Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of reporting cash flows, the Company considers all cash accounts, which are not subject to withdrawal restrictions or penalties, and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. From time to time cash balances exceed federal insurance limits.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

On July 1, 2008, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued authoritative guidance related to fair value measurement for financial assets and liabilities. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, post-retirement benefits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value because of their short-term maturity. The carrying amounts of long-term post retirement benefits approximate fair value since the Company utilizes approximate current market interest rates to calculate the liability. While we believe the carrying value of the assets and liabilities is reasonable, considerable judgment is used to develop estimates of fair value; thus the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products at the time of shipment, when title and risk of loss transfer. The Company provides products to its distributors at agreed wholesale prices and to the balance of its customers at set retail prices. Distributors can receive discounts for accepting high volume shipments. The discounts are reflected immediately in the net invoice price, which is the basis for revenue recognition. No further material discounts or sales incentives are given.

The Company’s considerations for recognizing revenue upon shipment of product to a distributor are based on the following:


•	Persuasive evidence that an arrangement (purchase order and sales invoice) exists between a willing buyer (distributor) and the Company that outlines the terms of the sale (company information, quantity of goods, purchase price and payment terms). The buyer (distributor) does not have a right of return.


•	Shipping terms are ex-factory shipping point. At this point the buyer (distributor) takes title to the goods and is responsible for all risks and rewards of ownership, including insuring the goods as necessary.


•	The Company’s price to the buyer (distributor) is fixed and determinable as specifically outlined on the sales invoice. The sales arrangement does not have customer cancellation or termination clauses.


•	The buyer (distributor) places a purchase order with the Company; the terms of the sale are cash, COD or credit. Customer credit is determined based on the Company’s policy and procedures related to the buyer’s (distributor’s) creditworthiness. Based on this determination, the Company believes that collectibility is reasonably assured.

Provision has been made for estimated sales returns based on historical experience.

Shipping and Handling Revenues and Costs

Shipping and handling revenues are included in product revenue and the related costs are included in cost of goods sold.

Inventory

Raw materials, work in process and finished goods are recorded at lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. The composition of inventory is as follows:



	June 30,
	2015		2014
Raw materials	$	1,111,730	$	1,278,929
Work in process	333,526		598,877
Finished goods	774,359		1,032,921
Total inventory	$	2,219,615	$	2,910,727

Valuation allowance activity for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	June 30,
	2015		2014
Balance, July 1	$	198,120	$	198,120
Provision for valuation allowance	—		—
Write-off’s	—		—
Balance, June 30	$	198,120	$	198,120

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition and does not require collateral for accounts receivable arising in the normal course of business. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses based on the Company’s historical trends, specific customer issues and current economic trends. Accounts are written off when they are determined to be uncollectible based on management’s assessment of individual accounts. Allowance for doubtful accounts activity for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	June 30,
	2015			2014
Balance, July 1	$	311,713		$	409,562
Provision for bad debts	181,976			53,755
Write-off’s	(263,145		)	(151,604		)
Balance, June 30	$	230,544		$	311,713

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or lease term. Depreciation on property and equipment is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful life of the related assets. Estimated useful lives are generally 3 to 5 years for computer equipment and software, 5 to 7 years for furniture and fixtures and 5 to 10 years for production and test equipment. Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $12,000 and $11,000, respectively.

Property and equipment consist of the following at:



	June 30,
	2015			2014
Equipment	$	638,667		$	863,517
Furniture and Fixtures	99,321			96,404
Leasehold Improvement	28,549			—
	766,537			959,921
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(718,524		)	(935,465		)
	$	48,013		$	24,456

Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An asset’s value is impaired if management’s estimate of the aggregate future cash flows, undiscounted and without interest charges, to be generated by the asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. Such cash flows consider factors such as expected future operating income and historical trends, as well as the effects of demand and competition. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the fair value of the asset. Such estimates require the use of judgment and numerous subjective assumptions, which if actual experience varies, could result in material differences in the requirements for impairment charges.

Intangible Assets

The Company follows FASB issued authoritative guidance for recording goodwill and other intangible assets, which discontinues the amortization of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets that have indefinite lives. In accordance with FASB issued authoritative guidance, these goodwill and identifiable intangible assets that have indefinite lives are tested for impairment on an annual basis.

Accrued Warranties

The Company provides a limited one year warranty against manufacturer’s defects on its products sold to customers. The Company’s standard warranties require the Company to repair or replace, at the Company’s discretion, defective parts during such warranty period. The Company accrues for its product warranty liabilities based on estimates of costs to be incurred during the warranty period, based on historical repair information for warranty costs.

Business Combinations

The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. When acquisitions are deemed material by management, the Company engages independent third-party appraisal firms to assist in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Such a valuation requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards granted after July 1, 2006 is based on the grant date fair value estimate in accordance with the provisions of FASB issued authoritative guidance. As of June 30, 2015 and 2014 there was $39,613 and $106,979, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees under the plans. The remaining cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.87 years. For the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, $52,103 and $12,417 respectively, was recorded as compensation expense.

Valuations are based upon highly subjective assumptions about the future, including stock price volatility and exercise patterns. The fair value of share-based payment awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee terminations. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant.

The Company has historically granted options under the Company’s option plans with an option exercise price equal to the closing market value of the stock on the date of the grant and with vesting, primarily for Company employees, either in equal annual amounts over a two to five year period or immediately, and, primarily for non-employee directors, immediately.

The Company did not receive any cash from share option exercises under stock-based payment plans for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. The Company did not realize any tax effect, which would be a reduction in its tax rate, on options due to the full valuation allowances established on its deferred tax assets.

The Company measures compensation expense for non-employee stock-based awards based on the fair value of the options issued, as this measurement is used to measure the transaction, and is more reliable than the fair value of the services received. Fair value is measured as the value of the Company’s common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty’s performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to compensation expense and additional paid-in capital. For the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, non-employee compensation expense was $15,264 and $4,363, respectively.

Research and Development

All research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $64,000 and $131,000, respectively.

Net Income (loss) Per Share

Earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. All outstanding stock options and warrants are considered potential common stock. The dilutive effect, if any, of stock options and warrants is calculated using the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of the denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:



	2015	2014
Basic Weighted average shares outstanding	7,526,430	7,526,430
Effect of dilutive securities—Stock options and warrants	—	—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	7,526,430	7,526,430

For the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the impact of all dilutive securities was omitted from the diluted earnings per share calculation as they reduce the loss per share (anti-dilutive). As of June 30, 2013 there were 150,000 warrants issued to purchase shares of Escalon common stock outstanding. These warrants expired unexercised during the year ended June 30, 2014. All of the outstanding options and warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the exercise price of the options and warrants exceeded the average share price of the Company’s common stock making the options and warrants anti-dilutive.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.

The Company follows the FASB issued authoritative guidance for accounting for income taxes which provides a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure in financial statements of uncertain income tax positions that a company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. Under FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740-10, a company can recognize the benefit of an income tax position only if it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the tax position will be sustained upon tax examination, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Otherwise, no benefit can be recognized. The tax benefits recognized are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Additionally, companies are required to accrue interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax exposures for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws. The Company has elected to recognize interest expense and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of its provision for income taxes, if necessary.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through September 28, 2015 , which is the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which clarifies the presentation requirements of unrecognized tax benefits when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists at the reporting date. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013 and should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In July 2013, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-02 Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists to reduce diversity in practice by providing guidance on the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits. Under the new provision an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward with some exceptions. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2014 FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-08 Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360) Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. Under the new provision only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results will be reported as discontinued operations in the financial statements; a business or nonprofit activity that, on acquisition, meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale is reported in discontinued operations; and a disposal of an equity method investment that meets the definition of discontinued operation is reported in discontinued operations. A public business entity and a non-for-profit entity that has issued, or is a conduit bond obligor for, securities that are traded, listed, or quoted on an exchange or an over-the-counter market should apply the amendments prospectively to all disposals that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those years. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014 FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under the new provision, an entity should apply five steps for revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For a public entity, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014 FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-11 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period. The amendments require that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. For all entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Earlier adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014 FASB issued Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards.The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2014 FASB issued Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity. For hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering the economic characteristics and risks of the entire hybrid financial instrument, including the embedded derivative feature that is being evaluated for separate accounting from the host contract.The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2014 FASB issued Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Identifiable Intangible Assets in a Business Combination. An entity within the scope of this Update that elects the accounting alternative to recognize or otherwise consider the fair value of intangible assets as a result of any in-scope transactions should no longer recognize separately from goodwill.The amendments in this Update, at an entity’s election, apply to all entities except for public business entities and not-for-profit entities The decision to adopt the accounting alternative in this Update must be made upon the occurrence of the first transaction within the scope of this accounting alternative in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and the effective date of adoption depends on the timing of that first in-scope transaction. (1) customer-related intangible assets unless they are capable of being sold or licensed independently from the other assets of the business and (2) noncompetition agreements. The amendments in this Update are effective on November 18, 2014. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as it is not applicable to public companies.

In January 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-01 Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items simplifying Income Statement presentation by eliminating the concept of extraordinary items. The amendment will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 Consolidation Amendments to the consolidation analysis. The amendments affect those entities who are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities and affect the following areas: limited partnership and similar legal entities, evaluating fees paid to a decision maker or a service provider as a variable interest, the effect of fee arrangements on the primary beneficiary determination, the effect of related parties on the primary beneficiary determination, and certain investment funds. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. For all other entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-03 Interest-Imputation of Interest to simply the presentation of debt issuance costs. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal year. For all other entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15,2015, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-04 Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) to provide practical expedient for the measurement date of an employer’s defined benefit obligation and plan assets. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for financial statements issued for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal year. For all other entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Earlier adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-05 Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) to provide guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. For public business entities, the amendments will be effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-06 Earnings Per Share (Topic 260). The Amendments specify that for purposes of calculating historical earnings per unit under the two-class method, the earnings (losses) of a transferred business before the date of a dropdown transaction should be allocated entirely to the general partner. Qualitative disclosures about how the rights to the earnings (losses) differ before and after the dropdown transaction occurs for purposes of computing earnings per unit under the two-class method are required. The amendments are effective for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-07 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The amendments remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The amendments also remove the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The amendments apply to reporting entities that elect to measure the friar value of an investment within the scope of paragraph 820-10-15-4 through 15-5 using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient in paragraph 820-35-59. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standard Update 2015-08 Business Combinations (Topic 805) as amendments to various SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 115. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standard Update 2015-09 Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944). The amendments apply to all insurance entities that issue short-duration contracts as defined in Topic 944, Financial Service-Insurance. The amendments require insurance entities to provide additional disclosure for annual reporting periods about liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses. For public entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. For all other entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-10 Technical Correction and Update. The amendments affect wide variety of Topics in Codification in the following four categories: Amendments related to differences between original guidance and the codification, guidance clarification and reference corrections, simplification and minor improvements. The amendments in this Update that require transition guidance are effective for all entities for fiscal year, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted.