Stockholders' Equity and Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Transactions Under the Stock Option Plans

Transactions under the stock option plans are summarized as follows:

	Option Price per Share	Outstanding		Vested		Available for Grant
January 1, 2015	$37.05-245.85	599,069		358,390		183,468
Granted	34.20	53,328		—		(53,328	)
Vested	—	—		79,779		—
Cancelled/forfeited	37.05-231.45	(91,600	)	(53,864	)	12,358
Restricted stock granted out of option plans	—	—		—		(45,652	)
Restricted stock forfeited or cancelled for employee minimum income taxes and returned to the plans	—	—		—		157
December 31, 2015	34.20-245.85	560,797		384,305		97,003
Increase in shares authorized	—	—		—		1,150,940
Granted	3.10	415,000		—		(415,000	)
Vested	—	—		67,480		—
Cancelled/forfeited	3.10-245.85	(128,162	)	(103,432	)	18,895
Restricted stock granted out of option plans	—	—		—		(259,300	)
Restricted stock forfeited or cancelled for employee minimum income taxes and returned to the plans	—	—		—		7,182
December 31, 2016	3.10-245.85	847,635		348,353		599,720
Granted	13.15	156,000		—		(156,000	)
Vested	—	—		149,537		—
Exercised	3.10	(15,000	)	(15,000	)	—
Cancelled/forfeited	3.10-245.85	(98,294	)	(47,612	)	82,118
Restricted stock granted out of option plans	—	—		—		(59,500	)
Restricted stock forfeited or cancelled for employee minimum income taxes and returned to the plans	—	—		—		22,065
December 31, 2017	$3.10-$245.85	890,341		435,278		488,403

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows:

Option Price per Share	Outstanding	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options		Weighted Average Remaining Contract Life	Vested	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Vested Options
$3.10 - $57.90	641,030	$	15.17	7.1 years	202,312	$	29.89
$61.05 - $71.85	76,963	$	62.14	5.8 years	60,618	$	62.43
$81.60 - $99.60	115,742	$	88.79	4.4 years	115,742	$	88.79
$106.05 - $245.85	56,606	$	131.16	2.7 years	56,606	$	131.16
Totals	890,341	$	36.17	6.4 years	435,278	$	63.25

Additional Information Related to the Company's Stock Options

Additional information related to the Company’s stock options follows:

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
Total outstanding at January 1, 2017	847,635		$	46.21			6.1 years	$	1,175
Options granted	156,000		$	13.15	$	8.10
Options exercised	(15,000	)	$	3.10
Options cancelled	(50,682	)	$	7.32
Options forfeited	(47,612	)	$	180.52
Total outstanding at December 31, 2017	890,341		$	36.17			6.4 years	$	6,774
Options exercisable and vested at December 31, 2017	435,278		$	63.25			5.4 years	$	1,436

Status of the Company's Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The status of the Company’s restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards for 2017 follows:

	Number of  Shares/Units
Total nonvested at January 1, 2017	285,308
Granted	59,500
Vested	(115,577	)
Forfeited	(27,529	)
Total nonvested at December 31, 2017	201,702

Schedule of Valuation Assumptions

The following assumptions were used:

	December 31, 2017
Risk-free interest rates	2.36%
Expected lives (in years)	1.25
Expected dividend yield	—%
Expected volatility	77.8%

The Company calculated the fair value of each stock option on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following assumptions were used for each respective period:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017	2016	2015
Risk-free interest rates	2.14%	1.3%	1.38%
Expected lives (in years)	5.0	5.5	4.5
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%	—%
Expected volatility	74.41%	78.76%	59.32%

Pursuant to ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” the SARs are considered liability awards and as such, these amounts are accrued in the liability section of the balance sheet. The Company calculated the fair value of each SAR award on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The following assumptions were used:

	December 31, 2015
Risk-free interest rates	2.19%
Expected lives (in years)	3.3
Expected dividend yield	—%
Expected volatility	69.38%

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Appreciation Rights Award Activity

Additional information related to the Company's SARs follows:

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
Total outstanding at January 1, 2015	9,333		$	45.00			2.9 years	$	—
SARs granted	207,199		$	34.20	$	9.94
Total outstanding at December 31, 2015	216,532		$	34.67
SARs granted	1,210,000		$	3.10	$	17.55
SARs cancelled	(10,399	)	$	34.20
Total outstanding at December 31, 2016	1,416,133		$	7.70
SARs exercised	(713,330	)	$	3.10
SARs cancelled	(136,939	)	$	7.70
Total outstanding at December 31, 2017	565,864		$	13.49			7.2 years	$	6,327
SARs exercisable and vested at December 31, 2017	44,332		$	11.92			7.2 years	$	583

Summary of Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following tables summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as follows (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Stock-based compensation expense	$	2,552		$	3,267		$	5,486
Tax benefit related thereto	(862		)	(1,168		)	(1,826		)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax	$	1,690		$	2,099		$	3,660

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Stock appreciation rights expense	$	6,611		$	547		$	(54	)
Tax benefit related thereto	(2,314		)	(191		)	19
Stock appreciation rights expense, net of tax	$	4,297		$	356		$	(35	)