T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund

T. Rowe Price

Total Equity Market Index Fund

SUMMARY

Investment Objective

The fund seeks to match the performance of the entire U.S. stock market.

Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may also incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Shareholder Fees	T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund USD ($)
Redemption fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed on shares held for 90 days or less)	0.50%
Maximum account fee	$ 20	[1]

Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a
percentage of the value of your investment)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses	T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund
Management fees	0.30%
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees
Other expenses
Total annual fund operating expenses	0.30%

Example

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, that your investment has a 5% return each year, and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Expense Example	1 year	3 years	5 years	10 years
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund | T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund | USD ($)	31	97	169	381

Portfolio Turnover

The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 7.2% of the average value of its portfolio.

Investments, Risks, and Performance

Principal Investment Strategies

The fund seeks to match the performance of the entire U.S. stock market. The fund uses the S&P Total Market Index (“S&P Index”) as its benchmark index to represent the U.S. stock market as a whole. Because the largest stocks in the index carry the most weight, large-capitalization stocks make up a substantial majority of the S&P Total Market Index’s value.

The fund attempts to match the performance of the S&P Index by using a sampling strategy, which involves investing substantially all of its assets in a broad spectrum of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization stocks representative of the sector allocations, financial characteristics, and other attributes of the S&P Index. The S&P Index includes approximately 3,800 stocks as of March 31, 2017.

In an attempt to track the S&P Index, we select stocks based on industry, size, and other characteristics. For example, if technology stocks made up 15% of the S&P Index, the fund would invest approximately 15% of its assets in technology stocks with similar characteristics. Several factors are considered in selecting representative stocks, including historical price movement, market capitalization, transaction costs, and others.

Under normal conditions, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in stocks that are included in its benchmark index. T. Rowe Price compares the composition of the fund to that of the index. If a material misweighting develops, the portfolio manager seeks to rebalance the portfolio in an effort to realign it with its index.

While most assets will be invested in common stocks, the fund may also purchase stock index futures contracts and exchange-traded funds. Futures and exchange-traded funds would typically be used to reduce cash balances in the fund and increase the level of fund assets exposed to common stocks represented in the fund’s benchmark index. In addition, the fund lends its portfolio securities as a means of generating additional income.

While there is no guarantee, the correlation between the fund and its benchmark index is expected to be at least 0.95. A correlation of 1.00 indicates that the returns of the fund and the index will always move in the same direction (but not necessarily by the same amount). A correlation of 0.00 would mean price movements in the fund are unrelated to price movements in the index.

The fund may sell securities to better align its portfolio with the characteristics of its benchmark index or to satisfy redemption requests. The fund will generally seek to sell securities that have been removed from the benchmark index within a reasonable timeframe taking into consideration market conditions.

Principal Risks

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the fund will achieve its objective. The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. The principal risks of investing in this fund are summarized as follows:

Risks of U.S. stock investing Stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the fund invests may decline due to general weakness in the U.S. stock market, such as when the U.S. financial markets decline, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.

Index investing risks Because the fund is passively managed and seeks to match the performance of its benchmark index, holdings are generally not reallocated based on changes in market conditions or outlook for a specific security, industry, or market sector. As a result, the fund’s performance may lag the performance of actively managed funds.

Tracking error The returns of the fund are expected to be slightly below the returns of its benchmark index (referred to as “tracking error”) because the fund incurs fees and transaction expenses while the index has no fees or expenses. Increased tracking error could also result from changes in the composition of the index or the timing of purchases and redemptions of fund shares. The fund uses a sampling strategy and does not attempt to fully replicate its benchmark index, which increases the potential for the fund’s performance to deviate from that of its index.

Futures risks The fund’s use of stock index futures exposes it to potential volatility and losses in excess of direct investments in the contract’s underlying assets. The values of the fund’s positions in stock index futures tend to fluctuate in response to changes in the value of the underlying index, which exposes the fund to the risk that the underlying index will not move in a direction that is favorable to the fund. While the value of a stock index futures contract tends to correlate with the value of the underlying index, differences between the futures market and the value of the underlying index may result in an imperfect correlation. Since losses could result from market movement, the fund may need to sell other portfolio securities at disadvantageous times in order to meet daily margin requirements. The futures markets may experience reduced liquidity, which could result in losses to the fund and cause the fund to be unable to settle its futures positions.

Exchange-traded fund risks To the extent the fund invests in exchange-traded funds, the fund will bear its proportionate share of each exchange-traded fund’s fees and expenses. An investment in an exchange-traded fund involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the exchange-traded fund’s underlying assets, although an exchange-traded fund may trade at a premium or discount to the actual net asset value of its portfolio securities, may have greater price volatility than its underlying assets, and its shares may be less liquid.

Securities lending risks Securities lending involves the risk that the fund may lose money because the borrower of the loaned securities fails to return the securities to the fund in a timely manner or not at all. The fund may also lose money if there is a decline in the value of the collateral provided for loaned securities or a decline in the value of any investments made with cash collateral. In addition, securities lending activities may cause adverse tax consequences for the fund.

Performance

The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance (before and after taxes) and is not necessarily an indication of future results.

The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund.

Total Equity Market Index Fund
Calendar Year Returns

	Quarter Ended	Total Return		Quarter Ended	Total Return
Best Quarter	6/30/09	16.97%	Worst Quarter	12/31/08	-22.84%

The following table shows the average annual total returns for the fund, and also compares the returns with the returns of a relevant broad-based market index, as well as with the returns of one or more comparative indexes that have investment characteristics similar to those of the fund.

In addition, the table shows hypothetical after-tax returns to demonstrate how taxes paid by a shareholder may influence returns. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as a 401(k) account or individual retirement account.

Average Annual Total Returns

Periods ended
December 31, 2016

Average Annual Total Returns - T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund		1 Year	5 Years	10 Years	Inception date
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund		12.69%	14.57%	7.05%	Jan. 30, 1998
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund | Returns after taxes on distributions		12.03%	14.12%	6.69%	Jan. 30, 1998
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund | Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares		7.67%	11.71%	5.66%	Jan. 30, 1998
S&P Total Market Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)		12.65%	14.61%	7.07%
Combined Index Portfolio (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	[1]	12.65%	14.61%	7.09%
Wilshire 5000 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)		13.04%	14.48%	7.17%

Updated performance information is available through troweprice.com.

[1] Subject to certain exceptions, accounts with a balance of less than $10,000 are charged an annual $20 fee.

[1] Combined Index Portfolio is a blended benchmark composed of 100% Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 Composite Index (1/30/98 - 3/31/07), then 100% S&P Total Market Index (from 4/1/07 forward).