Note 5 – Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company's standard credit terms vary from 30 to 120 days, depending on the class of trade and customary terms within a territory, so accounts receivable is affected by the mix of purchasers within the period. As is typical in the Company's business, extended credit terms may occasionally be offered as a sales promotion or for certain sales. The Company has agreed to credit terms of up to 150 days with its distributor in the Republic of South Africa and up to 180 days with its distributor in Brazil.

The components of accounts receivable consist of the following at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018:


	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018

Accounts receivable	$	4,838,665	$	4,046,733
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(33,143)		(36,201)
Less: allowance for sales and payment term discounts		(38,560)		(37,900)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,766,962	$	3,972,632

On December 27, 2017, we entered into a settlement agreement with Semina, our distributor in Brazil, pursuant to which Semina made a payment of $2.2 million and was obligated to make a second payment of $1.5 million by February 28, 2018, to settle net amounts due to us totaling $7.5 million relating to the Brazil tender in 2014. Semina did not make its second payment of $1.5 million by February 28, 2018. In July 2018, the Company agreed to accept $1.3 million as settlement of the $1.5 million that was owed. The settlement was not related to our belief in the ultimate collectability of the receivables or in the creditworthiness of Semina. We elected to settle these amounts due to the uncertainty regarding the timing of payment by the Brazilian Government and, ultimately to us, on the remaining amounts due. The result of the settlement was a net loss of $0.2 million and $4.0 million in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, which is presented as a separate line item in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

At June 30, 2019, no customer had an accounts receivable balance that represented greater than 10% of current assets. At September 30, 2018, one customer had an accounts receivable balance that represented 15% of current assets.

At June 30, 2019, three customers had an accounts receivable balance greater than 10% of net accounts receivable, representing 76% of net accounts receivable in the aggregate. At September 30, 2018, three customers had an accounts receivable balance greater than 10% of net accounts receivable, representing 74% of net accounts receivable in the aggregate.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, there were three customers whose individual net revenue to the Company exceeded 10% of the Company’s net revenues, representing 63% of the Company’s net revenues in the aggregate. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, there were two customers whose individual net revenue to the Company exceeded 10% of the Company’s net revenues, representing 78% of the Company’s net revenues in the aggregate.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, there were three customers whose individual net revenue to the Company exceeded 10% of the Company’s net revenues, representing 64% of the Company’s net revenues in the aggregate. For the nine months ended June 30, 2018, there were three customers whose individual net revenue to the Company exceeded 10% of the Company’s net revenues, representing 65% of the Company’s net revenues in the aggregate.

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments on accounts receivable. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by identifying troubled accounts and by using historical experience applied to an aging of accounts. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer receivables and considers a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions. Accounts receivable are charged-off when deemed uncollectible. The table below summarizes the change in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.


	Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018

Beginning balance	$	36,201	$	38,103
Charges to expense		—		3,058
Charge-offs		(3,058)		(5,000)
Ending balance	$	33,143	$	36,161

Recoveries of accounts receivable previously charged off are recorded when received. The Company’s customers are primarily large global agencies, non-government organizations, ministries of health and other governmental agencies, which purchase and distribute FC2 for use in HIV/AIDS prevention and family planning programs. In the U.S., the Company’s customers include telemedicine providers who sell into the prescription channel.