Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business: Granite Construction Incorporated is one of the largest diversified heavy civil contractors and construction materials producers in the United States, engaged in the construction and improvement of streets, roads, highways, mass transit facilities, airport infrastructure, bridges, trenchless and underground utilities, power-related facilities, utilities, tunnels, dams and other infrastructure-related projects. We have permanent offices located in Alaska, Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Nevada, New York, Texas, Utah and Washington. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Granite” refer to Granite Construction Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Granite Construction Incorporated and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries. All material inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. We use the equity method of accounting for affiliated companies where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control. Additionally, we participate in various joint ventures, partnerships and a limited liability company of which we are a member (“joint ventures” or “ventures”). We have consolidated these ventures where we have determined that through our participation we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, and related standards. The factors we use to determine the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) include the decision authority of each partner, which partner manages the day-to-day operations of the project and the amount of our equity investment in relation to that of our partners.

Where we have determined we are not the primary beneficiary of a venture but do exercise significant influence, we account for our share of the operations of jointly controlled construction joint ventures on a pro rata basis in the consolidated statements of operations and as a single line item on the consolidated balance sheets, and we account for non-construction ventures under the equity method of accounting, as a single line item in both the consolidated statements of operations and on the consolidated balance sheets.

If we determine that the power to direct the significant activities is shared equally by two or more joint venture parties, then there is no primary beneficiary and no party consolidates the VIE.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements: The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates and related judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experiences; however, actual amounts could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition - Construction Contracts: Revenue and earnings on construction contracts, including construction joint ventures, are recognized under the percentage of completion method using the ratio of costs incurred to estimated total costs. Revenue in an amount equal to cost incurred is recognized until there is sufficient information to determine the estimated profit on the project with a reasonable level of certainty. The factors considered in this evaluation include the stage of design completion, the stage of construction completion, the status of outstanding subcontracts or buyouts, certainty of quantities of labor and materials, certainty of schedule and the relationship with the owner.

Revenue from unapproved change orders is recognized to the extent the related costs have been incurred, the amount can be reliably estimated and recovery is probable.

Unresolved contract modifications and claims (“affirmative claims“) to recover additional costs to which the Company believes it is entitled under the terms of the customers’ contracts are pending or have been submitted on certain projects. The owners or their authorized representatives and/or other third parties may be in partial or full agreement with the modifications or claims, or may have rejected or disagree entirely or partially as to such entitlement.

Effective January 1, 2015, we changed our accounting policy for recognizing revenue associated with affirmative claims with customers and back charges to vendors, designers, and subcontractors. Claim revenue is recognized to the extent of costs incurred when it is probable that a claim settlement with a customer will result in additional revenue and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Back charges are recognized as a reduction to cost when the estimated recovery is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Prior to these changes in accounting policy, we recognized revenue from affirmative claims with customers and non-customers when the claims were settled, generally when a legally binding agreement was signed. We believe these changes in accounting policy are preferable as they more accurately reflect the timing and amount of revenue earned on our projects, as well as providing better comparability to our industry peers.

Except for contractual back charges, claims against non-customers continue to be recognized when the claims are settled.

Customer claim settlements resulting in increases to revenue during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $3.8 million and $26.6 million, respectively. Back charge claim settlements resulting in an increase to gross profit during the year ended December 31, 2014 were $7.9 million. There were no material back charge claim settlements during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Recognizing claim and back charge recoveries requires significant judgments and estimates. During the first quarter of 2015, we implemented new and refined internal controls and processes to enable the reasonable estimation of claims.

Given that these internal controls and processes were not fully implemented until the first quarter of 2015, and we do not believe that it is possible to objectively distinguish information about claims estimates in prior periods from information that subsequently became available, it is impractical to independently and objectively substantiate judgments and estimates that would have been made with respect to claims in prior periods. Therefore, it is not possible to reasonably determine the estimated amounts of and prior reporting periods in which past claims would have met the criteria for recognition under our new accounting policy. Accordingly, we have adopted this accounting policy change prospectively beginning on January 1, 2015.

The effect of adopting the new accounting policy for customer affirmative claims was an increase in revenue of $48.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The effect of adopting the new accounting policy for back charge claims was an increase in gross profit of $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Provisions are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the full amount of estimated losses on uncompleted contracts whenever evidence indicates that the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue. All contract costs, including those associated with affirmative claims and change orders, are recorded as incurred and revisions to estimated total costs are reflected as soon as the obligation to perform is determined. Contract costs consist of direct costs on contracts, including labor and materials, amounts payable to subcontractors, direct overhead costs and equipment expense (primarily depreciation, fuel, maintenance and repairs). All state and federal government contracts and many of our other contracts provide for termination of the contract at the convenience of the party contracting with us, with provisions to pay us for work performed through the date of termination. Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred.

The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our estimates of the cost to complete each project. Cost estimates for all of our significant projects use a detailed “bottom up” approach, and we believe our experience allows us to create materially reliable estimates. There are a number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability. The most significant of these include:


•	the completeness and accuracy of the original bid;


•	costs associated with scope changes;


•	costs of labor and/or materials;


•	extended overhead and other costs due to owner, weather and other delays;


•	subcontractor performance issues;


•	changes in productivity expectations;


•	site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid (to the extent contract remedies are unavailable);


•	changes from original design on design-build projects;


•	the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project;


•	a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials;


•	our ability to fully and promptly recover on claims and back charges for additional contract costs; and


•	the customer’s ability to properly administer the contract.

The foregoing factors, as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit between periods. Significant changes in cost estimates, particularly in our larger, more complex projects have had, and can in future periods have, a significant effect on our profitability.

Revenue Recognition - Materials: Revenue from the sale of materials is recognized when delivery occurs and risk of ownership passes to the customer.

Balance Sheet Classifications: Prepaid expenses and amounts receivable and payable under construction contracts (principally retentions) that may exist over the duration of the contract and could extend beyond one year are included in current assets and liabilities. Additionally, the cost of property purchased for development and sale is included in current assets. A one-year time period is used as the basis for classifying all other current assets and liabilities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents are securities having maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, was $46.2 million and $61.3 million, respectively, related to our consolidated joint ventures. Our access to joint venture cash may be limited by the provisions of the venture agreements.

Costs and Estimated Earnings in Excess of Billings: Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represent unbilled amounts earned and reimbursable under contracts. These amounts become billable according to the contract terms, which usually consider the passage of time, achievement of milestones or completion of the project. Generally, such unbilled amounts will be billed and collected over the next twelve months. Based on our historical experience, we generally consider the collection risk related to these amounts to be low. When events or conditions indicate that the amounts outstanding may become uncollectible, an allowance is estimated and recorded.

Marketable Securities: We determine the classification of our marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluate these determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when we have the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity investments are stated at amortized cost and are periodically assessed for other-than-temporary impairment. Amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, and is included in interest income. The cost of securities sold or called is based on the specific identification method.

Financial Instruments: The carrying value of marketable securities approximates their fair value as determined by market quotes. Rates currently available to us for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value of existing debt. The carrying value of receivables and other amounts arising out of normal contract activities, including retentions, which may be settled beyond one year, is estimated to approximate fair value.

Derivative Instruments: All derivative instruments are reported on the balance sheet at fair value. To receive hedge accounting treatment, derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions. The effective portion of the gain or loss on cash flow hedges is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified to income when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Adjustments to fair value on derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are reported through income. As of December 31, 2015, we had an interest rate swap designed to convert the interest rate on our senior notes payable from a fixed rate to a variable rate, which does not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. We do not enter into derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

As further discussed in Note 4, in January 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap designed to convert the interest rate on borrowings under the Credit Agreement (defined in Note 12) from a variable to a fixed rate, which will be designated as a cash flow hedge.

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities: We measure and disclose certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

We utilize the active market approach to measure fair value for our financial assets and liabilities. We report separately each class of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and include assets and liabilities that are disclosed but not recorded at fair value in the fair value hierarchy.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Risks: Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents and our marketable securities with several financial institutions. We invest with high credit quality financial institutions and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution.

Our receivables are from customers concentrated in the United States, and we have no material receivables from foreign operations as of December 31, 2015. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and generally do not require collateral, although the law provides us the ability to file mechanics’ liens on real property improved for private customers in the event of non-payment by such customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts which has historically been within management’s estimates.

Inventories: Inventories consist primarily of quarry products valued at the lower of average cost or market. We write down the inventories based on estimated quantities of materials on hand in excess of approximately one year. At December 31, 2015, inventory also included materials specifically related to a project in our Kenny Large Project Construction operating group and was valued at cost.

Real Estate Held for Development and Sale: Each real estate development project accounted for under the equity method of accounting is reviewed in accordance with ASC Topic 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. These projects are evaluated for impairment using the other-than-temporary impairment model, which requires an impairment charge to be recognized if our investment’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, and the decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary.

Events or changes in circumstances, which would cause us to review undiscounted future cash flows include, but are not limited to:


•	significant decreases in the market price of the asset;


•	significant adverse changes in legal factors or the business climate;


•	significant changes to the development or business plans of a project;


•	accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition, development or construction of the asset; and


•	current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses, or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset.

Future undiscounted cash flows and fair value assessments are estimated based on entitlement status, market conditions, cost of construction, debt load, development schedules, status of joint venture partners and other factors applicable to the specific project. Fair value is estimated based on the expected future cash flows attributable to the asset or group of assets and on other assumptions that market participants would use in determining fair value, such as market discount rates, transaction prices for other comparable assets, and other market data. Our estimates of cash flows may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, fluctuations in interest rates, decisions made by jurisdictional agencies, economic conditions, or changes to our business operations.

Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation for construction and other equipment is primarily provided using accelerated methods over lives ranging from three to seven years, and the straight-line method over lives from three to twenty years for the remaining depreciable assets. We believe that accelerated methods best approximate the service provided by the construction and other equipment. Depletion of quarry property is based on the usage of depletable reserves. We frequently sell property and equipment that has reached the end of its useful life or no longer meets our needs, including depleted quarry property. At the time that an asset or an asset group meets the held-for-sale criteria as defined by ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, we write it down to fair value, if the fair value is below the carrying value. Fair value is estimated by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, market comparative data, historical sales prices, broker quotes and third party valuations. If material, such property is separately disclosed, otherwise it is held in property and equipment until sold. The cost and accumulated depreciation or depletion of property sold or retired is removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gains or losses, if any, are reflected in operating income (loss) for the period. In the case that we abandon an asset, an amount equal to the carrying amount of the asset, less salvage value, if any, will be recognized as expense in the period that the asset was abandoned. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred.

Costs related to the development of internal-use software during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. These costs consist primarily of software, hardware and consulting fees, as well as salaries and related costs. Amounts capitalized are reported as a component of office furniture and equipment within property and equipment. Capitalized software costs are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related software, which range from three to five years. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we capitalized $2.3 million, $4.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of internal-use software development and related hardware costs.

Long-lived Assets: We review property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the net book value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their net book values to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If the assets are considered to be impaired, an impairment charge will be recognized equal to the amount by which the net book value of the asset exceeds its fair value. We group plant equipment assets at a regional level, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. When an individual asset or group of assets are determined to no longer contribute to the vertically integrated asset group, it is assessed for impairment independently.

Amortizable intangible assets include covenants not to compete, acquired backlog, permits, trade names and customer lists which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over terms from one to thirty years.

Capitalized Interest: Interest, to the extent it is incurred in connection with the construction of certain self-constructed assets and real estate development projects, is capitalized and recorded as part of the asset to which it relates. Capitalized interest on self-constructed assets is amortized over their estimated useful lives and is expensed on real estate projects as they are sold.

Goodwill: As of December 31, 2015, we had five reporting units in which goodwill was recorded as follows:


•	Kenny Group Construction


•	Kenny Group Large Project Construction


•	Northwest Group Construction


•	Northwest Group Construction Materials


•	California Construction

The most significant goodwill balances reside in the reporting units associated with the Kenny Group.

We perform impairment tests annually as of November 1 and more frequently when events and circumstances occur that indicate a possible impairment of goodwill. In addition, we evaluate goodwill for impairment if events or circumstances change between annual tests indicating a possible impairment. Examples of such events or circumstances include the following:


•	a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate;


•	an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;


•	a more likely than not expectation that a segment or a significant portion thereof will be sold; or


•	the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within the segment.

In performing step one of the goodwill impairment tests, we calculate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit in which the goodwill is recorded using the discounted cash flows and market multiple methods. Judgments inherent in these methods include the determination of appropriate discount rates, the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and growth rates, and appropriate benchmark companies. The cash flows used in our 2015 discounted cash flow model were based on five-year financial forecasts, which in turn were based on the 2016-2018 operating plan developed internally by management adjusted for market participant based assumptions. Our discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of equity cost of capital and appropriate capital structure for our reporting units. In assessing the reasonableness of our determined fair values of our reporting units, we evaluate our results against our current market capitalization.

After calculating the estimated fair value, we compare the resulting fair value to the net book value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we measure and record the amount of the impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill.

The results of our annual goodwill impairment tests, performed in accordance with ASC 350, indicated that the estimated fair values of our reporting units exceeded their net book values (i.e., cushion) by at least 50% for the reporting units with goodwill. Out of the five reporting units with goodwill, the Kenny Large Project Construction business is most susceptible to fluctuations in results depending on awarded work given the large size and limited frequency of awards. While we believe the current cushion for the reporting unit is adequate to absorb these fluctuations, a material decline in job win rates could have a material impact to this reporting unit’s estimated fair value.

Billings in Excess of Costs and Estimated Earnings: Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings is comprised of cash collected from customers and billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, including advance payments negotiated as a contract condition. Generally, unearned project-related costs will be earned over the next twelve months.

Asset Retirement and Reclamation Obligations: We account for the costs related to legal obligations to reclaim aggregate mining sites and other facilities by recording our estimated reclamation liability when incurred, capitalizing the estimated liability as part of the related asset’s carrying amount and allocating it to expense over the asset’s useful life.

Warranties: Many of our construction contracts contain warranty provisions covering defects in equipment, materials, design or workmanship that generally run from six months to one year after our customer accepts the contract. Because of the nature of our projects, including contract owner inspections of the work both during construction and prior to acceptance, we have not experienced material warranty costs for these short-term warranties and, therefore, do not believe an accrual for these costs is necessary. Certain construction contracts carry longer warranty periods, ranging from two to ten years, for which we have accrued an estimate of warranty cost. The warranty cost is estimated based on our experience with the type of work and any known risks relative to the project and was not material during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Accrued Insurance Costs: We carry insurance policies to cover various risks, primarily general liability, automobile liability and workers compensation, under which we are liable to reimburse the insurance company for a portion of each claim paid. The amounts for which we are liable for general liability and workers compensation generally range from the first $0.5 million to $1.0 million per occurrence. We accrue for the estimated ultimate liability for incurred losses, both reported and unreported, using actuarial methods based on historic trends modified, if necessary, by recent events. Changes in our loss assumptions caused by changes in actual experience would affect our assessment of the ultimate liability and could have an effect on our operating results and financial position up to $1.0 million per occurrence.

Performance Guarantees: Agreements with our joint venture partners and limited liability company members (“partner(s)”) for both construction joint ventures and line item joint ventures define each partner’s management role and financial responsibility in the project. The amount of operational exposure is generally limited to our stated ownership interest. However, due to the joint and several nature of the performance obligations under the related owner contracts, if one of the partners fails to perform, we and the remaining partners would be responsible for performance of the outstanding work (i.e., performance guarantee). We estimate our liability for performance guarantees using estimated partner bond rates and include them in accrued expenses and other current liabilities (see Note 10) with a corresponding asset in equity in construction joint ventures on the consolidated balance sheets. We reassess our liability when and if changes in circumstances occur. The liability and corresponding asset are removed from the consolidated balance sheets upon customer acceptance of the project.

Circumstances that could lead to a loss under these agreements beyond our stated ownership interest include the failure of a partner to contribute additional funds to the venture in the event the project incurs a loss or additional costs that we could incur should a partner fail to provide the services and resources that it had committed to provide in the agreement.

Contingencies: We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Loss contingency provisions are recorded if the potential loss from any claim, asserted or unasserted, or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a potential loss is considered probable but only a range of loss can be determined, the low-end of the range is recorded. These accruals represent management’s best estimate of probable loss. Disclosure also is provided when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the amount recorded. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based only on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to claims and litigation and may revise our estimates.

Stock-Based Compensation: We measure and recognize compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite vesting periods for all stock-based payment awards made. Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations.

Restructuring and Impairment (Gains) Charges: Pursuant to an approved plan, we record severance costs when an employee has been notified, unless the employee provides future service, in which case severance costs are expensed ratably over the future service period. Other restructuring costs are recognized when the liability is incurred. Costs associated with terminating a lease contract are recorded at the contract termination date, in accordance with contract terms, or on the cease-use date, net of estimated sublease income, if applicable. In determining the amount related to termination of a lease, various assumptions are used including the time period over which facilities will be vacant, expected sublease term and sublease rates. These assumptions may be adjusted upon the occurrence of future events. Asset impairment analyses resulting from restructuring events are performed in accordance with ASC subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment. See the Property and Equipment and Long-lived Assets accounting policies above for further information on asset impairment charges. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded net restructuring and impairment gains of $6.0 million, including amounts attributable to non-controlling interests of $3.3 million, and $2.6 million, respectively, and during the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded net restructuring and impairment charges of $52.1 million (see Note 11).

During 2013, we concluded the majority of our 2010 Enterprise Improvement Plan (“EIP”) which included the impairment and planned orderly divestiture of our real estate investment business consistent with our strategy to focus on our core business. Consequently, during 2013 we recorded impairment charges on certain real estate assets in accordance with our EIP. When real estate assets which we continue to have a financial interest are sold, we may recognize additional restructuring charges or gains; however, we do not expect these charges or gains to be material to our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes: Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the consolidated financial statements and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

We report a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in other expense (income) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Computation of Earnings Per Share: Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares include stock options and restricted stock units, under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation, as follows:

•

During the fourth quarter of 2015, we updated our methodology for classifying incentive compensation expenses to align them with the associated salaries and related benefits. As a result, certain prior period incentive compensation costs have been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses to cost of revenue based on the associated salaries and related benefits. The reclassifications for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were $9.3 million and $8.9 million, respectively.


•	For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we reclassified $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of sales personnel salaries and related expenses to selling, general and administrative expenses that were previously recorded to cost of revenue to correct their classification.

These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported operating income (loss) or net income (loss), or on the consolidated balance sheets or statements of cash flows.

In addition, current deferred tax assets and long-term deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2014 were reclassified to noncurrent deferred tax assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets as a result of early and retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. See Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below for further details.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. This ASU’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred the effective date by one year to December 15, 2017 for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after that date. Therefore, the ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2018. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which provides guidance for consolidation of certain legal entities. The guidance changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The amendments modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities or voting interest entities. The ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2016. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs and in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements. ASU No. 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. ASU 2015-15 clarifies that the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs related to a line-of-credit arrangement as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. These ASUs will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2016. We do not expect the adoption of these ASUs to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, which provides guidance on accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. A cloud computing arrangement that contains a software license will be accounted for consistently with the acquisition of other software licenses. If no software license is present in the contract, the entity should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2016. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. Topic 330, Inventory, requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. The amendments to ASU No. 2015-11 require an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which amends the current requirements for an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in the consolidated balance sheets. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, the ASU requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheets. We elected to early adopt the ASU retrospectively in 2015, which resulted in reclassifications of $53.2 million and $20.4 million from current deferred tax assets and long-term deferred tax liabilities, respectively, to noncurrent deferred tax assets, net as of December 31, 2014.