Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

NOTE 8 — ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) emphasizes fair value is a market-based measurement, and fair value measurements should be determined based on the assumptions market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities. ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).

Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment.

Cash Traded Investments

Our cash traded investments are generally classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements of these instruments.

The following tables summarize our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (dollars in millions):

	December 31, 2020
	Fair Value			Fair Value Measurements Using
				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Investments of insurance subsidiaries:
Debt securities	$	416		$	—		$	416		$	—
Money market funds and other		88			88			—			—
Investments of insurance subsidiaries		504			88			416			—
Less amounts classified as current assets		(116	)		(87	)		(29	)		—
	$	388			1		$	387		$	—
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (Income taxes and other liabilities)	$	46		$	—		$	46		$	—

	December 31, 2019
	Fair Value			Fair Value Measurements Using
				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Investments of insurance subsidiaries:
Debt securities	$	377		$	—		$	377		$	—
Money market funds and other		85			85			—			—
Investments of insurance subsidiaries		462			85			377			—
Less amounts classified as current assets		(147	)		(83	)		(64	)		—
	$	315			2		$	313		$	—
Interest rate swaps (Other)	$	3		$	—		$	3		$	—
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (Income taxes and other liabilities)	$	7		$	—		$	7		$	—

The estimated fair value of our long-term debt was $35.814 billion and $37.026 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, compared to carrying amounts, excluding debt issuance costs and discounts, aggregating $31.240 billion and $33.961 billion, respectively. The estimates of fair value are generally based upon the quoted market prices or quoted market prices for similar issues of long-term debt with the same maturities.