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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Schedule of components of income tax provision (benefit)

Components of income tax provision (benefit) reflected in the consolidated statements of operations consist of the following (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2017

Current	$	4,374	$	4,830		$	4,161
Deferred	3,485		(2,430		)	(54,585		)
	$	7,859	$	2,400		$	(50,424	)



Domestic	$	3,715	$	(3,161	)	$	(53,044	)
Foreign	4,144		5,561			2,620
	$	7,859	$	2,400		$	(50,424	)

Schedule of components of income (loss) before income taxes

Components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2017

Domestic	$	2,219	$	(28,838	)	$	(221	)
Foreign	63,337		59,836			(20,151		)
	$	65,556	$	30,998		$	(20,372	)

Schedule of differences between U.S. statutory rate and effective rate

The primary differences between the U.S. statutory rate and our effective rate are as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017

Statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	35.0	%
Foreign provision	(10.0	)	(15.9	)	(6.2	)
Change in U.S. statutory rate ⁽¹⁾	—		—		293.1
Mandatory U.S. repatriation ⁽¹⁾	—		—		(39.7	)
Change in tax position ⁽²⁾	—		—		(31.1	)
Other	1.0		2.6		(3.6	)
Effective rate	12.0	%	7.7	%	247.5	%


(1)	As a result of the U.S. tax law changes, we recorded a net deferred tax benefit of $51.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2017 (see above).

(2)

As a result of a change in tax position related to our foreign taxes, we recorded a tax charge of $6.3 million in June 2017.

Schedule of deferred income taxes

Deferred income taxes result from the effect of transactions that are recognized in different periods for financial and tax reporting purposes. The nature of these differences and the income tax effect of each are as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2019			2018
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	$	166,239		$	149,974
Debt discounts on 2022 Notes and 2023 Notes	4,643			5,902
Prepaid and other	—			1,309
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	170,882		$	157,185
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses	$	(64,178	)	$	(47,916	)
Reserves, accrued liabilities and other	(13,203		)	(21,347		)
Total deferred tax assets	(77,381		)	(69,263		)
Valuation allowance	18,631			17,940
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	112,132		$	105,862

Reconciliation of beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):



	2019			2018			2017

Balance at January 1,	$	306		$	318		$	343
Additions for tax positions of prior years	—			—			—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(306		)	(12		)	(25		)
Balance at December 31,	$	—		$	306		$	318