Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of components of income tax provision (benefit)

Components of income tax provision (benefit) reflected in the consolidated statements of operations consist of the following (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Current tax provision (benefit):
Domestic	$	1,510	$	—	$	(1,103)
Foreign		5,310		8,217		7,347
Total current	$	6,820	$	8,217	$	6,244
Deferred tax provision (benefit):
Domestic	$	8,689	$	1,167	$	(5,756)
Foreign		2,843		3,219		(9,446)
Total deferred	$	11,532	$	4,386	$	(15,202)
Total income tax provision (benefit)	$	18,352	$	12,603	$	(8,958)

Schedule of components of income (loss) before income taxes

Components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Domestic	$	(31,646)	$	(13,745)	$	(53,989)
Foreign		39,160		(61,436)		(16,653)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	7,514	$	(75,181)	$	(70,642)

Schedule of differences between income tax provision (benefit) at U.S. statutory rate and actual income tax provision (benefit)

The primary differences between the income tax provision (benefit) at the U.S. statutory rate and our actual income tax provision (benefit) are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023				2022				2021
Taxes at U.S. statutory rate	$	1,578	21.0	%	$	(15,788)	21.0	%	$	(14,835)	21.0	%
Foreign tax provision		1,590	21.2			18,011	(24.0)			10,326	(14.6)
Change in valuation allowance		6,374	84.8			8,110	(10.8)			(5,675)	8.0
Non-deductible expenses		2,926	38.9			2,366	(3.1)			1,487	(2.1)
Extinguishment of long-term debt (1)		6,372	84.8			—	—			—	—
Other		(488)	(6.5)			(96)	0.1			(261)	0.4
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	18,352	244.2	%	$	12,603	(16.8)	%	$	(8,958)	12.7	%

(1) Primarily relates to the non-deductibility for U.S. federal income tax purposes of certain charges associated with the 2026 Notes Repurchases (Note 7).

Schedule of deferred income taxes

Deferred income taxes result from the effect of transactions that are recognized in different periods for financial and tax reporting purposes. The nature of these differences and the income tax effect of each are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	$	132,178	$	147,302
Prepaid and other		1,560		1,868
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	133,738	$	149,170
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses	$	(78,250)	$	(53,136)
Reserves, accrued liabilities and other		(26,048)		(19,308)
Total deferred tax assets		(104,298)		(72,444)
Valuation allowance		81,115		22,157
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	110,555	$	98,883