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Segment Information (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Company's revenues and income by segment [Table Text Block]
(for the year ended December 31, in millions)Business
Insurance		Bond &
Specialty
Insurance		Personal
Insurance		Total
Reportable
Segments
2020
Premiums$15,294 $2,823 $10,927 $29,044 
Net investment income1,633 213 381 2,227 
Fee income405 — 24 429 
Other revenues176 27 76 279 
Total segment revenues (1)
$17,508 $3,063 $11,408 $31,979 
Amortization and depreciation$3,069 $579 $1,908 $5,556 
Income tax expense213 107 308 628 
Segment income (1)
1,309 473 1,195 2,977 
2019
Premiums$15,300 $2,565 $10,407 $28,272 
Net investment income1,816 233 419 2,468 
Fee income437 — 22 459 
Other revenues155 26 87 268 
Total segment revenues (1)
$17,708 $2,824 $10,935 $31,467 
Amortization and depreciation$3,037 $533 $1,787 $5,357 
Income tax expense223 151 195 569 
Segment income (1)
1,392 618 824 2,834 
2018
Premiums$14,722 $2,420 $9,917 $27,059 
Net investment income1,833 233 408 2,474 
Fee income412 — 20 432 
Other revenues112 23 66 201 
Total segment revenues (1)
$17,079 $2,676 $10,411 $30,166 
Amortization and depreciation$2,943 $515 $1,719 $5,177 
Income tax expense 259 198 42 499 
Segment income (1)
1,638 793 297 2,728 
_________________________________________
(1)Segment revenues for reportable business segments exclude net realized investment gains (losses) and revenues included in "interest expense and other." Segment income for reportable business segments equals net income excluding the after-tax impact of net realized investment gains (losses) and income (loss) from "interest expense and other."
Net written premiums by market [Table Text Block]
Net written premiums by market were as follows:
(for the year ended December 31, in millions)202020192018
Business Insurance:
Domestic:
Select Accounts$2,821 $2,911 $2,828 
Middle Market8,511 8,630 8,214 
National Accounts996 1,051 1,025 
National Property and Other2,086 1,965 1,805 
Total Domestic14,414 14,557 13,872 
International1,017 1,072 1,084 
Total Business Insurance15,431 15,629 14,956 
Bond & Specialty Insurance:
Domestic:
Management Liability1,769 1,605 1,455 
Surety845 866 835 
Total Domestic2,614 2,471 2,290 
International337 268 238 
Total Bond & Specialty Insurance2,951 2,739 2,528 
Personal Insurance:
Domestic:
Agency:
Automobile5,080 5,124 4,972 
Homeowners and Other5,185 4,540 4,148 
Total Agency10,265 9,664 9,120 
Direct-to-Consumer433 412 396 
Total Domestic10,698 10,076 9,516 
International652 707 708 
Total Personal Insurance11,350 10,783 10,224 
Total consolidated net written premiums$29,732 $29,151 $27,708 
Business segment reconciliations of revenue and income, net of tax [Table Text Block]
(for the year ended December 31, in millions)202020192018
Revenue reconciliation
Earned premiums
Business Insurance:
Domestic:
Workers’ compensation$3,378 $3,829 $3,899 
Commercial automobile2,761 2,632 2,388 
Commercial property2,087 1,937 1,828 
General liability2,401 2,342 2,181 
Commercial multi-peril3,552 3,453 3,333 
Other54 40 28 
Total Domestic14,233 14,233 13,657 
International1,061 1,067 1,065 
Total Business Insurance15,294 15,300 14,722 
Bond & Specialty Insurance:
Domestic:
Fidelity and surety1,075 1,036 1,017 
General liability1,219 1,082 1,004 
Other237 216 195 
Total Domestic2,531 2,334 2,216 
International292 231 204 
Total Bond & Specialty Insurance2,823 2,565 2,420 
Personal Insurance:
Domestic
Automobile5,280 5,311 5,097 
Homeowners and Other4,988 4,393 4,135 
Total Domestic10,268 9,704 9,232 
International659 703 685 
Total Personal Insurance10,927 10,407 9,917 
Total earned premiums29,044 28,272 27,059 
Net investment income2,227 2,468 2,474 
Fee income429 459 432 
Other revenues279 268 201 
Total segment revenues31,979 31,467 30,166 
Other revenues— 1 2 
Net realized investment gains2 113 114 
Total revenues$31,981 $31,581 $30,282 
Income reconciliation, net of tax
Total segment income$2,977 $2,834 $2,728 
Interest Expense and Other (1)
(291)(297)(298)
Core income2,686 2,537 2,430 
Net realized investment gains11 85 93 
Net income$2,697 $2,622 $2,523 
________________________________________
(1)    The primary component of Interest Expense and Other was after-tax interest expense of $268 million, $272 million and $278 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Asset reconciliation [Table Text Block]
(at December 31, in millions)20202019
Asset reconciliation:
Business Insurance$88,422 $83,896 
Bond & Specialty Insurance9,420 8,599 
Personal Insurance18,328 17,015 
Total assets for reportable segments116,170 109,510 
Other assets (1)
594 612 
Total consolidated assets$116,764 $110,122 
___________________________________________
(1)    The primary components of other assets at both December 31, 2020 and 2019, were accrued over-funded benefit plan assets related to the Company's qualified domestic pension plan and other intangible assets.
Revenues of the Company's operations based on location [Table Text Block]
The following table presents revenues of the Company’s operations based on location:
(for the year ended December 31, in millions)202020192018
U.S.$30,123 $29,638 $28,418 
Non-U.S.:
Canada1,278 1,371 1,293 
Other Non-U.S.580 572 571 
Total Non-U.S.1,858 1,943 1,864 
Total revenues$31,981 $31,581 $30,282