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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
At March 31, 2013 we had the following stock option and stock purchase plans:

the 2011 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in May 2011;
the 2008 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in May 2008;
the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in April 2005;
the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, which expired in February 2010;
the 1997 Stock Option Plan, which expired in January 2007;
the 1996 Directors Stock Option Plan, which expired in May 2006; and
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which our stockholders approved in May 2001.
The following table presents the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock option awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and the ESPP included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income:

In thousands
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Cost of revenues – stock option plan
$
40

 
$
38

Selling, general and administrative – stock option plan
3,530

 
3,480

Selling, general and administrative – RSUs
195

 
303

Selling, general and administrative – ESPP
282

 
264

Total pre-tax expense
$
4,047

 
$
4,085



As of March 31, 2013, there was $45.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense, related to non-vested option awards and RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.29 years.
The following table sets forth the tax benefits related to stock compensation:

In thousands
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Tax benefit recognized in Statement of Income
$
1,130

 
$
1,119

Excess tax benefit realized
4,203

 
5,061


The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used in determining the fair value of each option grant. The expected term of options granted is based on historical experience. Expected volatility is based upon historical volatility. The expected dividend yield is zero. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield rates for a comparable period. The assumptions that we used in the Black-Scholes model are as follows:

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Weighted average fair value at grant date
$
21.57

 
$
19.90

Expected term (in years)
6.00

 
6.00

Expected volatility
27.10
%
 
27.87
%
Expected dividend yield
%
 
%
Risk free interest rate
0.99
%
 
1.08
%


Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2013, was as follows:

 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
 
 
 
 
(in years)
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
5,543,664

 
$
61.69

 
 
 
 
Granted
977,090

 
95.89

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(296,974
)
 
48.98

 
 
 
 
Canceled or expired
(48,286
)
 
74.18

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2013
6,175,494

 
$
67.61

 
7.08
 
$
238,175,533

Exercisable at March 31, 2013
3,224,428

 
$
54.82

 
5.75
 
$
165,599,626

Vested and expected to vest in the future at March 31, 2013
5,200,557

 
$
64.28

 
6.75
 
$
217,924,044



The total exercise intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between the sales price on that trading day in the quarter ended March 31, and the exercise price associated with the respective option).

In thousands
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
  
2013
 
2012
Total exercise intrinsic value of options exercised
$
14,562

 
$
16,582


RSUs activity for the three months ended March 31, 2013 is summarized below. RSUs vest at the end of three or five years. Our 2008 and 2011 Plans include a share reserve related to RSUs granted at a 2-1 ratio.
 
 
Number of
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
 
 
(in years)
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
68,202

 
 
 
 
Granted
17,300

 
 
 
 
Released
(12,750
)
 
 
 
 
Forfeited
(500
)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2013
72,252

 
3.40
 
$
7,671,717

Exercisable at March 31, 2013

 
0.00
 
$