3. Staff costs and Directors’ emoluments


	2017 $m		2016 $m		2015 $m
Staff^a
Costs:
Wages and salaries		583		537		562
Social security costs		33		29		33
Pension and other post-retirement benefits:
Defined benefit plans (note 25)		5		5		5
Defined contribution plans		24		23		28

		645		594		628


	2017		2016		2015
Average number of employees, including part-time employees:
Americas		2,149		2,121		2,082
Europe		813		782		1,041
AMEA		1,454		1,598		1,658
Greater China		294		299		865
Central		1,948		1,787		1,665

		6,658		6,587		7,311

^a	Includes $13m (2016: $1m, 2015: $3m) classified as exceptional.

The costs of the above employees are borne by IHG. Of these, 91% were employed on a full-time basis and 9% were employed on a part-time basis.

In addition to the above, the Group has employees who work directly on behalf of the System Fund and whose costs are borne by the Fund as disclosed in note 32. In line with IHG’s business model, IHG also employs General Managers and, in the US predominantly, other hotel workers who work in the managed hotels and who have contracts or letters of service with IHG. The total number of these employees is 22,577 (2016: 22,002, 2015: 20,452) and their costs of $1,056m (2016: $1,002m, 2015: $936m) are borne by those hotels.

2017
$m

2016
$m

2015
$m

Directors’ emoluments

Base salaries, fees, performance payments and benefits

4.9

6.1

7.9


LOGO		More detailed information on the emoluments, pensions, share awards and shareholdings for each Director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 64 to 77.