N-PX 1 v085056_npx.txt FORM N-PX ANNUAL REPORT OF PROXY VOTING RECORD OF REGISTERED MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY Investment Company Act file number 811-06673 Parnassus Income Funds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) One Market - Steuart Tower #1600 San Francisco, CA 94105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Address of principal executive offices) Debra Early Parnassus Income Funds One Market - Steuart Tower #1600 San Francisco, CA 94105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Name and address of agent for service) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (415) 778-0200 Date of fiscal year end: December 31 Date of reporting period: 07/01/2006 to 06/30/2007 ============================== EQUITY INCOME FUND ============================== 3M CO Ticker: MMM Security ID: 88579Y101 Meeting Date: MAY 8, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Linda G. Alvarado For For Management 1.2 Elect Director George W. Buckley For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Vance D. Coffman For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Michael L. Eskew For For Management 1.5 Elect Director W. James Farrell For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Herbert L. Henkel For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Edward M. Liddy For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Robert S. Morrison For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Aulana L. Peters For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Rozanne L. Ridgway For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Reduce Supermajority Vote Requirement For For Management 4 Rescind Fair Price Provision For For Management 5 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 6 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 7 Pay For Superior Performance Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AFLAC INCORPORATED Ticker: AFL Security ID: 001055102 Meeting Date: MAY 7, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 28, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Daniel P. Amos For For Management 1.2 Elect Director John Shelby Amos, II For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Paul S. Amos, II For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Yoshiro Aoki For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Michael H. Armacost For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Kriss Cloninger, III For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Joe Frank Harris For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Elizabeth J. Hudson For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Kenneth S. Janke, Sr. For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Douglas W. Johnson For For Management 1.11 Elect Director Robert B. Johnson For For Management 1.12 Elect Director Charles B. Knapp For For Management 1.13 Elect Director E. Stephen Purdom, M.D. For For Management 1.14 Elect Director Barbara K. Rimer, Ph.D. For For Management 1.15 Elect Director Marvin R. Schuster For For Management 1.16 Elect Director David Gary Thompson For For Management 1.17 Elect Director Robert L. Wright For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AMGEN, INC. Ticker: AMGN Security ID: 031162100 Meeting Date: MAY 9, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 12, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director Frank J. Biondi, Jr. For For Management 2 Elect Director Jerry D. Choate For For Management 3 Elect Director Frank C. Herringer For For Management 4 Elect Director Gilbert S. Omenn For For Management 5 Ratify Auditors For For Management 6 Declassify the Board of Directors For For Management 7 Declassify the Board of Directors For For Management 8 Develop an Animal Welfare Policy Against For Shareholder 9 Prepare a Sustainability Report Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC. Ticker: NLY Security ID: 035710409 Meeting Date: MAY 24, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 27, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Kevin P. Brady For For Management 1.2 Elect Director E. Wayne Nordberg For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APACHE CORP. Ticker: APA Security ID: 037411105 Meeting Date: MAY 2, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 13, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director Eugene C. Fiedorek For For Management 2 Elect Director Patricia Albjerg Graham For Against Management 3 Elect Director F. H. Merelli For For Management 4 Elect Director Raymond Plank For For Management 5 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 6 Company-Specific --Reimbursement of Proxy Against Against Shareholder Expenses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APPLIED MATERIALS, INC. Ticker: AMAT Security ID: 038222105 Meeting Date: MAR 14, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: JAN 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Michael H. Armacost For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Robert H. Brust For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Deborah A. Coleman For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Philip V. Gerdine For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Thomas J. Iannotti For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Charles Y.S. Liu For For Management 1.7 Elect Director James C. Morgan For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Gerhard H. Parker For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Willem P. Roelandts For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Michael R. Splinter For For Management 2 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Amend Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 4 Amend Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 5 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BEST BUY CO., INC. Ticker: BBY Security ID: 086516101 Meeting Date: JUN 27, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 30, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Ronald James For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Elliot S. Kaplan For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Matthew H. Paul For For Management 1.4 Elect Director James E. Press For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Richard M. Schulze For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Mary A. Tolan For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Hatim A. Tyabji For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Rogelio M. Rebolledo For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CANON INC. Ticker: 7751 Security ID: 138006309 Meeting Date: MAR 29, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: DEC 28, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 DIVIDEND FROM SURPLUS For For Management 2 PARTIAL AMENDMENT TO THE ARTICLES OF For For Management INCORPORATION 3 ELECTION OF TWENTY-SEVEN DIRECTORS For For Management 4 ELECTION OF ONE CORPORATE AUDITOR For For Management 5 GRANT OF RETIREMENT ALLOWANCE TO For For Management DIRECTORS TO BE RETIRED 6 GRANT OF BONUS TO DIRECTORS For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CEDAR FAIR, L.P. Ticker: FUN Security ID: 150185106 Meeting Date: MAY 17, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 26, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Richard S. Ferreira For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Richard L. Kinzel For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Thomas A. Tracy For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMED CORP. Ticker: CHE Security ID: 16359R103 Meeting Date: MAY 21, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 30, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Edward L. Hutton For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Kevin J. Mcnamara For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Charles H. Erhart, Jr. For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Joel F. Gemunder For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Patrick P. Grace For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Thomas C. Hutton For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Walter L. Krebs For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Sandra E. Laney For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Timothy S. O'Toole For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Donald E. Saunders For For Management 1.11 Elect Director George J. Walsh III For For Management 1.12 Elect Director Frank E.Wood For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. Ticker: CSCO Security ID: 17275R102 Meeting Date: NOV 15, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: SEP 18, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Carol A. Bartz For For Management 1.2 Elect Director M. Michele Burns For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Michael D. Capellas For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Larry R. Carter For For Management 1.5 Elect Director John T. Chambers For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Dr. John L. Hennessy For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Richard M. Kovacevich For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Roderick C. McGeary For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Steven M. West For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Jerry Yang For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Performance-Based and/or Time-Based Against For Shareholder Equity Awards 4 Report on Pay Disparity Against Against Shareholder 5 Report on Internet Fragmentation Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COACH, INC. Ticker: COH Security ID: 189754104 Meeting Date: NOV 2, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: SEP 14, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Lew Frankfort For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Susan Kropf For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Gary Loveman For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Ivan Menezes For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Irene Miller For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Keith Monda For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Michael Murphy For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Jide Zeitlin For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DENTSPLY INTERNATIONAL, INC. Ticker: XRAY Security ID: 249030107 Meeting Date: MAY 15, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 27, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Paula H. Cholmondeley For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Michael J. Coleman For For Management 1.3 Elect Director John C. Miles II For For Management 1.4 Elect Director W. Keith Smith For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEVON ENERGY CORP. Ticker: DVN Security ID: 25179M103 Meeting Date: JUN 6, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Thomas F. Ferguson For For Management 1.2 Elect Director David M. Gavrin For For Management 1.3 Elect Director John Richels For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EBAY INC. Ticker: EBAY Security ID: 278642103 Meeting Date: JUN 14, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 16, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Philippe Bourguignon For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Thomas J. Tierney For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Margaret C. Whitman For For Management 2 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Amend Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ELECTRO SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIES, INC. Ticker: ESIO Security ID: 285229100 Meeting Date: OCT 5, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: AUG 7, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Richard J. Faubert For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Keith L. Thomson For Withhold Management 1.3 Elect Director Jon D. Tompkins For Withhold Management 2 Ratify Auditors For Against Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ENDO PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS INC Ticker: ENDP Security ID: 29264F205 Meeting Date: MAY 30, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 18, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director John J. Delucca For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Michel De Rosen For For Management 1.3 Elect Director George F. Horner, III For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Michael Hyatt For Withhold Management 1.5 Elect Director Roger H. Kimmel For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Peter A. Lankau For For Management 1.7 Elect Director C.A. Meanwell For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ENERGEN CORP. Ticker: EGN Security ID: 29265N108 Meeting Date: APR 25, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 2, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Stephen D. Ban For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Julian W. Banton For For Management 1.3 Elect Director T. Michael Goodrich For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Wm. Michael Warren, Jr. For For Management 1.5 Elect Director James T. McManus, II For For Management 2 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FISERV, INC. Ticker: FISV Security ID: 337738108 Meeting Date: MAY 23, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 20, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Kim M. Robak For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Thomas C. Wertheimer For For Management 2 Company Specific- Provide Majority Vote For For Management for the Election of Directors 3 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOOT LOCKER INC Ticker: FL Security ID: 344849104 Meeting Date: MAY 30, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 5, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director James E. Preston For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Matthew D. Serra For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Dona D. Young For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Christopher A Sinclair For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GEN-PROBE, INC. Ticker: GPRO Security ID: 36866T103 Meeting Date: MAY 31, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director Mae C. Jemison, M.D. For Did Not Management Vote 2 Elect Director Armin M. Kessler For Did Not Management Vote 3 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For Did Not Management Vote 4 Ratify Auditors For Did Not Management Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GENENTECH, INC. Ticker: DNA Security ID: 368710406 Meeting Date: APR 20, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 20, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Herbert W. Boyer, Ph.D. For For Management 1.2 Elect Director William M. Burns For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Erich Hunziker, Ph.D. For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Jonathan K.C. Knowles, For For Management Ph.D. 1.5 Elect Director Arthur D. Levinson, Ph.D. For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Debra L. Reed For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Charles A. Sanders, M.D. For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GOOGLE INC Ticker: GOOG Security ID: 38259P508 Meeting Date: MAY 10, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 22, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Eric Schmidt For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Sergey Brin For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Larry Page For For Management 1.4 Elect Director L. John Doerr For For Management 1.5 Elect Director John L. Hennessy For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Arthur D. Levinson For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Ann Mather For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Paul S. Otellini For For Management 1.9 Elect Director K. Ram Shriram For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Shirley M. Tilghman For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For Against Management 4 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 5 Adopt Policies to Protect Freedom of Against For Shareholder Access to the Internet -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GRACO INC. Ticker: GGG Security ID: 384109104 Meeting Date: APR 20, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director J. Kevin Gilligan For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Mark H. Rauenhorst For For Management 1.3 Elect Director William G. Van Dyke For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HOSPIRA, INC. Ticker: HSP Security ID: 441060100 Meeting Date: MAY 15, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Connie R. Curran For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Mark F. Wheeler, M.D. For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HYPERION SOLUTIONS CORP. Ticker: HYSL Security ID: 44914M104 Meeting Date: NOV 15, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: SEP 21, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Nanci Caldwell For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Jeffrey Rodek For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Maynard Webb For For Management 2 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMS HEALTH INC. Ticker: RX Security ID: 449934108 Meeting Date: MAY 4, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director James D. Edwards For For Management 1.2 Elect Director William C. Van Faasen For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Bret W. Wise For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Declassify the Board of Directors Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INFORMATICA CORPORATION Ticker: INFA Security ID: 45666Q102 Meeting Date: MAY 17, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 30, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Janice D. Chaffin For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Carl J. Yankowski For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Charles J. Robel For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEL CORP. Ticker: INTC Security ID: 458140100 Meeting Date: MAY 16, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director Craig R. Barrett For For Management 2 Elect Director Charlene Barshefsky For Against Management 3 Elect Director Susan L. Decker For For Management 4 Elect Director D. James Guzy For For Management 5 Elect Director Reed E. Hundt For For Management 6 Elect Director Paul S. Otellini For For Management 7 Elect Director James D. Plummer For For Management 8 Elect Director David S. Pottruck For For Management 9 Elect Director Jane E. Shaw For For Management 10 Elect Director John L. Thornton For For Management 11 Elect Director David B. Yoffie For For Management 12 Ratify Auditors For For Management 13 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 14 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 15 Limit Executive Compensation Against Against Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. Ticker: IBM Security ID: 459200101 Meeting Date: APR 24, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 23, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Cathleen Black For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Kenneth I. Chenault For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Juergen Dormann For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Michael L. Eskew For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Shirley Ann Jackson For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Minoru Makihara For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Lucio A. Noto For For Management 1.8 Elect Director James W. Owens For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Samuel J. Palmisano For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Joan E. Spero For For Management 1.11 Elect Director Sidney Taurel For For Management 1.12 Elect Director Lorenzo H. Zambrano For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Reduce Supermajority Vote Requirement For For Management 4 Reduce Supermajority Vote Requirement For For Management 5 Reduce Supermajority Vote Requirement For For Management 6 Reduce Supermajority Vote Requirement For For Management 7 Restore or Provide for Cumulative Voting Against For Shareholder 8 Evaluate Age Discrimination in Retirement Against Against Shareholder Plans 9 Review Executive Compensation Against For Shareholder 10 Report on Outsourcing Against For Shareholder 11 Require a Majority Vote for the Election Against For Shareholder of Directors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVITROGEN CORP. Ticker: IVGN Security ID: 46185R100 Meeting Date: APR 19, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 27, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Per A. Peterson For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Bradley G. Lorimier For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Raymond V. Dittamore For For Management 1.4 Elect Director D.C. U'Prichard For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JOHNSON & JOHNSON Ticker: JNJ Security ID: 478160104 Meeting Date: APR 26, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 27, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Mary Sue Coleman For For Management 1.2 Elect Director James G. Cullen For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Michael M.E. Johns For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Arnold G. Langbo For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Susan L. Lindquist For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Leo F. Mullin For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Christine A. Poon For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Charles Prince For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Steven S Reinemund For For Management 1.10 Elect Director David Satcher For For Management 1.11 Elect Director William C. Weldon For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Require a Majority Vote for the Election Against For Shareholder of Directors 4 Submit Supplemental Executive Retirement Against For Shareholder Plans to Shareholder vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. Ticker: JPM Security ID: 46625H100 Meeting Date: MAY 15, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 16, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Crandall C. Bowles For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Stephen B. Burke For For Management 1.3 Elect Director James S. Crown For For Management 1.4 Elect Director James Dimon For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Ellen V. Futter For For Management 1.6 Elect Director William H. Gray, III For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Laban P. Jackson, Jr. For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Robert I. Lipp For For Management 1.9 Elect Director David C. Novak For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Lee R. Raymond For For Management 1.11 Elect Director William C. Weldon For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Put Repricing of Stock Options to Against Against Shareholder Shareholder Vote 4 Performance-Based and/or Time-Based Against For Shareholder Equity Awards 5 Advisory Vote to Ratify Named Executive Against For Shareholder Officers' Compensation 6 Separate Chairman and CEO Positions Against For Shareholder 7 Provide for Cumulative Voting Against For Shareholder 8 Require a Majority Vote for the Election Against For Shareholder of Directors 9 Report on Political Contributions Against For Shareholder 10 Report on Management Initiatives to Against Against Shareholder Address Links to Slavery and Human Rights Abuse -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LOWE'S COMPANIES, INC. Ticker: LOW Security ID: 548661107 Meeting Date: MAY 25, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 30, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director David W. Bernauer For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Leonard L. Berry For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Dawn E. Hudson For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Robert A. Niblock For For Management 2 Amend Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 3 Ratify Auditors For For Management 4 Require Director Nominee Qualifications Against Against Shareholder 5 Report on Progress Toward Implementing Against For Shareholder the Company?s Wood Policy 6 Declassify the Board of Directors Against For Shareholder 7 Submit Severance Agreement (Change in Against For Shareholder Control) to shareholder Vote 8 Pay For Superior Performance Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ONEOK, INC. Ticker: OKE Security ID: 682680103 Meeting Date: MAY 17, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director William M. Bell For For Management 1.2 Elect Director John W. Gibson For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Pattye L. Moore For For Management 1.4 Elect Director David J. Tippeconnic For For Management 2 Separate Chairman and CEO Positions Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PFIZER INC. Ticker: PFE Security ID: 717081103 Meeting Date: APR 26, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 1, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Dennis A. Ausiello For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Michael S. Brown For For Management 1.3 Elect Director M. Anthony Burns For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Robert N. Burt For For Management 1.5 Elect Director W. Don Cornwell For For Management 1.6 Elect Director William H. Gray, III For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Constance J. Horner For For Management 1.8 Elect Director William R. Howell For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Jeffrey B. Kindler For For Management 1.10 Elect Director George A. Lorch For For Management 1.11 Elect Director Dana G. Mead For For Management 1.12 Elect Director William C. Steere, Jr. For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Restore or Provide for Cumulative Voting Against For Shareholder 4 Report on Animal Testing Policies Against Against Shareholder 5 Amend Animal Welfare Policy Against Against Shareholder 6 Require Director Nominee Qualifications Against Against Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PLANTRONICS, INC. Ticker: PLT Security ID: 727493108 Meeting Date: JUL 26, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: JUN 1, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Marv Tseu For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Ken Kannappan For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Gregg Hammann For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Marshall Mohr For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Trude Taylor For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Roger Wery For Withhold Management 1.7 Elect Director John Hart For For Management 2 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Amend Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 4 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 5 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, THE Ticker: PG Security ID: 742718109 Meeting Date: OCT 10, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: AUG 11, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Norman R. Augustine For For Management 1.2 Elect Director A.G. Lafley For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Johnathan A. Rodgers For For Management 1.4 Elect Director John F. Smith, Jr. For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Margaret C. Whitman For For Management 2 Approve Decrease in Size of Board For For Management 3 Ratify Auditors For For Management 4 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 5 Put Repricing of Stock Options to Against Against Shareholder Shareholder Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QUALCOMM INC. Ticker: QCOM Security ID: 747525103 Meeting Date: MAR 13, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: JAN 12, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Barbara T. Alexander For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Raymond V. Dittamore For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Irwin Mark Jacobs For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Sherry Lansing For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Peter M. Sacerdote For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Marc I. Stern For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QUEST DIAGNOSTICS, INCORPORATED Ticker: DGX Security ID: 74834L100 Meeting Date: MAY 8, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 12, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director John C. Baldwin, M.D. For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Surya N. Mohapatra, Ph.D. For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Gary M. Pfeiffer For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ROHM AND HAAS CO. Ticker: ROH Security ID: 775371107 Meeting Date: MAY 7, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director William J. Avery For For Management 2 Elect Director Raj L. Gupta For For Management 3 Elect Director David W. Haas For For Management 4 Elect Director Thomas W. Haas For For Management 5 Elect Director Richard L. Keiser For For Management 6 Elect Director Rick J. Mills For For Management 7 Elect Director Sandra O. Moose For For Management 8 Elect Director Gilbert S. Omenn For For Management 9 Elect Director Gary L. Rogers For For Management 10 Elect Director Ronaldo H. Schmitz For For Management 11 Elect Director George M. Whitesides For For Management 12 Elect Director Marna.C. Whittington For For Management 13 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SIGMA-ALDRICH CORP. Ticker: SIAL Security ID: 826552101 Meeting Date: MAY 1, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 2, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Nina V. Fedoroff For For Management 1.2 Elect Director David R. Harvey For For Management 1.3 Elect Director W. Lee McCollum For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Jai P. Nagarkatti For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Avi M. Nash For For Management 1.6 Elect Director William C. O'Neil, Jr. For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Steven M. Paul For For Management 1.8 Elect Director J. Pedro Reinhard For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Timothy R.G. Sear For For Management 1.10 Elect Director D. Dean Spatz For For Management 1.11 Elect Director Barrett A. Toan For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SLM CORP. Ticker: SLM Security ID: 78442P106 Meeting Date: MAY 17, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Ann Torre Bates For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Charles L. Daley For For Management 1.3 Elect Director W.M. Diefenderfer III For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Thomas J. Fitzpatrick For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Diane Suitt Gilleland For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Earl A. Goode For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Ronald F. Hunt For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Benjamin J. Lambert III For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Albert L. Lord For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Barry A. Munitz For For Management 1.11 Elect Director A. Alexander Porter, Jr For For Management 1.12 Elect Director Wolfgang Schoellkopf For For Management 1.13 Elect Director Steven L. Shapiro For For Management 1.14 Elect Director Barry L. Williams For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOUTHERN UNION CO. Ticker: SUG Security ID: 844030106 Meeting Date: MAY 1, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 16, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director David Brodsky For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Frank W. Denius For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Kurt A. Gitter, M.D. For Withhold Management 1.4 Elect Director Herbert H. Jacobi For Withhold Management 1.5 Elect Director Adam M. Lindemann For Withhold Management 1.6 Elect Director George L. Lindemann For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Thomas N. Mccarter, III For Withhold Management 1.8 Elect Director George Rountree, III For Withhold Management 1.9 Elect Director Allan D. Scherer For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ST. JUDE MEDICAL, INC. Ticker: STJ Security ID: 790849103 Meeting Date: MAY 16, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 19, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Michael A. Rocca For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Stefan K. Widensohler For For Management 2 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Approve Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUNOCO, INC. Ticker: SUN Security ID: 86764P109 Meeting Date: MAY 3, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director R. J. Darnall For For Management 1.2 Elect Director J. G. Drosdick For For Management 1.3 Elect Director U. O. Fairbairn For For Management 1.4 Elect Director T. P. Gerrity For For Management 1.5 Elect Director R. B. Greco For For Management 1.6 Elect Director J. P. Jones, III For For Management 1.7 Elect Director J. G. Kaiser For For Management 1.8 Elect Director R. A. Pew For For Management 1.9 Elect Director G. J. Ratcliffe For For Management 1.10 Elect Director J. W. Rowe For For Management 1.11 Elect Director J. K. Wulff For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYMANTEC CORP. Ticker: SYMC Security ID: 871503108 Meeting Date: SEP 13, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: JUL 17, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Michael Brown For For Management 1.2 Elect Director William T. Coleman For For Management 1.3 Elect Director David L. Mahoney For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Robert S. Miller For Withhold Management 1.5 Elect Director George Reyes For For Management 1.6 Elect Director David Roux For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Daniel H. Schulman For For Management 1.8 Elect Director John W. Thompson For For Management 1.9 Elect Director V. Paul Unruh For For Management 2 Amend Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 3 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYSCO CORPORATION Ticker: SYY Security ID: 871829107 Meeting Date: NOV 10, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: SEP 12, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Jonathan Golden For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Joseph A. Hafner, Jr. For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Nancy S. Newcomb For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Richard J. Schnieders For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Manuel A. Fernandez For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Require a Majority Vote for the Election None For Shareholder of Directors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TARGET CORPORATION Ticker: TGT Security ID: 87612E106 Meeting Date: MAY 24, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 26, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Calvin Darden For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Anne M. Mulcahy For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Stephen W. Sanger For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Gregg W. Steinhafel For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Approve Executive Incentive Bonus Plan For For Management 4 Company Specific- Require Majority Vote For For Management for the Election of Directors 5 Report on Political Contributions Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TELEFLEX INC. Ticker: TFX Security ID: 879369106 Meeting Date: MAY 4, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 9, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Patricia C. Barron For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Jeffrey A. Graves For For Management 1.3 Elect Director James W. Zug For For Management 2 Increase Authorized Common Stock For For Management 3 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC. Ticker: TXN Security ID: 882508104 Meeting Date: APR 19, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 20, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director James R. Adams For For Management 2 Elect Director David L. Boren For For Management 3 Elect Director Daniel A. Carp For Against Management 4 Elect Director Carrie S. Cox For For Management 5 Elect Director Thomas J. Engibous For For Management 6 Elect Director David R. Goode For For Management 7 Elect Director Pamela H. Patsley For For Management 8 Elect Director Wayne R. Sanders For For Management 9 Elect Director Ruth J. Simmons For Against Management 10 Elect Director Richard K. Templeton For For Management 11 Elect Director Christine Todd Whitman For Against Management 12 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TIBCO SOFTWARE, INC. Ticker: TIBX Security ID: 88632Q103 Meeting Date: APR 18, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 20, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Vivek Y. Ranadive For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Bernard J. Bourigeaud For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Eric C.W. Dunn For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Narendra K. Gupta For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Peter J. Job For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Philip K. Wood For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOWER GROUP, INC Ticker: TWGP Security ID: 891777104 Meeting Date: MAY 17, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 4, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Francis M. Colalucci For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Charles A. Bryan For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. Ticker: UPS Security ID: 911312106 Meeting Date: MAY 10, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 12, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Michael J. Burns For For Management 1.2 Elect Director D. Scott Davis For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Stuart E. Eizenstat For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Michael L. Eskew For For Management 1.5 Elect Director James P. Kelly For Withhold Management 1.6 Elect Director Ann M. Livermore For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Victor A. Pelson For For Management 1.8 Elect Director John W. Thompson For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Carol B. Tome For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Ben Verwaayen For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VALERO ENERGY CORP. Ticker: VLO Security ID: 91913Y100 Meeting Date: APR 26, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 1, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Ruben M. Escobedo For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Bob Marbut For Withhold Management 1.3 Elect Director Robert A. Profusek For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Require a Majority Vote for the Election Against For Shareholder of Directors 4 Advisory Vote to Ratify Named Executive Against For Shareholder Officers' Compensation 5 Establish SERP Policy Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- W & T OFFSHORE INC Ticker: WTI Security ID: 92922P106 Meeting Date: MAY 15, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: APR 4, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Tracy W. Krohn For For Management 1.2 Elect Director J.F. Freel For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Stuart B. Katz For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Robert I. Israel For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Virginia Boulet For For Management 1.6 Elect Director S. James Nelson, Jr. For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WACHOVIA CORP. Ticker: WB Security ID: 929903102 Meeting Date: APR 17, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: FEB 12, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Ernest S. Rady For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Jerry Gitt For For Management 1.3 Elect Director John T. Casteen, III For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Maryellen C. Herringer For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Joseph Neubauer For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Timothy D. Proctor For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Van L. Richey For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Dona Davis Young For For Management 2 Declassify the Board of Directors For For Management 3 Company Specific--Provide for Majority For For Management Voting 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management 5 Approve Report of the Compensation Against For Shareholder Committee 6 Require Director Nominee Qualifications Against Against Shareholder 7 Report on Political Contributions Against For Shareholder 8 Separate Chairman and CEO Positions Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WD-40 COMPANY Ticker: WDFC Security ID: 929236107 Meeting Date: DEC 12, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: OCT 17, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director John C. Adams Jr. For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Giles H. Bateman For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Peter D. Bewley For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Richard A. Collato For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Mario L. Crivello For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Linda A. Lang For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Gary L. Luick For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Kenneth E. Olson For For Management 1.9 Elect Director Gary O. Ridge For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Neal E. Schmale For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WELLS FARGO & COMPANY Ticker: WFC Security ID: 949746101 Meeting Date: APR 24, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 6, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director John S. Chen For For Management 1.2 Elect Director Lloyd H. Dean For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Susan E. Engel For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Enrique Hernandez, Jr. For For Management 1.5 Elect Director Robert L. Joss For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Richard M. Kovacevich For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Richard D. McCormick For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Cynthia H. Milligan For Against Management 1.9 Elect Director Nicholas G. Moore For For Management 1.10 Elect Director Philip J. Quigley For Against Management 1.11 Elect Director Donald B. Rice For Against Management 1.12 Elect Director Judith M. Runstad For For Management 1.13 Elect Director Stephen W. Sanger For For Management 1.14 Elect Director Susan G. Swenson For For Management 1.15 Elect Director John G. Stumpf For For Management 1.16 Elect Director Michael W. Wright For Against Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Separate Chairman and CEO Positions Against For Shareholder 4 Advisory Vote to Ratify Named Executive Against For Shareholder Officers' Compensation 5 Establish SERP Policy Against For Shareholder 6 Report on Racial and Ethnic Disparities Against For Shareholder in Loan Pricing 7 Report on Emission Reduction Goals Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WHOLE FOODS MARKET, INC. Ticker: WFMI Security ID: 966837106 Meeting Date: MAR 5, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: JAN 8, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director David W. Dupree For For Management 1.2 Elect Director John B. Elstrott For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Gabrielle E. Greene For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Hass Hassan For For Management 1.5 Elect Director John P. Mackey For For Management 1.6 Elect Director Linda A. Mason For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Morris J. Siegel For For Management 1.8 Elect Director Ralph Z. Sorenson For For Management 2 Ratify Auditors For For Management 3 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 4 Approve Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 5 Report on Energy Efficiency Against For Shareholder 6 Separate Chairman and CEO Positions Against For Shareholder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XILINX, INC. Ticker: XLNX Security ID: 983919101 Meeting Date: JUL 26, 2006 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAY 26, 2006 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1.1 Elect Director Willem P. Roelandts For For Management 1.2 Elect Director John L. Doyle For For Management 1.3 Elect Director Jerald G. Fishman For For Management 1.4 Elect Director Philip T. Gianos For For Management 1.5 Elect Director William G. Howard, Jr. For For Management 1.6 Elect Director J. Michael Patterson For For Management 1.7 Elect Director Elizabeth W. Vanderslice For For Management 2 Amend Qualified Employee Stock Purchase For For Management Plan 3 Approve Omnibus Stock Plan For For Management 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XTO ENERGY INC Ticker: XTO Security ID: 98385X106 Meeting Date: MAY 15, 2007 Meeting Type: Annual Record Date: MAR 30, 2007 # Proposal Mgt Rec Vote Cast Sponsor 1 Elect Director Lane G. Collins For For Management 2 Elect Director Scott G. Sherman For For Management 3 Elect Director Bob R. Simpson For For Management 4 Ratify Auditors For For Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. (Registrant) Parnassus Income Funds ------------------------------------------------------------------- By (Signature and Title) /s/ Jerome L. Dodson ------------------------------------------------------- Jerome L. Dodson President Date: August 15, 2007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------