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DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE
The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows.
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2022Products and services transferred at a point in timeProducts and services transferred over timeTotal
Revenues:
Subscriptions$— $1,012,304 $1,012,304 
Maintenance— 468,455 468,455 
Professional services
— 243,117 243,117 
Software licenses and royalties50,302 9,104 59,406 
Appraisal services— 34,508 34,508 
Hardware and other32,414 — 32,414 
Total$82,716 $1,767,488 $1,850,204 
For the year ended December 31, 2021Products and services transferred at a point in timeProducts and services transferred over timeTotal
Revenues:
Subscriptions$— $784,435 $784,435 
Maintenance— 474,287 474,287 
Professional services
— 209,391 209,391 
Software licenses and royalties62,847 11,605 74,452 
Appraisal services— 27,788 27,788 
Hardware and other21,934 — 21,934 
Total$84,781 $1,507,506 $1,592,287 
For the year ended December 31, 2020Products and services transferred at a point in timeProducts and services transferred over timeTotal
Revenues:
Subscriptions$— $350,648 $350,648 
Maintenance— 467,513 467,513 
Professional services
— 186,409 186,409 
Software licenses and royalties62,029 11,135 73,164 
Appraisal services— 21,127 21,127 
Hardware and other17,802 — 17,802 
Total$79,831 $1,036,832 $1,116,663 
Recurring Revenues
The majority of our revenue is comprised of revenues from subscriptions and maintenance, which we consider to be recurring revenues. Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenues derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees, which relate to digital government services, e-filing transactions, and payment processing. Total subscriptions revenue derived from transaction-based fees included in total recurring revenues was $600.8 million, $454.8 million, and $91.0 million, respectively, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenues. That maintenance and support is generally provided under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. We consider all other revenue categories to be non-recurring revenues.
Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2022Enterprise
Software		Platform TechnologiesCorporateTotals
Recurring revenues$970,466 $510,293 $— $1,480,759 
Non-recurring revenues286,720 76,903 5,822 369,445 
Intercompany21,636 — (21,636)— 
Total revenues$1,278,822 $587,196 $(15,814)$1,850,204 
For the year ended December 31, 2021Enterprise
Software		Platform TechnologiesCorporateTotals
Recurring revenues$864,667 $394,055 $— $1,258,722 
Non-recurring revenues278,876 51,662 3,027 333,565 
Intercompany22,033 — (22,033)— 
Total revenues$1,165,576 $445,717 $(19,006)$1,592,287 
For the year ended December 31, 2020Enterprise
Software		Platform TechnologiesCorporateTotals
Recurring revenues$767,655 $50,506 $— $818,161 
Non-recurring revenues271,883 26,608 11 298,502 
Intercompany19,131 — (19,131)— 
Total revenues$1,058,669 $77,114 $(19,120)$1,116,663 
DEFERRED REVENUE AND PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS
Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Enterprise Software$533,902 $479,048 
Platform Technologies33,691 29,705 
Corporate2,982 1,814 
Totals$570,575 $510,567 
Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows:
2022
Balance at beginning of year$510,567 
Deferral of revenue1,267,937 
Recognition of deferred revenue(1,207,929)
Balance at end of year$570,575 
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“backlog”), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of December 31, 2022 was $1.89 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately 47% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.
DEFERRED COMMISSIONSSales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be generally three to seven years. Deferred commissions were $43.8 million and $38.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense was $15.4 million, $13.4 million, and $11.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. There were no indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.