10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-10485

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	75-2303920
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

5101 TENNYSON PARKWAY	PLANO	Texas	75024
(Address of principal executive offices)	(City)	(State)	(Zip code)

(972) 713-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUE	TYL	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes   ☒  No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes   ☒     No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.			☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes   ☐     No   ☒

The number of shares of common stock of registrant outstanding on July 25, 2023 was 42,078,410.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Subscriptions	$	297,789	$	255,816	$	578,254	$	501,259
Maintenance	116,539		116,815		231,670		233,844
Professional services	66,420		71,937		127,349		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	9,779		15,009		19,909		31,515
Hardware and other	13,752		9,108		18,951		16,222
Total revenues	504,279		468,685		976,133		924,792
Cost of revenues:
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services	255,789		250,168		508,204		493,000
Software licenses and royalties	2,432		1,547		4,745		2,992
Amortization of software development	2,896		1,322		5,485		2,486
Amortization of acquired software	8,924		14,039		17,844		27,260
Hardware and other	11,061		8,161		16,841		13,188
Total cost of revenues	281,102		275,237		553,119		538,926
Gross profit	223,177		193,448		423,014		385,866
Sales and marketing expense	37,103		31,881		74,206		67,087
General and administrative expense	77,681		67,820		150,041		130,509
Research and development expense	28,153		23,386		55,139		47,327
Amortization of other intangibles	18,366		13,604		36,774		28,318
Operating income	61,874		56,757		106,854		112,625
Interest expense	(6,387)		(6,214)		(14,071)		(11,018)
Other income, net	643		216		1,889		581
Income before income taxes	56,130		50,759		94,672		102,188
Income tax provision	7,000		10,813		14,667		22,258
Net income	$	49,130	$	39,946	$	80,005	$	79,930
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.17	$	0.96	$	1.91	$	1.93
Diluted	$	1.15	$	0.94	$	1.87	$	1.88

See accompanying notes.

2

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	49,130	$	39,946	$	80,005	$	79,930
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Securities available-for-sale and transferred securities:
Change in net unrealized holding (loss) gain on available for sale securities during the period	(36)		(114)		58		(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized losses on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—		(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available for sale securities, included in net income	1		48		1		7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(35)		(66)		59		(763)
Comprehensive income	$	49,095	$	39,880	$	80,064	$	79,167

See accompanying notes.

3

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)

	June 30, 2023 (unaudited)		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,764	$	173,857
Accounts receivable (less allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $19,643 in 2023 and $14,761 in 2022)	638,726		577,257
Short-term investments	19,100		37,030
Prepaid expenses	70,783		50,859
Other current assets	9,507		8,239
Total current assets	856,880		847,242
Accounts receivable, long-term	8,310		8,271
Operating lease right-of-use assets	46,824		50,989
Property and equipment, net	165,721		172,786
Other assets:
Software development costs, net	61,228		48,189
Goodwill	2,489,084		2,489,308
Other intangibles, net	948,990		1,002,164
Non-current investments	10,116		18,508
Other non-current assets	48,396		49,960
	$	4,635,549	$	4,687,417
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	118,534	$	104,813
Accrued liabilities	126,557		131,941
Operating lease liabilities	11,381		10,736
Current income tax payable	1,905		43,667
Deferred revenue	565,840		568,538
Current portion of term loans	30,000		30,000
Total current liabilities	854,217		889,695
Term loans, net	243,729		362,905
Convertible senior notes due 2026, net	595,345		594,484
Deferred revenue, long-term	1,164		2,037
Deferred income taxes	109,247		148,891
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	44,483		48,049
Other long-term liabilities	19,113		16,967
Total liabilities	1,867,298		2,063,028
Commitments and contingencies	—		—
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $10.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	481		481
Additional paid-in capital	1,272,315		1,209,725
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(785)		(844)
Retained earnings	1,517,859		1,437,854
Treasury stock, at cost; 6,081,263 and 6,364,991 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively	(21,619)		(22,827)
Total shareholders' equity	2,768,251		2,624,389
	$	4,635,549	$	4,687,417

See accompanying notes.

4

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	80,005	$	79,930
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	75,748		75,866
Losses (gains) from sale of investments	2		(53)
Share-based compensation expense	53,924		51,079
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	6,569		5,104
Deferred income tax benefit	(39,665)		(19,136)
Other	445		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effects of acquired companies:
Accounts receivable	(51,508)		(73,396)
Income tax payable	(41,762)		15,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(20,122)		(6,033)
Accounts payable	13,721		9,130
Operating lease liabilities	(5,324)		(6,522)
Accrued liabilities	(15,083)		(24,723)
Deferred revenue	(3,571)		17,474
Other long-term liabilities	2,146		5,914
Net cash provided by operating activities	55,525		130,220
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment	(6,370)		(12,757)
Purchase of marketable security investments	(10,617)		(4,592)
Proceeds and maturities from marketable security investments	37,107		40,595
Investment in software development	(18,753)		(16,463)
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(1,875)		(117,313)
Other	16		152
Net cash used by investing activities	(492)		(110,378)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment on term loans	(120,000)		(80,000)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of withheld shares for taxes upon equity award settlement	2,123		(4,107)
Contributions from employee stock purchase plan	7,751		8,156
Net cash used by financing activities	(110,126)		(75,951)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(55,093)		(56,109)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	173,857		309,171
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	118,764	$	253,062

See accompanying notes.

5

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	12,286	$	5,716
Cash paid for income taxes, net	92,933		24,286
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Non-cash additions to property and equipment	$	368	$	84

6

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2023	48,148	$	481	$	1,239,945	$	(750)	$	1,468,729	(6,244)	$	(22,272)	$	2,686,133
Net income	—	—		—		—		49,130		—	—		49,130
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		(35)		—		—	—		(35)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		1,692		—		—		173	11,042		12,734
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	—	—		—		—		—		(26)	(10,452)		(10,452)
Stock compensation	—	—		26,028		—		—		—	—		26,028
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		4,650		—		—		16	63		4,713
Balance at June 30, 2023	48,148	$	481	$	1,272,315	$	(785)	$	1,517,859	(6,081)	$	(21,619)	$	2,768,251

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2022	48,148	$	481	$	1,098,933	$	(743)	$	1,313,598	(6,697)	$	(24,535)	$	2,387,734
Net income	—	—		—		—		39,946		—	—		39,946
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		(66)		—		—	—		(66)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		(288)		—		—		122	8,466		8,178
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	—	—		—		—		—		(21)	(7,743)		(7,743)
Stock compensation	—	—		25,800		—		—		—	—		25,800
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		4,376		—		—		12	102		4,478
Balance at June 30, 2022	48,148	$	481	$	1,128,821	$	(809)	$	1,353,544	(6,584)	$	(23,710)	$	2,458,327

7

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	48,148	$	481	$	1,209,725	$	(844)	$	1,437,854	(6,365)	$	(22,827)	$	2,624,389
Net income	—	—		—		—		80,005		—	—		80,005
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax	—	—		—		59		—		—	—		59
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		1,023		—		—		309	19,844		20,867
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares for taxes upon equity award settlement	—	—		—		—		—		(52)	(18,744)		(18,744)
Stock compensation	—	—		53,924		—		—		—	—		53,924
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		7,643		—		—		27	108		7,751
Balance at June 30, 2023	48,148	$	481	$	1,272,315	$	(785)	$	1,517,859	(6,081)	$	(21,619)	$	2,768,251

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	48,148	$	481	$	1,075,650	$	(46)	$	1,273,614	(6,833)	$	(25,667)	$	2,324,032
Net income	—	—		—		—		79,930		—	—		79,930
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		(763)		—		—	—		(763)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		(5,897)		—		—		279	22,120		16,223
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares for taxes upon equity award settlement	—	—		—		—		—		(50)	(20,330)		(20,330)
Stock compensation	—	—		51,079		—		—		—	—		51,079
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		7,989		—		—		20	167		8,156
Balance at June 30, 2022	48,148	$	481	$	1,128,821	$	(809)	$	1,353,544	(6,584)	$	(23,710)	$	2,458,327

8

Tyler Technologies, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(Tables in thousands, except per share data)

(1)    Basis of Presentation

We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements following the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted for interim periods. Balance sheet amounts are as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and operating result amounts are for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary for the fair summarized presentation of our financial position and operating results. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read the financial statements and notes included in our latest Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be the same as those for the full year. Certain amounts for the previous year have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. As of January 1, 2023, we have elected to no longer report the appraisal services revenue and related costs as separate categories in the statement of income due to less significance on our overall operating results. Therefore, we have combined the appraisal services revenue category with the professional services revenue category; and the related cost of revenue category for appraisal services is now combined with the cost of revenue category related to subscriptions, maintenance and professional services on the condensed consolidated statements of income for all reporting periods presented.

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all components of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we had approximately $35,000 of other comprehensive loss and $59,000 of other comprehensive income, net of taxes, from our available-for-sale investment holdings and $66,000 and $763,000 of other comprehensive loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(2)    Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2023, that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. See Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Nature of Products and Services

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We earn the majority of our revenues from subscription-based services and post-contract customer support (“PCS” or “maintenance”). Other sources of revenue are professional services, software licenses and royalties, and hardware and other. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

9

Subscriptions revenue consists of revenue derived from our software as a service ("SaaS") arrangements and transaction-based fees primarily related to digital government services and payment processing. We also provide electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”) that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements. For transaction-based fees, we have the right to charge the customer an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of our performance to date. Therefore, we recognize revenue for these services over time based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the 'as invoiced' practical expedient in ASC 606-10-55-18. In some cases, we are paid on a fixed fee basis and recognize the revenue ratably over the contractual period. Typically, the structure of our arrangements does not give rise to variable consideration. However, in those instances whereby variable consideration exists, we include in our estimates, additional revenue for variable consideration when we believe we have an enforceable right, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable.

Other software arrangements with customers contain multiple performance obligations that range from software licenses, installation, training, and consulting to software modification and customization to meet specific customer needs (services), hosting, and PCS. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately when they are distinct. We evaluate whether separate performance obligations can be distinct or should be accounted for as one performance obligation. Arrangements that include professional services, such as training or installation, are evaluated to determine whether those services are highly interdependent or interrelated to the product’s functionality. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. For arrangements that involve significant production, modification, or customization of the software, or where professional services otherwise cannot be considered distinct, we recognize revenue as control is transferred to the customer over time using progress-to-completion methods. Depending on the contract, we measure progress-to-completion primarily using labor hours incurred, or value added. Amounts recognized in revenue are calculated using the progress-to-completion measurement after giving effect to any changes in our cost estimates. Changes to total estimated contract costs, if any, are recorded in the period they are determined. Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which we first determine that a loss is apparent.

Revenue is recognized net of allowances for sales adjustments and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Refer to Note 4, “Disaggregation of Revenue,” for further information, including the economic factors that affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows of our various revenue categories.

Contract Balances:

Accounts receivable and allowance for losses and sales adjustments

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record an unbilled receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or deferred revenue when invoicing occurs prior to revenue recognition. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. We record an unbilled receivable related to revenue recognized for on-premises licenses as we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future related to those licenses.

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, total current and long-term accounts receivable, net of allowance for losses and sales adjustments, was $647.0 million and $585.5 million, respectively. We have recorded unbilled receivables of $127.1 million and $135.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Included in unbilled receivables are retention receivables of $9.2 million and $8.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which become payable upon the completion of the contract or completion of our fieldwork and formal hearings. Unbilled receivables expected to be collected within one year have been included with accounts receivable, current portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled receivables and retention receivables expected to be collected past one year have been included with accounts receivable, long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We maintain allowances for losses and sales adjustments, which are recorded against revenue at the time the loss is incurred. Since most of our clients are domestic governmental entities, we rarely incur a credit loss resulting from the inability of a client to make required payments. Events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount for the allowances for losses and sales adjustments may require revision, include, but are not limited to, managing our client’s expectations regarding the scope of the services to be delivered and defects or errors in new versions or enhancements of our software products. Our allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $19.6 million and $14.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, does not include provisions for credit losses. Because we rarely experience credit losses with our clients, we have not recorded a material reserve for credit losses.

10

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There were no new not yet adopted accounting pronouncements currently issued that would affect the Company or have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations in future periods.

(3)    Segment and Related Information

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector.

We provide our software systems and related professional services through six business units, which focus on the following products:

•financial management, education and planning, regulatory, and maintenance software solutions;

•financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory, and maintenance software solutions;

•courts and justice and public safety software solutions;

•property and recording solutions;

•platform solutions including case management and business process management; and

•digital solutions including payments and government services.

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, we report our results in two reportable segments. The Enterprise Software ("ES") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management and education; planning, regulatory and maintenance; courts and justice; public safety; and property and recording solutions. The Platform Technologies ("PT") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software solutions to perform transaction processing, streamline data processing, and improve operations and workflows such as platform solutions and digital solutions.

We evaluate performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. We define segment operating income for our business units as income before non-cash amortization of intangible assets associated with their acquisitions, interest expense, and income taxes. Segment operating income includes intercompany transactions. The majority of intercompany transactions relate to contracts involving more than one unit and are valued based on the contractual arrangement. Corporate segment operating loss primarily consists of compensation costs for the executive management team, certain shared services staff, and share-based compensation expense for the entire company. Corporate segment operating loss also includes revenues and expenses related to a company-wide user conference.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	115,877	$	15,579	$	—	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	38,677		127,656		—		166,333
Maintenance	109,953		6,586		—		116,539
Professional services	55,256		11,164		—		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	9,479		300		—		9,779
Hardware and other	6,381		—		7,371		13,752
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279
Segment operating income (loss)	$	111,185	$	38,797	$	(60,818)	$	89,164

11

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	97,703	$	11,802	$	—	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	30,991		115,320		—		146,311
Maintenance	110,760		6,055		—		116,815
Professional services	50,653		21,284		—		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	14,623		386		—		15,009
Hardware and other	5,498		—		3,610		9,108
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685
Segment operating income (loss)	$	102,090	$	36,301	$	(53,991)	$	84,400

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	226,919	$	31,132	$	—	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	76,049		244,154		—		320,203
Maintenance	220,035		11,635		—		231,670
Professional services	106,755		20,594		—		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	17,547		2,362		—		19,909
Hardware and other	11,580		—		7,371		18,951
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133
Segment operating income (loss)	$	211,165	$	68,335	$	(118,028)	$	161,472

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	188,474	$	22,813	$	—	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	60,536		229,436		—		289,972
Maintenance	221,455		12,389		—		233,844
Professional services	101,820		40,132		—		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	30,728		787		—		31,515
Hardware and other	12,612		—		3,610		16,222
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792
Segment operating income (loss)	$	208,619	$	67,034	$	(107,450)	$	168,203

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated totals:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total segment operating income	$	89,164	$	84,400	$	161,472	$	168,203
Amortization of acquired software	(8,924)		(14,039)		(17,844)		(27,260)
Amortization of other intangibles	(18,366)		(13,604)		(36,774)		(28,318)
Interest expense	(6,387)		(6,214)		(14,071)		(11,018)
Other income, net	643		216		1,889		581
Income before income taxes	$	56,130	$	50,759	$	94,672	$	102,188

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(4)    Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	131,456	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	—		166,333		166,333
Maintenance	—		116,539		116,539
Professional services	—		66,420		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	8,793		986		9,779
Hardware and other	13,752		—		13,752
Total	$	22,545	$	481,734	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	109,505	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	—		146,311		146,311
Maintenance	—		116,815		116,815
Professional services	—		71,937		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	12,683		2,326		15,009
Hardware and other	9,108		—		9,108
Total	$	21,791	$	446,894	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	258,051	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	—		320,203		320,203
Maintenance	—		231,670		231,670
Professional services	—		127,349		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	18,074		1,835		19,909
Hardware and other	18,951		—		18,951
Total	$	37,025	$	939,108	$	976,133

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For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	211,287	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	—		289,972		289,972
Maintenance	—		233,844		233,844
Professional services	—		141,952		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	26,752		4,763		31,515
Hardware and other	16,222		—		16,222
Total	$	42,974	$	881,818	$	924,792

Recurring Revenues

The majority of our revenue is comprised of revenues from subscriptions and maintenance, which we consider to be recurring revenues. Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenues derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees, which relate to digital government services, e-filing transactions, and payment processing. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenues. That maintenance and support is generally provided under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. We consider all other revenue categories to be non-recurring revenues.

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	264,507	$	149,821	$	—	$	414,328
Non-recurring revenues	71,116		11,464		7,371		89,951
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	239,454	$	133,177	$	—	$	372,631
Non-recurring revenues	70,774		21,670		3,610		96,054
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	523,003	$	286,921	$	—	$	809,924
Non-recurring revenues	135,882		22,956		7,371		166,209
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	470,465	$	264,638	$	—	$	735,103
Non-recurring revenues	145,160		40,919		3,610		189,689
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792

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(5)    Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Enterprise Software	$	536,663	$	533,902
Platform Technologies	28,591		33,691
Corporate	1,750		2,982
Totals	$	567,004	$	570,575

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows:

	Six months ended June 30, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	570,575
Deferral of revenue	662,311
Recognition of deferred revenue	(665,882)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	567,004

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“backlog”), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of June 30, 2023, was $1.90 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately 46% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

(6)    Deferred Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our salesforce are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be generally three to seven years. Deferred commissions were $44.9 million and $43.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense was $4.3 million and $8.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $3.7 million and $7.2 million for the three and six months ended 2022, respectively. There were no indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

(7)    Acquisitions

On October 31, 2022, we acquired Rapid Financial Solutions, LLC (Rapid), a provider of reliable, scalable, and secure payments with best-in-class card issuance and digital disbursement capabilities. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $2.2 million, was approximately $67.4 million, consisting of $51.5 million paid in cash and $18.2 million of common stock.

We have performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of Rapid’s assets and liabilities. In connection with this transaction, we acquired total tangible assets of $12.9 million and assumed liabilities of approximately $10.6 million. In the first quarter of 2023, we recorded $10.0 million for assumed liabilities related to litigation outstanding at the time of acquisition as the amount became probable and estimable and a related $10.0 million indemnification receivable from escrowed amounts established at acquisition. We recorded goodwill of approximately $40.0 million, all of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes, and other identifiable intangible assets of approximately $27.6 million. The goodwill arising from this acquisition is primarily attributed to our ability to generate increased revenues, earnings and cash flow by expanding our addressable market and client base. The $27.6 million of intangible assets are attributable to customer relationships, acquired software, and trade name and will be amortized over a weighted average period of approximately 10 years.

The operating results of Rapid are included with the operating results of the Platform Technologies segment since its date of acquisition and the impact of this acquisition on our operating results, assets, and liabilities is not material.

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As of June 30, 2023, the purchase price allocation for Rapid is not final; therefore, certain preliminary valuation estimates of fair value assumed at the acquisition date for intangible assets, receivables, and related deferred taxes are subject to change as valuations are finalized. Our balance sheet as of June 30, 2023, reflects the allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired based on their estimated fair value at the date of the acquisition. The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired are based on valuations using Level 3 unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred fees of approximately $72,000 for financial advisory, legal, accounting, due diligence, valuation, and other various services necessary to complete acquisitions.

(8)    Debt

The following table summarizes our total outstanding borrowings related to the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes:

	Rate	Maturity Date	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving credit facility	S + 1.50%	April 2026	$	—	$	—
Term Loan A-1	S + 1.50%	April 2026	250,000		290,000
Term Loan A-2	S + 1.25%	April 2024	25,000		105,000
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	0.25%	March 2026	600,000		600,000
Total borrowings			875,000		995,000
Less: unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs			(5,926)		(7,611)
Total borrowings, net			869,074		987,389
Less: current portion of debt			(30,000)		(30,000)
Carrying value			$	839,074	$	957,389

2021 Credit Agreement

In connection with the completion of the acquisition of NIC, Inc. on April 21, 2021, we, as borrower, entered into a new $1.4 billion Credit Agreement (the “2021 Credit Agreement”) with the various lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender, and Issuing Lender. The 2021 Credit Agreement provides for (1) a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $500 million, including sub-facilities for standby letters of credit and swingline loans (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), (2) an amortizing five-year term loan in the aggregate amount of $600 million (the “Term Loan A-1”), and (3) a non-amortizing three-year term loan in the aggregate amount of $300 million (the “Term Loan A-2”) and, together (the “Term Loans”). The 2021 Credit Agreement matures on April 20, 2026, and the loans may be prepaid at any time, without premium or penalty, subject to certain minimum amounts and payment of any breakage costs. In addition to the required amortization payments on the Term Loan A-1 of 5% annually, certain mandatory quarterly prepayments of the Term Loans and the Revolving Credit Facility will be required (i) upon the issuance or incurrence of additional debt not otherwise permitted under the 2021 Credit Agreement and (ii) upon the occurrence of certain asset sales and insurance and condemnation recoveries, subject to certain thresholds, baskets, and reinvestment provisions as provided in the 2021 Credit Agreement.

On January 28, 2023, we amended our 2021 Credit Agreement to replace the LIBOR reference rate with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) reference rate.

In accordance with our amended 2021 Credit Agreement, the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan A-1 bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Administrative Agent’s prime commercial lending rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) (the “Base Rate”) plus a margin of 0.125% to 0.75% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 1.125% to 1.75%. The Term Loan A-2 bears interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Base Rate plus a margin of 0% to 0.5% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.5%. The margin in each case is based upon the Company’s total net leverage ratio, as determined pursuant to the 2021 Credit Agreement. In addition to paying interest on the outstanding principal of loans under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, currently 0.25% per annum, ranging from 0.15% to 0.3% based upon the Company’s total net leverage ratio.

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The amended 2021 Credit Agreement requires us to maintain certain financial ratios and other financial conditions and prohibits us from making certain investments, advances, cash dividends or loans, and limits incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with those covenants.

The carrying amount is the par value of the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans less the debt discount and debt issuance costs that are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the Term Loans. Interest expense is included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2026

On March 9, 2021, we issued 0.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 in the aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million (“the Convertible Senior Notes” or “the Notes”). The Convertible Senior Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated as of March 9, 2021, with U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes were $591.4 million, net of initial purchasers’ discounts of $6.0 million and debt issuance costs of $2.6 million.

The Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with our future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to our future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to our future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent we are not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of our subsidiaries.

The Convertible Senior Notes accrue interest at a rate of 0.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2021. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on March 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted.

Before September 15, 2025, holders of the Convertible Senior Notes have the right to convert their Convertible Senior Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. Under the terms of the Indenture, the Convertible Senior Notes are convertible into common stock of Tyler Technologies, Inc. (referred to as “our common stock” herein) at the following times or circumstances:

•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ended June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter;

•during the five consecutive business days immediately after any five consecutive trading day period (such five consecutive trading day period, the “Measurement Period”) if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes, as determined following a request by their holder in accordance with the procedures in the Indenture, for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day;

•upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our common stock, including but not limited to a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture);

•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events; or

•on or after September 15, 2025, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, March 15, 2026.

With certain exceptions, upon a change of control or other fundamental change (both as defined in the Indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes), the holders of the Convertible Senior Notes may require us to repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

As of June 30, 2023, none of the conditions allowing holders of the Convertible Senior Notes to convert have been met.

From and including September 15, 2025, holders of the Convertible Senior Notes may convert their Convertible Senior Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. We will settle any conversions of the Convertible Senior Notes either entirely in cash or in a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. However, upon conversion of any Convertible Senior Notes, the conversion value, which will be determined over an “Observation Period” (as defined in the Indenture) consisting of 30 trading days, will be paid in cash up to at least the principal amount of the Notes being converted.

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The initial conversion rate is 2.0266 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $493.44 per share of common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time.

The Convertible Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option at any time, and from time to time, on or after March 15, 2024 and on or before the 30th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price of the Notes on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date we send such notice. In addition, calling any Note for redemption constitutes a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

Effective Interest

The weighted average interest rates for the borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 were 6.68% and 0.25%, as of June 30, 2023, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the effective interest rates for our borrowings were 7.04% and 0.54% for the 2021 Credit Agreement and the Convertible Senior Notes, respectively. The following sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes and is included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense - Revolving Credit Facility	$	(625)	$	(315)	$	(937)	$	(628)
Contractual interest expense - Term Loans	(4,565)		(4,375)		(10,206)		(7,369)
Contractual interest expense - Convertible Senior Notes	(375)		(375)		(750)		(750)
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	(822)		(1,149)		(2,178)		(2,271)
Total	$	(6,387)	$	(6,214)	$	(14,071)	$	(11,018)

As of June 30, 2023, we had one outstanding standalone letter of credit totaling $1.5 million. The letter of credit, which guarantees our performance under a client contract, renews automatically annually unless canceled in writing, and expires in the third quarter of 2026. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we repaid $120.0 million of the Term Loans under the 2021 Credit Agreement.

(9)    Financial Instruments

The following table presents our financial instruments:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,764	$	173,857
Available-for-sale investments	29,216		55,538
Equity investments	10,000		10,000
Total	$	157,980	$	239,395

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, for which we determine fair value through quoted market prices.

Our available-for-sale investments primarily consist of investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and asset-backed securities with maturity dates through 2027. These investments are presented at fair value and are included in short-term investments and non-current investments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains or losses associated with the investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of comprehensive income. For our available-for-sale investments, we do not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that we would be required to sell before recovery of their cost basis.

18

As of June 30, 2023, we have an accrued interest receivable balance of approximately $102,000 which is included in accounts receivable, net. We do not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. We record any losses within the maturity period or at the time of sale of the investment and any write-offs to accrued interest receivables are recorded as a reduction to interest income in the period of the loss. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we have recorded no credit losses for accrued interest receivables. Interest income and amortization of discounts and premiums are included in other income, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents the components of our available-for-sale investments:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Amortized cost	$	30,269	$	56,670
Unrealized gains	—		16
Unrealized losses	(1,053)		(1,148)
Estimated fair value	$	29,216	$	55,538

As of June 30, 2023, we have $19.1 million of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities of one year or less and $10.1 million with contractual maturities great than one year. As of June 30, 2023, six available-for-sale debt securities with a fair value of $6.1 million have been in a loss position for one year or less and 27 securities with a fair value of $20.9 million have been in a loss position for greater than one year.

The following table presents the activity on our available-for-sale investments:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sales and maturities	$	14,132	$	17,923	$	37,107	$	40,595
Realized losses on sales, net of tax	(1)		(48)		(1)		(7)

Our equity investments consist of an 18% interest in BFTR, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bison Capital Partners V L.P. BFTR, LLC is a privately held Australian company specializing in digitizing the spoken word in court and legal proceedings. The investment in common stock is carried at cost less any impairment write-downs because we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee and the securities do not have readily determinable fair values.

(10)    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in the balances of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax by component:

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(750)	$	—	$	(750)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(36)		—		(36)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1		—		1
Other comprehensive loss	(35)		—		(35)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(785)	$	—	$	(785)

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	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	(743)	$	—	$	(743)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(114)		—		(114)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	48		—		48
Other comprehensive loss	(66)		—		(66)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	(809)	$	—	$	(809)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(844)	$	—	$	(844)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	58		—		58
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1		—		1
Other comprehensive income	59		—		59
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(785)	$	—	$	(785)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(46)	$	—	$	(46)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(743)		—		(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized losses on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	(27)		—		(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	7		—		7
Other comprehensive loss	(763)		—		(763)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	(809)	$	—	$	(809)

(11)    Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. Guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of inputs used in measuring fair value defined as follows:

•Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in non-active markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are not directly observable, but are corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable and are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment.

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the least reliable level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. We also consider the counterparty and our own non-performance risk in our assessment of fair value.

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The following table presents fair values of our financial and debt instruments categorized by their fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Available-for-sale investments	$	29,216	$	—	$	—	$	29,216
Equity investments	—		—		10,000		10,000
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility	—		—		—		—
Term Loan A-1	—		248,788		—		248,788
Term Loan A-2	—		24,942		—		24,942
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	—		615,564		—		615,564

Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, short-term obligations and certain other assets at cost approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2023, we have $29.2 million in investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities with maturity dates through 2027. The fair values of these securities are considered Level 1 as they are based on inputs from unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

As of June 30, 2023, we have an 18% interest in BFTR, LLC. As we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee and the securities do not have readily determinable fair values, our investment is carried at cost less any impairment write-downs. Periodically, our investment is assessed for impairment. We do not reassess the fair value of the investments if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investments. No events or changes in circumstances have occurred during the period that require reassessment. There has been no impairment of this investment for the periods presented. This investment is included in other non-current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We assess goodwill for impairment annually on October 1. In addition, we review goodwill, property and equipment, and other intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed our annual assessment of goodwill which did not result in an impairment charge. Further, we identified no indicators of impairment to long-lived and other assets and therefore, no impairment was recorded as of and for the period ended June 30, 2023.

Financial instruments measured at fair value only for disclosure purposes

The fair value of our borrowing under our amended 2021 Credit Agreement would approximate book value as of June 30, 2023, because our interest rates reset approximately every 30 days or less.

The carrying amount of the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans is the par value less the debt discount and debt issuance costs that are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the Term Loans. Interest expense is included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

The fair value of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 is determined based on quoted market prices for a similar liability when traded as an asset in an active market, a Level 2 input. See Note 8, “Debt,” for further discussion.

The carrying amount of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 is the par value less the debt discount and debt issuance costs that are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. Interest expense is included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

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The following table presents the fair value and carrying value, net, of the 2021 Credit Agreement and our Convertible Notes due 2026):

	Fair Value at				Carrying Value at
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Term Loan A-1	248,788		288,302		248,788		288,302
Term Loan A-2	24,942		104,603		24,942		104,603
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	615,564		560,910		595,344		594,484
	$	889,294	$	953,815	$	869,074	$	987,389

(12)    Income Tax Provision

We had an effective income tax rate of 12.5% and 15.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 21.3% and 21.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the prior periods, was principally driven by an increase in research tax credit benefits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, partially offset by an increase in liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rates for the periods presented were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to research tax credits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, offset by state income taxes, liabilities for uncertain tax positions, and non-deductible business expenses.

For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) eliminates the option to currently deduct research and development expenses and requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize them over five years for research activities performed in the United States and 15 years for research activities performed outside the United States pursuant to IRC Section 174. The requirement temporarily increases our U.S. federal and state cash tax payments and reduces cash flows in fiscal year 2023 and future years until the amortization deduction normalizes.

We made income tax payments of $92.9 million and $24.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(13)    Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, pursuant to ASC 718, Stock Compensation:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services	$	6,437	$	6,867	$	12,779	$	13,639
Sales and marketing expense	2,367		2,224		4,760		4,364
General and administrative expense	17,224		16,709		36,385		33,076
Total share-based compensation expense	$	26,028	$	25,800	$	53,924	$	51,079

22

(14)    Earnings Per Share

The following table details the reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	49,130	$	39,946	$	80,005	$	79,930
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	41,980		41,500		41,987		41,499
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:
Stock awards	771		821		723		950
Convertible Senior Notes	—		—		—		—
Denominator for diluted earnings per share    - Adjusted weighted-average shares	42,751		42,321		42,710		42,449
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.17	$	0.96	$	1.91	$	1.93
Diluted	$	1.15	$	0.94	$	1.87	$	1.88

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, stock awards, representing the right to purchase common stock of approximately 344,000 and 423,000 shares and 486,000 and 350,000 shares, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an antidilutive effect. 

We have used the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 on our diluted net income per share. Under the if-converted method, the Notes are assumed to be converted at the beginning of the period and the resulting common shares are included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation for the entire period being presented and interest expense, net of tax, recorded in connection with the Convertible Senior Notes is not added back to the numerator, only in the periods in which such effect is dilutive. The approximately 1.2 million remaining resulting common shares related to the Notes are not included in the dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, as their effect would be antidilutive given none of the conversion features have been triggered. See Note 8, “Debt,” for discussion on the conversion features related to the Convertible Senior Notes.

(15)    Leases

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements with maturities between one to 11 years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to six years. We have no finance leases and one related party lessor agreement (see Note 16, "Related party transactions") as of June 30, 2023. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred lease restructuring costs, resulting in zero and $1.4 million of operating lease costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred lease restructuring costs of zero and $1.0 million of operating lease costs.

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	3,119	$	2,586	$	7,510	$	6,008
Short-term lease cost	513		488		1,036		994
Variable lease cost	216		204		536		574
Net lease cost	$	3,848	$	3,278	$	9,082	$	7,576

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Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:

Other Information	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	5,873		$	7,238
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$	2,391		$	6,606
Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6.9			5.8
Weighted average discount rate	1.60		%	1.64		%

Rental Income from third parties

We own office buildings in Bangor, Falmouth, and Yarmouth, Maine; Lubbock and Plano, Texas; Troy, Michigan; Latham, New York; and Moraine, Ohio. We lease space in some of these buildings to third-party tenants. The property we lease to others under operating leases consists primarily of specific facilities where one tenant obtains substantially all of the economic benefit from the asset and has the right to direct the use of the asset. These non-cancelable leases expire between 2023 and 2028, and some have options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. None of our leases allow the lessee to purchase the leased asset.

Rental income from third-party tenants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $545,000 and $1.0 million, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 totaled $493,000 and $798,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, future minimum operating rental income based on contractual agreements is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (Remaining)	$	1,133
2024	3,049
2025	2,317
2026	1,171
2027	913
Thereafter	733
Total	$	9,316

(16) Related Party Transactions

In April 2023, we entered into an arm's length lessor agreement with a company co-owned by a member of the Company’s board of directors for 25,000 square feet of office space in our Lubbock, Texas, facility. The lease agreement, which commenced on April 1, 2023, has an initial term of five years with a pro-rata base rent of $25,000 per month until December 1, 2023, and a base rent of $60,000 per month thereafter. We recognized rental income of $75,000 under this lease for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

(17)    Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

During the first quarter of 2022, we received a notice of termination for convenience under a contractual arrangement with a state government client. Upon receipt of the termination notice, we ceased performing services under the contractual arrangement and sought payment of contractually owed fees of approximately $15 million in connection with the termination for convenience.

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The client was unresponsive to our outreach for several months. On August 23, 2022, we filed a lawsuit to enforce our rights and remedies under the applicable contractual arrangement, and since then have been engaged directly with the client on payment resolution. Although we believe our products and services were delivered in accordance with the terms of our contract and that we are entitled to payment in connection with the termination for convenience, at this time the matter remains unresolved. We can provide no assurances that we will not incur additional costs as we pursue our rights and remedies under the contract.

Purchase Commitments

We have contractual obligations for third-party technology used in our solutions and for other services we purchase as part of our normal operations. In certain cases, these arrangements require a minimum annual purchase commitment by us. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining aggregate minimum purchase commitment under these arrangements was approximately $244 million through 2031.

(18)    Subsequent Events

There have been no material events or transactions that occurred subsequent to June 30, 2023.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are not historical in nature and typically address future or anticipated events, trends, expectations or beliefs with respect to our financial condition, results of operations or business. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “might,” “could” or other similar words or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. We believe there is a reasonable basis for our forward-looking statements, but they are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially from the expectations and beliefs reflected in the forward-looking statements. We presently consider the following to be among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and beliefs: (1) changes in the budgets or regulatory environments of our clients, primarily local and state governments, that could negatively impact information technology spending; (2) disruption to our business and harm to our competitive position resulting from cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities; (3) our ability to protect client information from security breaches and provide uninterrupted operations of data centers; (4) our ability to achieve growth or operational synergies through the integration of acquired businesses, while avoiding unanticipated costs and disruptions to existing operations; (5) material portions of our business require the internet infrastructure to be adequately maintained; (6) our ability to achieve our financial forecasts due to various factors, including project delays by our clients, reductions in transaction size, fewer transactions, delays in delivery of new products or releases or a decline in our renewal rates for service agreements; (7) general economic, political and market conditions, including continued inflation and rising interest rates; (8) technological and market risks associated with the development of new products or services or of new versions of existing or acquired products or services; (9) competition in the industry in which we conduct business and the impact of competition on pricing, client retention and pressure for new products or services; (10) the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and dealing with the loss or retirement of key members of management or other key personnel; and (11) costs of compliance and any failure to comply with government and stock exchange regulations. A detailed discussion of these factors and other risks that affect our business are described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors”. We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements.

GENERAL

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector. We develop and market a broad line of software products and services to address the IT needs of public sector entities. We provide subscription-based services such as software as a service (“SaaS”), transaction-based services primarily related to digital government services, payment processing, and electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”), which simplify the filing and management of court related documents. In addition, we provide professional services to our clients, including software and hardware installation, data conversion, training, and for certain clients, product modifications, along with continuing maintenance and support for clients using our systems. Additionally, we provide property appraisal outsourcing services for taxing jurisdictions.

We provide our software systems and related professional services through six business units, which focus on the following products:

•financial management, education and planning, regulatory, and maintenance software solutions;

•financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory, and maintenance software solutions;

•courts and justice and public safety software solutions;

•property and recording solutions;

•platform solutions including case management and business process management; and

•digital solutions including payments and government services.

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, we report our results in two reportable segments. The Enterprise Software ("ES") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management and education; planning, regulatory and maintenance; courts and justice; public safety; and property and recording solutions. The Platform Technologies ("PT") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software solutions to perform transaction processing, streamline data processing, and improve operations and workflows such as platform solutions and digital solutions.

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We evaluate performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. We define segment operating income for our business units as income before non-cash amortization of intangible assets associated with their acquisitions, interest expense, and income taxes. Segment operating income includes intercompany transactions. The majority of intercompany transactions relate to contracts involving more than one unit and are valued based on the contractual arrangement. Corporate segment operating loss primarily consists of compensation costs for the executive management team, certain shared services staff, and share-based compensation expense for the entire company. Corporate segment operating loss also includes revenues and expenses related to a company-wide user conference.

See Note 3, "Segment and Related Information," in the notes to the financial statements for additional information.

Recent Acquisitions

On October 31, 2022, we acquired Rapid Financial Solutions, LLC (Rapid), a provider of reliable, scalable, and secure payments with best-in-class card issuance and digital disbursement capabilities. On February 8, 2022, we acquired US eDirect Inc. (US eDirect), a leading provider of technology solutions for campground and outdoor recreation management. US eDirect and Rapid are operated as a part of the digital solutions business unit and the results of US eDirect and Rapid from their respective dates of acquisition are included with the operating results of the PT segment.

Operating Results

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, total revenues increased 7.6% and 5.6%, respectively, compared to the prior period. Excluding the 2023 incremental impact of recent acquisitions, revenues increased 6.6% and 4.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period.

Subscriptions revenue grew 16.4% and 15.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period, primarily due to an ongoing shift toward SaaS arrangements, along with growth in our transaction-based revenues such as e-filing and payment services, offset by the decline in COVID pandemic related transaction-based revenue. Excluding the impact of recent acquisitions, subscriptions revenue increased 14.6% and 13.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period. Subscriptions revenue from recent acquisitions contributed 1.8% and 2.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Our backlog as of June 30, 2023, was $1.90 billion, a 2.8% increase compared to June 30, 2022.

Our total employee count increased to 7,247 at June 30, 2023, including 48 employees who joined us through acquisitions completed since June 30, 2022, from 7,143 at June 30, 2022.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of GAAP for the interim period and require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, potential impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, and share-based compensation expense. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read expanded information about our critical accounting policies and estimates provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Reclassifications

As of January 1, 2023, we have elected to no longer report the appraisal services revenue and related costs as separate categories in the statement of income due to less significance on our overall operating results. Therefore, we have combined the appraisal services revenue category with the professional services revenue category; and the related cost of revenue category for appraisal services is now combined with the cost of revenue category related to subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services on the condensed consolidated statements of income for all reporting periods presented.

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	Percent of Total Revenues
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Subscriptions	59.1	%	54.6	%	59.2	%	54.2	%
Maintenance	23.1		24.9		23.7		25.3
Professional services	13.2		15.4		13.0		15.3
Software licenses and royalties	1.9		3.2		2.0		3.4
Hardware and other	2.7		1.9		2.1		1.8
Total revenues	100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0
Cost of revenues:
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services	50.7		53.4		52.1		53.3
Software licenses, royalties, and amortization of acquired software	2.3		3.3		2.3		3.2
Amortization of software development	0.6		0.3		0.6		0.3
Hardware and other	2.2		1.7		1.7		1.4
Sales and marketing expense	7.4		6.8		7.6		7.3
General and administrative expense	15.4		14.5		15.4		14.1
Research and development expense	5.6		5.0		5.6		5.1
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles	3.6		2.9		3.8		3.1
Operating income	12.2		12.1		10.9		12.2
Interest expense	(1.3)		(1.3)		(1.4)		(1.2)
Other income, net	0.1		—		0.2		0.1
Income before income taxes	11.0		10.8		9.7		11.1
Income tax (benefit) provision	1.4		2.3		1.5		2.4
Net income	9.6	%	8.5	%	8.2	%	8.7	%

Revenues

Subscriptions

The following table sets forth a comparison of our subscriptions revenue for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
ES	$	154,554	$	128,694	$	25,860	20	%	$	302,968	$	249,010	$	53,958	22	%
PT	143,235		127,122		16,113		13		275,286		252,249		23,037		9
Total subscriptions revenue	$	297,789	$	255,816	$	41,973	16	%	$	578,254	$	501,259	$	76,995	15	%
Less: Revenue from recent acquisitions1	(4,607)		—		(4,607)				(10,857)		—		(10,857)
Total subscriptions revenue excluding acquisitions	$	293,182	$	255,816	$	37,366	15	%	$	567,397	$	501,259	$	66,138	13	%

Subscriptions revenue consists of revenue derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees primarily related to digital government services and payment processing. We also provide electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”) that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements.

______________________________________

1Excludes the 2023 incremental impact as a result of not having the recent acquisition for a full fiscal year.

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Subscriptions revenue grew 16% and 15% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period. Excluding the incremental impact of recent acquisitions, subscriptions revenue increased 15% and 13% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period. New SaaS clients as well as existing on-premises clients who converted to our SaaS model provided the majority of the subscriptions revenue increase. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, we added 170 and 315 new SaaS clients and 94 and 167 on-premises existing clients elected to convert to our SaaS model. Since June 30, 2022, we have added 608 new SaaS clients while 319 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS offerings. Our mix of new software contract value for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was approximately 15% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately 85% subscription-based arrangements compared to total new contract value mix for the six months ended June 30, 2022, of approximately 24% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately 76% subscription-based arrangements.

Total subscriptions revenue derived from transaction-based fees was $166.3 million and $320.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $146.3 million and $290.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, transaction-based fees grew $20.0 million, or 13.7% and $30.2 million, or 10.4% compared to prior period. Contributing to the growth in transaction-based fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, are the incremental increase of $8.5 million and $16.4 million, respectively, from online payments and e-filing services, and the incremental impact of transaction-based fees from recent acquisitions of $4.6 million and $10.9 million, respectively, compared to prior period. The remainder of the increases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are primarily attributable to the growth in transaction-based fees from our state enterprise contracts related to our digital solutions business unit. The increases, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, in transaction-based fees are offset by the decline of $2.1 million and $10.8 million, respectively, in COVID pandemic related transaction-based revenues compared to prior period.

Maintenance

The following table sets forth a comparison of our maintenance revenue for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
ES	$	109,953	$	110,760	$	(807)	(1)	%	$	220,035	$	221,455	$	(1,420)	(1)	%
PT	6,586		6,055		531		9		11,635		12,389		(754)		(6)
Total maintenance revenue	$	116,539	$	116,815	$	(276)	—	%	$	231,670	$	233,844	$	(2,174)	(1)	%
Less: Revenue from recent acquisitions 1	—		—		—				—		—		—
Total maintenance revenue excluding acquisitions	$	116,539	$	116,815	$	(276)	—	%	$	231,670	$	233,844	$	(2,174)	(1)	%

We provide maintenance and support services for our software products and certain third-party software. Maintenance revenue remained flat for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and decreased 1% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period. Maintenance revenue slightly declined mainly due to the impact of clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to SaaS, partially offset by annual maintenance rate increases and maintenance associated with new software license sales.

Annualized Recurring Revenues

Subscriptions and maintenance are considered recurring revenue sources. Annualized recurring revenue ("ARR") is calculated based on total recurring revenues for the current quarter multiplied by four. ARR was $1.66 billion and $1.49 billion as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. ARR increased 11.2% compared to the prior period primarily due to an increase in subscriptions revenue resulting from an ongoing shift toward SaaS arrangements.

______________________________________

1Excludes the 2023 incremental impact as a result of not having the recent acquisition for a full fiscal year.

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Professional services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our professional services revenue for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
ES	$	55,256	$	50,653	$	4,603	9	%	$	106,755	$	101,820	$	4,935	5	%
PT	11,164		21,284		(10,120)		(48)		20,594		40,132		(19,538)		(49)
Total professional services revenue	$	66,420	$	71,937	$	(5,517)	(8)	%	$	127,349	$	141,952	$	(14,603)	(10)	%
Less: Revenue from recent acquisitions 1	—		—		—				—		—		—
Total professional services revenue excluding acquisitions	$	66,420	$	71,937	$	(5,517)	(8)	%	$	127,349	$	141,952	$	(14,603)	(10)	%

Professional services revenue primarily consists of professional services billed in connection with implementing our software, converting client data, training client personnel, custom development activities, consulting and property appraisal outsourcing services. New clients who purchase our proprietary software licenses or subscriptions generally also contract with us to provide the related professional services. Existing clients also periodically purchase additional training, consulting and minor programming services.

Professional services revenue decreased 8% and 10% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period, primarily attributed to lower revenues generated by the COVID pandemic-related rent relief services, which declined $13.1 million and $25.0 million, respectively, compared to prior period. The decline is partially offset by increased billable travel revenue as onsite services have increased post-pandemic.

Software licenses and royalties

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software licenses and royalties revenue for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
ES	$	9,479	$	14,623	$	(5,144)	(35)	%	$	17,547	$	30,728	$	(13,181)	(43)	%
PT	300		386		(86)		(22)		2,362		787		1,575		200
Total software licenses and royalties revenue	$	9,779	$	15,009	$	(5,230)	(35)	%	$	19,909	$	31,515	$	(11,606)	(37)	%
Less: Revenue from recent acquisitions 1	—		—		—				—		—		—
Total software licenses and royalties revenue excluding acquisitions	$	9,779	$	15,009	$	(5,230)	(35)	%	$	19,909	$	31,515	$	(11,606)	(37)	%

Software licenses and royalties revenue decreased 35% and 37% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period. The decrease is primarily attributed to the shift in the mix of new software contracts toward more subscription-based agreements compared to the prior period.

Although the mix of new contracts between subscription-based and perpetual license arrangements may vary from quarter to quarter and year to year, we expect the decline in software license revenues will accelerate as we continue to shift our model away from perpetual licenses to SaaS. Subscription-based arrangements result in lower software license revenue in the initial year as compared to perpetual software license arrangements but generate higher overall revenue over the term of the contract.

______________________________________

1Excludes the 2023 incremental impact as a result of not having the recent acquisition for a full fiscal year.

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Cost of revenues and overall gross margin

The following table sets forth a comparison of the key components of our cost of revenues for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services	$	255,789	$	250,168	$	5,621	2	%	$	508,204	$	493,000	$	15,204	3	%
Software licenses and royalties	2,432		1,547		885		57		4,745		2,992		1,753		59
Amortization of software development	2,896		1,322		1,574		119		5,485		2,486		2,999		121
Amortization of acquired software	8,924		14,039		(5,115)		(36)		17,844		27,260		(9,416)		(35)
Hardware and other	11,061		8,161		2,900		36		16,841		13,188		3,653		28
Total cost of revenues	$	281,102	$	275,237	$	5,865	2	%	$	553,119	$	538,926	$	14,193	3	%

Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services. Cost of subscriptions, maintenance and professional services primarily consist of personnel costs related to installation of our software, conversion of client data, training client personnel and support activities, including enhancing existing solutions, and various other services such as custom client development, on-going operation of SaaS, property appraisal outsourcing activities, digital government services, and other transaction-based services such as e-filing. Other costs included are interchange fees required to process credit/debit card transactions and bank fees to process automated clearinghouse transactions related to our payments business.

The cost of subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, increased $5.6 million or 2%, and $15.2 million or 3%, respectively, compared to the prior period. Excluding the 2023 incremental impact from recent acquisitions of $2.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, cost of subscriptions, maintenance and professional services increased 1% and 2%, respectively, due to higher personnel costs, including costs related to onboarding new professional services employees who are not yet billable; and duplicate hosting costs as we transition from our proprietary data centers to the public cloud. Excluding employees from recent acquisitions, our professional services staff grew by 119 employees since June 30, 2022, as we increased hiring to ensure that we are well-positioned to deliver our current backlog and anticipated new business.

Software licenses and royalties. Costs of software licenses and royalties primarily consist of direct third party software costs. We do not have any direct costs associated with royalties.

The cost of software licenses and royalties for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, increased $0.9 million or 57% and increased $1.8 million or 59%, respectively, compared to the prior period due to higher third party software costs.

Amortization of software development. Software development costs included in cost of revenues primarily consist of personnel costs. We begin to amortize capitalized costs when a product is available for general release to customers. Amortization expense is determined on a product-by-product basis at a rate not less than straight-line basis over the software’s remaining estimated economic life of, generally, three to five years.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, amortization of software development costs increased $1.6 million or 119% and increased $3.0 million or 121%, respectively, compared to the prior period and is attributable to new capitalized software development projects going into service in the past year.

Amortization of acquired software. Amortization expense related to acquired software attributed to business combinations is included with cost of revenues. The estimated useful lives of other intangibles range from five to 10 years.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, amortization of acquired software declined $5.1 million or 36% and $9.4 million or 35%, respectively, compared to the prior period due to assets becoming fully amortized in the fourth quarter 2022, offset by amortization of newly acquired software from recent acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2022.

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The following table sets forth a comparison of overall gross margin for the periods presented as of June 30:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change
Overall gross margin	44.3	%	41.3	%	3.0	%	43.3	%	41.7	%	1.6	%

Overall Gross Margin. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, our overall gross margin increased 3.0% and 1.6%, respectively, compared to the prior period; excluding the 2023 incremental impact from recent acquisitions of $1.5 million and $2.8 million, overall gross margin was 44.4% and 43.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The increase of 3.1% and 1.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, in overall gross margin compared to the prior period is due to growth in subscription revenues and the decline in low margin COVID-related revenues and related costs. Also contributing to the increase in overall gross margin is the decline in amortization of acquired software expense compared to the prior period. The margin increases are partially offset by lower revenue from software licenses and maintenance, duplicate hosting costs as we transition from our proprietary data centers to the public cloud, and higher personnel costs.

Sales and marketing expense

Sales and marketing expense (“S&M”) consists primarily of salaries, employee benefits, travel, share-based compensation expense, commissions and related overhead costs for sales and marketing employees, as well as professional fees, trade show activities, advertising costs and other marketing costs. The following table sets forth a comparison of our S&M expense for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Sales and marketing expense	$	37,103	$	31,881	$	5,222	16	%	$	74,206	$	67,087	$	7,119	11	%

S&M as a percentage of revenues was 7.4% and 7.6% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 6.8% and 7.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, S&M expense increased approximately 16% and 11%, respectively, compared to the prior period and is primarily attributed to higher commission expense and bonus expense resulting from improved operating results compared to the prior period.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative (“G&A”) expense consists primarily of personnel salaries and share-based compensation expense for general corporate functions, including senior management, finance, accounting, legal, human resources and corporate development as well as third party professional fees, travel-related expenses, insurance, allocation of depreciation, facilities and IT support costs, amortization of software development for internal use, acquisition-related expenses and other administrative expenses. The following table sets forth a comparison of our G&A expense for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
General and administrative expense	$	77,681	$	67,820	$	9,861	15	%	$	150,041	$	130,509	$	19,532	15	%

G&A as a percentage of revenue was 15.4% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 14.5% and 14.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. G&A expense increased approximately 15% for both the three and six month ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period. The increase in G&A is primarily attributed to increases in amortization of software development for internal use, increases in travel-related expenses and other administrative costs, higher personnel costs from increased employee headcount, increased costs of health benefits, higher bonus expense due to improved operating results, and increased share-based compensation expense due to a higher number of share-based awards issued in the current period. Our administrative staff grew by 13 employees since June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, G&A expense also included $1.4 million related to lease restructuring and other asset write-offs.

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Research and development expense

Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries, employee benefits and related overhead costs associated with new product development. Research and development expense consists mainly of costs associated with development of new products and technologies from which we do not currently generate significant revenue.

The following table sets forth a comparison of our research and development expense for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Research and development expense	$	28,153	$	23,386	$	4,767	20	%	$	55,139	$	47,327	$	7,812	17	%

Research and development expense increased 20% and 17% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior period, mainly due to a number of new Tyler product development initiatives across our product suites, including increased investments in research and development at recently acquired businesses.

Amortization of other intangibles

Other intangibles are comprised of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible assets acquired that are allocated to acquired software and customer related, trade name, and leases acquired intangibles. The remaining excess purchase price is allocated to goodwill that is not subject to amortization. Amortization expense related to acquired software is included with cost of revenues while amortization expense of customer related, trade name, and leases acquired intangibles is recorded as operating expense. The estimated useful lives of other intangibles range from one to 25 years. The following table sets forth a comparison of amortization of other intangibles for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Amortization of other intangibles	$	18,366	$	13,604	$	4,762	35	%	$	36,774	$	28,318	$	8,456	30	%

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, amortization of other intangibles increased compared to the prior period due to the impact of intangibles added with recent acquisitions and the accelerated amortization of certain trade name intangibles due to branding changes in 2023.

Interest expense

The following table sets forth a comparison of our interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Interest expense	$	(6,387)	$	(6,214)	$	(173)	3	%	$	(14,071)	$	(11,018)	$	(3,053)	28	%

Interest expense is comprised of interest expense and non-usage and other fees associated with our borrowings. The change in interest expense compared to the prior period is attributable to an increase in amortization expense related to debt issuance costs, resulting from our accelerated repayment of the term loans, coupled with an increase in interest rates compared to the prior period.

 Other income, net

The following table sets forth a comparison of our other income, net, for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Change				Six Months Ended				Change
	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Other income, net	$	643	$	216	$	427	198	%	$	1,889	$	581	$	1,308	225	%

Other income, net, is primarily comprised of interest income from invested cash. The change in other income, net, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the prior period is due to increased interest income generated from invested cash as a result of higher interest rates in 2023 compared to 2022.

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Income tax provision

The following table sets forth a comparison of our income tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Change				Six Months Ended						Change
	2023			2022			$		%		2023			2022			$		%
Income tax (benefit) provision	$	7,000		$	10,813		$	(3,813)	(35)	%	$	14,667		$	22,258		$	(7,591)	(34)%
Effective income tax rate	12.5		%	21.3		%					15.5		%	21.8		%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the prior periods, was principally driven by an increase in research tax credit benefits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, partially offset by an increase in liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rates for the periods presented were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to research tax credits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, offset by state income taxes, liabilities for uncertain tax positions, and non-deductible business expenses.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $118.8 million compared to $173.9 million at December 31, 2022. We also had $29.2 million invested in investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities as of June 30, 2023. These investments have varying maturity dates through 2027, and are held as available-for-sale. As of June 30, 2023, we had $275.0 million outstanding borrowings under our 2021 Credit Agreement and one outstanding letter of credit totaling $1.5 million in favor of a client contract. We believe our cash on hand, cash from operating activities, availability under our revolving line of credit, and access to the capital markets provide us with sufficient flexibility to meet our long-term financial needs.

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for the six months ended June 30:

	2023		2022
Cash flows provided (used) by:
Operating activities	$	55,525	$	130,220
Investing activities	(492)		(110,378)
Financing activities	(110,126)		(75,951)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(55,093)	$	(56,109)

Net cash provided by operating activities continues to be our primary source of funds to finance operating needs and capital expenditures. Other potential capital resources include cash on hand, public and private issuances of debt or equity securities, and bank borrowings. It is possible that our ability to access the capital and credit markets in the future may be limited by economic conditions or other factors. We currently believe that our cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities, and available credit are sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, income tax obligations, and share repurchases for at least the next twelve months.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, operating activities provided cash of $55.5 million. Operating activities that provided cash were primarily comprised of net income of $80.0 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization charges of $75.7 million, non-cash share-based compensation expense of $53.9 million and non-cash amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets of $6.6 million. Working capital, excluding cash, decreased approximately $161.2 million mainly due to the timing of higher tax payments and deferred taxes associated with IRC Section 174, higher accounts receivable from the maintenance billing cycles peaking in June, timing of bonuses payments, timing of prepaid expenses, and deferred taxes associated with stock option activity during the period. In general, changes in deferred revenue are cyclical and primarily driven by the timing of our maintenance renewal billings. Our renewal dates occur throughout the year, but our largest renewal billing cycles occur in the second and fourth quarters. In addition, subscription renewals are billed throughout the year.

Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) in accounts receivable were 112 days at June 30, 2023, compared to 115 days at December 31, 2022, and 115 days at June 30, 2022. DSO is calculated based on quarter-end accounts receivable divided by the quotient of annualized quarterly revenues divided by 360 days. The decrease in DSO compared to December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, is attributed to improved collection efforts and timing of receipts from our government partners.

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Investing activities used cash of approximately $492,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2023. We invested $10.6 million and received $37.1 million in proceeds from investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities with maturity dates ranging from 2023 through 2027. Approximately $18.8 million of software development costs were capitalized. Approximately $6.4 million was invested in property and equipment, including $3.0 million related to real estate. The remaining additions were for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of growth, particularly as we transition from our proprietary data centers to the public cloud. We paid $1.9 million primarily related to a small acquisition completed during first quarter 2023.

Financing activities used cash of $110.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily attributable to repayment of $120.0 million of term debt, partially offset by payments received from stock option exercises, net of withheld shares for taxes upon vesting of equity awards and employee stock purchase plan activity.

In February 2019, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of 1.5 million shares of our common stock. The repurchase program, which was approved by our board of directors, was originally announced in October 2002 and was amended at various times from 2003 through 2019. As of July 26, 2023, we have authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.3 million additional shares of our common stock. Our share repurchase program allows us to repurchase shares at our discretion. Market conditions influence the timing of the buybacks and the number of shares repurchased, as well as the volume of employee stock option exercises. Share repurchases are generally funded using our existing cash balances and borrowings under our credit facility and may occur through open market purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms. There is no expiration date specified for the authorization and we intend to repurchase stock from time to time.

As of June 30, 2023, we had $600.0 million in outstanding principal for the Convertible Senior Notes due 2026.

On January 28, 2023, we amended our 2021 Credit Agreement to replace the LIBOR reference rate with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) reference rate.

Under our amended 2021 Credit Agreement, we had $275 million in outstanding principal for the Term Loans, no outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility, and an available borrowing capacity of $500 million as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, we had one outstanding letter of credit totaling $1.5 million. The letter of credit, which guarantees our performance under a client contract, renews automatically annually unless canceled in writing and expires in the third quarter of 2026.

In the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, we paid interest of $12.3 million and $5.7 million. See Note 8, "Debt," to the condensed consolidated financial statements for discussions of the Convertible Senior Notes and the 2021 Credit Agreement.

We paid income taxes, net of refunds received, of $92.9 million and $24.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In the six months ended June 30, 2023, stock option exercise activity generated net tax benefits of $5.2 million and reduced tax payments accordingly, as compared to $4.7 million in the same period in 2022.

For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) eliminates the option to currently deduct research and development expenses and requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize them over five years for research activities performed in the United States and 15 years for research activities performed outside the United States pursuant to IRC Section 174. The requirement temporarily increases our U.S. federal and state cash tax payments and reduces cash flows in fiscal year 2023 and future years until the amortization deduction normalizes.

We anticipate that 2023 capital spending will be between $63 million and $65 million, including approximately $37 million of software development. We expect the majority of the other capital spending will consist of computer equipment and software for infrastructure replacements and expansion. We also expect cash tax payments to be higher as a result of IRC Section 174. Capital spending and cash tax payments are expected to be funded from existing cash balances and cash flows from operations.

From time to time we engage in discussions with potential acquisition candidates. In order to pursue such opportunities, which could require significant commitments of capital, we may be required to incur debt or to issue additional potentially dilutive securities in the future. No assurance can be given as to our future acquisition opportunities and how such opportunities will be financed.

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements and they expire from one to 11 years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to six years.

35

Other than the accelerated repayment of $120.0 million of the Term Loans under the amended 2021 Credit Agreement, there were no material changes to our future minimum contractual obligations since December 31, 2022, as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2023. Our estimated future obligations consist of debt, uncertain tax positions, leases, and purchase commitments as of June 30, 2023. Refer to Note 8, “Debt,” Note 12, “Income Tax,” Note 15, “Leases,” and Note 17, “Commitment and Contingencies,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for related discussions.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect us due to adverse changes in financial market prices and interest rates.

As of June 30, 2023, we had $275.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our amended 2021 Credit Agreement and available borrowing capacity under the 2021 Credit Agreement was $500.0 million.

In accordance with our amended 2021 Credit Agreement, the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan A-1 bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Administrative Agent’s prime commercial lending rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) (the “Base Rate”) plus a margin of 0.125% to 0.75% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 1.125% to 1.75%. The Term Loan A-2 bears interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Base Rate plus a margin of 0% to 0.5% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.5%.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the effective interest rate for our borrowings was 7.04%. Based on the aggregate outstanding principal balance under the 2021 Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2023, of $275.0 million, each quarter point change in interest rates would result in a $687,500 change in annual interest expense.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management, with the participation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

36

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

During the first quarter of 2022, we received a notice of termination for convenience under a contractual arrangement with a state government client. Upon receipt of the termination notice, we ceased performing services under the contractual arrangement and sought payment of contractually owed fees of approximately $15 million in connection with the termination for convenience.

The client was unresponsive to our outreach for several months. On August 23, 2022, we filed a lawsuit to enforce our rights and remedies under the applicable contractual arrangement, and since then have been engaged directly with the client on payment resolution. Although we believe our products and services were delivered in accordance with the terms of our contract and that we are entitled to payment in connection with the termination for convenience, at this time the matter remains unresolved. We can provide no assurances that we will not incur additional costs as we pursue our rights and remedies under the contract.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, one should carefully consider the discussion of various risks and uncertainties contained in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe those risk factors are the most relevant to our business and could cause our results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by us. Please note, however, that those are not the only risk factors facing us. Additional risks that we do not consider material, or of which we are not currently aware, may also have an adverse impact on us. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs or materializes. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline, and our shareholders may lose all or part of their investment. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material changes in the information regarding risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None

ITEM 5. Other Information

(a) Frequency of Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

At our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders voted on, among other matters, a proposal regarding the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation. As previously reported, our board of directors views an annual advisory vote on executive compensation as the most appropriate option, and more than 90 percent of the votes cast on the frequency proposal supported our board’s recommendation to hold an advisory vote to approve executive compensation on an annual basis. Accordingly, our board of directors has determined that we will hold an annual advisory vote to approve executive compensation.

(b) Trading Plans

None

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

Exhibit 3.1	Amended and Restated By-Laws of Tyler Technologies Inc., dated May 11, 2023, (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 8-K dated May 15, 2023, and incorporated by reference herein).
Exhibit 10.1*	Revised Insider Trading Policy of Tyler Technologies, Inc., dated July 20, 2023,(filed as exhibit 10.1 to our Form 10-Q dated July 26, 2023, and incorporated by reference herein).
Exhibit 31.1	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1	Certifications Pursuant Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags, including Cover Page XBRL tags, are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document.
Exhibit 101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
Exhibit 101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.LAB	Inline XBRL Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*File herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

	TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By:	/s/ Brian K. Miller
	Brian K. Miller
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(principal financial officer and an authorized signatory)

Date: July 26, 2023

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EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Insider Trading Policy

Revised July 20, 2023

TO:    All officers, directors, and employees of Tyler Technologies, Inc. (“Tyler”)

From time to time, you may have access to information about Tyler that (1) is not generally known by people outside Tyler; and (2) would be meaningful to a decision – yours or someone else’s – about whether to buy or sell Tyler stock. If you bought or sold Tyler stock when those circumstances exist, you may have engaged in what is known as “insider trading.” Foreign, federal and state securities laws prohibit insider trading, and they also regulate whether you can share Tyler’s “material non-public information” with anyone.

Tyler’s Board of Directors adopted this Insider Trading Policy (the “Policy”) to promote compliance with the securities laws that apply to you personally and to Tyler as a company. Tyler takes its obligations to avoid insider trading very seriously and expects you to as well. You should regularly review the Policy to make sure you understand these guidelines.

Remember, there are other Tyler policies that might also apply to your Tyler stock, such as Stock Ownership Guidelines and a Stock Anti-Hedging and Pledging Policy. The Policy also aligns closely with Tyler’s policy on the Protection of Confidential or Proprietary Information. You should familiarize yourself with those policies as well.

If you have any questions about the Policy or whether another policy applies to you, contact Tyler’s chief legal officer or their designee. The chief legal officer shall administer the Policy, and all determinations and interpretations of the Policy by the chief legal officer or their designee shall be final and not subject to further review.

Scope of The Policy

    The Policy applies to each of the following groups at Tyler and/or at any of Tyler’s subsidiaries:

•Corporate officers;

•Members of the Board of Directors; and

•All employees.

Please note that the Policy also applies to individuals and/or entities with a special relationship to you, as further addressed below. Tyler may also decide that the Policy applies to other audiences, such as consultants or contractors that have access to Tyler’s “material non-public information.”

1

The Policy applies to buying, selling, or making a gift of any type of Tyler stock offerings, such as:

•Common stock;

•Stock options;

•Preferred stock; and

•Convertible debentures and warrants.

The Policy also applies to derivative securities that Tyler does not issue but that a brokerage company might offer you, such as exchange-traded put or call options or swaps.

Statement of The Policy

It is Tyler’s policy that a Tyler director, officer, or other Tyler employee (or any other individual that Tyler’s chief legal officer may designate), who is aware of material non-public information may not, directly or indirectly:

•Trade in Tyler stock, except as expressly permitted under the Policy;

•Recommend that others trade in Tyler stock;

•Disclose material non-public information to (a) people within Tyler whose jobs do not require them to have that information; or (b) people outside Tyler (such as family, friends, business associates, investors or consultants), unless that disclosure is made according to Tyler’s policies on the protected or authorized external disclosure of Tyler information; or

•Assist someone to do any of the above.

In addition, if you learn material non-public information about a company with which Tyler does business or that is involved in a potential transaction with Tyler, you may not, directly or indirectly, engage in transactions in that company’s securities until the information becomes public or is no longer material.

There are no exceptions to the Policy except as explicitly articulated in the Policy. The justification for the transaction, the size of the transaction, your seniority in the company, or any other factor do not constitute an exception. Again, if you have questions, please contact Tyler’s chief legal officer.

Your Responsibilities

Each person subject to the Policy has ethical and legal responsibilities to make sure they do not disclose Tyler’s material non-public information and that they do not engage in insider trading. Those responsibilities mean that you should avoid even the appearance of improper trading in Tyler stock, and that you make sure your family members, household members, and entities you control are aware of their responsibilities and taking the same steps to ensure compliance. The question of whether you possess material non-public information is your responsibility to answer, and nothing that Tyler, its chief legal officer, or another company representative may tell you constitutes legal advice to you or absolves you of that responsibility.

2

To help you fulfill your responsibilities, please review the sections below, where we define important terms, give specific guidance around trading windows, and detail other compliance considerations. And remember: the Policy continues to apply even after you are no longer employed by Tyler. If you are in possession of Tyler material non-public information, you may not trade in Tyler stock until that information has become public or is no longer material.

Restrictions Extended to Special Relationships

The Policy does not apply to you alone. It also applies to:

•Your family members who live with you (from your spouse to your children to your parents or in-laws);

•Family members who do not live with you but whose trading in Tyler stock is directed by you or subject to your influence or control;

•Anyone else who lives with you, even if they are not a family member; and/or

•Entities that you influence or control, such as corporations, partnerships, or trusts.

Trading in Tyler stock by any of the above individuals or entities should be treated as if they were trades by you/your account for purposes of the Policy. Note, though, that the Policy does not apply to trades by the above individuals if the trading decision is made by a third party that is not controlled by, influenced by, or related to you or them.

Defining “Insider Trading” and “Material Non-Public Information”

Insider trading means taking some action related to Tyler stock while in possession of material “inside,” or nonpublic, information. Examples include:

•Buying or selling Tyler stock on the open market through a stockbroker of your choice or through an online brokerage account;

•Exercising stock options and then selling or holding underlying stock;

•Engaging in a “short sale” transaction with Tyler stock;

•Setting and/or fulfilling a “limit order” with a broker; and

•Selling Tyler stock acquired through Tyler’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (following the applicable holding periods).1

You also cannot disclose (or tip) material non-public information to another person who subsequently uses that information to trade their Tyler stock.

1It is not a violation of insider trading laws to purchase stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan pursuant to previously authorized payroll deductions.

3

Tyler’s information is considered “material” if a reasonable investor would consider that information important in making a decision to buy, hold, or sell Tyler stock. The information can be positive or negative; it is “material” if it could be expected to affect Tyler’s stock price. There is no bright-line rule for when information is or becomes “material;” the assessment is based on all the facts and circumstances at hand.

It is difficult to describe all the types of material non-public information you may possess that could cause problems with your own trading, or tipping someone else to trade Tyler stock. Some examples of Tyler’s material non-public information include information or knowledge about:

•Our undisclosed quarterly or annual earnings or other important financial information;

•Changes that have occurred or that we are making in previously disclosed financial information, including earnings estimates;

•Extraordinary losses or costs we have suffered or are about to suffer, or extraordinary earnings we have realized or are about to realize, that we have not yet shared with the public;

•A significant milestone we have achieved but have not yet discussed;

•An important contract we have entered into or are about to enter into, or an important contract that has been terminated or is about to be terminated, that we have not yet disclosed;

•A merger, acquisition, takeover, or some other corporate purchase or sale we are preparing to transact, as either the buyer or the seller;

•A plan to declare stock splits, stock dividends, or cash dividends;

•A major litigation we are named in but that is not yet public; or

•Significant changes in our management or operations that we have not yet shared with the public.

In most cases, you should presume that this type of information or similar information is “material.” If you have any questions about what information is material, or whether the information has been disclosed to the public, you should contact Tyler’s chief legal officer.

Information that has not been disclosed to the public is generally considered “non-public” information. To establish that information has been publicly disclosed, it may be necessary to show that the information has been widely disseminated, such as through a newswire service, published on a widely available platform, discussed on our earnings call, or filed with the SEC. In contrast, information that has only been shared with Tyler employees or select members of the public (such as a small number of investors or analysts) would not be considered “publicly disclosed.”

4

General Trading Limitations for All Employees

Without limiting any other statement of the Policy, all employees, officers, and directors must comply with the following restrictions:

1.You may not buy or sell Tyler stock during the period beginning on the first business day after the end of each fiscal quarter through the close of trading on the second full business day after release of the quarter’s operating results to the public. This period, known as a “blackout period,” is intended to remove any appearance that you may have traded based on material non-public information concerning the financial results.

2.If, during times other than the blackout period referred to above, you possess material non-public information, then you are prohibited from buying or selling our stock until after the close of trading on the second full business day after such material information has been released to the public.

3.You are, in all circumstances, prohibited from “short selling” Tyler common stock (or an interest in Tyler common stock) – that is, selling stock or an interest in stock that the seller does not own or that the seller has borrowed.

These restrictions also apply to family members and others living in your household, as discussed further above.

From time to time, the chief legal officer may impose an event-specific restriction on trading by designated individuals during what would otherwise be an open window to trade. During such an event, the chief legal officer will notify the persons who should not be trading, and may or may not identify the basis for the notification. Those designated individuals may only resume trading in Tyler stock when the chief legal officer notifies them that they are permitted to do so.

And remember: even if there is an open window and you are not under an event-specific restriction through the chief legal officer, if you are in possession of Tyler material non-public information, you are not permitted to trade Tyler stock.

Additional Restrictions for Directors, Executive Management, Officers and Key Employees

In addition to the general trading limitations discussed above, if you are a member of the Tyler Board of Directors, executive management of Tyler, or an officer or key employee of one of Tyler’s divisions (including the accounting personnel of such divisions), the blackout period applicable to you begins earlier than the general blackout period. Instead, it begins on the 16th day of the third month of each fiscal quarter, and it extends through the close of trading on the second full business day after release of the quarter’s operating results to the public.

5

Even during an open window, you may not buy or sell Tyler stock without prior approval from our chief legal officer, also known as “preclearance.” A request for preclearance should be submitted to the chief legal officer at least two business days in advance of the proposed transaction. When a preclearance request is made, the requestor should consider whether they are in possession of any material non-public information. The chief legal officer is under no obligation to approve a transaction submitted for preclearance, and may determine not to permit the transaction.

You must also seek preclearance from the chief legal officer if you are seeking to provide standing instructions to, or place a limit order with, a broker. Any such instruction or order must be placed during an open window, be canceled if the window closes, and limited to a short duration.

Rule 10b5-1 Plans

If a trading plan meets the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, trading in Tyler stock may occur even during blackout windows or when the plan participant is in possession of Tyler material non-public information. Directors, officers, and executive management should make an individualized determination regarding whether to put a Rule 10b5-1 plan in place. Any such plan must comply with then-current law.

If you are considering putting a plan in place, you must notify the chief legal officer at least one month before you hope to have the plan in place. The chief legal officer will provide you with Tyler’s then-current guidelines for Rule 10b5-1 plans. You should also be prepared to coordinate with the broker you will be asking to execute the plan, as each broker has unique processes and procedures for instituting a plan. Should you choose to do so, Tyler encourages you to set up a Rule 10b5-1 plan with Fidelity, the broker Tyler uses to manage Tyler stock.

In general, a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be entered into at a time when the person entering the plan is not in possession of Tyler material non-public information. Tyler does not permit a plan to be entered during a blackout period. Tyler will also require you to certify that, when you adopt the plan, you do not possess material non-public information.

Once the plan is adopted, the person must not exercise any influence over the amount of securities to be traded, the price at which they are to be traded, or the date of the trade. The plan must include a “cooling off” period before trading can commence under the plan, cannot overlap with another Rule 10b5-1 plan, and must be entered into and executed on in good faith.

In addition to requirements imposed by the SEC and applicable law, Tyler requires that:

•The trading schedule be established in the plan, and not be left to the discretion of a broker;

•If a plan is designed as a single-trade plan (ie., it is designed to effect a trade in a single transaction), that there be only one such single-trade plan during any consecutive 12-month period, except for sell-to-cover arrangements;

•You refrain from modifying, terminating, or suspending your plan during a blackout period;

6

•You submit any contemplated modifications, termination, or suspension to the chief legal officer for review and approval;

•Any trading after a modification or suspension-lift does not occur until the expiration of a waiting period defined by the chief legal officer; and

•No trading outside of the plan occurs during the term of the plan.

Once you have finalized your plan with your broker, you must submit it to the chief legal officer for approval. That submission must occur at least five business days before the intended effective date of the plan.

Securities laws require Tyler to make quarterly disclosures of officer and director trading arrangements, including any adoption, modification or termination of a Rule 10b5-1 plan, and a description of the material terms of each plan. Actual trades executed under a plan are subject to Section 16 reporting, which includes a Form 4 report filed within two (2) business days of each trade and a Form 144 filing.

Quiet Period and Regulation FD

The following individuals and/or their designee(s) are authorized to communicate with the investment community (including analysts, stockbrokers, individual and institutional stockholders):

•Board Chair, Lead Independent Director, and Committee Chairs

•Chief Executive Officer

•Chief Financial Officer

•Chief Operating Officer

•Chief Human Resources Officer

•Director, Investor Relations

•Chief Legal Officer/Corporate Secretary

To avoid the potential for selective disclosure, or even the appearance of it, Tyler will observe quiet periods prior to quarterly earnings announcements or when material changes are pending. Regular quiet periods will commence on the first day following the end of a quarter in which any financial results are known, and will end with the issuance of a news release disclosing results for the quarter just ended.

During a quiet period, Tyler will not ordinarily initiate any meetings or telephone contact with analysts or investors, but will respond to unsolicited inquiries concerning factual matters or matters that are in the public domain. If Tyler is invited to participate, during a quiet period, in investment meetings or conferences organized by others, Tyler’s chief financial officer will consult with Tyler’s chief legal officer to determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether to accept these invitations.

All Tyler earnings calls to discuss quarterly and annual financial business information shall be simultaneously broadcast over the internet and/or via telephone conference call to all interested members of the public. Advance notice of the meeting and the broadcast shall be made via press release or other compliant method of communication.

7

The earnings press release will be released to Tyler’s then-current press release service, furnished to the SEC on a Form 8-K at or prior to the commencement of the earnings call.

Guidance may be provided in the earnings press release and modifications to guidance may be provided each quarter in the earnings press release, if needed. Generally, Tyler will not update guidance or provide additional guidance during a quarter, except as deemed necessary by the CEO and CFO, and then only in a public forum in accordance with Reg FD.

What are the penalties for violating the insider trading laws or the Policy?

Tyler expects the strictest compliance with the Policy. Failure to observe the Policy may result in serious legal difficulties for you as well as Tyler. A failure to follow the letter and spirit of the Policy would be considered a matter of extreme seriousness and a basis for discipline, including termination of employment. In addition, a violation of the insider trading laws can lead to civil and criminal penalties for you personally. Those penalties can be severe, including significant fines and imprisonment. As noted in multiple areas of the Policy, if you have questions about any part of the Policy at any time, contact Tyler’s chief legal officer.

8

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, H. Lynn Moore, Jr., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Tyler Technologies, Inc.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over our financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for Tyler and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its divisions, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (The registrant’s first quarter in the case of this quarterly report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: July 26, 2023	By:	/s/ H. Lynn Moore, Jr.
		H. Lynn Moore, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Brian K. Miller, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Tyler Technologies, Inc.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over our financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for Tyler and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its divisions, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (The registrant’s first quarter in the case of this quarterly report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: July 26, 2023	By:	/s/ Brian K. Miller
		Brian K. Miller
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

H. Lynn Moore, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer of Tyler Technologies, Inc., (the “Company”) and Brian K. Miller, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

1.    The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended; and

2.    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: July 26, 2023	By:	/s/ H. Lynn Moore, Jr.
		H. Lynn Moore, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: July 26, 2023	By:	/s/ Brian K. Miller
		Brian K. Miller
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Tyler Technologies, Inc. and will be retained by Tyler Technologies, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 25, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-10485
Entity Registrant Name	TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	75-2303920
Entity Address, Address Line One	5101 TENNYSON PARKWAY
Entity Address, City or Town	PLANO
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	75024
City Area Code	972
Local Phone Number	713-3700
Title of 12(b) Security	COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUE
Trading Symbol	TYL
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		42,078,410
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Central Index Key	0000860731
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 504,279	$ 468,685	$ 976,133	$ 924,792
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	281,102	275,237	553,119	538,926
Gross profit	223,177	193,448	423,014	385,866
Sales and marketing expense	37,103	31,881	74,206	67,087
General and administrative expense	77,681	67,820	150,041	130,509
Research and development expense	28,153	23,386	55,139	47,327
Amortization of other intangibles	18,366	13,604	36,774	28,318
Operating income	61,874	56,757	106,854	112,625
Interest expense	(6,387)	(6,214)	(14,071)	(11,018)
Other income, net	643	216	1,889	581
Income before income taxes	56,130	50,759	94,672	102,188
Income tax provision	7,000	10,813	14,667	22,258
Net income	$ 49,130	$ 39,946	$ 80,005	$ 79,930
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ 1.17	$ 0.96	$ 1.91	$ 1.93
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ 1.15	$ 0.94	$ 1.87	$ 1.88
Subscriptions
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 297,789	$ 255,816	$ 578,254	$ 501,259
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	255,789	250,168	508,204	493,000
Maintenance
Revenues:
Total revenues	116,539	116,815	231,670	233,844
Professional services
Revenues:
Total revenues	66,420	71,937	127,349	141,952
Software licenses and royalties
Revenues:
Total revenues	9,779	15,009	19,909	31,515
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	2,432	1,547	4,745	2,992
Hardware and other
Revenues:
Total revenues	13,752	9,108	18,951	16,222
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	11,061	8,161	16,841	13,188
Amortization of software development
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	2,896	1,322	5,485	2,486
Amortization of acquired software
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	$ 8,924	$ 14,039	$ 17,844	$ 27,260

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 49,130	$ 39,946	$ 80,005	$ 79,930
Securities available-for-sale and transferred securities:
Change in net unrealized holding (loss) gain on available for sale securities during the period	(36)	(114)	58	(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized losses on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	0	0	0	(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available for sale securities, included in net income	1	48	1	7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(35)	(66)	59	(763)
Comprehensive income	$ 49,095	$ 39,880	$ 80,064	$ 79,167

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 118,764	$ 173,857
Accounts receivable (less allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $19,643 in 2023 and $14,761 in 2022)	638,726	577,257
Short-term investments	19,100	37,030
Prepaid expenses	70,783	50,859
Other current assets	9,507	8,239
Total current assets	856,880	847,242
Accounts receivable, long-term	8,310	8,271
Operating lease right-of-use assets	46,824	50,989
Property and equipment, net	165,721	172,786
Other assets:
Software development costs, net	61,228	48,189
Goodwill	2,489,084	2,489,308
Other intangibles, net	948,990	1,002,164
Non-current investments	10,116	18,508
Other non-current assets	48,396	49,960
Assets, Total	4,635,549	4,687,417
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	118,534	104,813
Accrued liabilities	126,557	131,941
Operating lease liabilities	11,381	10,736
Current income tax payable	1,905	43,667
Deferred revenue	565,840	568,538
Current portion of term loans	30,000	30,000
Total current liabilities	854,217	889,695
Term loans, net	243,729	362,905
Convertible senior notes due 2026, net	595,345	594,484
Deferred revenue, long-term	1,164	2,037
Deferred income taxes	109,247	148,891
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	44,483	48,049
Other long-term liabilities	19,113	16,967
Total liabilities	1,867,298	2,063,028
Commitments and contingencies	0	0
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $10.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	481	481
Additional paid-in capital	1,272,315	1,209,725
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(785)	(844)
Retained earnings	1,517,859	1,437,854
Treasury stock, at cost; 6,081,263 and 6,364,991 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively	(21,619)	(22,827)
Total shareholders' equity	2,768,251	2,624,389
Liabilities and Equity, Total	$ 4,635,549	$ 4,687,417

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 19,643	$ 14,761
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 10.00	$ 10.00
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	48,147,969	48,147,969
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,147,969	48,147,969
Treasury stock (in shares)	6,081,263	6,364,991

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 80,005	$ 79,930
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	75,748	75,866
Losses (gains) from sale of investments	2	(53)
Share-based compensation expense	53,924	51,079
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	6,569	5,104
Deferred income tax benefit	(39,665)	(19,136)
Other	445	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effects of acquired companies:
Accounts receivable	(51,508)	(73,396)
Income tax payable	(41,762)	15,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(20,122)	(6,033)
Accounts payable	13,721	9,130
Operating lease liabilities	(5,324)	(6,522)
Accrued liabilities	(15,083)	(24,723)
Deferred revenue	(3,571)	17,474
Other long-term liabilities	2,146	5,914
Net cash provided by operating activities	55,525	130,220
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment	(6,370)	(12,757)
Purchase of marketable security investments	(10,617)	(4,592)
Proceeds and maturities from marketable security investments	37,107	40,595
Investment in software development	(18,753)	(16,463)
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(1,875)	(117,313)
Other	16	152
Net cash used by investing activities	(492)	(110,378)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment on term loans	(120,000)	(80,000)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of withheld shares for taxes upon equity award settlement	2,123	(4,107)
Contributions from employee stock purchase plan	7,751	8,156
Net cash used by financing activities	(110,126)	(75,951)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(55,093)	(56,109)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	173,857	309,171
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	118,764	253,062
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	12,286	5,716
Cash paid for income taxes, net	92,933	24,286
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Non-cash additions to property and equipment	$ 368	$ 84

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 2,324,032	$ 481	$ 1,075,650	$ (46)	$ 1,273,614	$ (25,667)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021						(6,833,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	79,930				79,930
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(763)			(763)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	16,223		(5,897)			$ 22,120
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						279,000
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	(20,330)					$ (20,330)
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement (in shares)						(50,000)
Stock compensation	51,079		51,079
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	8,156		7,989			$ 167
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan (in shares)						20,000
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	2,458,327	$ 481	1,128,821	(809)	1,353,544	$ (23,710)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022						(6,584,000)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	2,387,734	$ 481	1,098,933	(743)	1,313,598	$ (24,535)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022						(6,697,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	39,946				39,946
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(66)			(66)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	8,178		(288)			$ 8,466
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						122,000
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	(7,743)					$ (7,743)
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement (in shares)						(21,000)
Stock compensation	25,800		25,800
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	4,478		4,376			$ 102
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan (in shares)						12,000
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	2,458,327	$ 481	1,128,821	(809)	1,353,544	$ (23,710)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022						(6,584,000)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2,624,389	$ 481	1,209,725	(844)	1,437,854	$ (22,827)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	48,147,969	48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	(6,364,991)					(6,365,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	$ 80,005				80,005
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	59			59
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	20,867		1,023			$ 19,844
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						309,000
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	(18,744)					$ (18,744)
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement (in shares)						(52,000)
Stock compensation	53,924		53,924
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	7,751		7,643			$ 108
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan (in shares)						27,000
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 2,768,251	$ 481	1,272,315	(785)	1,517,859	$ (21,619)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	48,147,969	48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	(6,081,263)					(6,081,000)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 2,686,133	$ 481	1,239,945	(750)	1,468,729	$ (22,272)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023						(6,244,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	49,130				49,130
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(35)			(35)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	12,734		1,692			$ 11,042
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						173,000
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	(10,452)					$ (10,452)
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement (in shares)						(26,000)
Stock compensation	26,028		26,028
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	4,713		4,650			$ 63
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan (in shares)						16,000
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 2,768,251	$ 481	$ 1,272,315	$ (785)	$ 1,517,859	$ (21,619)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	48,147,969	48,148,000
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	(6,081,263)					(6,081,000)

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Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements following the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted for interim periods. Balance sheet amounts are as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and operating result amounts are for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary for the fair summarized presentation of our financial position and operating results. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read the financial statements and notes included in our latest Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be the same as those for the full year. Certain amounts for the previous year have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. As of January 1, 2023, we have elected to no longer report the appraisal services revenue and related costs as separate categories in the statement of income due to less significance on our overall operating results. Therefore, we have combined the appraisal services revenue category with the professional services revenue category; and the related cost of revenue category for appraisal services is now combined with the cost of revenue category related to subscriptions, maintenance and professional services on the condensed consolidated statements of income for all reporting periods presented.

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all components of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we had approximately $35,000 of other comprehensive loss and $59,000 of other comprehensive income, net of taxes, from our available-for-sale investment holdings and $66,000 and $763,000 of other comprehensive loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

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Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2023, that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. See Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Nature of Products and Services

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We earn the majority of our revenues from subscription-based services and post-contract customer support (“PCS” or “maintenance”). Other sources of revenue are professional services, software licenses and royalties, and hardware and other. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

Subscriptions revenue consists of revenue derived from our software as a service ("SaaS") arrangements and transaction-based fees primarily related to digital government services and payment processing. We also provide electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”) that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements. For transaction-based fees, we have the right to charge the customer an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of our performance to date. Therefore, we recognize revenue for these services over time based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the 'as invoiced' practical expedient in ASC 606-10-55-18. In some cases, we are paid on a fixed fee basis and recognize the revenue ratably over the contractual period. Typically, the structure of our arrangements does not give rise to variable consideration. However, in those instances whereby variable consideration exists, we include in our estimates, additional revenue for variable consideration when we believe we have an enforceable right, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable.

Other software arrangements with customers contain multiple performance obligations that range from software licenses, installation, training, and consulting to software modification and customization to meet specific customer needs (services), hosting, and PCS. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately when they are distinct. We evaluate whether separate performance obligations can be distinct or should be accounted for as one performance obligation. Arrangements that include professional services, such as training or installation, are evaluated to determine whether those services are highly interdependent or interrelated to the product’s functionality. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. For arrangements that involve significant production, modification, or customization of the software, or where professional services otherwise cannot be considered distinct, we recognize revenue as control is transferred to the customer over time using progress-to-completion methods. Depending on the contract, we measure progress-to-completion primarily using labor hours incurred, or value added. Amounts recognized in revenue are calculated using the progress-to-completion measurement after giving effect to any changes in our cost estimates. Changes to total estimated contract costs, if any, are recorded in the period they are determined. Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which we first determine that a loss is apparent.

Revenue is recognized net of allowances for sales adjustments and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Refer to Note 4, “Disaggregation of Revenue,” for further information, including the economic factors that affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows of our various revenue categories.

Contract Balances:

Accounts receivable and allowance for losses and sales adjustments

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record an unbilled receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or deferred revenue when invoicing occurs prior to revenue recognition. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. We record an unbilled receivable related to revenue recognized for on-premises licenses as we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future related to those licenses.

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, total current and long-term accounts receivable, net of allowance for losses and sales adjustments, was $647.0 million and $585.5 million, respectively. We have recorded unbilled receivables of $127.1 million and $135.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Included in unbilled receivables are retention receivables of $9.2 million and $8.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which become payable upon the completion of the contract or completion of our fieldwork and formal hearings. Unbilled receivables expected to be collected within one year have been included with accounts receivable, current portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled receivables and retention receivables expected to be collected past one year have been included with accounts receivable, long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We maintain allowances for losses and sales adjustments, which are recorded against revenue at the time the loss is incurred. Since most of our clients are domestic governmental entities, we rarely incur a credit loss resulting from the inability of a client to make required payments. Events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount for the allowances for losses and sales adjustments may require revision, include, but are not limited to, managing our client’s expectations regarding the scope of the services to be delivered and defects or errors in new versions or enhancements of our software products. Our allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $19.6 million and $14.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, does not include provisions for credit losses. Because we rarely experience credit losses with our clients, we have not recorded a material reserve for credit losses.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTSThere were no new not yet adopted accounting pronouncements currently issued that would affect the Company or have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations in future periods.

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Segment and Related Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment and Related Information

Segment and Related Information

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector.

We provide our software systems and related professional services through six business units, which focus on the following products:

•financial management, education and planning, regulatory, and maintenance software solutions;

•financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory, and maintenance software solutions;

•courts and justice and public safety software solutions;

•property and recording solutions;

•platform solutions including case management and business process management; and

•digital solutions including payments and government services.

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, we report our results in two reportable segments. The Enterprise Software ("ES") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management and education; planning, regulatory and maintenance; courts and justice; public safety; and property and recording solutions. The Platform Technologies ("PT") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software solutions to perform transaction processing, streamline data processing, and improve operations and workflows such as platform solutions and digital solutions.

We evaluate performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. We define segment operating income for our business units as income before non-cash amortization of intangible assets associated with their acquisitions, interest expense, and income taxes. Segment operating income includes intercompany transactions. The majority of intercompany transactions relate to contracts involving more than one unit and are valued based on the contractual arrangement. Corporate segment operating loss primarily consists of compensation costs for the executive management team, certain shared services staff, and share-based compensation expense for the entire company. Corporate segment operating loss also includes revenues and expenses related to a company-wide user conference.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	115,877	$	15,579	$	—	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	38,677		127,656		—		166,333
Maintenance	109,953		6,586		—		116,539
Professional services	55,256		11,164		—		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	9,479		300		—		9,779
Hardware and other	6,381		—		7,371		13,752
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279
Segment operating income (loss)	$	111,185	$	38,797	$	(60,818)	$	89,164

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	97,703	$	11,802	$	—	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	30,991		115,320		—		146,311
Maintenance	110,760		6,055		—		116,815
Professional services	50,653		21,284		—		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	14,623		386		—		15,009
Hardware and other	5,498		—		3,610		9,108
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685
Segment operating income (loss)	$	102,090	$	36,301	$	(53,991)	$	84,400

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	226,919	$	31,132	$	—	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	76,049		244,154		—		320,203
Maintenance	220,035		11,635		—		231,670
Professional services	106,755		20,594		—		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	17,547		2,362		—		19,909
Hardware and other	11,580		—		7,371		18,951
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133
Segment operating income (loss)	$	211,165	$	68,335	$	(118,028)	$	161,472

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	188,474	$	22,813	$	—	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	60,536		229,436		—		289,972
Maintenance	221,455		12,389		—		233,844
Professional services	101,820		40,132		—		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	30,728		787		—		31,515
Hardware and other	12,612		—		3,610		16,222
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792
Segment operating income (loss)	$	208,619	$	67,034	$	(107,450)	$	168,203

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated totals:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total segment operating income	$	89,164	$	84,400	$	161,472	$	168,203
Amortization of acquired software	(8,924)		(14,039)		(17,844)		(27,260)
Amortization of other intangibles	(18,366)		(13,604)		(36,774)		(28,318)
Interest expense	(6,387)		(6,214)		(14,071)		(11,018)
Other income, net	643		216		1,889		581
Income before income taxes	$	56,130	$	50,759	$	94,672	$	102,188

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Disaggregation of Revenue

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	131,456	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	—		166,333		166,333
Maintenance	—		116,539		116,539
Professional services	—		66,420		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	8,793		986		9,779
Hardware and other	13,752		—		13,752
Total	$	22,545	$	481,734	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	109,505	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	—		146,311		146,311
Maintenance	—		116,815		116,815
Professional services	—		71,937		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	12,683		2,326		15,009
Hardware and other	9,108		—		9,108
Total	$	21,791	$	446,894	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	258,051	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	—		320,203		320,203
Maintenance	—		231,670		231,670
Professional services	—		127,349		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	18,074		1,835		19,909
Hardware and other	18,951		—		18,951
Total	$	37,025	$	939,108	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	211,287	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	—		289,972		289,972
Maintenance	—		233,844		233,844
Professional services	—		141,952		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	26,752		4,763		31,515
Hardware and other	16,222		—		16,222
Total	$	42,974	$	881,818	$	924,792

Recurring Revenues

The majority of our revenue is comprised of revenues from subscriptions and maintenance, which we consider to be recurring revenues. Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenues derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees, which relate to digital government services, e-filing transactions, and payment processing. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenues. That maintenance and support is generally provided under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. We consider all other revenue categories to be non-recurring revenues.

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	264,507	$	149,821	$	—	$	414,328
Non-recurring revenues	71,116		11,464		7,371		89,951
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	239,454	$	133,177	$	—	$	372,631
Non-recurring revenues	70,774		21,670		3,610		96,054
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	523,003	$	286,921	$	—	$	809,924
Non-recurring revenues	135,882		22,956		7,371		166,209
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	470,465	$	264,638	$	—	$	735,103
Non-recurring revenues	145,160		40,919		3,610		189,689
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Enterprise Software	$	536,663	$	533,902
Platform Technologies	28,591		33,691
Corporate	1,750		2,982
Totals	$	567,004	$	570,575

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows:

	Six months ended June 30, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	570,575
Deferral of revenue	662,311
Recognition of deferred revenue	(665,882)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	567,004

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“backlog”), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of June 30, 2023, was $1.90 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately 46% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

Deferred CommissionsSales commissions earned by our salesforce are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be generally three to seven years. Deferred commissions were $44.9 million and $43.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense was $4.3 million and $8.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $3.7 million and $7.2 million for the three and six months ended 2022, respectively. There were no indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

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Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	131,456	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	—		166,333		166,333
Maintenance	—		116,539		116,539
Professional services	—		66,420		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	8,793		986		9,779
Hardware and other	13,752		—		13,752
Total	$	22,545	$	481,734	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	109,505	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	—		146,311		146,311
Maintenance	—		116,815		116,815
Professional services	—		71,937		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	12,683		2,326		15,009
Hardware and other	9,108		—		9,108
Total	$	21,791	$	446,894	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	258,051	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	—		320,203		320,203
Maintenance	—		231,670		231,670
Professional services	—		127,349		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	18,074		1,835		19,909
Hardware and other	18,951		—		18,951
Total	$	37,025	$	939,108	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	211,287	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	—		289,972		289,972
Maintenance	—		233,844		233,844
Professional services	—		141,952		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	26,752		4,763		31,515
Hardware and other	16,222		—		16,222
Total	$	42,974	$	881,818	$	924,792

Recurring Revenues

The majority of our revenue is comprised of revenues from subscriptions and maintenance, which we consider to be recurring revenues. Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenues derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees, which relate to digital government services, e-filing transactions, and payment processing. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenues. That maintenance and support is generally provided under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. We consider all other revenue categories to be non-recurring revenues.

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	264,507	$	149,821	$	—	$	414,328
Non-recurring revenues	71,116		11,464		7,371		89,951
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	239,454	$	133,177	$	—	$	372,631
Non-recurring revenues	70,774		21,670		3,610		96,054
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	523,003	$	286,921	$	—	$	809,924
Non-recurring revenues	135,882		22,956		7,371		166,209
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	470,465	$	264,638	$	—	$	735,103
Non-recurring revenues	145,160		40,919		3,610		189,689
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Enterprise Software	$	536,663	$	533,902
Platform Technologies	28,591		33,691
Corporate	1,750		2,982
Totals	$	567,004	$	570,575

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows:

	Six months ended June 30, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	570,575
Deferral of revenue	662,311
Recognition of deferred revenue	(665,882)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	567,004

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“backlog”), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of June 30, 2023, was $1.90 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately 46% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

Deferred CommissionsSales commissions earned by our salesforce are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be generally three to seven years. Deferred commissions were $44.9 million and $43.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense was $4.3 million and $8.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $3.7 million and $7.2 million for the three and six months ended 2022, respectively. There were no indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

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Deferred Commissions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Deferred Commissions

Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	131,456	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	—		166,333		166,333
Maintenance	—		116,539		116,539
Professional services	—		66,420		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	8,793		986		9,779
Hardware and other	13,752		—		13,752
Total	$	22,545	$	481,734	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	109,505	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	—		146,311		146,311
Maintenance	—		116,815		116,815
Professional services	—		71,937		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	12,683		2,326		15,009
Hardware and other	9,108		—		9,108
Total	$	21,791	$	446,894	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	258,051	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	—		320,203		320,203
Maintenance	—		231,670		231,670
Professional services	—		127,349		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	18,074		1,835		19,909
Hardware and other	18,951		—		18,951
Total	$	37,025	$	939,108	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	211,287	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	—		289,972		289,972
Maintenance	—		233,844		233,844
Professional services	—		141,952		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	26,752		4,763		31,515
Hardware and other	16,222		—		16,222
Total	$	42,974	$	881,818	$	924,792

Recurring Revenues

The majority of our revenue is comprised of revenues from subscriptions and maintenance, which we consider to be recurring revenues. Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenues derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees, which relate to digital government services, e-filing transactions, and payment processing. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenues. That maintenance and support is generally provided under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. We consider all other revenue categories to be non-recurring revenues.

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	264,507	$	149,821	$	—	$	414,328
Non-recurring revenues	71,116		11,464		7,371		89,951
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	239,454	$	133,177	$	—	$	372,631
Non-recurring revenues	70,774		21,670		3,610		96,054
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	523,003	$	286,921	$	—	$	809,924
Non-recurring revenues	135,882		22,956		7,371		166,209
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	470,465	$	264,638	$	—	$	735,103
Non-recurring revenues	145,160		40,919		3,610		189,689
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Enterprise Software	$	536,663	$	533,902
Platform Technologies	28,591		33,691
Corporate	1,750		2,982
Totals	$	567,004	$	570,575

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows:

	Six months ended June 30, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	570,575
Deferral of revenue	662,311
Recognition of deferred revenue	(665,882)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	567,004

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“backlog”), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of June 30, 2023, was $1.90 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately 46% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

Deferred CommissionsSales commissions earned by our salesforce are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be generally three to seven years. Deferred commissions were $44.9 million and $43.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense was $4.3 million and $8.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $3.7 million and $7.2 million for the three and six months ended 2022, respectively. There were no indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

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Acquisitions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

On October 31, 2022, we acquired Rapid Financial Solutions, LLC (Rapid), a provider of reliable, scalable, and secure payments with best-in-class card issuance and digital disbursement capabilities. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $2.2 million, was approximately $67.4 million, consisting of $51.5 million paid in cash and $18.2 million of common stock.

We have performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of Rapid’s assets and liabilities. In connection with this transaction, we acquired total tangible assets of $12.9 million and assumed liabilities of approximately $10.6 million. In the first quarter of 2023, we recorded $10.0 million for assumed liabilities related to litigation outstanding at the time of acquisition as the amount became probable and estimable and a related $10.0 million indemnification receivable from escrowed amounts established at acquisition. We recorded goodwill of approximately $40.0 million, all of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes, and other identifiable intangible assets of approximately $27.6 million. The goodwill arising from this acquisition is primarily attributed to our ability to generate increased revenues, earnings and cash flow by expanding our addressable market and client base. The $27.6 million of intangible assets are attributable to customer relationships, acquired software, and trade name and will be amortized over a weighted average period of approximately 10 years.

The operating results of Rapid are included with the operating results of the Platform Technologies segment since its date of acquisition and the impact of this acquisition on our operating results, assets, and liabilities is not material.

As of June 30, 2023, the purchase price allocation for Rapid is not final; therefore, certain preliminary valuation estimates of fair value assumed at the acquisition date for intangible assets, receivables, and related deferred taxes are subject to change as valuations are finalized. Our balance sheet as of June 30, 2023, reflects the allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired based on their estimated fair value at the date of the acquisition. The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired are based on valuations using Level 3 unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred fees of approximately $72,000 for financial advisory, legal, accounting, due diligence, valuation, and other various services necessary to complete acquisitions.

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The following table summarizes our total outstanding borrowings related to the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes:

	Rate	Maturity Date	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving credit facility	S + 1.50%	April 2026	$	—	$	—
Term Loan A-1	S + 1.50%	April 2026	250,000		290,000
Term Loan A-2	S + 1.25%	April 2024	25,000		105,000
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	0.25%	March 2026	600,000		600,000
Total borrowings			875,000		995,000
Less: unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs			(5,926)		(7,611)
Total borrowings, net			869,074		987,389
Less: current portion of debt			(30,000)		(30,000)
Carrying value			$	839,074	$	957,389

2021 Credit Agreement

In connection with the completion of the acquisition of NIC, Inc. on April 21, 2021, we, as borrower, entered into a new $1.4 billion Credit Agreement (the “2021 Credit Agreement”) with the various lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender, and Issuing Lender. The 2021 Credit Agreement provides for (1) a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $500 million, including sub-facilities for standby letters of credit and swingline loans (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), (2) an amortizing five-year term loan in the aggregate amount of $600 million (the “Term Loan A-1”), and (3) a non-amortizing three-year term loan in the aggregate amount of $300 million (the “Term Loan A-2”) and, together (the “Term Loans”). The 2021 Credit Agreement matures on April 20, 2026, and the loans may be prepaid at any time, without premium or penalty, subject to certain minimum amounts and payment of any breakage costs. In addition to the required amortization payments on the Term Loan A-1 of 5% annually, certain mandatory quarterly prepayments of the Term Loans and the Revolving Credit Facility will be required (i) upon the issuance or incurrence of additional debt not otherwise permitted under the 2021 Credit Agreement and (ii) upon the occurrence of certain asset sales and insurance and condemnation recoveries, subject to certain thresholds, baskets, and reinvestment provisions as provided in the 2021 Credit Agreement.

On January 28, 2023, we amended our 2021 Credit Agreement to replace the LIBOR reference rate with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) reference rate.

In accordance with our amended 2021 Credit Agreement, the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan A-1 bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Administrative Agent’s prime commercial lending rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) (the “Base Rate”) plus a margin of 0.125% to 0.75% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 1.125% to 1.75%. The Term Loan A-2 bears interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Base Rate plus a margin of 0% to 0.5% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.5%. The margin in each case is based upon the Company’s total net leverage ratio, as determined pursuant to the 2021 Credit Agreement. In addition to paying interest on the outstanding principal of loans under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, currently 0.25% per annum, ranging from 0.15% to 0.3% based upon the Company’s total net leverage ratio.

The amended 2021 Credit Agreement requires us to maintain certain financial ratios and other financial conditions and prohibits us from making certain investments, advances, cash dividends or loans, and limits incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with those covenants.

The carrying amount is the par value of the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans less the debt discount and debt issuance costs that are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the Term Loans. Interest expense is included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2026

On March 9, 2021, we issued 0.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 in the aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million (“the Convertible Senior Notes” or “the Notes”). The Convertible Senior Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated as of March 9, 2021, with U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes were $591.4 million, net of initial purchasers’ discounts of $6.0 million and debt issuance costs of $2.6 million.

The Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with our future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to our future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to our future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent we are not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of our subsidiaries.

The Convertible Senior Notes accrue interest at a rate of 0.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2021. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on March 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted.

Before September 15, 2025, holders of the Convertible Senior Notes have the right to convert their Convertible Senior Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. Under the terms of the Indenture, the Convertible Senior Notes are convertible into common stock of Tyler Technologies, Inc. (referred to as “our common stock” herein) at the following times or circumstances:

•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ended June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter;

•during the five consecutive business days immediately after any five consecutive trading day period (such five consecutive trading day period, the “Measurement Period”) if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes, as determined following a request by their holder in accordance with the procedures in the Indenture, for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day;

•upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our common stock, including but not limited to a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture);

•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events; or

•on or after September 15, 2025, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, March 15, 2026.

With certain exceptions, upon a change of control or other fundamental change (both as defined in the Indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes), the holders of the Convertible Senior Notes may require us to repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

As of June 30, 2023, none of the conditions allowing holders of the Convertible Senior Notes to convert have been met.

From and including September 15, 2025, holders of the Convertible Senior Notes may convert their Convertible Senior Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. We will settle any conversions of the Convertible Senior Notes either entirely in cash or in a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. However, upon conversion of any Convertible Senior Notes, the conversion value, which will be determined over an “Observation Period” (as defined in the Indenture) consisting of 30 trading days, will be paid in cash up to at least the principal amount of the Notes being converted.

The initial conversion rate is 2.0266 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $493.44 per share of common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time.

The Convertible Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option at any time, and from time to time, on or after March 15, 2024 and on or before the 30th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price of the Notes on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date we send such notice. In addition, calling any Note for redemption constitutes a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

Effective Interest

The weighted average interest rates for the borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 were 6.68% and 0.25%, as of June 30, 2023, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the effective interest rates for our borrowings were 7.04% and 0.54% for the 2021 Credit Agreement and the Convertible Senior Notes, respectively. The following sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes and is included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense - Revolving Credit Facility	$	(625)	$	(315)	$	(937)	$	(628)
Contractual interest expense - Term Loans	(4,565)		(4,375)		(10,206)		(7,369)
Contractual interest expense - Convertible Senior Notes	(375)		(375)		(750)		(750)
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	(822)		(1,149)		(2,178)		(2,271)
Total	$	(6,387)	$	(6,214)	$	(14,071)	$	(11,018)

As of June 30, 2023, we had one outstanding standalone letter of credit totaling $1.5 million. The letter of credit, which guarantees our performance under a client contract, renews automatically annually unless canceled in writing, and expires in the third quarter of 2026. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we repaid $120.0 million of the Term Loans under the 2021 Credit Agreement.

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Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments

The following table presents our financial instruments:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,764	$	173,857
Available-for-sale investments	29,216		55,538
Equity investments	10,000		10,000
Total	$	157,980	$	239,395

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, for which we determine fair value through quoted market prices.

Our available-for-sale investments primarily consist of investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and asset-backed securities with maturity dates through 2027. These investments are presented at fair value and are included in short-term investments and non-current investments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains or losses associated with the investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of comprehensive income. For our available-for-sale investments, we do not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that we would be required to sell before recovery of their cost basis.

As of June 30, 2023, we have an accrued interest receivable balance of approximately $102,000 which is included in accounts receivable, net. We do not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. We record any losses within the maturity period or at the time of sale of the investment and any write-offs to accrued interest receivables are recorded as a reduction to interest income in the period of the loss. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we have recorded no credit losses for accrued interest receivables. Interest income and amortization of discounts and premiums are included in other income, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents the components of our available-for-sale investments:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Amortized cost	$	30,269	$	56,670
Unrealized gains	—		16
Unrealized losses	(1,053)		(1,148)
Estimated fair value	$	29,216	$	55,538

As of June 30, 2023, we have $19.1 million of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities of one year or less and $10.1 million with contractual maturities great than one year. As of June 30, 2023, six available-for-sale debt securities with a fair value of $6.1 million have been in a loss position for one year or less and 27 securities with a fair value of $20.9 million have been in a loss position for greater than one year.

The following table presents the activity on our available-for-sale investments:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sales and maturities	$	14,132	$	17,923	$	37,107	$	40,595
Realized losses on sales, net of tax	(1)		(48)		(1)		(7)

Our equity investments consist of an 18% interest in BFTR, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bison Capital Partners V L.P. BFTR, LLC is a privately held Australian company specializing in digitizing the spoken word in court and legal proceedings. The investment in common stock is carried at cost less any impairment write-downs because we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee and the securities do not have readily determinable fair values

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in the balances of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax by component:

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(750)	$	—	$	(750)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(36)		—		(36)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1		—		1
Other comprehensive loss	(35)		—		(35)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(785)	$	—	$	(785)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	(743)	$	—	$	(743)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(114)		—		(114)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	48		—		48
Other comprehensive loss	(66)		—		(66)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	(809)	$	—	$	(809)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(844)	$	—	$	(844)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	58		—		58
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1		—		1
Other comprehensive income	59		—		59
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(785)	$	—	$	(785)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(46)	$	—	$	(46)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(743)		—		(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized losses on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	(27)		—		(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	7		—		7
Other comprehensive loss	(763)		—		(763)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	(809)	$	—	$	(809)

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Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. Guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of inputs used in measuring fair value defined as follows:

•Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in non-active markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are not directly observable, but are corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable and are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment.

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the least reliable level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. We also consider the counterparty and our own non-performance risk in our assessment of fair value.

The following table presents fair values of our financial and debt instruments categorized by their fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Available-for-sale investments	$	29,216	$	—	$	—	$	29,216
Equity investments	—		—		10,000		10,000
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility	—		—		—		—
Term Loan A-1	—		248,788		—		248,788
Term Loan A-2	—		24,942		—		24,942
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	—		615,564		—		615,564

Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, short-term obligations and certain other assets at cost approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2023, we have $29.2 million in investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities with maturity dates through 2027. The fair values of these securities are considered Level 1 as they are based on inputs from unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

As of June 30, 2023, we have an 18% interest in BFTR, LLC. As we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee and the securities do not have readily determinable fair values, our investment is carried at cost less any impairment write-downs. Periodically, our investment is assessed for impairment. We do not reassess the fair value of the investments if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investments. No events or changes in circumstances have occurred during the period that require reassessment. There has been no impairment of this investment for the periods presented. This investment is included in other non-current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We assess goodwill for impairment annually on October 1. In addition, we review goodwill, property and equipment, and other intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed our annual assessment of goodwill which did not result in an impairment charge. Further, we identified no indicators of impairment to long-lived and other assets and therefore, no impairment was recorded as of and for the period ended June 30, 2023.

Financial instruments measured at fair value only for disclosure purposes

The fair value of our borrowing under our amended 2021 Credit Agreement would approximate book value as of June 30, 2023, because our interest rates reset approximately every 30 days or less.

The carrying amount of the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans is the par value less the debt discount and debt issuance costs that are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the Term Loans. Interest expense is included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

The fair value of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 is determined based on quoted market prices for a similar liability when traded as an asset in an active market, a Level 2 input. See Note 8, “Debt,” for further discussion.

The carrying amount of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 is the par value less the debt discount and debt issuance costs that are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. Interest expense is included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents the fair value and carrying value, net, of the 2021 Credit Agreement and our Convertible Notes due 2026):

	Fair Value at				Carrying Value at
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Term Loan A-1	248,788		288,302		248,788		288,302
Term Loan A-2	24,942		104,603		24,942		104,603
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	615,564		560,910		595,344		594,484
	$	889,294	$	953,815	$	869,074	$	987,389

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Income Tax Provision

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Provision

Income Tax Provision

We had an effective income tax rate of 12.5% and 15.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 21.3% and 21.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the prior periods, was principally driven by an increase in research tax credit benefits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, partially offset by an increase in liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rates for the periods presented were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to research tax credits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, offset by state income taxes, liabilities for uncertain tax positions, and non-deductible business expenses.

For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) eliminates the option to currently deduct research and development expenses and requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize them over five years for research activities performed in the United States and 15 years for research activities performed outside the United States pursuant to IRC Section 174. The requirement temporarily increases our U.S. federal and state cash tax payments and reduces cash flows in fiscal year 2023 and future years until the amortization deduction normalizes.

We made income tax payments of $92.9 million and $24.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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Share-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, pursuant to ASC 718, Stock Compensation:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services	$	6,437	$	6,867	$	12,779	$	13,639
Sales and marketing expense	2,367		2,224		4,760		4,364
General and administrative expense	17,224		16,709		36,385		33,076
Total share-based compensation expense	$	26,028	$	25,800	$	53,924	$	51,079

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Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The following table details the reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	49,130	$	39,946	$	80,005	$	79,930
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	41,980		41,500		41,987		41,499
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:
Stock awards	771		821		723		950
Convertible Senior Notes	—		—		—		—
Denominator for diluted earnings per share    - Adjusted weighted-average shares	42,751		42,321		42,710		42,449
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.17	$	0.96	$	1.91	$	1.93
Diluted	$	1.15	$	0.94	$	1.87	$	1.88

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, stock awards, representing the right to purchase common stock of approximately 344,000 and 423,000 shares and 486,000 and 350,000 shares, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an antidilutive effect. 

We have used the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 on our diluted net income per share. Under the if-converted method, the Notes are assumed to be converted at the beginning of the period and the resulting common shares are included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation for the entire period being presented and interest expense, net of tax, recorded in connection with the Convertible Senior Notes is not added back to the numerator, only in the periods in which such effect is dilutive. The approximately 1.2 million remaining resulting common shares related to the Notes are not included in the dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, as their effect would be antidilutive given none of the conversion features have been triggered. See Note 8, “Debt,” for discussion on the conversion features related to the Convertible Senior Notes.

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements with maturities between one to 11 years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to six years. We have no finance leases and one related party lessor agreement (see Note 16, "Related party transactions") as of June 30, 2023. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred lease restructuring costs, resulting in zero and $1.4 million of operating lease costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred lease restructuring costs of zero and $1.0 million of operating lease costs.

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	3,119	$	2,586	$	7,510	$	6,008
Short-term lease cost	513		488		1,036		994
Variable lease cost	216		204		536		574
Net lease cost	$	3,848	$	3,278	$	9,082	$	7,576

Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:

Other Information	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	5,873		$	7,238
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$	2,391		$	6,606
Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6.9			5.8
Weighted average discount rate	1.60		%	1.64		%

Rental Income from third parties

We own office buildings in Bangor, Falmouth, and Yarmouth, Maine; Lubbock and Plano, Texas; Troy, Michigan; Latham, New York; and Moraine, Ohio. We lease space in some of these buildings to third-party tenants. The property we lease to others under operating leases consists primarily of specific facilities where one tenant obtains substantially all of the economic benefit from the asset and has the right to direct the use of the asset. These non-cancelable leases expire between 2023 and 2028, and some have options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. None of our leases allow the lessee to purchase the leased asset.

Rental income from third-party tenants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $545,000 and $1.0 million, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 totaled $493,000 and $798,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, future minimum operating rental income based on contractual agreements is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (Remaining)	$	1,133
2024	3,049
2025	2,317
2026	1,171
2027	913
Thereafter	733
Total	$	9,316

Leases

Leases

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements with maturities between one to 11 years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to six years. We have no finance leases and one related party lessor agreement (see Note 16, "Related party transactions") as of June 30, 2023. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred lease restructuring costs, resulting in zero and $1.4 million of operating lease costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred lease restructuring costs of zero and $1.0 million of operating lease costs.

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	3,119	$	2,586	$	7,510	$	6,008
Short-term lease cost	513		488		1,036		994
Variable lease cost	216		204		536		574
Net lease cost	$	3,848	$	3,278	$	9,082	$	7,576

Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:

Other Information	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	5,873		$	7,238
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$	2,391		$	6,606
Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6.9			5.8
Weighted average discount rate	1.60		%	1.64		%

Rental Income from third parties

We own office buildings in Bangor, Falmouth, and Yarmouth, Maine; Lubbock and Plano, Texas; Troy, Michigan; Latham, New York; and Moraine, Ohio. We lease space in some of these buildings to third-party tenants. The property we lease to others under operating leases consists primarily of specific facilities where one tenant obtains substantially all of the economic benefit from the asset and has the right to direct the use of the asset. These non-cancelable leases expire between 2023 and 2028, and some have options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. None of our leases allow the lessee to purchase the leased asset.

Rental income from third-party tenants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $545,000 and $1.0 million, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 totaled $493,000 and $798,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, future minimum operating rental income based on contractual agreements is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (Remaining)	$	1,133
2024	3,049
2025	2,317
2026	1,171
2027	913
Thereafter	733
Total	$	9,316

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Related Party Transactions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party TransactionsIn April 2023, we entered into an arm's length lessor agreement with a company co-owned by a member of the Company’s board of directors for 25,000 square feet of office space in our Lubbock, Texas, facility. The lease agreement, which commenced on April 1, 2023, has an initial term of five years with a pro-rata base rent of $25,000 per month until December 1, 2023, and a base rent of $60,000 per month thereafter. We recognized rental income of $75,000 under this lease for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

During the first quarter of 2022, we received a notice of termination for convenience under a contractual arrangement with a state government client. Upon receipt of the termination notice, we ceased performing services under the contractual arrangement and sought payment of contractually owed fees of approximately $15 million in connection with the termination for convenience.

The client was unresponsive to our outreach for several months. On August 23, 2022, we filed a lawsuit to enforce our rights and remedies under the applicable contractual arrangement, and since then have been engaged directly with the client on payment resolution. Although we believe our products and services were delivered in accordance with the terms of our contract and that we are entitled to payment in connection with the termination for convenience, at this time the matter remains unresolved. We can provide no assurances that we will not incur additional costs as we pursue our rights and remedies under the contract.

Purchase Commitments

We have contractual obligations for third-party technology used in our solutions and for other services we purchase as part of our normal operations. In certain cases, these arrangements require a minimum annual purchase commitment by us. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining aggregate minimum purchase commitment under these arrangements was approximately $244 million through 2031.

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Subsequent Events	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsThere have been no material events or transactions that occurred subsequent to June 30, 2023.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 49,130	$ 39,946	$ 80,005	$ 79,930

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

REVENUE RECOGNITION

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Nature of Products and Services

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We earn the majority of our revenues from subscription-based services and post-contract customer support (“PCS” or “maintenance”). Other sources of revenue are professional services, software licenses and royalties, and hardware and other. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

Subscriptions revenue consists of revenue derived from our software as a service ("SaaS") arrangements and transaction-based fees primarily related to digital government services and payment processing. We also provide electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”) that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements. For transaction-based fees, we have the right to charge the customer an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of our performance to date. Therefore, we recognize revenue for these services over time based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the 'as invoiced' practical expedient in ASC 606-10-55-18. In some cases, we are paid on a fixed fee basis and recognize the revenue ratably over the contractual period. Typically, the structure of our arrangements does not give rise to variable consideration. However, in those instances whereby variable consideration exists, we include in our estimates, additional revenue for variable consideration when we believe we have an enforceable right, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable.

Other software arrangements with customers contain multiple performance obligations that range from software licenses, installation, training, and consulting to software modification and customization to meet specific customer needs (services), hosting, and PCS. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately when they are distinct. We evaluate whether separate performance obligations can be distinct or should be accounted for as one performance obligation. Arrangements that include professional services, such as training or installation, are evaluated to determine whether those services are highly interdependent or interrelated to the product’s functionality. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. For arrangements that involve significant production, modification, or customization of the software, or where professional services otherwise cannot be considered distinct, we recognize revenue as control is transferred to the customer over time using progress-to-completion methods. Depending on the contract, we measure progress-to-completion primarily using labor hours incurred, or value added. Amounts recognized in revenue are calculated using the progress-to-completion measurement after giving effect to any changes in our cost estimates. Changes to total estimated contract costs, if any, are recorded in the period they are determined. Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which we first determine that a loss is apparent.

Revenue is recognized net of allowances for sales adjustments and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Contract Balances:

Accounts receivable and allowance for losses and sales adjustments

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record an unbilled receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or deferred revenue when invoicing occurs prior to revenue recognition. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. We record an unbilled receivable related to revenue recognized for on-premises licenses as we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future related to those licenses.

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, total current and long-term accounts receivable, net of allowance for losses and sales adjustments, was $647.0 million and $585.5 million, respectively. We have recorded unbilled receivables of $127.1 million and $135.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Included in unbilled receivables are retention receivables of $9.2 million and $8.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which become payable upon the completion of the contract or completion of our fieldwork and formal hearings. Unbilled receivables expected to be collected within one year have been included with accounts receivable, current portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled receivables and retention receivables expected to be collected past one year have been included with accounts receivable, long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We maintain allowances for losses and sales adjustments, which are recorded against revenue at the time the loss is incurred. Since most of our clients are domestic governmental entities, we rarely incur a credit loss resulting from the inability of a client to make required payments. Events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount for the allowances for losses and sales adjustments may require revision, include, but are not limited to, managing our client’s expectations regarding the scope of the services to be delivered and defects or errors in new versions or enhancements of our software products. Our allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $19.6 million and $14.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, does not include provisions for credit losses.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTSThere were no new not yet adopted accounting pronouncements currently issued that would affect the Company or have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations in future periods.

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Segment and Related Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of segment revenues and operations

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	115,877	$	15,579	$	—	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	38,677		127,656		—		166,333
Maintenance	109,953		6,586		—		116,539
Professional services	55,256		11,164		—		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	9,479		300		—		9,779
Hardware and other	6,381		—		7,371		13,752
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279
Segment operating income (loss)	$	111,185	$	38,797	$	(60,818)	$	89,164

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	97,703	$	11,802	$	—	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	30,991		115,320		—		146,311
Maintenance	110,760		6,055		—		116,815
Professional services	50,653		21,284		—		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	14,623		386		—		15,009
Hardware and other	5,498		—		3,610		9,108
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685
Segment operating income (loss)	$	102,090	$	36,301	$	(53,991)	$	84,400

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	226,919	$	31,132	$	—	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	76,049		244,154		—		320,203
Maintenance	220,035		11,635		—		231,670
Professional services	106,755		20,594		—		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	17,547		2,362		—		19,909
Hardware and other	11,580		—		7,371		18,951
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133
Segment operating income (loss)	$	211,165	$	68,335	$	(118,028)	$	161,472

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	188,474	$	22,813	$	—	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	60,536		229,436		—		289,972
Maintenance	221,455		12,389		—		233,844
Professional services	101,820		40,132		—		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	30,728		787		—		31,515
Hardware and other	12,612		—		3,610		16,222
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792
Segment operating income (loss)	$	208,619	$	67,034	$	(107,450)	$	168,203

Schedule of Reconciliation of operating income from segments to consolidated

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated totals:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total segment operating income	$	89,164	$	84,400	$	161,472	$	168,203
Amortization of acquired software	(8,924)		(14,039)		(17,844)		(27,260)
Amortization of other intangibles	(18,366)		(13,604)		(36,774)		(28,318)
Interest expense	(6,387)		(6,214)		(14,071)		(11,018)
Other income, net	643		216		1,889		581
Income before income taxes	$	56,130	$	50,759	$	94,672	$	102,188

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Disaggregation of Revenue (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	131,456	$	131,456
Transaction-based fees	—		166,333		166,333
Maintenance	—		116,539		116,539
Professional services	—		66,420		66,420
Software licenses and royalties	8,793		986		9,779
Hardware and other	13,752		—		13,752
Total	$	22,545	$	481,734	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	109,505	$	109,505
Transaction-based fees	—		146,311		146,311
Maintenance	—		116,815		116,815
Professional services	—		71,937		71,937
Software licenses and royalties	12,683		2,326		15,009
Hardware and other	9,108		—		9,108
Total	$	21,791	$	446,894	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	258,051	$	258,051
Transaction-based fees	—		320,203		320,203
Maintenance	—		231,670		231,670
Professional services	—		127,349		127,349
Software licenses and royalties	18,074		1,835		19,909
Hardware and other	18,951		—		18,951
Total	$	37,025	$	939,108	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Subscriptions:
SaaS	$	—	$	211,287	$	211,287
Transaction-based fees	—		289,972		289,972
Maintenance	—		233,844		233,844
Professional services	—		141,952		141,952
Software licenses and royalties	26,752		4,763		31,515
Hardware and other	16,222		—		16,222
Total	$	42,974	$	881,818	$	924,792

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	264,507	$	149,821	$	—	$	414,328
Non-recurring revenues	71,116		11,464		7,371		89,951
Intercompany	6,852		—		(6,852)		—
Total revenues	$	342,475	$	161,285	$	519	$	504,279

For the three months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	239,454	$	133,177	$	—	$	372,631
Non-recurring revenues	70,774		21,670		3,610		96,054
Intercompany	5,342		—		(5,342)		—
Total revenues	$	315,570	$	154,847	$	(1,732)	$	468,685

For the six months ended June 30, 2023	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	523,003	$	286,921	$	—	$	809,924
Non-recurring revenues	135,882		22,956		7,371		166,209
Intercompany	11,935		—		(11,935)		—
Total revenues	$	670,820	$	309,877	$	(4,564)	$	976,133

For the six months ended June 30, 2022	Enterprise Software		Platform Technologies		Corporate		Totals
Recurring revenues	$	470,465	$	264,638	$	—	$	735,103
Non-recurring revenues	145,160		40,919		3,610		189,689
Intercompany	10,931		—		(10,931)		—
Total revenues	$	626,556	$	305,557	$	(7,321)	$	924,792

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Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in deferred revenue

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Enterprise Software	$	536,663	$	533,902
Platform Technologies	28,591		33,691
Corporate	1,750		2,982
Totals	$	567,004	$	570,575

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows:

	Six months ended June 30, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	570,575
Deferral of revenue	662,311
Recognition of deferred revenue	(665,882)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	567,004

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Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of debt and related interest

The following table summarizes our total outstanding borrowings related to the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes:

	Rate	Maturity Date	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving credit facility	S + 1.50%	April 2026	$	—	$	—
Term Loan A-1	S + 1.50%	April 2026	250,000		290,000
Term Loan A-2	S + 1.25%	April 2024	25,000		105,000
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	0.25%	March 2026	600,000		600,000
Total borrowings			875,000		995,000
Less: unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs			(5,926)		(7,611)
Total borrowings, net			869,074		987,389
Less: current portion of debt			(30,000)		(30,000)
Carrying value			$	839,074	$	957,389

The weighted average interest rates for the borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 were 6.68% and 0.25%, as of June 30, 2023, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the effective interest rates for our borrowings were 7.04% and 0.54% for the 2021 Credit Agreement and the Convertible Senior Notes, respectively. The following sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes and is included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense - Revolving Credit Facility	$	(625)	$	(315)	$	(937)	$	(628)
Contractual interest expense - Term Loans	(4,565)		(4,375)		(10,206)		(7,369)
Contractual interest expense - Convertible Senior Notes	(375)		(375)		(750)		(750)
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	(822)		(1,149)		(2,178)		(2,271)
Total	$	(6,387)	$	(6,214)	$	(14,071)	$	(11,018)

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Investments

The following table presents our financial instruments:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,764	$	173,857
Available-for-sale investments	29,216		55,538
Equity investments	10,000		10,000
Total	$	157,980	$	239,395

Schedule of Available-for-sale Activity

The following table presents the components of our available-for-sale investments:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Amortized cost	$	30,269	$	56,670
Unrealized gains	—		16
Unrealized losses	(1,053)		(1,148)
Estimated fair value	$	29,216	$	55,538

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sales and maturities	$	14,132	$	17,923	$	37,107	$	40,595
Realized losses on sales, net of tax	(1)		(48)		(1)		(7)

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of accumulated other comprehensive loss

The following table presents the changes in the balances of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax by component:

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(750)	$	—	$	(750)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(36)		—		(36)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1		—		1
Other comprehensive loss	(35)		—		(35)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(785)	$	—	$	(785)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	(743)	$	—	$	(743)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(114)		—		(114)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	48		—		48
Other comprehensive loss	(66)		—		(66)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	(809)	$	—	$	(809)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(844)	$	—	$	(844)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	58		—		58
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	—		—		—
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1		—		1
Other comprehensive income	59		—		59
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(785)	$	—	$	(785)

	Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities		Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(46)	$	—	$	(46)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(743)		—		(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized losses on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	(27)		—		(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	7		—		7
Other comprehensive loss	(763)		—		(763)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	(809)	$	—	$	(809)

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Fair Value (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value, assets and liabilities measured on recurring basis

The following table presents fair values of our financial and debt instruments categorized by their fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Available-for-sale investments	$	29,216	$	—	$	—	$	29,216
Equity investments	—		—		10,000		10,000
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility	—		—		—		—
Term Loan A-1	—		248,788		—		248,788
Term Loan A-2	—		24,942		—		24,942
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	—		615,564		—		615,564

Schedule of fair value, by balance sheet grouping

The following table presents the fair value and carrying value, net, of the 2021 Credit Agreement and our Convertible Notes due 2026):

	Fair Value at				Carrying Value at
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2021 Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Term Loan A-1	248,788		288,302		248,788		288,302
Term Loan A-2	24,942		104,603		24,942		104,603
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	615,564		560,910		595,344		594,484
	$	889,294	$	953,815	$	869,074	$	987,389

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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, pursuant to ASC 718, Stock Compensation:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services	$	6,437	$	6,867	$	12,779	$	13,639
Sales and marketing expense	2,367		2,224		4,760		4,364
General and administrative expense	17,224		16,709		36,385		33,076
Total share-based compensation expense	$	26,028	$	25,800	$	53,924	$	51,079

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Computation of reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share

The following table details the reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	49,130	$	39,946	$	80,005	$	79,930
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	41,980		41,500		41,987		41,499
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:
Stock awards	771		821		723		950
Convertible Senior Notes	—		—		—		—
Denominator for diluted earnings per share    - Adjusted weighted-average shares	42,751		42,321		42,710		42,449
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.17	$	0.96	$	1.91	$	1.93
Diluted	$	1.15	$	0.94	$	1.87	$	1.88

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of lease cost

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	3,119	$	2,586	$	7,510	$	6,008
Short-term lease cost	513		488		1,036		994
Variable lease cost	216		204		536		574
Net lease cost	$	3,848	$	3,278	$	9,082	$	7,576

Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:

Other Information	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	5,873		$	7,238
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$	2,391		$	6,606
Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6.9			5.8
Weighted average discount rate	1.60		%	1.64		%

Schedule of supplemental information related to leases

Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:

Other Information	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	5,873		$	7,238
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$	2,391		$	6,606
Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6.9			5.8
Weighted average discount rate	1.60		%	1.64		%

Schedule of future minimum operating rental income

As of June 30, 2023, future minimum operating rental income based on contractual agreements is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (Remaining)	$	1,133
2024	3,049
2025	2,317
2026	1,171
2027	913
Thereafter	733
Total	$	9,316

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Basis of Presentation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$ (35)	$ (66)	$ 59	$ (763)

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Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Accounts receivable, net	$ 647,000	$ 585,500
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	19,643	14,761
Unbilled Revenues
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Accounts receivable, net	127,100	135,400
Unbilled Revenues | Retention Receivable
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Accounts receivable, net	$ 9,200	$ 8,600

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Segment and Related Information - Additional Information (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 segment business
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of business units | business	6
Number of reportable segment | segment	2

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Segment and Related Information - Schedule of Segment Revenues and Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	$ 504,279	$ 468,685	$ 976,133	$ 924,792
Segment operating income (loss)	61,874	56,757	106,854	112,625
Intercompany
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	(6,852)	(5,342)	(11,935)	(10,931)
Intercompany | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	6,852	5,342	11,935	10,931
Intercompany | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Operating segments | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	342,475	315,570	670,820	626,556
Segment operating income (loss)	111,185	102,090	211,165	208,619
Operating segments | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	161,285	154,847	309,877	305,557
Segment operating income (loss)	38,797	36,301	68,335	67,034
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	519	(1,732)	(4,564)	(7,321)
Segment operating income (loss)	(60,818)	(53,991)	(118,028)	(107,450)
Operating segment and corporate non-segment
Segment Reporting Information
Segment operating income (loss)	89,164	84,400	161,472	168,203
SaaS
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	131,456	109,505	258,051	211,287
SaaS | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	115,877	97,703	226,919	188,474
SaaS | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	15,579	11,802	31,132	22,813
SaaS | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Transaction-based fees
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	166,333	146,311	320,203	289,972
Transaction-based fees | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	38,677	30,991	76,049	60,536
Transaction-based fees | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	127,656	115,320	244,154	229,436
Transaction-based fees | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Maintenance
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	116,539	116,815	231,670	233,844
Maintenance | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	109,953	110,760	220,035	221,455
Maintenance | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	6,586	6,055	11,635	12,389
Maintenance | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Professional services
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	66,420	71,937	127,349	141,952
Professional services | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	55,256	50,653	106,755	101,820
Professional services | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	11,164	21,284	20,594	40,132
Professional services | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Software licenses and royalties
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	9,779	15,009	19,909	31,515
Software licenses and royalties | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	9,479	14,623	17,547	30,728
Software licenses and royalties | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	300	386	2,362	787
Software licenses and royalties | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Hardware and other
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	13,752	9,108	18,951	16,222
Hardware and other | Enterprise Software
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	6,381	5,498	11,580	12,612
Hardware and other | Platform Technologies
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Hardware and other | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total revenues	$ 7,371	$ 3,610	$ 7,371	$ 3,610

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Segment and Related Information - Schedule of Reconciliation of Operating Income from Segments to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information
Total segment operating income	$ 61,874	$ 56,757	$ 106,854	$ 112,625
Amortization of acquired software	(281,102)	(275,237)	(553,119)	(538,926)
Amortization of other intangibles	(18,366)	(13,604)	(36,774)	(28,318)
Interest expense	(6,387)	(6,214)	(14,071)	(11,018)
Other income, net	643	216	1,889	581
Income before income taxes	56,130	50,759	94,672	102,188
Amortization of acquired software
Segment Reporting Information
Amortization of acquired software	(8,924)	(14,039)	(17,844)	(27,260)
Operating segment and corporate non-segment
Segment Reporting Information
Total segment operating income	$ 89,164	$ 84,400	$ 161,472	$ 168,203

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Disaggregation of Revenue - Schedule of disaggregation of revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	$ 504,279	$ 468,685	$ 976,133	$ 924,792
Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	519	(1,732)	(4,564)	(7,321)
Intercompany
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	(6,852)	(5,342)	(11,935)	(10,931)
Corporate and Elimination
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	519	(1,732)	(4,564)	(7,321)
Enterprise Software | Intercompany
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	6,852	5,342	11,935	10,931
Enterprise Software | Operating segments
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	342,475	315,570	670,820	626,556
Platform Technologies | Intercompany
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Platform Technologies | Operating segments
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	161,285	154,847	309,877	305,557
Recurring revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	414,328	372,631	809,924	735,103
Recurring revenues | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Recurring revenues | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	264,507	239,454	523,003	470,465
Recurring revenues | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	149,821	133,177	286,921	264,638
Non-recurring revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	89,951	96,054	166,209	189,689
Non-recurring revenues | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	7,371	3,610	7,371	3,610
Non-recurring revenues | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	71,116	70,774	135,882	145,160
Non-recurring revenues | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	11,464	21,670	22,956	40,919
Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	22,545	21,791	37,025	42,974
Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	481,734	446,894	939,108	881,818
SaaS
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	131,456	109,505	258,051	211,287
SaaS | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
SaaS | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	115,877	97,703	226,919	188,474
SaaS | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	15,579	11,802	31,132	22,813
SaaS | Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
SaaS | Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	131,456	109,505	258,051	211,287
Transaction-based fees
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	166,333	146,311	320,203	289,972
Transaction-based fees | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Transaction-based fees | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	38,677	30,991	76,049	60,536
Transaction-based fees | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	127,656	115,320	244,154	229,436
Transaction-based fees | Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Transaction-based fees | Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	166,333	146,311	320,203	289,972
Maintenance
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	116,539	116,815	231,670	233,844
Maintenance | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Maintenance | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	109,953	110,760	220,035	221,455
Maintenance | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	6,586	6,055	11,635	12,389
Maintenance | Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Maintenance | Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	116,539	116,815	231,670	233,844
Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	66,420	71,937	127,349	141,952
Professional services | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Professional services | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	55,256	50,653	106,755	101,820
Professional services | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	11,164	21,284	20,594	40,132
Professional services | Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Professional services | Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	66,420	71,937	127,349	141,952
Software licenses and royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	9,779	15,009	19,909	31,515
Software licenses and royalties | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Software licenses and royalties | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	9,479	14,623	17,547	30,728
Software licenses and royalties | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	300	386	2,362	787
Software licenses and royalties | Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	8,793	12,683	18,074	26,752
Software licenses and royalties | Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	986	2,326	1,835	4,763
Hardware and other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	13,752	9,108	18,951	16,222
Hardware and other | Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	7,371	3,610	7,371	3,610
Hardware and other | Enterprise Software
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	6,381	5,498	11,580	12,612
Hardware and other | Platform Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Hardware and other | Products and services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	13,752	9,108	18,951	16,222
Hardware and other | Products and services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Disaggregation of Revenue - Additional Information (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue
Contract term (in years)	1 year
Typical contract term (in years)	3 years
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue
Contract term (in years)	10 years
Typical contract term (in years)	5 years

XML

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations - Deferred Revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue
Deferred revenue	$ 567,004
Contract With Customer Liability
Beginning balance	570,575
Deferral of revenue	662,311
Recognition of deferred revenue	(665,882)
Ending balance	567,004
Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue
Deferred revenue	1,750
Contract With Customer Liability
Beginning balance	2,982
Ending balance	1,750
Enterprise Software | Operating segments
Disaggregation of Revenue
Deferred revenue	536,663
Contract With Customer Liability
Beginning balance	533,902
Ending balance	536,663
Platform Technologies | Operating segments
Disaggregation of Revenue
Deferred revenue	28,591
Contract With Customer Liability
Beginning balance	33,691
Ending balance	$ 28,591

XML

Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,900
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-07-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Revenue, remaining performance obligation (as a percent)	46.00%
Expected timing of satisfaction period (in years)	12 months

XML

Deferred Commissions (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Capitalized Contract Cost
Deferred commissions	$ 44,900,000		$ 44,900,000		$ 43,800,000
Deferred commissions amortization	$ 4,300,000	$ 3,700,000	8,600,000	$ 7,200,000
Deferred commissions impairment			$ 0	$ 0
Minimum
Capitalized Contract Cost
Sales commissions amortization period (in years)			3 years
Maximum
Capitalized Contract Cost
Sales commissions amortization period (in years)			7 years

XML

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition
Payments to acquire businesses, net of cash		$ 1,875	$ 117,313
Goodwill		2,489,084			$ 2,489,308
Rapid Financial Solutions, LLC
Business Acquisition
Cash acquired from acquisition	$ 2,200
Business acquisition consideration	67,400
Payments to acquire businesses, net of cash	51,500
Payment to acquire business, common stock	18,200
Total tangible assets	12,900
Liabilities assumed	(10,600)
Litigation outstanding				$ 10,000
Indemnification receivable				$ 10,000
Goodwill	40,000
Identifiable intangible assets acquired	$ 27,600
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	10 years
Financial advisory and legal fees		$ 72

XML

Debt - Total outstanding borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 09, 2021
Line Of Credit Facility
Long-term debt, gross	$ 875,000	$ 995,000
Less: unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs	(5,926)	(7,611)
Total borrowings, net	869,074	987,389
Less: current portion of debt	(30,000)	(30,000)
Carrying value	839,074	957,389
Revolving credit facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility
Long-term debt, gross	$ 0	0
Revolving credit facility | Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.50%
Term Loan A-1 | Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility
Long-term debt, gross	$ 250,000	290,000
Term Loan A-1 | Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.50%
Term Loan A-2 | Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility
Long-term debt, gross	$ 25,000	105,000
Term Loan A-2 | Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.25%
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility
Long-term debt, gross	$ 600,000	$ 600,000
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)	0.25%		0.25%

XML

Debt - Additional Information (Details)			6 Months Ended
	Apr. 21, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 09, 2021 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) legal	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Line Of Credit Facility
Long-term debt, gross			$ 875,000,000		$ 995,000,000
Letter of credit outstanding			1,500,000
Payment on term loans			$ 120,000,000	$ 80,000,000
2021 Credit Agreement | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility
Effective percentage interest rate (as a percent)			7.04%
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility
Initial conversion rate (in shares)		0.20266%
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)		0.25%	0.25%
Debt instrument face amount		$ 600,000,000
Net proceeds from issuance		591,400,000
Initial purchasers discount		6,000,000
Debt issuance costs		$ 2,600,000
Common stock exceeds conversion price percentage (as a percent)		130.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading (in days) | trading_day		20
Observation period (in days) | trading_day		30
Measurement period (in days) | legal			5
Debt instrument convertible (as a percent)			98.00%
Redemption percentage (as a percent)		100.00%
Initial conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 493.44
Consecutive trading days (in days) | trading_day		30
Effective percentage interest rate (as a percent)			0.54%
Long-term debt, gross			$ 600,000,000		600,000,000
Convertible Senior Notes | shares		2.0266
Revolving Credit Facility | 2021 Credit Agreement
Line Of Credit Facility
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,400,000,000
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent)			6.68%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility
Line Of Credit Facility
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 500,000,000
Commitment fee (as a percent)			0.25%
Long-term debt, gross			$ 0		0
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)			1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | Minimum
Line Of Credit Facility
Commitment fee (as a percent)			0.15%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | Minimum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.125%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | Minimum | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.125%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility
Commitment fee (as a percent)			0.30%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | Maximum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.75%
Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving credit facility | Maximum | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.75%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-1
Line Of Credit Facility
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 600,000,000
Debt instrument, term (in years)	5 years
Quarterly prepayment fee (as a percent)	5.00%
Long-term debt, gross			$ 250,000,000		290,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-1 | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)			1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-1 | Minimum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.125%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-1 | Minimum | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.125%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-1 | Maximum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.75%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-1 | Maximum | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.75%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-2
Line Of Credit Facility
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 300,000,000
Debt instrument, term (in years)	3 years
Long-term debt, gross			$ 25,000,000		$ 105,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-2 | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)			1.25%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-2 | Minimum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-2 | Minimum | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.875%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-2 | Maximum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Term Loan A-2 | Maximum | SOFR Rate
Line Of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility interest rate (as a percent)	1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
Line Of Credit Facility
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent)			0.25%

XML

Debt - Interest expense recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Debt Instrument
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	$ (822)	$ (1,149)	$ (2,178)	$ (2,271)
Total	(6,387)	(6,214)	(14,071)	(11,018)
Revolving credit facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument
Contractual interest expense	(625)	(315)	(937)	(628)
Contractual interest expense - Term Loans
Debt Instrument
Contractual interest expense	(4,565)	(4,375)	(10,206)	(7,369)
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument
Contractual interest expense	$ (375)	$ (375)	$ (750)	$ (750)

XML

Financial Instruments - Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 118,764	$ 173,857
Available-for-sale investments	29,216	55,538
Equity investments	10,000	10,000
Total	$ 157,980	$ 239,395

XML

Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) security	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) security
Financial Instruments
Interest receivable	$ 102,000	$ 102,000
Allowance for credit loss	0	0
Available for sales debt securities, current	19,100,000	19,100,000
Available for sales debt securities, non-current	$ 10,100,000	$ 10,100,000
Available-for-sale debt securities, loss position, current, number of positions | security	6	6
Available-for-sale debt securities, loss position, current	$ 6,100,000	$ 6,100,000
Available-for-sale debt securities, loss position, non-current, number of positions | security	27	27
Available-for-sale debt securities, loss position, non-current	$ 20,900,000	$ 20,900,000
BFTR, LLC
Financial Instruments
Investment percentage (as a percent)	18.00%	18.00%

XML

Financial Instruments - Available-for-sale Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Amortized cost	$ 30,269	$ 56,670
Unrealized gains	0	16
Unrealized losses	(1,053)	(1,148)
Estimated fair value	$ 29,216	$ 55,538

XML

Financial Instruments - Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Sales of Our Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Proceeds from sales and maturities	$ 14,132	$ 17,923	$ 37,107	$ 40,595
Realized losses on sales, net of tax	$ (1)	$ (48)	$ (1)	$ (7)

XML

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balance	$ 2,686,133	$ 2,387,734	$ 2,624,389	$ 2,324,032
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	0	0	0	(27)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(35)	(66)	59	(763)
Balance	2,768,251	2,458,327	2,768,251	2,458,327
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balance	(750)	(743)	(844)	(46)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(36)	(114)	58	(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	0	0	0	(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1	48	1	7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(35)	(66)	59	(763)
Balance	(785)	(809)	(785)	(809)
Unrealized Loss On Available-for-Sale Securities
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balance	(750)	(743)	(844)	(46)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(36)	(114)	58	(743)
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	0	0	0	(27)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	1	48	1	7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(35)	(66)	59	(763)
Balance	(785)	(809)	(785)	(809)
Other
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balance	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	0	0	0	0
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from held-to-maturity	0	0	0	0
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	0	0	0	0
Balance	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value - Schedule of fair value, assets and liabilities measured on recurring basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Available-for-sale investments	$ 29,216	$ 55,538
Equity investments	10,000
Term Loan A-1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	248,788
Term Loan A-2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	24,942
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	615,564
Revolving Credit Facility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Available-for-sale investments	29,216
Equity investments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Term Loan A-1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Term Loan A-2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Revolving Credit Facility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Available-for-sale investments	0
Equity investments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Term Loan A-1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	248,788
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Term Loan A-2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	24,942
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	615,564
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Revolving Credit Facility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Available-for-sale investments	0
Equity investments	10,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Term Loan A-1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Term Loan A-2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Revolving Credit Facility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	$ 0

XML

Fair Value - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Available-for-sale investments	$ 29,216	$ 55,538
BFTR, LLC
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Investment percentage (as a percent)	18.00%

XML

Fair Value - Schedule of fair value, by balance sheet grouping (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	$ 889,294	$ 953,815
Carrying Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	869,074	987,389
Term Loan A-1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	248,788
Term Loan A-1 | Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	248,788	288,302
Term Loan A-1 | Carrying Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	248,788	288,302
Term Loan A-2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	24,942
Term Loan A-2 | Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	24,942	104,603
Term Loan A-2 | Carrying Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	24,942	104,603
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	615,564
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 | Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	615,564	560,910
Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 | Carrying Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	595,344	594,484
Revolving Credit Facility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0
Revolving Credit Facility | Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	0	0
Revolving Credit Facility | Carrying Value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
Debt instruments	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Income Tax Provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rates (as a percent)	12.50%	21.30%	15.50%	21.80%
Income tax payments			$ 92.9	$ 24.3

XML

Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs
Share-based compensation expense	$ 26,028	$ 25,800	$ 53,924	$ 51,079
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs
Share-based compensation expense	6,437	6,867	12,779	13,639
Sales and marketing expense
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs
Share-based compensation expense	2,367	2,224	4,760	4,364
General and administrative expense
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs
Share-based compensation expense	$ 17,224	$ 16,709	$ 36,385	$ 33,076

XML

Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Computation of Basic Earnings and Diluted Earnings Per Share Data (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income, basic	$ 49,130	$ 39,946	$ 80,005	$ 79,930
Net income, diluted	$ 49,130	$ 39,946	$ 80,005	$ 79,930
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding (in shares)	41,980	41,500	41,987	41,499
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:
Stock awards (in shares)	771	821	723	950
Convertible Senior Notes (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Denominator for diluted earnings per share- Adjusted weighted-average shares (in shares)	42,751	42,321	42,710	42,449
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ 1.17	$ 0.96	$ 1.91	$ 1.93
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ 1.15	$ 0.94	$ 1.87	$ 1.88

XML

Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Stock awards
Earnings Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per shares (in shares)	344	486	423	350
Convertible debt securities
Earnings Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per shares (in shares)	1,200	1,200	1,200	1,200

XML

Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description
Additional operating lease cost	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,400	$ 1,000
Lessor, operating lease renewal term (in years)	10 years		10 years
Rental income	$ 545	$ 493	$ 1,000	$ 798
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description
Operating lease term (in years)	1 year		1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description
Operating lease term (in years)	11 years		11 years
Operating lease renewal term (up to)	6 years		6 years

XML

Leases - Schedule of lease cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 3,119	$ 2,586	$ 7,510	$ 6,008
Short-term lease cost	513	488	1,036	994
Variable lease cost	216	204	536	574
Net lease cost	$ 3,848	$ 3,278	$ 9,082	$ 7,576

XML

Leases - Schedule of other information related to leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$ 5,873	$ 7,238
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$ 2,391	$ 6,606
Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6 years 10 months 24 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate	1.60%	1.64%

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Leases - Schedule of future minimum operating rental income (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Future Operating Rental Income
2023	$ 1,133
2024	3,049
2025	2,317
2026	1,171
2027	913
Thereafter	733
Total	$ 9,316

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Related Party Transactions (Details) ft² in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 ft²
Related Party Transaction
Lessor, operating lease renewal term (in years)	10 years
Board Member | Office facility Lubbock Texas | Management
Related Party Transaction
Area of real estate property | ft²		25
Lessor, operating lease renewal term (in years)		5 years
Pro-rated monthly rent	$ 25,000
Monthly base rent	60,000
Operating lease, lease income	$ 75,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023
Contingencies
Remaining aggregate minimum purchase commitment		$ 244
Contract Termination
Contingencies
Damages sought	$ 15