Note 19 - Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]	*19.* Employee Benefit Plans Employee Stock Ownership Plan. Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), the Company can make annual contributions to a trust in the form of either cash or common stock of the Bancorp for the benefit of eligible employees. Employees are eligible to participate in the ESOP after completing two years of service for salaried full-time employees or 1,000 hours for each of two consecutive years for salaried part-time employees. The amount of the annual contribution is discretionary except that it must be sufficient to enable the trust to meet its current obligations. The Company also pays for the administration of this plan and of the trust. The Company has not made contributions to the trust since 2004 and does not expect to make any contributions in the future. Effective June 17, 2004, the ESOP was amended to provide the participants the election either to reinvest the dividends on the Company stock allocated to their accounts or to have these dividends distributed to the participant. The ESOP trust purchased 16,555 shares in 2023, 18,808 shares in 2022, and 18,338 shares in 2021, of the Bancorp’s common stock at an aggregate cost of $613 thousand in 2023, $814 thousand in 2022, and $781 thousand in 2021. The distribution of benefits to participants totaled 33,554 shares in 2023, 29,363 shares in 2022, and 47,617 shares in 2021. As of December 31, 2023, the ESOP owned 676,594 shares, or 0.93%, of the Company’s outstanding common stock. 401(k) Plan. In 1997, the Board approved the Company’s 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, which began on March 1, 1997. Salaried employees who have completed one month of service and have attained the age of 21 are eligible to participate. Enrollment dates are on the first of each month. Participants may contribute up to 75% of their eligible compensation for the year but not to exceed the dollar limit set by the Internal Revenue Code. Participants may change their contribution election on the enrollment dates. Effective October 1, 2022, the vesting schedule for the matching contribution is 0% for less than three years of service and 100% after three years of service. Effective on June 1, 2018, the Company matches 100% on the first 5.0% of eligible compensation contributed per pay period by the participant, on the first day of the following month after 30 days of service. The Company’s contribution amounted to $4.5 million in 2023, $3.9 million in 2022, and $3.6 million in 2021. The Plan allows participants to withdraw all or part of their vested amount in the Plan due to certain financial hardship as set forth in the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations. Participants may also borrow up to 50% of the vested amount, with a maximum of $50 thousand. The minimum loan amount is $1 thousand. Bank-Owned Life Insurance. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance was $50.9 million and $49.9 million, respectively. The Bank is the beneficiary under the policy. In the event of the death of a covered officer, we will receive the specified insurance benefit from the insurance carrier and pay a fixed dollar amount to the beneficiary designated by the officer.

Note 19 - Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]

19. Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Stock Ownership Plan. Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), the Company can make annual contributions to a trust in the form of either cash or common stock of the Bancorp for the benefit of eligible employees. Employees are eligible to participate in the ESOP after completing two years of service for salaried full-time employees or 1,000 hours for each of two consecutive years for salaried part-time employees. The amount of the annual contribution is discretionary except that it must be sufficient to enable the trust to meet its current obligations. The Company also pays for the administration of this plan and of the trust. The Company has not made contributions to the trust since 2004 and does not expect to make any contributions in the future. Effective June 17, 2004, the ESOP was amended to provide the participants the election either to reinvest the dividends on the Company stock allocated to their accounts or to have these dividends distributed to the participant. The ESOP trust purchased 16,555 shares in 2023, 18,808 shares in 2022, and 18,338 shares in 2021, of the Bancorp’s common stock at an aggregate cost of $613 thousand in 2023, $814 thousand in 2022, and $781 thousand in 2021. The distribution of benefits to participants totaled 33,554 shares in 2023, 29,363 shares in 2022, and 47,617 shares in 2021. As of December 31, 2023, the ESOP owned 676,594 shares, or 0.93%, of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

401(k) Plan. In 1997, the Board approved the Company’s 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, which began on March 1, 1997. Salaried employees who have completed one month of service and have attained the age of 21 are eligible to participate. Enrollment dates are on the first of each month. Participants may contribute up to 75% of their eligible compensation for the year but not to exceed the dollar limit set by the Internal Revenue Code. Participants may change their contribution election on the enrollment dates. Effective October 1, 2022, the vesting schedule for the matching contribution is 0% for less than three years of service and 100% after three years of service. Effective on June 1, 2018, the Company matches 100% on the first 5.0% of eligible compensation contributed per pay period by the participant, on the first day of the following month after 30 days of service. The Company’s contribution amounted to $4.5 million in 2023, $3.9 million in 2022, and $3.6 million in 2021. The Plan allows participants to withdraw all or part of their vested amount in the Plan due to certain financial hardship as set forth in the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations. Participants may also borrow up to 50% of the vested amount, with a maximum of $50 thousand. The minimum loan amount is $1 thousand.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance was $50.9 million and $49.9 million, respectively. The Bank is the beneficiary under the policy. In the event of the death of a covered officer, we will receive the specified insurance benefit from the insurance carrier and pay a fixed dollar amount to the beneficiary designated by the officer.