greater than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such Person, (b) any other Person greater than 50% of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such Person, or (c) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other Person. For purposes of this defined term, “control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, and “controlling” and “controlled” shall have correlative meanings.



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Custodian” shall mean State Street Bank and Trust Company, in its capacity as custodian of the assets of each Fund.

Default” shall mean any event which, with the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default.

ERISA” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section II(2)(i) hereof.

Event of Default” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section II(3) hereof.

Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as modified or interpreted by orders of the SEC, or other interpretative releases or letters issued by the SEC or its staff, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to be a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision.

Expiration Date” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section I(1) hereof.

Federal Funds Rate” shall mean, at the relevant time of reference thereto, the rate that appears on Bloomberg page BTMM, as of 9:30 a.m. (Boston time), as the "Federal Funds Ask Rate", or, if such page is unavailable, any successor or substitute page of such service providing quotations comparable to those currently provided on such page of such service, as determined by the Bank from time to time for purposes of providing quotations, or if such rate is not so published or is otherwise unavailable, the quotation received by the Bank from a federal funds broker of recognized standing as selected by the Bank in its reasonable discretion.

Financial Contracts” shall mean option contracts, options on futures contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on foreign currencies, foreign currency contracts, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, mortgage rolls, credit-linked notes, indexed securities, collateralized debt obligations, firm and standby commitment agreements, securities lending agreements, when-issued contracts and securities, swap, swaption, floor, cap, or collar agreements, other similar arrangements and other obligations that would be, but for the segregation of assets thereof, Senior Securities.

Fund” shall mean each of the respective fund series of the Borrowers from time to time listed on Appendix I hereto, if any, and if at any time any Borrower party hereto shall not have any fund series and shall be a party hereto and borrowing hereunder for itself and not on behalf of any such fund series, the term “Fund” shall also mean and refer to such Borrower in such capacity.



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Fundamental Policy” means, with respect to any Borrower or Fund, any of such Borrower’s or Fund’s Investment Policies and Restrictions that may not be changed without the approval of the stockholders of such Borrower or Fund.

Indebtedness” shall mean, as applied to any Borrower or Fund, (a) all obligations for borrowed money or extensions of credit; (b) all obligations evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments; (c) all obligations to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business; (d) all obligations under any lease which are or should be capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (e) all guarantees, endorsements and other contingent obligations, whether direct or indirect, in respect of Indebtedness of others, including any obligation to supply funds to or in any manner to invest in, directly or indirectly, the debtor (whether by way of loan, stock purchase, capital contribution or otherwise), to purchase Indebtedness, or to assure the owner of Indebtedness against loss, through an agreement to purchase goods, supplies or services for the purpose of enabling the debtor to make payment of the Indebtedness held by such owner or otherwise, and the obligations to reimburse the issuer in respect of any letters of credit or performance or surety bonds, or other similar obligations; (f) all obligations in respect of judgments; (g) all obligations in respect of banker's acceptances and under reverse repurchase agreements; (h) all obligations in respect of swaps, futures contracts, options, options on futures contracts and other similar portfolio investments and investment techniques, including all liabilities secured by any mortgage, pledge, security interest, lien, charge or other encumbrance existing on property owned or acquired subject thereto, or with respect to which assets have been segregated, whether or not the liability secured thereby shall have been assumed, including without limitation, any cash or securities held or otherwise pledged as collateral in connection with any such portfolio investments or investment techniques; and (i) all obligations that are Senior Securities Representing Indebtedness of such Person.

Interfund Lending” shall mean lending by a registered investment company or a series thereof advised by the Investment Adviser to one or more other registered investment companies or series thereof advised by the Investment Adviser, or borrowing by a registered investment company or a series thereof advised by the Investment Adviser from one or more other registered investment companies or series thereof advised by the Investment Adviser, in either case pursuant to the Interfund Lending Exemptive Order.

Interfund Lending Agreement” shall mean any agreement between one or more Funds or other investment companies or series thereof advised by the Investment Adviser providing for the making of loans from time to time from one such Fund or such other investment companies or series thereof to other Funds or other investment companies or series thereof, as any such agreements may be from time to time amended.



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Interfund Lending Exemptive Order” shall mean that certain exemptive order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 2002 (Investment Company Act of 1940 Release No. 25519) in the matter of Putnam American Government Income Fund, et al. providing exemptive relief permitting an Interfund Lending program pursuant to the terms of the application dated March 13, 2002 (Investment Company Act of 1940 Release Nos. 25461, 812-10806).

Interfund Loan” shall mean any loan or advance by or to a Fund pursuant to an Interfund Lending Agreement.

Internal Revenue Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with all related rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Investment Adviser” shall mean Putnam Investment Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or any affiliate thereof that serves as investment adviser to any Fund.

Investment Company Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as modified or interpreted by orders of the SEC, or other interpretative releases or letters issued by the SEC or its staff, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to include a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision.

Investment Policies and Restrictions” means, with respect to each Borrower or Fund, the material provisions of the Prospectus (as delivered to the Bank on the date hereof), and other documents dealing with such Borrower’s or Fund’s investment objectives, investment policies and strategies, and investment restrictions, as such objectives, policies, strategies and restrictions may be further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified in accordance with applicable law, including without limitation, the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act.

Loan” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section I(2) hereof.

Loan Documents” shall mean this Agreement, the Note and any other documents, instruments or agreements executed in connection herewith, as any of the same may be amended, restated, extended, renewed, replaced or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time.

Material Adverse Effect” shall mean a material adverse effect on (a) the business condition (financial or otherwise), operations, performance or properties of the applicable Borrower or Fund, (b) the rights or remedies of the Bank under the Loan Documents, or (c) the



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ability of the applicable Borrower, on behalf of any of its respective Funds, to perform its obligations under the Loan Documents.

Maximum Amount” shall mean, at any time with respect to any Fund, the lesser of (a) the Applicable Percentage of the Adjusted Net Assets of such Fund at such time, and (b) the maximum amount which such Fund is permitted to borrow (after taking into account all then outstanding Indebtedness) pursuant to its Prospectus, the Investment Company Act or any registration made thereunder, any vote of the shareholders of the applicable Borrower or such Fund, any agreement of the applicable Borrower or such Fund with any foreign, federal, state or local securities division to which such Borrower or such Fund is subject, any other applicable agreement or document to which such Borrower or such Fund is a party or any law, rule or regulation applicable to such Borrower or such Fund.

Net Assets” shall mean, with respect to any Fund at any time, the value of the Total Assets of such Fund at such time less the Total Liabilities of such Fund at such time.

Note” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section I(3) hereof.

Obligations” shall mean, with respect to any Borrower, any and all obligations of such Borrower, on behalf of each of itself or its applicable Funds, to the Bank of every kind and description, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, primary or secondary, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising, regardless of how they arise or by what agreement or instrument, if any, and including obligations to perform acts or refrain from taking action as well as obligations to pay money.

Other Indebtedness” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section II(1)(d) hereof.

Other Taxes” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section I(5)(b) hereof.

Per Fund Limit Amount” shall mean at any time with respect to any Fund, the lesser of (i) the Uncommitted Line Amount, and (ii) the difference of (A) $200,000,000 minus (B) the aggregate principal amount of all loans, if any, outstanding to such Fund at such time under the Syndicated Facility.

Permitted Merger(s)” shall mean (a) the merger or reorganization of one or more Funds with and into any other Fund, or (b) the merger or reorganization of any fund series of any Borrower which is not a Fund hereunder with and into any Fund so long as the Fund is the survivor of such merger or reorganization; provided that, in the case of any such merger or reorganization pursuant to the foregoing clauses (a) or (b), (i) the relevant Borrower shall have provided written notice in reasonable detail to the Bank of its intention to effect such merger or



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reorganization, together with a revised Appendix I hereto reflecting such merger, at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the effectiveness of such merger, and (ii) no Default or Event of Default shall exist or result from such merger or reorganization (including, without limitation, any failure to satisfy the borrowing limitations contained in Section I(2) as a result thereof).

Person” means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, an association, a trust (or series thereof) or any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.

Prospectus” shall mean at any time the then current prospectus and statement of additional information of any Borrower or Fund.

Regulation T” shall mean Regulation T of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States, as amended and in effect from time to time.

Regulation U” shall mean Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States, as amended and in effect from time to time.

Regulation X” shall mean Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States, as amended and in effect from time to time.

Restricted Borrower” means, as of any date, any Borrower or Fund that makes or maintains one or more investments in one or more mutual funds, closed-end funds or other pooled-investment vehicles, whether or not registered under the Investment Company Act (other than “2a-7 funds”), the value of which investments, in the aggregate, exceed 10% of such Borrower’s or Fund’s total assets.

Sanctions” has the meaning set forth in Section II(2)(m).

SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental authority of the United States of America at the time administering the Securities Act, the Investment Company Act or the Exchange Act.

Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as modified or interpreted by orders of the SEC, or other interpretative releases or letters issued by the SEC or its staff, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to be a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision

Senior Securities” has the meaning set forth in the first sentence of Section 18(g) of the Investment Company Act.



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Senior Securities Representing Indebtedness” has the meaning set forth in the first sentence of Section 18(g) of the Investment Company Act.

Subsidiary” of a Borrower means any corporation or other entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions are at the time directly or indirectly owned by such Borrower.

Syndicated Facility” shall mean the separate committed, unsecured syndicated line of credit made available by the Bank and certain other lenders to the Funds, with State Street Bank and Trust Company acting in its capacity as agent for such lenders, pursuant to a credit agreement dated on or about the date hereof, as the same may be amended, restated, extended, renewed, replaced or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time.

Taxes” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section I(5)(b) hereof.

Threshold Amount” shall mean, with respect to each Borrower and Fund as of any date, an amount equal to the lesser of (a) $25,000,000 or (b) 5% of the aggregate net asset value of such Borrower or Fund.

Total Assets” shall mean, with respect to any Fund at any time, all assets of such Fund which in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles would be classified as assets on a balance sheet of such Fund at such time; provided, however, that Total Assets shall not include (a) equipment, (b) securities owned by such Fund which are in default (except to the extent that such Fund is required or permitted to attribute a value thereto pursuant to the Investment Company Act and its Prospectus) or determined to be worthless pursuant to any policy of such Fund’s board of trustees, and (c) deferred organizational and offering expenses. For purposes of this definition, the value of each Fund’s assets shall be determined based upon the current market value thereof with reference to daily prices provided by independent pricing sources and otherwise in accordance with the Investment Company Act.

Total Liabilities” shall mean, with respect to any Fund at any time, the aggregate amount of all items which would be set forth as liabilities on a balance sheet of such Fund at such time in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Uncommitted Line” shall have the meaning given to such term in the preamble hereto.

Uncommitted Line Amount” shall mean $235,500,000.

17. Miscellaneous. A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of each Fund, as amended or restated from time to time, is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of



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The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Notice is hereby given, and it is expressly agreed, that the obligations under this Agreement of any such Fund shall not be binding upon any of the trustees, shareholders, nominees, officers, agents or employees of such Fund personally, but bind only the trust property of such Fund. In the case of each Fund, the execution and delivery of this Agreement on its behalf has been authorized by its trustees, and this Agreement has been executed and delivered by an authorized officer, in each case acting in such capacity and not individually, and neither such authorization by the trustees nor such execution and delivery shall be deemed to have been made by any of them individually, but shall only bind the trust property of each Fund.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] 

 



Putnam Uncommitted Line Signature Page 1 

 

If the foregoing satisfactorily sets forth the terms and conditions of the Uncommitted Line, please execute and return to the undersigned each of the Loan Documents and such other documents and agreements as the Bank may request. We are pleased to provide the Uncommitted Line hereunder and look forward to the ongoing development of our relationship.

 

Very truly yours, 
 
STATE STREET BANK AND 
TRUST COMPANY, as Bank 
 
 
By: ___/s/ Janet B. Nolin_______________ 
Janet B. Nolin 
Vice President 

 

Acknowledged and Accepted:

PUTNAM AMERICAN GOVERNMENT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND

PUTNAM ASSET ALLOCATION FUNDS, on behalf of
its fund series as listed in Appendix I attached hereto

PUTNAM CALIFORNIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND
PUTNAM DIVERSIFIED INCOME TRUST
PUTNAM EQUITY INCOME FUND
PUTNAM EUROPE EQUITY FUND

PUTNAM FUNDS TRUST, on behalf of
its fund series as listed in Appendix I attached hereto

PUTNAM GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
PUTNAM GLOBAL HEALTH CARE FUND
PUTNAM GLOBAL INCOME TRUST
PUTNAM GLOBAL NATURAL RESOURCES FUND
PUTNAM GLOBAL UTILITIES FUND
PUTNAM HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND
PUTNAM HIGH YIELD TRUST
PUTNAM INCOME FUND
PUTNAM INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND

PUTNAM INVESTMENT FUNDS, on behalf of
its fund series as listed in Appendix I attached hereto



Putnam Uncommitted Line Signature Page 2 

 

PUTNAM INVESTORS FUND
PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM MORTGAGE RECOVERY FUND
PUTNAM MULTI-CAP GROWTH FUND
PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM NEW YORK TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND

PUTNAM TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST, on behalf of
its fund series as listed in Appendix I attached hereto

PUTNAM US GOVERNMENT INCOME TRUST

PUTNAM VARIABLE TRUST, on behalf of
its fund series as listed in Appendix I attached hereto

PUTNAM VOYAGER FUND
GEORGE PUTNAM BALANCED FUND
THE PUTNAM FUND FOR GROWTH AND INCOME

By: _____/s/ Jonathan Horwitz_______________________________ 
Jonathan Horwitz 
Executive Vice President, of each of the foregoing 

 



Putnam Uncommitted Line Signature Page 3 

 

Acknowledged:

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY,
as Custodian

By: ___/s/ Gunjan Kedia____________________________ 
Name:  Gunjan Kedia 
Title:     Executive Vice President 

 



APPENDIX I
 
List of Borrowers and Funds 
 

 

PUTNAM AMERICAN GOVERNMENT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND

PUTNAM ASSET ALLOCATION FUNDS
on behalf of:
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Balanced Fund
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Conservative Fund
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Growth Fund

PUTNAM CALIFORNIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND
PUTNAM DIVERSIFIED INCOME TRUST
PUTNAM EQUITY INCOME FUND
PUTNAM EUROPE EQUITY FUND

PUTNAM FUNDS TRUST
on behalf of:
Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund
Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund
Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund
Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund
Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Equity Fund
Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund
Putnam Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund
Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund
Putnam Emerging Markets Income Fund
Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund
Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund
Putnam Global Consumer Fund
Putnam Global Dividend Fund
Putnam Global Energy Fund
Putnam Global Financials Fund
Putnam Global Industrials Fund
Putnam Global Technology Fund
Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund
Putnam Intermediate-Term Municipal Income Fund
Putnam International Value Fund
Putnam Low Volatility Equity Fund
Putnam Mortgage Opportunities Fund
Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund
Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 2
Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 3
Putnam Short Duration Income Fund



2 

 

Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund
Putnam Small Cap Growth Fund
Putnam Strategic Volatility Equity Fund

PUTNAM GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
PUTNAM GLOBAL HEALTH CARE FUND
PUTNAM GLOBAL INCOME TRUST
PUTNAM GLOBAL NATURAL RESOURCES FUND
PUTNAM GLOBAL UTILITIES FUND
PUTNAM HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND
PUTNAM HIGH YIELD TRUST
PUTNAM INCOME FUND
PUTNAM INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND

PUTNAM INVESTMENT FUNDS
on behalf of:
Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund
Putnam Growth Opportunities Fund
Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund
Putnam International Growth Fund
Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund
Putnam Research Fund
Putnam Small Cap Value Fund

PUTNAM INVESTORS FUND
PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM MORTGAGE RECOVERY FUND
PUTNAM MULTI-CAP GROWTH FUND
PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM NEW YORK TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND

PUTNAM TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST
on behalf of:
Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund
Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund

PUTNAM US GOVERNMENT INCOME TRUST

PUTNAM VARIABLE TRUST



3 

 

on behalf of:
Putnam VT Absolute Return 500 Fund
Putnam VT American Government Income Fund
Putnam VT Capital Opportunities Fund
Putnam VT Diversified Income Fund
Putnam VT Equity Income Fund
Putnam VT Global Asset Allocation Fund
Putnam VT Global Equity Fund
Putnam VT Global Health Care Fund
Putnam VT Global Utilities Fund
Putnam VT Growth and Income Fund
Putnam VT Growth Opportunities Fund
Putnam VT High Yield Fund
Putnam VT Income Fund
Putnam VT International Equity Fund
Putnam VT International Growth Fund
Putnam VT International Value Fund
Putnam VT Investors Fund
Putnam VT Money Market Fund
Putnam VT Multi-Cap Growth Fund
Putnam VT Multi-Cap Value Fund
Putnam VT Research Fund
Putnam VT Small Cap Value Fund
Putnam VT George Putnam Balanced Fund
Putnam VT Voyager Fund

PUTNAM VOYAGER FUND
GEORGE PUTNAM BALANCED FUND
THE PUTNAM FUND FOR GROWTH AND INCOME



EXHIBIT A 
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED PROMISSORY NOTE 
(UNCOMMITTED LINE) 
 
$235,500,000.00  September 24, 2015 
  Boston, Massachusetts 

 

For value received, each of the undersigned hereby severally promises to pay to State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Bank”), or order, at the office of the Bank at 100 Huntington Avenue, Tower 2, Floor 4, Boston, Massachusetts 02116 in immediately available United States dollars, the principal amount of TWO HUNDRED THIRTY--FIVE MILLION AND FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND AND 00/100 DOLLARS ($235,500,000.00), or such lesser original principal amount as shall be outstanding hereunder and not have been prepaid as provided herein, together with interest thereon as provided below. Each Loan shall be payable upon the earliest to occur of (a) the Expiration Date, (b) sixty (60) calendar days following the date on which such Loan is made, or (c) the date on which such Loan otherwise becomes due and payable under the terms of the Loan Agreement referred to below, whether following the continuance of an Event of Default or otherwise. Interest on the unpaid principal amount outstanding hereunder shall be payable at the rates and at the times as set forth in the Loan Agreement and shall be computed as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Interest shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual number of days elapsed, including holidays or other days on which the Bank is not open for the conduct of banking business.

All Loans hereunder and all payments on account of principal and interest hereof shall be recorded by the Bank. The entries on the records of the Bank (including any appearing on this Note), absent manifest error, shall govern and control as to amounts outstanding hereunder, provided that the failure by the Bank to make any such entry shall not affect the obligation of the undersigned to make payments of principal and interest on all Loans as provided herein and in the Loan Agreement.

Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section II(3)(e) or (f) of the Loan Agreement with respect to the applicable Fund, immediately and automatically, and otherwise upon notice from the Bank to the undersigned given at any time following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, unpaid principal on any Loan, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, unpaid interest on any Loan, shall thereafter bear interest, compounded monthly and be payable on demand, until paid in full (after as well as before judgment) at a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) above the rate otherwise applicable to such Loan under the Loan Agreement.

This Note is issued pursuant to, and entitled to the benefits of, and is subject to, the provisions of a certain letter agreement dated September 24, 2015 by and among the undersigned and the Bank (herein, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated, supplemented, modified or extended, referred to as the “Loan Agreement”), but neither this reference to the Loan Agreement nor any provision thereof shall affect or impair the absolute and unconditional obligation of the undersigned makers of this Note to pay the principal of and interest on this Note



2 

 

as herein provided. All terms not otherwise defined herein shall be used as defined in the Loan Agreement.

The undersigned may at its option prepay all or any part of the principal of this Note subject to the terms of the Loan Agreement. Amounts prepaid may be reborrowed subject to the terms of the Loan Agreement.

Each of the undersigned makers and every endorser and guarantor hereof hereby waives presentment, demand, notice, protest and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default or enforcement hereof and consents that this Note may be extended from time to time and that no such extension or other indulgence, and no substitution, release or surrender of collateral and no discharge or release of any other party primarily or secondarily liable hereon, shall discharge or otherwise affect the liability of any of the undersigned or any such endorser or guarantor. No delay or omission on the part of the Bank in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of such right or of any other right hereunder, and a waiver of any such right on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to or waiver of any such right on any future occasion.

A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of each of the undersigned Borrowers is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees of each Borrower as Trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this instrument are not binding on any of the Trustees or officers or shareholders individually, but are binding only on the assets or property of each Fund with respect to its obligations hereunder. In addition, although multiple Borrowers may be party hereto on behalf of multiple Funds, each Borrower is executing this instrument on behalf of each of its Funds individually (and not jointly or jointly and severally) and no Borrower or Fund is liable for any matter relating to any other Borrower or Fund.

This Note amends and restates in its entirety an amended and restated promissory note dated June 27, 2014 in the original principal amount of $235,500,000 executed by certain of the undersigned Borrowers to the order of the Bank (as amended, the "Existing Note"). Any amounts outstanding under the Existing Note as of the date hereof shall be deemed to be outstanding under this Note.

This instrument shall have the effect of an instrument executed under seal and shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts (without giving effect to any conflicts of laws provisions contained therein).

[TRUST NAME], on behalf of its fund series as listed in 
Appendix I attached hereto
 
 
By: 
Name: 
Title: 

 



SCHEDULE I TO NOTE DATED SEPTEMBER 24, 2015 

 

Date of  Amount of  Amount of Principal  Outstanding   
Loan  Principal  Paid  Balance  Notation Made By 

 



APPENDIX I
 
List of Borrowers and Funds 

 

[TRUST NAME]

 

[TRUST NAME] 
on behalf of: 
[Funds] 

 



EXHIBIT B
  
ADVANCE/PAYDOWN 
REQUEST FORM
(UNCOMMITTED LINE) 

 

DATE: 
 
 
TO:  STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY 
 
 
ATTN:  LOAN OPERATIONS CUSTOMER SERVICE UNIT 
  telephone 617-662-8574 or 617-662-8588; fax 617-988-6677 
  email ais-loanops-csu@statestreet.com 
 
 
FROM:  [BORROWER][ on behalf of [FUND]] 
 
  (Fund # ___________)                                       (DDA # ____________) 

 

In connection with the letter agreement dated September 24, 2015 and related documents currently in effect with State Street Bank and Trust Company (as amended, collectively, the “Agreement”), please increase/reduce (circle one) the outstanding balance on behalf of the above-indicated Fund by $__________. Any requested Loan should be recorded on the books of the Fund with the Bank and interest payable to the Bank should be recorded at the agreed upon rate.

1. This request is (check one): ___ Loan Advance ____ Paydown ____ Overnight Rollover ___

2. The proceeds of any requested Loan shall be used only to the extent consistent with and not prohibited by the Prospectus, the terms of the Agreement and applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, Federal Reserve Regulation U, and no Default of Event of Default has occurred under the Agreement.

4. All of the representations and warranties of the undersigned Borrower and Fund set forth in Section II(2) of the Agreement are true and correct on and as of the date hereof.

5. Each of the Borrower and the Fund is in compliance with all the terms and conditions in the Agreement (including the Maximum Amount and other borrowing limitations thereunder) and will remain in compliance therewith after giving effect to the making of any requested Loan.

6. The following amounts and statements are true in connection with any requested Loan:

(a) Adjusted Net Assets of the Fund:

(i) Total Assets of the Fund  $_____________ 
(ii) Total Liabilities (excluding Indebtedness   
for borrowed money) of the Fund1  $_____________ 
(iii) item (a)(i) less item (a)(ii)  $_____________ 

 

________________________________________

1 For purposes of calculating Adjusted Net Assets for any Fund, the amount of any liability included in Total Liabilities shall be equal to the greater of (i) the outstanding amount of such liability and (ii) the fair market value of all assets pledged, hypothecated or otherwise segregated to secure such liability.



2 

 

(b) Applicable Percentage2 of item (a)(iii)  $_____________ 
 
(c)  (i) Beginning Loan Balance:  $_____________ 
  (ii) Paydown Amount (if any):  $_____________ 
  (iii) Requested Loan (if any)  $_____________ 
  (iv) Requested Loans Balance   
  ((i) minus (ii) or (i) plus (iii)):  $_____________ 
 
(d) The aggregate outstanding principal amount of   
Indebtedness for borrowed money of the Fund other   
than the Loans as of the date hereof (including any   
loans under the separate Syndicated Facility and including   
any Interfund Loans)  $_____________ 
 
(e) Total Indebtedness for borrowed money ((c)(iv) plus (d)):  $_____________ 

 

7. The amount set forth in 6(e) above does not exceed the lesser of (a) the amount set forth in 6(b) above, or (b) the maximum amount which the relevant Fund is permitted to borrow (after taking into account all outstanding Indebtedness) pursuant to its Prospectus, the Investment Company Act or any registration made thereunder, any vote of the shareholders of the applicable Borrower or such Fund, any agreement of such Borrower or Fund with any foreign, federal, state or local securities division to which such Borrower or Fund is subject, any other applicable agreement or document to which such Borrower or Fund, is a party or any law, rule or regulation applicable to such Borrower or Fund.

8. The amount set forth in 6(c)(iv) above does not exceed the Per Fund Limit Amount (defined as the lesser of (a) the Uncommitted Line Amount, and (b) the difference of (i) $200,000,000 minus (ii) the aggregate principal amount of all loans, if any, outstanding to the Fund under the Syndicated Facility). The aggregate principal amount of all Loans outstanding to all Borrowers on behalf of all Funds under the Agreement (after giving effect to the amount of any requested Loan) does not exceed the Uncommitted Line Amount.

9. The Fund for which any Loan is being requested hereby does not currently have outstanding any Interfund Loans made to such Fund as borrower which are secured by any collateral and does not currently have any outstanding Interfund Loans made by it as the lender.

10. The undersigned is a duly authorized officer of the Borrower identified above with authority to execute and deliver this document to the Bank and request the Loan described herein on behalf of the Fund identified above.

[BORROWER][, on behalf of [FUND]]
 
By: 

                                                         

Name: 

                                                         

Title 

                                                         

Date: 

                                                         

 

________________________________________
2 If the Borrower, acting on behalf of the Fund, is a Restricted Borrower, the Applicable Percentage is 25%; in all other cases the Applicable Percentage is 33-1/3%.



EXHIBIT C 
 
LITIGATION 
 
None

 

EX-99.J OTHER OPININ 4 d_teifex99j1.htm EX-99.J OTHER OPININ d_teifex99j1.htm
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

 

We hereby consent to the use in this Post-Effective Amendment to the registration statement on Form N-1A (“Registration Statement”) of our reports relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of the funds listed below, which appear in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial highlights" and "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Statements" in such Registration Statement.

 


Fund  Report Date  Post-Effective  Registration 
    Amendment  Statement 
    Number  Number 

Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund  July 13, 2015  40  33-5416 

Putnam Michigan tax Exempt Income Fund  July 14, 2015  40  33-8923 

Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund  July 14, 2015  40  33-8916 

Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund  July 15, 2015  40  33-8924 

Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund  July 15, 2015  31  33-32550 

Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund  July 15, 2015  33  33-28321 

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
September 24, 2015

EX-99.J OTHER OPININ 5 e_teifex99j2.htm EX-99.J OTHER OPININ e_teifex99j2.htm
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

 

The Board of Trustees and Shareholders
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund:

We consent to the use of our report, dated July 14, 2015, with respect to the financial statements of Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund, included herein, and to the references to our firm under the captions Financial Highlights in the prospectus and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms and Financial Statements in the Statement of Additional Information.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
September 24, 2015

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ML015SE0ZV3,-[-D!UUG1 G*:O*N5 36A7 D.LP,"K( [ZL@EB/E+LMG)#.EE M9&X%LD05%AL<%#K;K8"A @ %]">+AX275'_SP^.&G'_4))U93@F5P@G/.IP* MI$J( F#$D32FCS F5.!S/0*5"CL[H_*Y? "5*&YJX4D3P9DK](:$D0,!Q5R! MAML 4 2\:[&5Q*C %)6B? =N-BAR5N(]6CI<4KH% U@ $/*N0<,FP2?O^$!R M4SE'#*%YZ(JP,H87!CJE@R2J8K4A$T51NY?H@!5I7*4)/W_" Y*9RCA3*GQU MB&A>$F9"GT >ZPE$XIM/F;+()M[ 5V*9'^"(*489M+2,,$)DO89CY,BA+S\1 MN.>S@DVG VCR4^1*EFBPQJ)Z'%J0+-!@#*H-7QL12T!R@4#/=M EX-99.B BYLAWS 16 a_nf04mod1.htm a_nf04mod1.htm

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
PUTNAM AMERICAN GOVERNMENT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM ARIZONA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM ASSET ALLOCATION FUNDS,
PUTNAM CALIFORNIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND,
PUTNAM DIVERSIFIED INCOME TRUST,
PUTNAM EQUITY INCOME FUND,
PUTNAM EUROPE EQUITY FUND,
THE PUTNAM FUND FOR GROWTH AND INCOME, 
PUTNAM FUNDS TRUST,
GEORGE PUTNAM BALANCED FUND,
PUTNAM GLOBAL EQUITY FUND, 
PUTNAM GLOBAL HEALTH CARE FUND,
PUTNAM GLOBAL INCOME TRUST,
PUTNAM GLOBAL NATURAL RESOURCES FUND, 
PUTNAM GLOBAL UTILITIES FUND,
PUTNAM HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND,
PUTNAM HIGH YIELD TRUST,
PUTNAM INCOME FUND,
PUTNAM INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND,
PUTNAM INVESTMENT FUNDS,
PUTNAM INVESTORS FUND,
PUTNAM MASSACHUSETTS TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM MICHIGAN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM MINNESOTA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND,
PUTNAM MULTI-CAP GROWTH FUND,
PUTNAM NEW JERSEY TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM NEW YORK TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM OHIO TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND,
PUTNAM PENNSYLVANIA TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND, 
PUTNAM RETIREMENTREADY FUNDS,
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND,
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND, 
PUTNAM TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST,
PUTNAM U.S. GOVERNMENT INCOME TRUST,
PUTNAM VARIABLE TRUST, AND
PUTNAM VOYAGER FUND
 
(Dated as of October 17, 2014)

 



ARTICLE 1
Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Principal Office 

1.1 Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These Bylaws shall be subject to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in effect (the “Declaration of Trust”), of the Massachusetts business trust established by the Declaration of Trust (the “Trust”). Capitalized terms used but not defined in these Bylaws have the meanings given to them in the Declaration of Trust.

1.2 Principal Office of the Trust. The principal office of the Trust shall be located in Boston, Massachusetts. The Trust may have other principal offices within or without the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as the Trustees may from time to time determine.

ARTICLE 2
Meetings of Trustees 

2.1 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.

2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when called by the Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Executive Vice President or the Treasurer or by two or more Trustees, sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the Clerk or an Assistant Clerk or by the officer or the Trustees calling the meeting.

2.3 Notice of Special Meetings. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special meeting: (a) to send notice (i) by mail at least forty-eight hours before the meeting, (ii) by courier at least forty-eight hours before the meeting, (iii) by electronic mail (e-mail), facsimile or other electronic means at least twenty-four hours before the meeting, in each case, addressed to the Trustee at his or her usual or last known business or residence address (or e-mail address, facsimile number or other appropriate address); or (b) to give notice to him or her in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a special meeting need not be given to any Trustee if a written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting before or at its commencement the lack of notice to him or her. Any written waiver of notice may be provided and delivered to the Trust by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting. All notices shall be deemed to be given when sent.

2.4 Quorum. At any meeting of the Trustees a majority of the Trustees then in office shall constitute a quorum. Once a quorum has been validly established for a meeting, it cannot

2 

 



be broken by Trustees withdrawing from the meeting. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

2.5 Telephone Meeting; Action Without a Meeting. Except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust and these Bylaws, any action to be taken by the Trustees may be taken by a majority of the Trustees present at the meeting of the Trustees (a quorum being present), including any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting. Any action to be taken by the Trustees may also be taken without a meeting if one or more written consents thereto are signed by a majority of the Trustees. Any written consent may be given by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means. Copies of such written consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Trustees. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of the Trustees. If in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and these Bylaws any action is taken by the Trustees by written consents of less than all of the Trustees, then prompt notice of any such action shall be furnished to each Trustee who did not execute such written consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice.

ARTICLE 3 
Officers

3.1 Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Clerk and such other officers (including Vice President, which shall include the office of Executive Vice President), if any, as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect. The Trust may also have such agents as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion appoint. In addition, there shall be a Chair of the Trustees, who will be considered an officer of the Trustees and not of the Trust. The Chair of the Trustees shall be a Trustee and may but need not be a Shareholder; and any other officer may but need not be a Trustee or a Shareholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

3.2 Election. The Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Treasurer and the Clerk shall be elected by the Trustees upon the occurrence of any vacancy in any such office. Other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the Trustees at any time. Vacancies in any such other office may be filled at any time.

3.3 Tenure. The Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Treasurer and the Clerk shall hold office in each case until he or she dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each other officer shall hold office, and each agent shall retain authority, at the pleasure of the Trustees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the tenure of any officer of the Trust who is an employee or officer of the Trust’s investment adviser or its affiliates shall automatically

3 

 



terminate contemporaneously with the termination of such person’s employment with, or service as officer of, the Trust’s investment adviser and all of its affiliates.

3.4 Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these Bylaws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers set forth in these Bylaws and in the Declaration of Trust, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a Massachusetts business corporation and such other duties and powers as the Trustees may from time to time designate.

3.5 Chair. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide, the Chair of the Trustees shall preside at all meetings of the Trustees. The Chair of the Trustees shall have such other duties and powers relating to the operations of the Trustees as the Trustees may from time to time designate, but shall have no individual authority to act for the Trust as an officer of the Trust. The Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, may appoint one or more persons to perform the duties of the Chair of the Trustees in the event of his or her absence at any meeting or in the event of his or her disability. The Chair of the Trustees shall also have the power to appoint one or more persons to perform the duties of the Chair of the Trustees in the event of his or her absence at any meeting.

3.6 President. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide by vote or otherwise, the President shall be the principal executive officer of the Trust.

3.7 Treasurer. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide by vote or otherwise, the Treasurer shall be the principal financial and accounting officer of the Trust, and shall, subject to the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a custodian, investment adviser, subadviser or manager, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or similar agent, be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the principal executive officer of the Trust.

3.8 Clerk. The Clerk shall record all proceedings of the Shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence of the Clerk from any meeting of the Shareholders or Trustees (or a Committee thereof), an Assistant Clerk, or if there be none or if he or she is absent, a temporary Clerk chosen at such meeting by the chair of such meeting, shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid books.

3.9 Resignations and Removals. Any Trustee or officer may resign at any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the Chair of the Trustees, the President or the Clerk or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. The Trustees may remove any officer elected or appointed by them with or without cause. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee or officer resigning and no officer removed shall have any

4 

 



right to any compensation for any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.

ARTICLE 4 
Committees 

4.1 Quorum; Voting. Except as provided below or as otherwise specifically provided in the votes or charter constituting a Committee of the Trustees and providing for the conduct of its meetings, a majority of the members of any Committee of the Trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business (which quorum once validly established cannot be broken by Trustees withdrawing from the meeting), and any action of such a Committee may be taken by a vote of a majority of the members of such Committee (a) present at a meeting of such Committee (a quorum being present), including any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time (participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting), or (b) evidenced by one or more written consents, including written consents submitted by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means. Copies of such written consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of such Committee. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of such Committee. If in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and these Bylaws any action is taken by written consents of less than all of the Committee’s members, then prompt notice of any such action shall be furnished to each member who did not execute such written consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice. In the absence of any member of any such Committee, the members thereof present at any properly called meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint a member of the Trustees to act at that meeting only in the place of any absent member.

Except as specifically provided in the votes constituting a Committee of the Trustees and providing for the conduct of its meetings, Section 2.3 of these Bylaws relating to special meetings shall govern the notice requirements for Committee meetings.

4.2 Authority of Trustees. The Trustees have the power to rescind any action of any Committee, but no such rescission shall have retroactive effect unless determined so by the Trustees.

ARTICLE 5 
Reports

5.1 General. The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law. Officers and Committees shall render such additional reports as they may deem desirable or as may from time to time be required by the Trustees.

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ARTICLE 6 
Fiscal Year 

6.1 General. Except as from time to time otherwise provided by the Trustees, the initial fiscal year of the Trust and each series of the Trust shall end on such date as is determined in advance or in arrears by the Treasurer, and subsequent fiscal years shall end on such date in subsequent years.

ARTICLE 7 
Seal

7.1 General. The seal of the Trust, if any, shall consist of a flat-faced die with the word “Massachusetts”, together with the name of the Trust and the year of its organization cut or engraved thereon but, unless otherwise required by the Trustees, the seal need not be placed on, and its absence shall not impair the validity of, any document, instrument or other paper executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Trust.

ARTICLE 8
Execution of Papers 

8.1 General. Except as the Trustees may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, contracts, notes and other obligations made, accepted or endorsed by the Trust shall be signed by the President, a Vice President or the Treasurer, and need not bear the seal of the Trust.

ARTICLE 9
Issuance of Shares and Share Certificates 

9.1 Sale of Shares. Except as otherwise determined by the Trustees, the Trust will issue and sell for cash or securities from time to time full and fractional Shares, such Shares to be issued and sold at a price of not less than the par value per share, if any, and not less than the net asset value per share as from time to time determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees and, in the case of fractional Shares, at a proportionate reduction in such price. In the case of Shares sold for securities, such securities shall be valued in accordance with procedures approved by the Trustees for determining the value of the assets of the Trust. The officers of the Trust are severally authorized to take all such actions as may be necessary or desirable to carry out this Section 9.1.

9.2 Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for Shares, the Trustees or the transfer agent may either issue receipts therefor or may keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of such Shares, who shall in either case be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be the holders of certificates for such Shares as if they had accepted such certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof.

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The Trustees may at any time authorize the issuance of Share certificates. In that event, each Shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number of Shares of each class owned by him or her, in such form as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Trustees. Such certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer. Such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is signed by a transfer agent or by a registrar. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust with the same effect as if he or she were such officer at the time of its issue.

9.3 Loss of Certificates. The transfer agent of the Trust, with the approval of any two officers of the Trust, is authorized to issue and countersign replacement certificates for the Shares of the Trust which have been lost, stolen or destroyed upon (i) receipt of an affidavit or affidavits of loss or non-receipt and of an indemnity agreement executed by the registered holder or his or her legal representative and supported by an open penalty surety bond, said agreement and said bond in all cases to be in form and content satisfactory to and approved by the President or the Treasurer, or (ii) receipt of such other documents as may be approved by the Trustees.

9.4 Issuance of New Certificate to Pledgee. A pledgee of Shares transferred as collateral security shall be entitled to a new certificate if the instrument of transfer substantially describes the debt or duty that is intended to be secured thereby. Such new certificate shall express on its face that it is held as collateral security, and the name of the pledgor shall be stated thereon, who alone shall be liable as a Shareholder and entitled to vote thereon.

9.5 Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees may at any time discontinue the issuance of Share certificates and may, by written notice to each Shareholder whom the Trust believes to hold a Share certificate, require the surrender of Share certificates to the Trust for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not affect the ownership of Shares in the Trust.

ARTICLE 10 
Shareholders 

10.1 Call of a Meeting. The Clerk shall provide notice of a meeting of the Shareholders whenever ordered by the Trustees or requested in writing by the holder or holders of at least one-tenth of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote at such meeting. If the Clerk, when so ordered or requested, refuses or neglects for more than 30 days to provide such notice, the Trustees or the Shareholders so requesting may, in the name of the Clerk, call the meeting by giving notice thereof in the manner required when notice is given by the Clerk. Any previously scheduled meeting of Shareholders may be postponed or cancelled by the Trustees upon public notice given prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting.

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10.2 Adjournment. Any meeting of Shareholders may, by action of the chair of the meeting, be adjourned from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken with respect to one or more matters to be considered at such meeting to a designated date which may be more than 120 days after the date initially set for the meeting, time and place, whether or not a quorum is present with respect to such matter. Upon motion of the chair of the meeting, the question of adjournment may be (but is not required by these Bylaws to be) submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, and in that case, any adjournment with respect to one or more matters must be approved by the vote of holders of a majority of the Shares present and entitled to vote with respect to the matter or matters adjourned and, if approved, such adjournment shall take place without further notice other than announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. Unless a proxy is otherwise limited in this regard, any Shares present and entitled to vote at a meeting, including any Shares that are represented by broker non-votes, may, at the discretion of the proxies named therein, be voted in favor of such an adjournment. Any proposal for which sufficient favorable votes have been received may (but need not) be acted upon and considered final and effective regardless of whether the meeting is adjourned to permit additional solicitation with respect to any other proposal that is properly before the meeting.

10.3 Conduct of Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders shall be presided over by the Chair of the Trustees, or, if the Chair is not present at the meeting, then by a Trustee or officer designated by the Chair or authorized by the Trustees, or if there is no such person present at the meeting, then by any officer of the Trust present at the meeting, and such person shall be deemed for all purposes the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing: an agenda or order of business for the meeting; rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; conditions on the recording of the meeting; limitations on participation in such meeting to Shareholders of record of the Trust and their duly authorized and constituted proxies, and such other persons as the chair shall permit; restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; conditions for the removal of any Shareholder or any other person who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chair of the meeting; and regulations for the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. For any matter to be properly before any meeting of Shareholders, the matter must be a proper matter for Shareholder action under the Declaration of Trust, these Bylaws and applicable law and must be specifically identified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of a majority of the Trustees then in office or otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the chair of the meeting, in the chair’s sole discretion. With the exception of Shareholder proposals submitted in accordance with, and otherwise meeting the requirements of, Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor provisions, only matters proposed by the Trustees may be included in the Trust’s proxy materials. At all meetings of Shareholders, unless voting is conducted by inspectors, all questions relating

8 

 



to the qualification of voters and the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting shall determine, in the chair’s sole discretion, whether to appoint an inspector for any meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chair of the meeting, meetings shall not be required to be held in accordance with any rules of parliamentary procedure.

10.4 Access to Shareholder List. Shareholders of record may apply in writing to the Trustees for assistance in communicating with other Shareholders for the purpose of calling a meeting in order to vote upon the question of removal of a Trustee. With respect to any Fund as to which the Trust has given such an undertaking in its registration statement, and only such a Fund, or for any other Fund as the Trustees may determine in their sole discretion, when ten or more Shareholders of record who have been such for at least six months preceding the date of application and who hold in the aggregate Shares having a net asset value of at least $25,000 so apply, the Trustees shall within five business days either:

(i) afford to such applicants access to a list of names and addresses of all Shareholders as recorded on the books of the Trust; or

(ii) inform such applicants of the approximate number of Shareholders of record and the approximate cost of mailing material to them, and, within a reasonable time thereafter, mail, at the applicants’ expense, materials submitted by the applicants, to all such Shareholders of record. The Trustees shall not be obligated to mail materials which they believe to be misleading or in violation of applicable law.

10.5 Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares of the Trust who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, the Trustees (or their designees) may from time to time fix a time, which shall be not more than 90 days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders or more than 60 days before the date of payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of such class or series having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such dividend or distribution, and in such case only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such right notwithstanding any transfer of Shares on the books of the Trust after the record date; or without fixing such record date the Trustees may for any such purposes close the register or transfer books for all or part of such period.

10.6 Communications with Shareholders. Any notices, reports, statements or other communications with Shareholders of any kind required under the Declaration of Trust, these Bylaws or applicable law may be sent, delivered or made available in any reasonable manner as may be determined by the Trustees or officers if not otherwise prohibited by applicable law, including, without limitation, by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means or by

9 

 



posting on a website; and such communications may be sent, delivered or otherwise made available to Shareholders in accordance with householding or other similar rules under which a single copy of such notice or report may be sent to Shareholders who reside at the same address. No communication need be given to any Shareholder who shall have failed to inform the Trust of the Shareholder’s current address and the Trustees may from time to time adopt, or may authorize the officers or agents of the Trust to adopt, procedures or policies with respect to communications to Shareholders that are returned to the Trust or its agents as undeliverable and similar matters. Any Shareholder may waive receipt of any notice or other communication.

10.7 Proxies. The placing of a Shareholder’s name on a proxy pursuant to telephone or electronically transmitted instructions (including instructions submitted via the Internet) obtained pursuant to procedures reasonably designed to verify that such instructions have been authorized by such Shareholder shall constitute execution of such proxy by or on behalf of such Shareholder.

ARTICLE 11 

11.1 Inspection of Books. The Trustees shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent, at what times and places and under what conditions and regulations any of the accounts and books of the Trust or any series thereof shall be open to the inspection of the Shareholders, and no Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Trust or any series thereof except as conferred by law or otherwise by the Trustees or by these Bylaws.

ARTICLE 12
Preferences, Rights and Privileges of the 
Trust’s Classes of Shares

12.1 General. Each class of Shares of the Trust or of a particular series of the Trust, as the case may be, will represent interests in the same portfolio of investments of the Trust (or that series) and be identical in all respects, except as set forth in the Rule 18f-3 Plan (the “Plan”) of the Trust, as amended from time to time. The Plan is incorporated herein by reference and any amendments to the Plan adopted by the Trustees after the date hereof shall be incorporated herein by reference effective upon approval of such amendments unless determined otherwise by the Trustees at such time.

12.2. Conversion of Class B Shares. Except as hereinafter provided with respect to Shares acquired by exchange or reinvestment of distributions, Class B Shares of the Trust will automatically convert into Class A Shares of the Trust at the end of the month eight years after the month of purchase, or at such earlier time as the Trustees may in their sole discretion determine from time to time as to all Class B Shares purchased on or before such date as the Trustees may specify. Class B Shares acquired by exchange from Class B Shares of another Putnam Fund will convert into Class A Shares based on the date of the initial purchase of the

10 

 



Class B Shares of such other Fund. Class B Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will convert into Class A Shares based on the date of the initial purchase of Class B Shares to which such reinvestment Shares relate. For this purpose, Class B Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will be attributed to particular purchases of Class B Shares in accordance with such procedures, which may include without limitation methods of proration or approximation, as the Trustees may in their sole discretion determine from time to time.

ARTICLE 13
Amendments to the Bylaws 

13.1 General. These Bylaws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a majority of the Trustees then in office. These Bylaws may not be amended by Shareholders.

11 

 

EX-99.C HOLDERS RTS 17 a_nf04amod1.htm a_nf04amod1.htm
PORTIONS OF THE BYLAWS RELATING TO SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS 
 
ARTICLE 9
Issuance of Shares and Share Certificates

 

9.1 Sale of Shares. Except as otherwise determined by the Trustees, the Trust will issue and sell for cash or securities from time to time full and fractional Shares, such Shares to be issued and sold at a price of not less than the par value per share, if any, and not less than the net asset value per share as from time to time determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees and, in the case of fractional Shares, at a proportionate reduction in such price. In the case of Shares sold for securities, such securities shall be valued in accordance with procedures approved by the Trustees for determining the value of the assets of the Trust. The officers of the Trust are severally authorized to take all such actions as may be necessary or desirable to carry out this Section 9.1.

9.2 Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for Shares, the Trustees or the transfer agent may either issue receipts therefor or may keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of such Shares, who shall in either case be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be the holders of certificates for such Shares as if they had accepted such certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof.

The Trustees may at any time authorize the issuance of Share certificates. In that event, each Shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number of Shares of each class owned by him or her, in such form as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Trustees. Such certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer. Such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is signed by a transfer agent or by a registrar. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust with the same effect as if he or she were such officer at the time of its issue.

9.3 Loss of Certificates. The transfer agent of the Trust, with the approval of any two officers of the Trust, is authorized to issue and countersign replacement certificates for the Shares of the Trust which have been lost, stolen or destroyed upon (i) receipt of an affidavit or affidavits of loss or non-receipt and of an indemnity agreement executed by the registered holder or his or her legal representative and supported by an open penalty surety bond, said agreement and said bond in all cases to be in form and content satisfactory to and approved by the President or the Treasurer, or (ii) receipt of such other documents as may be approved by the Trustees.

9.4 Issuance of New Certificate to Pledgee. A pledgee of Shares transferred as collateral security shall be entitled to a new certificate if the instrument of transfer substantially describes the debt or duty that is intended to be secured thereby. Such new certificate shall express on its face that it is held as collateral security, and the name of the pledgor shall be stated thereon, who alone shall be liable as a Shareholder and entitled to vote thereon.



9.5 Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees may at any time discontinue the issuance of Share certificates and may, by written notice to each Shareholder whom the Trust believes to hold a Share certificate, require the surrender of Share certificates to the Trust for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not affect the ownership of Shares in the Trust.

ARTICLE 10 
Shareholders 

 

10.1 Call of a Meeting. The Clerk shall provide notice of a meeting of the Shareholders whenever ordered by the Trustees or requested in writing by the holder or holders of at least one-tenth of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote at such meeting. If the Clerk, when so ordered or requested, refuses or neglects for more than 30 days to provide such notice, the Trustees or the Shareholders so requesting may, in the name of the Clerk, call the meeting by giving notice thereof in the manner required when notice is given by the Clerk. Any previously scheduled meeting of Shareholders may be postponed or cancelled by the Trustees upon public notice given prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting.

10.2 Adjournment. Any meeting of Shareholders may, by action of the chair of the meeting, be adjourned from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken with respect to one or more matters to be considered at such meeting to a designated date which may be more than 120 days after the date initially set for the meeting, time and place, whether or not a quorum is present with respect to such matter. Upon motion of the chair of the meeting, the question of adjournment may be (but is not required by these Bylaws to be) submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, and in that case, any adjournment with respect to one or more matters must be approved by the vote of holders of a majority of the Shares present and entitled to vote with respect to the matter or matters adjourned and, if approved, such adjournment shall take place without further notice other than announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. Unless a proxy is otherwise limited in this regard, any Shares present and entitled to vote at a meeting, including any Shares that are represented by broker non-votes, may, at the discretion of the proxies named therein, be voted in favor of such an adjournment. Any proposal for which sufficient favorable votes have been received may (but need not) be acted upon and considered final and effective regardless of whether the meeting is adjourned to permit additional solicitation with respect to any other proposal that is properly before the meeting.

10.3 Conduct of Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders shall be presided over by the Chair of the Trustees, or, if the Chair is not present at the meeting, then by a Trustee or officer designated by the Chair or authorized by the Trustees, or if there is no such person present at the meeting, then by any officer of the Trust present at the meeting, and such person shall be deemed for all purposes the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing: an agenda or order of business for the meeting; rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those

2 

 



present; conditions on the recording of the meeting; limitations on participation in such meeting to Shareholders of record of the Trust and their duly authorized and constituted proxies, and such other persons as the chair shall permit; restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; conditions for the removal of any Shareholder or any other person who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chair of the meeting; and regulations for the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. For any matter to be properly before any meeting of Shareholders, the matter must be a proper matter for Shareholder action under the Declaration of Trust, these Bylaws and applicable law and must be specifically identified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of a majority of the Trustees then in office or otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the chair of the meeting, in the chair’s sole discretion. With the exception of Shareholder proposals submitted in accordance with, and otherwise meeting the requirements of, Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor provisions, only matters proposed by the Trustees may be included in the Trust’s proxy materials. At all meetings of Shareholders, unless voting is conducted by inspectors, all questions relating to the qualification of voters and the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting shall determine, in the chair’s sole discretion, whether to appoint an inspector for any meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chair of the meeting, meetings shall not be required to be held in accordance with any rules of parliamentary procedure.

10.4 Access to Shareholder List. Shareholders of record may apply in writing to the Trustees for assistance in communicating with other Shareholders for the purpose of calling a meeting in order to vote upon the question of removal of a Trustee. With respect to any Fund as to which the Trust has given such an undertaking in its registration statement, and only such a Fund, or for any other Fund as the Trustees may determine in their sole discretion, when ten or more Shareholders of record who have been such for at least six months preceding the date of application and who hold in the aggregate Shares having a net asset value of at least $25,000 so apply, the Trustees shall within five business days either:

(i) afford to such applicants access to a list of names and addresses of all Shareholders as recorded on the books of the Trust; or

(ii) inform such applicants of the approximate number of Shareholders of record and the approximate cost of mailing material to them, and, within a reasonable time thereafter, mail, at the applicants’ expense, materials submitted by the applicants, to all such Shareholders of record. The Trustees shall not be obligated to mail materials which they believe to be misleading or in violation of applicable law.

10.5 Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares of the Trust who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, the Trustees (or their designees) may from time to time fix a time, which shall be not more than 90

3 

 



days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders or more than 60 days before the date of payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of such class or series having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such dividend or distribution, and in such case only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such right notwithstanding any transfer of Shares on the books of the Trust after the record date; or without fixing such record date the Trustees may for any such purposes close the register or transfer books for all or part of such period.

10.6 Communications with Shareholders. Any notices, reports, statements or other communications with Shareholders of any kind required under the Declaration of Trust, these Bylaws or applicable law may be sent, delivered or made available in any reasonable manner as may be determined by the Trustees or officers if not otherwise prohibited by applicable law, including, without limitation, by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means or by posting on a website; and such communications may be sent, delivered or otherwise made available to Shareholders in accordance with householding or other similar rules under which a single copy of such notice or report may be sent to Shareholders who reside at the same address. No communication need be given to any Shareholder who shall have failed to inform the Trust of the Shareholder’s current address and the Trustees may from time to time adopt, or may authorize the officers or agents of the Trust to adopt, procedures or policies with respect to communications to Shareholders that are returned to the Trust or its agents as undeliverable and similar matters. Any Shareholder may waive receipt of any notice or other communication.

10.7 Proxies. The placing of a Shareholder’s name on a proxy pursuant to telephone or electronically transmitted instructions (including instructions submitted via the Internet) obtained pursuant to procedures reasonably designed to verify that such instructions have been authorized by such Shareholder shall constitute execution of such proxy by or on behalf of such Shareholder.

ARTICLE 11 

 

11.1 Inspection of Books. The Trustees shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent, at what times and places and under what conditions and regulations any of the accounts and books of the Trust or any series thereof shall be open to the inspection of the Shareholders, and no Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Trust or any series thereof except as conferred by law or otherwise by the Trustees or by these Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE 12
Preferences, Rights and Privileges of the 
Trust’s Classes of Shares

 

12.1 General. Each class of Shares of the Trust or of a particular series of the Trust, as the case may be, will represent interests in the same portfolio of investments of the Trust (or that series) and be identical in all respects, except as set forth in the Rule 18f-3 Plan (the “Plan”) of

 

4 

 



the Trust, as amended from time to time. The Plan is incorporated herein by reference and any amendments to the Plan adopted by the Trustees after the date hereof shall be incorporated herein by reference effective upon approval of such amendments unless determined otherwise by the Trustees at such time.

12.2. Conversion of Class B Shares. Except as hereinafter provided with respect to Shares acquired by exchange or reinvestment of distributions, Class B Shares of the Trust will automatically convert into Class A Shares of the Trust at the end of the month eight years after the month of purchase, or at such earlier time as the Trustees may in their sole discretion determine from time to time as to all Class B Shares purchased on or before such date as the Trustees may specify. Class B Shares acquired by exchange from Class B Shares of another Putnam Fund will convert into Class A Shares based on the date of the initial purchase of the Class B Shares of such other Fund. Class B Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will convert into Class A Shares based on the date of the initial purchase of Class B Shares to which such reinvestment Shares relate. For this purpose, Class B Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will be attributed to particular purchases of Class B Shares in accordance with such procedures, which may include without limitation methods of proration or approximation, as the Trustees may in their sole discretion determine from time to time.

ARTICLE 13
Amendments to the Bylaws 

 

13.1 General. These Bylaws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a majority of the Trustees then in office. These Bylaws may not be amended by Shareholders.

 

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EX-99.D ADVSR CONTR 18 a_pilmod1.htm a_pilmod1.htm
PUTNAM FUNDS
SUB-MANAGEMENT CONTRACT 

 

This Sub-Management Contract is dated as of February 27, 2014 between PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Manager”) and PUTNAM INVESTMENTS LIMITED, a company organized under the laws of England and Wales (the “Sub-Manager”).

WHEREAS, the Manager is the investment manager of each of the investment companies registered under the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that are identified on Schedule A hereto, as it may from time to time be amended by the Manager (the “Funds”), and a registered investment adviser under the United States Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended;

WHEREAS, the Sub-Manager is licensed as an investment manager by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom (the “FCA”); and

WHEREAS, the Manager desires to engage the Sub-Manager from time to time to manage a portion of certain of the Funds:

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed as follows:

1. SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY SUB-MANAGER.

(a) The Sub-Manager, at its expense, will furnish continuously an investment program for that portion of any Fund the management of which is allocated from time to time by the Manager to the Sub-Manager (an “Allocated Sleeve”). The Manager shall, in its sole discretion, determine which Funds will have an Allocated Sleeve and the amount of assets allocated from time to time to each such Allocated Sleeve; provided that, with respect to any Fund, the Trustees of such Fund must have approved the use of the Sub-Manager prior to the creation of an Allocated Sleeve for such Fund. The Sub-Manager will determine what investments shall be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by any Allocated Sleeve and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Allocated Sleeve shall be held uninvested and shall, on behalf of the Fund, make changes in the Fund’s investments held in such Allocated Sleeve.

(b) The Manager may also, at its discretion, request the Sub-Manager to provide assistance with purchasing and selling securities for any Fund, including the placement of orders with broker-dealers selected in accordance with Section 1(d), even if the Manager has not established an Allocated Sleeve for such Fund.

(c) The Sub-Manager at its expense will furnish all necessary investment and management facilities, including salaries of personnel, required for it to execute its duties faithfully.

(d) The Sub-Manager shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for any Allocated Sleeve with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Manager. In the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, the Sub-Manager shall use its best efforts to obtain for the related Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to



the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and research services as described below. In using its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, the Sub-Manager, bearing in mind the Fund’s best interests at all times, shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker or dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker or dealer in other transactions. Subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Funds may determine, the Sub-Manager shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Contract or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused a Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage and research services to the Manager or the Sub-Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Sub-Manager determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or its overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund and to other clients of the Manager or the Sub-Manager as to which the Manager or the Sub-Manager exercises investment discretion. The Sub-Manager agrees that in connection with purchases or sales of portfolio investments for any Fund, neither the Sub-Manager nor any officer, director, employee or agent of the Sub-Manager shall act as a principal or receive any commission other than as provided in Section 3.

(e) The Sub-Manager shall not be obligated to pay any expenses of or for the Manager or any Fund not expressly assumed by the Sub-Manager pursuant to this Section 1.

(f) In the performance of its duties, the Sub-Manager will comply with the provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws of each applicable Fund and such Fund’s stated investment objectives, policies and restrictions, and will use its best efforts to safeguard and promote the welfare of such Fund and to comply with other policies which the Manager or the Trustees may from time to time determine and shall exercise the same care and diligence expected of the Manager.

2. OTHER AGREEMENTS, ETC.

It is understood that any of the shareholders, Trustees, officers and employees of a Fund may be a shareholder, director, officer or employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Sub-Manager, and in any person controlled by or under common control with the Sub-Manager, and that the Sub-Manager and any person controlled by or under common control with the Sub-Manager may have an interest in such Fund. It is also understood that the Sub-Manager and any person controlled by or under common control with the Sub-Manager have and may have advisory, management, service or other contracts with other organizations and persons, and may have other interests and business.

3. COMPENSATION.

Except as provided below, the Manager will pay to the Sub-Manager as compensation for the Sub-Manager’s services rendered, a fee, computed and paid quarterly at the annual rate of

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0.35% per annum of average aggregate net asset value of the assets in equity and asset allocation Allocated Sleeves and 0.40% per annum of average aggregate net asset value of the assets in fixed income Allocated Sleeves, except for fixed income Allocated Sleeves in certain fixed income Funds enumerated as follows (with the per annum fee provided in parentheses): Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund (0.20%), Putnam Short Term Investment Fund (0.20%), Putnam Money Market Fund (0.25%), Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund (0.25%), Putnam VT Money Market Fund (0.25%), Putnam Short Duration Income Fund (0.25%), Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund (0.25%), Putnam American Government Income Fund (0.25%), Putnam Income Fund (0.25%), Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust (0.25%), Putnam VT American Government Income Fund (0.25%), and Putnam VT Income Fund (0.25%).

Such average net asset value shall be determined by taking an average of all of the determinations of such net asset value during a quarter at the close of business on each business day during such quarter while this Contract is in effect. Such fee shall be payable for each quarter within 30 days after the close of such quarter. The Sub-Manager shall look only to the Manager for payment of its fees. No Fund shall have any responsibility for paying any fees due the Sub-Manager.

With respect to each of Putnam High Income Securities Fund, Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust and Putnam Premier Income Trust, the Manager will pay to the Sub-Manager as compensation for the Sub-Manager’s services rendered, a fee, computed and paid quarterly at the annual rate of 0.40% of Average Weekly Assets in Allocated Sleeves. “Average Weekly Assets” means the average of the weekly determinations of the difference between the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to leverage for investment purposes) attributable to an Allocated Sleeve and the total liabilities of the Fund (excluding liabilities incurred in connection with leverage for investment purposes) attributable to such Allocated Sleeve, determined at the close of the last business day of each week, for each week which ends during the quarter. Such fee shall be payable for each quarter within 30 days after the close of such quarter. As used in this Section 3, “leverage for investment purposes” means any incurrence of indebtedness the proceeds of which are to be invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. For purposes of calculating Average Weekly Assets, liabilities associated with any instruments or transactions used to leverage the Fund’s portfolio for investment purposes (whether or not such instruments or transactions are “covered” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder, giving effect to any interpretations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and its staff) are not considered liabilities. For purposes of calculating Average Weekly Assets, the total assets of the Fund will be deemed to include (a) any proceeds from the sale or transfer of an asset (the “Underlying Asset”) of the Fund to a counterparty in a reverse repurchase or dollar roll transaction and (b) the value of such Underlying Asset as of the relevant measuring date.

In the event that the Manager’s management fee from any of Putnam High Income Securities Fund, Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust or Putnam Premier Income Trust is reduced pursuant to the investment management contract between such Fund and the Manager because during any Measurement Period (as defined below) the amount of interest payments and fees with respect to indebtedness or other obligation of the Fund incurred for investment leverage purposes, plus additional expenses attributable to any such leverage for investment purposes, exceeds the portion of the Fund’s net income and net short-term capital gains (but not long-term

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capital gains) accruing during such Measurement Period as a result of the fact that such indebtedness or other obligation was outstanding during the Measurement Period, the fee payable to the Sub-Manager with respect to such Fund shall be reduced in the same proportion as the fee paid to the Manager with respect to such Fund is so reduced. “Measurement Period” shall be any period for which payments of interest or fees (whether designated as such or implied) are payable in connection with any indebtedness or other obligation of the Fund incurred for investment purposes.

If the Sub-Manager shall serve for less than the whole of a quarter, the foregoing compensation shall be prorated.

4. ASSIGNMENT TERMINATES THIS CONTRACT; AMENDMENTS OF THIS CONTRACT.

This Contract shall automatically terminate without the payment of any penalty, in the event of its assignment; and this Contract shall not be amended with respect to any Allocated Sleeve unless such amendment be approved at a meeting by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of the Trustees of the related Fund who are not interested persons of such Fund or of the Manager.

5. EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION OF THIS CONTRACT.

This Contract shall become effective upon its execution, and shall remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated automatically as set forth in Section 4) until terminated as follows:

(a) Either party hereto or, with respect to any Allocated Sleeve, the related Fund may at any time terminate this Contract by not more than sixty days’ nor less than thirty days’ written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party, or

(b) With respect to any Allocated Sleeve, if (i) the Trustees of the related Fund or the shareholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund, and (ii) a majority of the Trustees of such Fund who are not interested persons of such Fund or of the Manager, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, do not specifically approve at least annually the continuance of this Contract, then this Contract shall automatically terminate at the close of business on the anniversary of its execution, or upon the expiration of one year from the effective date of the last such continuance, whichever is later, or

(c) With respect to any Allocated Sleeve, automatically upon termination of the Manager’s investment management contract with the related Fund.

Action by a Fund under (a) above may be taken either (i) by vote of a majority of its Trustees, or (ii) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund.

Termination of this Contract pursuant to this Section 5 will be without the payment of any penalty.

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6. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS.

For the purposes of this Contract, the “affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund” means the affirmative vote, at a duly called and held meeting of shareholders of such Fund, (a) of the holders of 67% or more of the shares of such Fund present (in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such Fund entitled to vote at such meeting are present in person or by proxy, or (b) of the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such Fund entitled to vote at such meeting, whichever is less.

For the purposes of this Contract, the terms “affiliated person,” “control,” “interested person” and “assignment” shall have their respective meanings defined in the United States Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules and Regulations thereunder (the “1940 Act”), subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act; the term “specifically approve at least annually” shall be construed in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act, and the Rules and Regulations thereunder; and the term “brokerage and research services” shall have the meaning given in the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Rules and Regulations thereunder.

7. NON-LIABILITY OF SUB-MANAGER.

In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Sub-Manager, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder, the Sub-Manager shall not be subject to any liability to the Manager, any Fund or to any shareholder of any Fund, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder.

8. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS.

(a) The Sub-Manager represents that it is regulated by the FCA in the conduct of its investment business. The Sub-Manager has in operation a written procedure in accordance with FCA rules for the effective consideration and proper handling of complaints from customers. Any complaint by the Manager or any Fund should be sent to the Compliance Officer of the Sub-Manager. The Manager and any Fund is also entitled to make any complaints about the Sub-Manager to the Financial Ombudsman Service established by the FCA. The Manager and any Fund may also request a statement describing its rights to compensation in the event of the Sub-Manager’s inability to meet its liabilities.

(b) The Manager represents that it and each Fund are “Professional Customers” in the meaning of the FCA’s rules.

(c) Although each Fund is not a party hereto and shall have no responsibility for the Manager’s or the Sub-Manager’s obligations hereunder, each Fund is named as explicit third party beneficiary of the parties’ agreements hereunder.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, PUTNAM INVESTMENTS LIMITED and PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC have each caused this instrument to be signed in duplicate on its behalf by an officer duly authorized, all as of the day and year first above written.

PUTNAM INVESTMENTS LIMITED 
 
By:  /s/ Simon Davis 
  Simon Davis 
 
 
PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC 
 
By:  /s/ James P. Pappas 
  James P. Pappas 
  Director of Trustee Relations and Authorized Person 

 

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Schedule A
 
Effective February 27, 2014, unless otherwise noted 

As amended as of November 20, 2014

Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund
Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund
Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund
Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund
Putnam American Government Income Fund
Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund
Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund
Putnam Convertible Securities Fund
Putnam Diversified Income Trust
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Balanced Fund
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Conservative Fund
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Equity Fund
Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Growth Fund
Putnam Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund
Putnam Equity Income Fund
Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund
Putnam Emerging Markets Income Fund
Putnam Europe Equity Fund
Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund
Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund
George Putnam Balanced Fund
Putnam Global Consumer Fund
Putnam Global Dividend Fund
Putnam Global Energy Fund
Putnam Global Equity Fund
Putnam Global Financials Fund
Putnam Global Health Care Fund
Putnam Global Income Trust
Putnam Global Industrials Fund
Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund
Putnam Global Sector Fund
Putnam Global Technology Fund
Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund
Putnam Global Utilities Fund
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income
Putnam Growth Opportunities Fund
Putnam High Income Securities Fund

A-1 
47097505_2   

 



Schedule A 
(continued) 

Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund
Putnam High Yield Trust
Putnam Income Fund
Putnam Intermediate-Term Municipal Income Fund
Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund
Putnam International Equity Fund
Putnam International Value Fund
Putnam International Growth Fund
Putnam Investors Fund
Putnam Low Volatility Equity Fund
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Money Market Fund
Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund
Putnam Mortgage Opportunities Fund (effective November 20, 2014)
Putnam Mortgage Recovery Fund
Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund
Putnam Multi-Cap Growth Fund
Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund
Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Premier Income Trust
Putnam Research Fund
Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 1
Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 2
Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 3
Putnam RetirementReady 2055 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2050 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2045 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2040 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2035 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2030 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2025 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2020 Fund
Putnam RetirementReady 2015 Fund
Putnam Short Term Investment Fund
Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund
Putnam Small Cap Growth Fund

A-2 
47097505_2   

 



Schedule A 
(continued) 

Putnam Small Cap Value Fund
Putnam Strategic Volatility Equity Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust
Putnam Voyager Fund
Putnam VT Absolute Return 500 Fund
Putnam VT American Government Income Fund
Putnam VT Capital Opportunities Fund
Putnam VT Diversified Income Fund
Putnam VT Equity Income Fund
Putnam VT George Putnam Balanced Fund
Putnam VT Global Asset Allocation Fund
Putnam VT Global Equity Fund
Putnam VT Global Health Care Fund
Putnam VT Global Utilities Fund
Putnam VT Growth and Income Fund
Putnam VT Growth Opportunities Fund
Putnam VT High Yield Fund
Putnam VT Income Fund
Putnam VT International Equity Fund
Putnam VT International Value Fund
Putnam VT International Growth Fund
Putnam VT Investors Fund
Putnam VT Money Market Fund
Putnam VT Multi-Cap Growth Fund
Putnam VT Multi-Cap Value Fund
Putnam VT Research Fund
Putnam VT Small Cap Value Fund
Putnam VT Voyager Fund

PUTNAM INVESTMENTS LIMITED
 
 
By:  /s/ Alan G. McCormack 
  Alan G. McCormack 
 
PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC 
 
 
By:  /s/ James P. Pappas 
  James P. Pappas 
  Director of Trustee Relations and Authorized Person 

 

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47097505_2   

 

EX-99.E UNDR CONTR 19 a_nf19amod1.htm a_nf19amod1.htm

Schedule of Dealer Sales Contract
1ST DISCOUNT BROKERAGE, INC.
1ST GLOBAL CAPITAL CORP.
A. P. SECURITIES, INC.
A.G. QUINTAL INVESTMENT COMPANY INC.
AARON CAPITAL INCORPORATED
ABACUS INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL CORP.
ABACUS INVESTMENTS, INC
ABEL/NOSER CORP.
ABRAMSON FINANCIAL, LLC
ACA/PRUDENT INVESTORS PLANNING
ACAP FINANCIAL INC.
ACCELERATED CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
ACCESS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
ACCESS INVESTMENTS, INC
ACE DIVERSIFIED CAPITAL, INC.
ACP SECURITIES, LLC
ACTINVER SECURITIES, INC.
ADCAP SECURITIES LLC
ADIRONDACK TRADING GROUP LLC
ADP BROKER-DEALER, INC.
ADVANCE CAPITAL SERVICES, INC.
ADVANCED ADVISOR GROUP, LLC
ADVISORS CLEARING NETWORK, INC.
ADVISORY GROUP EQUITY SERVICES LTD.
AEGIS CAPITAL CORP.
AEGIS INVESTMENTS, INC.
AK CAPITAL LLC
AKAR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
ALAMO CAPITAL
ALEXANDER CAPITAL, L.P.
ALEXANDER INVESTMENT SERVICES CO.
ALLEGHENY INVESTMENTS, LTD.
ALLEGIANCE CAPITAL LLC
ALLEGIS INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
ALLEN & COMPANY OF FLORIDA, INC.
ALLEN C. EWING & CO.
ALLEN, MOONEY & BARNES BROKERAGE SVCS
ALLIANCE ADVISORY & SECURITIES, INC.
ALLIANCE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
ALLIANT SECURITIES, INC. TURNER, NORD,
ALLIED ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
ALLISON-WILLIAMS COMPANY
ALMAX FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, LLC
ALPINE SECURITIES CORPORATION
ALTON SECURITIES GROUP INC.
AMEGY INVESTMENTS, INC.
AMERICA NORTHCOAST SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
AMERICAN DIVERSIFIED FINANCIAL GROUP LLC
AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT CORPORATION



AMERICAN FINANCIAL ASSOCIATES, INC.
AMERICAN FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN FUNDS & TRUSTS INCORPORATED
AMERICAN HERITAGE SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN INDEPENDENT SECURITIES GROUP,
AMERICAN INVESTORS CO
AMERICAN INVESTORS GROUP, INC.
AMERICAN MUNICIPAL SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN NETWORK SECURITIES CORP.
AMERICAN PORTFOLIOS FINANCIAL SERVICES,
AMERICAN TRUST INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
AMERICAN WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC.
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
AMERITAS INVESTMENT CORP
AMERIVET SECURITIES, INC.
ANDREW GARRETT INC.
ANOVEST FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
AON BENFIELD SECURITIES, INC.
AOS, INC.
APEX CLEARING CORPORATION
ARBOR COURT CAPITAL, LLC
ARETE WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC
ARIVE CAPITAL MARKETS
ARLINGTON SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
ARQUE CAPITAL, LTD.
ARVEST INVESTMENTS, INC.
ASHTON YOUNG, INC.
ASIA PACIFIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT GROUP,
ASPEN EQUITY PARTNERS, LLC
ASSOCIATED INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
ATIS, INC
ATLANTIC SECURITIES, INC.
AUFHAUSER SECURITIES, INC.
AURORA FINANCIAL
AURORA SECURITIES
AUSDAL FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC.
AVALON INVESTMENT & SECURITIES GROUP,
AVENTURA SECURITIES, LLC
AVISEN SECURITIES, INC.
AVONDALE PARTNERS, LLC
AXA ADVISORS, LLC
AXIOM CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
B. C. ZIEGLER AND COMPANY
B.B. GRAHAM & COMPANY, INC.
BAIRD, PATRICK & CO., INC.
BAKER & COMPANY
BAKER TILLY CAPITAL, LLC
BALLEW INVESTMENTS, INC.
BANK OF AMERICA NT & SA
BANKERS & INVESTORS CO.



BANKOH INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BARCLAYS CAPITAL INC.
BARRETT & COMPANY, INC.
BARRINGTON RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
BATES SECURITIES, INC.
BAY MUTUAL FINANCIAL, LLC
BB&T SECURITIES, LLC
BCG SECURITIES, INC.
BEACONSFIELD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
BEAR STEARNS SECURITIES CORP
BEARD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
BEDMINSTER FINANCIAL GROUP, LIMITED
BENCHMARK INVESTMENTS, INC.
BENJAMIN F. EDWARDS & COMPANY, INC.
BENJAMIN SECURITIES, INC.
BERGHOFF & COMPANY, INC.
BERNARD HEROLD & CO., INC.
BERNARDI SECURITIES, INC.
BERTHEL, FISHER & CO FINANCIAL SERVICES,
BESTVEST INVESTMENTS, LTD.
BFT FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
BILL FEW SECURITIES, INC.
BISHOP, ROSEN & CO., INC.
BLACK OAK SECURITIES, INC.
BLAKESLEE AND BLAKESLEE INC.
BLEY INVESTMENTS GROUP, INC.
BLUE CREEK SECURITIES INC
BMO HARRIS FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
BNP PARIBAS SECURITIES CORP.
BODELL OVERCASH ANDERSON & CO., INC.
BOENNING & SCATTERGOOD, INC.
BOLTON GLOBAL CAPITAL
BORNHOFT GROUP
BPU INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
BRANDON INVESTMENTS, INC.
BRANDT, KELLY & SIMMONS SECURITIES, LLC
BRAZOS SECURITIES, INC.
BRIGHTON SECURITIES CORP.
BRILL SECURITIES, INC.
BRINKER CAPITAL
BRISTOL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC
BROKER DEALER FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP.
BROKERAGESELECT
BROKERS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
BROOKLIGHT PLACE SECURITIES, INC.
BROWN ASSOCIATES, INC.
BROWN, LISLE/CUMMINGS, INC.
BRYAN FUNDING, INC.
BTS SECURITIES CORPORATION
BUCK KWASHA SECURITIES LLC
BUCKMAN, BUCKMAN & REID, INC.



BUCKRAM SECURITIES LTD
BUELL SECURITIES CORP.
BURKE, LAWTON, BREWER & BURKE, LLC
BUTTONWOOD PARTNERS, INC.
C A BOTZUM & CO.
C C F INVESTMENTS, INC.
C R I SECURITIES
C. G. MENK & ASSOCIATES, INC.
C. R. DAVIS & COMPANY
CABOT LODGE SECURITIES LLC
CADARET, GRANT & CO., INC.
CALDWELL INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES
CALDWELL SECURITIES, INC
CALLAWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CALTON & ASSOCIATES, INC.
CAMBRIDGE INVESTMENT RESEARCH, INC.
CAMDEN FINANCIAL SERVICES
CANTELLA & CO., INC.
CANTONE RESARCH INC.
CAPE FEAR SECURITIES, INC.
CAPE SECURITIES INC.
CAPFINANCIAL SECURITIES, LLC.
CAPITAL BROKERAGE CORPORATION
CAPITAL CITY SECURITIES, LLC
CAPITAL DIRECTIONS, INC.
CAPITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CAPITAL GUARDIAN, LLC
CAPITAL INVESTMENT BROKERAGE, INC.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT SECURITIES, INC.
CAPITAL ONE INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
CAPITAL PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT, INC.
CAPITAL RESEARCH BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
CAPITAL SECURITIES INVESTMENT
CAPITAL SYNERGY PARTNERS
CAPITOL SECURITIES MANAGEMENT, INC.
CAPROCK SECURITIES, INC.
CARDINAL INVESTMENTS, INC.
CAREY, THOMAS, HOOVER, & BREAULT, INC.
CARL M HENNIG & CO
CARL P. SHERR & CO., LLC
CARTER, TERRY & COMPANY, INC.
CARTHAGE GROUP INC.
CARTY & COMPANY, INC.
CARY STREET PARTNERS LLC
CASCADE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CASCADE INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
CASTLE HILL CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.
CBIZ FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
CCO INVESTMENT SERVICES CORP.
CELADON FINANCIAL GROUP LLC



CENTARA CAPITAL SECURITIES, INC.
CENTAURUS FINANCIAL, INC.
CENTENNIAL SECURITIES COMPANY, INC.
CENTER STREET SECURITIES, INC.
CENTERRE CAPITAL LLC
CENTRAL STATES CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
CEROS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CERTUSSECURITIES, INC.
CETERA ADVISOR NETWORKS LLC
CETERA ADVISORS LLC
CETERA FINANCIAL SPECIALISTS LLC
CETERA INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
CFD INVESTMENTS, INC.
CFS SECURITIES, INC.
CHAMPION CAPITAL CORPORATION
CHAPIN DAVIS, INC.
CHARLES JORDAN & CO., LLC
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC.
CHAUNER SECURITIES, INC.
CHELSEA FINANCIAL SERVICES
CHESTER HARRIS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED
CHURCH, GREGORY, ADAMS SECURITIES
CIRCLE TRUST COMPANY
CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
CITY NATIONAL SECURITIES, INC.
CITY SECURITIES CORPORATION
CLARK DODGE & CO., INC.
CLARK NOBIL & COMPANY
CLARK SECURITIES, INC.
CLARY INVESTMENT AND INSURANCE PLANNING
CLASSIC, LLC
CLEARY GULL INC.
CLIENT ONE SECURITIES LLC
CLINGER & CO., INC.
CNA INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
CNS SECURITIES, LLC
COASTAL EQUITIES, INC.
COBURN & MEREDITH, INC.
COKER & PALMER, INC.
COLONIAL SECURITIES, INC.
COLONY PARK FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC.
COLORADO FINANCIAL SERVICE CORPORATION
COMERICA SECURITIES,INC.
COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL NETWORK
COMMUNITYAMERICA FIN SOLUTIONS, LLC
COMPASS SECURITIES CORPORATION
COMPREHENSIVE ASSET MGMT AND SERVICING
CONCORDE INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
CONFIDENTIAL MGMT FINANCIAL SERVICES,
CONNERS & CO., INC.



CONOVER SECURITIES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SECURITIES
CONSTELLATION WEALTH ADVISORS LLC
CONTINENTAL INVESTORS SERVICES, INC.
COOMBE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC
COOPER MALONE MCCLAIN, INC.
COORDINATED CAPITAL SECURITIES, INC.
COR CLEARING LLC
CORECAP INVESTMENTS, INC
CORINTHIAN PARTNERS, L.L.C.
CORNERSTONE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CORPORATE INVESTMENTS GROUP, INC.
CORRELL CO. INVESTMENT SERVICES CORP.
COSSE' INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES, INC.
COUGHLIN & COMPANY INC.
COUNTRY CLUB FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CP CAPITAL SECURITIES, INC.
CRAIG-HALLUM CAPITAL GROUP LLC
CREATIVE RESOURCES BROKER SERVICES, LLC
CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC
CRESAP, INC.
CRESCENT SECURITIES GROUP, INC.
CRESSMAN ESSER SECURITIES, INC.
CREWS & ASSOCIATES, INC.
CROWN CAPITAL SECURITIES, L.P.
CUNA BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
CURBSTONE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CURREN & COMPANY
CUSO FINANCIAL SERVICES, L.P.
CUTTER AND COMPANY BROKERAGE, INC.
CV BROKERAGE, INC
CW SECURITIES, LLC
D. B. MCKENNA & CO., INC.
D.A. DAVIDSON & CO.
D.H. HILL SECURITIES, LLLP
D.M. KELLY & COMPANY
DALTON STRATEGIC INVESTMENT SERVICES
DART, PAPESH & COMPANY, INCORPORATED
DARWOOD ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED
DAUTRICH, SEILER FINANCIAL SERVICES,
DAVENPORT & COMPANY LLC
DAVID A. NOYES & COMPANY
DAVID HARRIS & CO., INC.
DAVID LERNER ASSOCIATES, INC.
DAVINCI CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC.
DAWSON JAMES SECURITIES, INC.
DEAWM DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
DELTA TRUST INVESTMENTS, INC.
DEMPSEY FINANCIAL NETWORK, INC.
DEMPSEY LORD SMITH, LLC



DESPAIN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
DESTINY CAPITAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
DETWILER FENTON & CO.
DETWILER FENTON WEALTH MANAGEMENT INC
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
DEVENIR, LLC
DFP EQUITIES, INC.
DFPG INVESTMENTS, INC.
DIAMANT INVESTMENT CORPORATION
DILLON - GAGE SECURITIES, INC.
DINOSAUR SECURITIES, L.L.C.
DIVERSIFIED CAPITAL CORPORATION
DIVERSIFIED RESOURCES, LLC
DIVERSIFIED SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
DMG SECURITIES,INC.
DOMINICK & DOMINICK LLC
DOMINION INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
DON ALEXANDER INVESTMENTS, INC.
DONEGAL SECURITIES, INC.
DORN & CO., INC.
DORSEY & COMPANY, INC.
DOUBLE EAGLE SECURITIES OF AMERICA, INC
DOUGHERTY & COMPANY LLC
DP ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
DUNCAN-WILLIAMS, INC
DUNDEE SECURITIES INC.
DYNASTY CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.
E*TRADE CLEARING, LLC
E. E. POWELL & COMPANY INC.
E.S. FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
EAGLE EQUITIES, INC.
EAGLE LEDGE CAPITAL, LLC
EAGLEVIEW SECURITIES, INC
EARLYBIRDCAPITAL, INC.
EASTERN POINT SECURITIES, INC.
EBH SECURITIES, INC.
ECM SECURITIES CORP.
ECONOMY SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
EDI FINANCIAL, INC.
EDWARD JONES
EDWIN C. BLITZ INVESTMENTS, INC
EFC FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
EK RILEY INVESTMENTS, LLC
ELE WEALTH ADVISORS, INC.
ELISH & ELISH INC.
EMERGENT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
EMERGING GROWTH EQUITIES, LTD.
EMERSON EQUITY LLC
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
ENSEMBLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ENVOY SECURITIES, LLC



EQUABLE SECURITIES CORPORATION
EQUINOX SECURITIES, INC.
EQUITY INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC
EQUITY SERVICES, INC.
ESPOSITO SECURITIES, LLC
ESSEX FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ESSEX NATIONAL SECURITIES, LLC
ESSEX SECURITIES LLC
ETC BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
EURO PACIFIC CAPITAL, INC.
E-W INVESTMENTS, INC.
EXCEL SECURITIES & ASSOCIATES, INC
FAIRPORT CAPITAL, INC.
FAMILY INVESTORS COMPANY
FAMILY MANAGEMENT SECURITIES, LLC
FARMERS FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, LLC
FAS CORP.
FB EQUITY SALES CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN
FBT INVESTMENTS, INC.
FCG ADVISORS, LLC
FEDERATED SECURITIES, INC.
FELDSTEIN FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
FELTL & COMPANY
FENWICK SECURITIES, INC.
FIDUCIARY ADVISORS, LLC
FIELDPOINT PRIVATE SECURITIES LLC
FINANCE 500, INC
FINANCIAL AMERICA SECURITIES, INC.
FINANCIAL NORTHEASTERN SECURITIES, INC
FINANCIAL PLANNING CONSULTANTS, INC
FINANCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT,
FINANCIAL SERVICES INTERNATIONAL CORP
FINANCIAL TELESIS
FINANCIAL WEST GROUP
FINTEGRA, LLC
FINTRUST BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
FIRST ALLIED SECURITIES, INC
FIRST AMERICAN SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST ASSET FINANCIAL INC
FIRST BANKERS' BANC SECURITIES, INC
FIRST BROKERAGE AMERICA, L.L.C
FIRST CANTERBURY SECURITIES, INC
FIRST CITIZENS FINANCIAL PLUS, INC.
FIRST CITIZENS INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
FIRST CITIZENS SECURITIES CORPORATION
FIRST CLEARING, LLC
FIRST COMMAND FINANCIAL PLANNING, INC.
FIRST DALLAS SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST EMPIRE SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST FINANCIAL EQUITY CORPORATION
FIRST FINANCIAL SECURITIES OF AMERICA,



FIRST GEORGETOWN SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST HEARTLAND CAPITAL, INC
FIRST HONOLULU SECURITIES, INC
FIRST INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES,
FIRST INVESTORS CORPORATION
FIRST KENTUCKY SECURITIES CORPORATION
FIRST LIBERTIES SECURITIES, INC
FIRST MANHATTAN CO
FIRST MIDWEST SECURITIES, INC
FIRST NATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.
FIRST REPUBLIC SECURITIES COMPANY, LLC
FIRST SAVINGS SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST SOUTHEAST INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
FIRST STATE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
FIRST WESTERN ADVISORS
FIRST WESTERN SECURITIES, INC.
FIRSTRADE SECURITIES INC.
FLORIDA ATLANTIC SECURITIES CORP
FMN CAPITAL CORPORATION
FMSBONDS, INC
FNBB CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
FOLGER NOLAN FLEMING DOUGLAS
FOLIOFN INVESTMENTS, INC
FOOTHILL SECURITIES, INC
FORDHAM FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC
FORESIGHT INVESTMENTS, LLC
FOREST SECURITIES,INC
FORESTERS EQUITY SERVICES, INC
FORTUNE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC
FOUNDERS FINANCIAL SECURITIES LLC
FOURTH STREET FINANCIAL GROUP, INC
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FINANCIAL SERVICES
FREEDOM INVESTORS CORP
FREIMARK BLAIR & COMPANY, INC
FROST BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
FSB PREMIER WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC.
FSC SECURITIES CORPORATION
FTB ADVISORS, INC
FULCRUM SECURITIES, LLC
FUND INVESTORS, INC
G - W BROKERAGE GROUP, INC.
G. A. REPPLE & COMPANY
G.F. INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
G.L.S. & ASSOCIATES, INC
G.RESEARCH, INC
GAGE-WILEY & CO., INC
GARDEN STATE SECURITIES, INC.
GARDNER FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
GARY GOLDBERG & CO., INC.
GATEWAY FINANCIAL AGENCY CORPORATION
GBS RETIREMENT SERVICES, INC



GENEOS WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC
GENERAL SECURITIES CORP
GEORGE K. BAUM & COMPANY
GERSON, HOROWITZ, GREEN SECURITIES CORP
GFA SECURITIES, LLC
GILFORD SECURITIES INCORPORATED
GILL CAPITAL PARTNERS
GIRARD SECURITIES, INC.
GLADOWSKY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CORP.
GLEN EAGLE ADVISORS LLC
GLOBAL BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
GLOBAL INVESTOR SERVICES, L.C
GLOBAL MARKETS, LLC
GLOBALINK SECURITIES, INC.
GLP INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
GOELZER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC
GOLD COAST SECURITIES, INC
GOLDK INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC
GOLDMAN SACHS EXECUTION &
GOODWIN SECURITIES, INC
GOOGINS & ANTON, INC
GOULD, AMBROSON & ASSOCIATES LTD
GRADIENT SECURITIES, LLC
GRAMERCY SECURITIES, INC
GRANT WILLIAMS L.P
GRB FINANCIAL LLC
GREAT AMERICAN ADVISORS, INC.
GREAT AMERICAN INVESTORS, INC
GREAT NATION INVESTMENT CORPORATION
GREENBERG FINANCIAL GROUP
GREENBRIER DIVERSIFIED, INC
GREENMAN PARKER CONNALLY GREENMAN
GREENTREE INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC
GREGORY J. SCHWARTZ & CO., INC.
GRF CAPITAL INVESTORS, INC.
GRIFFINEST ASIA SECURITIES, LLC
GRODSKY ASSOCIATES, INC.
GUZMAN & COMPANY
GVC CAPITAL LLC
GW & WADE ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC
GWFS EQUITIES, INC.
GWN SECURITIES INC.
H C WAINWRIGHT & CO
H D VEST INVESTMENT SERVICES INC
H. BECK, INC.
H. C. DENISON CO.
H. KAWANO & CO., INC.
H.D. BRENT & COMPANY, INC.
HALLIDAY FINANCIAL, LLC
HAMILTON CAVANAUGH INVESTMENT BROKERS,
HANCOCK INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.



HANCOCK SECURITIES GROUP, LLC
HAND SECURITIES, INC
HANSON MCCLAIN RETIREMENT NETWORK, LLC
HANTZ FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
HAPOALIM SECURITIES USA, INC.
HARBOR FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
HARBOR INVESTMENT ADVISORY, LLC
HARBOR LIGHT SECURITIES, LLC
HARBOUR INVESTMENTS, INC.
HARGER AND COMPANY, INC.
HAROLD DANCE INVESTMENTS
HARTFORD SECURITIES DISTRIBUTION CMPY
HARVEST FINANCIAL CORPORATION
HARVESTONS SECURITIES, INC.
HAZARD & SIEGEL, INC.
HAZLETT, BURT & WATSON, INC.
HBW SECURITIES LLC
HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY SECURITIES
HEARTLAND INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES, INC.
HEFREN-TILLOTSON, INC.
HEIM, YOUNG & ASSOCIATES, INC.
HENLEY & COMPANY LLC
HENNION & WALSH, INC.
HERBERT J. SIMS & CO. INC.
HERITAGE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
HERNDON PLANT OAKLEY, LTD.
HEWITT FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
HIGH POINT CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
HIGHLAND FINANCIAL, LTD.
HIGHLANDER CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
HIGHTOWER SECURITIES, LLC
HOLLOWAY & ASSOCIATES, INC.
HORAN SECURITIES, INC.
HORIZON FINANCIAL INVESTMENT CORPORATION
HORNOR, TOWNSEND & KENT, INC.
HP SECURITIES, INC.
HSBC SECURITIES (USA) INC.
HUCKIN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
HUDSON HERITAGE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
HUNTER ASSOCIATES, INC.
HUNTER SCOTT FINANCIAL , LLC
HUNTLEIGH SECURITIES CORPORATION
HYUNDAI SECURITIES (AMERICA) INC.
IBN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ICMA RC SERVICES INC
IFS SECURITIES
IMS SECURITIES, INC.
INDEPENDENCE CAPITAL CO., INC.
INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
INDIANA MERCHANT BANKING AND BROKERAGE
INDIANA SECURITIES LLC



INFINITY FINANCIAL SERVICES
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
INGALLS & SNYDER, LLC
INNOVATION PARTNERS LLC
INSIGHT SECURITIES, INC
INSTITUTIONAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
INTEGRAL FINANCIAL LLC
INTEGRATED FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES
INTEGRATED TRADING AND INVESTMENTS, INC.
INTEGRITY BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
INTERCAROLINA FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
INTERNATIONAL ASSETS ADVISORY, LLC
INTERNATIONAL MONEY MANAGEMENT GROUP,
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SECURITIES, INC.
INTERPACIFIC INVESTORS SERVICES, INC.
INTERRA CLEARING SERVICES INC
INTERVEST INTERNATIONAL EQUITIES
INVERNESS SECURITIES, LLC
INVESTACORP, INC.
INVESTMENT ARCHITECTS, INC.
INVESTMENT NETWORK, INC.
INVESTMENT PERSPECTIVES SECURITIES, LTD.
INVESTMENT PLACEMENT GROUP
INVESTMENT PLANNERS, INC.
INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS, INC.
INVESTMENT SECURITY CORPORATION
INVESTMENTS BY PLANNERS, INC.
INVESTMENTS FOR YOU, INC.
INVESTORS BROKERAGE OF TEXAS, LTD.
INVESTORS CAPITAL CORP.
INVESTORS PLANNING SERVICES, CORP
INVESTORS PROPERTIES, INC.
ISAAK BOND INVESTMENTS, INC.
J J B HILLIARD
J R M SECURITIES
J. ALDEN ASSOCIATES, INC.
J. D. SEIBERT & COMPANY, INC.
J. J. & M. GELDZAHLER
J.A. GLYNN INVESTMENTS, LLC.
J.D. NICHOLAS & ASSOCIATES, INC.
J.H. DARBIE & CO., INC.
J.K. FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC
J.P. TURNER & COMPANY, L.L.C.
J.W. COLE FINANCIAL, INC.
JACK V. BUTTERFIELD INVESTMENT COMPANY
JACKSON & SMITH INVESTMENT SECURITIES, LLC
JACQUES FINANCIAL, LLC
JAMES FOX SECURITIES, INC.
JAMES I. BLACK & COMPANY



JAMES T. BORELLO & CO.
JAMES W HUMBARD
JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC
JBS LIBERTY SECURITIES, INC.
JDL SECURITIES CORPORATION
JEFFERIES LLC
JETTRADE, INC.
JHS CAPITAL ADVISORS INC
JOHN HANCOCK FUNDS INC
JOHN JAMES INVESTMENTS LTD
JOHNSON SECURITIES, INC.
JOHNSTON, LEMON & CO. INCORPORATED
JOSEPH GUNNAR & CO. LLC
JRL CAPITAL CORPORATION
K. W. CHAMBERS & CO.
KAISER AND COMPANY
KALOS CAPITAL, INC.
KASHNER DAVIDSON SECURITIES CORPORATION
KCD FINANCIAL, INC.
KCG SECURITIES, LLC
KEELEY INVESTMENT CORP
KENNETH, JEROME & CO.,INC.
KENSINGTON CAPITAL CORP.
KERCHEVILLE & COMPANY, INC
KEVIN HART KORNFIELD & COMPANY, INC.
KEY INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
KEY WEST INVESTMENTS, LLC
KEYBANC CAPITAL MARKETS INC.
KEYSTONE CAPITAL CORPORATION
KINETICS FUNDS DISTRIBUTORS, INC
KMS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
KOONCE SECURITIES, INC.
KOVACK SECURITIES INC.
KOVITZ SECURITIES, LLC
KUYKENDALL & SCHNEIDER, INC.
KW SECURITIES CORPORATION
L & M FINANCIAL SERVICES INC
L. B. FISHER & COMPANY
L.M. KOHN & COMPANY
L.O. THOMAS & CO. INC.
LABRUNERIE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
LADENBURG THALMANN & CO. INC.
LAIDLAW & COMPANY (UK) LTD
LANDAAS & COMPANY
LANDOLT SECURITIES, INC.
LANTERN INVESTMENTS, INC.
LARA, MAY & ASSOCIATES, LLC
LARADORBECKER SECURITIES CORPORATION
LARIMER CAPITAL CORPORATION
LARSON FINANCIAL SECURITIES, LLC
LASALLE ST SECURITIES, L.L.C



LAWSON FINANCIAL CORPORATION
LAZARD CAPITAL MARKETS LLC
LAZARD FRERES & CO. LLC
LEBENTHAL & CO., LLC
LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
LEGACY ASSET SECURITIES, INC.
LEGEND EQUITIES CORPORATION
LEGEND SECURITIES, INC.
LEHMAN BROTHERS INC
LEIGH BALDWIN & CO., LLC
LENOX FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
LEONARD SECURITIES, INC
LESKO SECURITIES INC
LEUMI INVESTMENT SERVICES INC.
LEWIS FINANCIAL GROUP, L.C.
LEXINGTON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
LIBERTY CAPITAL INVESTMENT CORPORATION
LIBERTY GROUP, LLC
LIBERTY PARTNERS FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
LIEBLONG & ASSOCIATES, INC.
LIFEMARK SECURITIES CORP.
LINCOLN DOUGLAS INVESTMENTS, LLC
LINCOLN FINANCIAL ADVISORS CORPORATION
LINCOLN FINANCIAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
LINCOLN INVESTMENT PLANNING, INC.
LION STREET FINANCIAL,LLC
LOCKTON FINANCIAL ADVISORS, LLC
LOMBARD SECURITIES INCORPORATED
LONG ISLAND FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
LORIA FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
LORING WARD SECURITIES INC.
LOWELL & COMPANY, INC.
LOYAL3 SECURITIES INC.
LPL FINANCIAL CORPORATION
LUCIA SECURITIES, LLC
LUCIEN, STIRLING & GRAY FINANCIAL
M HOLDINGS SECURITIES, INC.
M. E. ALLISON & CO., INC.
M. GRIFFITH INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
M. H. LEBLANG, INC.
M. ZUCKER, INC
MACK INVESTMENT SECURITIES, INC.
MADISON AVENUE SECURITIES, INC.
MAINE SECURITIES CORPORATION
MAITLAND SECURITIES, INC.
MANARIN SECURITIES CORPORATION
MANNA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
MAPLEWOOD INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.
MARC J. LANE & COMPANY
MARSCO INVESTMENT CORPORATION
MARTIN NELSON & CO., INC.



MASON SECURITIES, INC.
MATRIX CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
MAXIM GROUP LLC
MAXWELL SIMON, INC
MAYHILL AGENCY, LLC
MBSC SECURITIES CORPORATION
MCADAMS WRIGHT RAGEN, INC
MCCLURG CAPITAL CORPORATION
MCCOURTNEY-BRECKENRIDGE & COMPANY
MCCRACKEN ADVISORY PARTNERS CORPORATION
MCDERMOTT INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
MCDONALD PARTNERS LLC
MCDUFFIE/MORRIS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
MCG SECURITIES LLC
MCLAUGHLIN RYDER INVESTMENTS, INC.
MCNALLY FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION
MEANS INVESTMENT CO., INC
MERCAP SECURITIES, LLC
MERCER ALLIED COMPANY, L.P.
MERIDIEN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
MERITUS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC
MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE
MERRIMAC CORPORATE SECURITIES, INC.
MESIROW FINANCIAL, INC.
METLIFE SECURITIES INC.
MEYERS ASSOCIATES, L.P.
MFS FUND DISTRIBUTORS, INC
MGO SECURITIES CORP.
MHA FINANCIAL CORP
MICHIGAN SECURITIES, INC.
MID ATLANTIC CAPITAL CORPORATION
MIDAMERICA FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
MID-ATLANTIC SECURITIES, INC.
MIDDLEGATE SECURITIES LTD.
MIDWESTERN SECURITIES TRADING COMPANY,
MINISTRY PARTNERS SECURITIES, LLC
MINSHALL & COMPANY INC.
MITSUBISHI UFJ MORGAN STANLEY SECURITIES
MIZUHO INVESTORS SECURITIES
MMC SECURITIES CORP.
MML DISTRIBUTORS, LLC
MML INVESTORS SERVICES, LLC
MOLONEY SECURITIES CO., INC.
MONARCH CAPITAL GROUP, LLC
MONETA SECURITIES CORPORATION
MONEY CONCEPTS CAPITAL CORP
MONEY MANAGEMENT ADVISORY, INC.
MONTAGE SECURITIES, LLC
MOORS & CABOT, INC.
MORGAN KEEGAN & CO INC
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC



MORGAN WILSHIRE SECURITIES, INC.
MORRIS GROUP, INC.
MORTON SEIDEL & COMPANY, INC.
MOUNTAIN RIVER SECURITIES
MSC - BD, LLC
MSCS FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
MULTI-BANK SECURITIES, INC.
MULTIPLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
MUNICIPAL CAPITAL MARKETS GROUP, INC.
MURPHY & DURIEU
MUTUAL FUNDS ASSOCIATES INC.
MUTUAL OF OMAHA INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
MUTUAL SECURITIES, INC.
MUTUAL TRUST CO. OF AMERICA SECURITIES
MV SECURITIES GROUP, INC.
MWA FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
N.I.S. FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
NANCY BARRON & ASSOCIATES, INC.
NATIONAL ALLIANCE SECURITIES, LLC
NATIONAL PENSION & GROUP CONSULTANTS,
NATIONAL PLANNING CORPORATION
NATIONAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
NATIONS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NATIONWIDE INVESTMENT SERVICES
NATIONWIDE PLANNING ASSOCIATES INC.
NATIONWIDE SECURITIES, LLC
NEIDIGER, TUCKER, BRUNER, INC.
NELNET CAPITAL LLC
NELSON IVEST BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
NELSON SECURITIES,INC.
NESTLERODE & LOY, INC.
NETHERLAND SECURITIES, INC.
NETWORK 1 FINANCIAL SECURITIES INC.
NEUBERGER BERMAN LLC
NEW ENGLAND SECURITIES CORPORATION
NEW HORIZONS ASSET MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC
NEWBRIDGE SECURITIES CORPORATION
NEWPORT COAST SECURITIES, INC.
NEWPORT GROUP SECURITIES, INC.
NEXT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NFP ADVISOR SERVICES, LLC
NGC FINANCIAL, LLC
NI ADVISORS
NIA SECURITIES, L.L.C.
NIAGARA INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL LIMITED
NICOL INVESTORS CORPORATION
NMS FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
NOBLE FINANCIAL CAPITAL MARKETS
NORTH NASSAU ADVISORS, LLC
NORTH RIDGE SECURITIES CORP.
NORTH STAR INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.



NORTH WOODWARD FINANCIAL CORP.
NORTHEAST SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHERN CAPITAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
NORTHERN LIGHTS DISTRIBUTORS, LLC
NORTHERN SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHLAND SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHWEST INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL INVESTMENT SERVICES,
NPB FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
NYLIFE DISTRIBUTORS LLC
NYLIFE SECURITIES LLC
O N EQUITY SALES CORP
OAK GROVE INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
OAK TREE SECURITIES, INC.
OAKBRIDGE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
OBERWEIS SECURITIES, INC.
OFG FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
OHANESIAN / LECOURS, INC.
OLMSTED & MULHALL, INC.
OMEGA SECURITIES, INC.
OMNI FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
ONEAMERICA SECURITIES, INC.
ONEIDA WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC.
OPPENHEIMER & CO. INC.
OPTIONSXPRESS, INC.
ORIENTAL FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP.
OSCAR GRUSS & SON INCORPORATED
PACIFIC FINANCIAL ASSOCIATES, INC.
PACKERLAND BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
PAINTER, SMITH AND AMBERG INC.
PARADIGM EQUITIES, INC.
PARK AVENUE SECURITIES LLC
PARK CITY CAPITAL, INC.
PARKLAND SECURITIES, LLC
PARSONEX SECURITIES, INC.
PAULSON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
PEACHTREE CAPITAL CORPORATION
PEAK BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
PENATES GROUP, INC.
PENROD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
PENSION SERVICE ASSOCIATES SECURITIES
PENTEGRA DISTRIBUTORS INC.
PEOPLE'S SECURITIES, INC.
PERKINS, SMART & BOYD, INC.
PERRYMAN SECURITIES, INC.
PERSHING LLC
PETERSEN INVESTMENTS, INC.
PFA SECURITY ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
PFLUEGER & BAERWALD INC.
PFS INVESTMENTS INC.
PHILADELPHIA INVESTORS, LTD.



PHILIP J. GREENBLATT SECURITIES LTD
PHILLIPS & COMPANY SECURITIES INC.
PHX FINANCIAL, INC.
PINNACLE EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC.
PINNACLE INVESTMENTS, LLC
PIPER JAFFRAY & CO.
PLAN B INVESTMENTS, INC.
PLAN PROFESSIONALS LIMITED
PLANMEMBER SECURITIES CORPORATION
PLANNED FINANCIAL PROGRAMS, INC.
PLANNED INVESTMENT CO., INC.
PLANNERS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
PNC CAPITAL MARKETS LLC
PNC INVESTMENTS LLC
PODESTA & CO.
POLAR INVESTMENT COUNSEL, INC.
PORT SECURITIES, INC.
PORTFOLIO ADVISORS ALLIANCE, INC.
PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
PORTFOLIO RESOURCES GROUP, INC.
PORTSMOUTH FINANCIAL SERVICES
PPI EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
PREFERRED CLIENT GROUP, INC.
PREMIER SECURITIES OF AMERICA, INC.
PRESIDENTIAL BROKERAGE, INC.
PRIMESOLUTIONS SECURITIES, INC.
PRIMEX
PRINCOR FINANCIAL SERVICES INC
PRIVATE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC
PRIVATE PORTFOLIO, INC.
PROEQUITIES, INC.
PROF BROKER-DEALER FINANCIAL PLANNING,
PROFESSIONAL TRADING SERVICES BROKERAGE,
PROFINANCIAL, INC.
PROSPERA FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
PROTECTED INVESTORS OF AMERICA
PROVIDENT PRIVATE CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.
PRUCO SECURITIES, LLC.
PRUDENTIAL RETIREMENT
PSA EQUITIES, INC.
PTI SECURITIES & FUTURES L.P.
PUPLAVA SECURITIES, INC.
PURSHE KAPLAN STERLING INVESTMENTS, INC.
PWA SECURITIES, INC.
PYRAMID FUNDS CORPORATION
QUAYLE & CO SECURITIES
QUEENS ROAD SECURITIES, LLC
QUEST CAPITAL STRATEGIES, INC.
QUEST SECURITIES, INC.
QUESTAR CAPITAL CORPORATION
QUINCY CASS ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED



R & R PLANNING GROUP LTD
R. SEELAUS & CO.,INC.
R.M. DUNCAN SECURITIES, INC.
R.M. STARK & CO., INC.
RAFFERTY CAPITAL MARKETS INC
RAMIREZ & CO INC
RAPHAEL ARYEH
RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC.
RAYMOND JAMES (USA) LTD.
RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
RBC CAPITAL MARKETS CORP
RD CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
RDM INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
RED CAPITAL MARKETS INC
REDWINE & COMPANY, INC.
REGAL SECURITIES, INC.
REGIONAL INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
REGISTER FINANCIAL ASSOCIATES, INC.
REGULUS ADVISORS, LLC
RELIANCE WORLDWIDE INVESTMENTS, LLC
RENSSELAER SECURITIES CORP.
REPEX & CO., INC.
RESOURCE HORIZONS GROUP LLC
RETIREMENT PLANNING, INC.
REVERE SECURITIES LLC
RHODES SECURITIES, INC.
RICE PONTES CAPITAL, INC.
RICHARDS, MERRILL & PETERSON, INC.
RICHFIELD ORION INTERNATIONAL, INC.
RIDGEWAY & CONGER, INC.
RIEDL FIRST SECURITIES COMPANY OF KANSAS
RIM SECURITIES LLC
RJJ PASADENA SECURITIES, INC.
RNR SECURITIES, L.L.C.
ROBERT R. MEREDITH & CO., INC.
ROBERT W. BAIRD & CO. INCORPORATED
ROBERTS & RYAN INVESTMENTS INC.
ROBINSON & LUKENS, INC.
ROBINSON & ROBINSON, INC.
ROCKWELL GLOBAL CAPITAL LLC
RODGERS BROTHERS, INC.
ROGAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.
ROMANO BROTHERS AND COMPANY
ROOSEVELT & CROSS, INCORPORATED
ROOSEVELT EQUITY CORPORATION
ROSS SECURITIES CORPORATION
ROSS, SINCLAIRE & ASSOCIATES, LLC
ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
ROTHMAN SECURITIES, INC.
ROTHSCHILD INVESTMENT CORPORATION
ROYAL ALLIANCE ASSOCIATES, INC.



ROYAL SECURITIES COMPANY
RYAN FINANCIAL, INC.
S.G. LONG & COMPANY
S.L. REED & COMPANY
SAFEGUARD SECURITIES, INC.
SAGE, RUTTY & CO., INC.
SAGEPOINT FINANCIAL INC
SAMCO CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.
SANCTUARY SECURITIES, LLC
SANDERS MORRIS HARRIS INC.
SANDLAPPER SECURITIES, LLC
SANTANDER SECURITIES LLC
SAPERSTON ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
SATURNA BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
SAXONY SECURITIES, INC.
SCF SECURITIES, INC.
SCH ENTERPRISES, INC.
SCHLITT INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
SCOTT JAMES GROUP, INC.
SCOTT T. TAYLOR, LTD.
SCOTTRADE, INC.
SCOTTSDALE CAPITAL ADVISORS CORP
SDDCO BROKERAGE ADVISORS LLC
SEARLE & CO.
SECU BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
SECURE PLANNING, INC.
SECUREVEST FINANCIAL GROUP
SECURIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SECURITIES AMERICA, INC.
SECURITIES CAPITAL CORPORATION
SECURITIES EQUITY GROUP
SECURITIES MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH, INC.
SECURITIES RESEARCH, INC.
SECURITIES SERVICE NETWORK, INC.
SEI INVESTMENTS DISTRIBUTION CO.
SEI TRUST
SELKIRK INVESTMENTS, INC.
SENATE SECURITIES
SENTINEL SECURITIES, INC.
SFA FINANCIAL, LLC
SHAREHOLDERS SERVICE GROUP, INC.
SHAREMASTER
SHEARSON FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
SIGMA FINANCIAL CORPORATION
SIGNAL SECURITIES, INC.
SIGNATOR FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SIGNATOR INVESTORS, INC.
SIGNATURE SECURITIES GROUP CORPORATION
SII INVESTMENTS, INC.
SILBER BENNETT FINANCIAL, INC.
SILICON VALLEY SECURITIES, INC.



SILVER OAK SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
SISUNG SECURITIES CORPORATION
SKA SECURITIES, INC.
SLAVIC INVESTMENT CORPORATION
SMBC FRIEND SECURITIES CO. LTD
SMC FINANCIAL, INC.
SMITH HAYES FINANCIAL SERVICES
SMITH, BROWN & GROOVER, INC.
SMITH, MOORE & CO.
SNC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CORP.
SNOWDEN ACCOUNT SERVICES, INC.
SOCIETE GENERALE AMERICAS SECS
SOMERSET SECURITIES, INC.
SORRENTO PACIFIC FINANCIAL, LLC
SORSBY FINANCIAL CORP.
SOURCE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
SOUTHEAST INVESTMENTS, N.C., INC.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC SECURITIES, INC.
SOUTHERN TRUST SECURITIES, INC.
SOUTHWEST SECURITIES, INC.
SOVEREIGN LEGACY SECURITIES, INC.
SPENCER EDWARDS, INC.
SPENCER-WINSTON SECURITIES CORPORATION
SPIRE SECURITIES, LLC
SPROTT GLOBAL RESOURCE INVESTMENTS
ST. BERNARD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ST. GERMAIN SECURITIES, INC.
STACEY BRAUN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
STANCORP EQUITIES, INC.
STANDARD INVESTMENT CHARTERED
STANNARD FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
STATETRUST INVESTMENTS INC.
STEELPOINT SECURITIES, LLC
STEPHEN A. KOHN & ASSOCIATES, LTD.
STEPHENS INC
STERLING MONROE SECURITIES, LLC
STERN FISHER EDWARDS INC
STERNE AGEE FINANCIAL SERVICES
STERNE, AGEE & LEACH, INC.
STIFEL, NICOLAUS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED
STOCKCROSS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
STONEWALL INVESTMENTS, INC.
SUCCESS TRADE SECURITIES, INC.
SUMMIT BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
SUMMIT EQUITIES, INC.
SUNBELT SECURITIES, INC.
SUN'S BROTHERS SECURITIES INC.
SUNSET FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SUNSTREET SECURITIES, LLC
SUNTRUST INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
SUPERIOR FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.



SWARTWOOD, HESSE INC.
SWBC INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
SWENEY CARTWRIGHT & COMPANY
SWS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SYCAMORE FINANCIAL GROUP
SYKES FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
SYMPHONIC SECURITIES LLC
SYNDICATED CAPITAL, INC.
SYNOVUS SECURITIES, INC.
T.R. WINSTON & COMPANY, LLC
T.S. PHILLIPS INVESTMENTS, INC.
TAG SECURITIES, INC.
TANDEM SECURITIES, INC.
TAYLOR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC
TCADVISORS NETWORK INC.
TCFG WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC
TD AMERITRADE CLEARING, INC.
TECKMEYER FINANCIAL SERVICES, L.L.C.
TFS SECURITIES, INC.
THE BAKER GROUP, LP
THE CAPITAL GROUP SECURITIES, INC.
THE GARBACZ GROUP INC.
THE GMS GROUP, LLC
THE HUNTINGTON INVESTMENT COMPANY
THE INVESTMENT CENTER, INC.
THE JEFFREY MATTHEWS FINANCIAL GROUP,
THE KELT GROUP, LLC
THE LEADERS GROUP, INC.
THE LOGAN GROUP SECURITIES
THE OAK RIDGE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP,
THE SECURITIES CENTER, INC.
THE STRATEGIC FINANCIAL ALLIANCE, INC.
THE TAVENNER COMPANY
THE WINDMILL GROUP, INC.
THE WINNING EDGE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
THOMPSON DAVIS & CO., INC.
THORNHILL SECURITIES, INC.
THORNTON FARISH INC.
THOROUGHBRED FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
THRIVENT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC.
THURSTON, SPRINGER, MILLER, HERD & TITAK
TIAA-CREF INDIVIDUAL & INSTITUTIONAL
TIMECAPITAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
TITAN SECURITIES
TLS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
TOCQUEVILLE SECURITIES L.P.
TOUCHSTONE SECURITIES, INC.
TRADE MANAGE CAPITAL, INC.
TRADE-PMR INC.
TRADERFIELD SECURITIES INC.
TRADESTATION SECURITIES, INC.



TRADITION ASIEL SECURITIES INC.
TRANSAM SECURITIES, INC.
TRANSAMERICA FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC
TREVOR, COLE, REID, & MONROE, INC.
TRG ADVISORS, INC.
TRIAD ADVISORS, INC.
TRICOR FINANCIAL, LLC
TRIDENT PARTNERS LTD.
TRUBEE, COLLINS & CO., INC.
TRUSTCORE INVESTMENTS, INC.
TRUSTFIRST INC.
TRUSTMONT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
U. S. BOSTON CAPITAL CORPORATION
U.S. BROKERAGE, INC.
U.S. INVESTORS, INC.
UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
UBS SECURITIES LLC
UHLMANN PRICE SECURITIES, LLC
UMB FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
UMPQUA INVESTMENTS, INC.
UNIFIED FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
UNION CAPITAL COMPANY
UNIONBANC INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
UNITED BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
UNITED PLANNERS' FINANCIAL SERVICES OF
UNIVEST INVESTMENTS, INC
UNIVEST SECURITIES, INC.
UPROMISE INVESTMENTS, INC.
USA FINANCIAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
USAA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY
USCA SECURITIES LLC
USI SECURITIES, INC.
V. M. MANNING & CO., INC.
VALIC FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
VALLEY NATIONAL INVESTMENTS, INC.
VALMARK SECURITIES, INC.
VALOR FINANCIAL SECURITIES LLC
VANDERBILT SECURITIES, LLC
VANGUARD CAPITAL
VANGUARD MARKETING CORPORATION
VARIABLE INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.
VAUGHAN AND COMPANY SECURITIES, INC.
VBC SECURITIES, LLC
VECTORGLOBAL WMG
VERITAS INDEPENTDENT PARTNERS, LLC
VERITY INVESTMENTS, INC.
VESTECH SECURITIES, INC.
VESTOR CAPITAL SECURITIES, LLC
VFINANCE INVESTMENTS, INC
VIEWTRADE SECURITIES, INC.
VINING SPARKS IBG LIMITED



VISION BROKERAGE SERVICES LLC
VISION FINANCIAL MARKETS LLC
VISUN SECURITIES CORPORATION
VORPAHL WING SECURITIES
VOYA FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC
VOYA FINANCIAL PARTNERS, LLC
VSR FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
W H COLSON SECURITIES
W&S BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
W.R. HAMBRECHT + CO., LLC
WADDELL & REED, INC.
WADSWORTH INVESTMENT CO., INC.
WALL STREET FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
WALL STREET STRATEGIES, INC.
WARD'S FINANCIAL SERVICES, LTD.
WARNER FINANCIAL INTERNATIONAL
WASHINGTON SECURITIES CORPORATION
WAVELAND CAPITAL PARTNERS LLC
WAYNE HUMMER INVESTMENTS L.L.C.
WBB SECURITIES, LLC
WEALTHSTONE EQUITIES, INC.
WEDBUSH SECURITIES INC.
WEITZEL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WELLER, ANDERSON & CO., LTD.
WELLFLEET INVESTMENTS LLC
WELLINGTON SHIELDS & CO., LLC
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES LLC
WESBANCO SECURITIES, INC.
WESCOM FINANCIAL SERVICES
WESTCHESTER CAPITAL PLANNING, INC.
WESTCO INVESTMENT CORP.
WESTERN EQUITY GROUP, INC.
WESTERN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
WESTERN GROWERS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WESTERN INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES, INC.
WESTFIELD INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
WESTMINSTER FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
WESTON SECURITIES CORPORATION
WESTPARK CAPITAL, INC.
WESTPORT CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
WESTPORT RESOURCES INVESTMENT SERVICES,
WESTROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
WFG INVESTMENTS, INC.
WHEELHOUSE SECURITIES CORPORATION
WHITE MOUNTAIN CAPITAL, LLC
WHITE, WELD & CO. SECURITIES, LLC
WHITEHALL-PARKER SECURITIES, INC.
WHITEWOOD GROUP, INC
WIC CORP.
WILBANKS SECURITIES, INC.
WILEY BROS.-AINTREE CAPITAL, LLC



WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY L.L.C.
WILLIAM C. BURNSIDE & COMPANY, INC.
WILLOW COVE INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
WILMINGTON CAPITAL SECURITIES, LLC
WILMINGTON TR RET AND INST SVC CO
WILSON STEPHENSON INCORPORATED
WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.
WINDHAM FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WINSLOW, EVANS & CROCKER, INC.
WISCONSIN DISCOUNT SECURITIES
WOLF A. POPPER, INC.
WOOD (ARTHUR W.) COMPANY, INC.
WOODBURY FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WOODLANDS SECURITIES CORPORATION
WOODMEN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WOODSTOCK FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
WORLD CAPITAL BROKERAGE, INC.
WORLD CHOICE SECURITIES, INC.
WORLD EQUITY GROUP, INC.
WORLD TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
WORLD TREND FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES,
WORTH FINANCIAL GROUP INC.
WRP INVESTMENTS, INC.
WULFF, HANSEN & CO.
WUNDERLICH SECURITIES, INC.
WWK INVESTMENTS, INC.
YORK SECURITIES, INC.
ZEUS SECURITIES, INC.
ZIONS DIRECT, INC.
ZIV INVESTMENT COMPANY

EX-99.E UNDR CONTR 20 a_nf54amod1.htm a_nf54amod1.htm
Schedule of Financial Institution Sales Contracts
ALLSTATE FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
ASSOCIATED TRUST COMPANY
BANCWEST INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BANK OF OKLAHOMA NA
BANKOH INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BB&T INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BBVA SECURITIES INC.
BENEFIT TRUST COMPANY
BMO HARRIS BANK N.A.
BNP PARIBAS NY BRANCH
BOSC, INC.
BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
CALDWELL TRUST COMPANY
CAPITAL BROKERAGE CORPORATION
CAPITAL ONE INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
CHASE INVESTMENT SERVICES CORP
CIRCLE TRUST COMPANY
CITIZENS FIRST SAVINGS BANK
CITY NATIONAL BANK
COMERICA BANK
COMMERCE BANK NA
COMMERCE BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
COMMUNITY BANK N. A.
DUBUQUE BANK & TRUST COMPANY
FIDUCIARY TRUST COMPANY
FIFTH THIRD SECURITIES, INC
FIMCO SECURITIES GROUP, INC
FINANCIAL SYNERGY, INC.
FIRNOM & CO
FIRST CITIZENS INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK
FIRST SOUTHWEST COMPANY
GLENMEDE TRUST COMPANY
GLOBAL TRUST COMPANY
GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.
HSBC SECURITIES (USA) INC.
HUNTINGTON TRUST COMPANY
INFINEX INVESTMENTS, INC.
INVEST FINANCIAL
INVESTMENT CENTERS OF AMERICA, INC.
INVESTORS BANK &
IRA SERVICES TRUST COMPANY
J.P. MORGAN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENTS
JP MORGAN CHASE BANK NA
KEY BANK
M&T SECURITIES, INC.
NATIONAL FINANCIAL
NAVY FEDERAL BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
NBC SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHERN TRUST SECURITIES, INC.

 


OLD NATIONAL BANK
PEOPLE'S SECURITIES, INC.
RELIANCE TRUST CO
ROCKLAND TRUST COMPANY
STANDARD INSURANCE COMPANY
SUNTRUST BANKS INC
TD AMERITRADE TRUST COMPANY
THE CATTLE NATIONAL BANK &
TRUST COMPANY OF AMERICA
U.S. BANCORP INVESTMENTS, INC
UMB BANK NA
UMB FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
US BANK NA
VOYA INSTITUTIONAL PLAN SERVICES LLC
WALL STREET ACCESS
WAYNE BANK
WELLS FARGO BANK NA
WELLS FARGO BANK/TRUST
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES LLC
WESTWOOD TRUST

 

EX-99.G CUST AGREEMT 21 a_ssbcustodianmod1.htm a_ssbcustodianmod1.htm
  11 
  EXECUTION COPY 
 
MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

This Agreement is made as of January 1, 2007 by and among each management investment company identified on Appendix A hereto, each such investment company acting on its own behalf separately from all of the other investment companies and not jointly or jointly and severally with any of the other investment companies (each such investment company and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.5 below shall hereinafter be referred to as a “Fund”), and STATE STREET BANK and TRUST COMPANY, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Custodian”).

WITNESSETH: 

WHEREAS, each Fund is authorized to issue common stock or shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”), and some Funds are authorized to issue Shares in separate series, with each such series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets, as more particularly identified on Appendix A hereto (each such series and each series made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.6 below shall hereinafter be referred to as a “Portfolio” with respect to that Fund, but for any Fund that does not have any separate series, then any reference to “Portfolio” is a reference to that Fund);

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

SECTION 1. EMPLOYMENT OF CUSTODIAN AND PROPERTY TO BE HELD BY IT

Each Fund hereby employs the Custodian as a custodian of assets of the Portfolios, including securities which the Fund, on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, desires to be held in places within the United States (“domestic securities”) and securities it desires to be held outside the United States (“foreign securities”). Each Fund, on behalf of its Portfolio(s), agrees to deliver to the Custodian all securities and cash of the Portfolios (other than any securities or cash of the Portfolios held by a futures commission merchant or commodity clearing organization pursuant to Rule 17f-6 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)), and all payments of income, payments of principal or capital distributions received by it with respect to all securities owned by the Portfolio(s) from time to time, and the cash consideration received by it for such Shares as may be issued or sold from time to time. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any property of a Portfolio held or received by the Portfolio but not delivered to the Custodian or which is delivered out in accordance with Proper Instructions or Special Instructions (as such terms are defined in Section 7 hereof). With respect to uncertificated shares (the “Underlying Shares”) of registered “investment companies” (as defined in Section 3(a)(1) of the 1940 Act) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “Underlying Portfolios”), whether in the same “group of investment companies” (as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the 1940 Act) or otherwise, the holding of confirmation statements that identify the shares as being recorded in the Custodian’s name on behalf of the Portfolios will be deemed custody for purposes hereof.



Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall on behalf of the applicable Portfolio(s) from time to time employ as its agent one or more sub-custodians located in the United States, but only in accordance with an applicable vote by the Board of Trustees or the Board of Directors of the Fund (as appropriate, and in each case, the “Board”) on behalf of the applicable Portfolio(s). The Custodian may place and maintain each Fund’s foreign securities with Eligible Foreign Custodians employed by the Custodian and/or Foreign Securities Systems, all as designated in Schedules A and B hereto, but only in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 3 and 4 hereof.

SECTION 2. DUTIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY OF THE PORTFOLIOS TO BE HELD IN THE UNITED STATES

SECTION 2.1 HOLDING SECURITIES. The Custodian shall hold and physically segregate for the account of each Portfolio all non-cash property to be held by it in the United States, including all domestic securities owned by such Portfolio other than (a) securities which are maintained pursuant to Section 2.8 in a clearing agency which acts as a securities depository or in a book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (each, a “U.S. Securities System”) and (b) Underlying Shares owned by each Fund on behalf of a Portfolio which are maintained pursuant to Section 2.10 hereof in an account with State Street Bank and Trust Company or such other entity which may from time to time act as a transfer agent for the Underlying Portfolios and with respect to which the Custodian is provided with Proper Instructions (the “Underlying Transfer Agent”).

SECTION 2.2 DELIVERY OF SECURITIES. The Custodian shall release and deliver domestic securities owned by a Portfolio held by the Custodian, whether held by the Custodian, in a U.S. Securities System account of the Custodian or in an account at the Underlying Transfer Agent, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, and only in the following cases:

1) Upon sale of such securities for the account of the Portfolio and receipt of payment therefor;

2) Upon the receipt of payment in connection with any repurchase agreement related to such securities entered into by the Portfolio;

3) In the case of a sale effected through a U.S. Securities System, in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.8 hereof;

4) To the depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for securities of the Portfolio;

5) To the issuer thereof or its agent when such securities are called, redeemed, retired or otherwise become payable; provided that, in any such case, the cash or other consideration is to be delivered to the Custodian;

6) To the issuer thereof, or its agent, for transfer into the name of the Portfolio or into the name of any nominee or nominees of the Custodian or into the name or nominee name of any agent appointed pursuant to Section 2.7 or into the name or nominee name of any sub-custodian appointed pursuant to Section 1; or for exchange for a

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different number of bonds, certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units; provided that, in any such case, the new securities are to be delivered to the Custodian;

7) Upon the sale of such securities for the account of the Portfolio, to the broker or its clearing agent, against a receipt, for examination in accordance with “street delivery” custom; provided that in any such case, the Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such securities prior to receiving payment for such securities except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct;

8) For exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the securities of the issuer of such securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement; provided that, in any such case, the new securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian;

9) In the case of warrants, rights or similar securities, the surrender thereof in the exercise of such warrants, rights or similar securities or the surrender of interim receipts or temporary securities for definitive securities; provided that, in any such case, the new securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian;

10) For delivery in connection with any loans of securities made by the Portfolio (a) against receipt of collateral as agreed from time to time by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, except that in connection with any loans for which collateral is to be credited to the Custodian’s account in the book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Custodian will not be held liable or responsible for the delivery of securities owned by the Portfolio prior to the receipt of such collateral or (b) to the lending agent, or the lending agent’s custodian, in accordance with written Proper Instructions (which may but need not provide for the receipt by the Custodian of collateral therefor) agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Fund;

11) For delivery as security in connection with any borrowing by a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio requiring a pledge of assets by the Fund on behalf of such Portfolio but only against receipt of amounts borrowed;

12) For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian and a broker-dealer that is both registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and a member of The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the “NASD”), relating to compliance with the rules of The Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange, or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund on behalf of a Portfolio;

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13) For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian, and a futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act, relating to compliance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and/or any contract market, or any similar organization or organizations, regarding account deposits in connection with transactions by the Fund on behalf of a Portfolio;

14) Upon the sale or other delivery of such investments, including, without limitation, to one or more (a) additional custodians appointed by the Fund, and communicated to the Custodian from time to time via a writing duly executed by an authorized officer of the Fund, for the purpose of engaging in repurchase agreement transactions(s), (each a “Repo Custodian”), or (b) Special Sub-Custodians, and prior to receipt of payment therefor, as set forth in written Proper Instructions (such delivery in advance of payment, along with payment in advance of delivery made in accordance with Section 2.6(7), as applicable, shall each be referred to herein as a “Free Trade”), provided that such Proper Instructions shall set forth (a) the securities of the Portfolio to be delivered and (b) the person(s) to whom delivery of such securities shall be made;

15) Upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Fund or the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) for delivery to such Transfer Agent or to the holders of Shares in connection with payments in kind, as may be described from time to time in the currently effective prospectus and statement of additional information of the Fund related to the Portfolio (the “Prospectus”), in satisfaction of requests by holders of Shares for repurchase or redemption;

16) In the case of a sale processed through the Underlying Transfer Agent of Underlying Shares, in accordance with Section 2.10 hereof;

17) For delivery as initial or variation margin in connection with futures or options on futures contracts entered into by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio; and

18) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Fund on behalf of the applicable Portfolio specifying (a) the securities of the Portfolio to be delivered and (b) the person or persons to whom delivery of such securities shall be made.

SECTION 2.3 REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES. Domestic securities held by the Custodian (other than bearer securities) shall be registered by the Custodian in the name of the Portfolio or in the name of any nominee of a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio or in the name of any nominee of the Custodian which nominee shall be assigned exclusively to the Portfolio, unless the Fund has authorized in writing the appointment of a nominee to be used in common with other registered management investment companies having the same investment adviser as the Portfolio, or in the name or nominee name of any agent appointed pursuant to Section 2.7 or in the name or nominee name of any sub-custodian appointed pursuant to Section 1. All securities accepted by the Custodian on behalf of the Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement shall be in “street name” or other good delivery form. If, however, a Fund directs the Custodian to maintain securities in “street name”, the

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Custodian shall utilize its best efforts only to timely collect income due the Fund on such securities and to notify the Fund on a best efforts basis only of relevant corporate actions including, without limitation, pendency of calls, maturities, tender or exchange offers.

SECTION 2.4 BANK ACCOUNTS. The Custodian shall open and maintain a separate bank account or accounts in the United States in the name of each Portfolio of each Fund, subject only to draft or order by the Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall hold in such account or accounts, subject to the provisions hereof, all cash received by it from or for the account of the Portfolio, other than cash maintained by the Portfolio in a bank account established and used in accordance with Rule 17f-3 under the 1940 Act. Cash held by the Custodian for a Portfolio may be deposited by it to its credit as Custodian in the banking department of the Custodian or in such other banks or trust companies as it may in its reasonable discretion deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that every such bank or trust company shall be qualified to act as a custodian under the 1940 Act and that each such bank or trust company and the funds to be deposited therewith shall on behalf of each applicable Portfolio be approved by vote of a majority of the Board. Such cash shall be deposited by the Custodian only in its capacity as Custodian and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian only in that capacity.

SECTION 2.5 COLLECTION OF INCOME. Except with respect to Portfolio property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14) or purchased and not held pursuant to Section 2.6(7), and subject to the provisions of Section 2.3, the Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to (a) registered domestic securities held hereunder to which each Portfolio shall be entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business if, on the record date for payment by the issuer, such securities are held hereunder, and (b) bearer domestic securities if, on the date of payment by the issuer, such securities are held by the Custodian or its agent, and, with respect to (a) and (b) above, shall credit such income, on the designated settlement date, as predetermined income, to such Portfolio’s custodian account. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Custodian shall detach and present for payment all coupons and other income items requiring presentation as and when they become due and shall collect interest when due on securities held hereunder. Income due each Portfolio on securities loaned pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.2 (10) shall be the responsibility of the applicable Fund. The Custodian will have no duty or responsibility in connection therewith, other than to provide the Fund with such information or data as may be necessary to assist the Fund in arranging for the timely delivery to the Custodian of the income to which the Portfolio is properly entitled. The Fund, or its duly authorized investment manager, shall instruct the Custodian regarding all Fund or investment manager determinations that a portfolio security has been deemed worthless by such Fund.

SECTION 2.6 PAYMENT OF FUND MONIES. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, the Custodian shall pay out monies of a Portfolio in the following cases only:

1) Upon the purchase of domestic securities, options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts for the account of the Portfolio but only (a) against the delivery of such securities or evidence of title to such options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts to the Custodian (or any bank, banking firm or trust company doing business in the United States or abroad which is qualified under the 1940 Act to act as a custodian and has been designated by the Custodian as its agent for this purpose)

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registered in the name of the Portfolio or in the name of a nominee of the Custodian pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof or in proper form for transfer; (b) in the case of a purchase effected through a U.S. Securities System, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.8 hereof; (c) in the case of a purchase of Underlying Shares, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.10 hereof; (d) in the case of repurchase agreements entered into between the applicable Fund on behalf of a Portfolio and the Custodian, or another bank, or a broker-dealer which is a member of NASD, (i) against delivery of the securities either in certificate form or through an entry crediting the Custodian’s account at the Federal Reserve Bank with such securities or (ii) against delivery of the receipt evidencing purchase by the Portfolio of securities owned by the Custodian, or another bank, or a broker-dealer which is a member of NASD along with written evidence of the agreement by the Custodian, or another bank, or a broker-dealer which is a member of NASD to repurchase such securities from the Portfolio; or (e) for transfer to a time deposit account of the Fund in any bank, whether domestic or foreign; such transfer may be effected prior to receipt of a confirmation from a broker and/or the applicable bank pursuant to Proper Instructions from the Fund;

2) In connection with conversion, exchange or surrender of securities owned by the Portfolio as set forth in Section 2.2 hereof;

3) For the redemption or repurchase of Shares issued as set forth in Section 6 hereof;

4) For the payment of any expense or liability incurred by the Portfolio, including but not limited to the following payments for the account of the Portfolio: interest, taxes, management, accounting, audit, transfer agent and legal fees, and operating expenses of the Fund whether or not such expenses are to be in whole or part capitalized or treated as deferred expenses;

5) For the payment of any dividends on Shares declared pursuant to the Fund’s articles of incorporation or organization and by-laws or agreement or declaration of trust, as applicable, and Prospectus (collectively, “Governing Documents”);

6) For payment of the amount of dividends received in respect of securities sold short;

7) Upon the purchase of domestic investments including, without limitation, repurchase agreement transactions involving delivery of Portfolio monies to Repo Custodian(s), and prior to receipt of such investments, as set forth in written Proper Instructions (such payment in advance of delivery, along with delivery in advance of payment made in accordance with Section 2.2(14), as applicable, shall each be referred to herein as a “Free Trade”), provided that such Proper Instructions shall also set forth (a) the amount of such payment and (b) the person(s) to whom such payment is made;

8) For payment as initial or variation margin in connection with futures or options on futures contracts entered into by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio; and

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9) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio specifying (a) the amount of such payment and (b) the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made.

SECTION 2.7 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint (and may at any time remove) one or more of its wholly-owned subsidiaries which is a bank or trust company and which is itself qualified under the 1940 Act to act as a custodian, as its agent to carry out such of the provisions of this Section 2 as the Custodian may from time to time direct; provided, however, that the appointment of any agent shall not relieve the Custodian of its responsibilities or liabilities hereunder. No Underlying Transfer Agent acting as such shall be deemed an agent or sub-custodian of the Custodian for purposes of this Section 2.7 or any other provision of this Agreement.

SECTION 2.8 DEPOSIT OF FUND ASSETS IN U.S. SECURITIES SYSTEMS. The Custodian may deposit and/or maintain securities owned by a Portfolio in a U.S. Securities System in compliance with the conditions of Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time.

SECTION 2.9 SEGREGATED ACCOUNT. The Custodian shall upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of each such Portfolio, into which account or accounts may be transferred cash and/or securities, including securities maintained in an account by the Custodian pursuant to Section 2.8 hereof, (a) in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the Exchange Act and a member of the NASD (or any futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act), relating to compliance with the rules of The Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange (or the CFTC or any registered contract market), or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Portfolio, (b) for purposes of segregating cash or government securities in connection with swap arrangements of the Portfolio, options purchased, sold or written by the Portfolio or commodity futures contracts or options thereon purchased or sold by the Portfolio, (c) for the purposes of compliance by the Portfolio with the procedures required by Investment Company Act Release No. 10666, or any subsequent release of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or interpretative opinion of the staff of the SEC, relating to the maintenance of segregated accounts by registered investment companies, and (d) for any other purpose in accordance with Proper Instructions.

SECTION 2.10 DEPOSIT OF FUND ASSETS WITH THE UNDERLYING TRANSFER AGENT. Underlying Shares beneficially owned by the Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, shall be deposited and/or maintained in an account or accounts maintained with an Underlying Transfer Agent and the Custodian’s only responsibilities with respect thereto shall be limited to the following:

1) Upon receipt of a confirmation or statement from an Underlying Transfer Agent (copies of which the Custodian will maintain as may be required by Section 11 of this Agreement) that such Underlying Transfer Agent is holding or maintaining Underlying Shares in the name of the Custodian (or a nominee of the Custodian) for the benefit of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall identify by book-entry that such Underlying Shares are being held by it as custodian for the benefit of the Portfolio.

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2) In respect of the purchase of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall pay out monies of such Portfolio as so directed, and record such payment from the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

3) In respect of the sale or redemption of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall transfer such Underlying Shares as so directed, record such transfer from the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records and, upon the Custodian’s receipt of the proceeds therefor, record such payment for the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

The Custodian shall not be liable to the Fund for any loss or damage to the Fund or any Portfolio resulting from the maintenance of Underlying Shares with an Underlying Transfer Agent except for losses to the extent resulting from (i) the fraud, negligence, or willful misconduct of the Custodian or any of its agents or of any of its or their employees, (ii) violation of law applicable to the Custodian in its capacity as a custodian and that affects the Custodian’s performance of the Services hereunder, or (iii) material breach of this Agreement by the Custodian (provided, however, that the Custodian shall have the opportunity to cure, within thirty (30) days of its receipt of written notice from the Fund, solely those breaches capable of cure without material adverse impact to the Fund, provided, in each such instance where the Custodian is aware of an event related to such notice, the Custodian had previously informed the Fund promptly of such event; any such communication from the Custodian to the Fund shall not be used as or considered as an admission of fault and will be provided solely as an accommodation to the Fund).

SECTION 2.11 OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATES FOR TAX PURPOSES. The Custodian shall execute ownership and other certificates and affidavits for all federal and state tax purposes in connection with receipt of income or other payments with respect to domestic securities of each Portfolio held by it and in connection with transfers of securities.

SECTION 2.12 PROXIES. Except with respect to Portfolio property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14), or purchased and not held pursuant to Section 2.6(7), the Custodian shall, with respect to the domestic securities held hereunder, cause to be promptly executed by the registered holder of such securities, if the securities are registered otherwise than in the name of the Portfolio or a nominee of the Portfolio, all proxies, without indication of the manner in which such proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund or its duly authorized agent all proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to such securities.

SECTION 2.13 COMMUNICATIONS RELATING TO PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. Except with respect to Portfolio property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14), or purchased and not held pursuant to Section 2.6(7), and subject to the provisions of Section 2.3, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund for each Portfolio all written information (including, without limitation, pendency of calls and maturities of domestic securities and expirations of rights in connection therewith and notices of exercise of call and put options written by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio and the maturity of futures contracts purchased or sold by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio) received by the custodian from issuers of the securities being held for the Portfolio. With respect to voluntary corporate actions such as tender or exchange

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offers, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities whose tender or exchange or other action is sought and from the party (or its agents) making the tender or exchange offer or other action. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the applicable Fund for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian regarding any class action or other litigation in connection with Portfolio securities or other assets issued in the United States and then held, or previously held, during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian for the account of the Fund for such Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with domestic securities or other property of the Portfolios at any time held by it unless (i) the Custodian is in actual possession of such domestic securities or property and (ii) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of any such right or power, and both (i) and (ii) occur prior to such deadline established by the Custodian in its reasonable discretion as will give the Custodian sufficient time to take such action, which deadline shall in no event be longer than three (3) business days. The Custodian shall inform the Fund of pertinent deadlines in each case. For avoidance of doubt, upon and after the effective date of any termination of this Agreement, with respect to a Fund or its Portfolio(s), as may be applicable, the Custodian shall have no responsibility to so transmit any information under this Section 2.13.

SECTION 3. PROVISIONS RELATING TO RULES 17F-5 AND 17F-7

SECTION 3.1. DEFINITIONS. As used throughout this Agreement, the capitalized terms set forth below shall have the indicated meanings:

Country Risk” means all factors reasonably related to the systemic risk of holding Foreign Assets in a particular country including, but not limited to, such country’s political environment, economic and financial infrastructure (including any Eligible Securities Depository operating in the country), prevailing or developing custody and settlement practices, and laws and regulations applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Foreign Assets held in custody in that country.

Eligible Foreign Custodian” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(1) of Rule 17f-5, including a majority-owned or indirect subsidiary of a U.S. Bank (as defined in Rule 17f-5), a bank holding company meeting the requirements of an Eligible Foreign Custodian (as set forth in Rule 17f-5 or by other appropriate action of the SEC), or a foreign branch of a Bank (as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act) meeting the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act; the term does not include any Eligible Securities Depository.

Eligible Securities Depository” has the meaning set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.

Foreign Assets” means any of the Portfolios’ investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States and such cash and cash equivalents as are reasonably necessary to effect the Portfolios’ transactions in such investments.

Foreign Custody Manager” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(3) of Rule 17f-5.

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Rule 17f-5” means Rule 17f-5 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

Rule 17f-7” means Rule 17f-7 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

SECTION 3.2. THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER.

3.2.1 DELEGATION TO THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER. Each Fund, by resolution adopted by its Board, hereby delegates to the Custodian, subject to Section (b) of Rule 17f-5, the responsibilities set forth in this Section 3.2 with respect to Foreign Assets of the Portfolios held outside the United States, and the Custodian hereby accepts such delegation as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the Portfolios.

3.2.2 COUNTRIES COVERED. The Foreign Custody Manager shall be responsible for performing the delegated responsibilities defined below only with respect to the countries and custody arrangements for each such country listed on Schedule A to this Agreement, which list of countries may be amended from time to time by any Fund with the agreement of the Foreign Custody Manager. The Foreign Custody Manager shall list on Schedule A the Eligible Foreign Custodians selected by the Foreign Custody Manager to maintain the assets of the Portfolios, which list of Eligible Foreign Custodians may be amended from time to time in the sole discretion of the Foreign Custody Manager. The Foreign Custody Manager will provide amended versions of Schedule A in accordance with Section 3.2.5 hereof.

Upon the receipt by the Foreign Custody Manager of Proper Instructions to open an account or to place or maintain Foreign Assets in a country listed on Schedule A, and the fulfillment by each Fund, on behalf of the applicable Portfolio(s), of the applicable account opening requirements for such country, the Foreign Custody Manager shall be deemed to have been delegated by such Fund’s Board on behalf of such Portfolio(s) responsibility as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to that country and to have accepted such delegation. Execution of this Agreement by each Fund shall be deemed to be a Proper Instruction authorizing the Foreign Custody Manager to open an account, or to place or maintain Foreign Assets, with the Eligible Foreign Custodians identified in each country as listed on Schedule A, as required by each Portfolio from time to time. Following the receipt of Proper Instructions directing the Foreign Custody Manager to close the account of a Portfolio with the Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in a designated country, the delegation by the Board on behalf of such Portfolio to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager for that country shall be deemed to have been withdrawn and the Custodian shall immediately cease to be the Foreign Custody Manager with respect to such Portfolio with respect to that country.

The Foreign Custody Manager may withdraw its acceptance of delegated responsibilities with respect to a designated country upon written notice to the Fund. Thirty days (or such longer period to which the parties agree in writing) after receipt of any such notice by the Fund, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Fund with respect to the country as to which the Custodian’s acceptance of delegation is withdrawn.

3.2.3 SCOPE OF DELEGATED RESPONSIBILITIES:

(a) SELECTION OF ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIANS. Subject to the provisions of this Section 3.2, the Foreign Custody Manager may place and maintain the Foreign Assets in the care of

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the Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager for each appropriate country as is listed on Schedule A, as amended from time to time. In performing its delegated responsibilities as Foreign Custody Manager to place or maintain Foreign Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that the Foreign Assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market in which the Foreign Assets will be held by that Eligible Foreign Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1).

(b) CONTRACTS WITH ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIANS. The Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that the contract governing the foreign custody arrangements with each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager will satisfy the requirements of Rule 17f-5(c)(2).

(c) MONITORING. In each case in which the Foreign Custody Manager maintains Foreign Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager, the Foreign Custody Manager shall establish a system to monitor (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Foreign Assets with such Eligible Foreign Custodian and (ii) performance of the contract governing the custody arrangements established by the Foreign Custody Manager with the Eligible Foreign Custodian. In the event the Foreign Custody Manager determines that the custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian it has selected are no longer appropriate, the Foreign Custody Manager shall reasonably promptly notify the Board in accordance with Section 3.2.5 hereunder.

3.2.4 GUIDELINES FOR THE EXERCISE OF DELEGATED AUTHORITY. For purposes of this Section 3.2, the Board, or at the Board’s delegation, a Fund’s investment adviser, shall be deemed to have considered and determined to accept, on behalf of the Fund, such Country Risk as is incurred by placing and maintaining the Foreign Assets in each country for which the Custodian is serving as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios.

3.2.5 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. The Foreign Custody Manager shall report the withdrawal of the Foreign Assets from an Eligible Foreign Custodian and the placement of such Foreign Assets with another Eligible Foreign Custodian by providing to the Board an amended Schedule A at the end of each calendar quarter in which an amendment to such Schedule has occurred. The Foreign Custody Manager shall make written reports notifying the Board of any other material change in the foreign custody arrangements of the Portfolios described in this Section 3.2 reasonably promptly after the occurrence of the material change.

3.2.6 STANDARD OF CARE AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER OF A PORTFOLIO. In performing the responsibilities delegated to it, the Foreign Custody Manager agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of assets of management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act would exercise.

3.2.7 REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO RULE 17F-5. The Foreign Custody Manager represents to each Fund that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5. Each Fund represents to the Custodian that its Board has determined that it is reasonable for such Board to rely on the Custodian to perform the responsibilities delegated pursuant to this Agreement to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios.

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3.2.8 EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERMINATION OF THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER. Each Board’s delegation to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios shall be effective as of the date hereof and shall remain in effect until terminated at any time, without penalty, by written notice from the terminating party to the non-terminating party. Termination will become effective thirty (30) days after receipt by the non-terminating party of such notice. The provisions of Section 3.2.2 hereof shall govern the delegation to and termination of the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios with respect to designated countries.

SECTION 3.3 ELIGIBLE SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES.

3.3.1 ANALYSIS AND MONITORING. The Custodian shall (a) provide the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) with an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the Eligible Securities Depositories set forth on Schedule B hereto in accordance with section (a)(1)(i)(A) of Rule 17f-7, and (b) monitor such risks on a continuing basis, and promptly notify the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) of any material change in such risks, in accordance with section (a)(1)(i)(B) of Rule 17f-7.

3.3.2 STANDARD OF CARE. The Custodian agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing the duties set forth in Section 3.3.1.

SECTION 4. DUTIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY OF THE PORTFOLIOS TO BE HELD OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES

SECTION 4.1 DEFINITIONS. As used throughout this Agreement, the capitalized terms set forth below shall have the indicated meanings:

Foreign Securities System” means an Eligible Securities Depository listed on Schedule B hereto.

Foreign Sub-Custodian” means a foreign banking institution serving as an Eligible Foreign Custodian.

SECTION 4.2. HOLDING SECURITIES. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the Portfolios the foreign securities held by each Foreign Sub-Custodian or Foreign Securities System. The Custodian may hold foreign securities for all of its customers, including the Portfolios, with any Foreign Sub-Custodian in an account that is identified as belonging to the Custodian for the benefit of its customers, provided however, that (i) the records of the Custodian with respect to foreign securities of the Portfolios which are maintained in such account shall identify those securities as belonging to the Portfolios and (ii), to the extent permitted and customary in the market in which the account is maintained, the Custodian shall require that securities so held by the Foreign Sub-Custodian be held separately from any assets of such Foreign Sub-Custodian or of other customers of such Foreign Sub-Custodian.

SECTION 4.3. FOREIGN SECURITIES SYSTEMS. Foreign securities shall be maintained in a Foreign Securities System in a designated country through arrangements implemented by the Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian, as applicable, in such country.

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SECTION 4.4. TRANSACTIONS IN FOREIGN CUSTODY ACCOUNT.

4.4.1. DELIVERY OF FOREIGN ASSETS. The Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall release and deliver foreign securities of the Portfolios held by the Custodian or such Foreign Sub-Custodian, or in a Foreign Securities System account, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, and only in the following cases:

(i) Upon the sale of such foreign securities for the Portfolio in accordance with commercially reasonable market practice in the country where such foreign securities are held or traded, including, without limitation: (A) delivery against expectation of receiving later payment; or (B) in the case of a sale effected through a Foreign Securities System, in accordance with the rules governing the operation of the Foreign Securities System;

(ii) In connection with any repurchase agreement related to foreign securities;

(iii) To the depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for foreign securities of the Portfolios;

(iv) To the issuer thereof or its agent when such foreign securities are called, redeemed, retired or otherwise become payable;

(v) To the issuer thereof, or its agent, for transfer into the name of the Custodian (or the name of the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian or of any nominee of the Custodian or such Foreign Sub-Custodian) or for exchange for a different number of bonds, certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units;

(vi) To brokers, clearing banks or other clearing agents for examination or trade execution in accordance with market custom; provided that in any such case, the Foreign Sub-Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such foreign securities prior to receiving payment for such foreign securities except as may arise from the Foreign Sub-Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct;

(vii) For exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the securities of the issuer of such securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement;

(viii) In the case of warrants, rights or similar foreign securities, the surrender thereof in the exercise of such warrants, rights or similar securities or the surrender of interim receipts or temporary securities for definitive securities;

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(ix) For delivery as security in connection with any borrowing by a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio requiring a pledge of assets by the Fund on behalf of such Portfolio;

(x) In connection with trading in options and futures contracts, including delivery as original margin and variation margin;

(xi) Upon the sale or other delivery of such foreign securities (including, without limitation, to one or more Special Sub-Custodians or Repo Custodians) as a Free Trade, provided that applicable Proper Instructions shall set forth (A) the foreign securities to be delivered and (B) the person or persons to whom delivery shall be made;

(xii) In connection with the lending of foreign securities; and

(xiii) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying (A) the foreign securities to be delivered and (B) the person or persons to whom delivery of such securities shall be made.

4.4.2. PAYMENT OF PORTFOLIO MONIES. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, the Custodian shall pay out, or direct the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian or the respective Foreign Securities System to pay out, monies of a Portfolio in the following cases only:

(i) Upon the purchase of foreign securities for the Portfolio in accordance with commercially reasonable market practice in the country where such foreign securities are held or traded, unless otherwise directed by Proper Instructions, by (A) delivering money to the seller thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such seller or dealer) against expectation of receiving later delivery of such foreign securities; or (B) in the case of a purchase effected through a Foreign Securities System, in accordance with the rules governing the operation of such Foreign Securities System;

(ii) In connection with the conversion, exchange or surrender of foreign securities of the Portfolio;

(iii) For the payment of any expense or liability of the Portfolio, including but not limited to the following payments: interest, taxes, investment advisory fees, transfer agency fees, fees under this Agreement, legal fees, audit or accounting fees, and other operating expenses;

(iv) For the purchase or sale of foreign exchange or foreign exchange contracts for the Portfolio, including transactions executed with or through the Custodian or its Foreign Sub-Custodians;

(v) In connection with trading in options and futures contracts, including delivery as original margin and variation margin;

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(vi) Upon the purchase of foreign investments including, without limitation, repurchase agreement transactions involving delivery of Portfolio monies to Repo Custodian(s), as a Free Trade, provided that applicable Proper Instructions shall set forth (A) the amount of such payment and (B) the person or persons to whom payment shall be made;

(vii) For payment of part or all of the dividends received in respect of securities sold short;

(viii) In connection with the borrowing or lending of foreign securities; and

(ix) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying (A) the amount of such payment and (B) the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made.

4.4.3. MARKET CUSTOMS. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, settlement and payment for Foreign Assets received for the account of the Portfolios and delivery of Foreign Assets maintained for the account of the Portfolios may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or processing practices and procedures in the country or market in which the transaction occurs, including, without limitation, delivering Foreign Assets to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) with the expectation of receiving later payment for such Foreign Assets from such purchaser or dealer.

The Custodian shall provide to each Board the information with respect to custody and settlement practices in countries in which the Custodian employs a Foreign Sub-Custodian described on Schedule C hereto at the time or times set forth on such Schedule. The Custodian may revise Schedule C from time to time, provided that no such revision shall result in a Board being provided with substantively less information than had been previously provided hereunder.

SECTION 4.5. REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. The foreign securities maintained in the custody of a Foreign Sub-Custodian (other than bearer securities) shall be registered by the Custodian or the Foreign Sub-Custodian in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Foreign Sub-Custodian or in the name of any nominee of the foregoing. The Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall not be obligated to accept securities on behalf of a Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement unless the form of such securities and the manner in which they are delivered are in accordance with reasonable market practice.

SECTION 4.6 BANK ACCOUNTS. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the applicable Fund on behalf of a Portfolio cash (including cash denominated in foreign currencies) deposited with the Custodian. Cash maintained on the books of the Custodian (including its branches, subsidiaries and affiliates), regardless of currency denomination, is maintained in bank accounts established under, and subject to the laws of, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Where the Custodian is unable to maintain, or market practice does not readily allow the maintenance of, cash on the books of the Custodian, a bank account or bank accounts shall be opened and maintained outside the United States on behalf of the Portfolio with a Foreign Sub-Custodian. All accounts referred to in this section shall be subject only to draft or order by the

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Custodian (or, if applicable, such Foreign Sub-Custodian) acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to hold cash received by or from or for the account of the Portfolio.

SECTION 4.7. COLLECTION OF INCOME. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to the Foreign Assets held hereunder to which the Portfolios shall be entitled and shall credit such income, as collected, to the applicable Portfolio. In the event that extraordinary measures are required to collect such income, the Fund and the Custodian shall consult as to such measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures.

SECTION 4.8 SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS. With respect to the foreign securities held pursuant to this Section 4, the Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder rights, subject always to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where such securities are issued, which facilitation efforts may include endeavoring to (a) cause to be executed by the registered holder of such foreign securities (if such securities are registered otherwise than in the name of the Portfolio or a nominee of the Portfolio), all proxies, without indication of the manner in which such proxies are to be voted, and (b) deliver to the Fund or its agents all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to such securities. Each Fund acknowledges that local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of such Fund to exercise shareholder rights.

SECTION 4.9. COMMUNICATIONS RELATING TO FOREIGN SECURITIES. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials received by the Custodian via the Foreign Sub-Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities being held for the account of the Portfolios (including, without limitation, pendency of calls and maturities of foreign securities and expirations of rights in connection therewith). With respect to voluntary corporate actions such as tender or exchange offers, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials so received by the Custodian from issuers of the foreign securities whose tender or exchange or other action is sought or from the party (or its agents) making the tender or exchange offer or other action. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the applicable Fund all written information received by the Custodian via the Foreign Sub-Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities being held for the account of the Portfolios regarding any class action or other litigation in connection with Portfolio foreign securities or other assets issued outside the United States and then held, or previously held, during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian via a Foreign Sub-Custodian for the account of the Fund for such Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with foreign securities or other property of the Portfolios at any time held by it unless (i) the Custodian or the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian is in actual possession of such foreign securities or property and (ii) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of any such right or power, and both (i) and (ii) occur prior to such deadline established by the Custodian in its reasonable discretion as will give the Custodian (including any Foreign Sub-Custodian) sufficient time to take such action, which deadline shall in no event be longer than three (3) business days. The Custodian shall inform the Fund of pertinent deadlines in each case. For avoidance of doubt, upon and after the effective date of any termination of this Agreement, with

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respect to a Fund or its Portfolio(s), as may be applicable, the Custodian shall have no responsibility to so transmit any information under this Section 4.9.

SECTION 4.10. LIABILITY OF FOREIGN SUB-CUSTODIANS. Each agreement pursuant to which the Custodian employs a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall, to the extent possible, require the Foreign Sub-Custodian to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties, and to indemnify, and hold harmless, the Custodian from and against any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim arising out of or in connection with the Foreign Sub-Custodian’s performance of such obligations. At a Fund’s election, its Portfolios shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against a Foreign Sub-Custodian as a consequence of any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim if and to the extent that the Portfolios have not been made whole for any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim.

SECTION 4.11 TAX LAW. The Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any obligations now or hereafter imposed on any Fund, the Portfolios or the Custodian as custodian of the Portfolios by the tax law of the United States or of any state or political subdivision thereof. It shall be the responsibility of each Fund to notify the Custodian of the obligations imposed on such Fund with respect to the Portfolios or the Custodian as custodian of the Portfolios by the tax law of countries other than those mentioned in the above sentence, including responsibility for withholding and other taxes, assessments or other governmental charges, certifications and governmental reporting. The sole responsibilities of the Custodian with regard to such tax law shall be to use reasonable efforts to effect the withholding of local taxes and related charges with regard to market entitlement/payment in accordance with local law and subject to local market practice or custom and to assist the Fund with respect to any claim for exemption or refund under the tax law of countries for which such Fund has provided such information. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement or otherwise agreed to in writing by the Custodian, the Custodian shall have no independent obligation to determine the tax obligations now or hereafter imposed on any of the Funds by any taxing authority or to obtain or provide information relating thereto, and shall have no obligation or liability with respect to such tax obligations, it being specifically understood and agreed that the Custodian shall not thereby or otherwise be considered any Fund’s tax advisor or tax counsel.

SECTION 5. SPECIAL SUB-CUSTODIANS

Upon receipt of Special Instructions (as such term is defined in Section 7 hereof), the Custodian shall, on behalf of one or more Portfolios, appoint one or more banks, trust companies or other entities designated in such Special Instructions to act as a sub-custodian for the purposes of effecting such transaction(s) as may be designated by a Fund in Special Instructions. Each such designated sub-custodian is referred to herein as a “Special Sub-Custodian.” Each such duly appointed Special Sub-Custodian shall be listed on Schedule D hereto, as it may be amended from time to time by a Fund, with the acknowledgment of the Custodian. In connection with the appointment of any Special Sub-Custodian, and in accordance with Special Instructions, the Custodian shall enter into a sub-custodian agreement with the Fund and the Special Sub-Custodian in form and substance approved by such Fund, provided that such agreement shall in all events comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

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SECTION 6. PAYMENTS FOR SALES OR REPURCHASES OR REDEMPTIONS OF SHARES

The Custodian shall receive from the distributor of the Shares or from the Transfer Agent and deposit into the account of the appropriate Portfolio such payments as are received for Shares thereof issued or sold from time to time by the applicable Fund. The Custodian will provide timely notification to such Fund on behalf of each such Portfolio and the Transfer Agent of any receipt by it of payments for Shares of such Portfolio.

From such funds as may be available for the purpose, the Custodian shall, upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, make funds available for payment to holders of Shares who have delivered to the Transfer Agent a request for redemption or repurchase of their Shares. In connection with the redemption or repurchase of Shares, the Custodian is authorized upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent to wire funds to or through a commercial bank designated by the redeeming shareholders. In connection with the redemption or repurchase of Shares, the Custodian shall honor checks drawn on the Custodian by a holder of Shares, which checks have been furnished by a Fund to the holder of Shares, when presented to the Custodian in accordance with such procedures and controls as are mutually agreed upon from time to time between such Fund and the Custodian.

SECTION 6A. INVESTMENT ADMINISTRATION SERVICES

Custodian shall provide Investment Administration Services to the Funds pursuant to the terms and conditions of the attached Investment Administration Services Addendum.

SECTION 7. PROPER INSTRUCTIONS AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Proper Instructions,which may be standing instructions, shall mean instructions received by the Custodian from a Fund or a person or entity duly authorized by the Fund. Such instructions may be in writing signed by the authorized person or persons or may be in a tested communication or in a communication utilizing access codes effected between electro-mechanical or electronic devices or may be by such other means and utilizing such intermediary systems and utilities as may be agreed from time to time by the Custodian and the person(s) or entity giving such instruction, provided that such person(s) or entity has followed any security procedures agreed to from time to time by the applicable Fund and the Custodian including, but not limited to, the security procedures selected by the Fund via the form of Funds Transfer Addendum hereto. Oral instructions will be considered Proper Instructions if the Custodian reasonably believes them to have been given by a person authorized to provide such instructions with respect to the transaction involved; the Fund shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in writing. For purposes of this section, Proper Instructions shall include instructions received by the Custodian pursuant to any multi-party agreement which requires a segregated asset account in accordance with Section 2.9 hereof.

Special Instructions,” as such term is used throughout this Agreement, means Proper Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the applicable Fund or any other person designated in writing by the Treasurer of such Fund, which countersignature or confirmation shall be (a) included on the same instrument containing the Proper Instructions or on a separate instrument clearly relating thereto and (b) delivered by hand, by facsimile transmission, or in such other manner as the Fund and the Custodian agree in writing.

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Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and from time to time thereafter, as appropriate, each Fund shall deliver to the Custodian, duly certified by such Fund’s Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, a certificate setting forth: (i) the names, titles, signatures and scope of authority of all persons authorized to give Proper Instructions or any other notice, request, direction, instruction, certificate or instrument on behalf of the Fund and (ii) the names, titles and signatures of those persons authorized to give Special Instructions. Such certificate may be accepted and relied upon by the Custodian as conclusive evidence of the facts set forth therein and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of notice to the contrary.

SECTION 8. EVIDENCE OF AUTHORITY

Subject to Section 15, the Custodian shall be protected in acting upon any instructions, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument or paper reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the applicable Fund. The Custodian may receive and accept a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of any Fund as conclusive evidence (a) of the authority of any person to act in accordance with such resolution or (b) of any determination or of any action by the applicable Board as described in such resolution, and such resolution may be considered as in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of written notice to the contrary.

SECTION 9. ACTIONS PERMITTED WITHOUT EXPRESS AUTHORITY

The Custodian may in its discretion, without express authority from the applicable Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio:

1) Make payments to itself or others for minor expenses of handling securities or other similar items relating to its duties under this Agreement; provided that all such payments shall be accounted for to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio;

2) Surrender securities in temporary form for securities in definitive form;

3) Endorse for collection, in the name of the Portfolio, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; and

4) In general, attend to all non-discretionary details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with the securities and property of the Portfolio except as otherwise directed by the applicable Board.

SECTION 10. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

(1) The Custodian represents and warrants to each Fund that:

a. It is a Massachusetts trust company, duly organized and existing under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is qualified to conduct its business in every jurisdiction where its business is conducted except where the failure to be so qualified would not have a material adverse affect on the Custodian.

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b. It has the power and authority to carry on its business in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and to enter into and perform this Agreement;

c. All requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;

d. No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Custodian’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement;

e. This Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable agreement; and

f. Its entrance into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Custodian or any law or regulation applicable to it.

(2) Each Fund represents and warrants to the Custodian that:

a. It is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing in its state of organization as specified on Appendix A, and is qualified to conduct its business in every jurisdiction where its business is conducted except where the failure to be so qualified would not have a material adverse affect on the Fund;

b. It has the power and authority under applicable laws and its Governing Documents to enter into and perform this Agreement;

c. All requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;

d. No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Fund’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement;

e. This Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable agreement; and

f. Its entrance into this Agreement will not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Fund or any law or regulation applicable to it.

SECTION 11. RECORDS

The Custodian shall with respect to each Portfolio create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of each Fund under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2

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thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the Fund and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of such Fund and employees and agents of the SEC. The Custodian shall, at a Fund’s request, supply the Fund with a tabulation of securities owned by each Portfolio and held by the Custodian and shall, when requested to do so by the Fund and for such compensation as shall be agreed upon between the Fund and the Custodian, include certificate numbers in such tabulations. Each Fund acknowledges that, in creating and maintaining the records as set forth herein with respect to Portfolio property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14), or purchased pursuant to Section 2.6(7) hereof, the Custodian is authorized and instructed to rely upon information provided to it by the Fund, the Fund’s counterparty(ies), or the agents of either of them. In addition to the foregoing, the Custodian shall provide storage for, during the term of this Agreement, historical records delivered to it by any prior custodian of the Funds and consult with the Funds in any event of the Custodian’s inability to do so; provided, that the parties hereby agree that the Custodian shall have no responsibility for the condition, accuracy, integrity, searchability, reconciliation or contents of such historical records.

SECTION 12. OPINION OF FUNDS INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT

The Custodian shall take all reasonable action, as a Fund with respect to a Portfolio may from time to time request, to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from the Fund’s independent accountants with respect to its activities hereunder in connection with the preparation of the Fund’s Form N-1A or Form N-2, as applicable, and Form N-SAR or other annual reports to the SEC and with respect to any other requirements thereof.

SECTION 13. REPORTS TO FUND BY INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

The Custodian shall provide each Fund, on behalf of each of its Portfolios, at such times as such Fund may reasonably require, with reports by independent public accountants on the accounting system, internal accounting control and procedures for safeguarding securities, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including securities deposited and/or maintained in a U.S. Securities System or a Foreign Securities System (either, a “Securities System”), relating to the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement; such reports shall be of sufficient scope and in sufficient detail as may reasonably be required by the Fund to provide reasonable assurance that any material inadequacies would be disclosed by such examination, and, if there are no such inadequacies, the reports shall so state.

SECTION 14. COMPENSATION OF CUSTODIAN

The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as Custodian, as agreed upon from time to time in writing between each Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and the Custodian.

SECTION 15. RESPONSIBILITY OF CUSTODIAN

So long as and to the extent that it is in the exercise of reasonable care, the Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any property or evidence of title thereto received by it or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement and shall be held harmless in acting upon any

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notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to be signed by the proper party or parties, including any futures commission merchant acting pursuant to the terms of a three-party futures or options agreement. The Custodian shall be held to the exercise of reasonable care in carrying out the provisions of this Agreement, but shall be kept indemnified by and shall be without liability to any Fund for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith without negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, violation of law applicable to the Custodian in its capacity as a custodian and that affects the Custodian’s performance of the Services hereunder, or material breach of this Agreement (provided, however, that the Custodian shall have the opportunity to cure, within thirty (30) days of its receipt of written notice from the Fund, solely those breaches capable of cure without material adverse impact to the Fund, provided, in each such instance where the Custodian is aware of an event related to such notice, the Custodian had previously informed the Fund promptly of such event; any such communication from the Custodian to the Fund shall not be used as or considered as an admission of fault and will be provided solely as an accommodation to the Fund), including, without limitation, acting in accordance with any Proper Instruction. It shall be entitled to rely on and may act upon advice of counsel (who may be counsel for the Fund) on all matters, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice. The Custodian shall be without liability to any Fund or Portfolio for any loss, liability, claim or expense to the extent resulting from or caused by anything which is part of Country Risk (as defined in Section 3 hereof), including without limitation nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war, revolution, riots or terrorism.

Except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, violation of law applicable to the Custodian in its capacity as a custodian that affects the Custodian’s performance of the Services hereunder, or material breach of this Agreement (provided, however, that the Custodian shall have the opportunity to cure, within thirty (30) days of its receipt of written notice from the Fund, solely those breaches capable of cure without material adverse impact to the Fund, provided, in each such instance where the Custodian is aware of an event related to such notice, the Custodian had previously informed the Fund promptly of such event; any such communication from the Custodian to the Fund shall not be used as or considered as an admission of fault and will be provided solely as an accommodation to the Fund), or the negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of a sub-custodian or agent, the Custodian shall be without liability to any Fund for any loss, liability, claim or expense to the extent resulting from or caused by: (i) events or circumstances beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian or any sub-custodian or Securities System or any agent or nominee of any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of any securities market, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions, computer viruses or communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, or other similar events or acts; (ii) errors by any Fund or its duly authorized investment manager or investment adviser in its instructions to the Custodian provided such instructions have been in accordance with this Agreement; (iii) the insolvency of or acts or omissions by a Securities System; (iv) any act or omission of a Special Sub-Custodian including, without limitation, reliance on reports prepared by a Special Sub-Custodian ; (v) any delay or failure of any broker, agent or intermediary, central bank or other commercially prevalent payment or clearing system to deliver to the Custodian’s sub-custodian or agent securities purchased or in the remittance or payment made in connection with securities sold; (vi) any delay or failure of any company, corporation, or other body in charge of registering or transferring securities in the name of the Custodian, any Fund, the Custodian’s sub-custodians, nominees or agents or any consequential losses arising out of such delay or failure to transfer such securities including non-

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receipt of bonus, dividends and rights and other accretions or benefits; (vii) delays or inability to perform its duties due to any disorder in market infrastructure with respect to any particular security or Securities System; (viii) any provision of any present or future law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or any other country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction; and (ix) the Custodian acting in accordance with any Proper Instruction with respect to Free Trade.

In the event of equipment failure, work stoppage, governmental action, communication disruption or other impossibility of performance beyond the Custodian’s control, the Custodian shall take reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions. The Custodian shall enter into and shall maintain in effect, at all times during the term of this Agreement, with appropriate parties one or more agreements making reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to the Funds; and (ii) emergency use of electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement.

The Custodian shall have no more or less responsibility or liability to any Fund on account of any actions or omissions of any sub-custodian so employed than any such sub-custodian has to the Custodian. The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of a Foreign Sub-Custodian (as such term is defined in Section 4 hereof) to the same extent as set forth with respect to sub-custodians generally in this Agreement and, regardless of whether assets are maintained in the custody of a Foreign Sub-Custodian or a Foreign Securities System, the Custodian shall not be liable for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim to the extent resulting from nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war or terrorism, or any other loss where the Sub-Custodian has otherwise acted with reasonable care. With respect to foreign securities maintained in the custody of a Foreign Sub-Custodian (other than bearer securities) which are registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Foreign Sub-Custodian or in the name of any nominee of the foregoing in accordance with Section 4.5 of this Agreement, the applicable Fund on behalf of such Portfolio agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of such foreign securities.

If a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio requires the Custodian to take any action not otherwise addressed in this Agreement with respect to securities, which action involves the payment of money or which action may, in the reasonable opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to the Fund or the Portfolio being liable for the payment of money or incurring liability of some other form, such Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, as a prerequisite to requiring the Custodian to take such action, shall provide indemnity to the Custodian in an amount and form satisfactory to it.

In the event a Fund requires the Custodian, its affiliates, subsidiaries or agents, to advance cash or securities for any purpose (including but not limited to securities settlements, predetermined income, foreign exchange contracts and assumed settlement) or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligent action, negligent failure to act or willful misconduct, any property at any time held for the account of the applicable Portfolio shall be security therefor and should the Fund fail to repay the Custodian promptly, the Custodian shall be entitled to utilize available cash and to dispose of such Portfolio’s assets to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement. To the extent not inconsistent with market rules or practice, the Custodian shall first utilize available cash and

23. 

 



thereafter such Portfolio’s other assets, it being specifically understood that any failure of the Custodian to so utilize or dispose shall in no way affect either the validity or priority of the Custodian’s security interest in such cash or assets. Further, and only to the extent practicable, the Custodian shall provide notice to the Fund prior to commencing such utilization or disposal, and, if such prior notice is not practicable, the Custodian shall provide notice to the Fund as soon as practicable thereafter, it being specifically understood that any failure of the Custodian to provide any such notice shall in no way affect the Custodian’s rights or remedies under this paragraph or applicable law.

In no event shall any party hereto be liable for indirect, special or consequential damages.

SECTION 16. EFFECTIVE PERIOD, TERMINATION AND AMENDMENT

(a) This Agreement shall become effective as of its execution and shall continue in full force and effect for an initial term of four (4) years from the date hereof, and shall automatically renew for additional consecutive three (3) year terms, unless either party gives one hundred eighty (180) days’ prior written notice to the other of its intent not to renew. If this Agreement is terminated (the effective date of such termination being referred to as the “Termination Date”), the Custodian shall, at the reasonable request of the Funds, and subject to the consent of the Custodian (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), continue to provide services hereunder for a period (the “Extension Period”) not to exceed ninety (90) days from the Termination Date, and the compensation payable to the Custodian for its services and expenses during such Extension Period shall not exceed one hundred and five percent (105%) (per annum) of the compensation last agreed upon by each Fund and the Custodian and in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date.

(b) In the event that the Agreement is terminated by any Fund with respect to a Portfolio (the “Terminating Fund”), other than for cause, with respect to such Terminating Fund prior to the four (4) year anniversary of the date hereof (the “Anniversary Date”), and the Custodian has not terminated either this Agreement with respect to such Terminating Fund or any agreement pursuant to which the Custodian provides fund accounting services relative to such Terminating Fund, the Terminating Fund shall pay to the Custodian, in lieu of any other fees, expenses, termination penalties, damages or other amounts (except as identified in paragraph (c) below), an early termination fee equal to the present value, using a discount rate of seven percent (7%), compounded annually, of the remaining fees which would have been due by the Terminating Fund to the Custodian for the period from the Termination Date until the Anniversary Date if the Agreement had not been terminated (the “Remaining Fees”) which Remaining Fees shall be determined using the average monthly compensation for its services (prior to the application of any earnings credits) earned by the Custodian hereunder with respect to such Terminating Fund during the 12-month period (or if shorter, such lesser period of time) preceding such Termination Date (the “Early Termination Fee”).

For the avoidance of doubt, no Terminating Fund will be required to make any such Early Termination Fee payment (other than as set forth in paragraph (e) below) if this Agreement is terminated on or after the Anniversary Date or by the Terminating Funds for cause at any time.

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(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (b) above, no Early Termination Fee shall be payable in the event (each, a “Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event”) that a Fund or Portfolio is

(i) liquidated; or

(ii) merged into or consolidated with another Fund or Portfolio with respect to which the Custodian provides Services pursuant to this Agreement; or

(iii) merged into or consolidated with another investment company or series of an investment company (each series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets) with respect to which the Custodian provides custody services,

provided, that in each case of (i) and (ii) above, the aggregate amount of fees for custody services provided by the Custodian with respect to all Funds and Portfolios covered by this Agreement immediately after, and taking into consideration the effect of, such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event (the “Projected Fees”) shall be equal to or greater than the aggregate amount of fees for custody services provided by the Custodian pursuant to this Agreement, measured as of the date of this Agreement (the “Existing Fees”);

and further provided, that in each case of (iii) above, (A) the Projected Fees plus (B) the Incremental Fees (as defined below) shall be equal to or greater than the Existing Fees.

For purposes of this Section 16(c), the Projected Fees shall equal the custody fees, with respect to such Funds and Portfolios subject to this Agreement immediately after such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event, projected to be earned by the Custodian on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity.

For purposes of this Section 16(c), the Existing Fees shall equal the custody fees, with respect to such Funds and Portfolios on the date of this Agreement, projected to be earned by the Custodian on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity.

For purposes of this Section 16(c), the “Other Contract” shall mean a contractual arrangement pursuant to which the Custodian provides custody services that may not be terminated earlier than the Anniversary Date and whose fee schedule is fixed until the Anniversary Date.

For purposes of this Section 16(c), the “Incremental Fees” shall mean (A) the custody fees with respect to custody services under the Other Contract that are projected to be earned by the Custodian on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity, immediately after such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event, less (B) the custody fees with respect to custody services under the Other Contract that were projected to have been earned by the Custodian on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity, immediately prior to such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event.

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(d) Upon any termination of this Agreement pursuant to paragraph (b) above and receipt of a final bill from the Custodian, the Terminating Fund shall pay to the Custodian all accrued and unpaid fees and expenses, whether the same have been billed or remain unbilled prior to delivery of such final bill, and shall reimburse the Custodian for any reasonable de-conversion costs associated with such termination.

(e) Notwithstanding any term herein to the contrary, termination of this Agreement with respect to a Terminating Fund shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund or Portfolio.

(f) In the event of the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the Custodian by the Comptroller of the Currency or upon the happening of a like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction, any Fund on behalf of one or more of the Portfolios may at any time by action of its Board (i) substitute another bank or trust company for the Custodian by giving notice as described above to the Custodian, or (ii) immediately terminate this Agreement without penalty.

(g) This Agreement may be modified or amended from time to time by mutual written agreement of the parties hereto.

SECTION 17. SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN

If a successor custodian for one or more Portfolios shall be appointed by the applicable Board, the Custodian shall, upon notice of such appointment and receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver to such successor custodian at the office of the Custodian, duly endorsed and in the form for transfer, as may be applicable, all securities, funds and other properties of each applicable Portfolio then held by it hereunder and shall transfer to an account of the successor custodian all of the securities of each such Portfolio held in a Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent.

If no such successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall, in like manner, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver at the office of the Custodian and transfer such securities, funds and other properties in accordance therewith.

In the event that no Proper Instructions designating a successor custodian or alternative arrangements shall have been delivered to the Custodian on or before the date when such termination shall become effective, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company, which is a “bank” as defined in the 1940 Act, doing business in Boston, Massachusetts or New York, New York, of its own selection, having an aggregate capital, surplus, and undivided profits, as shown by its last published report, of not less than $25,000,000, all securities, funds and other properties held by the Custodian on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and all instruments held by the Custodian relative thereto and all other property held by it under this Agreement on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, and to transfer to an account of such successor custodian all of the securities of each such Portfolio held in any Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent. Thereafter, such bank or trust company shall be the successor of the Custodian under this Agreement.

In the event that securities, funds and other properties remain in the possession of the Custodian after the date of termination hereof owing to failure of any Fund to provide Proper Instructions as

26. 

 



aforesaid, the Custodian shall be entitled to fair compensation for its services during such period as the Custodian retains possession of such securities, funds and other properties and the provisions of this Agreement relating to the duties and obligations of the Custodian shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 18. OVERSIGHT; AUDIT RIGHTS; ADDITIONAL SUB-CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTS

SECTION 18.1 OVERSIGHT. The Custodian acknowledges that the Funds have informed the Custodian of their intent to engage Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (“PFTC”), or one of PFTC’s affiliates to perform custody oversight services on behalf of the Funds. Upon notice and instruction from the Funds that they have engaged PFTC or its affiliate regarding such custody oversight services, the Custodian shall, at the expense of the Funds, reasonably cooperate with such entity to provide such information regarding the Funds and such information regarding the Custodian’s performance of the services contemplated by this Agreement (the “Services”) to such entity as it may reasonably request from time to time.

SECTION 18.2 AUDIT RIGHTS.

(a) To the extent required by applicable law, rule or regulation and upon request of a Fund (which shall include reasonable advance notice), the Custodian shall allow such Fund’s regulators or supervisory authorities to perform periodic on-site audits as may be reasonably required to examine the Custodian’s performance of the Services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to the performance of any audits of the Custodian’s performance of the Services, the Fund will request that such regulator or supervisory authority to the extent possible shall coordinate such audit through the Custodian’s primary regulator, the United States Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

(b) Upon request of a Fund (which shall include reasonable advance notice), the Custodian shall allow such Fund and its duly-authorized agents, auditors (including internal audit staff and external auditors), and compliance personnel to perform periodic on-site audits as may be reasonably required to examine the Custodian’s performance of the Services.

(c) Notwithstanding the audit and inspection rights conferred by the foregoing sub-section, the Custodian reserves the right to impose reasonable limitations on the number, frequency, timing and scope of audits and inspections requested by the Funds so as to prevent or minimize any potential impairment or disruption of its operations, distraction of its personnel or breaches of security or confidentiality; provided, however, that the Custodian may not limit the number, frequency or timing of audits and inspections by regulatory bodies with supervisory authority over a Fund or by a Fund resulting from a regulatory problem at the Custodian and affecting the Custodian’s ability to provide the Services hereunder or any material weakness or significant deficiency in the Custodian’s internal controls. In addition, the Custodian shall be entitled to impose a commercially reasonable per person hourly charge for the cooperation and assistance of its personnel in connection with any audit in excess of one (1) in any twelve (12) month period; provided, however, that no such charge may be imposed in connection with any audit or inspection by any regulatory body with supervisory authority over a Fund or by a Fund resulting from a regulatory problem at the Custodian and affecting the Custodian’s ability to provide the Services hereunder or any material weakness or significant deficiency in the Custodian’s internal controls. Nothing contained in this section shall obligate the Custodian to provide access to or otherwise

27. 

 



disclose: (i) any information that is unrelated to the relevant Fund and the provision of the Services to such Fund; (ii) any information which is treated as confidential under the Custodian’s corporate policies, including, without limitation, internal audit reports, compliance or risk management plans or reports, work papers and other reports and information relating to management functions; or (iii) any other documents, reports or other information that the Custodian is obligated to maintain in confidence as a matter of law or regulation. In addition, any access provided hereunder to technology shall be limited to a demonstration by the Custodian of the functionality thereof and a reasonable opportunity to communicate with the Custodian personnel regarding such technology.

SECTION 18.3 ADDITIONAL SUB-CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTS

The Custodian shall provide to the Funds: (a) sub-certifications in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 certification requirements; and (b) periodic reports and reasonable documentation for delivery to the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer in connection with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to the Services and the Custodian’s compliance with its operating policies and procedures related thereto.

SECTION 19. INCLUDED SERVICE ENHANCEMENTS.

If, in the ordinary course of its business, the Custodian enhances core system processing functionality that it uses in connection with the Services, the Custodian shall use such enhanced core system processing enhancements in performing the Services hereunder, at no additional charge to the Funds, as soon as the Custodian reasonably determines that such use is appropriate. To the extent the Custodian reasonably determines that such enhanced core system processing enhancements are relevant to the Funds’ receipt of the Services, the Custodian shall inform the Funds of such core system processing enhancements.

SECTION 20. CONFIDENTIALITY.

The parties hereto agree that each shall treat as confidential all information provided by a party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Recipient”) or to which the Recipient obtains access and that relates to the Disclosing Party, including information regarding its business, financial affairs, operations or otherwise, including without limitation, securities holdings and trading information of a Portfolio or Fund (“Confidential Information”). In maintaining the confidentiality of the Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party, each Recipient shall exercise the same degree of care that such person exercises with respect to its own Confidential Information of a similar nature, including the use of customary data protection procedures, and in no event less than a reasonable degree of care. All Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party shall be used by a Recipient solely for the purpose of rendering or receiving services pursuant to this Agreement and shall not be disclosed to any party other than such Recipient’s (i) employees and contractors who have a need-to-know for purposes of performing such Recipient’s obligations under this Agreement, provided, that, such persons and entities are bound by confidentiality provisions at least as stringent as those contained herein, (ii) regulators or examiners, and (iii) auditors and legal counsel, to the extent required in connection with services provided by such parties to Recipient.

The Recipient shall notify the Disclosing Party of any unauthorized use or disclosure of Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party of which the Recipient becomes aware. The parties agree that

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disclosure of Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party may give rise to an irreparable injury to such Disclosing Party inadequately compensable in damages. Accordingly, the Disclosing Party may seek (without the posting of any bond or other security) injunctive relief against the breach of the foregoing undertaking of confidentiality and nondisclosure, in addition to any other legal remedies which may be available.

The foregoing obligations of confidentiality and non-disclosure shall not be applicable to any information that the Recipient demonstrates (i) is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through disclosure by the Recipient or any of its affiliates, or that is independently derived by the Recipient without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party, (ii) that is required in any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, or by operation of law or regulation (collectively, “Legal Process”), or (iii) where the Recipient has received the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party. In the event that a Recipient is requested by or pursuant to, or required by, Legal Process to disclose any Confidential Information of any other party to this Agreement, such Recipient will, to the extent not legally prohibited, provide the applicable Disclosing Party with prompt notice of such Legal Process in order to enable the Disclosing Party, at its own expense, to seek an appropriate protective order or other remedy (and, if the Disclosing Party seeks such order, the Recipient will provide such cooperation as the Disclosing Party shall reasonably request at the Disclosing Party’s expense) to resist or narrow the scope of such request or legal process, or waive compliance, in whole or in part, with the terms of this Section 20. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or the Disclosing Party waives such compliance, only that portion of the Confidential Information may be disclosed as the Recipient, as advised by counsel, is legally required to disclose and the Recipient will request that all such Confidential Information so disclosed will be accorded confidential treatment. Confidential Information disclosed in combination with other information that is not Confidential Information is not deemed to fall within one of the foregoing exceptions by reason of such combination.

Furthermore, and notwithstanding anything in this section to the contrary, the Custodian may aggregate Fund or Portfolio data with similar data of other customers of the Custodian (“Aggregated Data”) and may use Aggregated Data for purposes of constructing statistical models so long as such Aggregated Data represents a sufficiently large sample that no Fund or Portfolio data can be identified either directly or by inference or implication.

All of the undertakings and obligations relating to confidentiality and nondisclosure, whether contained in this Section or elsewhere in this Agreement or any schedule or exhibit hereto shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement for a period of three (3) years.

SECTION 21. GENERAL

SECTION 21.1 MASSACHUSETTS LAW TO APPLY. This Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

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SECTION 21.2 PRIOR AGREEMENTS. This Agreement supersedes and terminates, as of the date hereof, any prior Agreements between each Fund on behalf of each of the Portfolios and the Custodian relating to the custody of such Fund’s assets.

SECTION 21.3 ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) any Fund without the written consent of the Custodian or (b) by the Custodian without the written consent of each applicable Fund.

SECTION 21.4 INTERPRETIVE AND ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS. In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Custodian and each Fund on behalf of each of the Portfolios, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in a writing signed by all parties and shall be annexed hereto, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable federal or state regulations or any provision of a Fund’s Governing Documents. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Agreement.

SECTION 21.5 ADDITIONAL FUNDS. In the event that any management investment company advised by Putnam Investment Management, LLC or an affiliate thereof, in addition to those listed on Appendix A hereto desires to have the Custodian render services as custodian under the terms hereof, it shall so notify the Custodian in writing, and if the Custodian agrees in writing to provide such services, such management investment company shall become a Fund hereunder and the Custodian and the Fund shall be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof.

SECTION 21.6 ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIOS. In the event that any Fund establishes one or more series of Shares in addition to those set forth on Appendix A hereto with respect to which it desires to have the Custodian render services as custodian under the terms hereof, it shall so notify the Custodian in writing, and if the Custodian agrees in writing to provide such services, such series of Shares shall become a Portfolio hereunder and the Custodian and the Fund shall be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof with respect to such Portfolio.

SECTION 21.7 THE PARTIES. All references herein to the “Fund” are to each of the management investment companies listed on Appendix A hereto, and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.5 above, individually, as if this Agreement were between such individual Fund and the Custodian. In the case of a series corporation, trust or other entity, all references herein to the “Portfolio” are to the individual series or portfolio of such corporation, trust or other entity, or to such corporation, trust or other entity on behalf of the individual series or portfolio, as appropriate. Any reference in this Agreement to “the parties” shall mean the Custodian and such other individual Fund as to which the matter pertains.

A copy of the Declaration of Trust of each Fund is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Notice is hereby given, and it is expressly agreed that the obligations under this Agreement of any such Fund shall not be binding upon any of the trustees, shareholders, nominees, officers, agents or employees of such Fund personally, but bind only the trust property of such Fund. In the case of each Fund, the execution and delivery of this Agreement on its behalf has been authorized by its trustees, and signed by an authorized officer, in each case

30. 

 


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acting in such capacity and not individually, and neither such authorization by the trustees nor such execution and delivery shall be deemed to have been made by any of them individually, but shall only bind the trust property of each Fund.

SECTION 21.8 REMOTE ACCESS SERVICES ADDENDUM. The Custodian and each Fund agree to be bound by the terms of the Remote Access Services Addendum hereto.

SECTION 21.9 NOTICES. Any notice, instruction or other instrument required to be given hereunder may be delivered in person to the offices of the parties as set forth herein during normal business hours or delivered prepaid registered mail, overnight courier or by telex, cable or telecopy to the parties at the following addresses or such other addresses as may be notified by any party from time to time.

To any Fund:  c/o PUTNAM FIDUCIARY TRUST COMPANY 
  1 Post Office Square 
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
  Attention: Judd Symon, Senior Vice President 
  Telephone: 617-760-5181 
  Telecopy: 617-760-5140 
 
with a copy to:  ROPES & GRAY 
  Prudential Tower 
  800 Boylston Street 
  Boston, MA 02199-3600 
   
Attention: John W. Gertsmayr
  Telephone: 617-951-7393 
  Telecopy: 617-235-0040 
 
To the Custodian:  STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY 
Lafayette Corporate Center
  2 Avenue de Lafayette 
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
 
  Attention: Robert F. Dame, Senior Vice President, LCC/2S 
  Telephone: 617-662-4036 
  Telecopy: 617-662-4040 

Such notice, instruction or other instrument shall be deemed to have been served in the case of a registered letter at the expiration of five business days after posting, in the case of overnight courier, upon receipt, in the case of cable twenty-four hours after dispatch and, in the case of telex or telecopy, immediately on dispatch and if delivered by cable, telex or telecopy outside normal business hours it shall be deemed to have been received at the next time after delivery when normal business hours commence. Evidence that the notice was properly addressed, stamped and put into the post shall be conclusive evidence of posting.

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SECTION 21.10 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

SECTION 21.11 SEVERABILITY; WAIVER. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired. The failure of a party hereto to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion or the failure of a party hereto to exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any such term, right or remedy or a waiver of any other rights or remedies and no single or partial exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement shall prevent any further exercise of the right or remedy or the exercise of any other right or remedy.

SECTION 21.12 REPRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS. This Agreement and all schedules, addenda, exhibits, appendices, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. The parties hereto all/each agree that any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and that any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

SECTION 21.13 SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS ELECTION. SEC Rule 14b-2 requires banks which hold securities for the account of customers to respond to requests by issuers of securities for the names, addresses and holdings of beneficial owners of securities of that issuer held by the bank unless the beneficial owner has expressly objected to disclosure of this information. In order to comply with the rule, the Custodian needs each Fund to indicate whether it authorizes the Custodian to provide such Fund’s name, address, and share position to requesting companies whose securities the Fund owns. If a Fund tells the Custodian “no,” the Custodian will not provide this information to requesting companies. If a Fund tells the Custodian “yes” or does not check either “yes” or “no” below, the Custodian is required by the rule to treat the Fund as consenting to disclosure of this information for all securities owned by the Fund or any funds or accounts established by the Fund. For a Fund’s protection, the Rule prohibits the requesting company from using the Fund’s name and address for any purpose other than corporate communications. Please indicate below whether the Fund consents or objects by checking one of the alternatives below.

YES [ ] The Custodian is authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

NO [X] The Custodian is not authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

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SIGNATURE PAGE

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this instrument to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative and its seal to be hereunder affixed as of the date first above-written.

FUND SIGNATURE ATTESTED TO BY:  EACH OF THE ENTITIES SET 
  FORTH ON APPENDIX A 
  HERETO 
 
 
/s/ Robert T. Burns  /s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz 
By: Robert T. Burns By: Jonathan S. Horwitz 
Robert T. Burns  Jonathan S. Horwitz 
Managing Director,  Executive Vice President, 
Putnam Investments  Principal Executive 
  Officer, Treasurer and 
  Compliance Liaison 
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURE ATTESTED TO BY:  STATE STREET BANK AND 
  TRUST COMPANY 
 
 
/s/ Stephanie L. Poster  /s/ Joseph L. Hooley 
By: Stephanie L. Poster By: Joseph L. Hooley 
Stephanie L. Poster  Joseph L. Hooley 
Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel  Executive Vice President 

 



APPENDIX A
TO
MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT 

As amended as of March 23, 2015

 

Putnam American Government Income Fund 
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds 
-Balanced Portfolio 
-Conservative Portfolio 
-Growth Portfolio 
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Convertible Securities Fund 
Putnam Diversified Income Trust 
Putnam Equity Income Fund 
Putnam Europe Equity Fund 
Putnam Funds Trust 
- Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund 
- Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund 
- Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund 
- Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund 
- Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund 
- Putnam Asset Allocation: Equity Portfolio
- Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund 
- Putnam Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund 
- Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund 
- Putnam Emerging Markets Income Fund 
- Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund 
- Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund 
- Putnam Global Consumer Fund 
- Putnam Global Dividend Fund 
- Putnam Global Energy Fund 
- Putnam Global Financials Fund 
- Putnam Global Industrials Fund 
- Putnam Global Sector Fund 
- Putnam Global Technology Fund 
- Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund
- Putnam Intermediate-Term Municipal Income Fund 
- Putnam International Value Fund 
- Putnam Low Volatility Equity Fund 
- Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund 
- Putnam Mortgage Opportunities Fund 
- Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund 
- Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 2
- Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 3

 



- Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 
- Putnam Short Term Investment Fund 
- Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund 
- Putnam Small Cap Growth Fund 
- Putnam Strategic Volatility Equity Fund
George Putnam Balanced Fund 
Putnam Global Equity Fund 
Putnam Global Health Care Fund 
Putnam Global Income Trust 
Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund 
Putnam Global Utilities Fund 
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income 
Putnam High Income Securities Fund 
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund 
Putnam High Yield Trust 
Putnam Income Fund 
Putnam International Equity Fund 
Putnam Investment Funds 
-Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam Growth Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam International Growth Fund 
-Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam Research Fund 
-Putnam Small Cap Value Fund 
Putnam Investors Fund 
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust 
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust 
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Money Market Fund 
Putnam Mortgage Recovery Fund 
Putnam Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust 
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Premier Income Trust 
Putnam RetirementReady® Funds 
-Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 1 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2055 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2050 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2045 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2040 Fund 

 



-Putnam RetirementReady 2035 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2030 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2025 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2020 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2015 Fund 
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund 
Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust 
-Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund 
-Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund 
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust 
Putnam Variable Trust 
-Putnam VT Absolute Return 500 Fund 
-Putnam VT American Government Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Capital Opportunities Fund
-Putnam VT Diversified Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Equity Income Fund 
-Putnam VT George Putnam Balanced Fund
-Putnam VT Global Asset Allocation Fund
-Putnam VT Global Equity Fund 
-Putnam VT Global Health Care Fund 
-Putnam VT Global Utilities Fund 
-Putnam VT Growth and Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Growth Opportunities Fund
-Putnam VT High Yield Fund 
-Putnam VT Income Fund 
-Putnam VT International Equity Fund 
-Putnam VT International Value Fund 
-Putnam VT International Growth Fund 
-Putnam VT Investors Fund 
-Putnam VT Money Market Fund 
-Putnam VT Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
-Putnam VT Multi-Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Research Fund 
-Putnam VT Small Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Voyager Fund 
Putnam Voyager Fund 

 

3-23-15

EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT 22 a_invservmod1.htm a_invservmod1.htm
AMENDED & RESTATED INVESTOR SERVICING AGREEMENT — 
OPEN-END FUNDS

 

This AGREEMENT is made as of the 1st day of July, 2013, between each of the Putnam Funds listed in Appendix A hereto (as the same may from time to time be amended to add one or more additional Putnam Funds or to delete one or more of such Funds), each of such Funds acting severally on its own behalf and not jointly with any of such other Funds (each of such Funds being hereinafter referred to as the “Fund”), and Putnam Investment Management, LLC (the “Manager”), a Delaware limited liability company, and Putnam Investor Services, Inc. (the “Agent”), a Massachusetts corporation, and amends and restates the Amended and Restated Investor Servicing Agreement dated as of January 1, 2009 between each of the Funds, the Manager, and the Agent.

W I T N E S S E T H: 

 

WHEREAS, the Fund is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940;

WHEREAS, Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company has transferred, with the consent of the trustees of the Fund (the “Trustees”), its investor servicing business for the Fund to the Agent effective as of January 1, 2009;

WHEREAS, the Fund desires to engage the Manager and the Agent to provide all services required by the Fund in connection with the establishment, maintenance and recording of shareholder accounts, including without limitation all related tax and other reporting requirements, and the implementation of investment and redemption arrangements offered in connection with the sale of the Fund’s shares;

WHEREAS, the Agent, an affiliate of the Manager, is willing to provide such services and implement and administer such regulatory obligations on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants set forth herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. APPOINTMENT.

The Fund hereby appoints the Agent as its “Investor Servicing Agent” on the terms and conditions set forth herein. In such capacity, the Agent shall act as transfer, distribution disbursing and redemption agent for the Fund and shall act as agent for the shareholders of the Fund in connection with the various shareholder investment and/or redemption plans from time to time made available to shareholders. The Agent hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the respective duties and functions of such offices in accordance with the terms of this agreement and in a manner generally consistent with the practices and standards customarily followed by other high quality investor servicing agents for registered investment companies.



Notwithstanding such appointment, however, the parties agree that the Manager may, upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Fund, assume such appointment and perform such duties and functions itself. Pending any such assumption, however, the Manager hereby guarantees the performance of the Agent hereunder and shall be fully responsible to the Fund, financially and otherwise, for the performance by the Agent of its agreements contained herein.

2. GENERAL AUTHORITY AND DUTIES.

By its acceptance of the foregoing appointment, the Agent shall be responsible for performing all functions and duties which, in the reasonable judgment of the Fund, are necessary or desirable in connection with the establishment, maintenance and recording of the Fund’s shareholder accounts and the conduct of its relations with shareholders with respect to their accounts. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Agent shall be responsible:

(a) as transfer agent, for performing all functions customarily performed by transfer agents for registered investment companies, including without limitation all functions necessary or desirable to establish and maintain accounts evidencing the ownership of securities issued by the Fund and, to the extent applicable, the issuance of certificates representing such securities, the recording of all transactions pertaining to such accounts, and effecting the issuance and redemption of securities issued by the Fund;

(b) as distribution disbursing agent, for performing all functions customarily performed by distribution disbursing agents for registered investment companies, including without limitation all functions necessary or desirable to effect the payment to shareholders of distributions declared from time to time by the Trustees;

(c) as redemption agent for the Fund, for performing all functions necessary or desirable to effect the redemption of securities issued by the Fund and payment of the proceeds thereof; and

(d) as agent for shareholders of the Fund, performing all functions necessary or desirable to maintain all plans or arrangements from time to time made available to shareholders to facilitate the purchase or redemption of securities issued by the Fund.

In performing its duties hereunder, in addition to the provisions set forth herein, the Agent shall comply with the terms of the Declaration of Trust, the Bylaws and the current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the Fund, and with the terms of votes adopted from time to time by the Trustees and shareholders of the Fund, relating to the subject matters of this Agreement, all as the same may be amended from time to time.

3. DELEGATION OF CERTAIN REGULATORY OBLIGATIONS

3.1 As of the date hereof and through the term of this Agreement, the Agent shall (i) perform the Fund’s obligations under the Fund’s Anti-Money Laundering Program, including a Customer Identification Program (“CIP”) (the “AML Program”) in compliance with the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct

2 

 



Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), and (ii) perform the Fund’s obligations under the Fund’s policies and procedures to comply with the sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”), Rule 22c-2 promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Rule 22c-2”), Regulation S-P adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and various state privacy requirements (collectively, “Reg S-P”), and the Federal Trade Commission’s (and by November 20, 2013, the SEC’s) Identity Theft Red Flags Rule (“Identity Theft Red Flags”).

3.2. The Agent shall provide the Fund and its agents with reasonable access to all records related to the establishment and maintenance of accounts that have been retained in compliance with the Fund’s CIP and shall take such further action as may be reasonably requested by the Fund in order to facilitate compliance with the Fund’s CIP. The Agent shall provide adequate notice to customers of the Fund that the Fund is requesting information to verify their identities.

3.3 In connection with applicable anti-money laundering laws (including the reporting, recordkeeping and compliance requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act, their implementing regulations, and related SEC rules and regulations) and in connection with the Fund’s AML Program and CIP, the Fund and the Agent hereby agree and covenant that the Agent will permit federal examiners, regulators and personnel of the Fund to (i) obtain all information such federal examiners, regulators or personnel of the Fund consider necessary or appropriate relating to the Fund’s AML Program and CIP and (ii) inspect the Agent, including its facilities and records, with respect to the Fund AML Program and CIP.

3.4. The Agent shall provide the Fund and its agents with reasonable access to all records relating to its performance of the Fund’s OFAC, Rule 22c-2, Reg S-P, and Identity Theft Red Flags compliance programs, and will permit federal examiners, regulators, and personnel of the Fund to (i) obtain all information such federal examiners, regulators, or personnel of the Fund consider necessary or appropriate relating to such compliance programs and (ii) inspect the Agent, including its facilities and records, with respect to such compliance programs.

4. OTHER THIRD PARTY SERVICING ARRANGEMENTS

Servicing arrangements may currently exist or may in the future be established with various third parties (which may include entities affiliated with the Agent) who have agreed to provide services to shareholders or to retirement plans and their participants who invest in the Fund. The Agent, and not the Fund, shall be fully responsible for the payment of all amounts owing to such service providers and shall monitor the provision of such services to such shareholders or plans and participants, reporting to the Trustees at such times and in such manner as the Trustees may request from time to time.

5. STANDARD OF SERVICE; COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS.

The Agent will use its best efforts to provide high quality services to the Fund’s shareholders and in so doing will seek to take advantage of such innovations and technological improvements as may be appropriate or desirable with a view to improving the quality and,

3 

 



where possible, reducing the cost of its services to the Fund. In performing its duties hereunder, the Agent shall comply with the provisions of all applicable laws and regulations and shall comply with the requirements of any governmental authority having jurisdiction over the Agent or the Fund with respect to the duties of the Agent hereunder.

6. COMPENSATION.

The Fund shall pay to the Agent, for its services rendered and its costs incurred in connection with the performance of its duties hereunder, such compensation and reimbursements as may from time to time be approved by vote of the Trustees.

7. DUTY OF CARE; INDEMNIFICATION.

The Agent will at all times act in good faith and exercise reasonable care in performing its duties hereunder. The Agent will not be liable or responsible for delays or errors resulting from circumstances beyond its control, including acts of civil or military authorities, national emergencies, labor difficulties, fire, mechanical breakdown beyond its control, flood or catastrophe, acts of God, insurrection, war, riots or failure beyond its control of transportation, communication or power supply.

The Agent may rely on certifications of the Clerk, the President, the Vice Chairman, the Executive Vice President, the Senior Vice President or the Treasurer of the Fund as to any action taken by the shareholders or Trustees, and upon instructions not inconsistent with this Agreement received from the President, Vice Chairman, the Executive Vice President, the Senior Vice President or the Treasurer of the Fund. If any officer of the Fund shall no longer be vested with authority to sign for the Fund, written notice thereof shall forthwith be given to the Agent by the Fund and, until receipt of such notice by it, the Agent shall be entitled to recognize and act in good faith upon certificates or other instruments bearing the signatures or facsimile signatures of such officers. The Agent may request advice of counsel for the Fund, at the expense of the Fund, with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder.

The Fund will indemnify and hold the Agent harmless from any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) arising out of (i) any action taken by the Agent in good faith consistent with the exercise of reasonable care in accordance with such certifications, instructions or advice, (ii) any action taken by the Agent in good faith consistent with the exercise of reasonable care in reliance upon any instrument or certificate for securities believed by it (a) to be genuine, and (b) to be executed by any person or persons authorized to execute the same; provided, however, that the Agent shall not be so indemnified in the event of its failure to obtain a proper signature guarantee to the extent the same is required by the Declaration of Trust, Bylaws, current Prospectus or Statement of Additional Information of the Fund or a vote of the Trustees, and such requirement has not been waived by vote of the Trustees, or (iii) any other action taken by the Agent in good faith consistent with the exercise of reasonable care in connection with the performance of its duties hereunder.

In the event that the Agent proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this

4 

 



Section 7 in connection with any action, suit or proceeding against it, the Agent shall promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of such action, suit or proceeding notify the Fund of the same, enclosing a copy of all papers served. In such event, the Fund shall be entitled to participate in such action, suit or proceeding, and, to the extent that it shall wish, to assume the defense thereof, and after notice from the Fund to the Agent of its election so to assume the defense thereof the Fund shall not be liable to the Agent for any legal or other expenses. The parties shall cooperate with each other in the defense of any such action, suit or proceeding. In no event shall the Fund be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its consent.

8. MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS.

The Agent will maintain and preserve all records relating to its duties under this Agreement in compliance with the requirements of applicable statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, Rule 31a-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Such records shall be the property of the Fund and shall at all times be available for inspection and use by the officers and agents of the Fund. The Agent shall furnish to the Fund such information pertaining to the shareholder accounts of the Fund and the performance of its duties hereunder as the Fund may from time to time request. The Agent shall notify the Fund promptly of any request or demand by any third party to inspect the records of the Fund maintained by it and will act upon the instructions of the Fund in permitting or refusing such inspection.

9. FUND ACCOUNTS.

All moneys of the Fund from time to time made available for the payment of distributions to shareholders or redemptions of shares, or otherwise coming into the possession or control of the Agent or its officers, shall be deposited and held in one or more accounts maintained by the Agent solely for the benefit of the Funds.

10. INSURANCE.

The Agent will at all times maintain in effect insurance coverage, including, without limitation, Errors and Omissions, Fidelity Bond and Electronic Data Processing coverages, at levels of coverage consistent with those customarily maintained by other high quality investor servicing agents for registered investment companies and with such policies as the Trustees may from time to time adopt.

11. EMPLOYEES.

The Agent shall be responsible for the employment, control and conduct of its agents and employees and for injury to such agents or employees or to others caused by such agents or employees. The Agent shall assume full responsibility for its agents and employees under applicable statutes and agrees to pay all applicable employer taxes thereunder with respect to such agents and employees, and such agents and employees shall in no event be considered to be agents or employees of the Fund.

5 

 



12. TERMINATION.

This Agreement shall continue indefinitely until terminated by not less than ninety (90) days prior written notice given by the Fund to the Agent, or by not less than six months prior written notice given by the Agent to the Fund.

In the event that in connection with any such termination a successor to any of the Agent’s duties or responsibilities hereunder is designated by the Fund by written notice to the Agent, the Agent will cooperate fully in the transfer of such duties and responsibilities, including provision for assistance by the Agent’s personnel in the establishment of books, records and other data by such successor. The Fund will reimburse the Agent for all expenses incurred by the Agent in connection with such transfer.

13. MISCELLANEOUS.

This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with and governed by the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions of this Agreement or otherwise affect their construction or effect. This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

A copy of the Declaration of Trust (including any amendments thereto) of the Fund is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees as trustees and not individually and that the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers or shareholders individually, but binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund.

6 

 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers as of the date and year first above written.

THE PUTNAM FUNDS, listed on Appendix A
 
 
By  /s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz 
  Name: Jonathan S. Horwitz 
  Title:  Executive Vice President, Principal 
    Executive Officer and Compliance Liaison 
 
 
PUTNAM INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
 
 
By  /s/ Steven D. Krichmar
  Name: Steven D. Krichmar 
  Title:  President 
 
 
PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
 
 
By  /s/ James P. Pappas
  Name: James P. Pappas 
  Title:  Director of Trustee Relations and 
    Authorized Person 

 

7 

 



  APPENDIX A 
PUTNAM FUNDS

As amended as of November 20, 2014

Putnam American Government Income Fund 
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds 
-Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Balanced Fund 
-Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Conservative Fund 
-Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Growth Fund
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Convertible Securities Fund 
Putnam Diversified Income Trust 
Putnam Equity Income Fund 
Putnam Europe Equity Fund 
Putnam Funds Trust 
-Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund 
-Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund 
-Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund 
-Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund 
-Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund 
-Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund 
-Putnam Dynamic Asset Allocation Equity Fund
-Putnam Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund 
-Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund 
-Putnam Emerging Markets Income Fund 
-Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund 
-Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund 
-Putnam Global Consumer Fund 
-Putnam Global Dividend Fund 
-Putnam Global Energy Fund 
-Putnam Global Financials Fund 
-Putnam Global Industrials Fund 
-Putnam Global Sector Fund 
-Putnam Global Technology Fund 
-Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund 
-Putnam Intermediate-Term Municipal Income Fund 
-Putnam International Value Fund 
-Putnam Low Volatility Equity Fund 
-Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund 
-Putnam Mortgage Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund 
-Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 2 
-Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 3 

 

8 

 



-Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 
-Putnam Short Term Investment Fund 
-Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund 
-Putnam Small Cap Growth Fund 
-Putnam Strategic Volatility Equity Fund
George Putnam Balanced Fund 
Putnam Global Equity Fund 
Putnam Global Health Care Fund 
Putnam Global Income Trust 
Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund 
Putnam Global Utilities Fund 
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income 
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund 
Putnam High Yield Trust 
Putnam Income Fund 
Putnam International Equity Fund 
Putnam Investment Funds 
-Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam Growth Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam International Growth Fund 
-Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam Research Fund 
-Putnam Small Cap Value Fund 
Putnam Investors Fund 
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Money Market Fund 
Putnam Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam RetirementReady® Funds 
-Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 1 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2055 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2050 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2045 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2040 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2035 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2030 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2025 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2020 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2015 Fund 
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund 

 

9 

 



Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund 
Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust 
-Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund 
-Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund 
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust 
Putnam Variable Trust 
-Putnam VT Absolute Return 500 Fund 
-Putnam VT American Government Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Capital Opportunities Fund
-Putnam VT Diversified Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Equity Income Fund 
-Putnam VT George Putnam Balanced Fund
-Putnam VT Global Asset Allocation Fund
-Putnam VT Global Equity Fund 
-Putnam VT Global Health Care Fund 
-Putnam VT Global Utilities Fund 
-Putnam VT Growth and Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Growth Opportunities Fund
-Putnam VT High Yield Fund 
-Putnam VT Income Fund 
-Putnam VT International Equity Fund 
-Putnam VT International Growth Fund 
-Putnam VT International Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Investors Fund 
-Putnam VT Money Market Fund 
-Putnam VT Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
-Putnam VT Multi-Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Research Fund 
-Putnam VT Small Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Voyager Fund 
Putnam Voyager Fund 

 

THE PUTNAM FUNDS, listed on Appendix A
 
 
By  /s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
  Name: Jonathan S. Horwitz 
  Title:  Executive Vice President, Principal 
    Executive Officer and Compliance Liaison 

 

10 

 



PUTNAM INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
 
 
By  /s/ Steven D. Krichmar
  Name: Steven D. Krichmar 
  Title:  President 
 
 
PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
 
 
By  /s/ James P. Pappas
  Name: James P. Pappas 
  Title:  Director of Trustee Relations and 
    Authorized Person 

 

11 

 

EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT 23 a_ssbsubacctgmod1.htm a_ssbsubacctgmod1.htm
EXECUTION COPY 

 

MASTER SUB-ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT 

 

This AGREEMENT is made as of January 1, 2007 by and between PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, having its principal place of business at 1 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (the “Administrator”), and STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, a Massachusetts trust company, having its principal place of business at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 (the "Sub-Accounting Agent").

WITNESSETH: 

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to various management or administration agreements (collectively, the “Administration Agreement”) by and between the Administrator and each management investment company party thereto (and each management investment company that becomes a party thereto), the Administrator has been retained to provide, and provides, certain fund accounting and recordkeeping services;

WHEREAS, the Administrator may contract, subcontract or otherwise arrange for the Sub-Accounting Agent’s provision of certain of the aforementioned services, including the fund accounting and recordkeeping services set forth below;

WHEREAS, the Administrator desires to retain the Sub-Accounting Agent to perform certain fund accounting and recordkeeping services with regard to each management investment company for which it provides fund accounting and recordkeeping services under the Administration Agreement, as more particularly identified on Appendix A hereto (each such management investment company and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 11.5 below shall hereinafter be referred to as a “Fund” and collectively as the “Funds”);

WHEREAS, each Fund is authorized to issue common stock or shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”), and some Funds are authorized to issue Shares in separate series, with each such series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets, as more particularly identified on Appendix A hereto (each such series and each series made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 11.6 below shall hereinafter be referred to as “Portfolio” with respect to that Fund, but for any Fund that does not have any separate series, then any reference to the “Portfolio” is a reference to that Fund; and

WHEREAS, the Sub-Accounting Agent is willing to perform such services upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:


SECTION 1. DUTIES OF THE SUB-ACCOUNTING AGENT.

SECTION 1.1 BOOKS OF ACCOUNT.

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall maintain the books of account of each Portfolio and shall perform the duties described in Appendix B in the manner prescribed by such Portfolio’s currently effective prospectus, statement of additional information or other governing document, certified copies of which have been supplied to the Sub-Accounting Agent (a "governing document").

The Administrator shall provide timely prior notice to the Sub-Accounting Agent of any modification in the manner in which calculations are to be performed as prescribed in any revision to such Portfolio’s governing document and shall supply the Sub-Accounting Agent with certified copies of all amendments and/or supplements to the governing documents in a timely manner. For purposes of calculating the net asset value of a Portfolio, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall value each Portfolio’s portfolio securities utilizing prices obtained from sources designated by the Administrator (collectively, the “Authorized Price Sources”) on a price source authorization substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, as the same may be amended from time to time, or otherwise designated by means of Proper Instructions (as such term is defined in Section 2.2 below) (the “Price Source Authorization”). The Sub-Accounting Agent shall not be responsible for any revisions to calculation methods unless such revisions are communicated in writing by the Administrator to the Sub-Accounting Agent.

SECTION 1.2 RECORDS.

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such a manner as will meet the obligations of the Administrator with respect to each Fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), specifically Section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the applicable Fund and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Sub-Accounting Agent be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of the applicable Fund and employees and agents of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Subject to Section 3 below, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall preserve for the period required by law the records required to be maintained thereunder.

The Administrator acknowledges that, in keeping the books of account of each Fund and/or making the calculations described herein with respect to Fund property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14), or purchased pursuant to Section 2.6(7) of such Fund’s custodial services agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Custody Contract”), if any, or pursuant to comparable provisions of other custodial services agreements applicable to the Fund, the Sub-Accounting Agent is authorized and instructed to rely upon information provided to it by such Fund, such Fund’s counterparty(ies), or the agents of either of them.

2. 

 



SECTION 1.3 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS.

The Sub-Accounting Agent may at its own expense employ one or more of its affiliates as agents in the performance of its duties and the exercise of its rights under this Agreement, provided that the employment of such agents shall not reduce the Sub-Accounting Agent’s obligations or liabilities hereunder.

SECTION 2. DUTIES OF THE ADMINISTRATOR.

SECTION 2.1 DELIVERY OF INFORMATION.

The Administrator shall provide, or shall cause a third party to provide, timely notice to the Sub-Accounting Agent of certain data as a condition to the Sub-Accounting Agent's performance described in Section 1 above. The data required to be provided pursuant to this section is set forth on Schedule A hereto, which schedule may be separately amended or supplemented by the parties from time to time.

The Sub-Accounting Agent is authorized and instructed to rely upon the information it receives from the Administrator or any third party designated by the Administrator to provide such information, including without limitation as set forth on Schedule A.

SECTION 2.2 PROPER INSTRUCTIONS.

The Administrator and any other person duly authorized by it shall communicate to the Sub-Accounting Agent by means of Proper Instructions. Proper Instructions shall mean (i) a writing signed or initialed by one or more persons as the Administrator shall have from time to time authorized in writing or (ii) communication effected directly between the Administrator or its third-party agents (each, a “Third Party Agent”) and the Sub-Accounting Agent by electro-mechanical or electronic devices, provided that the Administrator and the Sub-Accounting Agent agree to security procedures. The Sub-Accounting Agent may rely upon any Proper Instruction reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been properly issued by or on behalf of the Administrator. Oral instructions shall be considered Proper Instructions if the Sub-Accounting Agent reasonably believes them to have been given by a person authorized to give such instructions. The Administrator shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in accordance with clauses (i) or (ii) above, as appropriate. The Administrator shall give timely Proper Instructions to the Sub-Accounting Agent in regard to matters affecting accounting practices and the Sub-Accounting Agent's performance pursuant to this Agreement.

SECTION 3. STANDARD OF CARE; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall be held to the exercise of reasonable care in carrying out the provisions of this Agreement, but shall be kept indemnified by and shall be without liability to the Administrator for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith without negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, violation of law applicable to the Sub-Accounting Agent in its capacity as a fund accounting agent and that affects the Sub-Accounting Agent’s performance of the Services hereunder, or material breach of this Agreement (provided, however, that the Sub-

3. 

 



Accounting Agent shall have the opportunity to cure, within thirty (30) days of its receipt of written notice from the Administrator, solely those breaches capable of cure without material adverse impact to the Administrator, provided, in each such instance where the Sub-Accounting Agent is aware of an event related to such notice, the Sub-Accounting Agent had previously informed the Administrator promptly of such event; any such communication from the Sub-Accounting Agent to the Administrator shall not be used as or considered as an admission of fault and will be provided solely as an accommodation to the Administrator), including, without limitation, acting in accordance with any Proper Instruction. The Sub-Accounting Agent shall be entitled to rely on and may act upon the advice of counsel (who may be counsel for the Administrator or the Fund) on all matters, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice. Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall in no event be liable for any loss or damage to the extent arising from causes beyond its control including, without limitation, delay or cessation of services hereunder or any damages resulting therefrom as a result of work stoppage, power or other mechanical failure, natural disaster, governmental action, communication disruption or other impossibility of performance, or causes commonly referred to as “Acts of God”.

In the event of equipment failure, work stoppage, governmental action, communication disruption or other impossibility of performance beyond the Sub-Accounting Agent’s control, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall take reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions. The Sub-Accounting Agent shall enter into and shall maintain in effect with appropriate parties one or more agreements making reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to the Funds; and (ii) emergency use of electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement.

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) in any way due to the Administrator’s use of the accounting services or the performance of or failure to perform the Sub-Accounting Agent’s obligations under this Agreement. The Administrator shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) in any way due to the performance of or failure to perform the Administrator’s obligations under this Agreement. The aforementioned disclaimer applies without limitation to claims regardless of the form of action, whether in contract, tort (including negligence), strict liability or otherwise, and regardless of whether such damages are foreseeable.

The Administrator, any Third Party Agent or any Authorized Price Source from which the Sub-Accounting Agent shall receive or obtain certain records, reports and other data utilized or included in the sub-accounting services provided hereunder is solely responsible for the contents of such information including, without limitation, the accuracy thereof and the Administrator agrees to make no claim against the Sub-Accounting Agent arising out of the contents of such third-party data including, but not limited to, the accuracy thereof. Except as otherwise required by the Price Source Authorization with respect to the use of data obtained from Authorized Price Sources, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall have no responsibility to review, confirm or otherwise assume any duty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of any such information and, it shall be without liability for any loss or damage suffered as a result of the Sub-Accounting

4. 

 



Agent’s reliance on and utilization of such information. The Sub-Accounting Agent shall have no responsibility and shall be without liability for any loss or damage caused by the failure of the Administrator or any Third Party Agent to provide it with the information required by Section 2.1 above. Further, and without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall have no liability in respect of any loss, damage or expense suffered by the Administrator, any Fund or any third party, insofar as such loss, damage or expense arises from the performance of the Sub-Accounting Agent’s duties hereunder by reason of the Sub-Accounting Agent’s reliance upon records that were maintained for the Administrator or any Fund by any entity other than the Sub-Accounting Agent prior to the Administrator’s appointment of the Sub-Accounting Agent pursuant to this Agreement.

The Administrator agrees to indemnify and hold the Sub-Accounting Agent free and harmless from any expense, loss, damage or claim, including reasonable attorney's fees, suffered by the Sub-Accounting Agent and caused by or resulting from the acts or omissions of the Administrator or any third party whose services the Sub-Accounting Agent must rely upon in performing the services hereunder, except to the extent that any such expense, loss, damage or claim is caused by or results from the Sub-Accounting Agent’s own negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, violation of law applicable to the Sub-Accounting Agent in its capacity as a fund accounting agent and that affects the Sub-Accounting Agent’s performance of the Services hereunder, or material breach of this Agreement (provided, however, that the Sub-Accounting Agent shall have the opportunity to cure, within thirty (30) days of its receipt of written notice from the Administrator, solely those breaches capable of cure without material adverse impact to the Administrator, provided, in each such instance where the Sub-Accounting Agent is aware of an event related to such notice, the Sub-Accounting Agent had previously informed the Administrator promptly of such event; any such communication from the Sub-Accounting Agent to the Administrator shall not be used as or considered as an admission of fault and will be provided solely as an accommodation to the Administrator).

The Administrator acknowledges and agrees that, with respect to investments any Portfolio maintains with an entity which may from time to time act as a transfer agent for uncertificated shares of registered investment companies (the “Underlying Transfer Agent”), such Underlying Transfer Agent is the sole source of information on the number of shares held by it on behalf of a Portfolio and that the Sub-Accounting Agent has the right to rely on holdings information furnished by the Underlying Transfer Agent to the Sub-Accounting Agent in performing its duties under this Agreement.

SECTION 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

The Administrator represents and warrants to the Sub-Accounting Agent that:

(a) It is duly incorporated or organized, validly existing and in good standing in its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and is qualified to conduct its business in every jurisdiction where its business is conducted except where the failure to be so qualified would not have a material adverse affect on the Administrator;

5. 

 



(b) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, all documents and instruments to be delivered hereunder or thereunder and all transactions contemplated hereunder or thereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary action;

(c) The person executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to act on its behalf;

(d) This Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable agreement;

(e) It has obtained all authorizations, approvals and consents of any governmental body required in connection with this Agreement and all transactions contemplated hereunder and such authorizations are in full force and effect; and

(f) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions hereunder will not violate any agreement, law, ordinance, charter, by-law, rule or regulation applicable to it or to any Fund, or by which it or any Fund is bound or by which any of its or any Fund’s assets are affected. Further, the Administrator hereby acknowledges and agrees that it shall promptly notify the Sub-Accounting Agent of any statute, regulation, rule, or other regulatory requirement or policy governing the Administrator or the Funds, and any change thereto, which may affect the Sub-Accounting Agent’s responsibilities under this Agreement.

The Sub-Accounting Agent represents and warrants to the Administrator that:

(a) It is a Massachusetts trust company, duly organized and existing under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is qualified to conduct its business in every jurisdiction where its business is conducted except where the failure to be so qualified would not have a material adverse affect on the Sub-Accounting Agent;

(b) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, all documents and instruments to be delivered hereunder or thereunder and all transactions contemplated hereunder or thereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary action;

(c) The person executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to act on its behalf;

(d) This Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable agreement;

(e) It has obtained all authorizations, approvals and consents of any governmental body required in connection with this Agreement and all transactions contemplated hereunder and such authorizations are in full force and effect; and

(f) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions hereunder will not violate any agreement, law, ordinance, charter, by-law, rule or regulation applicable to it, or by which it is bound or by which any of its assets are affected. Further, the Sub-Accounting Agent hereby acknowledges and agrees that it shall promptly notify the Administrator of any statute, regulation, rule, or other regulatory requirement or policy governing the Sub-Accounting Agent,

6. 

 



and any change thereto, which may affect the Administrator’s responsibilities under this Agreement.

SECTION 5. COMPENSATION OF SUB-ACCOUNTING AGENT.

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as Sub-Accounting Agent, as agreed upon from time to time in writing between the Administrator and the Sub-Accounting Agent.

SECTION 6. TERM OF AGREEMENT.

(a) This Agreement shall become effective as of its execution and shall continue in full force and effect for an initial term of seven (7) years from the date hereof, and shall automatically renew for additional consecutive three (3) year terms, unless either party gives one hundred eighty (180) days’ prior written notice to the other of its intent not to renew. If this Agreement is terminated (the effective date of such termination being referred to as the “Termination Date”), the Sub-Accounting Agent shall, at the reasonable request of the Administrator, and subject to the consent of the Sub-Accounting Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), continue to provide services hereunder for a period (the “Extension Period”) not to exceed ninety (90) days from the Termination Date, and the compensation payable to the Sub-Accounting Agent for its services and expenses during such Extension Period shall not exceed one hundred and five percent (105%) (per annum) of the compensation last agreed upon by the Administrator and the Sub-Accounting Agent and in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date.

(b) In the event that the Agreement is terminated by the Administrator, other than for cause, either in its entirety, with respect to any particular Fund, or with respect to its applicability to any particular Portfolio, as may be applicable, prior to the five (5) year anniversary of the date hereof (the “Anniversary Date”), and the Sub-Accounting Agent has not terminated either this Agreement or any agreement pursuant to which the Sub-Accounting Agent provides custody services to the Funds, either in its entirety, with respect to such particular Fund, or with respect to its applicability to such particular Portfolio, as applicable, the Administrator shall pay to the Sub-Accounting Agent, in lieu of any other fees, expenses, termination penalties, damages or other amounts (except as identified in paragraph (c) below), an early termination fee equal to the present value, using a discount rate of seven percent (7%), compounded annually, of the remaining fees which would have been due by the Administrator to the Sub-Accounting Agent for Services provided to the Funds, to such particular Fund, or to such particular Portfolio, as applicable, for the period from the Termination Date until the Anniversary Date if the Agreement had not been terminated either in its entirety, with respect to such particular Fund, or with respect to its applicability to such particular Portfolio, as applicable (the “Remaining Fees”) which Remaining Fees shall be determined using the average monthly compensation for its services (prior to the application of any earnings credits) earned by the Sub-Accounting Agent hereunder with respect to all Funds, such particular Fund, or such particular Portfolio, as applicable, during the 12-month period (or if shorter, such lesser period of time) preceding such Termination Date (the “Early Termination Fee”).

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For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrator will not be required to make any such Early Termination Fee payment (other than as set forth in paragraph (e) below) if this Agreement is terminated on or after the Anniversary Date or by the Administrator for cause at any time.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (b) above, no Early Termination Fee shall be payable in the event (each, a “Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event”) that a Fund or Portfolio is

(i) liquidated; or

(ii) merged into or consolidated with another Fund or Portfolio with respect to which the Sub-Accounting Agent provides Services pursuant to this Agreement; or

(iii) merged into or consolidated with another investment company or series of an investment company (each series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets) with respect to which the Sub-Accounting Agent provides fund accounting services (either as an accounting agent or sub-accounting agent),

provided, that in each case of (i) and (ii) above, the aggregate amount of fees for fund accounting services provided by the Sub-Accounting Agent with respect to all Funds and Portfolios covered by this Agreement immediately after, and taking into consideration the effect of, such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event (the “Projected Fees”) shall be equal to or greater than the aggregate amount of fees for fund accounting services provided by the Sub-Accounting Agent pursuant to this Agreement, measured as of the date of this Agreement (the “Existing Fees”);

and further provided, that in each case of (iii) above, (A) the Projected Fees plus (B) the Incremental Fees (as defined below), shall be equal to or greater than the Existing Fees.

For purposes of this Section 6(c), the Projected Fees shall equal the fund accounting fees, with respect to such Funds and Portfolios subject to this Agreement immediately after such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event, projected to be earned by the Sub-Accounting Agent on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity.

For purposes of this Section 6(c), the Existing Fees shall equal the fund accounting fees, with respect to such Funds and Portfolios on the date of this Agreement, projected to be earned by the Sub-Accounting Agent on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity.

For purposes of this Section 6(c), the “Other Contract” shall mean a contractual arrangement pursuant to which the Sub-Accounting Agent provides fund accounting services that may not be terminated earlier than the Anniversary Date and whose fee schedule is fixed until the Anniversary Date.

For purposes of this Section 6(c), the “Incremental Fees” shall mean (A) the fund accounting fees with respect to fund accounting services under the Other Contract that are projected to be

8. 

 



earned by the Sub-Accounting Agent on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity, immediately after such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event, less (B) the fund accounting fees with respect to fund accounting services under the Other Contract that were projected to have been earned by the Sub-Accounting Agent on an annualized basis for the ensuing twelve-month period, with no adjustments for market fluctuations or subscription and redemption activity, immediately prior to such Liquidation, Merger or Consolidation Event.

(d) Upon any termination of this Agreement pursuant to paragraph (b) above, the Administrator shall pay to the Sub-Accounting Agent all accrued and unpaid fees and expenses, whether the same have been billed or remain unbilled, and shall reimburse Sub-Accounting Agent for any reasonable de-conversion costs associated with such termination.

(e) Notwithstanding any term herein to the contrary, termination of this Agreement with respect to the coverage of any one particular Fund or Portfolio shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund or Portfolio.

(f) Notwithstanding any term herein to the contrary, this Agreement may, at the sole option of the Sub-Accounting Agent, be terminated (in its entirety, with respect to any particular Fund, or with respect to its applicability to any particular Portfolio, as may be applicable) without prior notice by the Sub-Accounting Agent in the event of (i) any termination by a Fund of its custodial services agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (in each such case, in such agreement’s entirety, with respect to any particular Fund, or with respect to its applicability to any particular Portfolio, as may be applicable) or (ii) any termination of the Administration Agreement or the termination or resignation of the Administrator under the Administration Agreement (in each such case, in such agreement’s entirety, with respect to any particular Fund, or with respect to its applicability to any particular Portfolio, as may be applicable).

SECTION 7. SUCCESSOR AGENT.

If a successor fund accounting agent with respect to any Fund, or Portfolio thereof, shall be appointed by the Administrator, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall upon termination deliver to such successor agent at the office of the Sub-Accounting Agent all records of such Fund or Portfolio thereof, as applicable, held by it hereunder. If no such successor agent shall be appointed, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall have the right at its office to deliver such records to the Administrator.

SECTION 8. AUDIT RIGHTS; REPORTS TO ADMINISTRATOR BY INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

SECTION 8.1 AUDIT RIGHTS.

(a) To the extent required by applicable law, rule or regulation and upon request of the Administrator (which shall include reasonable advance notice), the Sub-Accounting Agent shall allow the Administrator’s regulators or supervisory authorities to perform periodic on-site audits as may be reasonably required to examine the Sub-Accounting Agent’s performance of the services contemplated by this Agreement (the “Services”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior

9. 

 



to the performance of any audits of the Sub-Accounting Agent’s performance of the Services, the Administrator will request that such regulator or supervisory authority to the extent possible shall coordinate such audit through the Sub-Accounting Agent’s primary regulator, the United States Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

(b) Upon request of the Administrator (which shall include reasonable advance notice), the Sub-Accounting Agent shall allow the Administrator and its auditors (including internal audit staff and external auditors) and compliance personnel to perform periodic on-site audits as may be reasonably required to examine the Sub-Accounting Agent’s performance of the Services.

(c) Notwithstanding the audit and inspection rights conferred by the foregoing sub-section, the Sub-Accounting Agent reserves the right to impose reasonable limitations on the number, frequency, timing and scope of audits and inspections requested by the Administrator so as to prevent or minimize any potential impairment or disruption of its operations, distraction of its personnel or breaches of security or confidentiality; provided, however, that the Sub-Accounting Agent may not limit the number, frequency or timing of audits and inspections by regulatory bodies with supervisory authority over the Administrator or by the Administrator resulting from a regulatory problem at the Sub-Accounting Agent and affecting the Sub-Accounting Agent’s ability to provide the Services hereunder or any material weakness or significant deficiency in the Sub-Accounting Agent’s internal controls. In addition, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall be entitled to impose a commercially reasonable per person hourly charge for the cooperation and assistance of its personnel in connection with any audit in excess of one (1) in any twelve (12) month period; provided, however, that no such charge may be imposed in connection with any audit or inspection by any regulatory body with supervisory authority over the Administrator or by the Administrator resulting from a regulatory problem at the Sub-Accounting Agent and affecting the Sub-Accounting Agent’s ability to provide the Services hereunder or any material weakness or significant deficiency in the Sub-Accounting Agent’s internal controls. Nothing contained in this section shall obligate the Sub-Accounting Agent to provide access to or otherwise disclose: (i) any information that is unrelated to the Administrator or the Funds and the provision of the Services to the Administrator; (ii) any information which is treated as confidential under the Sub-Accounting Agent’s corporate policies, including, without limitation, internal audit reports, compliance or risk management plans or reports, work papers and other reports and information relating to management functions; or (iii) any other documents, reports or other information that the Sub-Accounting Agent is obligated to maintain in confidence as a matter of law or regulation. In addition, any access provided hereunder to technology shall be limited to a demonstration by the Sub-Accounting Agent of the functionality thereof and a reasonable opportunity to communicate with the Sub-Accounting Agent personnel regarding such technology.

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SECTION 8.2 REPORTS TO ADMINISTRATOR BY INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall provide the Administrator, at such times as the Administrator may reasonably require, with reports by independent public accountants on the accounting system, internal accounting control and procedures relating to the services provided by the Sub-Accounting Agent under this Agreement; such reports shall be of sufficient scope and in sufficient detail as may reasonably be required by the Administrator to provide reasonable assurance that any material inadequacies would be disclosed by such examination, and, if there are no such inadequacies, the reports shall so state.

SECTION 8.3 ADDITIONAL SUB-CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTS

The Sub-Accounting Agent shall provide to the Administrator: (a) sub-certifications in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 certification requirements; and (b) periodic reports and reasonable documentation for delivery to the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer in connection with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to the Services and the Sub-Accounting Agent’s compliance with its operating policies and procedures related thereto.

SECTION 9. INCLUDED SERVICE ENHANCEMENTS.

If, in the ordinary course of its business, the Sub-Accounting Agent enhances core system processing functionality that it uses in connection with the Services, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall use such enhanced core system processing enhancements in performing the Services hereunder, at no additional charge to the Administrator, as soon as the Sub-Accounting Agent reasonably determines that such use is appropriate. To the extent the Sub-Accounting Agent reasonably determines that such enhanced core system processing enhancements are relevant to the Administrator’s receipt of the Services, the Sub-Accounting Agent shall inform the Administrator of such core system processing enhancements.

SECTION 10. CONFIDENTIALITY.

Each party hereto agrees that it shall treat as confidential all information provided by the other party (the “Disclosing Party”) to such party (the “Recipient”) or to which the Recipient obtains access and that relates to the Disclosing Party, including information regarding its business, financial affairs, operations or otherwise, including without limitation, securities holdings and trading information of a Portfolio or Fund (“Confidential Information”). In maintaining the confidentiality of the Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party, each Recipient shall exercise the same degree of care that such person exercises with respect to its own Confidential Information of a similar nature, including the use of customary data protection procedures, and in no event less than a reasonable degree of care. All Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party shall be used by the Recipient solely for the purpose of rendering or receiving services pursuant to this Agreement and shall not be disclosed to any party other than such Recipient’s (i) employees and contractors who have a need-to-know for purposes of performing such Recipient’s obligations under this Agreement, provided, that, such persons and entities are bound by confidentiality provisions at least as stringent as those contained herein, (ii) regulators or examiners, and (iii) auditors and legal counsel, to the extent required in connection with services provided by such parties to Recipient.

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The Recipient shall notify the Disclosing Party of any unauthorized use or disclosure of Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party of which the Recipient becomes aware. The parties agree that disclosure of Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party may give rise to an irreparable injury to such Disclosing Party inadequately compensable in damages. Accordingly, the Disclosing Party may seek (without the posting of any bond or other security) injunctive relief against the breach of the foregoing undertaking of confidentiality and nondisclosure, in addition to any other legal remedies which may be available.

The foregoing obligations of confidentiality and non-disclosure shall not be applicable to any information that the Recipient demonstrates (i) is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through disclosure by the Recipient or any of its affiliates, or that is independently derived by the Recipient without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party, (ii) that is required in any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, or by operation of law or regulation (collectively, “Legal Process”), or (iii) where the Recipient has received the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party. In the event that a Recipient is requested by or pursuant to, or required by, Legal Process to disclose any Confidential Information of any other party to this Agreement, such Recipient will, to the extent not legally prohibited, provide the Disclosing Party with prompt notice of such Legal Process in order to enable the Disclosing Party, at its own expense, to seek an appropriate protective order or other remedy (and, if the Disclosing Party seeks such order, the Recipient will provide such cooperation as the Disclosing Party shall reasonably request at the Disclosing Party’s expense) to resist or narrow the scope of such request or legal process, or waive compliance, in whole or in part, with the terms of this Section 10. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or the Disclosing Party waives such compliance, only that portion of the Confidential Information may be disclosed as the Recipient, as advised by counsel, is legally required to disclose and the Recipient will request that all such Confidential Information so disclosed will be accorded confidential treatment. Confidential Information disclosed in combination with other information that is not Confidential Information is not deemed to fall within one of the foregoing exceptions by reason of such combination.

Furthermore, and notwithstanding anything in this section to the contrary, the Sub-Accounting Agent may aggregate Fund or Portfolio data with similar data of other customers of the Sub-Accounting Agent (“Aggregated Data”) and may use Aggregated Data for purposes of constructing statistical models so long as such Aggregated Data represents a sufficiently large sample that no Fund or Portfolio data can be identified either directly or by inference or implication.

All of the undertakings and obligations relating to confidentiality and nondisclosure, whether contained in this Section or elsewhere in this Agreement or any schedule or exhibit hereto shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement for a period of three (3) years.

SECTION 11. GENERAL.

SECTION 11.1 MASSACHUSETTS LAW TO APPLY. This Agreement shall be governed by, construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts excluding that body of law applicable to conflicts of law.

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SECTION 11.2 PRIOR AGREEMENTS. This Agreement supersedes and terminates, as of the date hereof, any prior agreements between the Administrator and the Sub-Accounting Agent relating to fund accounting and recordkeeping services regarding each Fund.

SECTION 11.3 ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) the Administrator without the prior written consent of the Sub-Accounting Agent or (b) by the Sub-Accounting Agent without the prior written consent of the Administrator, except that either party may, without such prior consent, assign to an entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with such party or to a successor of all of or a substantial portion of its business; however, such assignment shall not relieve the assigning party of its responsibilities hereunder.

SECTION 11.4 INTERPRETIVE AND ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS. In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Sub-Accounting Agent and the Administrator may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in a writing signed by all parties and shall be annexed hereto, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable federal or state regulations or any provision of a Fund’s governing documents. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Agreement.

SECTION 11.5 ADDITIONAL FUNDS. In the event that the Administrator desires to have the Sub-Accounting Agent render services hereunder with respect to any management investment company in addition to those listed on Appendix A hereto, it shall so notify the Sub-Accounting Agent in writing, and if the Sub-Accounting Agent agrees in writing to provide such services, such management investment company shall become a Fund hereunder and the Sub-Accounting Agent and the Administrator shall be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof with respect to such Fund.

SECTION 11.6 ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIOS. In the event that any Fund establishes one or more series of Shares in addition to those set forth on Appendix A hereto with respect to which the Administrator desires to have the Sub-Accounting Agent render services as sub-accounting agent under the terms hereof, the Administrator shall so notify the Sub-Accounting Agent in writing, and if the Sub-Accounting Agent agrees in writing to provide such services, such series of Shares shall become a Portfolio hereunder and the Sub-Accounting Agent and the Administrator shall be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof with respect to such Portfolio.

SECTION 11.7 REMOTE ACCESS SERVICES ADDENDUM. The Administrator and the Sub-Accounting Agent hereby agree to the terms of the Remote Access Services Addendum hereto.

SECTION 11.8 AMENDMENTS. This Agreement may be modified or amended from time to time only by mutual written agreement of the parties hereto.

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SECTION 11.9 NOTICES. Any notice, instruction or other instrument required to be given hereunder may be delivered in person to the offices of the parties as set forth herein during normal business hours or delivered prepaid registered mail, overnight courier or by telex, cable or telecopy to the parties at the following addresses or such other addresses as may be notified by any party from time to time.

To the Administrator:  PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC 
1 Post Office Square 
  Boston, Massachusetts 02109 
  Attention: Susan G. Malloy, Managing Director 
  Telephone: 617-760-5050 
 
with a copy to:  PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC 
1 Post Office Square 
  Boston, Massachusetts 02109 
  Francis J. McNamara, III, Senior Managing Director and 
  General Counsel 
  Telephone: 617-760-1722 
 
To the Sub-Accounting Agent:  STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY 
  Lafayette Corporate Center 
2 Avenue de Lafayette 
  Boston, Massachusetts 02111 
  Attention: Robert F. Dame, Senior Vice President 
  Telephone: 617-662-4036 
  Telecopy: 617-662-4040 

 

Such notice, instruction or other instrument shall be deemed to have been served in the case of a registered letter at the expiration of five business days after posting, in the case of overnight courier, upon receipt, in the case of cable twenty-four hours after dispatch and, in the case of telex or telecopy, immediately on dispatch and if delivered by cable, telex or telecopy outside normal business hours it shall be deemed to have been received at the next time after delivery when normal business hours commence. Evidence that the notice was properly addressed, stamped and put into the post shall be conclusive evidence of posting.

SECTION 11.10 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

SECTION 11.11 SEVERABILITY; WAIVER. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired. The failure of a party hereto to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion or the failure of a party hereto to exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any such term, right or remedy or a waiver of any other rights or

14. 

 



remedies and no single or partial exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement shall prevent any further exercise of the right or remedy or the exercise of any other right or remedy.

SECTION 11.12 REPRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS. This Agreement and all schedules, addenda, exhibits, appendices, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. The parties hereto all/each agree that any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and that any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 

15. 

 



SIGNATURE PAGE 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this instrument to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative under seal as of the date first above written.

SIGNATURE ATTESTED TO BY:  PUTNAM INVESTMENT
  MANAGEMENT, LLC  
 
 
 
By: Robert T. Burns________________ By: Steven D. Krichmar_____________
Robert T. Burns  Steven D. Krichmar   
Managing Director  Chief of Operations, Senior 
  Managing Director   
 
 
SIGNATURE ATTESTED TO BY:  STATESTREETBANKAND
  TRUST COMPANY
 
 
 
By: Stephanie L. Poster______________ By: Joseph L. Hooley________________
Stephanie L. Poster  Joseph L. Hooley   
Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel  Executive Vice President 

 



APPENDIX A 
TO 
MASTER ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT
 
As amended as of March 23, 2015 
 
Putnam American Government Income Fund 
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds 
-Balanced Portfolio 
-Conservative Portfolio 
-Growth Portfolio 
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Convertible Securities Fund 
Putnam Diversified Income Trust 
Putnam Equity Income Fund 
Putnam Europe Equity Fund 
Putnam Funds Trust 
- Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund 
- Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund 
- Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund 
- Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund 
- Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund 
- Putnam Asset Allocation: Equity Portfolio 
- Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund 
- Putnam Dynamic Risk Allocation Fund 
- Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund 
- Putnam Emerging Markets Income Fund 
- Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund 
- Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund 
- Putnam Global Consumer Fund 
- Putnam Global Dividend Fund 
- Putnam Global Energy Fund 
- Putnam Global Financials Fund 
- Putnam Global Industrials Fund 
- Putnam Global Sector Fund 
- Putnam Global Technology Fund 
- Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund 
- Putnam Intermediate-Term Municipal Fund 
- Putnam International Value Fund 
- Putnam Low Volatility Equity Fund 
- Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund 
- Putnam Mortgage Opportunities Fund 
- Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund 
- Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 2 
- Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 3 

 



- Putnam Short Duration Income Fund 
- Putnam Short Term Investment Fund 
- Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund 
- Putnam Small Cap Growth Fund 
- Putnam Strategic Volatility Equity Fund
George Putnam Balanced Fund 
Putnam Global Equity Fund 
Putnam Global Health Care Fund 
Putnam Global Income Trust 
Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund 
Putnam Global Utilities Fund 
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income 
Putnam High Income Securities Fund 
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund 
Putnam High Yield Trust 
Putnam Income Fund 
Putnam International Equity Fund 
Putnam Investment Funds 
-Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam Growth Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund 
-Putnam International Growth Fund 
-Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam Research Fund 
-Putnam Small Cap Value Fund 
Putnam Investors Fund 
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust 
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust 
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Money Market Fund 
Putnam Mortgage Recovery Fund 
Putnam Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust 
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Premier Income Trust 
Putnam RetirementReady® Funds 
-Putnam Retirement Income Fund Lifestyle 1 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2055 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2050 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2045 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2040 Fund 

 



-Putnam RetirementReady 2035 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2030 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2025 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2020 Fund 
-Putnam RetirementReady 2015 Fund 
 
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund 
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund 
Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust 
-Putnam AMT-Free Municipal Fund 
-Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund 
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust 
Putnam Variable Trust 
-Putnam VT Absolute Return 500 Fund 
-Putnam VT American Government Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Capital Opportunities Fund
-Putnam VT Diversified Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Equity Income Fund 
-Putnam VT George Putnam Balanced Fund
-Putnam VT Global Asset Allocation Fund
-Putnam VT Global Equity Fund 
-Putnam VT Global Health Care Fund 
-Putnam VT Global Utilities Fund 
-Putnam VT Growth and Income Fund 
-Putnam VT Growth Opportunities Fund
-Putnam VT High Yield Fund 
-Putnam VT Income Fund 
-Putnam VT International Equity Fund 
-Putnam VT International Value Fund 
-Putnam VT International Growth Fund 
-Putnam VT Investors Fund 
-Putnam VT Money Market Fund 
-Putnam VT Multi-Cap Growth Fund 
-Putnam VT Multi-Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Research Fund 
-Putnam VT Small Cap Value Fund 
-Putnam VT Voyager Fund 
Putnam Voyager Fund 
 
 
3-23-2015 

 



APPENDIX B 
TO
MASTER ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT
 
DUTIES OF SUB-ACCOUNTING AGENT* 

 

(i) Record each Portfolio’s investment, capital share and income and expense activities;

(ii) Establish amortization calculations in accordance with Administrator’s amortization authorizations;

(iii) Maintain ledgers for investment securities;

(iv) Maintain historical tax lots for each security;

(v) Reconcile cash and investment balances to the custodian’s records;

(vi) Post entries to and prepare each Portfolio’s daily trial balance;

(vii) Calculate fee-based expenses and set-up expense accruals;

(viii) Calculate capital gains and losses;

(ix) Calculate net income of each Portfolio;

(x) Pursuant to Price Source Authorization duly executed by Administrator, receive quotes regarding portfolio investments;

(xi) Compute the net asset value (“NAV”) of each Portfolio daily;

(xii) Disseminate NAV, distribution and other Portfolio data as authorized by Administrator;

(xiii) Compute each Portfolio’s yield and, if required by Administrator, portfolio average dollar-weighted maturity;

(xiv) For multi-managed Portfolios, calculate NAV and maintain books, ledgers, and capital at manager level (none of which in the capacity of an official book or recordkeeper);

(xv) Maintain a separate portfolio to calculate a tax basis for each Portfolio’s investments, as directed by Administrator (not in the capacity of an official book or recordkeeper);

(xvi) Prepare a monthly proof package of accounting reports mutually agreed upon, including, as applicable, the following:

Account Position Appraisal (details holdings, shares, value)
Trial balance reflecting all “as of” activity
Capital Stock Roll-forward
Base Equivalent Cash Statement
Detail Gains and Loss report
Cost of securities held
Accretion and amortization of cost
Open Trades



Forward contracts and swap receivables and payables
Income
Distributions
Paid In Capital
Unrealized Gains and Losses
Cost Roll Forward
Interest-only yield and impairment spreadsheets
Cash to Custodian reconciliations, as may be applicable;

(xvii) Prepare and transmit to Administrator, or such other entities or persons as the Administrator may instruct from time to time, such quarterly reports of Portfolio data as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto; and

(xviii) Daily portfolio reconciliation for attribution and performance.

* Details with respect to such duties may be set forth in mutually acceptable service level documents.



EXHIBIT A 
TO
MASTER ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT
 
Form of Price Source Authorization 

 



SCHEDULE A 
TO
MASTER ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT
 
 
INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE SUPPLIED RESPONSIBLE PARTY
  
Portfolio Trade Authorizations  Investment Adviser 
Currency Transactions  Investment Adviser 
Cash Transaction Report  Custodian 
Portfolio Prices  Third Party Vendors/Investment Adviser 
Exchange Rates  Third Party Vendors/Investment Adviser 
Capital Stock Activity Report  Transfer Agent 
Dividend/Distribution Schedule  Investment Adviser 
Dividend/Distribution Declaration  Investment Adviser 
Dividend Reconciliation/Confirmation  Transfer Agent 
Corporate Actions  Third Party Vendors/Custodian 
Service Provider Fee Schedules  Investment Adviser 
Expense Budget  Investment Adviser/Administrator 
Amortization Policy  Investment Adviser 
Accounting Policy/Complex Investments  Investment Adviser 
Audit Management Letter  Auditor 
Annual Shareholder Letter  Investment Adviser 
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports  Investment Adviser/Administrator 

 

EX-99.M 12B-1 PLAN 24 a_nf52amod1.htm a_nf52amod1.htm

Schedule of Dealer Service Agreements
1ST DISCOUNT BROKERAGE, INC.
1ST GLOBAL CAPITAL CORP.
A. P. SECURITIES, INC.
A.G. QUINTAL INVESTMENT COMPANY INC.
AARON CAPITAL INCORPORATED
ABACUS INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL CORP.
ABACUS INVESTMENTS, INC
ABEL/NOSER CORP.
ABRAMSON FINANCIAL, LLC
ACA/PRUDENT INVESTORS PLANNING
ACAP FINANCIAL INC.
ACCELERATED CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
ACCESS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
ACCESS INVESTMENTS, INC
ACE DIVERSIFIED CAPITAL, INC.
ACP SECURITIES, LLC
ACTINVER SECURITIES, INC.
ADCAP SECURITIES LLC
ADIRONDACK TRADING GROUP LLC
ADP BROKER-DEALER, INC.
ADVANCE CAPITAL SERVICES, INC.
ADVANCED ADVISOR GROUP, LLC
ADVISORS CLEARING NETWORK, INC.
ADVISORY GROUP EQUITY SERVICES LTD.
AEGIS CAPITAL CORP.
AEGIS INVESTMENTS, INC.
AK CAPITAL LLC
AKAR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
ALAMO CAPITAL
ALEXANDER CAPITAL, L.P.
ALEXANDER INVESTMENT SERVICES CO.
ALLEGHENY INVESTMENTS, LTD.
ALLEGIANCE CAPITAL LLC
ALLEGIS INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
ALLEN & COMPANY OF FLORIDA, INC.
ALLEN C. EWING & CO.
ALLEN, MOONEY & BARNES BROKERAGE SVCS
ALLIANCE ADVISORY & SECURITIES, INC.
ALLIANCE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
ALLIANT SECURITIES, INC. TURNER, NORD,
ALLIED ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
ALLISON-WILLIAMS COMPANY
ALMAX FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, LLC
ALPINE SECURITIES CORPORATION
ALTON SECURITIES GROUP INC.
AMEGY INVESTMENTS, INC.
AMERICA NORTHCOAST SECURITIES, INC.


AMERICAN CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
AMERICAN DIVERSIFIED FINANCIAL GROUP LLC
AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT CORPORATION
AMERICAN FINANCIAL ASSOCIATES, INC.
AMERICAN FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN FUNDS & TRUSTS INCORPORATED
AMERICAN HERITAGE SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN INDEPENDENT SECURITIES GROUP,
AMERICAN INVESTORS CO
AMERICAN INVESTORS GROUP, INC.
AMERICAN MUNICIPAL SECURITIES, INC.
AMERICAN NETWORK SECURITIES CORP.
AMERICAN PORTFOLIOS FINANCIAL SERVICES,
AMERICAN TRUST INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
AMERICAN WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC.
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
AMERITAS INVESTMENT CORP
AMERIVET SECURITIES, INC.
ANDREW GARRETT INC.
ANOVEST FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
AON BENFIELD SECURITIES, INC.
AOS, INC.
APEX CLEARING CORPORATION
ARBOR COURT CAPITAL, LLC
ARETE WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC
ARIVE CAPITAL MARKETS
ARLINGTON SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
ARQUE CAPITAL, LTD.
ARVEST INVESTMENTS, INC.
ASHTON YOUNG, INC.
ASIA PACIFIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT GROUP,
ASPEN EQUITY PARTNERS, LLC
ASSOCIATED INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
ATIS, INC
ATLANTIC SECURITIES, INC.
AUFHAUSER SECURITIES, INC.
AURORA FINANCIAL
AURORA SECURITIES
AUSDAL FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC.
AVALON INVESTMENT & SECURITIES GROUP,
AVENTURA SECURITIES, LLC
AVISEN SECURITIES, INC.
AVONDALE PARTNERS, LLC
AXA ADVISORS, LLC
AXIOM CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
B. C. ZIEGLER AND COMPANY
B.B. GRAHAM & COMPANY, INC.


BAIRD, PATRICK & CO., INC.
BAKER & COMPANY
BAKER TILLY CAPITAL, LLC
BALLEW INVESTMENTS, INC.
BANK OF AMERICA NT & SA
BANKERS & INVESTORS CO.
BARCLAYS CAPITAL INC.
BARRETT & COMPANY, INC.
BARRINGTON RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
BATES SECURITIES, INC.
BAY MUTUAL FINANCIAL, LLC
BB&T SECURITIES, LLC
BCG SECURITIES, INC.
BEACONSFIELD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
BEAR STEARNS SECURITIES CORP
BEARD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
BEDMINSTER FINANCIAL GROUP, LIMITED
BENCHMARK INVESTMENTS, INC.
BENJAMIN F. EDWARDS & COMPANY, INC.
BENJAMIN SECURITIES, INC.
BERGHOFF & COMPANY, INC.
BERNARD HEROLD & CO., INC.
BERNARDI SECURITIES, INC.
BERTHEL, FISHER & CO FINANCIAL SERVICES,
BESTVEST INVESTMENTS, LTD.
BFT FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
BILL FEW SECURITIES, INC.
BISHOP, ROSEN & CO., INC.
BLACK OAK SECURITIES, INC.
BLAKESLEE AND BLAKESLEE INC.
BLEY INVESTMENTS GROUP, INC.
BLUE CREEK SECURITIES INC
BMO HARRIS FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
BNP PARIBAS SECURITIES CORP.
BODELL OVERCASH ANDERSON & CO., INC.
BOENNING & SCATTERGOOD, INC.
BOLTON GLOBAL CAPITAL
BORNHOFT GROUP
BPU INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
BRANDON INVESTMENTS, INC.
BRANDT, KELLY & SIMMONS SECURITIES, LLC
BRAZOS SECURITIES, INC.
BRIGHTON SECURITIES CORP.
BRILL SECURITIES, INC.
BRINKER CAPITAL
BRISTOL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC
BROKER DEALER FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP.
BROKERAGESELECT


BROKERS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
BROOKLIGHT PLACE SECURITIES, INC.
BROWN ASSOCIATES, INC.
BROWN, LISLE/CUMMINGS, INC.
BRYAN FUNDING, INC.
BTS SECURITIES CORPORATION
BUCK KWASHA SECURITIES LLC
BUCKMAN, BUCKMAN & REID, INC.
BUCKRAM SECURITIES LTD
BUELL SECURITIES CORP.
BURKE, LAWTON, BREWER & BURKE, LLC
BUTTONWOOD PARTNERS, INC.
C A BOTZUM & CO.
C C F INVESTMENTS, INC.
C R I SECURITIES
C. G. MENK & ASSOCIATES, INC.
C. R. DAVIS & COMPANY
CABOT LODGE SECURITIES LLC
CADARET, GRANT & CO., INC.
CALDWELL INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES
CALDWELL SECURITIES, INC
CALLAWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CALTON & ASSOCIATES, INC.
CAMBRIDGE INVESTMENT RESEARCH, INC.
CAMDEN FINANCIAL SERVICES
CANTELLA & CO., INC.
CANTONE RESARCH INC.
CAPE FEAR SECURITIES, INC.
CAPE SECURITIES INC.
CAPFINANCIAL SECURITIES, LLC.
CAPITAL BROKERAGE CORPORATION
CAPITAL CITY SECURITIES, LLC
CAPITAL DIRECTIONS, INC.
CAPITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CAPITAL GUARDIAN, LLC
CAPITAL INVESTMENT BROKERAGE, INC.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT SECURITIES, INC.
CAPITAL ONE INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
CAPITAL PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT, INC.
CAPITAL RESEARCH BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
CAPITAL SECURITIES INVESTMENT
CAPITAL SYNERGY PARTNERS
CAPITOL SECURITIES MANAGEMENT, INC.
CAPROCK SECURITIES, INC.
CARDINAL INVESTMENTS, INC.
CAREY, THOMAS, HOOVER, & BREAULT, INC.
CARL M HENNIG & CO


CARL P. SHERR & CO., LLC
CARTER, TERRY & COMPANY, INC.
CARTHAGE GROUP INC.
CARTY & COMPANY, INC.
CARY STREET PARTNERS LLC
CASCADE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CASCADE INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
CASTLE HILL CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.
CBIZ FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
CCO INVESTMENT SERVICES CORP.
CELADON FINANCIAL GROUP LLC
CENTARA CAPITAL SECURITIES, INC.
CENTAURUS FINANCIAL, INC.
CENTENNIAL SECURITIES COMPANY, INC.
CENTER STREET SECURITIES, INC.
CENTERRE CAPITAL LLC
CENTRAL STATES CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
CEROS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CERTUSSECURITIES, INC.
CETERA ADVISOR NETWORKS LLC
CETERA ADVISORS LLC
CETERA FINANCIAL SPECIALISTS LLC
CETERA INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
CFD INVESTMENTS, INC.
CFS SECURITIES, INC.
CHAMPION CAPITAL CORPORATION
CHAPIN DAVIS, INC.
CHARLES JORDAN & CO., LLC
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC.
CHAUNER SECURITIES, INC.
CHELSEA FINANCIAL SERVICES
CHESTER HARRIS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED
CHURCH, GREGORY, ADAMS SECURITIES
CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
CITY NATIONAL SECURITIES, INC.
CITY SECURITIES CORPORATION
CLARK DODGE & CO., INC.
CLARK NOBIL & COMPANY
CLARK SECURITIES, INC.
CLARY INVESTMENT AND INSURANCE PLANNING
CLASSIC, LLC
CLEARY GULL INC.
CLIENT ONE SECURITIES LLC
CLINGER & CO., INC.
CNA INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
CNS SECURITIES, LLC
COASTAL EQUITIES, INC.
COBURN & MEREDITH, INC.


COKER & PALMER, INC.
COLONIAL SECURITIES, INC.
COLONY PARK FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC.
COLORADO FINANCIAL SERVICE CORPORATION
COMERICA SECURITIES,INC.
COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL NETWORK
COMMUNITYAMERICA FIN SOLUTIONS, LLC
COMPASS SECURITIES CORPORATION
COMPREHENSIVE ASSET MGMT AND SERVICING
CONCORDE INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
CONFIDENTIAL MGMT FINANCIAL SERVICES,
CONNERS & CO., INC.
CONOVER SECURITIES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SECURITIES
CONSTELLATION WEALTH ADVISORS LLC
CONTINENTAL INVESTORS SERVICES, INC.
COOMBE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC
COOPER MALONE MCCLAIN, INC.
COORDINATED CAPITAL SECURITIES, INC.
COR CLEARING LLC
CORECAP INVESTMENTS, INC
CORINTHIAN PARTNERS, L.L.C.
CORNERSTONE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CORPORATE INVESTMENTS GROUP, INC.
CORRELL CO. INVESTMENT SERVICES CORP.
COSSE' INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES, INC.
COUGHLIN & COMPANY INC.
COUNTRY CLUB FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
CP CAPITAL SECURITIES, INC.
CRAIG-HALLUM CAPITAL GROUP LLC
CREATIVE RESOURCES BROKER SERVICES, LLC
CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC
CRESAP, INC.
CRESCENT SECURITIES GROUP, INC.
CRESSMAN ESSER SECURITIES, INC.
CREWS & ASSOCIATES, INC.
CROWN CAPITAL SECURITIES, L.P.
CUNA BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
CURBSTONE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CURREN & COMPANY
CUSO FINANCIAL SERVICES, L.P.
CUTTER AND COMPANY BROKERAGE, INC.
CV BROKERAGE, INC
CW SECURITIES, LLC
D. B. MCKENNA & CO., INC.
D.A. DAVIDSON & CO.


D.H. HILL SECURITIES, LLLP
D.M. KELLY & COMPANY
DALTON STRATEGIC INVESTMENT SERVICES
DART, PAPESH & COMPANY, INCORPORATED
DARWOOD ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED
DAUTRICH, SEILER FINANCIAL SERVICES,
DAVENPORT & COMPANY LLC
DAVID A. NOYES & COMPANY
DAVID HARRIS & CO., INC.
DAVID LERNER ASSOCIATES, INC.
DAVINCI CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC.
DAWSON JAMES SECURITIES, INC.
DEAWM DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
DELTA TRUST INVESTMENTS, INC.
DEMPSEY FINANCIAL NETWORK, INC.
DEMPSEY LORD SMITH, LLC
DESPAIN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
DESTINY CAPITAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
DETWILER FENTON & CO.
DETWILER FENTON WEALTH MANAGEMENT INC
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
DEVENIR, LLC
DFP EQUITIES, INC.
DFPG INVESTMENTS, INC.
DIAMANT INVESTMENT CORPORATION
DILLON - GAGE SECURITIES, INC.
DINOSAUR SECURITIES, L.L.C.
DIVERSIFIED CAPITAL CORPORATION
DIVERSIFIED RESOURCES, LLC
DIVERSIFIED SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
DMG SECURITIES,INC.
DOMINICK & DOMINICK LLC
DOMINION INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
DON ALEXANDER INVESTMENTS, INC.
DONEGAL SECURITIES, INC.
DORN & CO., INC.
DORSEY & COMPANY, INC.
DOUBLE EAGLE SECURITIES OF AMERICA, INC
DOUGHERTY & COMPANY LLC
DP ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
DUNCAN-WILLIAMS, INC
DUNDEE SECURITIES INC.
DYNASTY CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.
E*TRADE CLEARING, LLC
E. E. POWELL & COMPANY INC.
E.S. FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
EAGLE EQUITIES, INC.
EAGLE LEDGE CAPITAL, LLC


EAGLEVIEW SECURITIES, INC
EARLYBIRDCAPITAL, INC.
EASTERN POINT SECURITIES, INC.
EBH SECURITIES, INC.
ECM SECURITIES CORP.
ECONOMY SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
EDI FINANCIAL, INC.
EDWARD JONES
EDWIN C. BLITZ INVESTMENTS, INC
EFC FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
EK RILEY INVESTMENTS, LLC
ELE WEALTH ADVISORS, INC.
ELISH & ELISH INC.
EMERGENT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
EMERGING GROWTH EQUITIES, LTD.
EMERSON EQUITY LLC
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
ENSEMBLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ENVOY SECURITIES, LLC
EQUABLE SECURITIES CORPORATION
EQUINOX SECURITIES, INC.
EQUITY INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC
EQUITY SERVICES, INC.
ESPOSITO SECURITIES, LLC
ESSEX FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ESSEX NATIONAL SECURITIES, LLC
ESSEX SECURITIES LLC
ETC BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
EURO PACIFIC CAPITAL, INC.
E-W INVESTMENTS, INC.
EXCEL SECURITIES & ASSOCIATES, INC
FAIRPORT CAPITAL, INC.
FAMILY INVESTORS COMPANY
FAMILY MANAGEMENT SECURITIES, LLC
FARMERS FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, LLC
FAS CORP.
FB EQUITY SALES CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN
FBT INVESTMENTS, INC.
FCG ADVISORS, LLC
FEDERATED SECURITIES, INC.
FELDSTEIN FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
FELTL & COMPANY
FENWICK SECURITIES, INC.
FIDUCIARY ADVISORS, LLC
FIELDPOINT PRIVATE SECURITIES LLC
FINANCE 500, INC
FINANCIAL AMERICA SECURITIES, INC.
FINANCIAL NORTHEASTERN SECURITIES, INC


FINANCIAL PLANNING CONSULTANTS, INC
FINANCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT,
FINANCIAL SERVICES INTERNATIONAL CORP
FINANCIAL TELESIS
FINANCIAL WEST GROUP
FINTEGRA, LLC
FINTRUST BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
FIRST ALLIED SECURITIES, INC
FIRST AMERICAN SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST ASSET FINANCIAL INC
FIRST BANKERS' BANC SECURITIES, INC
FIRST BROKERAGE AMERICA, L.L.C
FIRST CANTERBURY SECURITIES, INC
FIRST CITIZENS FINANCIAL PLUS, INC.
FIRST CITIZENS INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
FIRST CITIZENS SECURITIES CORPORATION
FIRST CLEARING, LLC
FIRST COMMAND FINANCIAL PLANNING, INC.
FIRST DALLAS SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST EMPIRE SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST FINANCIAL EQUITY CORPORATION
FIRST FINANCIAL SECURITIES OF AMERICA,
FIRST GEORGETOWN SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST HEARTLAND CAPITAL, INC
FIRST HONOLULU SECURITIES, INC
FIRST INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES,
FIRST INVESTORS CORPORATION
FIRST KENTUCKY SECURITIES CORPORATION
FIRST LIBERTIES SECURITIES, INC
FIRST MANHATTAN CO
FIRST MIDWEST SECURITIES, INC
FIRST NATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.
FIRST REPUBLIC SECURITIES COMPANY, LLC
FIRST SAVINGS SECURITIES, INC.
FIRST SOUTHEAST INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
FIRST STATE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
FIRST WESTERN ADVISORS
FIRST WESTERN SECURITIES, INC.
FIRSTRADE SECURITIES INC.
FLORIDA ATLANTIC SECURITIES CORP
FMN CAPITAL CORPORATION
FMSBONDS, INC
FNBB CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
FOLGER NOLAN FLEMING DOUGLAS
FOLIOFN INVESTMENTS, INC
FOOTHILL SECURITIES, INC
FORDHAM FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC
FORESIGHT INVESTMENTS, LLC


FOREST SECURITIES,INC
FORESTERS EQUITY SERVICES, INC
FORTUNE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC
FOUNDERS FINANCIAL SECURITIES LLC
FOURTH STREET FINANCIAL GROUP, INC
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FINANCIAL SERVICES
FREEDOM INVESTORS CORP
FREIMARK BLAIR & COMPANY, INC
FROST BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
FSB PREMIER WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC.
FSC SECURITIES CORPORATION
FTB ADVISORS, INC
FULCRUM SECURITIES, LLC
FUND INVESTORS, INC
G - W BROKERAGE GROUP, INC.
G. A. REPPLE & COMPANY
G.F. INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
G.L.S. & ASSOCIATES, INC
G.RESEARCH, INC
GAGE-WILEY & CO., INC
GARDEN STATE SECURITIES, INC.
GARDNER FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
GARY GOLDBERG & CO., INC.
GATEWAY FINANCIAL AGENCY CORPORATION
GBS RETIREMENT SERVICES, INC
GENEOS WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC
GENERAL SECURITIES CORP
GEORGE K. BAUM & COMPANY
GERSON, HOROWITZ, GREEN SECURITIES CORP
GFA SECURITIES, LLC
GILFORD SECURITIES INCORPORATED
GILL CAPITAL PARTNERS
GIRARD SECURITIES, INC.
GLADOWSKY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CORP.
GLEN EAGLE ADVISORS LLC
GLOBAL BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
GLOBAL INVESTOR SERVICES, L.C
GLOBAL MARKETS, LLC
GLOBALINK SECURITIES, INC.
GLP INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
GOELZER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC
GOLD COAST SECURITIES, INC
GOLDK INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC
GOLDMAN SACHS EXECUTION &
GOODWIN SECURITIES, INC
GOOGINS & ANTON, INC
GOULD, AMBROSON & ASSOCIATES LTD
GRADIENT SECURITIES, LLC


GRAMERCY SECURITIES, INC
GRANT WILLIAMS L.P
GRB FINANCIAL LLC
GREAT AMERICAN ADVISORS, INC.
GREAT AMERICAN INVESTORS, INC
GREAT NATION INVESTMENT CORPORATION
GREENBERG FINANCIAL GROUP
GREENBRIER DIVERSIFIED, INC
GREENMAN PARKER CONNALLY GREENMAN
GREENTREE INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC
GREGORY J. SCHWARTZ & CO., INC.
GRF CAPITAL INVESTORS, INC.
GRIFFINEST ASIA SECURITIES, LLC
GRODSKY ASSOCIATES, INC.
GUZMAN & COMPANY
GVC CAPITAL LLC
GW & WADE ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC
GWFS EQUITIES, INC.
GWN SECURITIES INC.
H C WAINWRIGHT & CO
H D VEST INVESTMENT SERVICES INC
H. BECK, INC.
H. C. DENISON CO.
H. KAWANO & CO., INC.
H.D. BRENT & COMPANY, INC.
HALLIDAY FINANCIAL, LLC
HAMILTON CAVANAUGH INVESTMENT BROKERS,
HANCOCK INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
HANCOCK SECURITIES GROUP, LLC
HAND SECURITIES, INC
HANSON MCCLAIN RETIREMENT NETWORK, LLC
HANTZ FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
HAPOALIM SECURITIES USA, INC.
HARBOR FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
HARBOR INVESTMENT ADVISORY, LLC
HARBOR LIGHT SECURITIES, LLC
HARBOUR INVESTMENTS, INC.
HARGER AND COMPANY, INC.
HAROLD DANCE INVESTMENTS
HARTFORD SECURITIES DISTRIBUTION CMPY
HARVEST FINANCIAL CORPORATION
HARVESTONS SECURITIES, INC.
HAZARD & SIEGEL, INC.
HAZLETT, BURT & WATSON, INC.
HBW SECURITIES LLC
HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY SECURITIES
HEARTLAND INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES, INC.
HEFREN-TILLOTSON, INC.


HEIM, YOUNG & ASSOCIATES, INC.
HENLEY & COMPANY LLC
HENNION & WALSH, INC.
HERBERT J. SIMS & CO. INC.
HERITAGE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
HERNDON PLANT OAKLEY, LTD.
HEWITT FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
HIGH POINT CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
HIGHLAND FINANCIAL, LTD.
HIGHLANDER CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
HIGHTOWER SECURITIES, LLC
HOLLOWAY & ASSOCIATES, INC.
HORAN SECURITIES, INC.
HORIZON FINANCIAL INVESTMENT CORPORATION
HORNOR, TOWNSEND & KENT, INC.
HP SECURITIES, INC.
HSBC SECURITIES (USA) INC.
HUCKIN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
HUDSON HERITAGE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
HUNTER ASSOCIATES, INC.
HUNTER SCOTT FINANCIAL , LLC
HUNTLEIGH SECURITIES CORPORATION
HYUNDAI SECURITIES (AMERICA) INC.
IBN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ICMA RC SERVICES INC
IFS SECURITIES
IMS SECURITIES, INC.
INDEPENDENCE CAPITAL CO., INC.
INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
INDIANA MERCHANT BANKING AND BROKERAGE
INDIANA SECURITIES LLC
INFINITY FINANCIAL SERVICES
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
INGALLS & SNYDER, LLC
INNOVATION PARTNERS LLC
INSIGHT SECURITIES, INC
INSTITUTIONAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
INTEGRAL FINANCIAL LLC
INTEGRATED FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES
INTEGRATED TRADING AND INVESTMENTS, INC.
INTEGRITY BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
INTERCAROLINA FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
INTERNATIONAL ASSETS ADVISORY, LLC
INTERNATIONAL MONEY MANAGEMENT GROUP,
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SECURITIES, INC.
INTERPACIFIC INVESTORS SERVICES, INC.
INTERRA CLEARING SERVICES INC
INTERVEST INTERNATIONAL EQUITIES


INVERNESS SECURITIES, LLC
INVESTACORP, INC.
INVESTMENT ARCHITECTS, INC.
INVESTMENT NETWORK, INC.
INVESTMENT PERSPECTIVES SECURITIES, LTD.
INVESTMENT PLACEMENT GROUP
INVESTMENT PLANNERS, INC.
INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS, INC.
INVESTMENT SECURITY CORPORATION
INVESTMENTS BY PLANNERS, INC.
INVESTMENTS FOR YOU, INC.
INVESTORS BROKERAGE OF TEXAS, LTD.
INVESTORS CAPITAL CORP.
INVESTORS PLANNING SERVICES, CORP
INVESTORS PROPERTIES, INC.
ISAAK BOND INVESTMENTS, INC.
J J B HILLIARD
J R M SECURITIES
J. ALDEN ASSOCIATES, INC.
J. D. SEIBERT & COMPANY, INC.
J. J. & M. GELDZAHLER
J.A. GLYNN INVESTMENTS, LLC.
J.D. NICHOLAS & ASSOCIATES, INC.
J.H. DARBIE & CO., INC.
J.K. FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC
J.P. TURNER & COMPANY, L.L.C.
J.W. COLE FINANCIAL, INC.
JACK V. BUTTERFIELD INVESTMENT COMPANY
JACKSON & SMITH INVESTMENT SECURITIES, LLC
JACQUES FINANCIAL, LLC
JAMES FOX SECURITIES, INC.
JAMES I. BLACK & COMPANY
JAMES T. BORELLO & CO.
JAMES W HUMBARD
JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC
JBS LIBERTY SECURITIES, INC.
JDL SECURITIES CORPORATION
JEFFERIES LLC
JETTRADE, INC.
JHS CAPITAL ADVISORS INC
JOHN HANCOCK FUNDS INC
JOHN JAMES INVESTMENTS LTD
JOHNSON SECURITIES, INC.
JOHNSTON, LEMON & CO. INCORPORATED
JOSEPH GUNNAR & CO. LLC
JRL CAPITAL CORPORATION


K. W. CHAMBERS & CO.
KAISER AND COMPANY
KALOS CAPITAL, INC.
KASHNER DAVIDSON SECURITIES CORPORATION
KCD FINANCIAL, INC.
KCG SECURITIES, LLC
KEELEY INVESTMENT CORP
KENNETH, JEROME & CO.,INC.
KENSINGTON CAPITAL CORP.
KERCHEVILLE & COMPANY, INC
KEVIN HART KORNFIELD & COMPANY, INC.
KEY INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
KEY WEST INVESTMENTS, LLC
KEYBANC CAPITAL MARKETS INC.
KEYSTONE CAPITAL CORPORATION
KINETICS FUNDS DISTRIBUTORS, INC
KMS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
KOONCE SECURITIES, INC.
KOVACK SECURITIES INC.
KOVITZ SECURITIES, LLC
KUYKENDALL & SCHNEIDER, INC.
KW SECURITIES CORPORATION
L & M FINANCIAL SERVICES INC
L. B. FISHER & COMPANY
L.M. KOHN & COMPANY
L.O. THOMAS & CO. INC.
LABRUNERIE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
LADENBURG THALMANN & CO. INC.
LAIDLAW & COMPANY (UK) LTD
LANDAAS & COMPANY
LANDOLT SECURITIES, INC.
LANTERN INVESTMENTS, INC.
LARA, MAY & ASSOCIATES, LLC
LARADORBECKER SECURITIES CORPORATION
LARIMER CAPITAL CORPORATION
LARSON FINANCIAL SECURITIES, LLC
LASALLE ST SECURITIES, L.L.C
LAWSON FINANCIAL CORPORATION
LAZARD CAPITAL MARKETS LLC
LAZARD FRERES & CO. LLC
LEBENTHAL & CO., LLC
LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
LEGACY ASSET SECURITIES, INC.
LEGEND EQUITIES CORPORATION
LEGEND SECURITIES, INC.
LEHMAN BROTHERS INC
LEIGH BALDWIN & CO., LLC
LENOX FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.


LEONARD SECURITIES, INC
LESKO SECURITIES INC
LEUMI INVESTMENT SERVICES INC.
LEWIS FINANCIAL GROUP, L.C.
LEXINGTON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
LIBERTY CAPITAL INVESTMENT CORPORATION
LIBERTY GROUP, LLC
LIBERTY PARTNERS FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
LIEBLONG & ASSOCIATES, INC.
LIFEMARK SECURITIES CORP.
LINCOLN DOUGLAS INVESTMENTS, LLC
LINCOLN FINANCIAL ADVISORS CORPORATION
LINCOLN FINANCIAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
LINCOLN INVESTMENT PLANNING, INC.
LION STREET FINANCIAL,LLC
LOCKTON FINANCIAL ADVISORS, LLC
LOMBARD SECURITIES INCORPORATED
LONG ISLAND FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
LORIA FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
LORING WARD SECURITIES INC.
LOWELL & COMPANY, INC.
LOYAL3 SECURITIES INC.
LPL FINANCIAL CORPORATION
LUCIA SECURITIES, LLC
LUCIEN, STIRLING & GRAY FINANCIAL
M HOLDINGS SECURITIES, INC.
M. E. ALLISON & CO., INC.
M. GRIFFITH INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
M. H. LEBLANG, INC.
M. ZUCKER, INC
MACK INVESTMENT SECURITIES, INC.
MADISON AVENUE SECURITIES, INC.
MAINE SECURITIES CORPORATION
MAITLAND SECURITIES, INC.
MANARIN SECURITIES CORPORATION
MANNA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
MAPLEWOOD INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.
MARC J. LANE & COMPANY
MARSCO INVESTMENT CORPORATION
MARTIN NELSON & CO., INC.
MASON SECURITIES, INC.
MATRIX CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
MAXIM GROUP LLC
MAXWELL SIMON, INC
MAYHILL AGENCY, LLC
MBSC SECURITIES CORPORATION
MCADAMS WRIGHT RAGEN, INC
MCCLURG CAPITAL CORPORATION


MCCOURTNEY-BRECKENRIDGE & COMPANY
MCCRACKEN ADVISORY PARTNERS CORPORATION
MCDERMOTT INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
MCDONALD PARTNERS LLC
MCDUFFIE/MORRIS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
MCG SECURITIES LLC
MCLAUGHLIN RYDER INVESTMENTS, INC.
MCNALLY FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION
MEANS INVESTMENT CO., INC
MERCAP SECURITIES, LLC
MERCER ALLIED COMPANY, L.P.
MERIDIEN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
MERITUS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC
MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE
MERRIMAC CORPORATE SECURITIES, INC.
MESIROW FINANCIAL, INC.
METLIFE SECURITIES INC.
MEYERS ASSOCIATES, L.P.
MFS FUND DISTRIBUTORS, INC
MGO SECURITIES CORP.
MHA FINANCIAL CORP
MICHIGAN SECURITIES, INC.
MID ATLANTIC CAPITAL CORPORATION
MIDAMERICA FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
MID-ATLANTIC SECURITIES, INC.
MIDDLEGATE SECURITIES LTD.
MIDWESTERN SECURITIES TRADING COMPANY,
MINISTRY PARTNERS SECURITIES, LLC
MINSHALL & COMPANY INC.
MITSUBISHI UFJ MORGAN STANLEY SECURITIES
MIZUHO INVESTORS SECURITIES
MMC SECURITIES CORP.
MML DISTRIBUTORS, LLC
MML INVESTORS SERVICES, LLC
MOLONEY SECURITIES CO., INC.
MONARCH CAPITAL GROUP, LLC
MONETA SECURITIES CORPORATION
MONEY CONCEPTS CAPITAL CORP
MONEY MANAGEMENT ADVISORY, INC.
MONTAGE SECURITIES, LLC
MOORS & CABOT, INC.
MORGAN KEEGAN & CO INC
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC
MORGAN WILSHIRE SECURITIES, INC.
MORRIS GROUP, INC.
MORTON SEIDEL & COMPANY, INC.
MOUNTAIN RIVER SECURITIES
MSC - BD, LLC


MSCS FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
MULTI-BANK SECURITIES, INC.
MULTIPLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
MUNICIPAL CAPITAL MARKETS GROUP, INC.
MURPHY & DURIEU
MUTUAL FUNDS ASSOCIATES INC.
MUTUAL OF OMAHA INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
MUTUAL SECURITIES, INC.
MUTUAL TRUST CO. OF AMERICA SECURITIES
MV SECURITIES GROUP, INC.
MWA FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
N.I.S. FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
NANCY BARRON & ASSOCIATES, INC.
NATIONAL ALLIANCE SECURITIES, LLC
NATIONAL FINANCIAL
NATIONAL PENSION & GROUP CONSULTANTS,
NATIONAL PLANNING CORPORATION
NATIONAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
NATIONS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NATIONWIDE INVESTMENT SERVICES
NATIONWIDE PLANNING ASSOCIATES INC.
NATIONWIDE SECURITIES, LLC
NEIDIGER, TUCKER, BRUNER, INC.
NELNET CAPITAL LLC
NELSON IVEST BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
NELSON SECURITIES,INC.
NESTLERODE & LOY, INC.
NETHERLAND SECURITIES, INC.
NETWORK 1 FINANCIAL SECURITIES INC.
NEUBERGER BERMAN LLC
NEW ENGLAND SECURITIES CORPORATION
NEW HORIZONS ASSET MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC
NEWBRIDGE SECURITIES CORPORATION
NEWPORT COAST SECURITIES, INC.
NEWPORT GROUP SECURITIES, INC.
NEXT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NFP ADVISOR SERVICES, LLC
NGC FINANCIAL, LLC
NI ADVISORS
NIA SECURITIES, L.L.C.
NIAGARA INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL LIMITED
NICOL INVESTORS CORPORATION
NMS FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
NOBLE FINANCIAL CAPITAL MARKETS
NORTH NASSAU ADVISORS, LLC
NORTH RIDGE SECURITIES CORP.
NORTH STAR INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
NORTH WOODWARD FINANCIAL CORP.


NORTHEAST SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHERN CAPITAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
NORTHERN LIGHTS DISTRIBUTORS, LLC
NORTHERN SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHLAND SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHWEST INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL INVESTMENT SERVICES,
NPB FINANCIAL GROUP, LLC
NYLIFE DISTRIBUTORS LLC
NYLIFE SECURITIES LLC
O N EQUITY SALES CORP
OAK GROVE INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
OAK TREE SECURITIES, INC.
OAKBRIDGE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
OBERWEIS SECURITIES, INC.
OFG FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
OHANESIAN / LECOURS, INC.
OLMSTED & MULHALL, INC.
OMEGA SECURITIES, INC.
OMNI FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
ONEAMERICA SECURITIES, INC.
ONEIDA WEALTH MANAGEMENT, INC.
OPPENHEIMER & CO. INC.
OPTIONSXPRESS, INC.
ORIENTAL FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP.
OSCAR GRUSS & SON INCORPORATED
PACIFIC FINANCIAL ASSOCIATES, INC.
PACKERLAND BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
PAINTER, SMITH AND AMBERG INC.
PARADIGM EQUITIES, INC.
PARK AVENUE SECURITIES LLC
PARK CITY CAPITAL, INC.
PARKLAND SECURITIES, LLC
PARSONEX SECURITIES, INC.
PAULSON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
PEACHTREE CAPITAL CORPORATION
PEAK BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
PENATES GROUP, INC.
PENROD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
PENSION SERVICE ASSOCIATES SECURITIES
PENTEGRA DISTRIBUTORS INC.
PEOPLE'S SECURITIES, INC.
PERKINS, SMART & BOYD, INC.
PERRYMAN SECURITIES, INC.
PERSHING LLC
PETERSEN INVESTMENTS, INC.
PFA SECURITY ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
PFLUEGER & BAERWALD INC.


PFS INVESTMENTS INC.
PHILADELPHIA INVESTORS, LTD.
PHILIP J. GREENBLATT SECURITIES LTD
PHILLIPS & COMPANY SECURITIES INC.
PHX FINANCIAL, INC.
PINNACLE EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC.
PINNACLE INVESTMENTS, LLC
PIPER JAFFRAY & CO.
PLAN B INVESTMENTS, INC.
PLAN PROFESSIONALS LIMITED
PLANMEMBER SECURITIES CORPORATION
PLANNED FINANCIAL PROGRAMS, INC.
PLANNED INVESTMENT CO., INC.
PLANNERS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
PNC CAPITAL MARKETS LLC
PNC INVESTMENTS LLC
PODESTA & CO.
POLAR INVESTMENT COUNSEL, INC.
PORT SECURITIES, INC.
PORTFOLIO ADVISORS ALLIANCE, INC.
PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
PORTFOLIO RESOURCES GROUP, INC.
PORTSMOUTH FINANCIAL SERVICES
PPI EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
PREFERRED CLIENT GROUP, INC.
PREMIER SECURITIES OF AMERICA, INC.
PRESIDENTIAL BROKERAGE, INC.
PRIMESOLUTIONS SECURITIES, INC.
PRIMEX
PRINCOR FINANCIAL SERVICES INC
PRIVATE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC
PRIVATE PORTFOLIO, INC.
PROEQUITIES, INC.
PROF BROKER-DEALER FINANCIAL PLANNING,
PROFESSIONAL TRADING SERVICES BROKERAGE,
PROFINANCIAL, INC.
PROSPERA FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
PROTECTED INVESTORS OF AMERICA
PROVIDENT PRIVATE CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.
PRUCO SECURITIES, LLC.
PRUDENTIAL RETIREMENT
PSA EQUITIES, INC.
PTI SECURITIES & FUTURES L.P.
PUPLAVA SECURITIES, INC.
PURSHE KAPLAN STERLING INVESTMENTS, INC.
PWA SECURITIES, INC.
PYRAMID FUNDS CORPORATION
QUAYLE & CO SECURITIES


QUEENS ROAD SECURITIES, LLC
QUEST CAPITAL STRATEGIES, INC.
QUEST SECURITIES, INC.
QUESTAR CAPITAL CORPORATION
QUINCY CASS ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED
R & R PLANNING GROUP LTD
R. SEELAUS & CO.,INC.
R.M. DUNCAN SECURITIES, INC.
R.M. STARK & CO., INC.
RAFFERTY CAPITAL MARKETS INC
RAMIREZ & CO INC
RAPHAEL ARYEH
RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC.
RAYMOND JAMES (USA) LTD.
RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
RBC CAPITAL MARKETS CORP
RD CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
RDM INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
RED CAPITAL MARKETS INC
REDWINE & COMPANY, INC.
REGAL SECURITIES, INC.
REGIONAL INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
REGISTER FINANCIAL ASSOCIATES, INC.
REGULUS ADVISORS, LLC
RELIANCE WORLDWIDE INVESTMENTS, LLC
RENSSELAER SECURITIES CORP.
REPEX & CO., INC.
RESOURCE HORIZONS GROUP LLC
RETIREMENT PLANNING, INC.
REVERE SECURITIES LLC
RHODES SECURITIES, INC.
RICE PONTES CAPITAL, INC.
RICHARDS, MERRILL & PETERSON, INC.
RICHFIELD ORION INTERNATIONAL, INC.
RIDGEWAY & CONGER, INC.
RIEDL FIRST SECURITIES COMPANY OF KANSAS
RIM SECURITIES LLC
RJJ PASADENA SECURITIES, INC.
RNR SECURITIES, L.L.C.
ROBERT R. MEREDITH & CO., INC.
ROBERT W. BAIRD & CO. INCORPORATED
ROBERTS & RYAN INVESTMENTS INC.
ROBINSON & LUKENS, INC.
ROBINSON & ROBINSON, INC.
ROCKWELL GLOBAL CAPITAL LLC
RODGERS BROTHERS, INC.
ROGAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.
ROMANO BROTHERS AND COMPANY


ROOSEVELT & CROSS, INCORPORATED
ROOSEVELT EQUITY CORPORATION
ROSS SECURITIES CORPORATION
ROSS, SINCLAIRE & ASSOCIATES, LLC
ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
ROTHMAN SECURITIES, INC.
ROTHSCHILD INVESTMENT CORPORATION
ROYAL ALLIANCE ASSOCIATES, INC.
ROYAL SECURITIES COMPANY
RYAN FINANCIAL, INC.
S.G. LONG & COMPANY
S.L. REED & COMPANY
SAFEGUARD SECURITIES, INC.
SAGE, RUTTY & CO., INC.
SAGEPOINT FINANCIAL INC
SAMCO CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.
SANCTUARY SECURITIES, LLC
SANDERS MORRIS HARRIS INC.
SANDLAPPER SECURITIES, LLC
SANTANDER SECURITIES LLC
SAPERSTON ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
SATURNA BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
SAXONY SECURITIES, INC.
SCF SECURITIES, INC.
SCH ENTERPRISES, INC.
SCHLITT INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
SCOTT JAMES GROUP, INC.
SCOTT T. TAYLOR, LTD.
SCOTTRADE, INC.
SCOTTSDALE CAPITAL ADVISORS CORP
SDDCO BROKERAGE ADVISORS LLC
SEARLE & CO.
SECU BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
SECURE PLANNING, INC.
SECUREVEST FINANCIAL GROUP
SECURIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SECURITIES AMERICA, INC.
SECURITIES CAPITAL CORPORATION
SECURITIES EQUITY GROUP
SECURITIES MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH, INC.
SECURITIES RESEARCH, INC.
SECURITIES SERVICE NETWORK, INC.
SEI INVESTMENTS DISTRIBUTION CO.
SEI TRUST
SELKIRK INVESTMENTS, INC.
SENATE SECURITIES
SENTINEL SECURITIES, INC.
SFA FINANCIAL, LLC


SHAREHOLDERS SERVICE GROUP, INC.
SHAREMASTER
SHEARSON FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
SIGMA FINANCIAL CORPORATION
SIGNAL SECURITIES, INC.
SIGNATOR FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SIGNATOR INVESTORS, INC.
SIGNATURE SECURITIES GROUP CORPORATION
SII INVESTMENTS, INC.
SILBER BENNETT FINANCIAL, INC.
SILICON VALLEY SECURITIES, INC.
SILVER OAK SECURITIES, INCORPORATED
SISUNG SECURITIES CORPORATION
SKA SECURITIES, INC.
SLAVIC INVESTMENT CORPORATION
SMBC FRIEND SECURITIES CO. LTD
SMC FINANCIAL, INC.
SMITH HAYES FINANCIAL SERVICES
SMITH, BROWN & GROOVER, INC.
SMITH, MOORE & CO.
SNC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CORP.
SNOWDEN ACCOUNT SERVICES, INC.
SOCIETE GENERALE AMERICAS SECS
SOMERSET SECURITIES, INC.
SORRENTO PACIFIC FINANCIAL, LLC
SORSBY FINANCIAL CORP.
SOURCE CAPITAL GROUP, INC.
SOUTHEAST INVESTMENTS, N.C., INC.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC SECURITIES, INC.
SOUTHERN TRUST SECURITIES, INC.
SOUTHWEST SECURITIES, INC.
SOVEREIGN LEGACY SECURITIES, INC.
SPENCER EDWARDS, INC.
SPENCER-WINSTON SECURITIES CORPORATION
SPIRE SECURITIES, LLC
SPROTT GLOBAL RESOURCE INVESTMENTS
ST. BERNARD FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
ST. GERMAIN SECURITIES, INC.
STACEY BRAUN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
STANCORP EQUITIES, INC.
STANDARD INVESTMENT CHARTERED
STANNARD FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
STATETRUST INVESTMENTS INC.
STEELPOINT SECURITIES, LLC
STEPHEN A. KOHN & ASSOCIATES, LTD.
STEPHENS INC
STERLING MONROE SECURITIES, LLC
STERN FISHER EDWARDS INC


STERNE AGEE FINANCIAL SERVICES
STERNE, AGEE & LEACH, INC.
STIFEL, NICOLAUS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED
STOCKCROSS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
STONEWALL INVESTMENTS, INC.
SUCCESS TRADE SECURITIES, INC.
SUMMIT BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
SUMMIT EQUITIES, INC.
SUNBELT SECURITIES, INC.
SUN'S BROTHERS SECURITIES INC.
SUNSET FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SUNSTREET SECURITIES, LLC
SUNTRUST INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
SUPERIOR FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SWARTWOOD, HESSE INC.
SWBC INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
SWENEY CARTWRIGHT & COMPANY
SWS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SYCAMORE FINANCIAL GROUP
SYKES FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
SYMPHONIC SECURITIES LLC
SYNDICATED CAPITAL, INC.
SYNOVUS SECURITIES, INC.
T.R. WINSTON & COMPANY, LLC
T.S. PHILLIPS INVESTMENTS, INC.
TAG SECURITIES, INC.
TANDEM SECURITIES, INC.
TAYLOR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC
TCADVISORS NETWORK INC.
TCFG WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC
TD AMERITRADE CLEARING, INC.
TECKMEYER FINANCIAL SERVICES, L.L.C.
TFS SECURITIES, INC.
THE BAKER GROUP, LP
THE CAPITAL GROUP SECURITIES, INC.
THE GARBACZ GROUP INC.
THE GMS GROUP, LLC
THE HUNTINGTON INVESTMENT COMPANY
THE INVESTMENT CENTER, INC.
THE JEFFREY MATTHEWS FINANCIAL GROUP,
THE KELT GROUP, LLC
THE LEADERS GROUP, INC.
THE LOGAN GROUP SECURITIES
THE OAK RIDGE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP,
THE SECURITIES CENTER, INC.
THE STRATEGIC FINANCIAL ALLIANCE, INC.
THE TAVENNER COMPANY
THE WINDMILL GROUP, INC.


THE WINNING EDGE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
THOMPSON DAVIS & CO., INC.
THORNHILL SECURITIES, INC.
THORNTON FARISH INC.
THOROUGHBRED FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
THRIVENT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC.
THURSTON, SPRINGER, MILLER, HERD & TITAK
TIAA-CREF INDIVIDUAL & INSTITUTIONAL
TIMECAPITAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
TITAN SECURITIES
TLS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
TOCQUEVILLE SECURITIES L.P.
TOUCHSTONE SECURITIES, INC.
TRADE MANAGE CAPITAL, INC.
TRADE-PMR INC.
TRADERFIELD SECURITIES INC.
TRADESTATION SECURITIES, INC.
TRADITION ASIEL SECURITIES INC.
TRANSAM SECURITIES, INC.
TRANSAMERICA FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC
TREVOR, COLE, REID, & MONROE, INC.
TRG ADVISORS, INC.
TRIAD ADVISORS, INC.
TRICOR FINANCIAL, LLC
TRIDENT PARTNERS LTD.
TRUBEE, COLLINS & CO., INC.
TRUSTCORE INVESTMENTS, INC.
TRUSTFIRST INC.
TRUSTMONT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
U. S. BOSTON CAPITAL CORPORATION
U.S. BROKERAGE, INC.
U.S. INVESTORS, INC.
UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
UBS SECURITIES LLC
UHLMANN PRICE SECURITIES, LLC
UMB FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
UMPQUA INVESTMENTS, INC.
UNIFIED FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
UNION CAPITAL COMPANY
UNIONBANC INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC
UNITED BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
UNITED PLANNERS' FINANCIAL SERVICES OF
UNIVEST INVESTMENTS, INC
UNIVEST SECURITIES, INC.
UPROMISE INVESTMENTS, INC.
USA FINANCIAL SECURITIES CORPORATION
USAA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY
USCA SECURITIES LLC


USI SECURITIES, INC.
V. M. MANNING & CO., INC.
VALIC FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
VALLEY NATIONAL INVESTMENTS, INC.
VALMARK SECURITIES, INC.
VALOR FINANCIAL SECURITIES LLC
VANDERBILT SECURITIES, LLC
VANGUARD CAPITAL
VANGUARD MARKETING CORPORATION
VARIABLE INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.
VAUGHAN AND COMPANY SECURITIES, INC.
VBC SECURITIES, LLC
VECTORGLOBAL WMG
VERITAS INDEPENTDENT PARTNERS, LLC
VERITY INVESTMENTS, INC.
VESTECH SECURITIES, INC.
VESTOR CAPITAL SECURITIES, LLC
VFINANCE INVESTMENTS, INC
VIEWTRADE SECURITIES, INC.
VINING SPARKS IBG LIMITED
VISION BROKERAGE SERVICES LLC
VISION FINANCIAL MARKETS LLC
VISUN SECURITIES CORPORATION
VORPAHL WING SECURITIES
VOYA FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC
VOYA FINANCIAL PARTNERS, LLC
VSR FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
W H COLSON SECURITIES
W&S BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC
W.R. HAMBRECHT + CO., LLC
WADDELL & REED, INC.
WADSWORTH INVESTMENT CO., INC.
WALL STREET FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
WALL STREET STRATEGIES, INC.
WARD'S FINANCIAL SERVICES, LTD.
WARNER FINANCIAL INTERNATIONAL
WASHINGTON SECURITIES CORPORATION
WAVELAND CAPITAL PARTNERS LLC
WAYNE HUMMER INVESTMENTS L.L.C.
WBB SECURITIES, LLC
WEALTHSTONE EQUITIES, INC.
WEDBUSH SECURITIES INC.
WEITZEL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WELLER, ANDERSON & CO., LTD.
WELLFLEET INVESTMENTS LLC
WELLINGTON SHIELDS & CO., LLC
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES LLC
WESBANCO SECURITIES, INC.


WESCOM FINANCIAL SERVICES
WESTCHESTER CAPITAL PLANNING, INC.
WESTCO INVESTMENT CORP.
WESTERN EQUITY GROUP, INC.
WESTERN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
WESTERN GROWERS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WESTERN INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES, INC.
WESTFIELD INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
WESTMINSTER FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC.
WESTON SECURITIES CORPORATION
WESTPARK CAPITAL, INC.
WESTPORT CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
WESTPORT RESOURCES INVESTMENT SERVICES,
WESTROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
WFG INVESTMENTS, INC.
WHEELHOUSE SECURITIES CORPORATION
WHITE MOUNTAIN CAPITAL, LLC
WHITE, WELD & CO. SECURITIES, LLC
WHITEHALL-PARKER SECURITIES, INC.
WHITEWOOD GROUP, INC
WIC CORP.
WILBANKS SECURITIES, INC.
WILEY BROS.-AINTREE CAPITAL, LLC
WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY L.L.C.
WILLIAM C. BURNSIDE & COMPANY, INC.
WILLOW COVE INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
WILMINGTON CAPITAL SECURITIES, LLC
WILMINGTON TR RET AND INST SVC CO
WILSON STEPHENSON INCORPORATED
WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.
WINDHAM FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WINSLOW, EVANS & CROCKER, INC.
WISCONSIN DISCOUNT SECURITIES
WOLF A. POPPER, INC.
WOOD (ARTHUR W.) COMPANY, INC.
WOODBURY FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WOODLANDS SECURITIES CORPORATION
WOODMEN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WOODSTOCK FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
WORLD CAPITAL BROKERAGE, INC.
WORLD CHOICE SECURITIES, INC.
WORLD EQUITY GROUP, INC.
WORLD TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
WORLD TREND FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES,
WORTH FINANCIAL GROUP INC.
WRP INVESTMENTS, INC.
WULFF, HANSEN & CO.
WUNDERLICH SECURITIES, INC.


WWK INVESTMENTS, INC.
YORK SECURITIES, INC.
ZEUS SECURITIES, INC.
ZIONS DIRECT, INC.
ZIV INVESTMENT COMPANY

EX-99.M 12B-1 PLAN 25 a_nf53amod1.htm a_nf53amod1.htm
Schedule of Financial Institution Service Agreements
ALLSTATE FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
ASSOCIATED TRUST COMPANY
BANCWEST INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BANK OF OKLAHOMA NA
BANKOH INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BB&T INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
BBVA SECURITIES INC.
BENEFIT TRUST COMPANY
BMO HARRIS BANK N.A.
BNP PARIBAS NY BRANCH
BOSC, INC.
BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
CALDWELL TRUST COMPANY
CAPITAL BROKERAGE CORPORATION
CAPITAL ONE INVESTMENT SERVICES LLC
CHASE INVESTMENT SERVICES CORP
CIRCLE TRUST COMPANY
CITIZENS FIRST SAVINGS BANK
CITY NATIONAL BANK
COMERICA BANK
COMMERCE BANK NA
COMMERCE BROKERAGE SERVICES, INC.
COMMUNITY BANK N. A.
DUBUQUE BANK & TRUST COMPANY
FIDUCIARY TRUST COMPANY
FIFTH THIRD SECURITIES, INC
FIMCO SECURITIES GROUP, INC
FINANCIAL SYNERGY, INC.
FIRNOM & CO
FIRST CITIZENS INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK
FIRST SOUTHWEST COMPANY
GLENMEDE TRUST COMPANY
GLOBAL TRUST COMPANY
GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.
HSBC SECURITIES (USA) INC.
HUNTINGTON TRUST COMPANY
INFINEX INVESTMENTS, INC.
INVEST FINANCIAL
INVESTMENT CENTERS OF AMERICA, INC.
INVESTORS BANK &
IRA SERVICES TRUST COMPANY
J.P. MORGAN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENTS
JP MORGAN CHASE BANK NA
KEY BANK
M&T SECURITIES, INC.
NAVY FEDERAL BROKERAGE SERVICES, LLC
NBC SECURITIES, INC.
NORTHERN TRUST SECURITIES, INC.
OLD NATIONAL BANK

 


PEOPLE'S SECURITIES, INC.
RELIANCE TRUST CO
ROCKLAND TRUST COMPANY
STANDARD INSURANCE COMPANY
SUNTRUST BANKS INC
TD AMERITRADE TRUST COMPANY
THE CATTLE NATIONAL BANK &
TRUST COMPANY OF AMERICA
U.S. BANCORP INVESTMENTS, INC
UMB BANK NA
UMB FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
US BANK NA
VOYA INSTITUTIONAL PLAN SERVICES LLC
WALL STREET ACCESS
WAYNE BANK
WELLS FARGO BANK NA
WELLS FARGO BANK/TRUST
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES LLC
WESTWOOD TRUST

 

EX-99.N 18F-3 PLAN 26 a_18f3mod.htm a_18f3mod.htm
PUTNAM FUNDS
 
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3(d) under the
Investment Company Act of 1940
 
Effective November 1, 1999, as most recently amended September 18, 2015 

 

Each of the open-end investment companies managed by Putnam Investment Management, LLC (each a “Fund” and, together, the “Funds”) may from time to time issue one or more of the following classes of shares: Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class R5 shares, Class R6 shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares. Each class is subject to such investment minimums and other conditions of eligibility as are set forth in the Funds’ registration statements or prospectuses and statements of additional information as from time to time in effect. The differences in expenses among these classes of shares, and the conversion and exchange features of each class of shares, are set forth below in this Plan. Except as noted below, expenses are allocated among the classes of shares of each Fund based upon the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class. This Plan is subject to change, to the extent permitted by law and by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-laws of each Fund, by action of the Trustees of each Fund. This Plan does not apply to the shares of Putnam Variable Trust or any other open-end investment company managed by Putnam Investment Management, LLC that may from time to time maintain a separate plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

CLASS A SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class A shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to plans (the “Class A Plans”) adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). Class A shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class A Plans or any amendment to a Class A Plan. Pursuant to the Class A Plans, Class A shares may pay up to 0.35% of the relevant Fund’s average net assets attributable to the Class A shares (which percentage may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectuses and statements of additional information as from time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class A Plans are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and as set forth in the registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information of each Fund as from time to time in effect.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T



shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class A shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class A shares of any Fund other than Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A shares of any other Fund that offers Class A shares, without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class A shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state.

Class A shares of Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A, Class B or Class C shares of any other Fund that offers such classes of shares in the relevant state without the current payment of a contingent deferred sales charge (a “CDSC”), but, in the case of exchanges for Class A shares of another Fund, may be subject to a front-end sales charge upon such exchange. The holding period for determining any CDSC applicable to the shares received in such exchange will include the holding period of the shares exchanged, and will be calculated using the schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to such Class A shares.

In addition, Class A shares of Putnam Money Market Fund that are offered in conjunction with Class Y shares of other Putnam Funds may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class Y shares of such other Funds without the payment of a CDSC.

Class A shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class Y shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class Y shares of the same Fund, provided that the Class A shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and provided that Class Y shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state.

Class A shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class R5 shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R5 shares of the same Fund, provided that the Class A shares are no longer subject to a CDSC, provided that Class R5 shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and further provided that Class R5 shares of such Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

Class A shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class R6 shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R6 shares of the same Fund, provided that the Class A shares are no longer subject to a CDSC, provided that Class R6 shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and further provided that Class R6 shares of such Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

-2- 

 



(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

Initial Sales Charge

Class A shares are offered at a public offering price that is equal to their net asset value (“NAV”) plus a sales charge of up to 5.75% of the public offering price (which maximum may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). The sales charges on Class A shares are subject to reduction or waiver as permitted by Rule 22d-1 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more (or $500,000 or more in the case of certain Funds as described in their registration statements or prospectuses or statements of additional information as from time to time in effect) that are redeemed before the first day of the month in which the nine-month anniversary of such purchases may be subject to a CDSC of 1.00% of either the purchase price or the NAV of the shares redeemed, whichever is less, as described in each Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect; provided that the period of time, and the percentage level of the CDSC, may be less for any Fund if so specified in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

Class A shares are not otherwise subject to a CDSC.

The CDSC on Class A shares is subject to reduction or waiver in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

CLASS B SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class B shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Class B Plans”). Class B shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class B Plans or any amendment to a Class B Plan. Pursuant to the Class B Plans, Class B shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant

-3- 

 



Fund’s average net assets attributable to Class B shares (which percentage may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class B Plans are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and as set forth in the registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information of each Fund as from time to time in effect.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares of the same Fund no later than the end of the month in which the eighth anniversary of the date of purchase occurs (or such earlier date as the Trustees of a Fund may authorize), except that Class B shares purchased through the reinvestment of dividends and other distributions on Class B shares convert to Class A shares at the same time as the shares with respect to which they were purchased are converted and Class B shares acquired by the exchange of Class B shares of another Fund will convert to Class A shares based on the time of the initial purchase. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such conversion.

Exchange Features

Class B shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class B shares of any other Fund that offers Class B shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class B shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state. The holding period for determining any CDSC will include the holding period of the shares exchanged, and will be calculated using the schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to such Class B shares.

Initial Sales Charge

Class B shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial sales charge.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class B shares that are redeemed within 6 years of purchase are subject to a CDSC of up to 5.00% of either the purchase price or the NAV of the shares redeemed, whichever is less (provided that the period of time, and the percentage level of the CDSC, may be less for any

-4- 

 



Fund if so specified in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect); such percentage declines the longer the shares are held, as described in the Funds’ registration statements or prospectuses and statements of additional information as from time to time in effect. Class B shares purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains are not subject to a CDSC.

The CDSC on Class B shares is subject to reduction or waiver in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

CLASS C SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class C shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Class C Plans”). Class C shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class C Plans or any amendment to a Class C Plan. Pursuant to the Class C Plans, Class C shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant Fund’s average net assets attributable to the Class C shares (which percentage may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class C Plans are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and as set forth in the registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information of each Fund as from time to time in effect.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class C shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class C shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class C shares of any other Fund that offers Class C shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class C shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state. The holding period for determining any CDSC will include the holding period of the shares exchanged, and

-5- 

 



will be calculated using the schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to such Class C shares. Exchange privileges for Class C shares offered outside the United States may vary.

Class C shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class Y shares may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class Y shares of the same Fund, provided that Class Y shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and provided that the Class C shares are no longer CDSC-eligible.

Class C shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase class A shares without a sales charge because the shareholder is a (i) client of a broker-dealer, financial institution, financial intermediary or registered investment advisor that is approved by Putnam Retail Management and charges a fee for advisory or investment services or (ii) client of a broker-dealer, financial institution, or financial intermediary that has entered into an agreement with Putnam Retail Management to offer shares through a fund “supermarket” or retail self-directed brokerage account (with or without the imposition of a transaction fee) may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A shares of the same Fund, provided that Class A shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and provided that the Class C shares are no longer CDSC-eligible.

(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

Initial Sales Charge

Class C shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial sales charge.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class C shares are subject to a 1.00% CDSC if the shares are redeemed within one year of purchase; provided that the period of time, and the percentage level of the CDSC, may be less for any Fund if so specified in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect. Class C shares purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains are not subject to a CDSC.

The CDSC on Class C shares is subject to reduction or waiver in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

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CLASS M SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class M shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Class M Plans”). Class M shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class M Plans or any amendment to a Class M Plan. Pursuant to the Class M Plans, Class M shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant Fund’s average net assets attributable to Class M shares (which percentage may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class M Plans are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and as set forth in the registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information of each Fund as from time to time in effect.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class M shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class M shares of any Fund other than Putnam Money Market Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class M shares of any other Fund that offers Class M shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class M shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state. Class M shares of Putnam Money Market Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class B, Class C or Class M shares of any other Fund that offers such classes of shares in the relevant state without the current payment of a CDSC, but, in the case of exchanges for Class M shares of another Fund, may be subject to a front-end sales charge upon such exchange. The holding period for determining any CDSC applicable to the shares received in such exchange will include the holding period of the shares exchanged, and will be calculated using the schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to such shares. Exchange privileges for Class M shares offered outside the United States may vary.

Class M shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class Y shares may

-7- 

 



also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class Y shares of the same Fund, provided that Class Y shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state.

(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

Initial Sales Charge

Class M shares are offered at a public offering price that is equal to their NAV plus a sales charge of up to 3.50% of the public offering price (which maximum may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). The sales charges on Class M shares are subject to reduction or waiver as permitted by Rule 22d-1 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Certain purchases of Class M that are redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to a CDSC of up to 0.65% of either the purchase price or the NAV of the shares redeemed, whichever is less, as described in each Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect; provided that the period of time, and the percentage level of the CDSC, may be less for any Fund if so specified in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect. Class M shares are otherwise not subject to a CDSC.

The CDSC on Class M shares is subject to reduction or waiver in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

CLASS R SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class R shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Class R Plans”). Class R shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class R Plans or any amendment to a Class R Plan. Pursuant to the Class R Plans, Class R shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant Fund’s average net assets attributable to Class R shares (which percentage may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional

-8- 

 



information as from time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class R Plans are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and as set forth in the registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information of each Fund as from time to time in effect.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class R shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class R shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R shares of any other Fund that offers Class R shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class R shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state.

Class R shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class R5 shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R5 shares of the same Fund, provided that Class R5 shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and further provided that Class R5 shares of such Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

Class R shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class R6 shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R6 shares of the same Fund, provided that Class R6 shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and further provided that Class R6 shares of such Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

-9- 

 



Initial Sales Charge

Class R shares are offered at their NAV, without any sales charge.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class R shares are not subject to any CDSC.

CLASS R5 SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class R5 shares do not pay a distribution or service fee.

Investor Servicing Fees

Class R5 shares pay an investor servicing fee at the rates set forth for Class R5 shares in the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect.

Conversion Features

Class R5 shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class R5 shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R5 shares of any other Fund that offers Class R5 shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class R5 shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state, and further provided that shares of such other Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan.

Class R5 shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class A, Class R, Class R6 or Class Y shares may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A, Class R, Class R6 or Class Y shares of the same Fund, provided that Class A, Class R, Class R6 or Class Y shares are available to residents of the relevant state, and further provided that Class A, Class R, Class R6 or Class Y shares are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a

-10- 

 



shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

Initial Sales Charge

Class R5 shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial sales charge.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class R5 shares are not subject to any CDSC.

CLASS R6 SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class R6 shares do not pay a distribution or service fee.

Investor Servicing Fees

Class R6 shares pay an investor servicing fee at the rates set forth for Class R6 shares in the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect.

Conversion Features

Class R6 shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class R6 shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R6 shares of any other Fund that offers Class R6 shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class R6 shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state, and further provided that shares of such other Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan.

Class R6 shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class A, Class R, Class R5 or Class Y shares may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A, Class R, Class R5 or Class Y shares of the same Fund, provided that Class A, Class R, Class R5 or Class Y shares are available to residents of the relevant state, and further provided that Class A, Class R, Class R5 or Class Y shares are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a

-11- 

 



shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

Initial Sales Charge

Class R6 shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial sales charge.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class R6 shares are not subject to any CDSC.

CLASS T SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class T shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to plans (the “Class T Plans”) adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Class T shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class T Plans or any amendment to a Class T Plan. Pursuant to the Class T Plans, Class T shares may pay up to 0.35% of the relevant Fund’s average net assets attributable to the Class T shares (which percentage may be less for any Fund, as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class T Plans are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and as set forth in the registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information of each Fund as from time to time in effect.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class T shares do not convert to any other class of shares.

Exchange Features

Class T shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A or T shares of any other Fund that offers Class A or T shares without the payment of a CDSC, provided that Class A or T shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state. Such exchanges may be subject to an initial sales charge.

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Class T shares of Putnam Money Market Fund may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class B or Class C shares of any other Fund that offers such classes of shares in the relevant state. The holding period for determining any CDSC applicable to the shares received in the exchange will include the holding period of the shares exchanged, and will be calculated using the schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to such shares.

Initial Sales Charge

Class T shares are offered at a public offering price that is equal to their NAV plus a sales charge of up to 5.25% of the public offering price (which maximum may be less for certain Funds, as described in each Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect). The sales charges on Class T shares are subject to reduction or waiver as permitted by Rule 22d-1 under the 1940 Act and as described in the applicable Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Purchases of Class T shares that (1) were acquired by exchanging shares from another Fund that were purchased without an initial sales charge and (2) are redeemed before the first day of the month in which the nine-month anniversary of such original purchase are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% of either such original purchase price or the NAV of the shares redeemed, whichever is less, as described in each Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information from time to time in effect; provided that the period of time, and the percentage level of the CDSC, may be less for any Fund if so specified in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect. Class T shares are not otherwise subject to a CDSC.

The CDSC on Class T shares is subject to reduction or waiver in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the 1940 Act and as described in the Funds’ registration statements or prospectuses and statements of additional information as from time to time in effect.

CLASS Y SHARES

Distribution and Service Fees

Class Y shares do not pay a distribution or service fee.

Investor Servicing Fees

Investor servicing fees (determined pursuant to the Memorandum regarding Investor Servicing Compensation Arrangements for the Funds as from time to time in effect) that are not

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specifically payable by Class R5 or Class R6 shares are allocated among the other classes of shares (Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class M shares, Class R shares, Class T shares and Class Y shares, as applicable) of each Fund based on the net assets of each Fund attributable to shares of each class.

Conversion Features

Class Y shares may be converted to Class A shares if an investor no longer satisfies the eligibility requirements for Class Y shares, as described in the applicable Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect. A shareholder’s Class Y shares will not be converted to Class A shares without prior notice from the relevant Fund. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such conversion.

Exchange Features

Class Y shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class Y shares of any other Fund that offers Class Y shares without the payment of a sales charge, provided that Class Y shares of such other Fund are available to residents of the relevant state, and further provided that shares of such other Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan or platform.

Class Y shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class A or Class C shares may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A or Class C shares of the same Fund without payment of any initial sales charge, provided that Class A or Class C shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state. Class A shares issued in such an exchange will not be subject to any initial sales charge; however, any subsequent purchases of Class A shares by the shareholder will be subject to the initial sales charge applicable to Class A shares (as described in the Fund’s registration statement or prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect).

In addition, Class Y shares of any Fund that are offered in conjunction with Class A shares of Putnam Money Market Fund may be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class A shares of Putnam Money Market Fund without the payment of a CDSC.

Class Y shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class R5 shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R5 shares of the same Fund, provided that Class R5 shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and further provided that Class R5 shares of such Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

Class Y shares of any Fund held by a shareholder eligible to purchase Class R6 shares may also be exchanged, at the holder’s option, for Class R6 shares of the same Fund, provided that Class R6 shares of such Fund are available to residents of the relevant state and further provided that Class R6 shares of such Fund are available through the relevant retirement plan. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange.

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(i) The same-fund exchange privilege may be effected only if permitted by a shareholder’s dealer of record, (ii) the same-fund exchange privilege may not be available for all accounts and may not be offered by all dealers, financial institutions and other intermediaries through which a shareholder may hold shares, and (iii) the dealer of record through whom a shareholder holds shares may be authorized (e.g., under its account or similar agreement with a shareholder) to reject any same-fund exchange.

Initial Sales Charge

Class Y shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial sales charge.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class Y shares are not subject to any CDSC.

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