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Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net
 9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Amortizable intangible assets were (in thousands):
 June 30, 2021September 30, 2020
Gross
carrying
amount		Accum.
amort.		NetGross
carrying
amount		Accum.
amort.		Net
Purchased and core technology$77,624 $(59,264)$18,360 $76,011 $(55,482)$20,529 
License agreements112 (112)— 112 (112)— 
Patents and trademarks23,591 (14,806)8,785 22,836 (13,535)9,301 
Customer relationships129,690 (41,913)87,777 125,500 (34,232)91,268 
Non-compete agreements600 (540)60 600 (450)150 
Total$231,617 $(116,635)$114,982 $225,059 $(103,811)$121,248 

Amortization expense was $4.1 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $12.0 million and $10.7 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded on our condensed consolidated statements of operations within cost of sales and in general and administrative expense.
Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2021 and the five succeeding fiscal years is (in thousands):
2021 (six months)$7,736 
2022$14,722 
2023$12,518 
2024$11,815 
2025$8,358 
2026$8,126 
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):
 Nine months ended June 30,
 IoT
Products and Services		IoT
Solutions		Total
Balance on September 30, 2020$160,365 $49,770 $210,135 
Acquisition8,617— 8,617 
Adjustment (see Note 2)846— 846 
Foreign currency translation adjustment882 851 1,733 
Balance at June 30, 2021$170,710 $50,621 $221,331 


Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. We continue to have 2 reportable segments, our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment (see Note 9). Effective with the reorganization announcement on October 7, 2020 (see Note 14), our IoT Products & Services business is now structured to include four reporting units under the IoT Products & Services segment, each with a reporting manager: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. We have four reporting units along with our IoT Solutions segment that have been tested individually for impairment.

Due to the reorganization on October 7, 2020 (see Note 14), we performed our fiscal third quarter 2021 annual impairment test by reporting unit. As a result, we tested Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions, Infrastructure Management and IOT Solutions units which constitute separate reporting units for purposes of the ASC 350-20-35 "Goodwill Measurement of Impairment" assessment, which were tested individually for impairment in fiscal third quarter 2021.
For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, then an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess. Fair values for the five reporting units were each estimated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach.



6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
The income approach indicates the fair value of a business based on the value of the cash flows the business or asset can be expected to generate in the future. A commonly used variation of the income approach used to value a business is the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method. The DCF method is a valuation technique in which the value of a business is estimated on the earnings capacity, or available cash flow, of that business. Earnings capacity represents the earnings available for distribution to stockholders after consideration of the reinvestment required for future growth. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each reporting unit and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows.
The market approach indicates the fair value of a business or asset based on a comparison of the business or asset to comparable publicly traded companies or assets and transactions in its industry as well as our prior acquisitions. This approach can be estimated through the guideline company method. This method indicates fair value of a business by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting the guideline companies, we make judgments about the comparability of the companies based on size, growth rates, profitability, risk, and return on investment in order to estimate market multiples. These multiples are then applied to the reporting units to estimate a fair value.
Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective.  They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could negatively affect the estimated fair values. We will continue to monitor potential COVID-19 industry and demand impacts as this could potentially affect our cash flows and market capitalization. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
Results of our Fiscal 2021 Annual Impairment Test

As of June 30, 2021, we had a total of $32.7 million of goodwill for the Enterprise Routers reporting unit, $60.2 million of goodwill for the Console Servers reporting unit, $63.4 million of goodwill for the OEM Solutions reporting unit, $15.4 million of goodwill for the Infrastructure Mgmt. reporting unit and $49.5 million of goodwill for the IoT Solutions reporting unit. At June 30, 2021, fair value exceeded the carrying value by more than 20% for all five reporting units. Implied fair values for both reporting units were each calculated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach. The implied fair values of each reporting unit were added together along with our unallocated assets to get an indicated value of total equity to which a range of indicated value of total equity was derived. This range was compared to the total market capitalization of $686.3 million as of June 30, 2021. This implied a range of control (deficit)/ premiums of (4.5)% to 5.4%. This range of control premiums fell below the control premiums observed in the last five years in the communications equipment industry. As a result, the market capitalization reconciliation analysis proved support for the reasonableness of the fair values estimated for each individual reporting unit.