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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

NOTE 6—STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Plans:

We have adopted six stock option plans:

 

  (i) the 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan, which expires May 2021;

 

  (ii) the 2008 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in May 2008;

 

  (iii) the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in April 2005;

 

  (iv) the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, which expired in February 2010;

 

  (v) the 1997 Stock Option Plan, which expired in January 2007;

 

  (vi) the 1996 Directors Stock Option Plan, which expired in May 2006.

The 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan authorizes awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units for a total of 3,000,000 shares; the 2008 Plan authorizes awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units for a total of 3,500,000 shares; the 2005 Plan authorizes awards of stock options and stock appreciation rights for a total of 4,800,000 shares; the 2000 Plan authorizes stock option grants for a total of 7,000,000 shares; the 1997 Plan authorized stock option grants for a total of 6,000,000 shares; and the Directors Plan authorized stock option grants for a total of 2,340,000 shares.

In terms of the stock options authorized, the 2011 Plan, 2008 Plan, and the 2005 Plan provide for the grant of non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”) and incentive stock options intended to qualify under section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code (“ISOs”); the 2000 Plan provides for the grant of NSOs; the 1997 Plan provided for the grant of NSOs and ISOs; and the Directors Plan provided for the grant of NSOs.

 

The 2011, 2008 and 2005 Plans authorize awards to our officers, employees and consultants and, following the expiration of the Directors Plan in May 2006, to our directors; the 2000 Plan authorized awards to our employees and consultants but not to our officers and directors; the 1997 Plan authorized awards to our officers, directors, employees and consultants; and the Directors Plan authorized awards to our outside directors.

As of December 31, 2011, we reserved the following shares for issuance, consisting of both shares available for awards under the 2011 Plan, 2008 Plan, 2005 Plan, 2000 Plan, and 1997 Plan and shares issuable under outstanding stock option grants and restricted stock unit awards:

 

1996 Directors Plan options

     133,224   

1997 Plan options

     306,594   

2000 Plan options

     595,942   

2005 Plan options

     3,326,274   

2008 Plan options

     3,446,125   

2011 Plan options

     3,000,000   
  

 

 

 

Total shares reserved

     10,808,159   
  

 

 

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan:

In October 2000, our Board of Directors adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) effective as of July 1, 2001. Our stockholders approved the ESPP in May 2001. The ESPP authorizes 600,000 shares of our common stock to be purchased by employees at a 15% discount from the market price of the stock through payroll deductions during two six-month offerings each year. An employee who elects to participate in an offering is granted an option on the first day of the offering for a number of shares equal to the employee’s payroll deductions under the ESPP during the offering period (which may not exceed $5,000) divided by the option price per share. The option price per share is the lower of 85% of the closing price of a share of our common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or 85% of the closing price on the last trading day of the offering period. We recognize compensation expense for the ESPP, which is reflected in the statement of income. Every U.S. employee who has completed six months employment as of the first day of an offering and who is a full-time employee, or a part-time employee who customarily works at least 20 hours per week, is eligible to participate in the offering. During 2011, 2010, and 2009, 53,213 shares, 61,573 shares, and 56,145 shares respectively, were issued through the ESPP.

Stock Based Compensation Expense:

During 2011, there were no changes to our stock compensation plans or modifications to outstanding stock-based awards which would change the value of any awards outstanding. Compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-date fair value determined in accordance with the provisions of FASB accounting standards for share-based payments. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, we recognized compensation expense of $14.4 million, $14.4 million and $14.0 million, respectively, for stock options, and $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the ESPP, which is reflected in the statement of income. There were no significant capitalized stock-based compensation costs at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

 

The following table presents the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock option awards and the ESPP included in the consolidated statements of income:

 

In thousands

 
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009  

Cost of revenues—stock option plan

  $ 121      $ 224      $ 366   

Selling, general and administrative—stock option plan

    13,428        13,914        13,599   

Selling, general and administrative—restricted stock unit

    811        304        0   

Selling, general and administrative—ESPP

    1,007        856        673   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 15,367      $ 15,298      $ 14,638   

As of December 31, 2011, there were $24.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expenses related to non-vested option awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.49 years.

The following table sets forth the tax benefits related to stock compensation:

 

In thousands

 
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009  

Tax benefit recognized in income statement

  $ 6,091      $ 7,359      $ 5,329   

Excess tax benefit realized

    17,410        24,687        10,905   

Stock Options:

Options granted to directors vest in one year and options granted to officers and employees generally vest over five years. Expense related to the graded vesting options is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period.

The exercise price per share of an option granted under any of our stock option plans may not be less than the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. The maximum term of an option granted under any plan may not exceed 10 years. An option may be exercised only when it is vested and, in the case of an option granted to an employee (including an officer), only while he or she remains an employee and for a limited period following the termination of his or her employment. New shares are issued upon exercise of stock options. Option activity for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 is summarized as follows:

 

     2011      2010      2009  
     Number of
Options
    Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
     Number of
Options
    Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
     Number of
Options
    Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
 

Outstanding at beginning of year

     6,508,833      $ 41.86         7,387,753      $ 35.43         7,297,399      $ 30.97   

Granted

     1,050,226        85.28         1,388,846        54.13         1,368,476        47.39   

Exercised

     (963,218     32.41         (2,106,156     26.95         (1,107,063     19.61   

Forfeited

     (244,378     53.49         (156,269     47.07         (162,470     42.84   

Cancelled or expired

     (9,126     28.93         (5,341     55.50         (8,589     53.37   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

   

Outstanding at end of year

     6,342,337      $ 50.06         6,508,833      $ 41.86         7,387,753      $ 35.43   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Exercisable at end of year

     3,406,594      $ 40.31         3,099,479      $ 34.49         3,884,494      $ 28.58   

Available for future grant

     4,396,346           2,240,937           3,939,210     

 

The total exercise intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the sales price on that trading day in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the exercise price associated with the respective option).

 

In thousands

 
     Years Ended December 31,  
     2011      2010      2009  

Total exercise intrinsic value of options exercised

   $ 52,939       $ 78,500       $ 37,600   

The total aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last day of trading for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders assuming all option holders had exercised their options on December 31, 2011; this amount changes based on the fair market value of our stock.

The following tables set forth the information related to outstanding options for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 

In years

 
     2011     2010      2009  

Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options

     6.5        6.7         6.5   

 

In thousands

 
    2011      2010      2009  

Total aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options

  $ 184,300       $ 254,200       $ 146,400   

The following tables set forth the information related to exercisable options:

 

In years

 
     2011      2010      2009  

Weighted average remaining contractual life of exercisable options

     5.3         5.3         5.3   

 

In thousands

 
    2011     2010     2009  

Total aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable options

  $ 128,900      $ 143,900      $ 103,600   

Options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2011 by price range are presented below:

 

     Options Outstanding      Options Exercisable  

Range of Exercise Price

   Shares      Outstanding
Average
Remaining
Life in Years
     Weighted
Average
Exercise

Price
     Shares      Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

$13.685-$23.535

     635,002         2.48       $ 21.86         635,002       $ 21.86   

$23.585-$32.875

     715,255         4.02         29.38         699,255         29.36   

$33.500-$37.825

     63,513         4.83         35.38         61,573         35.31   

$38.100-$38.565

     658,722         5.10         38.56         490,249         38.56   

$38.905-$43.330

     80,086         5.35         42.75         71,016         42.82   

$43.340-$46.830

     860,266         7.08         46.79         331,964         46.76   

$46.870-$49.760

     139,811         7.29         48.72         93,911         48.93   

$49.900-$51.550

     1,003,191         8.07         51.52         247,739         51.51   

$51.750-$53.150

     663,837         6.16         53.13         385,687         53.13   

$53.480-$94.240

     1,522,654         8.67         77.17         390,198         65.15   
  

 

 

          

 

 

    
     6,342,337         6.47       $ 50.06         3,406,594       $ 40.31   
  

 

 

          

 

 

    

 

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used in determining the fair value of each option grant. The expected term of options granted is based on historical experience. Expected volatility is based upon historical volatility. The expected dividend yield is zero. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield rates for a comparable period. The assumptions that we used in the Black-Scholes model are as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2011     2010     2009  

Stock options granted

     1,050,226        1,388,846        1,368,476   

Weighted average grant date fair value

   $ 21.07      $ 13.74      $ 11.90   

Expected term (in years)

     5.75        5.75        5.50   

Expected volatility

     27.42     28.31     28.28

Expected dividend yield

     0.00     0.00     0.00

Risk free interest rate

     2.21     2.33     2.08

Restricted Stock Units:

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) activity for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 is summarized as follows below. RSUs vest at the end of three years. Our 2008 Plan includes a share reserve related to RSUs granted at a 2-1 ratio. We did not grant any RSUs in 2009.

 

     2011      2010  
     Number
of Units
    Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
     Number
of Units
     Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
     (in years)      (in years)  

Outstanding at beginning of year

     20,000              0         

Granted

     18,488              20,000         

Forfeited

     (3,750           0         
  

 

 

         

 

 

       

Outstanding at end of year

     34,738        1.63       $ 2,706,784         20,000         2.12       $ 1,618,400   
  

 

 

         

 

 

       

Exercisable at end of year

     0        0.00         0         0         0.00         0   

Vested and expected to vest in the future

     28,493        1.60       $ 2,220,173         20,000         2.12       $ 1,618,400   

The per share fair value of RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $85.00 and $51.65, respectively.