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Investments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Investments [Abstract]  
Amortized cost and fair value of investments in fixed maturities [Table Text Block]
The amortized cost and fair value of investments in fixed maturities classified as available for sale were as follows:
 Amortized CostAllowance for Expected Credit LossesGross UnrealizedFair Value
(at September 30, 2020, in millions)GainsLosses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities
$2,083 $ $43 $ $2,126 
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:
Local general obligation17,019  1,267 8 18,278 
Revenue11,871  829 6 12,694 
State general obligation1,160  91  1,251 
Pre-refunded2,458  160  2,618 
Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions
32,508  2,347 14 34,841 
Debt securities issued by foreign governments952  27  979 
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities
2,572  158  2,730 
All other corporate bonds29,599 4 2,314 35 31,874 
Redeemable preferred stock22  2  24 
Total$67,736 $4 $4,891 $49 $72,574 
 AmortizedGross UnrealizedFair
(at December 31, 2019, in millions)CostGainsLossesValue
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities
$2,076 $19 $— $2,095 
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:
    
Local general obligation15,490 829 16,315 
Revenue9,731 586 10,315 
State general obligation1,167 64 — 1,231 
Pre-refunded1,968 88 — 2,056 
Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions
28,356 1,567 29,917 
Debt securities issued by foreign governments1,167 1,173 
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities
3,192 91 3,280 
All other corporate bonds30,442 1,195 18 31,619 
Redeemable preferred stock48 — 50 
Total$65,281 $2,882 $29 $68,134 
Cost and fair value of investments in equity securities [Table Text Block]
The cost and fair value of investments in equity securities were as follows:
  Fair
(at September 30, 2020, in millions)CostGross GainsGross LossesValue
Public common stock$346 $44 $22 $368 
Non-redeemable preferred stock35 8 1 42 
Total$381 $52 $23 $410 
 
  Fair
(at December 31, 2019, in millions)CostGross GainsGross LossesValue
Public common stock$341 $45 $$383 
Non-redeemable preferred stock35 — 42 
Total$376 $52 $$425 
Unrealized investment losses [Table Text Block]
The following tables summarize, for all investments in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time those securities have been continuously in an unrealized loss position.  The fair value amounts reported in the tables are estimates that are prepared using the process described in note 4 herein and in note 4 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report.  The Company also relies upon estimates of several credit and non-credit factors in its review and evaluation of individual investments, using the process described in note 1 of notes to the consolidated financial statements to determine whether credit impairment exists.
 Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(at September 30, 2020, in millions)Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed maturities      
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities
$169 $ $ $ $169 $ 
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,751 14   1,751 14 
Debt securities issued by foreign governments
14    14  
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities
11  1  12  
All other corporate bonds1,095 28 120 7 1,215 35 
Total $3,040 $42 $121 $7 $3,161 $49 
 
 Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(at December 31, 2019, in millions)Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed maturities  
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities
$$— $193  $— $198 $— 
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions
668 12  — 680 
Debt securities issued by foreign governments
257 147  404 
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities
399 131  530 
All other corporate bonds1,571 10 662  2,233 18 
Total $2,900 $19 $1,145  $10 $4,045 $29 
Changes in the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities classified as available for sale [Table Text Block]
The following tables present changes in the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities classified as available for sale:
Fixed Maturities
(for the three months ended September 30, 2020 in millions)Mortgage-Backed Securities, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Pass-Through SecuritiesAll Other Corporate BondsTotal
Balance, July 1, 2020$— $8 $8 
Additions for expected credit losses on securities where no credit losses were previously recognized
 1 1 
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized
 (3)(3)
Reductions due to sales/defaults of credit-impaired securities
 (2)(2)
Reductions for impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell (1)
   
Balance, September 30, 2020$ $4 $4 


Fixed Maturities
(for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 in millions)Mortgage-Backed Securities, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Pass-Through SecuritiesAll Other Corporate BondsTotal
Balance, January 1, 2020$— $ $ 
Additions for expected credit losses on securities where no credit losses were previously recognized
 9 9 
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized
 (3)(3)
Reductions due to sales/defaults of credit-impaired securities (2)(2)
Reductions for impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell (1)
   
Balance, September 30, 2020$ $4 $4 
 _________________________________________________________
(1)Credit impairment charges recognized in net realized investment gains (losses) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $14 million of credit losses on fixed maturity securities which the Company intends to sell. An allowance for expected credit losses was not previously recorded for these securities.