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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Jul. 02, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
In the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, our effective tax rate was 537% on a pre-tax loss of $0.7 million and (9)% on a pre-tax loss of $23.8 million, respectively, compared to 3% on pre-tax income of $17.9 million and (1)% on pretax income of $52.7 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2016 and 2015, our effective tax rate was lower than the 35% statutory federal income tax rate due to our corporate structure in which our foreign taxes are at a net effective tax rate lower than the U.S. rate. A significant amount of our foreign earnings is generated by our subsidiaries organized in Ireland. In 2016 and 2015, the foreign rate differential predominantly relates to these Irish earnings. Our foreign rate differential in 2016 and 2015 includes a rate benefit from a business realignment completed on September 30, 2014 in which intellectual property was transferred between two wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries. The realignment allows us to more efficiently manage the distribution of our products to European customers. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2016 and 2015, this realignment resulted in a tax benefit of approximately $9 million and $16 million, and $6 million and $14 million, respectively. Additionally, in the first nine months of 2016 and 2015, our provision reflects a tax benefit of $2.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively, related to a retroactive extension of the U.S. research and development tax credit enacted in the first quarter of each of 2016 and 2015. In the first nine months of 2016 and 2015, this benefit was offset by a corresponding provision to increase our U.S. valuation allowance. In addition, in the first nine months of 2015, we recorded a tax benefit of $3.1 million related to the reassessment of our reserve requirements, and a benefit of $1.4 million in conjunction with the reorganization of our Atego U.S. subsidiaries.
As of July 2, 2016 and September 30, 2015, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $15.5 million and $14.1 million, respectively. If all of our unrecognized tax benefits as of July 2, 2016 were to become recognizable in the future, we would record a benefit to the income tax provision of $13.9 million, which would be partially offset by an increase in the U.S. valuation allowance of $4.8 million
Although we believe our tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in favorable or unfavorable changes in our estimates. We believe it is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months the amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to the resolution of multi-jurisdictional tax positions could be reduced by up to $5.0 million as audits close and statutes of limitations expire.  
In the fourth quarter of 2016, we received an assessment from the tax authorities in Korea related to an ongoing tax audit of approximately $12 million.  The assessment relates to various tax issues but primarily to foreign withholding taxes. We intend to appeal and will vigorously defend our positions. We believe that it is more likely than not that our positions will be sustained upon appeal. Accordingly, we have not recorded a tax reserve for this matter. We have not yet determined whether it will be necessary to pay the assessment while our appeal is pending. If we do not pay the assessment while our appeal is pending and we lose our appeal, we could be subject to substantial additional penalties.