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Loans Held for Investment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
The following table presents loans by segment as of the dates indicated:
20222021
Real estate loans:  
Commercial$8,528.6 $3,971.5 
Construction loans:
Land acquisition & development386.2 247.8 
Residential516.2 262.0 
Commercial1,042.0 498.0 
Total construction loans1,944.4 1,007.8 
Residential2,188.3 1,538.2 
Agricultural794.9 213.9 
Total real estate loans13,456.2 6,731.4 
Consumer loans:
Indirect829.7 737.6 
Direct and advance lines152.9 129.2 
Credit card75.9 64.9 
Total consumer loans1,058.5 931.7 
Commercial2,882.6 1,475.5 
Agricultural708.3 203.9 
Other, including overdrafts9.2 1.5 
Loans held for investment18,114.8 9,344.0 
Deferred loan fees and costs(15.6)(12.3)
Loans held for investment, net of deferred fees and costs18,099.2 9,331.7 
Allowance for credit losses(220.1)(122.3)
Net loans held for investment$17,879.1 $9,209.4 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables represent, by loan portfolio segment, the activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment:
December 31, 2022Beginning BalanceACL Recorded for PCD loans
Provision for (reversal of)
Credit Losses (2)
Loans Charged-OffRecoveries CollectedEnding Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1)
Real estate:  
Commercial real estate:
Non-owner occupied$17.3 $17.2 $(4.2)$(3.5)$0.4 $27.2 
Owner occupied13.3 9.5 (2.7)(2.5)1.9 19.5 
Multi-family13.3 10.9 8.7 (5.7)0.7 27.9 
Total commercial real estate43.9 37.6 1.8 (11.7)3.0 74.6 
Construction:
Land acquisition & development0.5 3.4 (0.4)(2.6)0.4 1.3 
Residential construction2.4 — 1.1 — 0.1 3.6 
Commercial construction6.0 0.2 31.6 (6.6)— 31.2 
Total construction8.9 3.6 32.3 (9.2)0.5 36.1 
Residential real estate:
Residential 1-4 family13.4 0.1 6.9 (0.2)0.3 20.5 
Home equity and HELOC1.2 — — (0.1)0.5 1.6 
Total residential real estate14.6 0.1 6.9 (0.3)0.8 22.1 
Agricultural real estate1.9 2.3 1.5 (0.2)0.4 5.9 
Total real estate69.3 43.6 42.5 (21.4)4.7 138.7 
Consumer:
Indirect14.3 — 2.7 (4.0)2.3 15.3 
Direct and advance lines4.6 — 2.2 (3.7)2.1 5.2 
Credit card2.2 — 2.4 (2.4)0.6 2.8 
Total consumer21.1 — 7.3 (10.1)5.0 23.3 
Commercial:
Commercial and floor plans27.1 11.2 15.1 (6.6)2.2 49.0 
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family4.4 0.2 1.2 (0.2)0.1 5.7 
Credit card0.1 — 1.4 (1.3)— 0.2 
Total commercial31.6 11.4 17.7 (8.1)2.3 54.9 
Agricultural:
Agricultural0.3 4.5 0.9 (5.4)2.9 3.2 
Total agricultural0.3 4.5 0.9 (5.4)2.9 3.2 
Total allowance for credit losses$122.3 $59.5 $68.4 $(45.0)$14.9 $220.1 
(1) Amounts presented are exclusive of the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments which are included in Note “Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” included in this report.
(2) Amounts include $68.3 million related to the acquired GWB non-PCD loans.
December 31, 2021Beginning BalanceProvision for (reversal of) Credit LossLoans Charged-OffRecoveries CollectedEnding Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1)
Real estate: 
Commercial real estate:
Non-owner occupied$25.5 $(8.3)$— $0.1 $17.3 
Owner occupied18.3 (2.7)(2.3)— 13.3 
Multi-family11.0 2.3 — — 13.3 
Total commercial real estate54.8 (8.7)(2.3)0.1 43.9 
Construction:
Land acquisition & development1.3 (0.1)(1.2)0.5 0.5 
Residential construction1.6 0.9 (0.1)— 2.4 
Commercial construction7.3 (1.3)(0.1)0.1 6.0 
Total construction10.2 (0.5)(1.4)0.6 8.9 
Residential real estate:
Residential 1-4 family11.4 2.0 — — 13.4 
Home equity and HELOC1.4 (0.4)(0.1)0.3 1.2 
Total residential real estate12.8 1.6 (0.1)0.3 14.6 
Agricultural real estate2.7 (0.1)(0.7)— 1.9 
Total real estate80.5 (7.7)(4.5)1.0 69.3 
Consumer:
Indirect16.7 (1.4)(3.5)2.5 14.3 
Direct and advance lines4.6 1.7 (2.9)1.2 4.6 
Credit card2.6 0.6 (1.8)0.8 2.2 
Total consumer23.9 0.9 (8.2)4.5 21.1 
Commercial:
Commercial and floor plans34.2 (7.3)(3.0)3.2 27.1 
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family4.7 (0.5)(0.3)0.5 4.4 
Credit card0.3 0.1 (0.4)0.1 0.1 
Total commercial39.2 (7.7)(3.7)3.8 31.6 
Agricultural:
Agricultural0.7 (0.2)(0.2)— 0.3 
Total agricultural0.7 (0.2)(0.2)— 0.3 
Total allowance for credit losses$144.3 $(14.7)$(16.6)$9.3 $122.3 
(1) Amounts presented are exclusive of the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments which are included in Note “Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” included in this report.
December 31, 2020Beginning BalanceInitial Impact of Adopting ASC 326Provision for (reversal of) Credit LossLoans Charged-OffRecoveries CollectedEnding Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1)
Real estate:  
Commercial real estate:
Non-owner occupied$8.8 $4.9 $11.7 $— $0.1 $25.5 
Owner occupied10.0 3.5 5.0 (0.4)0.2 18.3 
Multi-family0.7 6.9 3.4 — — 11.0 
Total commercial real estate19.5 15.3 20.1 (0.4)0.3 54.8 
Construction:
Land acquisition & development1.9 (0.1)(0.4)(0.5)0.4 1.3 
Residential construction1.5 (0.9)1.0 — — 1.6 
Commercial construction2.7 1.3 3.3 — — 7.3 
Total construction6.1 0.3 3.9 (0.5)0.4 10.2 
Residential real estate:
Residential 1-4 family1.8 10.6 (1.1)— 0.1 11.4 
Home equity and HELOC1.0 0.5 (0.4)— 0.3 1.4 
Total residential real estate2.8 11.1 (1.5)— 0.4 12.8 
Agricultural real estate0.5 1.8 0.4 — — 2.7 
Total real estate28.9 28.5 22.9 (0.9)1.1 80.5 
Consumer:
Indirect4.5 8.8 5.4 (4.1)2.1 16.7 
Direct and advance lines2.9 3.0 1.6 (3.9)1.0 4.6 
Credit card2.5 0.3 1.8 (2.8)0.8 2.6 
Total consumer9.9 12.1 8.8 (10.8)3.9 23.9 
Commercial:
Commercial and floor plans25.5 (5.1)20.4 (8.0)1.4 34.2 
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family5.9 (3.8)2.5 (0.1)0.2 4.7 
Credit card1.2 (1.1)1.1 (1.0)0.1 0.3 
Total commercial32.6 (10.0)24.0 (9.1)1.7 39.2 
Agricultural:
Agricultural1.6 (0.6)(0.2)(0.1)— 0.7 
Total agricultural1.6 (0.6)(0.2)(0.1)— 0.7 
Total allowance for credit losses$73.0 $30.0 $55.5 $(20.9)$6.7 $144.3 
(1) Amounts presented are exclusive of the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments which are included in Note “Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” included in this report.
Collateral-Dependent Loans
Collateral-dependent loans rely solely on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with a loan, the Company considers (1) character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; (2) the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and (3) the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. The loan may become collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and, its sources of repayment become inadequate over time. At such time, the Company develops an expectation that repayment will be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of the dates indicated:
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Collateral TypeBusiness AssetsReal PropertyOtherTotalBusiness AssetsReal PropertyOtherTotal
Real estate$1.9 $25.3 $— $27.2 $1.2 $7.0 $— $8.2 
Commercial3.1 1.5 — 4.6 1.8 1.0 — 2.8 
Agricultural2.1 5.2 — 7.3 — 0.7 — 0.7 
Total collateral-dependent$7.1 $32.0 $— $39.1 $3.0 $8.7 $— $11.7 
Aging Analysis
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans classified in the following table as greater than 90 days past due continue to accrue interest. The following tables present the contractual aging of the Company’s recorded amortized cost basis in loans by portfolio as of the dates indicated.
Total Loans
30 - 5960 - 89> 9030 or More
DaysDaysDaysDaysCurrentNon-accrualTotal
As of December 31, 2022Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoans
Loans (1)
Loans
Real estate
Commercial$5.6 $0.8 $1.1 $7.5 $8,501.5 $19.6 $8,528.6 
Construction:
Land acquisition & development1.8 — 0.6 2.4 380.1 3.7 386.2 
Residential1.1 — — 1.1 515.1 — 516.2 
Commercial7.5 0.6 — 8.1 1,033.9 — 1,042.0 
Total construction loans10.4 0.6 0.6 11.6 1,929.1 3.7 1,944.4 
Residential9.9 2.1 1.2 13.2 2,168.7 6.4 2,188.3 
Agricultural1.1 6.1 — 7.2 780.1 7.6 794.9 
Total real estate loans27.0 9.6 2.9 39.5 13,379.4 37.3 13,456.2 
Consumer:
Indirect consumer9.3 2.4 0.6 12.3 814.7 2.7 829.7 
Other consumer0.8 0.3 0.1 1.2 151.4 0.3 152.9 
Credit card0.8 0.4 0.6 1.8 74.1 — 75.9 
Total consumer loans10.9 3.1 1.3 15.3 1,040.2 3.0 1,058.5 
Commercial7.1 1.7 2.1 10.9 2,861.5 10.2 2,882.6 
Agricultural0.8 2.2 0.1 3.1 696.5 8.7 708.3 
Other, including overdrafts— — — — 9.2 — 9.2 
Loans held for investment$45.8 $16.6 $6.4 $68.8 $17,986.8 $59.2 $18,114.8 
Total Loans
30 - 5960 - 89> 9030 or More
DaysDaysDaysDaysCurrentNon-accrualTotal
As of December 31, 2021Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoans
Loans (1)
Loans
Real estate
Commercial$1.1 $1.0 $0.6 $2.7 $3,960.8 $8.0 $3,971.5 
Construction:
Land acquisition & development0.2 — — 0.2 246.9 0.7 247.8 
Residential4.2 — — 4.2 257.8 — 262.0 
Commercial— — — — 498.0 — 498.0 
Total construction loans4.4 — — 4.4 1,002.7 0.7 1,007.8 
Residential3.0 0.8 0.1 3.9 1,531.4 2.9 1,538.2 
Agricultural1.9 0.2 — 2.1 206.9 4.9 213.9 
Total real estate loans10.4 2.0 0.7 13.1 6,701.8 16.5 6,731.4 
Consumer:
Indirect consumer5.1 1.4 0.4 6.9 729.0 1.7 737.6 
Other consumer0.5 0.2 0.1 0.8 128.3 0.1 129.2 
Credit card0.6 0.2 0.5 1.3 63.6 — 64.9 
Total consumer loans6.2 1.8 1.0 9.0 920.9 1.8 931.7 
Commercial4.9 0.7 1.1 6.7 1,463.8 5.0 1,475.5 
Agricultural0.7 — — 0.7 201.6 1.6 203.9 
Other, including overdrafts— — — — 1.5 — 1.5 
Loans held for investment$22.2 $4.5 $2.8 $29.5 $9,289.6 $24.9 $9,344.0 
(1) As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, none of our non-accrual loans were earning interest income. Additionally, no material interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $1.5 million accrued interest was reversed at December 31, 2022.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Modifications of performing loans are made in the ordinary course of business and are completed on a case-by-case basis through negotiation with the borrower in connection with the ongoing loan collection processes. Loan modifications are made to provide borrowers payment relief and typically include adjustments such as changes to interest rates, the implementation of interest only periods of less than twelve months, the deferment of short-term payments, and extension of amortization periods. A loan modification is considered a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company, for economic or legal reasons, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not under other circumstances. Certain troubled loans are on non-accrual status at the time of debt restructuring. These restructured loans may be returned to accrual status if the borrower has exhibited sustained repayment performance in compliance with the restructuring agreement for a period of at least six months and the Company is reasonably assured of the borrower’s future performance. If the TDR meets these performance criteria, and the interest rate granted at the modification date is equal to or greater than the rate that the Company might grant for a new loan at the same time at comparable risk, then the loan will be reclassified to performing status and the accrual of interest will resume. Loans that return to performing status will continue to be evaluated individually for credit deterioration in the ordinary course of business.
The 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) provided financial institutions with options on the treatment of TDRs, and the Company elected to apply these options at the individual loan level. Under the CARES Act, the Company could elect: (1) to suspend the requirements under GAAP for loan modifications related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID–19”) pandemic that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR; and/or (2) to suspend any determination of a loan modified as being a TDR as a result of the effects of the COVID–19 pandemic, including impairment for accounting purposes. If the Company elects a suspension noted above, the suspension (a) will be effective for the term of the loan modification, but solely with respect to any modification, including a forbearance arrangement, an interest rate modification, a repayment plan, and any other similar arrangement that defers or delays the payment of principal or interest, occurring for a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (b) will not apply to any adverse impact on the credit of a borrower that is not related to the COVID–19 pandemic. These suspensions ended on January 2, 2022.
The Company renegotiated loans in TDRs in the amount of $64.6 million as of December 31, 2022, of which $4.2 million were included in non-accrual loans and $60.4 million were on accrual status. As of December 31, 2022, the Company allocated $1.1 million of allowance for credit losses to those loans and the Company had no material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose existing loans have been renegotiated or are classified as non-accrual.
The Company renegotiated loans in TDRs in the amount of $6.2 million as of December 31, 2021, of which $3.9 million were included in non-accrual loans and $2.3 million were on accrual status. As of December 31, 2021, the Company allocated $0.1 million of allowance for credit losses to those loans and the Company had no material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose existing loans have been renegotiated or are classified as non-accrual.
The Company had $71.7 million of new TDRs during the period ended December 31, 2022 and no material new TDRs during the periods ending December 31, 2021 and 2020. The following table presents information of the Company’s TDRs that occurred for the period indicated:
Number of NotesType of ConcessionPrincipal Balance at Restructure
December 31, 2022Interest only periodExtension of term or amortization scheduleInterest rate adjustment
Other (1)
Commercial real estate4$3.2 $4.2 $— $46.3 $53.7 
Residential real estate 2— 0.6 — — 0.6 
Agriculture real estate2— 9.0 — — 9.0 
Commercial3— 1.9 — 0.6 2.5 
Agriculture1— — — 5.9 5.9 
Total loans restructured during period12$3.2 $15.7 $— $52.8 $71.7 
(1) Other includes concessions that reduce or defer payments for a specified period of time and/or concessions that do not fit into other designated categories.
For TDRs that were on non-accrual status or otherwise deemed collateral-dependent before a modification, the Company may record an allowance for credit losses depending on the circumstances. In periods after modification, the Company continues to evaluate all TDRs for possible credit deterioration and, where deterioration is observed, recognizes credit loss through the allowance. Additionally, the Company continues to work these loans through the credit cycle through charge-off, pay-off, or foreclosure. Financial effects of modifications of TDRs may include principal loan forgiveness or other charge-offs directly related to the restructuring. The Company had $5.7 million in charge-offs directly related to modifying an acquired PCD loan, for which a TDR was initiated during the period ending December 31, 2022. The Company had no charge-offs directly related to TDRs during the periods ending December 31, 2021, and 2020.
The Company had no material TDRs resulting in payment default during the periods ending December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The Company considers a payment default to occur on TDRs when the loan is 90 days or more past due or is placed on non-accrual status after the modification.
During the period ending December 31, 2022, the Company modified the terms of certain other loans with a total recorded investment of $743.3 million where the loan did not meet the definition of a TDR and the borrowers had not been experiencing financial difficulties or there were delays in a payment considered to be insignificant. The Company determines whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty by evaluating the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification as required under the Company’s internal underwriting policy.
Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans (PCD)
The Company analyzes all acquired loans at the time of acquisition for more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination date. Such loans are classified as PCD, also referred to as PCD loans. Acquired loans classified as PCD are recorded at an initial amortized cost, which is comprised of the purchase price of the loans plus the initial allowance for credit losses for the loans, and any resulting discount or premium related to factors other than credit. The Company accounts for interest income on PCD loans using the interest method, whereby any purchase discounts or premiums are accreted or amortized into interest income as an adjustment of the loan’s yield.
The following table reconciles the par value, or initial amortized cost, of PCD loans acquired in the GWB acquisition as of the date of the acquisition with the purchase price (or initial fair value of the loans) as amended for measurement period adjustments as of December 31, 2022:
Purchase price (initial fair value)$623.3 
Allowance for credit losses (1)
298.2 
Discount attributable to other factors (2)
57.7 
Par value (unpaid principal balance)$979.2 
(1) For acquired PCD loans, an allowance of $298.2 million was required with a corresponding increase to the amortized cost basis as of the acquisition date. For PCD loans where all or a portion of the loan balance had been previously written-off by GWB, or would be subject to write-off under the Company’s charge-off policy, a CECL allowance of $238.7 million, included as part of the grossed-up loan balance at acquisition was immediately written-off. The net impact to the allowance for PCD assets on the acquisition date was $59.5 million.
(2) Non-credit discount includes the difference between the amortized cost basis and the unpaid principal balance of $39.6 million established on GWB PCD loans acquired and interest applied to principal of $18.1 million.
Credit Quality Indicators
As part of the on-going and continuous monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks internally assigned risk classifications of loans based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt. The factors considered by the Company include, among other factors, the borrower’s current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the credit risk of the loans. This analysis generally includes loans with an outstanding balance greater than $1.0 million, which are generally considered non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial loans and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed no less than on an annual basis, depending upon the size of exposure and the contractual obligations governing the borrower’s financial reporting frequency. Homogeneous loans, including small business loans, are typically managed by payment performance. The Company internally risk rates its loans in accordance with a Uniform Classification System developed jointly by the various bank regulatory agencies. The Uniform Classification System defines three broad categories of criticized assets, which the Company uses as credit quality indicators in addition to the 6 Pass ratings in its 10-point rating scale:
Special Mention — includes loans that exhibit a potential weakness in financial condition, loan structure, or documentation that warrants management’s close attention. If not promptly corrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard — includes loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower which have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Although the primary source of repayment for a substandard loan may not currently be sufficient, collateral or other sources of repayment are sufficient to satisfy the debt. Continuance of a substandard loan is not warranted unless positive steps are taken to improve the worthiness of the credit.
Doubtful — includes loans that exhibit pronounced weaknesses based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values to a point where collection or liquidation for full repayment is highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful loans are required to be placed on non-accrual status and are assigned specific loss exposure.
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above-described process are considered pass-rated loans.
The Company evaluates the credit quality and loan performance for the allowance for credit loan losses of the following segments based on the aforementioned risk scale for the periods indicated:
December 31, 2022
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Pass$1,162.6 $861.3 $661.1 $467.6 $241.5 $890.4 $29.2 $4,313.7 
Special mention1.0 6.8 2.3 4.6 — 7.4 — 22.1 
Substandard0.1 13.9 10.8 18.2 19.6 9.8 — 72.4 
Total$1,163.7 $882.0 $674.2 $490.4 $261.1 $907.6 $29.2 $4,408.2 
Commercial real estate owner occupied:
Pass$793.0 $718.7 $533.9 $266.3 $165.8 $551.3 $18.2 $3,047.2 
Special mention10.9 14.2 12.3 6.1 5.6 5.5 1.1 55.7 
Substandard8.4 3.0 2.3 8.9 8.5 17.2 0.5 48.8 
Doubtful0.4 1.4 — — — — — 1.8 
Total$812.7 $737.3 $548.5 $281.3 $179.9 $574.0 $19.8 $3,153.5 
Commercial multi-family:
Pass$369.2 $204.9 $189.0 $52.1 $35.0 $113.7 $1.0 $964.9 
Special mention— — — — — 1.7 — 1.7 
Substandard— — — — — 0.3 — 0.3 
Total$369.2 $204.9 $189.0 $52.1 $35.0 $115.7 $1.0 $966.9 
Land, acquisition and development:
Pass$152.5 $114.4 $29.5 $17.0 $10.9 $28.4 $22.2 $374.9 
Special mention6.7 — — — 0.2 0.3 — 7.2 
Substandard— 0.3 0.2 — — 0.4 — 0.9 
Doubtful— 3.2 — — — — — 3.2 
Total$159.2 $117.9 $29.7 $17.0 $11.1 $29.1 $22.2 $386.2 
Residential construction:
Pass$118.4 $119.9 $0.4 $0.3 $0.4 $5.8 $270.1 $515.3 
Substandard— 0.5 — — — 0.4 — 0.9 
Total$118.4 $120.4 $0.4 $0.3 $0.4 $6.2 $270.1 $516.2 
Commercial construction:
Pass$442.7 $374.8 $89.7 $45.9 $0.4 $— $10.6 $964.1 
Special mention2.3 — 23.1 — — — 11.3 36.7 
Substandard16.8 24.4 — — — — — 41.2 
Total$461.8 $399.2 $112.8 $45.9 $0.4 $— $21.9 $1,042.0 
Agricultural real estate:
Pass$180.0 $172.8 $109.5 $64.8 $46.6 $105.1 $31.4 $710.2 
Special mention22.4 0.7 1.2 2.6 10.0 3.2 11.0 51.1 
Substandard1.8 12.3 3.5 0.6 2.7 11.3 0.1 32.3 
Doubtful— — 1.3 — — — — 1.3 
Total$204.2 $185.8 $115.5 $68.0 $59.3 $119.6 $42.5 $794.9 
Commercial and floor plans:
Pass$501.7 $358.9 $214.4 $124.3 $120.3 $171.1 $631.6 $2,122.3 
Special mention15.9 6.8 1.3 4.4 0.9 4.9 18.5 52.7 
Substandard9.8 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.1 47.2 72.7 
Doubtful0.3 1.3 — — — — 0.1 1.7 
Total$527.7 $370.3 $219.4 $132.1 $124.4 $178.1 $697.4 $2,249.4 
December 31, 2022
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family:
Pass$191.7 $134.5 $69.8 $30.4 $29.9 $39.5 $28.9 $524.7 
Special mention0.1 1.2 2.1 0.2 1.4 0.2 — 5.2 
Substandard0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.2 — 3.0 
Total$192.0 $136.0 $72.0 $30.9 $32.2 $40.9 $28.9 $532.9 
Agricultural:
Pass$127.2 $59.7 $31.8 $10.6 $8.6 $3.1 $375.1 $616.1 
Special mention26.1 2.8 0.4 1.0 0.3 — 26.2 56.8 
Substandard22.8 4.6 2.8 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.8 33.0 
Doubtful— 0.5 — — — — — 0.5 
Total$176.1 $67.6 $35.0 $12.2 $10.1 $3.3 $402.1 $706.4 
December 31, 2021
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20212020201920182017PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Pass$507.9 $452.2 $237.9 $150.4 $76.3 $409.0 $15.3 $1,849.0 
Special mention0.2 3.1 2.1 — — 3.6 — 9.0 
Substandard3.9 15.3 2.3 0.7 1.0 12.4 — 35.6 
Total$512.0 $470.6 $242.3 $151.1 $77.3 $425.0 $15.3 $1,893.6 
Commercial real estate owner occupied:
Pass$452.7 $314.9 $235.0 $151.0 $94.5 $322.5 $14.2 $1,584.8 
Special mention1.3 3.2 1.5 7.4 3.5 13.8 — 30.7 
Substandard3.8 4.3 4.7 5.4 2.7 20.3 — 41.2 
Total$457.8 $322.4 $241.2 $163.8 $100.7 $356.6 $14.2 $1,656.7 
Commercial multi-family:
Pass$129.1 $118.6 $43.9 $15.4 $36.0 $76.7 $1.5 $421.2 
Total$129.1 $118.6 $43.9 $15.4 $36.0 $76.7 $1.5 $421.2 
Land, acquisition and development:
Pass$113.0 $41.5 $34.2 $14.8 $19.8 $20.8 $1.2 $245.3 
Special mention— 0.1 — — 0.1 0.3 — 0.5 
Substandard0.8 0.2 — 0.6 0.3 0.1 — 2.0 
Total$113.8 $41.8 $34.2 $15.4 $20.2 $21.2 $1.2 $247.8 
Residential construction:
Pass$112.4 $7.0 $13.7 $0.9 $— $— $127.2 $261.2 
Substandard— 0.4 — — 0.4 — — 0.8 
Total$112.4 $7.4 $13.7 $0.9 $0.4 $— $127.2 $262.0 
Commercial construction:
Pass$209.7 $141.4 $118.8 $27.6 $— $0.5 $— $498.0 
Total$209.7 $141.4 $118.8 $27.6 $— $0.5 $— $498.0 
Agricultural real estate:
Pass$58.3 $36.9 $35.1 $22.6 $11.8 $28.1 $4.9 $197.7 
Special mention0.1 1.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 4.6 
Substandard4.0 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.3 4.3 — 11.6 
Total$62.4 $38.6 $37.3 $23.3 $13.2 $33.3 $5.8 $213.9 
December 31, 2021
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20212020201920182017PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial and floor plans:
Pass$394.2 $165.7 $94.5 $73.5 $47.1 $91.3 $224.7 $1,091.0 
Special mention0.8 11.4 0.8 0.8 3.0 2.3 7.0 26.1 
Substandard1.3 2.8 1.6 2.6 0.6 4.1 2.6 15.6 
Total$396.3 $179.9 $96.9 $76.9 $50.7 $97.7 $234.3 $1,132.7 
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family:
Pass$94.9 $55.0 $27.8 $23.1 $15.3 $32.2 $14.4 $262.7 
Special mention— 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.6 — 1.6 
Substandard1.3 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.1 5.3 
Total$96.2 $56.4 $28.6 $24.2 $15.6 $34.1 $14.5 $269.6 
Agricultural:
Pass$35.1 $16.2 $9.0 $5.4 $2.1 $1.6 $108.9 $178.3 
Special mention0.2 4.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.3 7.0 12.7 
Substandard4.9 0.7 0.6 2.5 — 0.1 2.6 11.4 
Total$40.2 $21.0 $9.7 $8.3 $2.7 $2.0 $118.5 $202.4 
The Company evaluates the credit quality, loan performance, and the allowance for credit losses of its residential and consumer loan portfolios based primarily on the aging status of the loan and borrower payment activity. Accordingly, loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and loans modified under TDRs are considered nonperforming for purposes of credit quality evaluation. The following tables present the recorded investment of our other loan portfolios based on the credit risk profile of loans that are performing and loans that are nonperforming as of the periods indicated:
As of December 31, 2022Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Residential 1-4 family:
Performing$258.9 $490.3 $541.6 $98.0 $32.0 $213.8 $— $1,634.6 
Nonperforming— 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 3.7 — 4.8 
Total$258.9 $490.5 $541.7 $98.5 $32.3 $217.5 $— $1,639.4 
Consumer home equity and HELOC:
Performing$23.8 $8.0 $5.2 $5.5 $5.6 $15.2 $482.8 $546.1 
Nonperforming0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.2 2.8 
Total$24.4 $8.3 $5.4 $5.7 $5.7 $16.4 $483.0 $548.9 
Consumer indirect:
Performing$380.3 $176.4 $130.0 $59.7 $33.6 $46.3 $— $826.3 
Nonperforming1.0 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 — 3.4 
Total$381.3 $177.3 $130.6 $60.0 $33.8 $46.7 $— $829.7 
Consumer direct and advance line:
Performing$52.6 $31.9 $18.2 $8.5 $6.5 $8.9 $25.8 $152.4 
Nonperforming0.1 0.1 0.1 — — 0.1 0.1 0.5 
Total$52.7 $32.0 $18.3 $8.5 $6.5 $9.0 $25.9 $152.9 
As of December 31, 2021Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20212020201920182017PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Residential 1-4 family:
Performing$360.9 $477.0 $74.7 $27.5 $25.7 $176.5 $— $1,142.3 
Nonperforming— 0.3 — — 0.2 0.8 — 1.3 
Total$360.9 $477.3 $74.7 $27.5 $25.9 $177.3 $— $1,143.6 
Consumer home equity and HELOC:
Performing$11.1 $7.0 $3.7 $4.8 $3.6 $12.0 $350.7 $392.9 
Nonperforming0.3 — 0.3 — 0.6 0.5 — 1.7 
Total$11.4 $7.0 $4.0 $4.8 $4.2 $12.5 $350.7 $394.6 
Consumer indirect:
Performing$272.6 $208.6 $108.3 $64.0 $37.0 $45.0 $— $735.5 
Nonperforming0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 — 2.1 
Total$273.1 $209.1 $108.7 $64.2 $37.1 $45.4 $— $737.6 
Consumer direct and advance line:
Performing$42.5 $27.9 $15.0 $13.3 $5.8 $7.6 $16.9 $129.0 
Nonperforming0.1 — — 0.1 — — — 0.2 
Total$42.6 $27.9 $15.0 $13.4 $5.8 $7.6 $16.9 $129.2 
While the Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio on the allowance for credit losses, for certain credit card loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity of the credit card holder. The following table presents the recorded investment in credit card loans based on payment activity for the periods indicated:
As of December 31, 2022ConsumerCommercialAgriculturalTotal
Credit Card:
Performing$75.4 $100.0 $1.9 $177.3 
Nonperforming0.5 0.3 — 0.8 
Total credit card$75.9 $100.3 $1.9 $178.1 
As of December 31, 2021ConsumerCommercialAgriculturalTotal
Credit Card:
Performing$64.4 $73.1 $1.5 $139.0 
Nonperforming0.5 0.1 — 0.6 
Total credit card$64.9 $73.2 $1.5 $139.6 
In the normal course of business, there were no material purchases of portfolio loans and no material sales of loans held for investment during the periods ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.