INCOME TAXES

The Company recognizes tax-related interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. The Company is not subject to examinations by authorities related to its U.S. federal or state income tax filings for years prior to 2010. Tax returns have been filed through the year 2012. Extensions have been filed for 2013.

Net deferred tax liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of the enacted tax laws. Management believes that, based on its historical pattern of taxable income, the Company will produce sufficient income in the future to realize its deferred tax assets. The Company recognized net deferred tax asset positions of $3,945,000 at March 31, 2014 and $4,654,000 at December 31, 2013.

The tax effect of significant differences representing deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	As of March 31, 2014			As of December 31, 2013
General expenses	$	1,331		$	1,326
Unearned premiums	1,931			1,855
Claims liabilities	742			700
Litigation settlement	3,173			3,173
AMT credit	335			335
NOL carryforward	474			849
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps	345			305
Deferred tax assets	8,331			8,543

Depreciation	(77		)	(119		)
Deferred policy acquisition costs	(2,970		)	(2,984		)
Unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale	(1,339		)	(786		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(4,386		)	(3,889		)
Net deferred tax asset	$	3,945		$	4,654

The appropriate income tax effects of changes in temporary differences are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2014			2013
Deferred policy acquisition costs	$	(14	)	$	(43	)
Trading securities	—			(1		)
Unearned premiums	(76		)	(26		)
General expenses	(5		)	(57		)
Depreciation	(42		)	(11		)
Claim liabilities	(42		)	(109		)
NOL carryforward	375			(504		)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	$	196		$	(751	)

Total income tax expense (benefit) varies from amounts computed by applying current federal income tax rates to income or loss before income taxes. The reasons for these differences and the approximate tax effects are as follows:



	Three months ended March 31,
	2014		2013
Federal income tax rate applied to pre-tax income/loss	34.0	%	(34.0	)%
Dividends received deduction and tax-exempt interest	(2.4	)%	(3.2	)%
Company owned life insurance	(0.8	)%	(1.6	)%
Small life deduction	(11.4	)%	(15.4	)%
AMT	1.9	%	—	%
Other, net	0.8	%	(6.0	)%
Effective federal income tax rate	22.1	%	(60.2	)%

At March 31, 2014, the Company has approximately $1,396,000 of net operating loss carryforwards available ($474,000 tax benefit) to be applied to future periods. These carryforwards expire in 2031 and 2032.