UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-10596

ESCO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

MISSOURI	43-1554045
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

9900A CLAYTON ROAD
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI	63124-1186
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(314) 213-7200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share		ESE		New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


Class		Shares outstanding at January 31, 2024
Common stock, $.01 par value per share		25,798,271

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ESCO TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2023		2022
Net sales	$	218,314	205,501
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		134,151	126,383
Selling, general and administrative expenses		53,968	51,302
Amortization of intangible assets		7,868	6,861
Interest expense, net		2,667	1,658
Other expenses, net		206	398
Total costs and expenses		198,860	186,602

Earnings before income taxes		19,454	18,899
Income tax expense		4,285	4,172
Net earnings	$	15,169	14,727

Earnings per share:
Basic - Net earnings	$	0.59	0.57

Diluted - Net earnings	$	0.59	0.57

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ESCO TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)


	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	51,396		41,866
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,274 and $2,264, respectively		194,395		198,557
Contract assets, net		138,393		138,633
Inventories		202,577		184,067
Other current assets		16,441		17,972
Total current assets		603,202		581,095
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $180,909 and $174,698, respectively		159,262		155,484
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $212,750 and $204,881, respectively		422,053		392,124
Goodwill		537,601		503,177
Operating lease assets		38,685		39,839
Other assets		11,723		11,495
Total assets	$	1,772,526		1,683,214

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt and short-term borrowings	$	20,000		20,000
Accounts payable		77,960		86,973
Contract liabilities, net		121,149		112,277
Accrued salaries		33,944		43,814
Accrued other expenses		51,640		51,587
Total current liabilities		304,693		314,651
Deferred tax liabilities		83,802		75,531
Non-current operating lease liabilities		35,709		36,554
Other liabilities		42,228		43,336
Long-term debt		152,000		82,000
Total liabilities		618,432		552,072
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 10,000,000 shares		—		—
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 50,000,000 shares, issued 30,800,586 and 30,781,699 shares, respectively		308		308
Additional paid-in capital		305,283		304,850
Retained earnings		1,002,420		989,315
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(14,555)		(23,969)
		1,293,456		1,270,504
Less treasury stock, at cost: 4,995,414 and 4,995,414 common shares, respectively		(139,362)		(139,362)
Total shareholders’ equity		1,154,094		1,131,142
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,772,526		1,683,214

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ESCO TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings	$	15,169	14,727
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		13,452	12,367
Stock compensation expense		2,180	1,860
Changes in assets and liabilities		(22,539)	(36,920)
Effect of deferred taxes		484	(1,042)
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities		8,746	(9,008)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(56,179)	—
Additions to capitalized software		(2,942)	(2,795)
Capital expenditures		(7,848)	(4,791)
Net cash used by investing activities		(66,969)	(7,586)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt and short-term borrowings		99,000	17,000
Principal payments on long-term debt and short-term borrowings		(29,000)	(38,000)
Dividends paid		(2,064)	(2,067)
Purchases of common stock into treasury		—	(4,147)
Other		(1,432)	(2,412)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities		66,504	(29,626)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		1,249	418
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		9,530	(45,802)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		41,866	97,724
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	51,396	51,922

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	2,520	1,875
Income taxes paid		246	200

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ESCO TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and consequently do not include all the disclosures required for annual financial statements by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).

The Company’s results for the three-month period ended December 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire 2024 fiscal year. References to the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 represent the fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)

Basic EPS is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of dilutive common share options and vesting of performance-accelerated restricted stock unit awards and time - vested restricted stock unit awards by using the treasury stock method. The number of shares used in the calculation of earnings per share for each period presented is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months
	Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic	25,797	25,863
Dilutive Restricted Shares	49	80
Adjusted Shares — Diluted	25,846	25,943

3. ACQUISITION

On November 9, 2023, the Company acquired MPE Limited (MPE), based in the United Kingdom, for a purchase price of approximately $56.2 million, net of cash acquired. MPE is a leading global manufacturer of high-performance EMC/EMP filters and capacitor products for military, utility, telecommunication, and other critical infrastructure applications. Since the date of acquisition, the operating results for the MPE business have been included as part of ETS-Lindgren in the Test segment. The acquisition date fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed primarily were as follows: approximately $0.4 million of accounts receivable, $1.1 million of inventory, $1.7 million of property, plant and equipment, $0.7 million of accounts payable and accrued expenses, $7.8 million of deferred tax liabilities, and $31.1 million of identifiable intangible assets, mainly consisting of customer relationships totaling $29.1 million. The acquired goodwill of $30.3 million related to excess value associated with opportunities to expand the services and products that the Company can offer to its customers. The Company does not anticipate that the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes.

4. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company provides compensation benefits to certain key employees under several share-based plans providing for performance-accelerated and/or time-vested restricted stock unit awards, and to non-employee directors under a separate compensation plan.

Performance-Accelerated Restricted Stock Unit (PARS) Awards, Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) Awards, and Performance Share Unit (PSU) Awards

Compensation expense related to these awards was $1.9 million and $1.6 million for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were 234,036 non-vested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

Non-Employee Directors Plan

Compensation expense related to the non-employee director grants was $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The total share-based compensation cost that has been recognized in the results of operations and included within selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) was $2.2 million and $1.9 million for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in results of operations for share-based compensation arrangements was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 there was $15.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to share-based compensation arrangements. That cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

5. INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:


	December 31,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Finished goods	$	37,996	34,577
Work in process		54,656	42,178
Raw materials		109,925	107,312
Total inventories	$	202,577	184,067

6.	GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are the following intangible assets gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization from continuing operations:


	December 31,		September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2023
Goodwill	$	537,601	503,177

Intangible assets with determinable lives:
Patents
Gross carrying amount	$	2,517	2,516
Less: accumulated amortization		1,253	1,218
Net	$	1,264	1,298

Capitalized software
Gross carrying amount	$	125,237	121,883
Less: accumulated amortization		83,709	80,774
Net	$	41,528	41,109

Customer relationships
Gross carrying amount	$	328,624	296,927
Less: accumulated amortization		117,755	113,311
Net	$	210,869	183,616

Other
Gross carrying amount	$	15,216	14,232
Less: accumulated amortization		10,033	9,578
Net	$	5,183	4,654
Intangible assets with indefinite lives:
Trade names	$	163,209	161,447

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each business segment for the three months ended December 31, 2023 are as follows:


					Aerospace
(Dollars in millions)	USG		Test		& Defense	Total
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	353.6		34.0	115.6	503.2
Acquisition activity		—		30.3	—	30.3
Foreign currency translation		3.3		0.8	—	4.1
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	356.9		65.1	115.6	537.6

7. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company is organized based on the products and services that it offers and classifies its business operations in three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: Aerospace & Defense (A&D), Utility Solutions Group (USG) and RF Test & Measurement (Test). The A&D segment’s operations consist of PTI Technologies Inc. (PTI), VACCO Industries (VACCO), Crissair, Inc. (Crissair), Globe Composite Solutions, LLC (Globe) and Mayday Manufacturing Co. (Mayday). The companies within this segment primarily design and manufacture specialty filtration, fluid control and naval products, including hydraulic filter elements and fluid control devices used in aerospace and defense applications; unique filter mechanisms used in micro-propulsion devices for satellites, custom designed filters for manned aircraft and submarines, products and systems to reduce vibration and/or acoustic signatures and otherwise reduce or obscure a vessel’s signature, and other communications, sealing, surface control and hydrodynamic related applications to enhance U.S. Navy maritime survivability; precision-tolerance machined components for the aerospace and defense industry; metal processing services; and miniature electro-explosive devices utilized in mission-critical defense and aerospace applications.

The USG segment’s operations consist primarily of Doble Engineering Company and related subsidiaries including Morgan Schaffer and Altanova (collectively, Doble), and NRG Systems, Inc. (NRG). Doble is an industry leader in the development, manufacture and delivery of diagnostic testing and data management solutions that enable electric power grid operators to assess the integrity of high voltage power delivery equipment. It combines three core elements for customers – diagnostic test and condition monitoring instruments, expert consulting, and testing services – and provides access to its large reserve of related empirical knowledge. NRG is a global market leader in the design and manufacture of decision support tools for the renewable energy industry, primarily wind and solar.

The Test segment’s operations consist primarily of ETS-Lindgren Inc. and related subsidiaries (ETS-Lindgren). ETS-Lindgren is an industry leader in designing and manufacturing products and systems to measure and control RF and acoustic energy. It serves the acoustics, medical, health and safety, electronics, wireless communications, automotive and defense markets, supplying a broad range of turnkey systems, including RF test facilities and measurement systems, acoustic test enclosures, RF and magnetically shielded rooms and secure communication facilities, and providing the design, program management, installation and integration services required to successfully complete these types of facilities. It also provides a broad range of components including RF absorptive materials, filters, antennas, field probes, test cells, proprietary measurement software and other test accessories required to perform a variety of tests and measurements, and offers a variety of services including calibration and product tests.

Management evaluates and measures the performance of its reportable segments based on “Net Sales” and “EBIT”, which are detailed in the table below. EBIT is defined as earnings before interest and taxes.


	Three Months
	Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
NET SALES
Aerospace & Defense	$	94,733	82,983
USG		82,984	71,045
Test		40,597	51,473
Consolidated totals	$	218,314	205,501

EBIT
Aerospace & Defense	$	16,663	12,536
USG		17,625	16,131
Test		1,779	5,411
Corporate (loss)		(13,946)	(13,521)
Consolidated EBIT		22,121	20,557
Less: Interest expense		(2,667)	(1,658)
Earnings before income taxes	$	19,454	18,899

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The financial measure “EBIT” is presented in the above table and elsewhere in this Report. EBIT on a consolidated basis is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes that EBIT is useful in assessing the operational profitability of the Company’s business segments because it excludes interest and taxes, which are generally accounted for across the entire Company on a consolidated basis. EBIT is also one of the measures used by management in determining resource allocations within the Company as well as incentive compensation. A reconciliation of EBIT to net earnings is set forth in Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – EBIT.

The Company believes that the presentation of EBIT provides important supplemental information to investors to facilitate comparisons with other companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results. However, the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other companies’ non-GAAP financial performance measures. Furthermore, the use of non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to replace any measures of performance determined in accordance with GAAP.

8. DEBT

The Company’s debt is summarized as follows:


	December 31,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Total borrowings	$	172,000	102,000
Current portion of long-term debt		(20,000)	(20,000)
Total long-term debt, less current portion	$	152,000	82,000

The Credit Facility includes a $500 million revolving line of credit as well as provisions allowing for the increase of the credit facility commitment amount by an additional $250 million, if necessary, with the consent of the lenders. The bank syndication supporting the facility is comprised of a diverse group of seven banks led by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A., as syndication agent, and Commerce Bank and TD Bank, N.A. as co-documentation agents. The Credit Facility matures August 30, 2028, with balance due by this date.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $322 million available to borrow under the Credit Facility, plus the $250 million increase option subject to the lenders’ consent, in addition to $51.4 million cash on hand. The Company classified $20 million as the current portion of long-term debt as of December 31, 2023, as the Company intends to repay this amount within the next twelve months; however, the Company no contractual obligation to repay such amount during the next twelve months. The letters of credit issued and outstanding under the Credit Facility totaled $5.8 million at December 31, 2023.

Interest on borrowings under the Credit Facility is calculated at a spread over either an Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, Adjusted CDOR Rate, Alternate Base Rate or Daily Simple RFR, at the Company’s election. The Credit Facility also requires a facility fee ranging from 12.5 to 25 basis points per annum on the unused portion. The interest rate spreads and the facility fee are subject to increase or decrease depending on the Company’s leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rates were 6.8% and 4.6% for the three-month periods ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

9. INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The first quarter 2024 effective income tax rate was 22.0% compared to 22.1% in the first quarter of 2023. There were no significant changes in the effective income tax rate between the periods.

10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The change in shareholders’ equity for the first three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is shown below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Common stock
Beginning balance	$	308	307
Stock plans		—	—
Ending balance		308	307

Additional paid-in-capital
Beginning balance		304,850	301,553
Stock plans		433	(856)
Ending balance		305,283	300,697

Retained earnings
Beginning balance		989,315	905,022
Net earnings common stockholders		15,169	14,727
Dividends paid		(2,064)	(2,067)
Ending balance		1,002,420	917,682

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Beginning balance		(23,969)	(31,764)
Foreign currency translation		9,414	11,513
Ending balance		(14,555)	(20,251)

Treasury stock
Beginning balance		(139,362)	(126,961)
Share repurchases		—	(5,076)
Ending balance		(139,362)	(132,037)

Total equity	$	1,154,094	1,066,398

11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The accounting guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements, based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date, as follows:

●

Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

●

Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

●

Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, inventories, payables, and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s forward contracts and interest rate swaps are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 825, and are immaterial.

Nonfinancial Assets and Liabilities

The Company’s nonfinancial assets such as property, plant and equipment, and other intangible assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence that an impairment may exist. No impairments were recorded during the three-month period ended December 31, 2023.

12. REVENUES

Disaggregation of Revenues

Revenues by customer type, geographic location, and revenue recognition method for the three-month period ended December 31, 2023 are presented in the table below as the Company deems it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of net sales and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The table below also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue within each reportable segment.


	Aerospace
(In thousands)	& Defense		USG		Test		Total
Customer type:
Commercial	$	37,209	$	81,469	$	35,087	$	153,765
Government		57,524		1,515		5,510		64,549
Total revenues	$	94,733	$	82,984	$	40,597	$	218,314

Geographic location:
United States	$	79,901	$	55,961	$	22,252	$	158,114
International		14,832		27,023		18,345		60,200
Total revenues	$	94,733	$	82,984	$	40,597	$	218,314

Revenue recognition method:
Point in time	$	39,465	$	66,703	$	7,980	$	114,148
Over time		55,268		16,281		32,617		104,166
Total revenues	$	94,733	$	82,984	$	40,597	$	218,314

Revenues by customer type, geographic location, and revenue recognition method for the three-month period ended December 31, 2022 are presented in the table below:


	Aerospace
(In thousands)	& Defense		USG		Test		Total
Customer type:
Commercial	$	36,740	$	70,162	$	45,992	$	152,894
Government		46,243		883		5,481		52,607
Total revenues	$	82,983	$	71,045	$	51,473	$	205,501

Geographic location:
United States	$	68,934	$	46,379	$	27,503	$	142,816
International		14,049		24,666		23,970		62,685
Total revenues	$	82,983	$	71,045	$	51,473	$	205,501

Revenue recognition method:
Point in time	$	33,604	$	56,031	$	9,101	$	98,736
Over time		49,379		15,014		42,372		106,765
Total revenues	$	82,983	$	71,045	$	51,473	$	205,501

Revenue Recognition

Payment terms with our customers vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Arrangements with customers that include payment terms extending beyond one year are not significant. The transaction price for these contracts reflects our estimate of returns and discounts, which are based on historical, current and forecasted information to determine the expected amount to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. The realization of variable consideration occurs within a short period of time from product delivery; therefore, the time value of money effect is not significant. We primarily provide standard warranty programs for products in our commercial businesses for periods that typically range from one to two years. These assurance-type programs typically cannot be purchased separately and do not meet the criteria to be considered a performance obligation. Under the typical payment terms of our long term fixed price contracts, the customer pays us either performance-based or progress payments. Performance-based payments represent interim payments based on quantifiable measures of performance or on the achievement of specified events or milestones. Progress payments are interim payments of costs incurred as the work progresses.

For our overtime revenue recognized using the output method of costs incurred, contract cost is estimated utilizing current contract specifications and expected engineering requirements. Contract costs typically are incurred over a period of several months to one or more years, and the estimation of these costs requires judgment. Our cost estimation process is based on the professional knowledge and experience of engineers and program managers along with finance professionals. We review and update our projections of costs quarterly or more frequently when circumstances significantly change. In addition, in the USG segment, we recognize revenue as a series of distinct services based on each day of providing services (straight-line over the contract term) for certain of our USG segment contracts. Under the typical payment terms of our service contracts, the customer pays us in advance of when services are performed. In addition, in the Test segment, we use milestones to measure progress for our Test segment contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer that occurs as we incur costs on our contracts.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations, which is the equivalent of backlog, represent the expected transaction price allocated to contracts that the Company expects to recognize as revenue in future periods when the Company performs under the contracts. These remaining obligations include amounts that have been formally appropriated under contracts with the U.S. Government, and exclude unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts such as Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contracts. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $847.8 million in remaining performance obligations of which the Company expects to recognize revenues of approximately 66% in the next twelve months.

Contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts receivable

Assets and liabilities related to contracts with customers are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. At December 31, 2023, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts receivable totaled $138.4 million, $131.9 million and $194.4 million, respectively. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company recognized approximately $24.4 million in revenues that were included in the contract liabilities balance at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts receivable totaled $138.6 million, $123.1 million and $198.6 million, respectively.

13. LEASES

The Company determines at lease inception whether an arrangement that provides control over the use of an asset is a lease. The Company recognizes at lease commencement a right-of-use (ROU) asset and lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. The Company has elected not to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability for leases with terms of 12 months or less. Certain of the Company’s leases include options to extend the term of the lease for up to 20 years. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option, Management includes the impact of the option in the lease term for purposes of determining total future lease payments. As most of the Company’s lease agreements do not explicitly state the discount rate implicit in the lease, Management uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on the commencement date to calculate the present value of future payments based on the tenor of each arrangement.

The Company’s leases for real estate commonly include escalating payments. These variable lease payments are included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. In addition to the present value of the future lease payments, the calculation of the ROU asset also includes any deferred rent, lease pre-payments and initial direct costs of obtaining the lease.

In addition to the base rent, real estate leases typically contain provisions for common-area maintenance and other similar services, which are considered non-lease components for accounting purposes. Non-lease components are excluded from ROU assets and lease liabilities and expensed as incurred.

The Company’s leases are for office space, manufacturing facilities, and machinery and equipment.

The components of lease costs are shown below:


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	December 31,		December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	393		393
Interest on lease liabilities		223		236
Operating lease cost		1,864		1,645
Total lease costs	$	2,480		2,274

Additional information related to leases are shown below:


	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended
	December 31,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023			2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,819			1,601
Operating cash flows from finance leases		223			236
Financing cash flows from finance leases		355			327
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	—			13,964
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases		11.1	years		11.6	years
Finance leases		11.1	years		11.7	years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases		4.5	%		4.4	%
Finance leases		4.7	%		4.6	%

The following is a reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating and finance lease liabilities, and the related ROU assets, presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on December 31, 2023:


(Dollars in thousands)	Operating		Finance
Years Ending September 30:	Leases		Leases
2024 (excluding the three months ended December 31, 2023)	$	5,044	1,634
2025		5,684	2,233
2026		4,472	2,297
2027		4,265	2,356
2028 and thereafter		32,991	16,470
Total minimum lease payments		52,456	24,990
Less: amounts representing interest		11,869	6,010
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	40,587	18,980
Less: current portion of lease obligations		4,878	1,348
Non-current portion of lease obligations	$	35,709	17,632

ROU assets	$	38,685	14,799

Operating lease liabilities are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in accrued other expenses (current portion) and as a caption on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (long-term portion). Finance lease liabilities are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in accrued other expenses (current portion) and other liabilities (long-term portion). Operating lease ROU assets are included as a caption on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and finance lease ROU assets are included in Property, plant and equipment on the Consolidated Balance sheet.

14. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The new segment disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Management will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation in our fiscal year 2025. Other than additional disclosure, we do not expect a change to our consolidated statements of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Management will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation in our fiscal year 2026. Other than additional disclosure, we do not expect a change to our consolidated statements of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References to the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 represent the three-month periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

OVERVIEW

Sales, net earnings and diluted earnings per share were $218.3 million, $15.2 million and $0.59 per share, respectively, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $205.5 million, $14.7 million and $0.57 per share, respectively, in the first quarter of 2023.

NET SALES

Net sales increased $12.8 million, or 6.2%, to $218.3 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $205.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. The increase in net sales in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 was due to a $12.0 million increase in the USG segment, and an $11.7 million increase in the Aerospace & Defense segment, partially offset by a $10.9 million decrease in the Test segment.

-Aerospace & Defense (A&D)

Net sales of $94.7 million in the first quarter of 2024 were $11.7 million, or 14.1%, higher than the $83.0 million in the first quarter of 2023. The sales increase in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to an approximately $7.0 million increase in aerospace shipments at Mayday, Crissair and PTI, and a $4.7 million increase in net sales at Globe driven mainly by the CMT acquisition.

-USG

Net sales of $83.0 million in the first quarter of 2024 were $12.0 million, or 16.9% higher than the $71.0 million in the first quarter of 2023. The increase in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to a $7.6 million increase in net sales at Doble driven by higher sales of offline testing products and services and a $4.4 million increase in net sales at NRG driven by continued strength in the renewables end-market.

-Test

Net sales of $40.6 million in the first quarter of 2024 were $10.9 million, or 21.2%, lower than the $51.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to $7.5 million of lower sales from the segment’s U.S operations and $3.4 million of lower sales from the segment’s Asian and European operations, all due to the timing of test and measurement chamber projects.

ORDERS AND BACKLOG

Backlog was $847.8 million at December 31, 2023 compared with $772.4 million at September 30, 2023. The Company received new orders totaling $293.7 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $228.9 million in the first quarter of 2023. Of the new orders received in the first quarter of 2024, $171.5 million related to Aerospace & Defense products, $77.0 million related to USG products, and $45.2 million related to Test products. Of the new orders received in the first quarter of 2023, $97.3 million related to Aerospace & Defense products, $80.2 million related to USG products, and $51.4 million related to Test products.

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $54.0 million (24.7% of net sales) for the first quarter of 2024, compared with $51.3 million (25.0% of net sales) for the first quarter of 2023. The increase in SG&A in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to an increase within the USG and A&D segments due to higher sales, inflationary impacts and acquisition impacts.

AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Amortization of intangible assets was $7.9 million and $6.9 million for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expenses consist of amortization of acquired intangible assets from acquisitions and other identifiable intangible assets (primarily

software). The increase in amortization expense in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to an increase in amortization of capitalized software and amortization of intangible assets related to the MPE and CMT acquisitions.

OTHER EXPENSES, NET

Other expenses, net, were $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2023. There were no individually significant items in other expenses, net, in the first quarter of 2024. The principal component of other expenses, net, in the first quarter of 2023 included approximately $0.2 million of restructuring charges within the A&D segment.

EBIT

The Company evaluates the performance of its operating segments based on EBIT, and provides EBIT on a consolidated basis, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Please refer to the discussion of non-GAAP financial measures in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, above. EBIT was $22.1 million (10.1% of net sales) for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $20.6 million (10.0% of net sales) for the first quarter of 2023.

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBIT to a GAAP financial measure:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Net earnings	$	15,169		14,727
Plus: Interest expense, net		2,667		1,658
Plus: Income tax expense		4,285		4,172
Consolidated EBIT	$	22,121		20,557

–Aerospace & Defense

EBIT was $16.7 million (17.6% of net sales) in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $12.5 million (15.1% of net sales) in the first quarter of 2023. The increase in EBIT in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to higher sales volumes at Mayday, Crissair & Globe mentioned above.

-USG

EBIT was $17.6 million (21.2% of net sales) in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $16.1 million (22.7% of net sales) in the first quarter of 2023. The increase in EBIT in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to the higher sales volumes at both Doble and NRG in the first quarter of 2024.

-Test

EBIT was $1.8 million (4.4% of net sales) in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $5.4 million (10.5% of net sales) in the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in EBIT in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was primarily driven by the lower sales volumes from the segment’s U.S. and Asian operations. In addition, EBIT in the first quarter of 2024 was negatively impacted by $0.3 million of inventory step-up charges related to the MPE acquisition.

–Corporate

Corporate costs included in EBIT were $13.9 million and $13.5 million in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in Corporate costs in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to an increase in share based compensation costs and costs related to the MPE acquisition.

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET

Interest expense was $2.7 million and $1.7 million in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in interest expense in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly due to higher average interest rates (6.8% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 4.6% in the first quarter of 2023) and higher average outstanding borrowings.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The effective income tax rate was 22.0% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 22.1% in the first quarter of 2023. There were no significant changes in the effective income tax rate between the periods.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

The Company’s overall financial position and liquidity remain strong. Working capital (current assets less current liabilities) increased to $298.5 million at December 31, 2023 from $266.4 million at September 30, 2023. Inventories increased $18.5 million during this period mainly due to a $9.1 million increase within the Aerospace & Defense segment, a $7.5 million increase within the USG segment and a $1.9 million increase within the Test segment primarily from an increase in work in process inventories due to timing of manufacturing existing orders. Accrued salaries decreased by $9.9 million during this period due to timing of salaries and bonus payments.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $8.7 million and net cash used by operating activities was $(9.0) million in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 was mainly driven by an increase in contract liabilities and lower accounts receivable balances due to timing of collections.

Capital expenditures were $7.8 million and $4.8 million in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in the first quarter of 2024 was mainly due to an increase in building improvements and machinery & equipment within the A&D segment. In addition, the Company incurred expenditures for capitalized software of approximately $2.9 million and $2.8 million in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Acquisition

Credit Facility

At December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $322 million available to borrow under its bank credit facility, a $250 million increase option, and $51.4 million cash on hand. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $172 million of outstanding borrowings under the credit facility in addition to outstanding letters of credit of $5.8 million. Cash flow from operations and borrowings under the Company’s credit facility are expected to meet the Company’s capital requirements and operational needs for the foreseeable future. The Company’s ability to access the additional $250 million increase option of the credit facility is subject to acceptance by participating or other outside banks.

Dividends

A dividend of $0.08 per share, totaling $2.1 million, was paid on October 17, 2023 to stockholders of record as of October 3, 2023. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, a quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share, totaling $2.1 million, was paid on January 19, 2024 to stockholders of record as of January 4, 2024.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Management has evaluated the accounting policies used in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements and related notes and believes those policies to be reasonable and appropriate. Certain of these accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by Management in selecting appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on historical experience, trends in the industry, information provided by customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. The most significant areas involving Management judgments and estimates may be found in the Critical Accounting Policies section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis and in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

OTHER MATTERS

Contingencies

As a normal incident of the business in which the Company is engaged, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced against the Company. Additionally, the Company is currently involved in various stages of investigation and remediation relating to environmental matters. In the opinion of Management, the aggregate costs involved in the resolution of these matters, and final judgments, if any, which might be rendered against the Company, are adequately reserved, are covered by insurance, or would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results from operations, capital expenditures, or competitive position.

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements contained in this Form 10-Q regarding future events and the Company’s future results that reflect or are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, projections or assumptions about the Company’s performance and the industries in which the Company operates are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Federal securities laws. These may include, but are not necessarily limited to, statements about: the strength of certain end markets served by the Company, and the timing of the recovery of certain end markets which the Company serves; the adequacy of the Company’s credit facility and the Company’s ability to increase it; the outcome of current litigation, claims and charges; timing of the repayment of the current portion of the Company’s long-term debt; future revenues from remaining performance obligations; fair values of reporting units; the deductibility of goodwill; estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities; the recognition of compensation cost related to share-based compensation arrangements; the Company’s ability to hedge against or otherwise manage market risks through the use of derivative financial instruments; the extent to which hedging gains or losses will be offset by losses or gains on related underlying exposures; and any other statements contained herein which are not strictly historical. Words such as expects, anticipates, targets, goals, projects, intends, plans, believes, estimates, variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

Investors are cautioned that such statements are only predictions and speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and the Company undertakes no duty to update them except as may be required by applicable laws or regulations. The Company’s actual results in the future may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties that exist in the Company’s operations and business environment, including but not limited to those described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, and the following: the impacts of climate change and related regulation of greenhouse gases; the impacts of labor disputes, civil disorder, wars, elections, political changes, tariffs and trade disputes, terrorist activities, cyberattacks or natural disasters on the Company’s operations and those of the Company’s customers and suppliers; disruptions in manufacturing or delivery arrangements due to shortages or unavailability of materials or components; or supply chain disruptions; inability to access work sites; the timing and content of future contract awards or customer orders; the timely appropriation, allocation and availability of Government funds; the termination for convenience of Government and other customer contracts or orders; weakening of economic conditions in served markets; the success of the Company’s competitors; changes in customer demands or customer insolvencies; competition; intellectual property rights; technical difficulties or data breaches; the availability of selected acquisitions; delivery delays or defaults by customers; performance issues with key customers, suppliers and subcontractors; material changes in the costs and availability of certain raw materials; material changes in the cost of credit; changes in laws and regulations including but not limited to changes in accounting standards and taxation; changes in interest rates; costs relating to environmental matters arising from current or former facilities; uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of current disputes, claims, litigation or arbitration; and the integration and performance of recently acquired businesses.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risks relating to the Company’s operations result primarily from changes in interest rates and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and selectively uses derivative financial instruments, including forward contracts and swaps, to manage these risks. The Company’s Canadian subsidiary Morgan Schaffer enters into foreign exchange contracts to manage foreign currency risk as a portion of their revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars. All derivative instruments are reported on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the respective derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income until recognized in earnings with the underlying hedged item. There has been no material change to the Company’s market risks since September 30, 2023.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of Management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Company reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company did not repurchase any shares during the first quarter of 2024.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, no director or officer (as defined in Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 16a-1(f)) of the Company adopted or terminated:

(i)

Any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of SEC Rule 10b5-1(c) (a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”); or

(ii)

Any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Item 408(c) of SEC Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description	Document Location

3.1(a)	Restated Articles of Incorporation	Exhibit 3(a) to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1999

3.1(b)	Amended Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of the Registrant	Exhibit 4(e) to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2000

3.1(c)	Articles of Merger effective July 10, 2000	Exhibit 3(c) to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2000

3.1(d)	Amendment of Articles of Incorporation effective February 5, 2018	Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed February 7, 2018

3.2	Bylaws	Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed November 22, 2022

4.2	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated August 30, 2023	Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed September 6, 2023

10.1	Form of Fiscal 2024 Performance Share Unit Awards to Executive Officers under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan	Filed herewith

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer	Filed herewith

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith

32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document*	Submitted herewith

101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document*	Submitted herewith

101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document*	Submitted herewith

101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*	Submitted herewith

101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document*	Submitted herewith

101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document*	Submitted herewith

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (contained in Exhibit 101)	Submitted herewith

*	Exhibit 101 to this report consists of documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). The financial information contained in the XBRL – related documents is “unaudited” or “unreviewed”.

	ESCO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

	/s/ Christopher L. Tucker
	Christopher L. Tucker
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(As duly authorized officer and principal accounting and financial officer of the registrant)

Dated: February 9, 2024