UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q 

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 001-34527

EMCLAIRE FINANCIAL CORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	25-1606091
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
612 Main Street, Emlenton, Pennsylvania	16373
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(844) 767-2311

(Registrant’s telephone number)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $1.25 per share	EMCF	NASDAQ Capital Market (NASDAQ)
(Title of Class)	(Trading Symbol)	(Name of exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐                Accelerated filer ☐                      Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☒        Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock was 2,698,712 at May 10, 2019.

EMCLAIRE FINANCIAL CORP

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1
	Consolidated Statements of Net Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5.	Other Information	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	32
Signatures		33

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Interim Financial Statements

Emclaire Financial Corp

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	2,999		$	3,623
Interest earning deposits with banks		4,728			7,332
Cash and cash equivalents		7,727			10,955
Interest earning time deposits		6,238			6,738
Securities - available-for-sale		98,992			97,718
Securities - equity investments		17			7
Loans held for sale		212			—
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $6,639 and $6,508		700,352			708,664
Federal bank stocks, at cost		5,799			6,351
Bank-owned life insurance		14,976			14,881
Accrued interest receivable		2,735			2,570
Premises and equipment, net		20,709			18,911
Goodwill		19,448			19,448
Core deposit intangible, net		1,378			1,423
Prepaid expenses and other assets		11,060			11,209
Total Assets	$	889,643		$	898,875
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	151,398		$	148,893
Interest bearing		608,029			612,653
Total deposits		759,427			761,546
Short-term borrowed funds		3,050			12,850
Long-term borrowed funds		32,250			32,500
Accrued interest payable		603			495
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		12,224			11,476
Total Liabilities		807,554			818,867
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities		—			—
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 3,000,000 shares authorized; Series C, non-cumulative preferred stock, $2.9 million liquidation value, 268,888 shares issued and outstanding; Series D, non-cumulative preferred stock, $1.3 million liquidation value, 133,705 shares issued and outstanding		4,206			4,206
Common stock, $1.25 par value, 12,000,000 shares authorized; 2,800,729 shares issued; 2,698,712 shares outstanding		3,501			3,501
Additional paid-in capital		46,491			46,401
Treasury stock, at cost; 102,017 shares		(2,114	)		(2,114	)
Retained earnings		35,489			34,371
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5,484	)		(6,357	)
Total Stockholders' Equity		82,089			80,008
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	889,643		$	898,875

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

Emclaire Financial Corp

Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Interest and dividend income:
Loans receivable, including fees	$	8,231	$	6,337
Securities:
Taxable		492		408
Exempt from federal income tax		122		152
Federal bank stocks		100		64
Interest earning deposits with banks		47		33
Total interest and dividend income		8,992		6,994
Interest expense:
Deposits		1,471		991
Borrowed funds		301		158
Total interest expense		1,772		1,149
Net interest income		7,220		5,845
Provision for loan losses		180		380
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		7,040		5,465
Noninterest income:
Fees and service charges		555		437
Net realized gain (loss) on sales of securities		2		(7	)
Net gain on sales of loans		14		22
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		95		104
Other		391		343
Total noninterest income		1,057		899
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits		2,917		2,453
Premises and equipment		886		770
Intangible asset amortization		46		69
Professional fees		221		216
Federal deposit insurance		136		137
Other		1,353		1,091
Total noninterest expense		5,559		4,736
Income before provision for income taxes		2,538		1,628
Provision for income taxes		456		266
Net income	$	2,082	$	1,362
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.77	$	0.60
Diluted earnings per common share		0.77		0.60
Average common shares outstanding - basic		2,698,712		2,271,139
Average common shares outstanding - diluted		2,712,418		2,285,315

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

Emclaire Financial Corp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net income	$	2,082		$	1,362
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized gains/(losses) on securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period		1,106			(1,292	)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income		(2	)		7
Net period change		1,104			(1,285	)
Tax effect		(231	)		270
Net of tax		873			(1,015	)
Comprehensive income	$	2,955		$	347

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

Emclaire Financial Corp

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	2,082		$	1,362
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment		325			294
Provision for loan losses		180			380
Amortization/accretion of premiums, discounts and deferred costs and fees, net		24			120
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		33			—
Amortization of intangible assets and mortgage servicing rights		62			81
Realized loss (gains) on sales of debt securities, net		(2	)		7
Change in fair value of equity securities, including realized (gains)/losses		(10	)		28
Net gains on sales of loans		(14	)		(22	)
Net loss on foreclosed real estate		14			41
Net gain on sale of premises and equipment		—			(25	)
Loans originated for sale		(724	)		(1,237	)
Proceeds from the sale of loans originated for sale		526			1,524
Write-down of foreclosed real estate		21			—
Stock compensation expense		90			75
Increase in bank-owned life insurance, net		(95	)		(84	)
Increase in accrued interest receivable		(165	)		(19	)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets		(1	)		(221	)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable		108			(46	)
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities		(1,072	)		(407	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,382			1,851
Cash flows from investing activities
Loan originations and principal collections, net		7,846			(7,992	)
Available-for-sale securities:
Sales		3,975			6,531
Maturities, repayments and calls		3,577			1,902
Purchases		(7,740	)		(5,667	)
Net change in federal bank stocks		552			333
Maturities of interest earning time deposits		500			200
Proceeds from the sale of bank premises and equipment		190			155
Purchases of premises and equipment		(704	)		(195	)
Proceeds from the sale of foreclosed real estate		146			129
Net cash used in investing activities		8,342			(4,604	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits		(2,119	)		12,092
Repayments on long-term debt		(250	)		(5,250	)
Net change in short-term borrowings		(9,800	)		(450	)
Dividends paid		(783	)		(636	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		(12,952	)		5,756
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(3,228	)		3,003
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		10,955			10,176
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	7,727		$	13,179
Supplemental information:
Interest paid	$	1,664		$	1,195
Supplemental noncash disclosure:
Transfers from loans to foreclosed real estate		283			498
Initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets		1,642			—
Initial recognition of operating lease liabilities		1,858			—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

Emclaire Financial Corp

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

	Preferred Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital - Preferred		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital - Common		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at January 1, 2018, as previously presented	$	—	$	—	$	2,966	$	31,031	$	(2,114	)	$	32,726		$	(5,518	)	$	59,091
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for marketable equity securities, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—			187			(187	)		—
Balance at January 1, 2018, as adjusted	$	—	$	—	$	2,966	$	31,031	$	(2,114	)	$	32,913		$	(5,705	)	$	59,091
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			1,362			—			1,362
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			(1,015	)		(1,015	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—		75		—			—			—			75
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.28 per share)		—		—		—		—		—			(636	)		—			(636	)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	—	$	—	$	2,966	$	31,106	$	(2,114	)	$	33,639		$	(6,720	)	$	58,877
Balance at January 1, 2019, as previously presented	$	421	$	3,785	$	3,501	$	46,401	$	(2,114	)	$	34,371		$	(6,357	)	$	80,008
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for leases and security premiums, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—			(181	)		—			(181	)
Balance at January 1, 2019, as adjusted	$	421	$	3,785	$	3,501	$	46,401	$	(2,114	)	$	34,190		$	(6,357	)	$	79,827
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			2,082			—			2,082
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—			—			873			873
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—		90		—			—			—			90
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.29 per share)		—		—		—		—		—			(783	)		—			(783	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	421	$	3,785	$	3,501	$	46,491	$	(2,114	)	$	35,489		$	(5,484	)	$	82,089

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

Emclaire Financial Corp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Emclaire Financial Corp (the Corporation) is a Pennsylvania corporation and the holding company of The Farmers National Bank of Emlenton (the Bank) and Emclaire Settlement Services, LLC (the Title Company). The Corporation provides a variety of financial services to individuals and businesses through its offices in western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia. Its primary deposit products are checking, savings and term certificate accounts and its primary lending products are residential and commercial mortgages, commercial business loans and consumer loans.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Bank and the Title Company. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for the interim periods include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary, in the opinion of management, to fairly reflect the Corporation’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. Additionally, these consolidated financial statements for the interim periods have been prepared in accordance with instructions for the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and therefore do not include all information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, as contained in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim quarterly or year-to-date periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year or any other period. Certain amounts previously reported may have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s financial statement presentation.

5

2. Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (EPS) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares for assumed issuance of restricted stock and shares issued under stock options.

The factors used in the Corporation’s earnings per common share computation follow:

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per share amounts)	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Earnings per common share
Net income	$	2,082	$	1,362
Less: Preferred stock dividends		—		—
Net income available to common stockholders	$	2,082	$	1,362
Average common shares outstanding		2,698,712		2,271,139
Add: Dilutive effects of restricted stock awards		13,706		14,176
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares		2,712,418		2,285,315
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.77	$	0.60
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.77	$	0.60
Restricted stock awards not considered in computing earnings per share because they were antidulitive		—		—

6

3. Securities

Equity Securities

The Corporation held equity securities with fair values of $17,000 and $7,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2018, with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, changes in the fair value of these securities are included in other income on the consolidated statements of net income as opposed to accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation recognized a gain of $10,000 and a loss of $5,000, respectively, on equity securities held at March 31. During the three month period ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation did not sell any equity securities.  During the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Corporation sold $961,000 of equity securities with a realized net gain of $59,000.

Debt Securities - Available-for-Sale

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s debt securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
March 31, 2019:
U.S. Treasury and federal agency	$	4,529	$	—	$	(57	)	$	4,472
U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies		14,083		24		(164	)		13,943
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities: residential		30,905		42		(142	)		30,805
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		21,866		19		(613	)		21,272
State and political subdivisions		19,921		101		(15	)		20,007
Corporate debt securities		8,505		20		(32	)		8,493
Total securities available-for-sale	$	99,809	$	206	$	(1,023	)	$	98,992
December 31, 2018:
U.S. Treasury and federal agency	$	4,532	$	—	$	(87	)	$	4,445
U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies		17,052		30		(299	)		16,783
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities: residential		27,666		—		(490	)		27,176
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		19,440		34		(810	)		18,664
State and political subdivisions		22,943		13		(224	)		22,732
Corporate debt securities		8,006		9		(97	)		7,918
Total securities available-for-sale	$	99,639	$	86	$	(2,007	)	$	97,718

The following table summarizes scheduled maturities of the Corporation’s debt securities as of March 31, 2019. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are not due at a single maturity and are shown separately.

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Available-for-sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	925	$	922
Due after one year through five years		27,660		27,449
Due after five through ten years		16,716		16,786
Due after ten years		1,737		1,758
Mortgage-backed securities: residential		30,905		30,805
Collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		21,866		21,272
Total securities available-for-sale	$	99,809	$	98,992

7

3. Securities (continued)

Information pertaining to debt securities with gross unrealized losses at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position are included in the table below:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
Description of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
March 31, 2019:
U.S. Treasury and federal agency	$	—	$	—		$	4,472	$	(57	)	$	4,472	$	(57	)
U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies		—		—			10,434		(164	)		10,434		(164	)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities: residential		3,922		(5	)		15,066		(137	)		18,988		(142	)
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		1,784		(14	)		16,392		(599	)		18,176		(613	)
State and political subdivisions		794		—			1,959		(15	)		2,753		(15	)
Corporate debt securities		—		—			2,973		(32	)		2,973		(32	)
Total	$	6,500	$	(19	)	$	51,296	$	(1,004	)	$	57,796	$	(1,023	)
December 31, 2018:
U.S. Treasury and federal agency	$	—	$	—		$	4,445	$	(87	)	$	4,445	$	(87	)
U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies		2,472		(30	)		10,337		(269	)		12,809		(299	)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities: residential		19,483		(297	)		7,693		(193	)		27,176		(490	)
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		1,443		(5	)		15,388		(805	)		16,831		(810	)
State and political subdivisions		7,061		(67	)		10,083		(157	)		17,144		(224	)
Corporate debt securities		962		(38	)		2,448		(59	)		3,410		(97	)
Total	$	31,421	$	(437	)	$	50,394	$	(1,570	)	$	81,815	$	(2,007	)

Gains and losses on sales of securities for the three months ended March 31 were as follows:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Proceeds	$	3,975		$	6,531
Gains		6			14
Losses		(4	)		(21	)
Tax provision related to losses		—			(1	)

Management evaluates debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic, market or other conditions warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions and (4) whether the Corporation has the intent to sell the security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Corporation intends to sell an impaired security, or if it is more likely than not the Corporation will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, the Corporation records an other-than-temporary loss in an amount equal to the entire difference between fair value and amortized cost. Otherwise, only the credit portion of the estimated loss on debt securities is recognized in earnings, with the other portion of the loss recognized in other comprehensive income.

There were 70 debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2019, of which 64 were in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. Of these 64 securities, 25 were collateralized mortgage obligations (issued by U.S. government sponsored entities), 11 were mortgage-backed securities, 10 were U.S. government sponsored entities and agency securities, seven were state and political subdivision securities, six were corporate securities and five were U.S. Treasury securities. The unrealized losses associated with these securities were not due to the deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer that would likely result in the non-collection of contractual principal and interest, but rather have been caused by a rise in interest rates from the time the securities were purchased. Based on that evaluation and other general considerations, and given that the Corporation’s current intention is not to sell any impaired securities and it is more likely than not it will not be required to sell these securities before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Corporation does not consider these debt securities with unrealized losses as of March 31, 2019 to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

8

4. Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses

The Corporation’s loans receivable as of the respective dates are summarized as follows:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Mortgage loans on real estate:
Residential first mortgages	$	293,903	$	295,405
Home equity loans and lines of credit		102,553		103,752
Commercial real estate		232,315		238,734
Total real estate loans		628,771		637,891
Other loans:
Commercial business		67,317		66,009
Consumer		10,903		11,272
Total other loans		78,220		77,281
Total loans, gross		706,991		715,172
Less allowance for loan losses		6,639		6,508
Total loans, net	$	700,352	$	708,664

Included in total loans above are net deferred costs of $2.2 million and $2.2 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

An allowance for loan losses (ALL) is maintained to absorb probable incurred losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience and the amount of nonperforming loans.

Management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL.

The allowance for loan losses is based on estimates and actual losses may vary from current estimates. Management believes that the granularity of the homogeneous pools and the related historical loss ratios and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency in the application of assumptions, result in an ALL that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any given date.

At March 31, 2019, there was no allowance for loan losses allocated to loans acquired from United American Savings Bank (2016), Northern Hancock Bank and Trust Co. (2017) or Community First Bancorp, Inc (2018).

9

4. Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following table details activity in the ALL and the recorded investment by portfolio segment based on impairment method:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Residential Mortgages			Home Equity & Lines of Credit			Commercial Real Estate			Commercial Business			Consumer			Total
Three months ended March 31, 2019:
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance	$	2,198		$	648		$	3,106		$	500		$	56		$	6,508
Charge-offs		(10	)		(4	)		(5	)		(71	)		(39	)		(129	)
Recoveries		40			1			15			—			24			80
Provision		28			5			(73	)		206			14			180
Ending Balance	$	2,256		$	650		$	3,043		$	635		$	55		$	6,639
At March 31, 2019:
Ending ALL balance attributable to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	7		$	—		$	—		$	63		$	—		$	70
Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment		—			—			—			—			—			—
Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,249			650			3,043			572			55			6,569
Total	$	2,256		$	650		$	3,043		$	635		$	55		$	6,639
Total loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	380		$	5		$	32		$	103		$	—		$	520
Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment		70,981			13,131			54,151			10,258			2,900			151,421
Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment		222,542			89,417			178,132			56,956			8,003			555,050
Total	$	293,903		$	102,553		$	232,315		$	67,317		$	10,903		$	706,991
At December 31, 2018:
Ending ALL balance attributable to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	12		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	12
Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment		—			—			—			—			—			—
Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,186			648			3,106			500			56			6,496
Total	$	2,198		$	648		$	3,106		$	500		$	56		$	6,508
Total loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	389		$	6		$	34		$	39		$	—		$	468
Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment		72,654			13,750			56,690			12,974			3,306			159,374
Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment		222,362			89,996			182,010			52,996			7,966			555,330
Total	$	295,405		$	103,752		$	238,734		$	66,009		$	11,272		$	715,172
Three months ended March 31, 2018:
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance	$	2,090		$	646		$	2,753		$	585		$	53		$	6,127
Charge-offs		(62	)		(19	)		(385	)		—			(119	)		(585	)
Recoveries		3			1			2			1			6			13
Provision		(112	)		23			381			(26	)		114			380
Ending Balance	$	1,919		$	651		$	2,751		$	560		$	54		$	5,935

10

4. Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of March 31, 2019:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Impaired Loans with Specific Allowance
	As of March 31, 2019						For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized in Period		Cash Basis Interest Recognized in Period
Residential first mortgages	$	73	$	73	$	7	$	73	$	1	$	1
Home equity and lines of credit		5		5		—		6		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial business		63		63		63		31		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	141	$	141	$	70	$	110	$	1	$	1

	Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance
	As of March 31, 2019				For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized in Period		Cash Basis Interest Recognized in Period
Residential first mortgages	$	382	$	307	$	311	$	1	$	1
Home equity and lines of credit		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		32		32		33		1		1
Commercial business		40		40		39		1		1
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	454	$	379	$	383	$	3	$	3

The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Impaired Loans with Specific Allowance
	As of December 31, 2018						For the year ended December 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized in Period		Cash Basis Interest Recognized in Period
Residential first mortgages	$	74	$	74	$	12	$	74	$	2	$	2
Home equity and lines of credit		6		6		—		7		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial business		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	80	$	80	$	12	$	81	$	2	$	2

	Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance
	As of December 31, 2018				For the year ended December 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized in Period		Cash Basis Interest Recognized in Period
Residential first mortgages	$	427	$	315	$	334	$	5	$	5
Home equity and lines of credit		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		34		34		768		156		73
Commercial business		39		39		248		74		74
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	500	$	388	$	1,350	$	235	$	152

11

4. Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of March 31, 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Impaired Loans with Specific Allowance
	As of March 31, 2018						For the three months ended March 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized in Period		Cash Basis Interest Recognized in Period
Residential first mortgages	$	75	$	75	$	6	$	75	$	1	$	1
Home equity and lines of credit		8		8		—		8		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial business		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	83	$	83	$	6	$	83	$	1	$	1

	Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance
	As of March 31, 2018				For the three months ended March 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized in Period		Cash Basis Interest Recognized in Period
Residential first mortgages	$	456	$	344	$	347	$	1	$	1
Home equity and lines of credit		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		336		336		625		—		—
Commercial business		555		555		562		1		1
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,347	$	1,235	$	1,534	$	2	$	2

Unpaid principal balance includes any loans that have been partially charged off but not forgiven. Accrued interest is not included in the recorded investment in loans presented above or in the tables that follow based on the amounts not being material.

Troubled debt restructurings (TDR). The Corporation has certain loans that have been modified in order to maximize collection of loan balances. If, for economic or legal reasons related to the customer’s financial difficulties, management grants a concession compared to the original terms and conditions of the loan that it would not have otherwise considered, the modified loan is classified as a TDR. Concessions related to TDRs generally do not include forgiveness of principal balances. The Corporation generally does not extend additional credit to borrowers with loans classified as TDRs.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Corporation had $459,000 and $394,000, respectively, of loans classified as TDRs, which are included in impaired loans above. The Corporation had allocated $7,000 and $12,000 of specific allowance for these loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

During the three period ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation modified the interest rate and extended the payment amortization on one commercial real estate loan with a recorded investment of $74,000. At March 31, 2019, the Corporation did not have any specific allowance for loan losses allocated to this specific loan. During the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Corporation did not modify any loans as TDRs.

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. During the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation did not have any loans which were modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification.

12

4. Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

Credit Quality Indicators. Management categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors.

Commercial real estate and commercial business loans not identified as impaired are evaluated as risk rated pools of loans utilizing a risk rating practice that is supported by a quarterly special asset review. In this review process, strengths and weaknesses are identified, evaluated and documented for each criticized and classified loan and borrower, strategic action plans are developed, risk ratings are confirmed and the loan’s performance status is reviewed.

Management has determined certain portions of the loan portfolio to be homogeneous in nature and assigns like reserve factors for the following loan pool types: residential real estate, home equity loans and lines of credit, and consumer installment and personal lines of credit.

The reserve allocation for risk rated loan pools is developed by applying the following factors:

Historic: Management utilizes a computer model to develop the historical net charge-off experience which is used to formulate the assumptions employed in the migration analysis applied to estimate losses in the portfolio. Outstanding balance and charge-off information are input into the model and historical loss migration rate assumptions are developed to apply to pass, special mention, substandard and doubtful risk rated loans. A twelve-quarter rolling weighted-average is utilized to estimate probable incurred losses in the portfolios.

Qualitative: Qualitative adjustment factors for pass, special mention, substandard and doubtful ratings are developed and applied to risk rated loans to allow for: quality of lending policies and procedures; national and local economic and business conditions; changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio; experiences, ability and depth of lending management; changes in trends, volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and classified loans and loss and recovery trends; quality of loan review systems; concentrations of credit and other external factors.

Management uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass: Loans classified as pass typically exhibit good payment performance and have underlying borrowers with acceptable financial trends where repayment capacity is evident. These borrowers typically would have a sufficient cash flow that would allow them to weather an economic downturn and the value of any underlying collateral could withstand a moderate degree of depreciation due to economic conditions.

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention are characterized by potential weaknesses that could jeopardize repayment as contractually agreed. These loans may exhibit adverse trends such as increasing leverage, shrinking profit margins and/or deteriorating cash flows. These borrowers would inherently be more vulnerable to the application of economic pressures.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard exhibit weaknesses that are well-defined to the point that repayment is jeopardized. Typically, the Corporation is no longer adequately protected by both the apparent net worth and repayment capacity of the borrower.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have advanced to the point that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently ascertainable facts, conditions and value, is highly questionable or improbable.

The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass and the criticized categories of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Corporation’s internal risk rating system as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Not Rated		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
March 31, 2019:
Residential first mortgages	$	291,963	$	—	$	—	$	1,940	$	—	$	293,903
Home equity and lines of credit		101,766		—		—		787		—		102,553
Commercial real estate		—		216,887		5,741		9,687		—		232,315
Commercial business		—		64,137		512		2,668		—		67,317
Consumer		10,775		—		—		128		—		10,903
Total loans	$	404,504	$	281,024	$	6,253	$	15,210	$	—	$	706,991
December 31, 2018:
Residential first mortgages	$	293,919	$	—	$	—	$	1,486	$	—	$	295,405
Home equity and lines of credit		102,869		—		—		883		—		103,752
Commercial real estate		—		222,335		5,942		10,457		—		238,734
Commercial business		—		62,022		542		3,445		—		66,009
Consumer		11,157		—		—		115		—		11,272
Total loans	$	407,945	$	284,357	$	6,484	$	16,386	$	—	$	715,172

13

4. Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonperforming loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Performing						Nonperforming
	Accruing Loans Not Past Due		Accruing 30-59 Days Past Due		Accruing 60-89 Days Past Due		Accruing 90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total
March 31, 2019:
Residential first mortgages	$	288,819	$	3,258	$	32	$	528	$	1,266	$	293,903
Home equity and lines of credit		100,822		937		114		88		592		102,553
Commercial real estate		225,737		5,252		355		292		679		232,315
Commercial business		67,118		70		26		—		103		67,317
Consumer		10,663		74		27		12		127		10,903
Total loans	$	693,159	$	9,591	$	554	$	920	$	2,767	$	706,991
December 31, 2018:
Residential first mortgages	$	289,732	$	3,586	$	747	$	485	$	855	$	295,405
Home equity and lines of credit		101,920		707		351		287		487		103,752
Commercial real estate		232,865		5,013		231		19		606		238,734
Commercial business		65,538		50		247		—		174		66,009
Consumer		10,961		160		36		—		115		11,272
Total loans	$	701,016	$	9,516	$	1,612	$	791	$	2,237	$	715,172

The following table presents the Corporation’s nonaccrual loans by aging category as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Not Past Due		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days + Past Due		Total
March 31, 2019:
Residential first mortgages	$	329	$	73	$	—	$	864	$	1,266
Home equity and lines of credit		5		—		—		587		592
Commercial real estate		111		307		—		261		679
Commercial business		—		—		40		63		103
Consumer		—		—		—		127		127
Total loans	$	445	$	380	$	40	$	1,902	$	2,767
December 31, 2018:
Residential first mortgages	$	335	$	—	$	74	$	446	$	855
Home equity and lines of credit		6		—		—		481		487
Commercial real estate		111		265		—		230		606
Commercial business		—		—		39		135		174
Consumer		—		—		—		115		115
Total loans	$	452	$	265	$	113	$	1,407	$	2,237

14

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s acquired goodwill and intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: 

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Goodwill	$	19,448	$	—	$	19,448	$	—
Core deposit intangibles		5,634		4,256		5,634		4,211
Total	$	25,082	$	4,256	$	25,082	$	4,211

Goodwill resulted from five acquisitions. Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase price paid for the acquisitions over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired, net of the fair value of the liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill exceeds its fair value. The Corporation has selected November 30 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded during 2018 or in the first three months of 2019.

The core deposit intangible asset, resulting from three acquisitions, is amortized over a weighted average estimated life of the related deposits and is not estimated to have a significant residual value. During the three month periods ending March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation recorded intangible amortization expense totaling $46,000 and $69,000, respectively.

6. Stock Compensation Plan

In April 2014, the Corporation adopted the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2014 Plan), which was approved by shareholders and permits the grant of restricted stock awards and options to its directors, officers and employees for up to 176,866 shares of common stock. As of March 31, 2019, 37,783 shares of restricted stock and 88,433 stock options remain available for issuance under the plan.

Incentive stock options, non-incentive or compensatory stock options and share awards may be granted under the Plan. The exercise price of each option shall at least equal the market price of a share of common stock on the date of grant and have a contractual term of ten years. Options shall vest and become exercisable at the rate, to the extent and subject to such limitations as may be specified by the Corporation. Compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions must be recognized in the financial statements with measurement based upon the fair value of the equity instruments issued.

At March 31, 2019, there are no options that were granted or outstanding under the Plan.

A summary of the status of the Corporation’s nonvested restricted stock awards as of March 31, 2019, and changes during the period then ended is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2019		37,250	$	29.94
Granted		—		—
Vested		—		—
Forfeited		—		—
Nonvested as of March 31, 2019		37,250	$	29.94

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation recognized stock compensation expense of $90,000 and $75,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, there was $694,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over the next three years. It is the Corporation’s policy to issue shares on the vesting date for restricted stock awards. Unvested restricted stock awards do not receive dividends declared by the Corporation.

15

7. Fair Value

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Corporation could have realized in a sale transaction or exit price on the date indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year-ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at year-end.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Corporation used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of the following assets:

Debt securities available-for-sale, equity securities – The fair value of all investment securities are based upon the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the security. If available, investment securities are determined by quoted market prices (Level 1). Level 1 includes U.S. Treasury, federal agency securities and certain equity securities. For investment securities where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices on similar securities (Level 2). Level 2 includes U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, state and political subdivision securities and certain corporate debt securities. For investment securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated by using unobservable inputs (Level 3) and may include certain corporate debt and equity securities held by the Corporation.

For assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
March 31, 2019:
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agency	$	4,472	$	4,472	$	—	$	—
U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies		13,943		—		13,943		—
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities: residential		30,805		—		30,805		—
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		21,272		—		21,272		—
State and political subdivision		20,007		—		20,007		—
Corporate debt securities		8,493		—		4,993		3,500
Total available-for-sale securities	$	98,992	$	4,472	$	91,020	$	3,500
Equity securities	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2018:
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agency	$	4,445	$	4,445	$	—	$	—
U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies		16,783		—		16,783		—
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities: residential		27,176		—		27,176		—
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations: residential		18,664		—		18,664		—
State and political subdivisions		22,732		—		22,732		—
Corporate debt securities		7,918		—		4,418		3,500
Total available-for-sale securities	$	97,718	$	4,445	$	89,773	$	3,500
Equity securities	$	7	$	7	$	—	$	—

The Corporation’s policy is to transfer assets or liabilities from one level to another when the methodology to obtain the fair value changes such that there are more or fewer unobservable inputs as of the end of the reporting period. During the three month period ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation had no transfers between levels. For the same period in 2018, the Corporation reclassified a restricted bank stock from the equity security portfolio to other assets and certain corporate securities from Level 3 to Level 2.

16

7. Fair Value (continued)

The following table presents changes in Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	3,500	$	8,132
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		1
Included in other comprehensive income		—		—
Acquired		—		—
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		(4,608	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	3,500	$	3,525

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The Corporation used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of the following assets:

Impaired loans – At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive a specific allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. As of March 31, 2019, the Corporation had one impaired loan carried at fair value of $0, which consisted of the outstanding balance of $63,000 less a specific reserve of $63,000.  The loan is secured by general business assets and at the time of valuation, current financials were not available in order to make a reasonable determination of the value of these assets, therefore a discount of 100% was applied.  At December 31, 2018, the Corporation did not have any impaired loans carried at fair value measured using the fair value of collateral. There was additional provision for loan losses recorded for impaired loans of $63,000 and $0, respectively, during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Other real estate owned(OREO) – Assets acquired through or instead of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. Management’s ongoing review of appraisal information may result in additional discounts or adjustments to the valuation based upon more recent market sales activity or more current appraisal information derived from properties of similar type and/or locale. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. As of March 31, 2019, OREO measured at fair value less costs to sell had a net carrying amount of $6,000, which consisted of the outstanding balance of $27,000 less write-downs of $21,000.  As of December 31, 2018, OREO measured at fair value less costs to sell had a net carrying amount of $160,000, which consisted of the outstanding balance of $415,000 less write-downs of $255,000.  There was $21,000 and $0 of expense recorded in the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, associated with the write-down of OREO.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and OREO are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed by the Corporation. Once received, management reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On an annual basis, the Corporation compares the actual selling price of OREO that has been sold to the most recent appraised value to determine what additional adjustment should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value. The most recent analysis performed indicated that a discount of 10% should be applied.

For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
March 31, 2019:
Other real estate owned	$	6	$	-	$	-	$	6
Total	$	6	$	-	$	-	$	6
December 31, 2018:
Other real estate owned	$	160	$	-	$	-	$	160
Total	$	160	$	-	$	-	$	160

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7. Fair Value (continued)

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)			Valuation	Unobservable	Weighted
			Techniques(s)	Input (s)	Average
March 31, 2019:
Other real estate owned	$	6	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	10	%
December 31, 2018:
Other real estate owned	$	160	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	10	%

Excluded from the tables above at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was an impaired residential mortgage loan totaling $66,000 and $61,000, respectively, and an impaired home equity loan totaling $5,000 and $6,000, respectively, which were classified as TDRs and measured using a discounted cash flow methodology.

The following table sets forth the carrying amount and fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments included in the consolidated balance sheet: 

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements using:
Description	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2019:
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,727	$	7,727	$	7,727	$	—	$	—
Interest earning time deposits		6,238		6,238		—		6,238		—
Securities - available-for-sale		98,992		98,992		4,472		91,020		3,500
Securities - equities		17		17		17		—		—
Loans held for sale		212		212		—		212		—
Loans, net		700,352		691,947		—		—		691,947
Federal bank stock		5,799		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable		2,735		2,735		100		349		2,286
Total	$	822,072	$	807,868	$	12,316	$	97,819	$	697,733
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits		759,427		767,115		540,936		226,179		—
Borrowed funds		35,300		34,863		—		34,863		—
Accrued interest payable		603		603		46		557		—
Total	$	795,330	$	802,581	$	540,982	$	261,599	$	—

	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements using:
	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2018:
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,955	$	10,955	$	10,955	$	—	$	—
Interest earning time deposits		6,738		6,738		—		6,738		—
Securities - available-for-sale		97,718		97,718		4,445		89,773		3,500
Securities - equities		7		7		7		—		—
Loans held for sale		—		—		—		—		—
Loans, net		708,664		702,747		—		—		702,747
Federal bank stock		6,351		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable		2,570		2,570		63		351		2,156
Total	$	833,003	$	820,735	$	15,470	$	96,862	$	708,403
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits		761,546		767,009		539,946		227,063		—
Borrowed funds		45,350		44,869		—		44,869		—
Accrued interest payable		495		495		30		465		—
Total	$	807,391	$	812,373	$	539,976	$	272,397	$	—

This information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation's assets and liabilities.  Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation's disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

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8. Regulatory Matters

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action.

In 2018, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System amended its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement by increasing the policy’s consolidated assets threshold from $1 billion to $3 billion. The primary benefit of being deemed a "small bank holding company" is the exemption from the requirement to maintain consolidated regulatory capital ratios; instead, regulatory capital ratios only apply at the subsidiary bank level.

The final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (BASEL III rules) became effective for the Bank on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and fully phased in by January 1, 2019. Under the BASEL III rules, the Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to 2.50% by 2019. The capital conservation buffer for 2019 is 2.50% and for 2018 was 1.875%. Amounts recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income are not included in computing regulatory capital. Management believes as of March 31, 2019, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. At March 31, 2019, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution's category.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the Bank’s regulatory capital as of the dates presented. The capital adequacy ratios disclosed below are exclusive of the capital conservation buffer. 

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total capital to risk-weighted assets:
Actual	$	77,459		13.26	%	$	76,344		12.93	%
For capital adequacy purposes		46,738		8.00	%		47,252		8.00	%
To be well capitalized		58,421		10.00	%		59,065		10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets:
Actual	$	70,820		12.12	%	$	69,836		11.82	%
For capital adequacy purposes		35,053		6.00	%		35,439		6.00	%
To be well capitalized		46,738		8.00	%		47,252		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets:
Actual	$	70,820		12.12	%	$	69,836		11.82	%
For capital adequacy purposes		26,289		4.50	%		26,579		4.50	%
To be well capitalized		37,974		6.50	%		38,393		6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets:
Actual	$	70,820		8.13	%	$	69,836		7.95	%
For capital adequacy purposes		34,851		4.00	%		35,126		4.00	%
To be well capitalized		43,564		5.00	%		43,908		5.00	%

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9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables summarize the changes within each classification of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and summarizes the significant amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Pension Items			Totals
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at January 1, 2019	$	(1,517	)	$	(4,840	)	$	(6,357	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		875			—			875
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(2	)		—			(2	)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		873			—			873
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at March 31, 2019	$	(644	)	$	(4,840	)	$	(5,484	)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Amount Reclassified
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income For the three months ended March 31, 2019			Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities	$	(2	)	Net gain on sale of securities
Tax effect		—		Provision for income taxes
Total reclassifications for the period	$	(2	)	Net of tax

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Pension Items			Totals
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at January 1, 2018, as previously presented	$	(679	)	$	(4,839	)	$	(5,518	)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for marketable equity securities, net of tax		(187	)		—			(187	)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at January 1, 2018, as adjusted	$	(866	)	$	(4,839	)	$	(5,705	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		(1,021	)		—			(1,021	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		6			—			6
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,015	)		—			(1,015	)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at March 31, 2018	$	(1,881	)	$	(4,839	)	$	(6,720	)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Amount Reclassified
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income For the three months ended March 31, 2018			Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities	$	7		Net loss on sale of securities
Tax effect		(1	)	Provision for income taxes
Total reclassifications for the period	$	6		Net of tax

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10. Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Corporation adopted ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. Interest income, net securities gains (losses) and bank-owned life insurance are not included within the scope of Topic 606. For the revenue streams in the scope of Topic 606, service charges on deposits and electronic banking fees, there are no significant judgments related to the amount and timing of revenue recognition. All of the Corporation's revenue from contracts with customers is recognized within noninterest income.

Service charges on deposits: The Corporation earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such stop payment charges, statement rendering and other fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Corporation fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Corporation satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer's account balance.

Electronic banking fees: The Corporation earns interchange and other ATM related fees from cardholder transactions conducted through the various payment networks. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The gross amount of these fees are processed through noninterest income. Other fees, such a transaction surcharges and card replacement fees are withdrawn from the customer's account balance at the time of service.

The following table presents the Corporation's sources of noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Noninterest income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Service charges on deposits
Maintenance fees	$	40	$	39
Overdraft fees		438		329
Other fees		77		69
Electronic banking fees		324		315
Noninterest income (in-scope of Topic 606)		879		752
Noninterest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)(1)		178		147
Total noninterest income	$	1,057	$	899

⁽¹⁾ Noninterest income items that are out-of-scope include net realized gains (losses) on sales of securities, net gains (losses) on sales of loans, earnings on bank-owned life insurance and certain other noninterest income items.

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11. Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  As of March 31, 2019, the Corporation leases real estate for five branch offices under various operating lease agreements. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from August 2025 to December 2056, including all extension periods. The Corporation has assumed that there are currently no circumstances in which the leases would be terminated before exhausting all options for extensions.  The weighed average remaining life of the lease term for these leases was 13.45 years as of March 31, 2019.

The discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease was the FHLB fixed advance rate which corresponded with the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 for leases that existed at adoption.  This methodology will be continued for the commencement of any subsequent lease agreements.  The weighted average discount rate for the leases was 3.47% as of March 31, 2019.

The total operating lease costs were $49,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  The right-of-use asset, included in premises and equipment, and lease liability, included in other liabilities, were $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2019.  Rental expense for operating leases classified under ASC 840 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $50,000.

Total estimated rental commitments for the operating leases were as follows as of March 31, 2019:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Year ending December 31:
2019 (excluding three months)	$	159
2020		212
2021		217
2022		222
2023		222
Thereafter		1,289
Total minimum lease payments		2,321
Discount effect of cash flows		(501	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	1,820

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12. Recent Accounting Pronouncements (continued)

Newly Issued Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 significantly changes the way impairment of financial instruments is recognized by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of the financial instruments. The main provisions of the guidance include (1) replacing the “incurred loss” approach under current GAAP with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost, (2) requiring entities to record an allowance for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount of the investments, as is required by the other-than-temporary impairment model under current GAAP, and (3) a simplified accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, although early adoption is permitted. Management is currently in the developmental stages of collecting available historical information in order to assess the expected credit losses and determine the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the Corporation's financial statements.

In January 2017, FASB ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment". This ASU simplifies the measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under this amendment, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Corporation has goodwill from prior business combinations and performs an annual impairment test or more frequently if changes or circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Corporation's most recent annual impairment assessment determined that the Corporation's goodwill was not impaired. Although the Corporation cannot anticipate future goodwill impairment assessments, based on the most recent assessment it is unlikely that an impairment amount would need to be calculated and, therefore, does not anticipate a material impact from these amendments to the Corporation's financial position and results of operations. The current accounting policies and processes are not anticipated to change, except for the elimination of the Step 2 analysis.

Adoption of New Accounting Policies

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 "Leases". This ASU requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet but recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting treatment. This ASU changes the guidance on sale-leaseback transactions, initial direct costs and lease execution costs, and, for lessors, modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. ASU 2016-02 was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, which allows entities the option to apply the provisions of the new lease guidance at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. Adoption of this guidance as of January 1, 2019 resulted in the recording of operating lease right-of-use assets of $1.6 million and operating lease liabilities of $1.8 million.  The Corporation recorded a cumulative adjustment to retained earning for prior periods of $170,000, net of deferred taxes of $45,000.  See Note 11 Leases for more information.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivable - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20) Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” ASU 2017-08 amends guidance on the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities to shorten the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein.  The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2019 resulted in a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings of $10,000, net of deferred taxes of $3,000, for the prior periods. The remaining securities subject to this guidance have a call date one month prior to maturity, therefore the impact to the statement of income in subsequent periods is immaterial.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities." The amendments in this Update are to better reflect the economic results of hedging in the financial statements along with simplification of certain hedge accounting requirements. Specifically, the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is required to be presented in the same income statement line as and in the same period that the earnings effect of the hedged item is recognized. Therefore, hedge ineffectiveness will not be reported separately or in a different period. In addition, hedge effectiveness can be determined qualitatively in periods following inception. The amendments permit an entity to measure the change in fair value of the hedged item on the basis of the benchmark rate component. They also permit an entity to measure the hedged item in a partial-term fair value hedge of interest rate risk by assuming the hedged item has a term that reflects only the designated cash flows being hedged. For a closed portfolio of prepayable financial assets, an entity is permitted to designate the amount that is not expected to be affected by prepayments or defaults as the hedged item. For public business entities, the new guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. The Corporation currently does not have derivative or hedging instruments so this guidance had no impact on consolidated financial statements.

23

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This section discusses the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Emclaire Financial Corp and its wholly owned subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC and with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes presented in this Form 10-Q.

This Form 10-Q, including the financial statements and related notes, contains forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward looking statements include without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan” or words or phrases of similar meaning. We caution that the forward looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Actual results, performances or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward looking statements. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward looking information and statements. Except as required by applicable law or regulation, we will not update the forward looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors affecting the forward looking statements.

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets decreased $9.2 million, or 1.0%, to $889.6 million at March 31, 2019 from $898.9 million at December 31, 2018. The change in assets was driven primarily by a decrease in net loans receivable of $8.3 million. Liabilities decreased $11.3 million, or 1.4%, to $807.6 million at March 31, 2019 from $818.9 million at December 31, 2018 due to decreases in customer deposits and borrowed funds of $2.1 million and $10.1 million, respectively.

Stockholders’ equity increased $2.1 million, or 2.6%, to $82.1 million at March 31, 2019 from $80.0 million at December 31, 2018 primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in retained earnings as a result of $2.1 million of net income, partially offset by $783,000 of common dividends paid.  Additionally, accumulated other comprehensive income increased $873,000.  The Corporation remains well capitalized and is positioned for continued growth with total stockholders’ equity at 9.2% of total assets.  Book value per common share was $28.86 at March 31, 2019, compared to $28.09 at December 31, 2018. 

At March 31, 2019, the Bank was considered “well-capitalized” with a Tier 1 leverage ratio, Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio of 8.13%, 12.12%, 12.12% and 13.26%, respectively. The Bank was also considered “well-capitalized” at December 31, 2018 with a Tier 1 leverage ratio, Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio of 7.95%, 11.82%, 11.82% and 12.93%, respectively.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

General. Net income increased $720,000, or 52.8%, to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $1.4 million for the same period in 2018. This increase was the result of increases in net interest income and noninterest income of $1.4 million and $158,000, respectively, and a decrease of $200,000 in the provision for loan losses, partially offset by increases in noninterest expense and the provision for income taxes of $823,000 and $190,000, respectively.

Net interest income. Tax equivalent net interest income increased $1.4 million, or 23.5%, to $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase was attributed to an increase in tax equivalent interest income of $2.0 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $623,000.

Interest income. Tax equivalent interest income increased $2.0 million, or 28.6%, to $9.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $7.0 million for the same period in 2018. This increase was attributed to increases in interest earned on loans and securities, dividends on federal bank stocks and interest-earning deposits with banks of $1.9 million, $50,000, $36,000 and $14,000, respectively.

Tax equivalent interest earned on loans receivable increased $1.9 million, or 29.7%, to $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $6.4 million for the same period in 2018. This increase resulted from a $124.8 million, or 21.3%, increase in average loans, accounting for an increase of $1.4 million in interest income. The increase in loans receivable was related to the acquisition of Community First Bancorp, Inc. in October 2018 and strong loan growth during 2018. Adding to this favorable volume variance, the average yield on loans increased 30 basis points to 4.72% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus 4.42% for the same period in 2018. This favorable yield variance accounted for a $464,000 increase in interest income.

24

Tax equivalent interest earned on securities increased $50,000, or 8.6%, to $633,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $583,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase resulted from a 26 basis point increase in the average yield on securities to 2.64% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 versus 2.38% for the same period in 2018. This favorable yield variance accounted for a $63,000 increase in interest income. Partially offsetting this favorable variance, the average balance of securities decreased $2.2 million, or 2.3%, accounting for a $13,000 decrease in interest income.

Interest earned on deposits with banks increased $14,000, or 42.4%, to $47,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $33,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase resulted from a 42 basis point increase in the average yield on these accounts to 1.52% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus 1.10% for the same period in 2018, accounting for an $13,000 increase in interest income. Additionally, the average balance of interest-earning deposits increased $392,000, or 3.2%, accounting for an increase of $1,000 in interest income.

Dividends on federal bank stocks increased $36,000, or 56.3%, to $100,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $64,000 for the same period in 2018. This increase was primarily due to a $1.5 million, or 32.1%, increase in federal bank stock, accounting for a $23,000 increase in interest income.  Furthermore, an increase of 104 basis points in the average yield on federal bank stocks to 6.74% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus 5.70% for the same period in 2018, accounted for a $13,000 increase in interest income.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $623,000, or 54.2%, to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $1.1 million for the same period in 2018. This increase in interest expense can be attributed to a $480,000 increase in interest incurred on deposits and an increase of $143,000 in interest incurred on borrowed funds.

Interest expense incurred on deposits increased $480,000, or 48.4%, to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $991,000 for the same period in 2018. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits increased 23 basis points to 0.98% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus 0.75% for the same period in 2018, accounting for a $326,000 increase in interest expense. Additionally, the average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $75.3 million, or 14.1%, to $607.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $532.4 million for the same period in 2018 causing a $154,000 increase in interest expense. This increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Community First in October 2018.

Interest expense incurred on borrowed funds increased $143,000, or 90.5%, to $301,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $158,000 for the same period in the prior year. The average balance of borrowed funds increased $20.3 million, or 82.4%, to $44.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $24.6 million for the same period in 2018 causing a $139,000 increase in interest expense. The increase in the outstanding balance of borrowed funds primarily resulted from three additional $5.0 million FHLB long-term notes taken in December 2018. Additionally, the average cost of borrowed funds increased 11 basis points to 2.72% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 2.61% for the same period in 2018 causing a $4,000 increase in interest expense.

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Average Balance Sheet and Yield/Rate Analysis. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information concerning the total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resulting average yields, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting average costs, net interest income, interest rate spread and the net interest margin earned on average interest-earning assets. For purposes of this table, average loan balances include nonaccrual loans and exclude the allowance for loan losses and interest income includes accretion of net deferred loan fees. Interest and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities (tax-exempt for federal income tax purposes) are shown on a fully tax equivalent basis. The information is based on average daily balances during the periods presented.

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Three months ended March 31,
	2019							2018
	Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate			Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate
Interest-earning assets:
Loans, taxable	$	689,527	$	8,072		4.75	%	$	562,925	$	6,173		4.45	%
Loans, tax exempt		19,852		189		3.87	%		21,656		194		3.64	%
Total loans receivable		709,379		8,261		4.72	%		584,581		6,367		4.42	%
Securities, taxable		75,454		492		2.64	%		72,118		408		2.29	%
Securities, tax exempt		21,791		141		2.62	%		27,376		175		2.60	%
Total securities		97,245		633		2.64	%		99,494		583		2.38	%
Interest-earning deposits with banks		12,564		47		1.52	%		12,172		33		1.10	%
Federal bank stocks		6,015		100		6.74	%		4,554		64		5.70	%
Total interest-earning cash equivalents		18,579		147		3.21	%		16,726		97		2.35	%
Total interest-earning assets		825,203		9,041		4.44	%		700,801		7,047		4.08	%
Cash and due from banks		3,258							2,652
Other noninterest-earning assets		62,964							45,690
Total Assets	$	891,425						$	749,143
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	387,720	$	528		0.55	%	$	361,712	$	402		0.45	%
Time deposits		220,006		943		1.74	%		170,691		589		1.40	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		607,726		1,471		0.98	%		532,403		991		0.75	%
Borrowed funds, short-term		12,587		96		3.08	%		4,362		37		3.45	%
Borrowed funds, long-term		32,250		205		2.58	%		20,219		121		2.43	%
Total borrowed funds		44,837		301		2.72	%		24,581		158		2.61	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		652,563		1,772		1.10	%		556,984		1,149		0.84	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		144,496		—		—			122,859		—		—
Funding and cost of funds		797,059		1,772		0.90	%		679,843		1,149		0.69	%
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		13,745							10,420
Total Liabilities		810,804							690,263
Stockholders' Equity		80,621							58,880
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	891,425						$	749,143
Net interest income			$	7,269						$	5,898
Interest rate spread (difference between weighted average rate on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities)						3.34	%						3.24	%
Net interest margin (net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets)						3.57	%						3.41	%

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Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income. The following table analyzes the changes in interest income and interest expense in terms of: (1) changes in volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and (2) changes in yields and rates. The table reflects the extent to which changes in the Corporation’s interest income and interest expense are attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior year rate), rate (change in rate multiplied by prior year volume) and changes attributable to the combined impact of volume/rate (change in rate multiplied by change in volume). The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume/rate are allocated on a consistent basis between the volume and rate variances. Changes in interest income on loans and securities reflect the changes in interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis.

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Three months ended March 31,
	2019 versus 2018
	Increase (Decrease) due to
	Volume			Rate			Total
Interest income:
Loans	$	1,430		$	464		$	1,894
Securities		(13	)		63			50
Interest-earning deposits with banks		1			13			14
Federal bank stocks		23			13			36
Total interest-earning assets		1,441			553			1,994
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing deposits		154			326			480
Borrowed funds, short-term		63			(4	)		59
Borrowed funds, long-term		76			8			84
Total interest-bearing liabilities		293			330			623
Net interest income	$	1,148		$	223		$	1,371

Provision for loan losses. The Corporation records provisions for loan losses to maintain a level of total allowance for loan losses that management believes, to the best of its knowledge, covers all probable incurred losses estimable at each reporting date. Management considers historical loss experience, the present and prospective financial condition of borrowers, current conditions (particularly as they relate to markets where the Corporation originates loans), the status of nonperforming assets, the estimated underlying value of the collateral and other factors related to the collectability of the loan portfolio.

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Information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses and nonperforming assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	As of or for the three months ended
	March 31,
	2019			2018
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	6,508		$	6,127
Provision for loan losses		180			380
Charge-offs		(129	)		(585	)
Recoveries		80			13
Balance at the end of the period	$	6,639		$	5,935
Nonperforming loans	$	3,687		$	3,157
Nonperforming assets		4,507			4,004
Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.52	%		0.53	%
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.51	%		0.53	%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans		0.94	%		1.01	%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans		180.07	%		187.99	%

Nonperforming loans increased $659,000, or 21.8%, to $3.7 million at March 31, 2019 from $3.0 million at December 31, 2018. This was primarily due to an increase in the loans past due more than 90 days and still accruing of $504,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Of the $3.7 million in nonperforming loans, $445,000 were not 30 days or more past due at March 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019, the Corporation’s classified and criticized assets amounted to $21.5 million, or 2.4% of total assets, with $15.2 million classified as substandard and $6.3 million identified as special mention. This compares to classified and criticized assets of $22.9 million, or 2.5% of total assets, with $16.4 million classified as substandard and $6.5 million identified as special mention at December 31, 2018. This decrease was primarily related to the payoff of  two commercial relationships totaling $1.2 million and the transfer to OREO of one commercial relationship totaling $232,000.

The provision for loan losses decreased $200,000, or 52.6%, to $180,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $380,000 for the same period in 2018 as loan balances declined $8.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and portfolio charge-offs were lower than normal.  The provision for loan losses recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was higher due to growth in the loan portfolio of $6.7 million and higher than normal charge-offs for the period.

Noninterest income.  Noninterest income increased $158,000, or 17.5%, to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $899,000 for the same period in 2018. Fees and service charges and other noninterest income increased $118,000 and $48,000, respectively, primarily associated with the operation of the new full-service banking offices which were acquired from Community First and general increases in overdraft fee income.

Noninterest expense.  Noninterest expense increased $823,000, or 17.4%, to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $4.7 million for the same period in 2018.  The increase primarily related to increases in compensation and benefits expense, other noninterest expense and occupancy and equipment expense of $464,000, $262,000 and $116,000, respectively. The increases primarily related to costs associated with the aforementioned new banking offices and normal salary and benefit and operating expense increases.

Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes increased $190,000, or 71.4%, to $456,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $266,000 for the same period in the prior year as a result of the increase in net income before provision for income taxes.

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LIQUIDITY

The Corporation’s primary sources of funds generally have been deposits obtained through the offices of the Bank, borrowings from the FHLB, Federal Reserve and other correspondent banks, and amortization and prepayments of outstanding loans and maturing securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation used its sources of funds primarily to reduce short-term borrowed funds. As of March 31, 2019, the Corporation had outstanding loan commitments, including undisbursed loans and amounts available under credit lines, totaling $96.4 million, and standby letters of credit totaling $712,000, net of collateral maintained by the Bank.

At March 31, 2019, time deposits amounted to $220.5 million, or 29.1% of the Corporation’s total consolidated deposits, including approximately $69.3 million of which are scheduled to mature within the next year. Management of the Corporation believes (i) it has adequate resources to fund all of its commitments, (ii) all of its commitments will be funded as required by related maturity dates and (iii) based upon past experience and current pricing policies, it can adjust the rates of time deposits to retain a substantial portion of maturing liabilities if necessary.

Aside from liquidity available from customer deposits or through sales and maturities of securities, the Corporation and the Bank have alternative sources of funds. These sources include a line of credit for the Corporation with a correspondent bank, the Bank's line of credit and term borrowing capacity from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve’s discount window and, to a more limited extent, through the sale of loans. At March 31, 2019, the Corporation had borrowed funds of $35.3 million consisting of $30.0 million of long-term FHLB advances, $1.0 million of FHLB overnight advances, a $2.3 million long-term advance with a correspondent bank and $2.1 million outstanding on a line of credit with a correspondent bank. At March 31, 2019, the Corporation’s borrowing capacity with the FHLB, net of funds borrowed and irrevocable standby letters of credit issue to secure certain deposit accounts, was $243.3 million.

Management is not aware of any conditions, including any regulatory recommendations or requirements, which would adversely impact its liquidity or its ability to meet funding needs in the ordinary course of business.

RECENT REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (BCBS) capital guidelines for U.S. banks were approved by the FRB and FDIC. Under the final rules, minimum requirements increased for both the quantity and quality of capital. The rules include a new common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets minimum ratio of 4.5%, raise the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4.0% to 6.0%, require a minimum ratio of Total Capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0% and require a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. A new capital conservation buffer comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital was also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and has increased each subsequent year by an additional 0.625% until reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. Eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments were also implemented under the final rules. The final rules also revised the definition and calculation of Tier 1 capital, Total Capital and risk-weighted assets. The phase-in period for the final rules became effective on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the final rules’ requirements phased in over a multi-year schedule which was fully phased-in on January 1, 2019.

At March 31, 2019, the Bank exceeded all minimum capital requirements under these capital guidelines.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Corporation’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and follow general practices within the industry in which it operates. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates or judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates or judgments. Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Estimates or judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or valuation reserve to be established or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. The fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based either on quoted market prices or are provided by third-party sources, when available. When third-party information is not available, valuation adjustments are estimated in good faith by management primarily though the use of internal cash flow modeling techniques.

The most significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation are presented in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management has identified the following as critical accounting policies.

Allowance for loan losses. The Corporation considers that the determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a higher degree of judgment and complexity than its other significant accounting policies. The balance in the allowance for loan losses is determined based on management’s review and evaluation of the loan portfolio in relation to past loss experience, the size and composition of the portfolio, current economic events and conditions and other pertinent factors, including management’s assumptions as to future delinquencies, recoveries and losses. All of these factors may be susceptible to significant change. Among the many factors affecting the allowance for loan losses, some are quantitative while others require qualitative judgment. Although management believes its process for determining the allowance adequately considers all of the potential factors that could potentially result in credit losses, the process includes subjective elements and may be susceptible to significant change. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management’s estimates, additional provisions for loan losses may be required that would adversely impact the Corporation’s financial condition or earnings in future periods.

Other-than-temporary impairment. Management evaluates debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic, market or other concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions and (4) whether the Corporation has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery.

Goodwill and intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess cost over fair value of assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests based on the fair value of the reporting unit compared to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Impairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value. At November 30, 2018, the required annual impairment test of goodwill was performed and no impairment existed as of the valuation date. If for any future period it is determined that there has been impairment in the carrying value of our goodwill balances, the Corporation will record a charge to earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on net income, but not risk based capital ratios.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk for the Corporation consists primarily of interest rate risk exposure and liquidity risk. Since virtually all of the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are at the Bank, virtually all of the interest rate risk and liquidity risk lies at the Bank level. The Bank is not subject to currency exchange risk or commodity price risk, and has no trading portfolio, and therefore, is not subject to any trading risk. In addition, the Bank does not participate in hedging transactions such as interest rate swaps and caps. Changes in interest rates will impact both income and expense recorded and also the market value of long-term interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rate risk and liquidity risk management is performed at the Bank level. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, loans outstanding to individuals and businesses depend upon the local economic conditions in the immediate trade area.

One of the primary functions of the Corporation’s asset/liability management committee is to monitor the level to which the balance sheet is subject to interest rate risk. The goal of the asset/liability committee is to manage the relationship between interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities, thereby minimizing the fluctuations in the net interest margin, which achieves consistent growth of net interest income during periods of changing interest rates.

Interest rate sensitivity is the result of differences in the amounts and repricing dates of the Bank’s rate sensitive assets and rate sensitive liabilities. These differences, or interest rate repricing “gap”, provide an indication of the extent that the Corporation’s net interest income is affected by future changes in interest rates. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest rate-sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest rate-sensitive liabilities and is considered negative when the amount of interest rate-sensitive liabilities exceeds the amount of interest rate-sensitive assets. Generally, during a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would adversely affect net interest income while a positive gap would result in an increase in net interest income. Conversely, during a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would result in an increase in net interest income and a positive gap would adversely affect net interest income. The closer to zero that gap is maintained, generally, the lesser the impact of market interest rate changes on net interest income.

Assumptions about the timing and variability of cash flows are critical in gap analysis. Particularly important are the assumptions driving mortgage prepayments and the expected attrition of the core deposits portfolios. These assumptions are based on the Corporation’s historical experience, industry standards and assumptions provided by a federal regulatory agency, which management believes most accurately represents the sensitivity of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities to interest rate changes. As of March 31, 2019, the Corporation’s interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within one year totaled $215.1 million while the Corporation’s interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one-year totaled $177.0 million, providing an excess of interest-earning assets over interest-bearing liabilities of $38.1 million. At March 31, 2019, the percentage of the Corporation’s assets to liabilities maturing or repricing within one year was 121.5%.

For more information, see “Market Risk Management” in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Corporation maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e).

As of March 31, 2019, the Corporation carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, the Corporation’s CEO and CFO concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There have been no significant changes in the Corporation’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect the internal controls subsequent to the date the Corporation completed its evaluation.

There has been no change made in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Corporation is involved in various legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. It is the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that these matters will not materially affect the Corporation’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

(a) Not applicable.

(b) Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit 31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Exhibit 31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Exhibit 32.1	CEO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
Exhibit 32.2	CFO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	EMCLAIRE FINANCIAL CORP
Date: May 10, 2019	By:	/s/ William C. Marsh
	William C. Marsh
	Chairman of the Board,
	President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 10, 2019	By:	/s/ Amanda L. Engles
	Amanda L. Engles
	Chief Financial Officer
	Treasurer

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