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Investments (tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Investments disclosure  
Amortized cost and fair value of investments in fixed maturities [Table Text Block]

 
    
   Gross Unrealized    
  
 
   Amortized
Cost		   Fair
Value		  
(at December 31, 2017, in millions)
  Gains   Losses  

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities

   $ 2,080   $ 4   $ 8   $ 2,076  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:

                          

Local general obligation

     13,488     444     26     13,906  

Revenue

     11,307     338     19     11,626  

State general obligation

     1,443     44     3     1,484  

Pre-refunded

     3,758     142     1     3,899  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

     29,996     968     49     30,915  

Debt securities issued by foreign governments

     1,505     14     10     1,509  

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

     2,334     87     11     2,410  

All other corporate bonds

     25,311     478     100     25,689  

Redeemable preferred stock

     90     5     —     95  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 61,316   $ 1,556   $ 178   $ 62,694  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​


 

 
    
   Gross Unrealized    
  
 
   Amortized
Cost		   Fair
Value		  
(at December 31, 2016, in millions)
  Gains   Losses  

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities

   $ 2,031   $ 9   $ 5   $ 2,035  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:

                          

Local general obligation

     13,955     271     182     14,044  

Revenue

     10,910     215     147     10,978  

State general obligation

     1,717     36     22     1,731  

Pre-refunded

     4,968     190     1     5,157  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

     31,550     712     352     31,910  

Debt securities issued by foreign governments

     1,631     34     3     1,662  

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

     1,614     100     6     1,708  

All other corporate bonds

     22,737     508     138     23,107  

Redeemable preferred stock

     87     6     —     93  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 59,650   $ 1,369   $ 504   $ 60,515  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturity [Table Text Block]

(at December 31, 2017, in millions)
  Amortized
Cost		   Fair
Value		  

Due in one year or less

   $ 4,720   $ 4,749  

Due after 1 year through 5 years

     16,948     17,283  

Due after 5 years through 10 years

     14,545     14,859  

Due after 10 years

     22,769     23,393  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

    58,982     60,284  

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

     2,334     2,410  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 61,316   $ 62,694  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cost and fair value of investments in equity securities [Table Text Block]

 
    
   Gross
Unrealized		    
  
 
    
   Fair
Value		  
(at December 31, 2017, in millions)
  Cost   Gains   Losses  

Public common stock

   $ 332   $ 8   $ 1   $ 339  

Non-redeemable preferred stock

     108     12     6     114  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 440   $ 20   $ 7   $ 453  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​


 

 
    
   Gross
Unrealized		    
  
 
    
   Fair
Value		  
(at December 31, 2016, in millions)
  Cost   Gains   Losses  

Public common stock

   $ 390   $ 216   $ 3   $ 603  

Non-redeemable preferred stock

     114     20     5     129  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 504   $ 236   $ 8   $ 732  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Unrealized investment losses [Table Text Block]

 
   Less than 12 months   12 months or longer   Total  
(at December 31, 2017, in millions)
  Fair
Value		   Gross
Unrealized
Losses		   Fair
Value		   Gross
Unrealized
Losses		   Fair
Value		   Gross
Unrealized
Losses		  

Fixed maturities

                                      

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities

   $ 1,150   $ 5   $ 470   $ 3   $ 1,620   $ 8  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

     505     2     2,959     47     3,464     49  

Debt securities issued by foreign governments

     394     6     111     4     505     10  

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

     1,021     7     250     4     1,271     11  

All other corporate bonds

     6,062     48     1,990     52     8,052     100  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total fixed maturities

     9,132     68     5,780     110     14,912     178  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Equity securities

                                      

Public common stock

     18     —     34     1     52     1  

Non-redeemable preferred stock

     3     —     56     6     59     6  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total equity securities

     21     —     90     7     111     7  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 9,153   $ 68   $ 5,870   $ 117   $ 15,023   $ 185  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

 
   Less than 12 months   12 months or longer   Total  
(at December 31, 2016, in millions)
  Fair
Value		   Gross
Unrealized
Losses		   Fair
Value		   Gross
Unrealized
Losses		   Fair
Value		   Gross
Unrealized
Losses		  

Fixed maturities

                                      

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities

   $ 1,124   $ 5   $ —   $ —   $ 1,124   $ 5  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

     9,781     352     12     —     9,793     352  

Debt securities issued by foreign governments

     360     3     —     —     360     3  

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

     528     5     43     1     571     6  

All other corporate bonds

     6,470     115     437     23     6,907     138  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total fixed maturities

     18,263     480     492     24     18,755     504  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Equity securities

                                      

Public common stock

     45     2     10     1     55     3  

Non-redeemable preferred stock

     2     —     59     5     61     5  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total equity securities

     47     2     69     6     116     8  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 18,310   $ 482   $ 561   $ 30   $ 18,871   $ 512  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Impairment charges included in net realized investment gains [Table Text Block]

(for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016   2015  

Fixed maturities

                    

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities

   $ —   $ —   $ —  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

     —     —     —  

Debt securities issued by foreign governments

     —     —     —  

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

     —     —     —  

All other corporate bonds

     4     15     13  

Redeemable preferred stock

     —     —     —  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total fixed maturities

     4     15     13  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Equity securities

    
 		    
 		    
 		  

Public common stock

     9     9     37  

Non-redeemable preferred stock

     —     3     —  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total equity securities

     9     12     37  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Other investments

     1     2     2  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

   $ 14   $ 29   $ 52  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cumulative amount of and the changes during the year in the credit losses of other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) on fixed maturities recognized in the consolidated statement of income for which a portion of the OTTI was recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) [Table Text Block]

Year ended December 31, 2017
(in millions)
  Cumulative
OTTI Credit
Losses
Recognized for
Securities Held,
Beginning of
Period		   Additions for
OTTI Securities
Where No
Credit Losses
Were
Previously
Recognized		   Additions for
OTTI Securities
Where Credit
Losses Have
Been
Previously
Recognized		   Reductions
Due to
Sales/Defaults
of Credit-
Impaired
Securities		   Adjustments to
Book Value
of Credit-
Impaired
Securities due
to Changes in
Cash Flows		   Cumulative OTTI
Credit Losses
Recognized for
Securities Still
Held, End of
Period		  

Fixed maturities

                                      

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

   $ 31   $ —   $ —   $ —   $ (2 ) $ 29  

All other corporate bonds

     54     —     1     (7 )   (2 )   46  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total fixed maturities

   $ 85   $ —   $ 1   $ (7 ) $ (4 ) $ 75  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Year ended December 31, 2016
(in millions)
  Cumulative
OTTI Credit
Losses
Recognized for
Securities Held,
Beginning of
Period		   Additions for
OTTI Securities
Where No
Credit Losses
Were
Previously
Recognized		   Additions for
OTTI Securities
Where Credit
Losses Have
Been
Previously
Recognized		   Reductions
Due to
Sales/Defaults
of Credit-
Impaired
Securities		   Adjustments to
Book Value
of Credit-
Impaired
Securities due
to Changes in
Cash Flows		   Cumulative OTTI
Credit Losses
Recognized for
Securities Still
Held, End of
Period		  

Fixed maturities

                                      

Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities

   $ 32   $ —   $ —   $ —   $ (1 ) $ 31  

All other corporate bonds

     51     13     —     (7 )   (3 )   54  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total fixed maturities

   $ 83   $ 13   $ —   $ (7 ) $ (4 ) $ 85  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net investment income [Table Text Block]

(for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016   2015  

Gross investment income

                    

Fixed maturities

   $ 1,895   $ 1,981   $ 2,091  

Equity securities

     28     37     39  

Short-term securities

     62     29     12  

Real estate investments

     44     51     48  

Other investments

     406     242     230  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Gross investment income

     2,435     2,340     2,420  

Investment expenses

     38     38     41  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net investment income

   $ 2,397   $ 2,302   $ 2,379  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Changes in net unrealized investment gains [Table Text Block]

(at and for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016   2015  

Changes in net unrealized investment gains

                    

Fixed maturities

   $ 513   $ (915 ) $ (893 )

Equity securities

     (215 )   51     (143 )

Other investments

     4     2     2  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Change in net pre-tax unrealized gains on investment securities

     302     (862 )   (1,034 )

Related tax expense (benefit)

     78     (303 )   (357 )
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Change in net unrealized gains on investment securities

     224     (559 )   (677 )

Balance, beginning of year

     730     1,289     1,966  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Balance, end of year

   $ 954   $ 730   $ 1,289  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​