Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Variable Interest Entities

We consolidate a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the results of the VIE and the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. For VIEs that are under common control with affiliates, in lieu of an assessment of the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the results of the VIE, we may be required to assess a number of other factors to determine the consolidating entity, including the following: (i) the closeness of the association that the VIE has with the businesses of the affiliated entities, (ii) the entity from which the VIE obtained its assets; (iii) the nature of ongoing management and other agreements; and (iv) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Along with the VIEs that are consolidated in accordance with the above guidelines, we also hold variable interests in other VIEs that are not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary. We continually monitor both consolidated and non-consolidated VIEs to determine if any events have occurred that could cause the primary beneficiary to change.

Noncontrolling Interest and Earnings from Consolidated VIE

We account for the noncontrolling interest in our consolidated VIE, CGP LLC, using the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method to attribute the earnings and losses of CGP LLC between the controlling and noncontrolling interest. Under this method, the noncontrolling interest in the CGP LLC entity is based upon the noncontrolling interest holders' contractual claims on CGP LLC’s accounting balance sheet pursuant to the mandatory liquidation provisions of the operating agreement. Under this approach, the income or loss that represents our noncontrolling interest holders' net income is associated with the increase or decrease in the noncontrolling interest holders' contractual claims on CGP LLC’s balance sheet assuming a hypothetical liquidation at the end of that reporting period when compared with their claims on CGP LLC’s balance sheet assuming a hypothetical liquidation at the beginning of that reporting period, after removing any contributions or distributions. Caesars' resulting net income from the controlling interest is the residual net income from the consolidation of the VIE less the HLBV calculated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest holder. Due to certain mandatory liquidation provisions of the operating agreement, this could result in a net loss to Caesars consolidated results in periods in which CGP LLC reports net income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Our cash and cash equivalents of $2,771.2 million as of December 31, 2013, includes $976.9 million held by CGP LLC, which is not available for our use to fund operations or satisfy our obligations.

Restricted Cash

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had $424.3 million and $1,198.2 million of restricted cash, respectively, comprised of current and non-current portions. Proceeds from bond offerings that are in escrow prior to closing and cash reserved under loan agreements for (a) development projects and (b) certain expenditures incurred in the normal course of business, such as interest services, real estate taxes, casualty insurance, and capital improvements, are classified as restricted cash. The current portion is primarily comprised of amounts related to interest payments on outstanding debt, and the non-current portion primarily represents funds reserved for ongoing development projects. In 2012, the current portion included $750.0 million in proceeds under our 9% senior secured notes due 2020, the proceeds of which had been placed into escrow. On February 20, 2013, the escrow conditions were satisfied and the cash was no longer considered restricted.

Receivables

We issue credit to approved casino customers following background checks and investigations of creditworthiness. Business or economic conditions or other significant events could affect the collectibility of these receivables.

Accounts receivable are typically non-interest bearing and are initially recorded at cost. Accounts are written off when management deems the account to be uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts previously written off are recorded when received. We reserve an estimated amount for gaming receivables that may not be collected to reduce receivables to their net carrying amount. Methodologies for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts range from specific reserves to various percentages applied to aged receivables. Historical collection rates are considered, as are customer relationships, in determining specific reserves. Receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $162.0 million and $201.7 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Casino Reinvestment Development Authority Investment ("CRDA") Obligations

The New Jersey Casino Control Act provides, among other things, for an assessment of licenses equal to 1.25% of gross gaming revenues in lieu of an investment alternative tax equal to 2.5% of gross gaming revenues. The Company may satisfy this investment obligation by investing in qualified eligible direct investments, by making qualified contributions, or by depositing funds with the CRDA. Funds deposited with the CRDA may be used to purchase bonds designated by the CRDA or, under certain circumstances, may be donated to the CRDA in exchange for credits against future CRDA investment obligations. We record an allowance for funds deposited to reduce the deposits to their expected eventual realizable value.

Long-Lived Assets

We have significant capital invested in our long-lived assets, and judgments are made in determining their estimated useful lives and salvage values and if or when an asset (or asset group) has been impaired. The accuracy of these estimates affects the amount of depreciation and amortization expense recognized in our financial results and whether we have a gain or loss on the disposal of an asset. We assign lives to our assets based on our standard policy, which is established by management as representative of the useful life of each category of asset.

We review the carrying value of our long-lived assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. We typically estimate the fair value of assets starting with a "Replacement Cost New" approach and then deduct appropriate amounts for both functional and economic obsolescence to arrive at the fair value estimates. Other factors considered by management in performing this assessment may include current operating results, trends, prospects, and third-party appraisals, as well as the effect of demand, competition, and other economic, legal, and regulatory factors. In estimating expected future cash flows for determining whether an asset is impaired, assets are grouped at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, which, for most of our assets, is the individual property. These analyses are sensitive to management assumptions and the estimates of the obsolescence factors. Changes in these assumptions and estimates could have a material impact on the analyses and the consolidated financial statements.

Additions to property and equipment are stated at cost. We capitalize the costs of improvements that extend the life of the asset. We expense maintenance and repair costs as incurred. Gains or losses on the dispositions of property and equipment are recognized in the period of disposal. Interest expense is capitalized on internally constructed assets at the applicable weighted-average borrowing rates of interest. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project is substantially complete or construction activity is suspended for more than a brief period of time. Interest capitalized was $37.8 million and $38.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the related lease as follows:

Useful Lives



Land improvements	12 years
Buildings	30 to 40 years
Leasehold improvements	5 to 15 years
Riverboats and barges	30 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	2.5 to 20 years

Goodwill and Other Non-Amortizing Intangible Assets

The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. We determine the estimated fair values after review and consideration of relevant information including discounted cash flows, quoted market prices, and estimates made by management. To the extent the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such excess is recorded as goodwill.

We have historically performed our annual goodwill impairment assessment as of September 30, and finalized the assessment in the following quarter in some years. In 2013, we performed this September 30 assessment and subsequently changed our testing date to October 1. We believe this change was preferable because it will allow us to take advantage of the additional time and resources available to perform the test. This change was not applied retrospectively as it is impracticable to do so because retrospective application would have required the application of significant estimates and assumptions without the use of hindsight. We did not change our methodology with the change in our testing date. We perform this assessment more frequently if impairment indicators exist. We determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit based on a combination of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), valuation multiples, and estimated future cash flows discounted at rates commensurate with the capital structure and cost of capital of comparable market participants, giving appropriate consideration to the prevailing borrowing rates within the casino industry in general. We also evaluate the aggregate fair value of all of our reporting units and other non-operating assets in comparison to our aggregate debt and equity market capitalization at the test date. EBITDA multiples and discounted cash flows are common measures used to value businesses in our industry.

We have historically performed an annual impairment assessment of other non-amortizing intangible assets as of September 30. We have also historically performed an assessment more frequently if impairment indicators exist. In 2013, we performed this September 30 assessment and subsequently changed our testing date to October 1. We did not change our methodology with the change in our testing date. We perform this assessment more frequently if impairment indicators exist. We determine the estimated fair value of our non-amortizing intangible assets by primarily using the "Relief From Royalty Method" and "Excess Earnings Method" under the income approach.

The annual evaluation of goodwill and other non-amortizing intangible assets requires the use of estimates about future operating results, valuation multiples, and discount rates to determine their estimated fair value. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect these estimates. Thus, to the extent gaming volumes deteriorate further in the near future, discount rates increase significantly, or we do not meet our projected performance, we could have additional impairments to record in the future and such impairments could be material.

Debt Discounts or Premiums and Debt Issue Costs

Debt discounts or premiums and debt issue costs incurred in connection with the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized to interest expense based on the related debt agreements primarily using the effective interest method. Unamortized discounts or premiums are written off and included in our gain or loss calculations to the extent we retire debt prior to its original maturity date. Unamortized debt issue costs are included in deferred charges and other in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Total Rewards Point Liability Program

Our customer loyalty program, Total Rewards, offers incentives to customers who gamble at all of our casino entertainment facilities located in the U.S. and Canada for on-property entertainment expenses, including gaming, hotel, dining, and retail shopping. Under the program, customers are able to accumulate, or bank, reward credits over time that they may redeem at their discretion under the terms of the program. The reward credit balance will be forfeited if the customer does not earn a reward credit over the prior six-month period. As a result of the ability of the customer to bank the reward credits, we accrue the estimated cost of fulfilling the redemption of reward credits, after consideration of estimated forfeitures (referred to as "breakage"), as they are earned. The estimated value of reward credits is expensed as the reward credits are earned by customers and is included in direct casino expense. To arrive at the estimated cost associated with reward credits, estimates and assumptions are made regarding incremental marginal costs of the benefits, breakage rates, and the mix of goods and services for which reward credits will be redeemed. We use historical data to assist in the determination of estimated accruals. Such amounts are included within accrued expenses. See Note 8, "Detail of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities."

In addition to reward credits, customers at certain of our properties can earn points based on play that are redeemable in the form of credits playable at the gaming machine. We accrue the cost of redeemable points, after consideration of estimated breakage, as they are earned. The cost is recorded as contra-revenue and is included in casino promotional allowances.

Self-Insurance Accruals

We are self-insured for various levels of workers' compensation, property and general liability, employee medical coverage, and other coverage. Insurance claims and reserves include accruals of estimated settlements for known claims, as well as accruals of actuarial estimates of incurred but not reported claims. In estimating these reserves, historical loss experience and judgments about the expected levels of costs per claim are considered. These claims are accounted for based on actuarial estimates of the undiscounted claims, including those claims incurred but not reported. We believe the use of actuarial methods to account for these liabilities provides a consistent and effective way to measure these highly judgmental accruals. We regularly monitor the potential for changes in estimates, evaluate our insurance accruals, and adjust our recorded provisions.

Revenue Recognition

Casino Revenues

Casino revenues are measured by the aggregate net difference between gaming wins and losses, with liabilities recognized for funds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs and for chips in the customers’ possession. Food and beverage, rooms, and other operating revenues are recognized when services are performed. Advance deposits on rooms and advance ticket sales are recorded as customer deposits until services are provided to the customer. Sales taxes and other taxes collected from customers on behalf of governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are not included in net revenues or operating expenses.

The retail value of accommodations, food and beverage, and other services furnished to guests without charge is included in gross revenues and then deducted as promotional allowances. See Note 13, "Casino Promotional Allowances."

Interactive Entertainment—Social and Mobile Games

CIE derives revenue from the sale of virtual currencies within casino-themed social and mobile games that are played on various global social and mobile third-party platforms. Within the Slotomania application, game players may collect free virtual coins on a regular basis, may send "gifts" of either free virtual coins or free slot machine spins to their friends through interactions with the Facebook application, and may "earn" free virtual coins through targeted marketing promotions. Within the Bingo Blitz application, game players may collect free bingo credits on a regular basis, may send "gifts" of free bingo credits or other virtual items to their friends through interactions with the Facebook application, and may "earn" free bingo credits through targeted marketing promotions. Virtual coins in Slotomania and virtual bingo credits in Bingo Blitz (collectively referred to as "virtual currency" or "virtual goods") allow the game players to play the respective games free of charge. A game player may purchase additional virtual goods above and beyond the level of free virtual goods available to that player. Purchased virtual goods are deposited into the player's account and are then not separately identifiable from virtual goods previously obtained by the player.

CIE is able to reliably estimate the period of time over which virtual currency is consumed. As such, CIE recognizes revenue using an item-based revenue model. However, CIE is unable to distinguish between when purchased or free virtual currency is being consumed; therefore, CIE must estimate the amount of outstanding purchased virtual currency at each reporting period based on customer behavior. CIE records within other current liabilities the deferred revenue associated with its social and mobile games, and also records within other current assets the prepaid platform fees associated with this deferred revenue.

CIE's applications are played on various social and mobile third-party platforms for which such third parties collect monies from CIE’s customers and pay CIE an amount after deducting a platform fee. CIE is the primary obligor with its customers under these arrangements, retains the ability to establish the pricing for its virtual currencies, and assumes all credit risk with its customers. Based upon these facts, CIE recognizes revenues from its game-playing customers on a gross basis and related platform fees are recorded as a component of operating expense.

Advertising

The Company expenses the production costs of advertising the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising expense was $207.9 million, $194.2 million, and $190.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.

Income Taxes

The effect on the income tax provision and deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We have provided a valuation allowance on certain foreign and state net operating losses ("NOLs"), and other federal, state, and foreign deferred tax assets. NOLs and other federal, state, and foreign deferred tax assets were not deemed realizable based upon near term estimates of future taxable income.

We classify reserves for tax uncertainties within accrued expenses and deferred credits and other in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, separate from any related income tax payable, which is also reported within accrued expenses, or deferred income taxes. Reserve amounts relate to any potential income tax liabilities resulting from uncertain tax positions, as well as potential interest or penalties associated with those liabilities.

We file income tax returns, including returns for our subsidiaries, with federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions, except for CGP LLC, which is filed as part of a separate tax filing group. We are under regular and recurring audit by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and various state taxing authorities on open tax positions, and it is possible that the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits could change during the next 12 months.