Restructuring and other charges, net includes restructuring charges (credits), headquarters relocation charges, and impairment and accretion expense charges of $5.6 million related to the lease assets of exited facilities. Refer to Note 19. Leases for additional information about exited facilities.

In 2020, restructuring and other charges, net totaled $32.7 million, of which $26.4 million is attributable to restructuring charges, $5.6 million is attributable to impairment and accretion expense related to exited lease facilities, and $0.7 million is attributable to accelerated depreciation related to the planned exit of a facility. We made cash payments related to restructuring charges of $31.5 million ($27.3 million related to the 2020 restructuring, $3.9 million related to the 2019 restructuring, and $0.3 million related to the 2016 restructuring).

In 2019, restructuring and other charges, net totaled $51.1 million, of which $48.6 million was attributable to restructuring charges ($0.2 million of which related to prior facility restructuring actions) and $2.5 million was attributable to headquarters relocation charges. We made cash payments related to restructuring charges of $24.7 million ($23.6 million related to the 2019 restructuring and $1.1 million related to the 2016 restructuring).

In 2018, restructuring and other charges, net totaled $1.0 million, all of which was attributable to restructuring charges (of which $0.2 million related to the 2016 restructuring and $0.8 million related to the 2015 restructuring). We made cash payments related to restructuring charges of $2.8 million ($2.6 million related to the 2016 restructuring and $0.2 million related to the 2015 restructuring).

During the first quarter of 2020, we initiated a restructuring program as part of a realignment associated with expected synergies and operational efficiencies related to the Onshape acquisition. In the year ended September 30, 2020, we incurred $30.8 million in connection with this restructuring plan for termination benefits associated with approximately 250 employees.

During the first quarter of 2019, we initiated a restructuring plan to realign our workforce to shift investment to support Industrial Internet of Things and Augmented Reality strategic opportunities. As this was a realignment of resources rather than a cost-savings initiative, it did not result in significant cost savings. The restructuring plan was completed in the first quarter of 2019 and resulted in restructuring charges of $16.3 million for termination benefits associated with approximately 240 employees, substantially all of which has been paid. In the year ended September 30, 2020, we recorded $0.1 million of credits related to this restructuring plan.

During the second quarter of 2019, we relocated our worldwide headquarters to the Boston Seaport District. We incurred a restructuring charge for the former headquarters lease, which expires in November 2022. As a result, we bear overlapping rent obligations for those premises and, in 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of approximately $32.7 million, based on the net present value of remaining lease commitments net of estimated sublease income. Other costs associated with the move were recorded as incurred. In 2020, we recorded a $4.3 million net credit for accrued variable operating restructuring charges, primarily associated with the exit of a portion of our former headquarters lease under a partial buy-out agreement with the landlord.

The following table summarizes restructuring accrual activity for the three years ended September 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Employee severance and related benefits			Facility closures and other costs			Consolidated total
Balance, September 30, 2017	$	1,736		$	4,508		$	6,244
Charges (credits) to operations, net		(509	)		(494	)		(1,003	)
Cash disbursements		(1,247	)		(1,509	)		(2,756	)
Foreign exchange impact		20			(90	)		(70	)
Balance, September 30, 2018		—			2,415			2,415
Charges to operations, net		15,704			32,908			48,612
Cash disbursements		(15,402	)		(9,319	)		(24,721	)
Other non-cash charges		—			4,812			4,812
Foreign exchange impact		(4	)		(28	)		(32	)
Balance, September 30, 2019		298			30,788			31,086
ASC 842 adoption		—			(16,462	)		(16,462	)
Charges (credits) to operations, net		30,690			(4,263	)		26,427
Cash disbursements		(27,256	)		(4,246	)		(31,502	)
Other non-cash		—			164			164
Foreign exchange impact		260			14			274
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	3,992		$	5,995		$	9,987

The accrual for employee severance and related benefits is included in accrued compensation and benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Upon adoption of ASC 842, $16.5 million of accrued expenses and other current liabilities, representing the present value of lease commitments net of estimated sublease income, were reclassified to lease assets and obligations: $7.6 million to lease assets, $9.2 million to short-term lease obligations and $14.9 million to long-term lease obligations.

As of September 30, 2020, the remaining restructuring facility accrual of $6.0 million relates to variable non-lease costs not subject to ASC 842, of which, $2.8 million is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $3.2 million is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Of the accrual for facility closures and related costs, as of September 30, 2019, $11.9 million is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $18.9 million is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Headquarters relocation charges represent other expenses associated with exiting our prior Needham headquarters facility and relocating to our new worldwide headquarters in the Boston Seaport District. In 2019 and 2018, we recorded $1.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of accelerated depreciation expense related to shortening the estimated useful lives of leasehold improvements related to the Needham location. Headquarters relocation charges for 2019 also included $0.6 million of rental expense for the Needham facility that overlapped with rental expense for the new Seaport headquarters.