Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 28, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation. The Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current-year presentation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Sales of Accounts Receivable

Sales of Accounts Receivable. We have entered into several customer sponsored programs administered by unrelated financial institutions that permit us to sell certain accounts receivable at discounted rates to the financial institutions. Transactions under these programs were accounted for as sales of accounts receivable and were removed from our Consolidated Balance Sheet at the time of the sales transactions. During fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, we sold $676.4 million, $604.7 million and $582.9 million, respectively, pursuant to these programs. If receivables had not been sold, $437.9 million and $378.5 million of additional receivables would have been outstanding at December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively, based on standard payment terms. Selling, general and administrative expenses include $16.7 million, $14.5 million and $11.4 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively, of financing costs associated with these accounts receivable sales programs.

Inventories

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Inventories include the cost of material, freight, direct labor and overhead utilized in the processing of our products. We provide reserves for discontinued and excess inventory based upon historical demand, forecasted usage, estimated customer requirements and product line updates.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives, which range from three to thirty-nine years, using the straight-line method for financial statement reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Renewals and betterments are capitalized. Gains and losses on disposals are included in operating results.

Estimated useful lives by major asset category are as follows:

Buildings and building improvements	10 to 39 years
Machinery, equipment and tooling	3 to 7 years
Software and computer equipment	3 to 10 years
Furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements	3 to 7 years

Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets

Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets. Long-lived assets, including property, plant, and equipment and amortizable identifiable intangibles, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. The impairment review is a two-step process. First, recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the second step of the impairment test is performed and an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill may be impaired. In regards to the annual test, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. During fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, we assessed the qualitative factors which could affect the fair values of our reporting units and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair values of each reporting unit was less than its carrying amount.

Purchase Accounting

Purchase Accounting. The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair market values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. Such fair market value assessments require judgments and estimates which may change over time and may cause the final amounts to differ materially from their original estimates. These adjustments to fair value assessments are recorded to goodwill over the purchase price allocation period which cannot exceed twelve months from the date of acquisition.

Other Assets

Other Assets. Other assets include primarily long-term core inventory, deposits, and equity method investments.

Certain products we sell contain parts that can be recycled, or as more commonly referred to in our industry, remanufactured. We refer to these parts as cores. A used core is remanufactured and sold to the customer as a replacement for a unit inside a vehicle. Customers and end-users that purchase remanufactured products will generally return the used core to us, which we then use in the remanufacturing process to make another finished good. Our core inventory consists of used cores purchased and held in our facilities, used cores that are in the process of being returned from our customers and end-users, and remanufactured cores held in finished goods inventory at our facilities. Our products that utilize a core primarily include instrument clusters, hybrid batteries, radios, and climate control modules.

Long-term core inventory was $22.8 million and $28.1 million as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. Long-term core inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined based on actual purchases of core inventory. We believe that the most appropriate classification of core inventory is a long-term asset. According to guidance provided under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification(“ASC”), current assets are defined as “assets or resources commonly identified as those which are reasonably expected to be realized in cash or sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the business.” The determination of the long-term classification is based on our view that the value of the cores is not expected to be consumed or realized in cash during our normal annual operating cycle.

We also have investments that we account for according to the equity method of accounting. The total book value of these investments was $19.3 million as of December 28, 2019 and $18.4 million as of December 29, 2018, and these investments provided us $3.2 million and $2.2 million of income during fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. Additionally, in fiscal 2018 we purchased an investment that we account for according to the cost method of accounting. The book value of this investment was $5.0 million as of December 28, 2019.

Other Accrued Liabilities

Other Accrued Liabilities. Other accrued liabilities include primarily accrued commissions, accrued income taxes, insurance liabilities, product warranties, and other current liabilities. We warrant our products against certain defects in material and workmanship when used as designed on the vehicle on which it was originally installed. We offer a limited lifetime warranty on most of our products. Our warranty limits the end-user’s remedy to the repair or replacement of the part that is defective. Product warranty reserves, which were $0.6 million as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively, are based upon actual experience and forecasts using the best historical and current claim information available. Provisions and payments related to product warranty reserves were not material in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 or fiscal 2017.

Revenue Recognition and Accrued Customer Rebates and Returns

Revenue Recognition and Accrued Customer Rebates and Returns. Revenue is recognized from product sales when goods are shipped, title and risk of loss and control have been transferred to the customer and collection is reasonably assured. We record estimates for cash discounts, product returns, promotional rebates, core return deposits, and other discounts in the period of the sale ("Customer Credits"). The provision for Customer Credits is recorded as a reduction from gross sales and reserves for Customer Credits are shown as an increase of accrued customer rebates and returns, which is included in current liabilities. Actual Customer Credits have not differed materially from estimated amounts. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in net sales. Costs associated with shipping and handling are included in cost of goods sold.

As noted above, Customer Credits include core return deposits which are an estimate of the amount we believe we will refund to our customers when used cores are returned to us. The price we invoice to customers for remanufactured cores contain both the amount we charge to remanufacture the part and a deposit for the core. We charge a core deposit to encourage the customer to return the used core to us so that it can be used in our remanufacturing process. We allow our customers up to twenty-four months to return the used core to us. Core return deposits are reserved based on the expected deposits to be issued to customers based on historical returns.

Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements

Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements. During the quarter ended June 29, 2019, we identified and corrected an immaterial error that affected previously issued consolidated financial statements. This error related to the application of FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, related to the balance sheet classification of accrued customer rebates and returns that are recognized in connection with sales of our products. We adopted this ASU on December 31, 2017, the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year. We previously recorded accrued customer rebates and returns that were expected to be issued as credits to our customers as a valuation account which offset accounts receivable. Accrued customer rebates and returns are now recorded as a current liability.

Previously issued comparative financial statements, which were revised to correct the error noted above, are presented “As Revised” in the tables presented in the following footnotes.

	December 29, 2018
(in thousands)	As Previously Reported		Adjustment		As Revised
Revised Consolidated Balance Sheet Amounts:
Assets
Accounts receivable, net	$	310,114	$	90,549	$	400,663
Total current assets	$	629,728	$	90,549	$	720,277
Total assets	$	887,557	$	90,549	$	978,106
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Accrued customer rebates and returns	$	6,338	$	90,549	$	96,887
Total current liabilities	$	141,590	$	90,549	$	232,139
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	887,557	$	90,549	$	978,106

	Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2018
(in thousands)	As Previously Reported			Adjustment			As Revised
Revised Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows from Operating Activities Amounts:
Accounts receivable	$	(66,403	)	$	4,990		$	(61,413	)
Accrued customer rebates and returns	$	—		$	(5,173	)	$	(5,173	)
Accrued compensation and other liabilities	$	4,318		$	183		$	4,501
Net cash used in operating activities	$	78,112		$	—		$	78,112

Additionally, as a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, the Company should have disclosed the initial impact to the balance sheet reclassification for accrued customer rebates and returns from accounts receivable, net to accrued customer rebates and returns. The cumulative effect of the changes to the consolidated balance sheet from the adoption was as follows:

(in thousands)	As of December 30, 2017		Effect of Adoption		As of December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable, net	$	241,880	$	95,537	$	337,417
Accrued customer rebates and returns	$	6,522	$	95,537	$	102,059

The correction of this error did not impact our Consolidated Statement of Operations or our Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity in any period presented.

Research and Development

Research and Development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs totaling $21.0 million in fiscal 2019, $20.1 million in fiscal 2018 and $20.0 million in fiscal 2017 have been recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation. At December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, we had awards outstanding under two stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13, Capital Stock. We record compensation expense for all awards granted. The value of restricted stock issued is based on the fair value of our common stock on the grant date. For performance-based restricted stock awards tied to growth and adjusted pre-tax income, compensation costs related to the stock is recognized over the performance period and is calculated using the closing price per share of our common stock on the grant date and an estimate of the probable outcome of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The fair value of performance based restricted stock, for which the performance measure is total shareholder return, was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of stock options granted was determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes. We follow the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets or liabilities at the end of each period are determined using the enacted tax rate expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered.

Unrecognized income tax benefits represent income tax positions taken on income tax returns that have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes the benefit of an income tax position only if it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the tax position will be sustained upon tax examination, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Otherwise, no benefit is recognized. The tax benefits recognized are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Additionally, we accrue interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax exposures for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws. Interest and penalties are classified as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company does not anticipate material changes in the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits over the next year.

Concentrations of Risk

Concentrations of Risk. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and accounts receivable. All cash equivalents are managed within established

guidelines which limit the amount which may be invested with one issuer. A significant percentage of our accounts receivable have been, and will continue to be, concentrated among a relatively small number of automotive retailers and warehouse distributors in the United States. Our four largest customers accounted for 80% of net accounts receivable as of December 28, 2019 and 76% of net accounts receivable as of December 29, 2018, respectively. We continually monitor the credit terms and credit limits to these and other customers. In fiscal 2019, approximately 79% of our products were purchased from suppliers located in a variety of foreign countries, with the largest portion coming from China.

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures. The carrying value of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current assets and liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments. Additionally, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are determined at the date of acquisition. We did not hold any foreign currency forward contracts at December 28, 2019 or December 29, 2018.

New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On December 30, 2018, the beginning of our 2019 fiscal year, we adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which replaces existing lease guidance. The ASU is intended to provide enhanced transparency and comparability by requiring lessees to record right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The new guidance will continue to classify leases as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. Additionally, in August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which includes an option to not restate comparative periods in transition and elect to use the effective date of ASC 842 as the date of initial application of transition. We adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach and adoption resulted in right-of-use assets of $36.3 million and lease liabilities of $37.9 million as of December 29, 2018. Deferred rent and lease incentive liabilities associated with historical operating leases totaling $1.6 million were reclassified to the operating lease right-of-use assets as required by ASC 842. The transition did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Statement of Operations or Statement of Cash Flows. See Note 6 for additional information on leases. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the need to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We are evaluating the new guidance. However, at this time we do not believe the new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which expands the scope of the current employee share-based payment guidance to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees to substantially align the accounting for share-based payments for nonemployees with those made to employees including, the fair value measurement, measurement date and classification of certain awards. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early application permitted. We adopted this ASU effective December 30, 2018, the beginning of our 2019 fiscal year. Adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, which was subsequently amended in November 2018 through ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to estimate lifetime expected credit losses for trade and other receivables, net investments in leases, financial receivables, debt securities, and other instruments, which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. Further, the new credit loss model will affect how entities in all industries estimate their allowance for loss receivables that are current with respect to their payment terms. ASU 2016-13 is effective for companies beginning with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. However, at this time we do not believe this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. ASU 2019-12 is effective for companies beginning with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. However, at this time we do not believe this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.