Earnings before income taxes shown below are based on the geographic location to which such earnings are attributable.


Years ended June 30,	2021		2020		2019

Earnings before income taxes:
United States	$	3,010.9	$	2,815.4	$	2,584.6
Foreign	350.3		367.2		421.0
	$	3,361.2	$	3,182.6	$	3,005.6

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following components:


Years ended June 30,	2021		2020		2019

Current:
Federal	$	749.3	$	468.3	$	464.3
Foreign	121.9		119.5		129.1
State	142.6		102.3		110.1
Total current	1,013.8		690.1		703.5

Deferred:
Federal	(182.6)		23.7		7.9
Foreign	(19.1)		(5.4)		12.8
State	(49.4)		7.7		(11.4)
Total deferred	(251.1)		26.0		9.3
Total provision for income taxes	$	762.7	$	716.1	$	712.8

A reconciliation between the Company's effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate is as follows:


Years ended June 30,	2021		%	2020		%	2019		%

Provision for taxes at U.S. statutory rate	$	705.9	21.0	$	668.4	21.0	$	631.2	21.0

Increase/(decrease) in provision from:

State taxes, net of federal tax benefit	67.2		2.0	85.6		2.7	80.7		2.7
Valuation allowance release on foreign tax credits	—		—	(20.3)		(0.6)	—		—







Foreign rate differential	34.0		1.0	44.9		1.4	46.9		1.6
Excess tax benefit - Stock-based compensation	(8.8)		(0.2)	(26.9)		(0.8)	(29.8)		(1.0)
Other	(35.6)		(1.1)	(35.6)		(1.2)	(16.2)		(0.6)
	$	762.7	22.7	$	716.1	22.5	$	712.8	23.7

The effective tax rate in fiscal 2021 and 2020 was 22.7% and 22.5%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily due to combined benefits from a valuation allowance release related to foreign tax credit carryforwards and a foreign tax law change during fiscal 2020 as well as a decrease in the excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation, partially offset by favorable adjustments to prior year tax liabilities during fiscal 2021.

The effective tax rate for fiscal 2020 and 2019 was 22.5% and 23.7%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the release of a valuation allowance related to foreign tax credit carryforwards, a reduction in the operating tax rate due to the mix between domestic and foreign earnings, the benefit of a foreign tax law change and lower reserves for uncertain tax positions during fiscal 2020 partially offset by favorable adjustments to prior year tax liabilities during fiscal 2019.

The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities and their balance sheet classifications are as follows:


Years ended June 30,	2021		2020

Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses not currently deductible	$	244.2	$	203.0
Stock-based compensation expense	38.4		33.8
Foreign tax credits	21.3		20.1

Net operating losses	46.3		52.0

Retirement benefits	—		46.0
Other	34.7		25.9
	384.9		380.8
Less: valuation allowances	(13.4)		(12.0)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	371.5	$	368.8

Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	494.5	$	475.0
Fixed and intangible assets	119.4		288.2
Prepaid expenses	27.9		82.3
Prepaid retirement benefits	37.7		—
Unrealized investment gains, net	101.7		187.9
Tax on unrepatriated earnings	11.4		22.2
Other	13.6		6.4
Deferred tax liabilities	806.2		1,062.0
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	434.7	$	693.2

There are $48.3 million and $38.8 million of long-term deferred tax assets included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries in an aggregate amount of approximately $291.1 million as the Company considers such earnings to be permanently reinvested outside of the United States. As of June 30, 2021, it is not practicable to estimate the unrecognized tax liability that would occur upon distribution.

The Company has estimated foreign net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $61.8 million as of June 30, 2021, of which $1.1 million expire through June 2031 and $60.7 million have an indefinite utilization period. As of June 30, 2021, the Company has approximately $31.3 million of federal net operating loss carry-forwards from acquired companies. The net operating losses have an annual utilization limitation pursuant to section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and expire through June 2036.

The Company has state net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $348.7 million as of June 30, 2021, which expire through June 2040. The Company has recorded valuation allowances of $13.4 million and $12.0 million at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to reflect the estimated amount of domestic and foreign deferred tax assets that may not be realized.

As of June 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 the Company's liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, which include interest and penalties, were $99.9 million, $62.3 million, and $54.2 million respectively. The amount that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate is $68.5 million, $49.9 million, and $43.3 million, respectively. The remainder, if recognized, would principally impact deferred taxes.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:


	2021		2020		2019

Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of the year	$	62.3	$	54.2	$	45.2
Additions for tax positions	18.8		13.2		9.5

Additions for tax positions of prior periods	32.5		6.3		18.3
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods	(11.0)		(4.3)		(7.7)
Settlement with tax authorities	(1.3)		(4.0)		(10.3)
Expiration of the statute of limitations	(1.5)		(2.8)		(0.6)
Impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations	0.1		(0.3)		(0.2)
Unrecognized tax benefit at end of year	$	99.9	$	62.3	$	54.2

Interest expense and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions have been recorded in the provision for income taxes on the Statements of Consolidated Earnings. During the fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company recorded interest expense of $10.8 million, $1.6 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. During fiscal year 2021, the Company recorded penalties of $0.3 million, penalties recorded during fiscal years 2020, and 2019 were not significant.

At June 30, 2021, the Company had accrued interest of $19.2 million recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $3.9 million was recorded within income taxes payable, and the remainder was recorded within other liabilities. At June 30, 2020, the Company had accrued interest of $8.8 million recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $1.0 million was recorded within income taxes payable, and the remainder was recorded within other liabilities. At June 30, 2021, the Company’s accrued penalties of $0.3 million was recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within income taxes payable. At June 30, 2020, the Company's accrued penalties recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within other liabilities were not material.

The Company is routinely examined by the IRS and tax authorities in foreign countries in which it conducts business, as well as tax authorities in states in which it has significant business operations. The tax years currently under examination vary by jurisdiction. Examinations in progress in which the Company has significant business operations are as follows:


Taxing Jurisdiction						Fiscal Years under Examination


Illinois						2017 - 2018


Massachusetts						2013 - 2014, 2016 - 2018
Texas						2016 - 2018
Michigan						2012 - 2018
New York State						2016 - 2018
New York City						2016 - 2017


India						2004 - 2011, 2013 - 2018

The Company regularly considers the likelihood of assessments resulting from examinations in each of the jurisdictions. The resolution of tax matters is not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial condition of the Company, although a resolution could have a material impact on the Company's Statements of Consolidated Earnings for a particular future period and on the Company's effective tax rate.