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Segment Information (tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Information disclosure  
Company's revenues and income by segment [Table Text Block]

(for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  Business
Insurance		   Bond &
Specialty
Insurance		   Personal
Insurance		   Total
Reportable
Segments		  

2017

                          

Premiums

   $ 14,146   $ 2,307   $ 9,230   $ 25,683  

Net investment income

     1,786     228     383     2,397  

Fee income

     430     —     17     447  

Other revenues

     69     24     60     153  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total segment revenues(1)

   $ 16,431   $ 2,559   $ 9,690   $ 28,680  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Amortization and depreciation

   $ 2,852   $ 493   $ 1,627   $ 4,972  

Income tax expense (benefit)

     448     208     (44 )   612  

Segment income(1)

     1,613     556     128     2,297  

2016

    
 		    
 		    
 		    
 		  

Premiums

   $ 13,855   $ 2,260   $ 8,419   $ 24,534  

Net investment income

     1,701     239     362     2,302  

Fee income

     442     —     16     458  

Other revenues

     168     21     63     252  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total segment revenues(1)

   $ 16,166   $ 2,520   $ 8,860   $ 27,546  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Amortization and depreciation

   $ 2,783   $ 491   $ 1,530   $ 4,804  

Income tax expense

     656     309     192     1,157  

Segment income(1)

     1,982     712     517     3,211  

2015

    
 		    
 		    
 		    
 		  

Premiums

   $ 13,698   $ 2,267   $ 7,909   $ 23,874  

Net investment income

     1,757     254     368     2,379  

Fee income

     445     —     15     460  

Other revenues

     17     22     54     93  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total segment revenues(1)

   $ 15,917   $ 2,543   $ 8,346   $ 26,806  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Amortization and depreciation

   $ 2,725   $ 501   $ 1,470   $ 4,696  

Income tax expense

     744     283     416     1,443  

Segment income(1)

     2,077     683     932     3,692  
(1)
Segment revenues for reportable business segments exclude net realized investment gains. Segment income for reportable business segments equals net income excluding the after-tax impact of net realized investment gains and the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 at enactment.
Net written premiums by market [Table Text Block]

(for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016   2015  

Business Insurance:

                    

Domestic:

                    

Select Accounts

   $ 2,800   $ 2,729   $ 2,716  

Middle Market

     7,756     7,379     7,186  

National Accounts

     1,010     1,058     1,048  

National Property and Other

     1,691     1,779     1,791  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Domestic

     13,257     12,945     12,741  

International

     1,013     955     1,033  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Business Insurance

     14,270     13,900     13,774  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Bond & Specialty Insurance:

                    

Domestic:

                    

Management Liability

     1,367     1,342     1,326  

Surety

     793     757     755  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Domestic

     2,160     2,099     2,081  

International

     199     172     192  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Bond & Specialty Insurance

     2,359     2,271     2,273  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Personal Insurance:

                    

Domestic:

                    

Agency:

                    

Automobile

     4,646     4,103     3,534  

Homeowners and Other

     3,933     3,772     3,687  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Agency

     8,579     7,875     7,221  

Direct-to-Consumer

     361     309     236  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Domestic

     8,940     8,184     7,457  

International

     650     603     617  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Personal Insurance

     9,590     8,787     8,074  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total consolidated net written premiums

   $ 26,219   $ 24,958   $ 24,121  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Business segment reconciliations of revenue and income, net of tax [Table Text Block]

(for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016   2015  

Revenue reconciliation

                    

Earned premiums

                    

Business Insurance:

                    

Domestic:

                    

Workers' compensation

   $ 3,962   $ 3,969   $ 3,867  

Commercial automobile

     2,132     2,010     1,922  

Commercial property

     1,775     1,769     1,766  

General liability

     2,047     1,977     1,898  

Commercial multi-peril

     3,198     3,148     3,133  

Other

     29     31     39  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Domestic

     13,143     12,904     12,625  

International

     1,003     951     1,073  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Business Insurance

     14,146     13,855     13,698  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Bond & Specialty Insurance:

                    

Domestic:

                    

Fidelity and surety

     977     962     954  

General liability

     962     946     955  

Other

     187     180     176  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Domestic

     2,126     2,088     2,085  

International

     181     172     182  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Bond & Specialty Insurance

     2,307     2,260     2,267  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Personal Insurance:

                    

Domestic:

                    

Automobile

     4,655     4,013     3,512  

Homeowners and Other

     3,943     3,813     3,756  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Domestic

     8,598     7,826     7,268  

International

     632     593     641  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Personal Insurance

     9,230     8,419     7,909  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total earned premiums

     25,683     24,534     23,874  

Net investment income

     2,397     2,302     2,379  

Fee income

     447     458     460  

Other revenues

     153     252     93  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total segment revenues

     28,680     27,546     26,806  

Other revenues

     6     11     6  

Net realized investment gains

     216     68     3  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total revenues

   $ 28,902   $ 27,625   $ 26,815  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Income reconciliation, net of tax

                    

Total segment income

   $ 2,297   $ 3,211   $ 3,692  

Interest Expense and Other(1)

     (254 )   (244 )   (255 )
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Core income

     2,043     2,967     3,437  

Net realized investment gains

     142     47     2  

Impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 at enactment

     (129 )   —     —  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income

   $ 2,056   $ 3,014   $ 3,439  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(1)
The primary component of Interest Expense and Other was after-tax interest expense of $240 million, $236 million and $242 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Asset reconciliation [Table Text Block]


(at December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016  

Asset reconciliation:

              

Business Insurance

   $ 78,082   $ 75,730  

Bond & Specialty Insurance

     8,776     8,726  

Personal Insurance

     15,949     15,426  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total assets for reportable segments

     102,807     99,882  

Other assets(1)

     676     363  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total consolidated assets

   $ 103,483   $ 100,245  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(1)
The primary components of other assets at December 31, 2017 were accrued over-funded benefit plan assets related to the Company's qualified domestic pension plan, other intangible assets and deferred taxes. The primary components of other assets at December 31, 2016 were other intangible assets and deferred taxes.
Revenues of the Company's operations based on location [Table Text Block]

(for the year ended December 31, in millions)
  2017   2016   2015  

U.S. 

   $ 27,253   $ 25,904   $ 25,127  

Non-U.S.:

                    

Canada

     1,232     1,154     1,202  

Other Non-U.S. 

     417     567     486  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total Non-U.S. 

     1,649     1,721     1,688  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total revenues

   $ 28,902   $ 27,625   $ 26,815  
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​