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Loans and reserve for credit losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and reserve for credit losses
Loans and reserve for credit losses

 The composition of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
Originated loans (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
263,621

 
18.9
%
 
$
198,845

 
16.8
%
Non-owner occupied
421,749

 
30.2
%
 
383,287

 
32.4
%
Total commercial real estate loans
685,370

 
49.1
%
 
582,132

 
49.2
%
Construction
121,737

 
8.7
%
 
100,437

 
8.5
%
Residential real estate
206,521

 
14.8
%
 
122,478

 
10.4
%
Commercial and industrial
344,410

 
24.7
%
 
342,746

 
29.0
%
Consumer
37,786

 
2.7
%
 
34,897

 
2.9
%
Total loans
1,395,824

 
100.0
%
 
1,182,690

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Deferred loan fees
(1,608
)
 
 

 
(1,703
)
 
 

Reserve for loan losses
(26,623
)
 
 

 
(22,053
)
 
 

Loans, net
$
1,367,593

 
 

 
$
1,158,934

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired loans (b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Owner occupied
$
40,761

 
18.7
%
 
$
48,413

 
18.0
%
Non-owner occupied
88,046

 
40.3
%
 
102,890

 
38.2
%
Total commercial real estate loans
128,807

 
59.0
%
 
151,303

 
56.2
%
Construction
10,749

 
4.9
%
 
22,564

 
8.4
%
Residential real estate
58,246

 
26.7
%
 
71,385

 
26.5
%
Commercial and industrial
19,277

 
8.8
%
 
22,444

 
8.3
%
Consumer
1,365

 
0.6
%
 
1,963

 
0.6
%
Total loans
$
218,444

 
100.0
%
 
$
269,659

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired covered loans (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Owner occupied
$
10,610

 
32.0
%
 
$
11,851

 
29.5
%
Non-owner occupied
10,206

 
30.7
%
 
11,366

 
28.3
%
Total commercial real estate loans
20,816

 
62.7
%
 
23,217

 
57.8
%
Construction
2,121

 
6.4
%
 
2,427

 
6.0
%
Residential real estate
7,548

 
22.7
%
 
10,824

 
26.9
%
Commercial and industrial
2,423

 
7.3
%
 
3,285

 
8.2
%
Consumer
293

 
0.9
%
 
438

 
1.1
%
Total loans
$
33,201

 
100.0
%
 
$
40,191

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Owner occupied
$
314,992

 
19.1
%
 
$
259,109

 
17.4
%
Non-owner occupied
520,001

 
31.6
%
 
497,543

 
33.3
%
Total commercial real estate loans
834,993

 
50.7
%
 
756,652

 
50.7
%
Construction
134,607

 
8.2
%
 
125,428

 
8.4
%
Residential real estate
272,315

 
16.5
%
 
204,687

 
13.7
%
Commercial and industrial
366,110

 
22.2
%
 
368,475

 
24.7
%
Consumer
39,444

 
2.4
%
 
37,298

 
2.5
%
Total loans
1,647,469

 
100.0
%
 
1,492,540

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Deferred loan fees
(1,608
)
 
 
 
(1,703
)
 
 

Reserve for loan losses
(26,623
)
 
 
 
(22,053
)
 
 

Loans, net
$
1,619,238

 
 

 
$
1,468,784

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Originated loans are loans organically made through the Company’s normal and customary origination process, including ARM purchases.
(b) Acquired loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home Federal Bancorp, Inc. (“Home”), discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”), less acquired covered loans.
(c) Acquired covered loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home that are covered under FDIC loss share agreements.

 
The following describes the distinction between originated, acquired and acquired covered loan portfolios and certain significant accounting policies relevant to each of these portfolios.

Originated loans

Loans originated for investment are stated at their principal amount outstanding adjusted for partial charge-offs, the reserve for loan losses and net deferred loan fees and costs. Interest income on loans is accrued over the term of the loans. Interest is not accrued on loans where collectability is uncertain. Accrued interest on loans is presented in “Other assets” on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Loan origination fees and certain direct costs incurred to extend credit are deferred and amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to the related loan yield.

Approximately 72.6% of the Bank’s originated loan portfolio at September 30, 2015 consisted of real estate-related loans, including construction and development loans, residential mortgage loans, and commercial loans secured by commercial real estate. At September 30, 2015, approximately 75.4% of the Bank’s total portfolio (inclusive of acquired and acquired covered loans) consisted of real estate-related loans as described above. The Bank’s results of operations and financial condition are affected by general economic trends and in particular, the strength of the local residential and commercial real estate markets in Central, Southern and Northwest Oregon, as well as the greater Boise/Treasure Valley, Idaho and Seattle, Washington metro areas. Real estate values could be affected by, among other things, a worsening of national and local economic conditions, an increase in foreclosures, a decline in home sale volumes, and an increase in interest rates. Furthermore, the Bank may experience an increase in the number of borrowers who become delinquent, file for protection under bankruptcy laws, or default on their loans or other obligations to the Bank in the event of a sustained downturn in business and economic conditions generally or specifically in the principal markets in which the Bank does business. An increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, or defaults could result in a higher level of non-performing assets, net charge-offs, and loan loss provision. Management expects to diversify its commercial real estate (“CRE”) concentration over time, but real estate-related loans will remain a significant portfolio component due to the nature of the economies, businesses, and markets the Bank serves.
 
In the normal course of business, the Bank may participate portions of loans to third parties in order to extend the Bank’s lending capability or to mitigate risk. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the portion of loans participated to third parties (which are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements) totaled $50.2 million and $34.5 million, respectively.

Acquired and acquired covered loans

Acquired loans and acquired covered loans are those purchased in the Company’s acquisition of Home, which was completed on May 16, 2014 (the “Acquisition Date”). See the 2014 Annual Report for further information on the Home acquisition. These loans were recorded at estimated fair value at the Acquisition Date. The fair value estimates for acquired and acquired covered loans are based on expected prepayments, charge-offs and the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows. The net fair value adjustment to the acquired and acquired covered loans at acquisition was a reduction of $6.0 million, representing a valuation adjustment for interest rate and credit which will be accreted over the life of the loans (approximately 10 years).

Of the loans acquired on the Acquisition Date and still held at September 30, 2015, $10.2 million, or 4.0%, were graded substandard. Of that amount, $1.5 million, or 14.5%, of the substandard loans were covered under a loss sharing agreement with the FDIC. With the amount of classified loans acquired being nominal, all loans acquired are treated in a manner consistent with originated loans for credit risk management and accounting purposes.

As of September 30, 2015, $33.2 million, or 13.2%, of the $251.6 million in acquired and acquired covered loans were covered under loss sharing agreements with the FDIC (“covered loans”). The agreements were entered into in September 2009 and September 2010 between the FDIC and Home. The loss sharing agreements have limited terms (10 years for net losses on single-family residential real estate loans, as defined by the FDIC, five years for losses on non-residential real estate loans, as defined by the FDIC, and an additional three years with respect to recoveries on non-residential real estate loans). After the expiration of the loss sharing agreements, the Company will not be indemnified for losses and related expenses on covered loans. When the loss sharing agreements expire, the Company’s and the Bank’s risk-based capital ratios will be reduced. While the agreements are in place, the covered loans receive a 20% risk-weighting. When the agreements expire, the risk-weighting for previously covered loans will most likely increase to 100%, based on current regulatory capital definitions. Nearly all of the assets remaining in the covered loans portfolios are non-single family covered loans. Therefore, most of the covered loans were no longer indemnified after September 30, 2014 or were no longer indemnified after September 30, 2015. Only $1.5 million of the acquired covered loans were graded substandard. With the amount of classified loans covered under these agreements being nominal, amounts that may be due to or due from the FDIC under loss sharing agreements will be accounted for on a cash basis.

A net loss share payable was recorded at the Acquisition Date which represents the estimated value of reimbursement the Company expects to pay to the FDIC for recoveries net of incurred losses on covered loans. These expected reimbursements are recorded as part of covered loans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Upon the determination of an incurred loss or recovery, the loss share receivable/payable will be changed by the amount due to or due from the FDIC.

Changes in the loss share payable (receivable) associated with acquired covered loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three months ended
 
Nine months ended
 
 
September 30, 2015
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
(268
)
 
$
(449
)
Paid to FDIC
 
268

 
1,049

Increase due to impairment
 

 
73

FDIC reimbursement
 
(300
)
 
(1,100
)
Shared loss expenses
 
66

 
171

Adjustments from prior periods
 
(124
)
 
(140
)
OREO loss carryforward
 

 
38

Balance at end of period
 
$
(358
)
 
$
(358
)


Reserve for loan losses
 
The reserve for loan losses represents management’s estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio as of the condensed consolidated balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for loan losses is increased by charges to operating expense through the loan loss provision, and decreased by loans charged-off, net of recoveries. The reserve for loan losses requires complex subjective judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about matters that are uncertain. The reserve for loan losses is maintained at a level currently considered adequate to provide for potential loan losses based on management’s assessment of various factors affecting the loan portfolio.
 
However, the reserve for loan losses is based on estimates and actual losses may vary from the current estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically, and, as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the periods in which they become known. Therefore, management cannot provide assurance that, in any particular period, the Company will not have significant losses in relation to the amount reserved. The level of the reserve for loan losses is also determined after consideration of bank regulatory guidance and recommendations and is subject to review by such regulatory authorities who may require increases or decreases to the reserve based on their evaluation of the information available to them at the time of their examinations of the Bank.

For purposes of assessing the appropriate level of the reserve for loan losses, the Company analyzes loans and commitments to loan, and the amount of reserves allocated to loans and commitments to loan in each of the following reserve categories: pooled reserves, specifically identified reserves for impaired loans, and the unallocated reserve. Also, for purposes of analyzing loan portfolio credit quality and determining the appropriate level of reserve for loan losses, the Company identifies loan portfolio segments and classes based on the nature of the underlying loan collateral.

As of March 31, 2015, the reserve for loan loss methodology was enhanced within the Company’s commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loan portfolio with respect to its holdings of shared national credits (“SNCs”). Risk ratings for individual SNCs are estimated using analysis of both public debt ratings and internal ratings. Expected loss rates are determined based upon historical published specific loss data for similar loans based on average losses and losses stratified by public debt ratings. Public ratings combined with internal risk rates are used to determine a minimum historical loss factor for each SNC loan. This amount may be increased for qualitative conditions including macroeconomic environment and observations by the Company’s SNC management group. The SNC lending strategy is intended to diversify the Company’s credit risk profile geographically and by industry. Additionally, such loans enhance the Company’s interest rate risk profile as they float with LIBOR rates.
 
The increase in the reserve for loan losses from December 31, 2014 to September 30, 2015 was related to net recoveries during the period. The unallocated reserve for loan losses at September 30, 2015 has increased $0.1 million from the balance at December 31, 2014. Management believes that the amount of unallocated reserve for loan losses is appropriate and will continue to evaluate the amount going forward.

Acquired reserve for loan losses

The fair value estimates for acquired and acquired covered loans are based on expected prepayments, charge-offs, and the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows. The net fair value adjustment to the acquired and acquired covered loans was $6.0 million, representing a valuation adjustment for interest rate and credit quality. The credit portion of the fair value adjustment not accreted at any point in time represents the estimated reserve for loan losses for acquired loans. If the Company determines that this amount is insufficient, a provision to the reserve for loan losses will be made.

Covered reserve for loan losses

The reserve for loan losses on covered loans is estimated similarly to acquired loans as described above except any increase to the reserve from a recovery or a decrease in the reserve from a charge-off is partially offset by an increase in the loss share payable (or receivable) for the portion of the losses recoverable and recoveries payable to the FDIC under the loss sharing agreements. No allowance was recorded at quarter-end given management’s judgment that purchase discounts adequately addressed the estimated losses in the acquired loans.

Transactions and allocations in the reserve for loan losses and unfunded loan commitments, by portfolio segment, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Commercial
real estate
 
Construction
 
Residential
real estate
 
Commercial 
and 
industrial
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Allowance for Loan Losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at June 30, 2015
$
5,032

 
$
1,356

 
$
2,463

 
$
11,355

 
$
1,001

 
$
2,294

 
$
23,501

Loan loss provision (credit)
(490
)
 
(293
)
 
(162
)
 
(2,245
)
 
99

 
3,091

 

Recoveries
408

 
155

 
162

 
2,885

 
179

 

 
3,789

Loans charged off

 

 
(50
)
 
(293
)
 
(324
)
 

 
(667
)
Balance at end of period
$
4,950

 
$
1,218

 
$
2,413

 
$
11,702

 
$
955

 
$
5,385

 
$
26,623


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at June 30, 2015
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

Provision for unfunded loan commitments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of period
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for credit losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Reserve for loan losses
$
4,950

 
$
1,218

 
$
2,413

 
$
11,702

 
$
955

 
$
5,385

 
$
26,623

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
48

 
268

 
25

 
75

 
24

 

 
440

Total reserve for credit losses
$
4,998

 
$
1,486

 
$
2,438

 
$
11,777

 
$
979

 
$
5,385

 
$
27,063

 
 
Commercial
real estate
 
Construction
 
Residential
real estate
 
Commercial 
and 
industrial
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Allowance for Loan Losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
5,614

 
$
1,133

 
$
2,121

 
$
6,844

 
$
1,047

 
$
5,294

 
$
22,053

Loan loss provision (credit)
(4,397
)
 
(193
)
 
(60
)
 
2,024

 
535

 
91

 
(2,000
)
Recoveries
4,011

 
278

 
746

 
3,440

 
457

 


 
8,932

Loans charged off
(278
)
 

 
(394
)
 
(606
)
 
(1,084
)
 


 
(2,362
)
Balance at end of period
$
4,950

 
$
1,218

 
$
2,413

 
$
11,702

 
$
955

 
$
5,385

 
$
26,623

 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

Provision for unfunded loan commitments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of period
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Reserve for credit losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Reserve for loan losses
$
4,950

 
$
1,218

 
$
2,413

 
$
11,702

 
$
955

 
$
5,385

 
$
26,623

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
48

 
268

 
25

 
75

 
24

 

 
440

Total reserve for credit losses
$
4,998

 
$
1,486

 
$
2,438

 
$
11,777

 
$
979

 
$
5,385

 
$
27,063

 
Commercial
real estate
 
Construction
 
Residential
real estate
 
Commercial 
and 
industrial
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2014
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Allowance for Loan Losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at June 30, 2014
$
7,960

 
$
728

 
$
2,068

 
$
6,615

 
$
1,181

 
$
1,919

 
$
20,471

Loan loss provision (credit)
(1,203
)
 
(597
)
 
6

 
469

 
211

 
1,114

 

Recoveries
317

 
869

 
349

 
512

 
76

 

 
2,123

Loans charged off
(91
)
 

 
(539
)
 
(244
)
 
(369
)
 

 
(1,243
)
Balance at end of period
$
6,983

 
$
1,000

 
$
1,884

 
$
7,352

 
$
1,099

 
$
3,033

 
$
21,351

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at June 30, 2014
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

Provision for unfunded loan commitments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of period
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for credit losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Reserve for loan losses
$
6,983

 
$
1,000

 
$
1,884

 
$
7,352

 
$
1,099

 
$
3,033

 
$
21,351

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
48

 
268

 
25

 
75

 
24

 

 
440

Total reserve for credit losses
$
7,031

 
$
1,268

 
$
1,909

 
$
7,427

 
$
1,123

 
$
3,033

 
$
21,791


 
Commercial
real estate
 
Construction
 
Residential
real estate
 
Commercial 
and 
industrial
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Allowance for Loan Losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at December 31, 2013
$
9,565

 
$
535

 
$
2,381

 
$
6,261

 
$
1,401

 
$
714

 
$
20,857

Loan loss provision
(2,681
)
 
(482
)
 
(264
)
 
706

 
402

 
2,319

 

Recoveries
1,318

 
1,243

 
630

 
1,969

 
230

 

 
5,390

Loans charged off
(1,219
)
 
(296
)
 
(863
)
 
(1,584
)
 
(934
)
 

 
(4,896
)
Balance at end of period
$
6,983

 
$
1,000

 
$
1,884

 
$
7,352

 
$
1,099

 
$
3,033

 
$
21,351

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Balance at December 31, 2013
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

Provision for unfunded loan commitments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of period
$
48

 
$
268

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
440

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for credit losses
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Reserve for loan losses
$
6,983

 
$
1,000

 
$
1,884

 
$
7,352

 
$
1,099

 
$
3,033

 
$
21,351

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
48

 
268

 
25

 
75

 
24

 

 
440

Total reserve for credit losses
$
7,031

 
$
1,268

 
$
1,909

 
$
7,427

 
$
1,123

 
$
3,033

 
$
21,791




An individual loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, management believes that it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The following table presents the reserve for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and impairment evaluation method at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
Reserve for loan losses

Recorded investment in loans
 
Individually
evaluated for
impairment

Collectively
evaluated for
impairment

Total

Individually
evaluated for
impairment

Collectively
evaluated for
impairment

Total
September 30, 2015
 


 


 


 


 


 

Commercial real estate
$
78

 
$
4,872

 
$
4,950

 
$
3,679

 
$
831,314

 
$
834,993

Construction

 
1,218

 
1,218

 
365

 
134,242

 
134,607

Residential real estate

 
2,413

 
2,413

 

 
272,315

 
272,315

Commercial and industrial
123

 
11,579

 
11,702

 
2,561

 
363,549

 
366,110

Consumer

 
955

 
955

 

 
39,444

 
39,444

 
$
201

 
$
21,037

 
21,238

 
$
6,605

 
$
1,640,864

 
$
1,647,469

Unallocated
 

 
 

 
5,385

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
26,623

 
 

 
 

 
 



















December 31, 2014
 


 


 


 


 


 

Commercial real estate
$
60

 
$
5,554

 
$
5,614

 
$
28,947

 
$
727,705

 
$
756,652

Construction

 
1,133

 
1,133

 
963

 
124,465

 
125,428

Residential real estate

 
2,121

 
2,121

 
317

 
204,370

 
204,687

Commercial and industrial
25

 
6,819

 
6,844

 
3,495

 
364,980

 
368,475

Consumer

 
1,047

 
1,047

 

 
37,298

 
37,298

 
$
85

 
$
16,674

 
16,759

 
$
33,722

 
$
1,458,818

 
$
1,492,540

Unallocated
 

 
 

 
5,294

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
22,053

 
 

 
 

 
 



The above reserve for loan losses includes an unallocated allowance of $5.4 million at September 30, 2015 and $5.3 million at December 31, 2014. The change in the unallocated allowance is mainly a result of an enhanced reserve methodology for the C&I loans, specifically related to SNC loans as described above.

The Company uses credit risk ratings, which reflect the Bank’s assessment of a loan’s risk or loss potential, for purposes of assessing the appropriate level of reserve for loan losses. The Bank’s credit risk rating definitions along with applicable borrower characteristics for each credit risk rating are as follows:
 
Acceptable
 
The borrower is a reasonable credit risk and demonstrates the ability to repay the loan from normal business operations. Loans are generally made to companies operating in an economy and/or industry that is generally sound. The borrower tends to operate in regional or local markets and has achieved sufficient revenues for the business to be financially viable. The borrowers financial performance has been consistent in normal economic times and has been average or better than average for its industry.
 
A loan can also be considered Acceptable even though the borrower may have some vulnerability to downturns in the economy due to marginally satisfactory working capital and debt service cushion. Availability of alternate financing sources may be limited or nonexistent. In some cases, the borrower’s management may have limited depth or continuity but is still considered capable. An adequate primary source of repayment is identified while secondary sources may be illiquid, more speculative, less readily identified, or reliant upon collateral liquidation. Loan agreements will be well defined, including several financial performance covenants and detailed operating covenants. This category also includes commercial loans to individuals with average or better than average capacity to repay.

Pass-Watch
 
Loans are graded Pass-Watch when temporary situations increase the level of the Bank’s risk associated with the loan, and remain graded Pass-Watch until the situation has been corrected. These situations may involve one or more weaknesses in cash flow, collateral value or indebtedness that could, if not corrected within a reasonable period of time, jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. In general, loans in this category remain adequately protected by the borrower’s net worth and paying capacity, or pledged collateral.
 
Special Mention
 
A Special Mention credit has potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the loan or leave the Bank inadequately protected at some future date. Loans in this category are deemed by management of the Bank to be currently protected but reflect potential problems that warrant more than the usual management attention but do not justify a Substandard classification.
 
Substandard
 
Substandard loans are those inadequately protected by the net worth and paying capacity of the obligor and/or by the value of the pledged collateral, if any. Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default or they have other well-defined weaknesses. They require more intensive supervision and borrowers are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity, or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants.
 
CRE and construction loans are classified Substandard when well-defined weaknesses are present which jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the loan. Well-defined weaknesses include a project’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time, and/or the project’s failure to fulfill economic expectations. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
 
Substandard loans also include impaired loans. Impaired loans bear the characteristics of Substandard loans as described above, and the Company has determined it does not expect timely payment of all contractually due interest and principal. Impaired loans may be adequately secured by collateral.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Bank saw improved credit quality, as demonstrated by a reduction in the aggregate balance of all loans adversely classified. The improvement was mainly in Special Mention loans, resulting from improving economic conditions as well as payoffs and paydowns in the Special Mention portfolio. Substandard loan balances have increased modestly, with improvements in certain credits offset by an increase related to a SNC, included in C&I loans, that was downgraded during the period.
 
The following table presents, by portfolio class, the recorded investment in loans by internally assigned grades at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Loan grades
 
 
 
Acceptable
 
Pass-Watch
 
Special
Mention
 
Substandard
 
Total
September 30, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Originated loans (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
241,110

 
$
8,556

 
$
3,283

 
$
10,672

 
$
263,621

Non-owner occupied
400,442

 
9,121

 
7,056

 
5,130

 
421,749

Total commercial real estate loans
641,552

 
17,677

 
10,339

 
15,802

 
685,370

Construction
119,700

 
813

 
1,208

 
16

 
121,737

Residential real estate
204,711

 
714

 
596

 
500

 
206,521

Commercial and industrial
311,794

 
10,118

 
9,926

 
12,572

 
344,410

Consumer
37,786

 

 

 

 
37,786

 
$
1,315,543

 
$
29,322

 
$
22,069

 
$
28,890

 
$
1,395,824

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired loans (b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied
$
29,198

 
$
3,513

 
$
7,795

 
$
255

 
$
40,761

Non-owner occupied
65,798

 
5,699

 
8,930

 
7,619

 
88,046

Total commercial real estate loans
94,996

 
9,212

 
16,725

 
7,874

 
128,807

Construction
10,749

 

 

 

 
10,749

Residential real estate
57,408

 

 

 
838

 
58,246

Commercial and industrial
15,678

 
121

 
3,493

 
(15
)
 
19,277

Consumer
1,362

 

 

 
3

 
1,365

 
$
180,193

 
$
9,333

 
$
20,218

 
$
8,700

 
$
218,444

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired covered loans (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied
$
10,518

 
$

 
$

 
$
92

 
$
10,610

Non-owner occupied
5,134

 

 
4,572

 
500

 
10,206

Total commercial real estate loans
15,652

 

 
4,572

 
592

 
20,816

Construction
44

 
2,041

 

 
36

 
2,121

Residential real estate
7,207

 

 

 
341

 
7,548

Commercial and industrial
1,921

 

 

 
502

 
2,423

Consumer
293

 

 

 

 
293

 
$
25,117

 
$
2,041

 
$
4,572

 
$
1,471

 
$
33,201

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied
$
280,826

 
$
12,069

 
$
11,078

 
$
11,019

 
$
314,992

Non-owner occupied
471,374

 
14,820

 
20,558

 
13,249

 
520,001

Total commercial real estate loans
752,200

 
26,889

 
31,636

 
24,268

 
834,993

Construction
130,493

 
2,854

 
1,208

 
52

 
134,607

Residential real estate
269,326

 
714

 
596

 
1,679

 
272,315

Commercial and industrial
329,393

 
10,239

 
13,419

 
13,059

 
366,110

Consumer
39,441

 

 

 
3

 
39,444

 
$
1,520,853

 
$
40,696

 
$
46,859

 
$
39,061

 
$
1,647,469

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Originated loans are loans organically made through the Company’s normal and customary origination process, including ARM purchases.
(b) Acquired loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home less acquired covered loans.
(c) Acquired covered loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home that are covered under FDIC loss share agreements.


 
Loan grades
 
 
 
Acceptable
 
Pass-Watch
 
Special
Mention
 
Substandard
 
Total
December 31, 2014
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Originated loans (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
167,509

 
$
8,749

 
$
4,035

 
$
18,552

 
$
198,845

Non-owner occupied
350,420

 
10,383

 
16,145

 
6,339

 
383,287

Total commercial real estate loans
517,929

 
19,132

 
20,180

 
24,891

 
582,132

Construction
95,440

 
3,086

 
1,850

 
61

 
100,437

Residential real estate
119,280

 
1,380

 
552

 
1,266

 
122,478

Commercial and industrial
306,030

 
18,721

 
14,676

 
3,319

 
342,746

Consumer
34,852

 

 

 
45

 
34,897

 
$
1,073,531

 
$
42,319

 
$
37,258

 
$
29,582

 
$
1,182,690

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired loans (b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
42,673

 
$
1,125

 
$
4,352

 
$
263

 
$
48,413

Non-owner occupied
75,340

 
11,019

 
12,265

 
4,266

 
102,890

Total commercial real estate loans
118,013

 
12,144

 
16,617

 
4,529

 
151,303

Construction
22,448

 

 

 
116

 
22,564

Residential real estate
70,002

 

 

 
1,383

 
71,385

Commercial and industrial
22,236

 
151

 

 
57

 
22,444

Consumer
1,907

 

 

 
56

 
1,963

 
$
234,606

 
$
12,295

 
$
16,617

 
$
6,141

 
$
269,659

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired covered loans (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
10,363

 
$

 
$
1,048

 
$
440

 
$
11,851

Non-owner occupied
5,668

 
361

 
4,641

 
696

 
11,366

Total commercial real estate loans
16,031

 
361

 
5,689

 
1,136

 
23,217

Construction
48

 
2,332

 

 
47

 
2,427

Residential real estate
9,601

 

 

 
1,223

 
10,824

Commercial and industrial
2,779

 

 

 
506

 
3,285

Consumer
438

 

 

 

 
438

 
$
28,897

 
$
2,693

 
$
5,689

 
$
2,912

 
$
40,191

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
220,545

 
$
9,874

 
$
9,435

 
$
19,255

 
$
259,109

Non-owner occupied
431,428

 
21,763

 
33,051

 
11,301

 
497,543

Total commercial real estate loans
651,973

 
31,637

 
42,486

 
30,556

 
756,652

Construction
117,936

 
5,418

 
1,850

 
224

 
125,428

Residential real estate
198,883

 
1,380

 
552

 
3,872

 
204,687

Commercial and industrial
331,045

 
18,872

 
14,676

 
3,882

 
368,475

Consumer
37,197

 

 

 
101

 
37,298

 
$
1,337,034

 
$
57,307

 
$
59,564

 
$
38,635

 
$
1,492,540

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Originated loans are loans organically made through the Company’s normal and customary origination process, including ARM purchases.
(b) Acquired loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home less acquired covered loans.
(c) Acquired covered loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home that are covered under FDIC loss share agreements.


The following table presents, by portfolio class, an age analysis of past due loans, including loans placed on non-accrual at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
30-89 days
past due
 
90 days
or more
past due
 
Total
past due
 
Current
 
Total
loans
September 30, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Originated loans (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
46

 
$
1,215

 
$
1,261

 
$
262,360

 
$
263,621

Non-owner occupied
604

 

 
604

 
421,145

 
421,749

Total commercial real estate loans
650

 
1,215

 
1,865

 
683,505

 
685,370

Construction
172

 

 
172

 
121,565

 
121,737

Residential real estate
238

 

 
238

 
206,283

 
206,521

Commercial and industrial
593

 
350

 
943

 
343,467

 
344,410

Consumer
95

 

 
95

 
37,691

 
37,786

 
$
1,748

 
$
1,565

 
$
3,313

 
$
1,392,511

 
$
1,395,824

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired loans (b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
40,761

 
$
40,761

Non-owner occupied

 

 

 
88,046

 
88,046

Total commercial real estate loans

 

 

 
128,807

 
128,807

Construction
48

 

 
48

 
10,701

 
10,749

Residential real estate
1,266

 
370

 
1,636

 
56,610

 
58,246

Commercial and industrial
39

 

 
39

 
19,238

 
19,277

Consumer
8

 

 
8

 
1,357

 
1,365

 
$
1,361

 
$
370

 
$
1,731

 
$
216,713

 
$
218,444

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired covered loans (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
10,610

 
$
10,610

Non-owner occupied

 

 

 
10,206

 
10,206

Total commercial real estate loans

 

 

 
20,816

 
20,816

Construction
2,041

 

 
2,041

 
80

 
2,121

Residential real estate
100

 
248

 
348

 
7,200

 
7,548

Commercial and industrial
3

 
11

 
14

 
2,409

 
2,423

Consumer
7

 

 
7

 
286

 
293

 
$
2,151

 
$
259

 
$
2,410

 
$
30,791

 
$
33,201

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
46

 
$
1,215

 
$
1,261

 
$
313,731

 
$
314,992

Non-owner occupied
604

 

 
604

 
519,397

 
520,001

Total commercial real estate loans
650

 
1,215

 
1,865

 
833,128

 
834,993

Construction
2,261

 

 
2,261

 
132,346

 
134,607

Residential real estate
1,604

 
618

 
2,222

 
270,093

 
272,315

Commercial and industrial
635

 
361

 
996

 
365,114

 
366,110

Consumer
110

 

 
110

 
39,334

 
39,444

 
$
5,260

 
$
2,194

 
$
7,454

 
$
1,640,015

 
$
1,647,469

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Originated loans (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
732

 
$
3,716

 
$
4,448

 
$
194,397

 
$
198,845

Non-owner occupied
1,718

 
971

 
2,689

 
380,598

 
383,287

Total commercial real estate loans
2,450

 
4,687

 
7,137

 
574,995

 
582,132

Construction

 
100

 
100

 
100,337

 
100,437

Residential real estate
662

 
110

 
772

 
121,706

 
122,478

Commercial and industrial
288

 
334

 
622

 
342,124

 
342,746

Consumer
139

 
45

 
184

 
34,713

 
34,897

 
$
3,539

 
$
5,276

 
$
8,815

 
$
1,173,875

 
$
1,182,690

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired loans (b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
24

 
$

 
$
24

 
$
48,389

 
$
48,413

Non-owner occupied

 
120

 
120

 
102,770

 
102,890

Total commercial real estate loans
24

 
120

 
144

 
151,159

 
151,303

Construction

 

 

 
22,564

 
22,564

Residential real estate
1,361

 
288

 
1,649

 
69,736

 
71,385

Commercial and industrial

 

 

 
22,444

 
22,444

Consumer
55

 

 
55

 
1,908

 
1,963

 
$
1,440

 
$
408

 
$
1,848

 
$
267,811

 
$
269,659

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired covered loans (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
11,851

 
$
11,851

Non-owner occupied

 
27

 
27

 
11,339

 
11,366

Total commercial real estate loans

 
27

 
27

 
23,190

 
23,217

Construction

 

 

 
2,427

 
2,427

Residential real estate
375

 

 
375

 
10,449

 
10,824

Commercial and industrial

 

 

 
3,285

 
3,285

Consumer
11

 

 
11

 
427

 
438

 
$
386

 
$
27

 
$
413

 
$
39,778

 
$
40,191

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
756

 
$
3,716

 
$
4,472

 
$
254,637

 
$
259,109

Non-owner occupied
1,718

 
1,118

 
2,836

 
494,707

 
497,543

Total commercial real estate loans
2,474

 
4,834

 
7,308

 
749,344

 
756,652

Construction

 
100

 
100

 
125,328

 
125,428

Residential real estate
2,398

 
398

 
2,796

 
201,891

 
204,687

Commercial and industrial
288

 
334

 
622

 
367,853

 
368,475

Consumer
205

 
45

 
250

 
37,048

 
37,298

 
$
5,365

 
$
5,711

 
$
11,076

 
$
1,481,464

 
$
1,492,540

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Originated loans are loans organically made through the Company's normal and customary origination process, including ARM purchases.
(b) Acquired loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home less acquired covered loans.
(c) Acquired covered loans are loans acquired in the acquisition of Home that are covered under FDIC loss share agreements.

 
Loans contractually past due 90 days or more on which the Company continued to accrue interest were $0.21 million and $0.05 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
 
The following table presents information related to impaired loans, by portfolio class, at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
Impaired loans
 
 
 
With a
related
allowance
 
Without a
related
allowance
 
Total
recorded
balance
 
Unpaid
principal
balance
 
Related
allowance
September 30, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
1,055

 
$
1,974

 
$
3,029

 
$
4,207

 
$
73

Non-owner occupied
650

 

 
650

 
650

 
5

Total commercial real estate loans
1,705

 
1,974

 
3,679

 
4,857

 
78

Construction

 
365

 
365

 
365

 

Residential real estate

 

 

 

 

Commercial and industrial
2,399

 
162

 
2,561

 
2,954

 
123

Consumer

 

 

 

 

 
$
4,104

 
$
2,501

 
$
6,605

 
$
8,176

 
$
201

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
436

 
$
5,624

 
$
6,060

 
$
8,699

 
$
41

Non-owner occupied
1,087

 
21,800

 
22,887

 
22,943

 
19

Total commercial real estate loans
1,523

 
27,424

 
28,947

 
31,642

 
60

Construction

 
963

 
963

 
963

 

Residential real estate

 
317

 
317

 
353

 

Commercial and industrial
2,702

 
793

 
3,495

 
3,962

 
25

Consumer

 

 

 

 

 
$
4,225

 
$
29,497

 
$
33,722

 
$
36,920

 
$
85

 
At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the total recorded balance of impaired loans in the above table included $0.8 million and $22.8 million, respectively, of troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans which were not on non-accrual status.
 
The following table presents, by portfolio class, the average recorded investment in impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
3,063

 
$
6,010

 
$
3,225

 
$
6,134

Non-owner occupied
1,072

 
22,586

 
8,297

 
22,637

Total commercial real estate loans
4,135

 
28,596

 
11,522

 
28,771

Construction
443

 
963

 
543

 
1,221

Residential real estate
28

 
391

 
66

 
403

Commercial and industrial
2,712

 
3,663

 
2,815

 
4,188

Consumer

 

 

 

 
$
7,318

 
$
33,613

 
$
14,946

 
$
34,583


 
Interest income recognized for cash payments received on impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was insignificant.

Information with respect to the Company’s non-performing loans, by portfolio class, at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$
2,570

 
$
5,564

Non-owner occupied
479

 
1,940

Total commercial real estate loans
3,049

 
7,504

Construction
16

 
216

Residential real estate
1,455

 
3,165

Commercial and industrial
401

 
744

Consumer
3

 
56

Total non-accrual loans
$
4,924

 
$
11,685

 
 
 
 
Accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more:
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

Owner occupied
$

 
$

Non-owner occupied

 

Total commercial real estate loans

 

Construction

 

Residential real estate

 

Commercial and industrial
209

 
9

Consumer

 
45

Total accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more
$
209

 
$
54



TDRs
 
The Company allocated $0.2 million and $0.1 million of specific reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in TDRs as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. TDRs involve the restructuring of terms to allow customers to mitigate the risk of foreclosure by meeting a lower loan payment requirement based upon their current cash flow. As indicated above, TDRs may also include loans to borrowers experiencing financial distress that renewed at existing contractual rates, but below market rates for comparable credit quality. The Company has been actively utilizing these programs and working with its customers to improve obligor cash flow and related prospect for repayment. Concessions may include, but are not limited to, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, deferral of interest payments, extension of the maturity date, and other actions intended to minimize potential losses to the Company. For each commercial loan restructuring, a comprehensive credit underwriting analysis of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms is performed to assess whether the new structure can be successful and whether cash flows will be sufficient to support the restructured debt. Generally, if the loan is on accrual status at the time of restructuring, it will remain on accrual status after the restructuring. After six consecutive payments under the restructured terms, a non-accrual restructured loan is reviewed for possible upgrade to accrual status.
 
Typically, once a loan is identified as a TDR it will retain that designation until it is paid off, because restructured loans generally are not at market rates following restructuring. Under certain circumstances, a TDR may be removed from TDR status if it is determined to no longer be impaired and the loan is at a competitive interest rate. Under such circumstances, allowance allocations for loans removed from TDR status would be based on the historical allocation for the applicable loan grade and loan class.
 
There were no loans modified and recorded as TDRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 or 2014. At both September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company had no remaining commitments to lend on loans accounted for as TDRs.

There were no TDRs which had payment defaults during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 or 2014 that had been previously restructured within the twelve months prior to September 30, 2015 or 2014.