Income Tax (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Provision (Benefit) on Income from Operations

The Income tax provision (benefit) on income from operations consists of the following:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	12,814		$	9,110		$	22,883
State	6,585			4,367			4,666
	19,399			13,477			27,549
Deferred	(6,088		)	(5,069		)	(33,664		)
	$	13,311		$	8,408		$	(6,115	)

Reconciliation of U.S. Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Expense Rate

Reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax expense rate for operations follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Federal income tax expense at statutory rate	$	33,566		$	32,733		$	57,209
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit	6,999			7,953			4,754
Domestic production activities deduction	—			—			(2,617		)
Excess tax benefits related to stock option exercises	(29,819		)	(32,487		)	(40,624		)
Tax Act adjustments	—			(1,750		)	(25,992		)
Tax credits	(3,446		)	(3,715		)	(3,578		)
Non-deductible business expenses	6,011			5,655			4,573
Other, net	—			19			160
	$	13,311		$	8,408		$	(6,115	)

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of the major items recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 are:

	2019			2018
Deferred income tax assets:
Operating expenses not currently deductible	$	10,214		$	8,989
Stock option and other employee benefit plans	19,308			19,496
Loss and credit carryforwards	23,841			17,999
Total deferred income tax assets	53,363			46,484
Valuation allowance	(1,923		)	(1,049		)
Total deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance	51,440			45,435
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	(84,019		)	(70,752		)
Property and equipment	(9,265		)	(8,455		)
Prepaid expenses	(4,922		)	(4,079		)
Deferred revenue	(1,676		)	(3,940		)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(99,882		)	(87,226		)
Net deferred income tax liabilities	$	(48,442	)	$	(41,791	)