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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets disclosure  
Goodwill by segment [Table Text Block]

(at December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016  

Business Insurance(1)

   $ 2,585   $ 2,227  

Bond & Specialty Insurance

     550     549  

Personal Insurance

     790     778  

Other

     26     26  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 3,951   $ 3,580  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(1)
On August 4, 2017, the Company acquired Simply Business for strategic opportunities related to the potential growth of the small commercial business market through advancements in its product and underwriting technology, including a distribution model that provides the capability to better assess and prepare for the demands of small business owners who prefer to shop, purchase and service their insurance needs online. At December 31, 2017, goodwill related to the acquisition of Simply Business was $354 million. The total amount of goodwill expected to be deductible for tax purposes related to Simply Business is $466 million, which includes certain acquisition costs and intangible assets.
Other intangible assets subject to amortization [Table Text Block]

(at December 31, 2017, in millions)
  Gross
Carrying
Amount		   Accumulated
Amortization		   Net  

Subject to amortization

                    

Customer-related

   $ 77   $ 4   $ 73  

Contract-based(1)

     209     167     42  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total subject to amortization

     286     171     115  

Not subject to amortization

     227     —     227  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 513   $ 171   $ 342  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​


 

(at December 31, 2016, in millions)
  Gross
Carrying
Amount		   Accumulated
Amortization		   Net  

Subject to amortization

                    

Contract-based(1)

   $ 210   $ 159   $ 51  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total subject to amortization

     210     159     51  

Not subject to amortization

     217     —     217  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 427   $ 159   $ 268  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(1)
Contract-based intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of fair value adjustments on claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, reinsurance recoverables and other contract-related intangible assets. Customer-related intangible assets were not material as of December 31, 2016. Fair value adjustments recorded in connection with insurance acquisitions were based on management's estimate of nominal claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and reinsurance recoverables. The method used calculated a risk adjustment to a risk-free discounted reserve that would, if reserves ran off as expected, produce results that yielded the assumed cost-of-capital on the capital supporting the loss reserves. The fair value adjustments are reported as other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheet, and the amounts measured in accordance with the acquirer's accounting policies for insurance contracts have been reported as part of the claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and reinsurance recoverables. The intangible assets are being recognized into income over the expected payment pattern. Because the time value of money and the risk adjustment (cost of capital) components of the intangible assets run off at different rates, the amount recognized in income may be a net benefit in some periods and a net expense in other periods.
Other intangible assets not subject to amortization [Table Text Block]

(at December 31, 2017, in millions)
  Gross
Carrying
Amount		   Accumulated
Amortization		   Net  

Subject to amortization

                    

Customer-related

   $ 77   $ 4   $ 73  

Contract-based(1)

     209     167     42  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total subject to amortization

     286     171     115  

Not subject to amortization

     227     —     227  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 513   $ 171   $ 342  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​


 

(at December 31, 2016, in millions)
  Gross
Carrying
Amount		   Accumulated
Amortization		   Net  

Subject to amortization

                    

Contract-based(1)

   $ 210   $ 159   $ 51  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total subject to amortization

     210     159     51  

Not subject to amortization

     217     —     217  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 427   $ 159   $ 268  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(1)
Contract-based intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of fair value adjustments on claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, reinsurance recoverables and other contract-related intangible assets. Customer-related intangible assets were not material as of December 31, 2016. Fair value adjustments recorded in connection with insurance acquisitions were based on management's estimate of nominal claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and reinsurance recoverables. The method used calculated a risk adjustment to a risk-free discounted reserve that would, if reserves ran off as expected, produce results that yielded the assumed cost-of-capital on the capital supporting the loss reserves. The fair value adjustments are reported as other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheet, and the amounts measured in accordance with the acquirer's accounting policies for insurance contracts have been reported as part of the claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and reinsurance recoverables. The intangible assets are being recognized into income over the expected payment pattern. Because the time value of money and the risk adjustment (cost of capital) components of the intangible assets run off at different rates, the amount recognized in income may be a net benefit in some periods and a net expense in other periods.