NPORT-EX 2 b_852nport033121.htm QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Putnam Sustainable Leaders Fund
The fund's portfolio
3/31/21 (Unaudited)


COMMON STOCKS (98.7%)(a)
        Shares Value
Airlines (0.5%)
JetBlue Airways Corp.(NON) 1,638,800 $33,333,192
33,333,192
Banks (5.0%)
Bank of America Corp. 5,465,000 211,440,850
First Republic Bank 570,700 95,164,225
306,605,075
Beverages (1.5%)
Heineken NV (Netherlands) 897,104 92,179,208
92,179,208
Biotechnology (2.3%)
Amgen, Inc. 361,100 89,845,291
Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(NON) 244,300 52,497,627
142,342,918
Building products (1.7%)
Johnson Controls International PLC 1,776,300 105,991,821
105,991,821
Capital markets (2.5%)
BlackRock, Inc. 202,397 152,599,242
152,599,242
Chemicals (4.5%)
Ecolab, Inc. 298,500 63,899,895
Koninklijke DSM NV (Netherlands) 428,607 72,529,139
Linde PLC 326,200 91,381,668
Novozymes A/S Class B (Denmark) 763,536 48,906,267
276,716,969
Commercial services and supplies (1.6%)
GFL Environmental, Inc. (Canada) 2,723,255 95,177,762
95,177,762
Containers and packaging (2.3%)
Avery Dennison Corp. 373,000 68,501,450
Ball Corp. 835,000 70,757,900
139,259,350
Electric utilities (1.4%)
NextEra Energy, Inc. 1,101,800 83,307,098
83,307,098
Entertainment (1.0%)
Walt Disney Co. (The)(NON) 330,500 60,983,860
60,983,860
Equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) (2.5%)
American Tower Corp.(R) 256,700 61,366,702
Boston Properties, Inc.(R) 875,800 88,683,508
150,050,210
Food and staples retail (1.8%)
Walmart, Inc. 793,600 107,794,688
107,794,688
Food products (0.8%)
McCormick & Co., Inc. (non-voting shares) 519,600 46,327,536
46,327,536
Health-care equipment and supplies (5.7%)
Baxter International, Inc. 747,500 63,044,150
Cooper Cos., Inc. (The) 208,500 80,082,765
Danaher Corp. 623,800 140,404,904
Medtronic PLC 536,800 63,412,184
346,944,003
Health-care providers and services (1.3%)
CVS Health Corp. 1,069,000 80,420,870
80,420,870
Hotels, restaurants, and leisure (3.5%)
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.(NON) 62,000 88,090,840
Hilton Worldwide Holdings, Inc.(NON) 797,036 96,377,593
Vail Resorts, Inc. 92,500 26,978,550
211,446,983
Household durables (—%)
HC Brillant Services GmbH (acquired 8/2/13, cost $69) (Private) (Germany)(NON)(F)(RES) 104 91
91
Independent power and renewable electricity producers (1.8%)
AES Corp. (The) 4,130,000 110,725,300
110,725,300
Industrial conglomerates (2.7%)
Honeywell International, Inc. 443,953 96,368,878
Roper Technologies, Inc. 162,400 65,502,416
161,871,294
Insurance (3.1%)
AXA SA (France) 3,525,410 94,612,274
Prudential PLC (United Kingdom) 4,375,794 92,930,139
187,542,413
Interactive media and services (1.5%)
Alphabet, Inc. Class A(NON) 36,900 76,106,988
Bumble, Inc. Class A(NON)(S) 211,359 13,184,574
89,291,562
Internet and direct marketing retail (5.3%)
Amazon.com, Inc.(NON) 89,377 276,539,588
Etsy, Inc.(NON) 218,955 44,156,655
320,696,243
IT Services (5.5%)
Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. 902,800 126,942,708
Okta, Inc.(NON) 215,130 47,421,106
Shopify, Inc. Class A (Canada)(NON) 29,500 32,641,750
Visa, Inc. Class A 617,800 130,806,794
337,812,358
Leisure products (0.6%)
Hasbro, Inc. 391,441 37,625,309
37,625,309
Life sciences tools and services (1.5%)
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. 205,200 93,649,176
93,649,176
Machinery (2.5%)
Deere & Co. 159,800 59,787,572
Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. 455,500 90,949,685
150,737,257
Multi-utilities (0.5%)
Ameren Corp. 357,900 29,118,744
29,118,744
Multiline retail (1.6%)
Target Corp. 483,000 95,667,810
95,667,810
Personal products (1.7%)
Unilever PLC (United Kingdom) 1,896,646 105,827,283
105,827,283
Pharmaceuticals (2.9%)
AstraZeneca PLC (United Kingdom) 511,588 51,111,264
Eli Lilly and Co. 536,700 100,266,294
Roche Holding AG (Switzerland) 71,471 23,097,727
174,475,285
Road and rail (1.7%)
Union Pacific Corp. 471,900 104,011,479
104,011,479
Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment (6.5%)
Applied Materials, Inc. 700,100 93,533,360
ASML Holding NV (Netherlands) 184,400 113,841,184
NXP Semiconductors NV(S) 398,400 80,213,856
Texas Instruments, Inc. 578,500 109,330,715
396,919,115
Software (11.0%)
Adobe, Inc.(NON) 277,900 132,105,323
DocuSign, Inc.(NON) 273,400 55,349,830
Microsoft Corp. 1,893,500 446,430,495
Talend SA ADR(NON)(S) 593,084 37,743,866
671,629,514
Specialty retail (1.9%)
Home Depot, Inc. (The) 385,900 117,795,975
117,795,975
Technology hardware, storage, and peripherals (5.8%)
Apple, Inc. 2,895,828 353,725,391
353,725,391
Textiles, apparel, and luxury goods (0.7%)
Levi Strauss & Co. Class A(S) 1,859,530 44,461,362
44,461,362
Total common stocks (cost $3,323,426,744) $6,015,063,746








U.S. TREASURY OBLIGATIONS (—%)(a)
        Principal amount Value
U.S. Treasury Notes
2.125%, 3/31/24(i) $183,000 $192,622
1.875%, 6/30/26(i) 177,000 185,811
1.75%, 9/30/22(i) 120,000 122,902
Total U.S. treasury obligations (cost $501,335) $501,335








WARRANTS (—%)(a)(NON)
    Expiration date Strike Price Warrants Value
Seneca Biopharma, Inc. Ser. K, (acquired 4/20/17, cost $—)(RES) 1/9/22 $946.40 55,497 $—
Total warrants (cost $—) $—








CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCKS (—%)(a)
        Shares Value
UNEXT.com, LLC $0.00 cv. pfd. (acquired 4/14/00, cost $10,451,238) (Private)(NON)(F)(RES) 125,000 $—
Total convertible preferred stocks (cost $10,451,238) $—








SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (2.4%)(a)
        Principal amount/
shares		 Value
Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC 0.10%(AFF) Shares 64,805,850 $64,805,850
Putnam Short Term Investment Fund 0.09%(AFF) Shares 77,606,412 77,606,412
State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money Market Fund, Premier Class 0.04%(P) Shares 1,410,000 1,410,000
U.S. Treasury Cash Management Bills 0.010%, 6/29/21 $1,000,000 999,975
U.S. Treasury Cash Management Bills 0.011%, 7/6/21 200,000 199,993
Total short-term investments (cost $145,022,231) $145,022,230
TOTAL INVESTMENTS
Total investments (cost $3,479,401,548) $6,160,587,311








FORWARD CURRENCY CONTRACTS at 3/31/21 (aggregate face value $150,238,068) (Unaudited)
  Counterparty Currency Contract type* Delivery
date		 Value Aggregate face value Unrealized
appreciation/
(depreciation)
Bank of America N.A.
British Pound Sell 6/16/21 $16,208,643 $16,437,442 $228,799
Barclays Bank PLC
British Pound Sell 6/16/21 4,230,590 4,292,073 61,483
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
British Pound Sell 6/16/21 2,494,284 2,528,560 34,276
JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A.
Euro Sell 6/16/21 55,779,955 56,532,228 752,273
State Street Bank and Trust Co.
Euro Sell 6/16/21 19,343,991 19,605,696 261,705
UBS AG
Euro Sell 6/16/21 50,181,324 50,842,069 660,745
Unrealized appreciation 1,999,281
Unrealized (depreciation) —
Total $1,999,281
* The exchange currency for all contracts listed is the United States Dollar.












Key to holding's abbreviations
ADR American Depository Receipts: represents ownership of foreign securities on deposit with a custodian bank
Notes to the fund's portfolio
Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund's portfolio are for the close of the fund's reporting period, which ran from July 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to "Putnam Management" represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund's manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, references to "ASC 820" represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to "OTC", if any, represent over-the-counter.
(a) Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $6,092,545,083.
(NON) This security is non-income-producing.
(RES) This security is restricted with regard to public resale. The total fair value of this security and any other restricted securities (excluding 144A securities), if any, held at the close of the reporting period was $91, or less than 0.1% of net assets.
(AFF) Affiliated company. For investments in Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC and Putnam Short Term Investment Fund, the rate quoted in the security description is the annualized 7-day yield of the fund at the close of the reporting period. Transactions during the period with any company which is under common ownership or control were as follows:
Name of affiliate Fair value
as of
6/30/20		 Purchase
cost		 Sale
proceeds		 Investment
income		 Shares outstanding
and fair
value as of
3/31/21
Short-term investments
Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC*# $270,949,625 $1,165,770,281 $1,371,914,056 $311,917 $64,805,850
Putnam Short Term Investment Fund** 133,724,785 622,519,481 678,637,854 149,685 77,606,412
Total Short-term investments $404,674,410 $1,788,289,762 $2,050,551,910 $461,602 $142,412,262
* No management fees are charged to Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC. There were no realized or unrealized gains or losses during the period.
# The fund may lend securities, through its agent, to qualified borrowers in order to earn additional income. The loans are collateralized by cash in an amount at least equal to the fair value of the securities loaned. The fair value of securities loaned is determined daily and any additional required collateral is allocated to the fund on the next business day. The remaining maturities of the securities lending transactions are considered overnight and continuous. The risk of borrower default will be borne by the fund’s agent; the fund will bear the risk of loss with respect to the investment of the cash collateral. The fund received cash collateral of $64,805,850, which is invested in Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC, a limited liability company managed by an affiliate of Putnam Management. Investments in Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC are valued at its closing net asset value each business day. There are no management fees charged to Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC. The rate quoted in the security description is the annualized 7-day yield at the close of the reporting period. At the close of the reporting period, the value of securities loaned amounted to $63,614,612.
** Management fees charged to Putnam Short Term Investment Fund have been waived by Putnam Management. There were no realized or unrealized gains or losses during the period.
(F) This security is valued by Putnam Management at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Securities are classified as Level 3 for ASC 820 based on the securities' valuation inputs.
(i) This security was pledged, or purchased with cash that was pledged, to the fund for collateral on certain derivative contracts.
(P) This security was pledged, or purchased with cash that was pledged, to the fund for collateral on certain derivative contracts. The rate quoted in the security description is the annualized 7-day yield of the fund at the close of the reporting period.
(R) Real Estate Investment Trust.
(S) This security is on loan, in part or in entirety, at the close of the reporting period.
Unless otherwise noted, the rates quoted in Short-term investments security descriptions represent the weighted average yield to maturity.
The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.
Security valuation: Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.
Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sales price on their principal exchange, or official closing price for certain markets, and are classified as Level 1 securities under ASC 820. If no sales are reported, as in the case of some securities that are traded OTC, a security is valued at its last reported bid price and is generally categorized as a Level 2 security.
Investments in open-end investment companies (excluding exchange-traded funds), if any, which can be classified as Level 1 or Level 2 securities, are valued based on their net asset value. The net asset value of such investment companies equals the total value of their assets less their liabilities and divided by the number of their outstanding shares.
Market quotations are not considered to be readily available for certain debt obligations (including short-term investments with remaining maturities of 60 days or less) and other investments; such investments are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees or dealers selected by Putnam Management. Such services or dealers determine valuations for normal institutional-size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships, generally recognized by institutional traders, between securities (which consider such factors as security prices, yields, maturities and ratings). These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.
Many securities markets and exchanges outside the U.S. close prior to the scheduled close of the New York Stock Exchange and therefore the closing prices for securities in such markets or on such exchanges may not fully reflect events that occur after such close but before the scheduled close of the New York Stock Exchange. Accordingly, on certain days, the fund will fair value certain foreign equity securities taking into account multiple factors including movements in the U.S. securities markets, currency valuations and comparisons to the valuation of American Depository Receipts, exchange-traded funds and futures contracts. The foreign equity securities, which would generally be classified as Level 1 securities, will be transferred to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy when they are valued at fair value. The number of days on which fair value prices will be used will depend on market activity and it is possible that fair value prices will be used by the fund to a significant extent. Securities quoted in foreign currencies, if any, are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate.
To the extent a pricing service or dealer is unable to value a security or provides a valuation that Putnam Management does not believe accurately reflects the security's fair value, the security will be valued at fair value by Putnam Management in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Trustees. Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs.
To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.
Forward currency contracts: The fund buys and sells forward currency contracts, which are agreements between two parties to buy and sell currencies at a set price on a future date. These contracts were used to hedge foreign exchange risk.
The U.S. dollar value of forward currency contracts is determined using current forward currency exchange rates supplied by a quotation service. The fair value of the contract will fluctuate with changes in currency exchange rates. The contract is marked to market daily and the change in fair value is recorded as an unrealized gain or loss. The fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed when the contract matures or by delivery of the currency. The fund could be exposed to risk if the value of the currency changes unfavorably, if the counterparties to the contracts are unable to meet the terms of their contracts or if the fund is unable to enter into a closing position.
For the fund's average contract amount on forward currency contracts, see the appropriate table at the end of these footnotes.
Master agreements: The fund is a party to ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.) Master Agreements (Master Agreements) with certain counterparties that govern OTC derivative and foreign exchange contracts entered into from time to time. The Master Agreements may contain provisions regarding, among other things, the parties’ general obligations, representations, agreements, collateral requirements, events of default and early termination. With respect to certain counterparties, in accordance with the terms of the Master Agreements, collateral posted to the fund is held in a segregated account by the fund’s custodian and, with respect to those amounts which can be sold or repledged, is presented in the fund’s portfolio.
Collateral pledged by the fund is segregated by the fund’s custodian and identified in the fund’s portfolio. Collateral can be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. Government or related agencies or other securities as agreed to by the fund and the applicable counterparty. Collateral requirements are determined based on the fund’s net position with each counterparty.
Termination events applicable to the fund may occur upon a decline in the fund’s net assets below a specified threshold over a certain period of time. Termination events applicable to counterparties may occur upon a decline in the counterparty’s long-term and short-term credit ratings below a specified level. In each case, upon occurrence, the other party may elect to terminate early and cause settlement of all derivative and foreign exchange contracts outstanding, including the payment of any losses and costs resulting from such early termination, as reasonably determined by the terminating party. Any decision by one or more of the fund’s counterparties to elect early termination could impact the fund’s future derivative activity.
At the close of the reporting period, the fund did not have a net liability position on open derivative contracts subject to the Master Agreements.








ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund's investments. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.
Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund's net assets as of the close of the reporting period:
  Valuation inputs
Investments in securities: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Common stocks*:
Communication services $150,275,422 $— $—
Consumer discretionary 827,693,682 — 91
Consumer staples 352,128,715 — —
Financials 646,746,730 — —
Health care 837,832,252 — —
Industrials 651,122,805 — —
Information technology 1,760,086,378 — —
Materials 415,976,319 — —
Real estate 150,050,210 — —
Utilities 223,151,142 — —
Total common stocks 6,015,063,655 — 91
Convertible preferred stocks — — **
U.S. treasury obligations — 501,335 —
Warrants — — —
Short-term investments 1,410,000 143,612,230 —
Totals by level $6,016,473,655 $144,113,565 $91
  Valuation inputs
Other financial instruments: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Forward currency contracts $— $1,999,281 $—
Totals by level $— $1,999,281 $—
* Common stock classifications are presented at the sector level, which may differ from the fund's portfolio presentation.
**Value of Level 3 security is $—.
At the start and close of the reporting period, Level 3 investments in securities represented less than 1% of the fund's net assets and were not considered a significant portion of the fund's portfolio.
The volume of activity for the reporting period for any derivative type that was held at the close of the period is listed below and was based on an average of the holdings of that derivative at the end of each fiscal quarter in the reporting period:
Forward currency contracts (contract amount) $144,100,000
Warrants (number of warrants) 55,000
For additional information regarding the fund please see the fund's most recent annual or semiannual shareholder report filed on the Securities and Exchange Commission's Web site, www.sec.gov, or visit Putnam's Individual Investor Web site at www.putnaminvestments.com