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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Notes To Consolidated Financial Statement Abstract  
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.       SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

        At December 31, 2011, cash and cash equivalents included highly liquid investments in money market accounts consisting of government securities and high-grade commercial paper. These investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 

Short-Term and Long-Term Investments

 

       The Company's short-term and long-term investments are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are included in operations. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its available-for-sale securities to determine if a decline in value is other-than-temporary. A decline in market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is determined to be other-than-temporary results in an impairment in the fair value of the investment. Except for the impairments related to the illiquidity of the Company's auction rate floating securities (see Note 9), other-than-temporary impairments are charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related available-for-sale security. Dividends and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses and interest and dividends on securities are included in interest and investment income. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method.

 

Inventories

 

       The Company primarily utilizes third parties to manufacture and package inventories held for sale, takes title to certain inventories once manufactured, and warehouses such goods until packaged for final distribution and sale. Inventories consist of salable products held at the Company's warehouses, as well as raw materials and components at the manufacturers' facilities, and are valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method. The Company provides valuation reserves for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory in an amount equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions.

 

       Inventory costs associated with products that have not yet received regulatory approval are capitalized if, in the view of the Company's management, there is probable future commercial use and future economic benefit. If future commercial use and future economic benefit are not considered probable, then costs associated with pre-launch inventory that has not yet received regulatory approval are expensed as research and development expense during the period the costs are incurred. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there were no costs capitalized into inventory for products that had not yet received regulatory approval.

 

Inventories are as follows (amounts in thousands):

  DECEMBER 31,
  2011 2010
       
  Raw materials $ 9,100 $ 15,801
  Work-in-process  5,495   3,236
  Finished goods   29,250   24,838
  Valuation reserve   (9,326)   (8,593)
       
  Total inventories $ 34,519 $ 35,282

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of property and equipment (two to five years). Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term.

 

Capitalized internal-use software includes direct costs associated with the acquisition or development of computer software for internal use, including costs associated with the design, coding and testing of the system. Costs associated with initial development, such as the evaluation and selection of alternatives, as well as training, support and maintenance, are expensed as incurred.

 

Property and equipment consist of the following (amounts in thousands):

 

  DECEMBER 31,
  2011 2010
       
 Furniture, fixtures and equipment$ 26,307 $ 21,060
 Capitalized internal-use software  18,801   15,935
 Leasehold improvements  14,596   14,564
    59,704   51,559
 Less: accumulated depreciation  (34,623)   (27,124)
  $ 25,081 $ 24,435

Total depreciation expense from continuing operations for property and equipment was approximately $7.5 million, $6.8 million and $5.9 million for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

Goodwill

       

Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired.  The Company is required to perform an impairment assessment at least annually, and more frequently under certain circumstances.  The goodwill is subject to this annual impairment test during the last quarter of the Company's fiscal year.  If the Company determines through the impairment process that goodwill has been impaired, the Company will record the impairment charge in the statement of operations.  For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, there was no impairment charge related to goodwill.  There can be no assurance that future goodwill impairment tests will not result in a charge to earnings.

 

The following is a summary of changes in the Company's recorded goodwill during 2010 and 2011 (amounts in thousands):

 Balance at December 31, 2009 $ 93,282
 Adjustment of LipoSonix tax   
  attributes acquired   (884)
 Balance at December 31, 2010   92,398
 Relative fair value allocation of   
  goodwill attributable to LipoSonix   
  upon sale to Solta    (2,122)
 Goodwill acquired from the acquisition   
  of assets of Graceway   112,351
 Balance at December 31, 2011 $ 202,627

Prior to December 31, 2009, there were no impairments made to the Company's recorded goodwill.

 

Intangible Assets

 

The Company has acquired license agreements, product rights and other identifiable intangible assets. The Company amortizes capitalized intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives, which range between 1 and 25 years. Intangible assets related to in-process research and development products acquired in business combinations will be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives upon regulatory approval of the respective products in development. Details of total intangible assets were as follows (dollars in thousands):

  WeightedDecember 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
  Average  Accumulated     Accumulated  
  LifeGrossAmortizationNet GrossAmortization Net
                
Related to product line              
 acquisitions12.1$ 538,990$ (149,876)$ 389,114 $ 315,459$ (125,260)$ 190,199
Related to acquired              
 in-process research and              
 development assets-  85,970  -  85,970   -  -  -
Related to business              
 combinations9.6  16,754  (186)  16,568   -  -  -
Patents and trademarks 19.3  7,270  (2,180)  5,090   7,031  (1,922)  5,109
Other-  5,750  -  5,750   -  -  -
Total intangible assets  $ 654,734$ (152,242)$ 502,492 $ 322,490$ (127,182)$ 195,308

Total amortization expense from continuing operations was approximately $25.1 million, $21.3 million and $22.0 million for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Based on the intangible assets recorded at December 31, 2011, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, annual amortization expense for the next five years is expected to be as follows: $62.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, $60.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, $50.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, $49.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $48.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company assesses the potential impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant under-performance of a product line in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the Company's use of the assets. Recoverability of assets that will continue to be used in the Company's operations is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset grouping to the Company's estimate of the related total future net cash flows. If an asset carrying value is not recoverable through the related cash flows, the asset is considered to be impaired. The impairment is measured by the difference between the asset grouping's carrying amount and its present value of anticipated net cash flows, based on the best information available, including market prices or discounted cash flow analysis.  If the assets determined to be impaired are to be held and used, the Company recognizes an impairment loss through a charge to operating results to the extent the present value of anticipated net cash flows attributable to the asset are less than the asset's carrying value.  When it is determined that the useful lives of assets are shorter than originally estimated, and there are sufficient cash flows to support the carrying value of the assets, the Company will accelerate the rate of amortization charges in order to fully amortize the assets over their new shorter useful lives.

 

       This process requires the use of estimates and assumptions, which are subject to a high degree of judgment. If these assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment charges for these assets.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, intangible assets related to certain of the Company's products were determined to be impaired based on the Company's analysis of the intangible assets' carrying value and projected future cash flows. As a result of the impairment analysis, the Company recorded a write-down of approximately $16.5 million related to these intangible assets. This write-down included the following (in thousands):

 

       Intangible asset related to product not yet launched       $ 14,000

       Intangible asset related to authorized generic product        2,509

                     $ 16,509

 

Factors affecting the future cash flows of the product not yet launched included delays in the program to extend the expiration date of the product. The rights to the previously-approved product were obtained by the Company during the fourth quarter of 2009. The Company deferred the launching of the product until it could extend the expiry dating. The Company has not yet been able to complete its testing of changes to the product that are expected to result in an extension of expiry dating. As a result, the Company is now pursuing the development of a similar product with another partner, as it is uncertain whether the originally acquired product will have extended expiry dating and be launched before the alternative product is approved and launched. The $14.0 million write-down of the intangible asset represented the full carrying value of the intangible asset as of December 31, 2011. Amortization of the intangible asset had not commenced as the product had not yet launched.

 

Factors affecting the future cash flows of the contract revenue related to the authorized generic product included projected net revenues for the authorized generic product for which the Company receives contract revenue being less than originally anticipated.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, an intangible asset related to certain of the Company's non-primary products was determined to be impaired based on the Company's analysis of the intangible asset's carrying value and projected future cash flows. As a result of the impairment analysis, the Company recorded a write-down of approximately $2.3 million related to this intangible asset.

 

Factors affecting the future cash flows of the non-primary products related to the intangible asset include the planned discontinuation of the products, which are not significant components of the Company's operations. In addition, as a result of the impairment analysis, the remaining amortizable life of the intangible asset was reduced to five months. The intangible asset became fully amortized on February 28, 2011.

 

Managed Care and Medicaid Reserves

 

       Rebates are contractual discounts offered to government agencies and private health plans that are eligible for such discounts at the time prescriptions are dispensed, subject to various conditions. The Company records provisions for rebates based on factors such as timing and terms of plans under contract, time to process rebates, product pricing, sales volumes, amount of inventory in the distribution channel and prescription trends.

 

Consumer Rebate and Loyalty Programs

 

Consumer rebate and loyalty programs are contractual discounts and incentives offered to consumers at the time prescriptions are dispensed, subject to various conditions. The Company estimates its accruals for consumer rebates based on estimated redemption rates and average rebate amounts based on historical and other relevant data. The Company estimates its accruals for loyalty programs, which are related to the Company's aesthetic products, based on an estimate of eligible procedures based on historical and other relevant data.

 

Other Current Liabilities

 

Other current liabilities are as follows (amounts in thousands):

  DECEMBER 31,
  2011 2010
       
 Accrued incentives, including SARs liability$ 41,516 $ 33,923
 Deferred revenue  13,703   16,422
 Other accrued expenses  23,566   24,883
  $ 78,785 $ 75,228

Deferred revenue is comprised of the following (amounts in thousands):

  DECEMBER 31,
  2011 2010
       
 Deferred revenue - aesthetics products, net     
  of cost of revenue$ 13,349 $10,334
 Current portion of deferred contract revenue  -  3,014
 Deferred revenue - sales into distribution      
  channel in excess of eight weeks of     
  projected demand  212  582
 Other deferred revenue  142  2,492
  $ 13,703 $16,422

The Company defers revenue, and the related cost of revenue, of its aesthetics products, including DYSPORT®, PERLANE® and RESTYLANE®, until its exclusive U.S. distributor ships the product to physicians. The current portion of deferred contract revenue as of December 31, 2010 was related to the Company's strategic collaboration with Hyperion (see Note 6). The Company also defers the recognition of revenue for certain sales of inventory into the distribution channel that are in excess of eight (8) weeks of projected demand.

 

Revenue Recognition

              

       Revenue from product sales is recognized pursuant to ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when all four of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery of the products has occurred; (iii) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured. The Company's customers consist primarily of large pharmaceutical wholesalers who sell directly into the retail channel. Provisions for estimated product returns, sales discounts, chargebacks and managed care and Medicaid rebates are established as a reduction of product sales revenues at the time such revenues are recognized. Provisions for consumer rebate and loyalty programs are established as a reduction of product sales revenues at the later of the date at which revenue is recognized or the date at which the sales incentive is offered. These deductions from gross revenue are established by the Company's management as its best estimate based on historical experience adjusted to reflect known changes in the factors that impact such reserves, including but not limited to, prescription data, industry trends, competitive developments and estimated inventory in the distribution channel. The Company's estimates of inventory in the distribution channel are based on inventory information reported to the Company by its major wholesale customers for which the Company has inventory management agreements, historical shipment and return information from its accounting records, and data on prescriptions filled, which the Company purchases from one of the leading providers of prescription-based information. The Company continually monitors internal and external data, in order to ensure that information obtained from external sources is reasonable. The Company also utilizes projected prescription demand for its products, as well as, the Company's internal information regarding its products. These deductions from gross revenue are generally reflected either as a direct reduction to accounts receivable through an allowance, as a reserve within current liabilities, or as an addition to accrued expenses.

 

The Company enters into licensing arrangements with other parties whereby the Company receives contract revenue based on the terms of the agreement. The timing of revenue recognition is dependent on the level of the Company's continuing involvement in the manufacture and delivery of licensed products. If the Company has continuing involvement, the revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of continuing involvement. In addition, if the licensing arrangements require no continuing involvement and payments are merely based on the passage of time, the Company assesses such payments for revenue recognition under the collectibility criteria of ASC 605. Direct costs related to contract acquisition and origination of licensing agreements are expensed as incurred.

       

The Company does not provide any material forms of price protection to its wholesale customers and permits product returns if the product is damaged, or, depending on the customer and product, if it is returned within 6 months prior to expiration or up to 12 months after expiration. The Company's customers consist principally of financially viable wholesalers, and depending on the customer, revenue is based upon shipment (“FOB shipping point”) or receipt (“FOB destination”), net of estimated provisions. As a result of certain modifications made to the Company's distribution services agreement with McKesson, the Company's exclusive U.S. distributor of its aesthetics products DYSPORT®, PERLANE® and RESTYLANE®, the Company began recognizing revenue on these products upon the shipment from McKesson to physicians beginning in the second quarter of 2009. As a general practice, the Company does not ship prescription product that has less than 12 months until its expiration date. The Company also authorizes returns for damaged products and credits for expired products in accordance with its returned goods policy and procedures.

 

Advertising

 

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses from continuing operations for 2011, 2010 and 2009 were $65.5 million, $58.4 million and $49.2 million, respectively. Advertising expenses include samples of the Company's products given to physicians for marketing to their patients.

 

Shipping and Handling Costs

 

       Substantially all costs of shipping and handling of products to customers are included in selling, general and administrative expense. Shipping and handling costs from continuing operations for 2011, 2010 and 2009 were approximately $3.0 million, $3.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

 

Research and Development Costs and Accounting for Strategic Collaborations

 

       All research and development costs, including payments related to products under development and research consulting agreements, are expensed as incurred. The Company may continue to make non-refundable payments to third parties for new technologies and for research and development work that has been completed. These payments may be expensed at the time of payment depending on the nature of the payment made and the related stage of the research and development project.

 

       The Company's policy on accounting for costs of strategic collaborations determines the timing of the recognition of certain development costs. In addition, this policy determines whether the cost is classified as development expense or capitalized as an asset. Management is required to form judgments with respect to the commercial status of such products in determining whether development costs meet the criteria for immediate expense or capitalization. For example, when the Company acquires certain products for which there is already an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) or a New Drug Application (“NDA”) approval related directly to the product, and there is net realizable value based on projected sales for these products, the Company capitalizes the amount paid as an intangible asset.

 

Research and development expense for 2011, 2010 and 2009 was as follows (amounts in thousands):

 

 YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 2011 2010 2009
         
Ongoing research and development costs$ 31,707 $ 24,723 $ 25,109
Payments related to strategic collaborations  35,500   18,900   32,500
Share-based compensation expense  1,163   646   489
Total research and development$ 68,370 $ 44,269 $ 58,098

Income Taxes

 

       Income taxes are determined using an annual effective tax rate, which generally differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate, primarily because of state and local income taxes, enhanced charitable contribution deductions for inventory, tax credits available in the U.S., the treatment of certain share-based payments that are not designed to normally result in tax deductions, various expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes, changes in the reserve for uncertain tax positions, changes in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets and differences in tax rates in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. The Company's effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuations during the year as new information is obtained which may affect the assumptions it uses to estimate its annual effective tax rate, including factors such as its mix of pre-tax earnings in the various tax jurisdictions in which it operates, changes in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, reserves for tax audit issues and settlements, utilization of tax credits and changes in tax laws in jurisdictions where the Company conducts operations. The Company recognizes tax benefits only if the tax position is more likely than not of being sustained. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of its assets and liabilities, along with net operating losses and credit carryforwards. The Company records valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets to reduce the net carrying value to amounts that management believes is more likely than not to be realized.

 

Legal Contingencies

 

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in legal proceedings involving regulatory inquiries, contractual and employment relationships, product liability claims, patent rights, and a variety of other matters. The Company records contingent liabilities resulting from asserted and unasserted claims against it, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss is estimable. Estimating probable losses requires analysis of multiple factors, in some cases including judgments about the potential actions of third-party claimants and courts. Therefore, actual losses in any future period are inherently uncertain. Currently, the Company does not believe any of its pending legal proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial condition. See Note 12 for further discussion.

 

Foreign Currency Translations

 

The local currency is typically the functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries. The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. Dollars. All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income statement amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year. The gains and losses resulting from the changes in exchange rates from year to year have been reported in other comprehensive income. Total accumulated gains from foreign currency translation, included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, was approximately $1.6 million at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Transaction losses from continuing operations included in the consolidated statements of income for 2011, 2010 and 2009 were $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

 

Earnings Per Common Share

 

Basic and diluted earnings per common share are calculated in accordance with the requirements of ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Because the Company has Contingent Convertible Debt (see Note 11), diluted net income per common share must be calculated using the “if-converted” method. The impact on diluted net income per common share from the Contingent Convertible Debt is calculated by adjusting net income for tax-effected net interest on the debt, divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding assuming conversion. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share also includes the impact of the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding share-based compensation awards were exercised or converted into common stock, using the treasury stock method.

 

Unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities, and thus, should be included in the two-class method of computing earnings per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that would otherwise have been available to common stockholders. Restricted stock granted to certain employees by the Company (see Note 16) participate in dividends on the same basis as common shares, and these dividends are not forfeitable by the holders of the restricted stock. As a result, the restricted stock grants meet the definition of a participating security.

 

A detailed presentation of earnings per share is included in Note 18.

 

Use of Estimates and Risks and Uncertainties

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates that require management's most significant, difficult and subjective judgments include the reductions to revenue recorded at the time of sale for various items, including sales returns and rebate reserves; the valuation of share-based compensation awards; the recognition of inventory obsolescence reserves and the capitalization of inventory costs for products that have not yet received regulatory approval; the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets and goodwill; the valuation of auction rate floating securities; the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities; the accounting for research and development costs and strategic collaborations; and the recognition and measurement of legal contingencies. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management's estimates.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Long-term investments are carried at fair value based on market quotations and a discounted cash flow analysis for auction rate floating securities. The fair value of the Company's contingent convertible senior notes, based on market quotations, is approximately $202.5 million at December 31, 2011.

 

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

 

During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company made interest payments of $4.7 million, $4.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss of $21.3 million as of December 31, 2011 included, net of income tax effects, $19.8 million of unamortized prior service costs related to the Company's supplemental executive retirement plan and $3.1 million of accumulated unrealized losses related the Company's short-term and long-term available-for-sale securities investments, partially offset by $1.6 million of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (Topic 820) – Fair Value Measurement, to provide a consistent definition of fair value and ensure that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU No. 2011-04 changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances the disclosure requirements, particularly for level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and must be applied prospectively. The Company is currently assessing what impact, if any, the revised guidance will have on its results of operations and financial condition.

 

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. The updated guidance amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Codification”) to allow an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both alternatives, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. ASU No. 2011-05 eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. The amendments to the Codification in the ASU do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. ASU No. 2011-05 will be applied retrospectively. ASU No. 2011-05 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively. It is expected that the adoption of this amendment will only impact the presentation of comprehensive income within the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. The updated guidance permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value before applying the two-step goodwill impairment model that is currently in place. If it is determined through the qualitative assessment that a reporting unit's fair value is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, the remaining impairment steps would be unnecessary. The qualitative assessment is optional, allowing companies to go directly to the quantitative assessment. ASU 2011-08 is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing what impact, if any, the revised guidance will have on its results of operations and financial condition.