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Revenue (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Oct. 30, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation of Revenue The following table presents this disaggregation of revenue (in millions):
Three Months Ended
October 30,
2021		October 24,
2020
Product revenue:
Secure, Agile Networks$5,967 $5,434 
Hybrid Work1,109 1,193 
End-to-End Security895 861 
Internet for the Future1,374 942 
Optimized Application Experiences181 153 
Other Products3 3 
Total Product9,529 8,587 
Services3,371 3,342 
Total$12,900 $11,929 
The following table presents revenue for groups of similar products and services (in millions):
Three Months Ended
October 30,
2021		October 24,
2020
Revenue:
Secure, Agile Networks$5,967 $5,434 
Hybrid Work1,109 1,193 
End-to-End Security895 861 
Internet for the Future1,374 942 
Optimized Application Experiences181 153 
Other Products3 3 
Total Product9,529 8,587 
Services3,371 3,342 
Total$12,900 $11,929 
Allowance for Credit Loss for Accounts Receivable
The allowances for credit loss for our accounts receivable are summarized as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended
October 30, 2021October 24, 2020
Allowance for credit loss at beginning of period$109 $143 
Provisions (benefits)19 14 
Recoveries (write-offs), net(14)(6)
Foreign exchange and other— (26)
Allowance for credit loss at end of period$114 $125 
Schedule of Gross Contract Assets by Internal Risk Ratings
Gross contract assets by our internal risk ratings are summarized as follows (in millions):
October 30,
2021		July 31,
2021
1 to 4$445 $521 
5 to 6839 770 
7 and Higher154 166 
Total$1,438 $1,457