Confirming Statement

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, as Reporting Person of Putnam Investment
Management, LLC and/or Putnam, LLC, the Issuer's Investment Adviser and
Indirect Parent Holding Company, respectively, hereby authorize and
designate each and every Managing Director, Senior Vice President and
Vice President in the Putnam Investments Legal and Compliance
Department to file SEC Exchange Act Forms 3, 4 or 5 on my behalf until
further notice in electronic format pursuant to Rule 101(b)(4) of
Regulation S-T.

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/s/  Jonathan S. Horwitz