Segment and Geographic Information

The Company evaluates and reviews its results based on three business segments: E&P Technology & Services, Operations Optimization, and Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies. The Company measures segment operating results based on income (loss) from operations.

A summary of segment information follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018				2017			2016
Net revenues:
E&P Technology & Services:
New Venture	$	69,685			$	100,824		$	27,362
Data Library	47,095				40,016			39,989
Total multi-client revenues	116,780				140,840			67,351
Imaging Services	19,740				16,409			25,538
Total	$	136,520			$	157,249		$	92,889
Operations Optimization:
Devices	$	22,396			$	23,610		$	26,746
Optimization Software & Services	21,129				16,695			16,756
Total	$	43,525			$	40,305		$	43,502
Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies	$	—			$	—		$	36,417
Total	$	180,045			$	197,554		$	172,808
Gross profit (loss):
E&P Technology & Services	$	43,369			$	65,196		$	4,708
Operations Optimization	22,293				20,076			21,745
Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies	(6,042		)		(9,633		)	9,579
Total	$	59,620			$	75,639		$	36,032
Gross margin:
E&P Technology & Services	32		%		41		%	5		%
Operations Optimization	51		%		50		%	50		%
Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies	—		%		—		%	26		%
Total	33		%		38		%	21		%
Income (loss) from operations:
E&P Technology & Services	$	21,758			$	42,505		$	(16,446	)
Operations Optimization	7,295				8,022			9,652
Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies	(47,644		)	^(a)	(16,259		)	(1,756		)
Support and other	(35,681		)		(42,967		)	(34,621		)
Loss from operations	(54,272		)		(8,699		)	(43,171		)
Interest expense, net	(12,972		)		(16,709		)	(18,485		)
Other income (expense), net	(436		)		(3,945		)	1,350
Loss before income taxes	$	(67,680	)		$	(29,353	)	$	(60,306	)

^(a) Includes a charge of $36.6 million to write-down the cable-based ocean bottom acquisition technologies associated with the Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies segment. This impairment relates to property, plant, equipment and seismic rental equipment of $21.3 million within the Operations Optimization segment and $15.3 million within the Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies segment.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Depreciation and amortization (including multi-client data library):
E&P Technology & Services	$	51,673	$	53,663	$	44,100
Operations Optimization	995		1,349		1,780
Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies	4,231		7,001		7,511
Support and other	852		1,681		1,919
Total	$	57,751	$	63,694	$	55,310



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Total assets:
E&P Technology & Services	$	165,132		$	156,555
Operations Optimization	51,783			74,361
Ocean Bottom Integrated Technologies	1,177			20,828
Support and other	26,657			49,325
Total	$	244,749	^(a)	$	301,069

^(a) Balance is net of impairment charge of $36.6 million related to the cable-based ocean bottom acquisition technologies.

A summary of total assets by geographic area follows (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2018		2017
North America	$	86,614	$	116,598
Latin America	69,418		55,661
Middle East	52,037		70,308
Europe	31,566		51,876
Other	5,114		6,626
Total	$	244,749	$	301,069

A summary of property, plant, equipment and seismic equipment less accumulated depreciation and impairment by geographic area follows (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2018			2017
North America	$	11,663		$	10,609
Europe	1,140			20,725
Latin America	143			170
Middle East	36			20,543
Other	59			106
Total	$	13,041	^(a)	$	52,153

^(a) Balance is net of impairment charge of $36.6 million related to the cable-based ocean bottom acquisition technologies.

Intersegment sales are insignificant for all periods presented. Support and other assets include all assets specifically related to support personnel and operation and a majority of cash and cash equivalents. Depreciation and amortization expense is allocated to segments based upon use of the underlying assets.

A summary of net revenues by geographic area follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Latin America	$	68,871	$	68,241	$	24,090
North America	44,474		48,120		38,005
Europe	31,077		44,930		41,674
Asia Pacific	17,817		18,896		16,226
Africa	10,837		6,837		41,417
Middle East	5,526		2,308		9,467
Commonwealth of Independent States	1,443		8,222		1,929
Total	$	180,045	$	197,554	$	172,808

Net revenues are attributed to geographic areas on the basis of the ultimate destination of the equipment or service, if known, or the geographic area imaging services are provided. If the ultimate destination of such equipment is not known, net revenues are attributed to the geographic area of initial shipment.