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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 29, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
NOTE 13: INCOME TAXES
Income before taxes and the provision (benefit) for taxes consisted of the following:
202320222021
(In millions)
Income before taxes:
United States$26.9 $117.7 $144.0 
Foreign330.1 451.4 430.6 
Total$357.0 $569.1 $574.6 
Provision (benefit) for taxes:
U.S. Federal:
Current$57.1 $98.4 $27.1 
Deferred(92.5)(97.7)(22.9)
(35.4)0.7 4.2 
U.S. State:
Current12.8 12.6 5.6 
Deferred(6.6)(5.0)(2.5)
6.2 7.6 3.1 
Foreign:
Current80.4 48.4 76.0 
Deferred(5.5)62.7 (1.5)
74.9 111.1 74.5 
Income tax provision$45.7 $119.4 $81.8 
Effective tax rate12.8 %21.0 %14.2 %
The difference between the tax provision (benefit) at the statutory federal income tax rate and the tax provision (benefit) as a percentage of income before taxes (“effective tax rate”) was as follows:
202320222021
Statutory federal income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Increase (reduction) in tax rate resulting from:
Foreign income taxed at different rates0.8 %4.4 %0.5 %
U.S. State income taxes1.0 %1.0 %1.1 %
Stock-based compensation4.8 %1.2 %(0.8)%
Other U.S. taxes on foreign operations(4.4)%(3.1)%(1.6)%
Foreign-derived intangible income
(3.9)%(0.4)%— %
U.S. Federal research and development credits(5.4)%(2.2)%(2.1)%
Tax reserve releases(2.5)%(1.8)%(2.1)%
Intellectual property restructuring and tax law changes— %— %(2.5)%
Other1.4 %0.9 %0.7 %
Effective tax rate12.8 %21.0 %14.2 %
Our effective income tax rates for 2023 and 2022 were 12.8% and 21.0%. The decrease was primarily due to increases in tax benefits from U.S. federal R&D credits and FDII in 2023, and a change in the geographic mix of earnings, partially offset by lower stock-based compensation deductions in the current year.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
At the End of Year20232022
(In millions)  
Deferred tax liabilities:
Global intangible low-taxed income$105.8 $137.8 
Purchased intangibles373.6 121.1 
Operating lease right-of-use assets30.2 29.0 
Other19.7 16.1 
Total deferred tax liabilities529.3 304.0 
Deferred tax assets:
Depreciation and amortization368.2 400.0 
Capitalized research and development98.4 67.5 
Operating lease liabilities
36.2 32.8 
U.S. tax credit carryforwards23.5 25.6 
Expenses not currently deductible26.5 30.9 
Net operating loss carryforwards
17.9 20.0 
Stock-based compensation
16.7 13.8 
Intercompany prepayments
36.6 — 
Other60.8 36.6 
Total deferred tax assets684.8 627.2 
Valuation allowance(31.0)(42.6)
Total deferred tax assets653.8 584.6 
Total net deferred tax assets$124.5 $280.6 
Reported as:
Non-current deferred income tax assets$412.3 $438.4 
Non-current deferred income tax liabilities(287.8)(157.8)
Net deferred tax assets$124.5 $280.6 
At the end of 2023, we have U.S. federal and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, of approximately $19.1 million and $86.3 million, respectively. The U.S. federal NOLs will begin to expire in 2026. There is generally no expiration for the foreign NOLs. Utilization of our U.S. federal NOLs is subject to annual limitations in accordance with the applicable tax code. We have determined that it is more likely than not that we will not realize a portion of the foreign NOLs and, accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established for such amount.
We have California research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $35.3 million, which have an indefinite carryforward period. We believe that it is more likely than not that we will not realize a significant portion of the California research and development credit carryforwards and, accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established for such amount.
As a result of the Tax Act, we can repatriate foreign earnings back to the U.S. when needed with minimal U.S. income tax consequences. We reinvested a large portion of our undistributed foreign earnings in acquisitions and other investments and intend to bring back a portion of foreign cash that was subject to the transition tax and the global intangible low-taxed income tax. During 2023, we repatriated $371.3 million of our foreign earnings to the U.S.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at the end of 2023 was $88.3 million. A reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits was as follows: 
202320222021
(In millions)
Beginning balance$76.5 $64.2 $64.1 
Increase related to current year tax positions12.4 23.0 9.6 
(Decrease) increase related to prior years' tax positions7.6 (0.7)1.3 
Settlement with taxing authorities— — (1.3)
Lapse of statute of limitations(8.2)(10.0)(9.5)
Ending balance$88.3 $76.5 $64.2 
Total unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate were $59.5 million and $51.6 million at the end of 2023 and 2022.
We and our subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes. Our tax years are substantially closed for all U.S. federal and state income taxes for audit purposes through 2015. Non-U.S. income tax matters have been concluded for years through 2008. We are currently in various stages of multiple year examinations from state and foreign (multiple jurisdictions) taxing authorities. While we generally believe it is more likely than not that our tax positions will be sustained, it is reasonably possible that future obligations related to these matters could arise. We believe that our reserves are adequate to cover any potential assessments that may result from the examinations and negotiations.
Although timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is not certain, we do not believe that our gross unrecognized tax benefits would materially change in the next twelve months.
Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Our liability for unrecognized tax benefits including interest and penalties was recorded in Other non-current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At the end of 2023 and 2022, we accrued $9.9 million and $8.4 million for interest and penalties.