On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), using the modified retrospective method applied to those license agreements that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 605. Under Topic 605, the Company recognized minimum royalty revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of each contract year, as defined, in each license agreement and royalties exceeding the defined minimum amounts were recognized as income during the period corresponding to the licensee’s sales. Under Topic 606, the Company is recognizing the minimum royalty revenue on a straight-line basis over the entire contract term and royalties exceeding the defined minimum amounts are recognized only in the subsequent periods to when the minimum guarantee for the contract year has been achieved and when the later of the following events occur: (i) the subsequent sale occurs, or (ii) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied), as is discussed below.

We recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings and the corresponding amount to non-controlling interest of $16.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively, net of tax, as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily related to our revenues associated with license agreements that have escalating guaranteed minimum royalties in the contract years of the license agreement term. The impact to revenues was an increase of approximately $3.9 million for FY 2018 as a result of applying Topic 606.

The Company licenses its brands across a broad range of product categories, including fashion apparel, footwear, accessories, sportswear, home furnishings and décor, and beauty and fragrance. The Company seeks licensees with the ability to produce and sell quality products in their licensed categories and to meet and exceed minimum sales and royalty payment thresholds.

The Company maintains direct-to-retail and traditional wholesale licenses. Typically, in a direct-to-retail license, the Company grants exclusive rights to one of its brands to a national retailer for a broad range of product categories. Direct-to-retail licenses provide retailers with proprietary rights to national brands at favorable economics. In a traditional wholesale license, the Company grants the right to a specific brand to a single or small group of related product categories to a wholesale supplier, who is permitted to sell licensed products to multiple retailers within an approved distribution channel.

The Company’s license agreements typically require the licensee to pay the Company royalties based upon net sales with guaranteed minimum royalties. The Company’s licenses also typically require the licensees to pay to the Company certain minimum amounts for the advertising and marketing of the respective licensed brands.

Licensing revenue is comprised of revenue related to the Company’s entry into various trade name license agreements that provide revenues based on minimum royalties and advertising/marketing fees and additional revenues based on a percentage of defined sales. Minimum royalty amounts are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the full contract term. Minimum royalties that escalate on an annual basis over the contract term are recognized on a straight-line basis over the full contract term. Royalties exceeding the defined minimum amounts in a specific contract year (sales-based royalties), as defined in each license agreement, are recognized only in the subsequent periods to when the minimum guarantee for the contract year has been achieved and when the later of the following events occur: (i) the subsequent sale occurs, or (ii) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Within the Company’s International segment, the Umbro business purchases replica soccer jerseys for resale to certain licensees. The Company generally does this as an accommodation to its licensees to consolidate ordering from the manufacturers. The revenue associated with such activity is included in licensing revenue and was approximately $0.9 million for FY 2019 and the associated cost of goods sold is included in selling general and administrative expenses and was approximately $0.8 million for FY 2019. There was approximately $2.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of such sales and corresponding cost of goods sold in FY 2018. Revenue for these sales are recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised product to the customer or licensee in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for these products.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Licensing revenue by license type:
Direct-to-retail license	$	42,818	$	71,609
Wholesale licenses		105,059		112,769
Other licenses ⁽¹⁾		1,107		3,311
	$	148,984	$	187,689

⁽¹⁾	Included in Other licenses for FY 2019 is $0.9 million of revenue associated with the Umbro business purchases discussed above as compared to $2.9 million for FY 2018.

The following table represents our revenues disaggregated by geography:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Total licensing revenue by geographic region:
United States	$	88,444	$	120,397
Other ⁽¹⁾		60,540		67,292
	$	148,984	$	187,689

⁽¹⁾	No single country represented 10% of the Company’s revenues in the periods presented.

Remaining Performance Obligation

We enter into long-term license agreements with our licensees across all operating segments. Revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis consistent with the nature, timing and extent of our services, which primarily relate to the ongoing brand management and maintenance of the intellectual property. As of January 1, 2020, the Company and its joint ventures had a contractual right to receive approximately $400 million of aggregate minimum licensing revenue through the balance of their current licenses, excluding any renewals. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company expects to recognized revenue as follows: $87.7 million, $69.8 million, $58.8 million, $50.4 million, $36.6 million and $96.7 million for FY 2020, FY 2021, FY 2022, FY 2023, FY 2024 and thereafter, respectively.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to licensees. We record a receivable when amounts are contractually due or when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing. Deferred revenue is recorded when amounts are contractually due prior to satisfying the performance obligations of the contracts. For multi-year license agreements, as the performance obligation is providing the licensee with the right of access to the Company’s intellectual property for the contractual term, the Company uses a time-lapse measure of progress and straight lines the guaranteed minimum royalties over the contract term.

Contract Asset

We record contract assets when revenue is recognized in advance of cash payment being due from our licensees. Contract assets due within one year of the most recent balance sheet date are recorded within Other assets – current and long-term contract assets are recorded within Other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our contract assets – current and long-term contract assets were $9.4 million and $11.8 million, and $4.8 million and $14.6 million respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company incurred an impairment loss of its contract assets of $5.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively, as a result of impairments or certain contract modifications.

Deferred Revenue

We record deferred revenue when cash payment is received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which are refundable. Advanced royalty payments are recognized ratably over the period indicated by the terms of the license and are reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet in deferred revenue at the time the payment is received. The decrease in deferred revenues for FY 2019 is inclusive of $4.2 million of revenues recognized that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period offset by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying our performance obligations.