Table of Contents
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM
10-Q
 
 
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended April
1, 2023
OR
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from
                    
to
                    
Commission File Number:
0-21238
 
 
 
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
Delaware
 
06-1313069
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
13410 Sutton Park Drive South, Jacksonville, Florida
(Address of principal executive offices)
32224
(Zip Code)
(904)
398-9400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last
report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
 
Trading
Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock
 
LSTR
 
NASDAQ
 
 
 
Indicate
 
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:    
Yes
  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files):    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
       
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
       
         Emerging growth company  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange
Act).     Yes  ☐    No  
 
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of the close of business on April 24, 2023 was 35,933,111.
 
 



Table of Contents

Index

 

PART I – Financial Information   
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022    Page 4
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Thirteen Weeks Ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022    Page 5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Thirteen Weeks Ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022    Page 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Thirteen Weeks Ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022    Page 7
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Thirteen Weeks Ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022    Page 8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements    Page 9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    Page 17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    Page 29
Item 4. Controls and Procedures    Page 30

PART II – Other Information

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings    Page 30
Item 1A. Risk Factors    Page 30
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    Page 31
Item 6. Exhibits    Page 32
Signatures    Page 34
EX – 31.1 Section 302 CEO Certification   
EX – 31.2 Section 302 CFO Certification   
EX – 32.1 Section 906 CEO Certification   
EX – 32.2 Section 906 CFO Certification   

 

2


Table of Contents
2.50http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022#OtherLiabilitiesCurrenthttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022#DeferredIncomeTaxesAndOtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
PART I -
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
The interim consolidated financial statements contained herein reflect all adjustments (all of a normal, recurring nature) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the periods presented. They have been prepared in accordance with Rule
10-01
of Regulation
S-X
and do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Operating results for the thirteen weeks ended April 1, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending December 30, 2023.
These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form
10-K.
 
3

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
    
April 1,

2023
   
December 31,

2022
 
ASSETS
                
Current Assets
                
Cash and cash equivalents
   $ 340,987     $ 339,581  
Short-term investments
     47,168       53,955  
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance of $12,577 and $12,121
     899,811       967,793  
Other receivables, including advances to independent contractors, less allowance of $11,758 and $10,579
     53,242       56,235  
Other current assets
     12,684       21,826  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total current assets
     1,353,892       1,439,390  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating property, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $406,648 and $393,274
     306,224       314,990  
Goodwill
     41,726       41,220  
Other assets
     136,018       136,279  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   $ 1,837,860     $ 1,931,879  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                
Current Liabilities
                
Cash overdraft
   $ 66,195     $ 92,953  
Accounts payable
     490,304       527,372  
Current maturities of long-term debt
     33,801       36,175  
Insurance claims
     50,064       50,836  
Dividends payable
              71,854  
Other current liabilities
     100,980       98,945  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total current liabilities
     741,344       878,135  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
     60,191       67,225  
Insurance claims
     57,974       58,268  
Deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities
     42,699       41,030  
Shareholders’ Equity
                
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 160,000,000 shares, issued 68,483,963 and 68,382,310 shares
     685       684  
Additional
paid-in
capital
     253,138       258,487  
Retained earnings
     2,703,349       2,635,960  
Cost of 32,550,852 and 32,455,300 shares of common stock in treasury
     (2,009,327     (1,992,886
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
     (12,193     (15,024
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
     935,652       887,221  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
   $ 1,837,860     $ 1,931,879  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
4

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 

 
  
Thirteen Weeks Ended
 
 
  
April 1,

2023
 
 
March 26,

2022
 
Revenue
   $ 1,435,675     $ 1,970,599  
Investment income
     1,368       721  
Costs and expenses:
                
Purchased transportation
     1,101,294       1,550,330  
Commissions to agents
     125,675       149,778  
Other operating costs, net of gains on asset sales/dispositions
     12,378       11,141  
Insurance and claims
     27,647       30,768  
Selling, general and administrative
     53,567       52,713  
Depreciation and amortization
     15,198       13,757  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total costs and expenses
     1,335,759       1,808,487  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating income
     101,284       162,833  
Interest and debt (income) expense
     (726     1,123  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
     102,010       161,710  
Income taxes
     23,815       36,871  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income
   $ 78,195       124,839  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
   $ 2.17     $ 3.34  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Average diluted shares outstanding
     35,982,000       37,418,000  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Dividends per common share
   $ 0.30     $ 0.25  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
5

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 

 
  
Thirteen Weeks Ended
 
 
  
April 1,

2023
 
  
March 26,

2022
 
Net income
   $ 78,195      $ 124,839  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on
available-for-sale
investments, net of tax expense (benefit) of $306 and ($1,421)
     1,120        (5,187
Foreign currency translation gains
     1,711        1,275  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
     2,831        (3,912
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
   $ 81,026      $ 120,927  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
6

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
    
Thirteen Weeks Ended
 
    
April 1,

2023
   
March 26,

2022
 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                
Net income
   $ 78,195     $ 124,839  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                
Depreciation and amortization
     15,198       13,757  
Non-cash
interest charges
     66       112  
Provisions for losses on trade and other accounts receivable
     3,199       2,626  
Gains on sales/disposals of operating property
     (1,140     (165
Deferred income taxes, net
     758       1,324  
Stock-based compensation
     1,852       1,995  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                
Decrease (increase) in trade and other accounts receivable
     67,776       (93,542
Decrease in other assets
     8,625       2,531  
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable
     (37,068     22,207  
Increase in other liabilities
     2,640       11,910  
(Decrease) increase in insurance claims
     (1,066     7,371  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
     139,035       94,965  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                
Sales and maturities of investments
     40,349       12,420  
Purchases of investments
     (31,425     (13,428
Purchases of operating property
     (6,233     (3,609
Proceeds from sales of operating property
     1,645       643  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
NET CASH PROVIDED (USED) BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES
     4,336       (3,974
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                
Decrease in cash overdraft
     (26,758     (20,263
Dividends paid
     (82,660     (84,711
Proceeds from exercises of stock options
     28       56  
Taxes paid in lieu of shares issued related to stock-based compensation plans
     (8,236     (10,183
Borrowings on revolving credit facility
              70,000  
Purchases of common stock
     (15,433     (109,332
Principal payments on finance lease obligations
     (9,408     (9,532
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
NET CASH USED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES
     (142,467     (163,965
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
     502       815  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
     1,406       (72,159
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
     339,581       219,571  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
   $ 340,987     $ 147,412  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
7

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Thirteen Weeks Ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
    
Common Stock
    
Additional
Paid-In
   
Retained
   
Treasury Stock at Cost
   
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
       
    
Shares
    
Amount
    
Capital
   
Earnings
   
Shares
    
Amount
   
(Loss) Income
   
Total
 
Balance December 31, 2022
     68,382,310      $ 684      $ 258,487     $ 2,635,960       32,455,300      $ (1,992,886   $ (15,024   $ 887,221  
Net income
                               78,195                                78,195  
Dividends ($0.30 per share)
                               (10,806                              (10,806
Purchases of common stock
                                       89,661        (15,433             (15,433
Issuance of stock related to stock-based
compensation plans
     101,653        1        (7,201             5,891        (1,008             (8,208
Stock-based compensation
                       1,852                                        1,852  
Other comprehensive income
                                                        2,831       2,831  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance April 1, 2023
     68,483,963      $ 685      $ 253,138     $ 2,703,349       32,550,852      $ (2,009,327   $ (12,193   $ 935,652  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
    
Common Stock
    
Additional
Paid-In
   
Retained
   
Treasury Stock at Cost
   
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
       
    
Shares
    
Amount
    
Capital
   
Earnings
   
Shares
    
Amount
   
Loss
   
Total
 
Balance December 25, 2021
     68,232,975      $ 682      $ 255,148     $ 2,317,184       30,539,235      $ (1,705,601   $ (5,403   $ 862,010  
Net income
                               124,839                                124,839  
Dividends ($0.25 per share)
                               (9,324                              (9,324
Purchases of common stock
                                       693,550        (109,332             (109,332
Issuance of stock related to stock-based
compensation plans
     137,176        2        (8,913             10,033        (1,216             (10,127
Stock-based compensation
                       1,995                                        1,995  
Other comprehensive loss
                                                        (3,912     (3,912
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance March 26, 2022
     68,370,151      $ 684      $ 248,230     $ 2,432,699       31,242,818      $ (1,816,149   $ (9,315   $ 856,149  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
8

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary, Landstar System Holdings, Inc., and reflect all adjustments (all of a normal, recurring nature) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the use of management’s estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary are herein referred to as “Landstar” or the “Company.” Significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
(1)
Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes (i) the percentage of consolidated revenue generated by mode of transportation and (ii) the total amount of truck transportation revenue hauled by BCO Independent Contractors and Truck Brokerage Carriers generated by equipment type during the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
 

 
  
Thirteen Weeks Ended
 
Mode
  
April 1,

2023
 
 
March 26,

2022
 
Truck – BCO Independent Contractors
     36     37
Truck – Truck Brokerage Carriers
     56     52
Rail intermodal
     2     2
Ocean and air cargo carriers
     4     8
Truck Equipment Type
                
Van equipment
   $ 755,083     $ 1,081,206  
Unsided/platform equipment
   $ 377,564     $ 408,757  
Less-than-truckload
   $ 31,558     $ 33,720  
Other truck transportation (1)
   $ 159,503     $ 227,601  
 
(1)
Includes power-only, expedited, straight truck, cargo van, and miscellaneous other truck transportation revenue generated by the transportation logistics segment. Power-only refers to shipments where the Company furnishes a power unit and an operator but not trailing equipment, which is typically provided by the shipper or consignee.
 
9

Table of Contents
(2)
Share-based Payment Arrangements
As of April 1, 2023, the Company has an employee equity incentive plan, the 2011 equity incentive plan (the “2011 EIP”). The Company also has a stock compensation plan for members of its Board of Directors, the 2022 Directors Stock Compensation Plan (the “2022 DSCP”), which replaced the Amended and Restated 2013 Directors Stock Compensation Plan (as amended and restated, the “2013 DSCP”). The provisions of the 2022 DSCP are substantially similar to the provisions of the 2013 DSCP. 6,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2011 EIP and 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2022 DSCP. The 2011 EIP, 2013 DSCP and 2022 DSCP are each referred to herein as a “Plan,” and, collectively, as the “Plans.” Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to these Plans are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
  
Thirteen Weeks Ended
 
 
  
April 1,

2023
 
  
March 26,

2022
 
Total cost of the Plans during the period
   $ 1,852      $ 1,995  
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized during the period
     (2,751      (3,360
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net cost of the Plans during the period
   $ (899    $ (1,365
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Included in income tax benefits recognized in the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022 were excess tax benefits from stock-based awards of $2,296,000 and $2,869,000, respectively.
As of April 1, 2023, there were 193,217 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the 2022 DSCP and 3,022,221 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the 2011 EIP.
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards with either a performance condition or a market condition under the Plans:
 

 
  
Number of

RSUs
 
  
Weighted Average

Grant Date

Fair Value
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
     151,780      $ 115.80  
Granted
     41,162      $ 165.29  
Shares earned in excess of target
(1)
     74,418      $ 101.31  
Vested shares, including shares earned in excess of target
     (125,652    $ 102.37  
    
 
 
          
Outstanding at April 1, 2023
     141,708      $ 134.47  
    
 
 
          
 
(1)
Represents additional shares earned under each of the February 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020 RSU awards, as fiscal year 2022 financial results exceeded target performance level.
During the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023, the Company granted RSUs with a performance condition. Outstanding RSUs at both December 31, 2022 and April 1, 2023 include RSUs with a performance condition and RSUs with a market condition, as further described below and in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form
10-K.
RSUs with a performance condition granted on February 3, 2023 may vest on January 31 of 2026, 2027 and 2028 based on growth in operating income and
pre-tax
income per diluted share from continuing operations as compared to the results from the 2022 fiscal year.
The Company recognized approximately $958,000 and $1,301,000 of share-based compensation expense related to RSU awards in the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022, respectively. As of April 1, 2023, there was a maximum of $30.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSU awards granted under the Plans with an expected average remaining life of approximately 4.0 years. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the amount of future compensation expense to be recognized will be determined based on future operating results.
 
10

Non-vested
Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Units
The
following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding shares of
non-vested
restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units (defined below) under the Plans:
 
    
Number of Shares

and Deferred
Stock Units
    
Weighted Average

Grant Date

Fair Value
 
Non-vested
at December 31, 2022
     47,795      $ 138.30  
Granted
     16,757      $ 180.42  
Vested
     (16,857    $ 131.56  
    
 
 
          
Non-vested
at April 1, 2023
     47,695      $ 155.48  
    
 
 
          
The fair value of each share of
non-vested
restricted stock issued and Deferred Stock Unit granted under the Plans is based on the fair value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Shares of non-vested restricted stock are generally subject to vesting in three equal annual installments either on the first, second and third anniversary of the date of the grant or the third, fourth and fifth anniversary of the date of the grant, or 100% on the first, third or fifth anniversary of the date of the grant. For restricted stock awards granted under the 2022 DSCP, each recipient may elect to defer receipt of shares and instead receive restricted stock units (“Deferred Stock Units”), which represent contingent rights to receive shares of the Company’s common stock on the date of recipient separation from service from the Board of Directors, or, if earlier, upon a change in control event of the Company. Deferred Stock Units become vested 100% on the first anniversary of the date of the grant. Deferred Stock Units do not represent actual ownership in shares of the Company’s common stock and the recipient does not have voting rights or other incidents of ownership until the shares are issued. However, Deferred Stock Units do contain the right to receive dividend equivalent payments prior to settlement into shares.
As of April 1, 2023, there was $5,578,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to
non-vested
shares of restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units granted under the Plans. The unrecognized compensation cost related to these
non-vested
shares of restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
Stock Options
All 1,900 stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022 were exercised at an exercise price of $56.40 as of January 31, 2023, following which the Company had no remaining issued and outstanding vested or unvested stock options.
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022 was $218,000 and $369,000, respectively.
As of April 1, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to
non-vested
stock options granted under the Plans.
 
(3)
Income Taxes
The provisions for income taxes for the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods were based on estimated annual effective income tax rates of 24.4% and 24.5%, respectively, adjusted for discrete events, such as benefits resulting from stock-based awards. The estimated annual effective income tax rate was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in
the 2023 period primarily attributable to state taxes and non-deductible meals and entertainment. The estimated annual effective income tax rate was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in the 2022 period
primarily attributable to state taxes and
non-deductible
executive compensation. The effective income tax rate for the 2023 thirteen-week period was 23.3%, which was lower than the estimated annual effective income tax rate of 24.4%, primarily attributable to excess tax benefits realized on stock-based awards. The effective income tax rate for the 2022 thirteen-week period was 22.8%, which was lower than the estimated annual effective income tax rate of 24.5%, primarily attributable to excess tax benefits realized on stock-based awards.
 
(4)
Earnings Per Share
Earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, including outstanding
non-vested
restricted stock and outstanding Deferred Stock Units. Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares and Deferred Stock Units outstanding plus the incremental shares that would have been outstanding upon the assumed exercise of all dilutive stock options. During the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, in reference to the determination of diluted earnings per share, the future compensation cost attributable to outstanding shares of
non-vested
restricted stock exceeded the impact of incremental shares that would have been outstanding upon the assumed exercise of all dilutive stock options.
 
11

For each of the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022, no
 options outstanding to purchase shares of common stock were antidilutive. Outstanding RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for all periods because the performance metric requirements or market condition for vesting had not been satisfied.
 
(5)
Additional Cash Flow Information
During the 2023 thirteen-week period, Landstar paid income taxes and interest of $895,000 and $1,030,000, respectively. During the 2022 thirteen-week period, Landstar paid income taxes and interest of $2,031,000 and $1,029,000, respectively. Landstar did not acquire any operating property by entering into finance leases in either the 2023 or 2022 thirteen-week periods.
 
(6)
Segment Information
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s reportable business segments as of and for the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022 (in thousands):
 
    
Thirteen Weeks Ended
 
    
April 1, 2023
    
March 26, 2022
 
    
Transportation

Logistics
    
Insurance
    
Total
    
Transportation

Logistics
    
Insurance
    
Total
 
External revenue
   $ 1,416,846      $ 18,829      $ 1,435,675      $ 1,951,339      $ 19,260      $ 1,970,599  
Internal revenue
              11,961        11,961                 12,884        12,884  
Investment income
              1,368        1,368                 721        721  
Operating income
     86,162        15,122        101,284        151,946        10,887        162,833  
Expenditures on long-lived assets
     6,233                 6,233        3,609                 3,609  
Goodwill
     41,726                 41,726        40,945                 40,945  
In the thirteen-week periods ended April 1, 2023 and March 26, 2022, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue.
 
(7)
Other Comprehensive Income
The following table presents the components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of related income taxes, as of and for the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023 (in thousands):
 
    
Unrealized
Holding (Losses)
Gains on
Available-for-Sale

Securities
    
Foreign
Currency
Translation
    
Total
 
Balance as of December 31, 2022
   $ (8,449    $ (6,575    $ (15,024
Other comprehensive income
     1,120        1,711        2,831  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance as of April 1, 2023
   $ (7,329    $ (4,864    $ (12,193
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to investment income due to the realization of previously unrealized gains and losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income were not significant for the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023.
 
(8)
Investments
Investments include primarily investment-grade corporate
bonds, U.S. treasury obligations
and asset-backed securities having maturities of up to five years (the “bond portfolio”) and money
market investments. Investments in the bond portfolio are reported as
available-for-sale
and are carried at fair value. Investments maturing less than one year from the balance sheet date are included in short-term investments and investments maturing more than one year from the balance sheet date are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Management performs an analysis of the nature of the unrealized losses on
available-for-sale
investments to determine whether an allowance for credit loss is necessary. Unrealized losses, representing the excess of the purchase price of an investment over its
 
12

fair value as of the end of a period, considered to be a result of credit-related factors, are to be included as a charge in the statement of income, while unrealized losses considered to be a result of
non-credit-related
factors are to be included as a component of shareholders’ equity. Investments whose values are based on quoted market prices in active markets are classified within Level 1. Investments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but are
valued based on quoted market prices, are classified within Level 2. As Level 2 investments include positions that are not traded in active markets, valuations may be adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or
non-transferability,
which are generally based on available market information. Any transfers between levels are recognized as of the beginning of any reporting period. Fair value of the bond portfolio was determined using Level 1 inputs related to U.S. Treasury obligations and money market investments and Level 2 inputs related to investment-grade corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and direct obligations of government agencies. Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains, on the investments in the bond portfolio were $9,337,000 and $10,763,000 at April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair values of
available-for-sale
investments are as follows at April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

 
  
Amortized

Cost
 
  
Gross

Unrealized

Gains
 
  
Gross

Unrealized

Losses
 
  
Fair

Value
 
April 1, 2023
  
  
  
  
Money market investments
   $ 272      $         $         $ 272  
Asset-backed securities
     18,298                  2,656        15,642  
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies
     125,819        6        6,633        119,192  
U.S. Treasury obligations
     15,891        25        79        15,837  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   $ 160,280      $ 31      $ 9,368      $ 150,943  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
December 31, 2022
                                   
Money market investments
   $ 21,910      $         $      $ 21,910  
Asset-backed securities
     18,905               2,889        16,016  
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies
     126,134        1        7,775        118,360  
U.S. Treasury obligations
     2,344                  100        2,244  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   $ 169,293      $ 1      $ 10,764      $ 158,530  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
For those
available-for-sale
investments with unrealized losses at April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the following table summarizes the duration of the unrealized loss (in thousands):
 
    
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or longer
    
Total
 
    
Fair

Value
    
Unrealized

Loss
    
Fair

Value
    
Unrealized

Loss
    
Fair

Value
    
Unrealized

Loss
 
April 1, 2023
                                                     
Asset-backed securities
   $         $         $ 15,642      $ 2,656      $ 15,642      $ 2,656  
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies
     24,046        62        93,621        6,571        117,667        6,633  
U.S. Treasury obligations
                         2,266        79        2,266        79  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   $ 24,046      $ 62      $ 111,529      $ 9,306      $ 135,575      $ 9,368  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
December 31, 2022
                                                     
Asset-backed securities
   $         $         $ 16,016      $ 2,889      $ 16,016      $ 2,889  
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies
     54,031        1,516        62,390        6,259        116,421        7,775  
U.S. Treasury obligations
     2,244        100                            2,244        100  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   $ 56,275      $ 1,616      $ 78,406      $ 9,148      $ 134,681      $ 10,764  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 

13

Table of Contents
The Company believes unrealized losses on investments were primarily caused by rising interest rates rather than changes in credit quality. The Company expects to recover, through collection of all of the contractual cash flows of each security, the amortized cost basis of these securities as it does not intend to sell, and does not anticipate being required to sell, these securities before recovery of the cost basis. For these reasons, no losses have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
(9) Leases
Landstar’s noncancelable
leases are primarily comprised of finance leases for the acquisition of new trailing equipment. Each finance lease for the acquisition of trailing equipment is a five year lease with a $1 purchase option for the applicable equipment at lease expiration. Substantially all of Landstar’s operating lease
right-of-use
assets and operating lease liabilities represent leases for facilities maintained in support of the Company’s network of BCO Independent Contractors and office space used to conduct Landstar’s business. These leases do not have significant rent escalation holidays, concessions, leasehold improvement incentives or other
build-out
clauses. Further, the leases do not contain contingent rent provisions. Landstar also rents certain trailing equipment to supplement the Company-owned trailer fleet under
“month-to-month”
lease terms, which are not required to be recorded on the balance sheet due to the less than twelve month lease term exemption. Sublease income is primarily comprised of weekly trailing equipment rentals to BCO Independent Contractors.
Most of Landstar’s operating leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at Landstar’s sole discretion, and, as such, the majority of renewals to extend the lease terms are not included in the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as they are not reasonably certain of exercise. Landstar regularly evaluates the renewal options, and when they are reasonably certain of exercise, Landstar includes the renewal period in the lease term.
As most of Landstar’s operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, Landstar utilized its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Landstar has a centrally managed treasury function; therefore, based on the applicable lease terms and the current economic environment, the Company applies a portfolio approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate.
The components of lease cost for finance leases and operating leases for the thirteen weeks ended April 1, 2023 were (in thousands):
 
Finance leases:
        
Amortization of
right-of-use
assets
   $ 5,237  
Interest on lease liability
     773  
    
 
 
 
Total finance lease cost
     6,010  
Operating leases:
        
Lease cost
     872  
Variable lease cost
         
Sublease income
     (1,317
    
 
 
 
Total net operating lease income
     (445
    
 
 
 
Total net lease cost
   $ 5,565  
    
 
 
 
 
14

Table of Contents
A summary of the lease classification on our consolidated balance sheet as of April 1, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):
Assets:
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
   Other assets    $ 1,889  
Finance lease assets
   Operating property, less accumulated depreciation and amortization      131,833  
         
 
 
 
Total lease assets
        $ 133,722  
         
 
 
 
Liabilities:
The
following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the finance and operating leases to the finance and operating lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet at April 1, 2023 (in thousands):
 

    
Finance

Leases
    
Operating

Leases
 
2023 Remainder
   $ 28,659      $ 624  
2024
     28,864        709  
2025
     22,672        438  
2026
     14,534        126  
2027
     4,115        126  
Thereafter
               49  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total future minimum lease payments
     98,844        2,072  
Less amount representing interest (1.6% to 6.0%)
     4,852        183  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Present value of minimum lease payments
   $ 93,992      $ 1,889  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
     
Current maturities of long-term debt
     33,801     
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
     60,191     
Other current liabilities
        794  
Deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities
        1,095  
The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for finance and operating leases as of April 1, 2023 were:
 

 
  
Finance Leases
 
 
Operating Leases
 
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
     3.2       3.1  
Weighted average discount rate
     3.0     6.0
 
(10)
Debt
Other
than the finance lease obligations as presented on the consolidated balance sheets, the Company had no outstanding debt as of April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
On
July 
1
, 2022, Landstar entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement
 
with a bank syndicate led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which matures July 1, 2027, provides for borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility of $300,000,000, $45,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letters of credit. The Credit Agreement also includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase of up to an aggregate amount of borrowing capacity of $600,000,000. As of April 1, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
The revolving credit loans under the Credit Agreement, at the option of Landstar, bear interest at (i) a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate plus 0.10% and an applicable margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%, or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, in each case with the applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, at the end of the most recent applicable fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. The revolving credit facility bears a commitment fee, payable quarterly in arrears, of 0.20% to 0.30%, based on the Company’s Leverage Ratio at the end of the most recent applicable fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered.
 
15

Table of Contents
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that limit, among other things, the incurrence of additional indebtedness. The Company is required to, among other things, maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as described in the Credit Agreement, and maintain a Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, below a specified maximum. The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock to the extent there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement under certain circumstances limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter. The Credit Agreement provides for an event of default in the event that, among other things, a person or group acquires 35% or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Company or obtains power to elect a majority of the Company’s directors or the directors cease to consist of a majority of Continuing Directors, as defined in the Credit Agreement. None of these covenants are presently considered by management to be materially restrictive to the Company’s operations, capital resources or liquidity. The Company is currently in compliance with all of the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement.
The interest rates on borrowings under the revolving credit facility are typically tied to short-term interest rates and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Interest rates on borrowings under finance leases approximate the interest rates that would currently be available to the Company under similar terms and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value.
 
(11)
Commitments and Contingencies
Short-term investments include $47,168,000 in current maturities of investments held by the Company’s insurance segment at April 1, 2023. The
non-current
portion of the bond portfolio of $103,775,000 is included in other assets. The short-term investments, together with $37,906,000 of
non-current
investments, provide collateral for the $76,567,000 of letters of credit issued to guarantee payment of insurance claims. As of April 1, 2023, Landstar also had $33,492,000 of additional letters of credit outstanding under the Company’s Credit Agreement.
The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising from the normal conduct of business. Many of these claims are covered in whole or in part by insurance. Based on knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, opinions of outside counsel, management believes that adequate provisions have been made for probable losses with respect to the resolution of all such claims and pending litigation and that the ultimate outcome, after provisions therefor, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, but could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or
year.
 
 
16


Table of Contents

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein, and with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The following is a “safe harbor” statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements contained in this document that are not based on historical facts are “forward-looking statements.” This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements, such as statements which relate to Landstar’s business objectives, plans, strategies and expectations. Terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “intention,” “expects,” “plans,” “predicts,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “will,” the negative thereof and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are by nature subject to uncertainties and risks, including but not limited to: the impact of the Russian conflict with Ukraine on the operations of certain independent commission sales agents, including the Company’s largest such agent by revenue in the 2022 fiscal year; the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; an increase in the frequency or severity of accidents or other claims; unfavorable development of existing accident claims; dependence on third party insurance companies; dependence on independent commission sales agents; dependence on third party capacity providers; decreased demand for transportation services; U.S. trade relationships; substantial industry competition; disruptions or failures in the Company’s computer systems; cyber and other information security incidents; dependence on key vendors; potential changes in taxes; status of independent contractors; regulatory and legislative changes; regulations focused on diesel emissions and other air quality matters; intellectual property; and other operational, financial or legal risks or uncertainties detailed in Landstar’s Form 10-K for the 2022 fiscal year, described in Item 1A “Risk Factors”, in this report or in Landstar’s other Securities and Exchange Commission filings from time to time. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results or events to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated. Investors should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

Introduction

Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary, Landstar System Holdings, Inc. (collectively referred to herein with their subsidiaries and other affiliated companies as “Landstar” or the “Company”), is a worldwide technology-enabled, asset-light provider of integrated transportation management solutions delivering safe, specialized transportation services to a broad range of customers utilizing a network of agents, third party capacity providers and employees. The Company offers services to its customers across multiple transportation modes, with the ability to arrange for individual shipments of freight to comprehensive third party logistics solutions to meet all of a customer’s transportation needs. Landstar provides services principally throughout the United States and to a lesser extent in Canada and Mexico, and between the United States and Canada, Mexico and other countries around the world. The Company’s services emphasize safety, information coordination and customer service and are delivered through a network of over 1,100 independent commission sales agents and over 102,000 third party capacity providers, primarily truck capacity providers, linked together by a series of digital technologies which are provided and coordinated by the Company. The nature of the Company’s business is such that a significant portion of its operating costs varies directly with revenue.

 

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Landstar markets its integrated transportation management solutions primarily through independent commission sales agents and exclusively utilizes third party capacity providers to transport customers’ freight. Landstar’s independent commission sales agents enter into contractual arrangements with the Company and are responsible for locating freight, making that freight available to Landstar’s capacity providers and coordinating the transportation of the freight with customers and capacity providers. The Company’s third party capacity providers consist of independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”), unrelated trucking companies who provide truck capacity to the Company under non-exclusive contractual arrangements (the “Truck Brokerage Carriers”), air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and railroads. Through this network of agents and capacity providers linked together by Landstar’s ecosystem of digital technologies, Landstar operates an integrated transportation management solutions business primarily throughout North America with revenue of $7.4 billion during the most recently completed fiscal year. The Company reports the results of two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment.

The transportation logistics segment provides a wide range of integrated transportation management solutions. Transportation services are provided by Landstar’s “Operating Subsidiaries”: Landstar Ranger, Inc., Landstar Inway, Inc., Landstar Ligon, Inc., Landstar Gemini, Inc., Landstar Transportation Logistics, Inc., Landstar Global Logistics, Inc., Landstar Express America, Inc., Landstar Canada, Inc., Landstar Metro, S.A.P.I. de C.V., and as further described below, Landstar Blue, LLC. Transportation services offered by the Company include truckload, less-than-truckload transportation and other truck transportation, rail intermodal, air cargo, ocean cargo, expedited ground and air delivery of time-critical freight, heavy-haul/specialized, U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico cross-border, intra-Mexico, intra-Canada, project cargo and customs brokerage. Examples of the industries serviced by the transportation logistics segment include automotive parts and assemblies, consumer durables, building products, metals, chemicals, foodstuffs, heavy machinery, retail, electronics and military equipment. In addition, the transportation logistics segment provides transportation services to other transportation companies, including third party logistics and less-than-truckload service providers. The independent commission sales agents market services provided by the transportation logistics segment. Billings for freight transportation services are typically charged to customers on a per shipment basis for the physical transportation of freight and are referred to as transportation revenue. During the thirteen weeks ended April 1, 2023, revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors, Truck Brokerage Carriers and railroads represented approximately 36%, 56% and 2%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated revenue. Collectively, revenue generated by air and ocean cargo carriers represented approximately 4% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023.

On May 6, 2020, the Company formed a new subsidiary that was subsequently renamed Landstar Blue, LLC (“Landstar Blue”). Landstar Blue arranges truckload brokerage services with a focus on the contract services market. Landstar Blue also helps the Company to develop and test digital technologies and processes for the benefit of all Landstar independent commission sales agents. On June 15, 2020, Landstar Blue completed the acquisition of an independent agent of the Company whose business focused on truckload brokerage services. The results of operations from Landstar Blue are presented as part of the Company’s transportation logistics segment. Revenue from Landstar Blue represented approximately 1% of the Company’s transportation logistics segment revenue in the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023.

 

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The insurance segment is comprised of Signature Insurance Company (“Signature”), a wholly owned offshore insurance subsidiary, and Risk Management Claim Services, Inc. The insurance segment provides risk and claims management services to certain of Landstar’s operating subsidiaries. In addition, it reinsures certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors and provides certain property and casualty insurance directly to certain of Landstar’s operating subsidiaries. Revenue at the insurance segment represents reinsurance premiums from third party insurance companies that provide insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors where all or a portion of the risk is ultimately borne by Signature. Revenue at the insurance segment represented approximately 1% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023.

Changes in Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management believes the Company’s success principally depends on its ability to generate freight revenue through its network of independent commission sales agents and to deliver freight safely and efficiently utilizing third party capacity providers. Management believes the most significant factors to the Company’s success include increasing revenue, sourcing capacity, empowering its network through technology-based tools and controlling costs, including insurance and claims.

Revenue

While customer demand, which is subject to overall economic conditions, ultimately drives increases or decreases in revenue, the Company primarily relies on its independent commission sales agents to establish customer relationships and generate revenue opportunities. Management’s emphasis with respect to revenue growth is on revenue generated by independent commission sales agents who on an annual basis generate $1 million or more of Landstar revenue (“Million Dollar Agents”). Management believes future revenue growth is primarily dependent on its ability to increase both the revenue generated by Million Dollar Agents and the number of Million Dollar Agents through a combination of recruiting new agents, increasing the revenue opportunities generated by existing independent commission sales agents and providing its independent commission sales agents with digital technologies they may use to grow revenue and increase efficiencies at their businesses. During the 2022 fiscal year, 625 independent commission sales agents generated $1 million or more of Landstar revenue and thus qualified as Million Dollar Agents. During the 2022 fiscal year, the average revenue generated by a Million Dollar Agent was $11,499,000 and revenue generated by Million Dollar Agents in the aggregate represented 97% of consolidated revenue.

 

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Management monitors business activity by tracking the number of loads (volume) and revenue per load by mode of transportation. Revenue per load can be influenced by many factors other than a change in price. Those factors include the average length of haul, freight type, special handling and equipment requirements, fuel costs and delivery time requirements. For shipments involving two or more modes of transportation, revenue is generally classified by the mode of transportation having the highest cost for the load. The following table summarizes this information by trailer type for truck transportation and by mode for all others:

 

     Thirteen Weeks Ended  
     April 1,
2023
    March 26,
2022
 

Revenue generated through (in thousands):

    

Truck transportation

    

Truckload:

    

Van equipment

   $ 755,083     $ 1,081,206  

Unsided/platform equipment

     377,564       408,757  

Less-than-truckload

     31,558       33,720  

Other truck transportation (1)

     159,503       227,601  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total truck transportation

     1,323,708       1,751,284  

Rail intermodal

     25,657       42,688  

Ocean and air cargo carriers

     61,093       152,057  

Other (2)

     25,217       24,570  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 1,435,675     $ 1,970,599  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Revenue on loads hauled via BCO Independent Contractors included in total truck transportation

   $ 519,526     $ 727,574  

Number of loads:

    

Truck transportation

    

Truckload:

    

Van equipment

     331,954       376,268  

Unsided/platform equipment

     127,572       131,829  

Less-than-truckload

     46,192       47,843  

Other truck transportation (1)

     58,062       85,930  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total truck transportation

     563,780       641,870  

Rail intermodal

     7,760       12,630  

Ocean and air cargo carriers

     8,440       11,560  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     579,980       666,060  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loads hauled via BCO Independent Contractors included in total truck transportation

     232,550       262,240  

Revenue per load:

    

Truck transportation

    

Truckload:

    

Van equipment

   $ 2,275     $ 2,873  

Unsided/platform equipment

     2,960       3,101  

Less-than-truckload

     683       705  

Other truck transportation (1)

     2,747       2,649  

Total truck transportation

     2,348       2,728  

Rail intermodal

     3,306       3,380  

Ocean and air cargo carriers

     7,239       13,154  

Revenue per load on loads hauled via BCO Independent Contractors

   $ 2,234     $ 2,774  

Revenue by capacity type (as a % of total revenue):

    

Truck capacity providers:

    

BCO Independent Contractors

     36     37

Truck Brokerage Carriers

     56     52

Rail intermodal

     2     2

Ocean and air cargo carriers

     4     8

Other

     2     1

 

(1)

Includes power-only, expedited, straight truck, cargo van, and miscellaneous other truck transportation revenue generated by the transportation logistics segment. Power-only refers to shipments where the Company furnishes a power unit and an operator but not trailing equipment, which is typically provided by the shipper or consignee.

(2)

Includes primarily reinsurance premium revenue generated by the insurance segment and intra-Mexico transportation services revenue generated by Landstar Metro.

 

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Expenses

Purchased transportation

Also critical to the Company’s success is its ability to secure capacity, particularly truck capacity, at rates that allow the Company to profitably transport customers’ freight. The following table summarizes the number of available truck capacity providers on the dates indicated:

 

     April 1, 2023      March 26, 2022  

BCO Independent Contractors

     9,996        11,089  

Truck Brokerage Carriers:

     

Approved and active (1)

     61,771        68,859  

Other approved

     30,893        28,094  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     92,664        96,953  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total available truck capacity providers

     102,660        108,042  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors

     10,809        11,935  

 

(1)

Active refers to Truck Brokerage Carriers who moved at least one load in the 180 days immediately preceding the fiscal quarter end.

Purchased transportation represents the amount a BCO Independent Contractor or other third party capacity provider is paid to haul freight. The amount of purchased transportation paid to a BCO Independent Contractor is primarily based on a contractually agreed-upon percentage of revenue generated by loads hauled by the BCO Independent Contractor. Purchased transportation paid to a Truck Brokerage Carrier is based on either a negotiated rate for each load hauled or, to a lesser extent, a contractually agreed-upon fixed rate per load. Purchased transportation paid to railroads and ocean cargo carriers is based on either a negotiated rate for each load hauled or a contractually agreed-upon fixed rate per load. Purchased transportation paid to air cargo carriers is generally based on a negotiated rate for each load hauled. Purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue for truck brokerage, rail intermodal and ocean cargo services is normally higher than that of BCO Independent Contractor and air cargo services. Purchased transportation is the largest component of costs and expenses and, on a consolidated basis, increases or decreases as a percentage of consolidated revenue in proportion to changes in the percentage of consolidated revenue generated through BCO Independent Contractors and other third party capacity providers and external revenue from the insurance segment, consisting of reinsurance premiums. Purchased transportation as a percent of revenue also increases or decreases in relation to the availability of truck brokerage capacity and with changes in the price of fuel on revenue generated from shipments hauled by Truck Brokerage Carriers. The Company passes 100% of fuel surcharges billed to customers for freight hauled by BCO Independent Contractors to its BCO Independent Contractors. These fuel surcharges are excluded from revenue and the cost of purchased transportation. Purchased transportation costs are recognized over the freight transit period as the performance obligation to the customer is completed.

Commissions to agents

Commissions to agents are based on contractually agreed-upon percentages of (i) revenue, (ii) revenue less the cost of purchased transportation, or (iii) revenue less a contractually agreed upon percentage of revenue retained by Landstar and the cost of purchased transportation (the “retention contracts”). Commissions to agents as a percentage of consolidated revenue vary directly with fluctuations in the percentage of consolidated revenue generated by the various modes of transportation and reinsurance premiums and, in general, vary inversely with changes in the amount of purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue on services provided by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads, air cargo carriers and ocean cargo carriers. Commissions to agents are recognized over the freight transit period as the performance obligation to the customer is completed.

Other operating costs, net of gains on asset sales/dispositions

Maintenance costs for Company-provided trailing equipment and BCO Independent Contractor recruiting and qualification costs are the largest components of other operating costs. Also included in other operating costs are trailer rental costs, the provision for uncollectible advances and other receivables due from BCO Independent Contractors and independent commission sales agents and gains/losses, if any, on sales of Company-owned trailing equipment.

 

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Insurance and claims

With respect to insurance and claims cost, potential liability associated with accidents in the trucking industry is severe and occurrences are unpredictable.

Landstar retains liability through a self-insured retention for commercial trucking claims up to $5 million per occurrence. Effective May 1, 2019, the Company entered into a three year commercial auto liability insurance arrangement for losses incurred between $5 million and $10 million (the “2019 Initial Excess Policy”) with a third party insurance company. The Company subsequently extended the 2019 Initial Excess Policy for one additional policy year, from May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023. For commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023, the extended 2019 Initial Excess Policy provides for a limit for a single loss of $5 million, with an aggregate limit of $10 million for the policy period ended April 30, 2023. Effective May 1, 2023, the Company entered into a new three year commercial auto liability insurance arrangement for losses incurred between $5 million and $10 million (the “2023 Initial Excess Policy”) with a third party insurance company. For commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2023 through April 30, 2026, the 2023 Initial Excess Policy provides for an aggregate deductible of $18 million over the thirty-six month term ending April 30, 2026. After payment of the deductible, the 2023 Initial Excess Policy provides for a limit for a single loss of $5 million, with an aggregate limit of $15 million for the thirty-six month term ending April 30, 2026.

The Company also maintains third party insurance arrangements providing excess coverage for commercial trucking liabilities in excess of $10 million. These third party arrangements provide coverage on a per occurrence or aggregated basis. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the occurrence of trials in courts throughout the United States involving catastrophic injury and fatality claims against commercial motor carriers that have resulted in verdicts in excess of $10 million. Within the transportation logistics industry, these verdicts are often referred to as “Nuclear Verdicts.” The increase in Nuclear Verdicts has had a significant impact on the cost of commercial auto liability claims throughout the United States. Due to the increasing cost of commercial auto liability claims, the availability of excess coverage has significantly decreased, and the pricing associated with such excess coverage, to the extent available, has significantly increased. Since the annual policy year ended April 30, 2020, as compared to the annual policy year ending April 30, 2024, the Company experienced an increase of approximately $21 million, or over 380%, in the premiums charged by third party insurance companies to the Company for excess coverage for commercial trucking liabilities in excess of $10 million.

Moreover, in recent years the Company has increased the level of its financial exposure to commercial trucking claims in excess of $10 million, including through the use of additional self-insurance, deductibles, aggregate loss limits, quota shares and other arrangements with third party insurance companies, based on the availability of coverage within certain excess insurance coverage layers and estimated cost differentials between proposed premiums from third party insurance companies and historical and actuarially projected losses experienced by the Company at various levels of excess insurance coverage. For example, with respect to a single hypothetical claim in the amount of $60 million incurred during the annual policy year ending April 30, 2024, the Company would have an aggregate financial exposure of approximately $25 million. Furthermore, the Company’s third party insurance arrangements provide excess coverage up to an uppermost coverage layer, in excess of which the Company retains additional financial exposure. No assurances can be given that the availability of excess coverage for commercial trucking claims will not continue to deteriorate, that the pricing associated with such excess coverage, to the extent available, will not continue to increase, nor that insurance coverage from third party insurers for excess coverage of commercial trucking claims will even be available on commercially reasonable terms at certain levels. Moreover, the occurrence of a Nuclear Verdict, or the settlement of a catastrophic injury and/or fatality claim that could have otherwise resulted in a Nuclear Verdict, could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.

Further, the Company retains liability of up to $2,000,000 for each general liability claim, $250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and up to $250,000 for each cargo claim. In addition, under reinsurance arrangements by Signature of certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors, the Company retains liability of up to $500,000, $1,000,000 or $2,000,000 with respect to certain occupational accident claims and up to $750,000 with respect to certain workers’ compensation claims. The Company’s exposure to liability associated with accidents incurred by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads and air and ocean cargo carriers who transport freight on behalf of the Company is reduced by various factors including the extent to which such carriers maintain their own insurance coverage. A material increase in the frequency or severity of accidents, cargo claims or workers’ compensation claims or the material unfavorable development of existing claims could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.

 

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Selling, general and administrative

During the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023, employee compensation and benefits accounted for approximately 62% of the Company’s selling, general and administrative costs. Employee compensation and benefits include wages and employee benefit costs as well as incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense. Incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense is highly variable in nature in comparison to wages and employee benefit costs.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization primarily relate to depreciation of trailing equipment and information technology hardware and software.

Costs of revenue

The Company incurs costs of revenue related to the transportation of freight and, to a much lesser extent, to reinsurance premiums received by Signature. Costs of revenue include variable costs of revenue and other costs of revenue. Variable costs of revenue include purchased transportation and commissions to agents, as these costs are entirely variable on a shipment-by-shipment basis. Other costs of revenue include fixed costs of revenue and semi-variable costs of revenue, where such costs may vary over time based on certain economic factors or operational metrics such as the number of Company-controlled trailers, the number of BCO Independent Contractors, the frequency and severity of insurance claims, the number of miles traveled by BCO Independent Contractors, or the number and/or scale of information technology projects in process or in-service to support revenue generating activities, rather than on a shipment-by-shipment basis. Other costs of revenue associated with the transportation of freight include: (i) other operating costs, primarily consisting of trailer maintenance and BCO Independent Contractor recruiting and qualification costs, as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) transportation-related insurance premiums paid and claim costs incurred, included as a portion of insurance and claims in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) costs incurred related to internally developed software including ASC 350-40 amortization, implementation costs, hosting costs and other support costs utilized to support the Company’s independent commission sales agents, third party capacity providers, and customers, included as a portion of depreciation and amortization and of selling, general and administrative in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income; and (iv) depreciation on Company-owned trailing equipment, included as a portion of depreciation and amortization in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Other costs of revenue associated with reinsurance premiums received by Signature are comprised of broker commissions and other fees paid related to the administration of insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors and are included in selling, general and administrative in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition to costs of revenue, the Company incurs various other costs relating to its business, including most selling, general and administrative costs and portions of costs attributable to insurance and claims and depreciation and amortization. Management continually monitors all components of the costs incurred by the Company and establishes annual cost budgets that, in general, are used to benchmark costs incurred on a monthly basis.

Gross Profit, Variable Contribution, Gross Profit Margin and Variable Contribution Margin

The following table sets forth calculations of gross profit, defined as revenue less costs of revenue, and gross profit margin defined as gross profit divided by revenue, for the periods indicated. The Company refers to revenue less variable costs of revenue as “variable contribution” and variable contribution divided by revenue as “variable contribution margin”. Variable contribution and variable contribution margin are each non-GAAP financial measures. The closest comparable GAAP financial measures to variable contribution and variable contribution margin are, respectively, gross profit and gross profit margin. The Company believes variable contribution and variable contribution margin are useful measures of the variable costs that we incur at a shipment-by-shipment level attributable to our transportation network of third-party capacity providers and independent commission sales agents in order to provide services to our customers. The Company believes variable contribution and variable contribution margin are important performance measurements and management considers variable contribution and variable contribution margin in evaluating the Company’s financial performance and in its decision-making, such as budgeting for infrastructure, trailing equipment and selling, general and administrative costs.

 

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The reconciliations of gross profit to variable contribution and gross profit margin to variable contribution margin are each presented below:

 

     Thirteen Weeks Ended  
     April 1,
2023
    March 26,
2022
 

Revenue

   $ 1,435,675     $ 1,970,599  

Costs of revenue:

    

Purchased transportation

     1,101,294       1,550,330  

Commissions to agents

     125,675       149,778  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Variable costs of revenue

     1,226,969       1,700,108  

Trailing equipment depreciation

     8,369       9,083  

Information technology costs

     6,751       4,046  

Insurance-related costs (1)

     28,260       31,655  

Other operating costs

     12,378       11,141  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other costs of revenue

     55,758       55,925  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs of revenue

     1,282,727       1,756,033  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

   $ 152,948     $ 214,566  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit margin

     10.7     10.9

Plus: other costs of revenue

     55,758       55,925  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Variable contribution

   $ 208,706     $ 270,491  

Variable contribution margin

     14.5     13.7

 

(1)

Insurance-related costs in the table above include (i) other costs of revenue related to the transportation of freight that are included as a portion of insurance and claims in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and (ii) certain other costs of revenue related to reinsurance premiums received by Signature that are included as a portion of selling, general and administrative in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Insurance and claims costs included in other costs of revenue relating to the transportation of freight primarily consist of insurance premiums paid for commercial auto liability, general liability, cargo and other lines of coverage related to the transportation of freight and the related cost of claims incurred under those programs, and, to a lesser extent, the cost of claims incurred under insurance programs available to BCO Independent Contractors that are reinsured by Signature. Other insurance and claims costs included in costs of revenue that are included in selling, general and administrative in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income consist of brokerage commissions and other fees incurred by Signature relating to the administration of insurance programs available to BCO Independent Contractors that are reinsured by Signature.

In general, variable contribution margin on revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors represents a fixed percentage due to the nature of the contracts that pay a fixed percentage of revenue to both the BCO Independent Contractors and independent commission sales agents. For revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers, variable contribution margin may be either a fixed or variable percentage, depending on the contract with each individual independent commission sales agent. Variable contribution margin on revenue generated from shipments hauled by railroads, air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and Truck Brokerage Carriers, other than those under retention contracts, is variable in nature, as the Company’s contracts with independent commission sales agents provide commissions to agents at a contractually agreed upon percentage of the amount represented by revenue less purchased transportation for these types of shipments. Approximately 41% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023 was generated under transactions that pay a fixed percentage of revenue to the third party capacity provider and/or agents while 59% was generated under transactions that pay a variable percentage of revenue to the third party capacity provider and/or agents.

Operating income as a percentage of gross profit and operating income as a percentage of variable contribution

The following table presents operating income as a percentage of gross profit and operating income as a percentage of variable contribution. The Company’s operating income as a percentage of variable contribution is a non-GAAP financial measure calculated as operating income divided by variable contribution. The Company believes that operating income as a percentage of variable contribution is useful and meaningful to investors for the following principal reasons: (i) the variable costs of revenue for a significant portion of the business are highly influenced by short-term market-based trends in the freight transportation industry, whereas other costs, including other costs of revenue, are much less impacted by short-term freight market trends; (ii) disclosure of this measure allows investors to better

 

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understand the underlying trends in the Company’s results of operations; (iii) this measure is meaningful to investors’ evaluations of the Company’s management of costs attributable to operations other than the purely variable costs associated with purchased transportation and commissions to agents that the Company incurs to provide services to our customers; and (iv) management considers this financial information in its decision-making, such as budgeting for infrastructure, trailing equipment and selling, general and administrative costs.

 

     Thirteen Weeks Ended  
     April 1,
2023
    March 26,
2022
 

Gross profit

   $ 152,948     $ 214,566  

Operating income

   $ 101,284     $ 162,833  

Operating income as % of gross profit

     66.2     75.9

Variable contribution

   $ 208,706     $ 270,491  

Operating income

   $ 101,284     $ 162,833  

Operating income as % of variable contribution

     48.5     60.2

The decrease in operating income as a percentage of gross profit from the 2022 thirteen-week period to the 2023 thirteen-week period primarily resulted from the effect of decreased gross profit on the Company’s fixed cost infrastructure, primarily certain components of selling, general and administrative costs.

The decrease in operating income as a percentage of variable contribution from the 2022 thirteen-week period to the 2023 thirteen-week period primarily resulted from (1) the effect of decreased variable contribution on the Company’s fixed cost infrastructure, primarily certain components of selling, general and administrative costs and (2) the impact of increased other operating costs and depreciation and amortization during the 2023 thirteen-week period.

Also, as previously mentioned, the Company reports two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment. External revenue at the insurance segment, representing reinsurance premiums, has historically been relatively consistent on an annual basis at 2% or less of consolidated revenue and generally corresponds directly with the number of trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors. The discussion of cost line items in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations considers the Company’s costs on a consolidated basis rather than on a segment basis. Management believes this presentation format is the most appropriate to assist users of the financial statements in understanding the Company’s business for the following reasons: (1) the insurance segment has no other operating costs; (2) discussion of insurance and claims at either segment without reference to the other may create confusion amongst investors and potential investors due to intercompany arrangements and specific deductible programs that affect comparability of financial results by segment between various fiscal periods but that have no effect on the Company from a consolidated reporting perspective; (3) selling, general and administrative costs of the insurance segment comprise less than 10% of consolidated selling, general and administrative costs and have historically been relatively consistent on a year-over-year basis; and (4) the insurance segment has no depreciation and amortization.

THIRTEEN WEEKS ENDED APRIL 1, 2023 COMPARED TO THIRTEEN WEEKS ENDED MARCH 26, 2022

Revenue for the 2023 thirteen-week period was $1,435,675,000, a decrease of $534,924,000, or 27%, compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. Transportation revenue decreased $534,493,000, or 27%. The decrease in transportation revenue was attributable to decreased revenue per load of approximately 17% and a decreased number of loads hauled of approximately 13% compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. Reinsurance premiums were $18,829,000 and $19,260,000 for the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, respectively. The decrease in revenue from reinsurance premiums was primarily attributable to a decrease in the average number of trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period, partially offset by an increase in the aggregate value of equipment insured by BCO Independent Contractors under a physical damage program reinsured by Signature in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period.

 

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Truck transportation revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors and Truck Brokerage Carriers (together, the “third party truck capacity providers”) for the 2023 thirteen-week period was $1,323,708,000, representing 92% of total revenue, a decrease of $427,576,000, or 24%, compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. Revenue per load on loads hauled by third party truck capacity providers decreased approximately 14% compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period, and the number of loads hauled by third party truck capacity providers decreased approximately 12% in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period.

The decrease in revenue per load on loads hauled via truck was primarily due to pricing pressure throughout the 2023 thirteen-week period as industry-wide truck capacity was significantly more readily available as compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period, during which pandemic-related supply chain disruption was at a high point. Revenue per load on loads hauled via van equipment decreased 21%, on loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment decreased 5% and on less-than-truckload loadings decreased 3%, while revenue per load on loads hauled by other truck transportation services increased 4% as compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period.

The decrease in the number of loads hauled via truck compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period was primarily due to a decrease in demand from the near-record high levels experienced in the 2022 thirteen-week period for the Company’s van services and power-only services included in other truck transportation services, which tend to be more correlated with U.S. consumer demand. Loads hauled via other truck transportation services decreased 32%, loads hauled via van equipment decreased 12%, loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment decreased 3% and less-than-truckload loadings decreased 3% as compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period.

Fuel surcharges billed to customers on revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors are excluded from revenue. Fuel surcharges on Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue identified separately in billings to customers and included as a component of Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue were $42,935,000 and $37,485,000 in the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, respectively. It should be noted that billings to many customers of the Company’s truck brokerage services include a single all-in rate that do not separately identify fuel surcharges on loads hauled via Truck Brokerage Carriers. Accordingly, the overall impact of changes in fuel prices on revenue and revenue per load on loads hauled via truck is likely to be greater than that indicated.

Transportation revenue generated by rail intermodal, air cargo and ocean cargo carriers (collectively, the “multimode capacity providers”) for the 2023 thirteen-week period was $86,750,000, or 6% of total revenue, a decrease of $107,995,000, or 55%, compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. Revenue per load on revenue generated by multimode capacity providers decreased approximately 33% in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period, and the number of loads hauled by multimode capacity providers also decreased approximately 33% over the same period. Revenue per load on loads hauled via ocean, air and rail intermodal decreased 48%, 13% and 2%, respectively, during the 2023 thirteen-week period as compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. The decrease in revenue per load on loads hauled by ocean cargo carriers was primarily related to the impact of global supply chain disruptions during the 2022 thirteen-week period, which were particularly acute with respect to international ocean freight. Revenue per load on revenue generated by multimode capacity providers is influenced by many factors, including revenue mix among the various modes of transportation used, length of haul, complexity of freight, density of freight lanes, fuel costs and availability of capacity. The decrease in the number of loads hauled by multimode capacity providers was due to a 39% decrease in rail loadings, a 32% decrease in ocean loadings and a 9% decrease in air loadings. The 39% decrease in rail loadings was broad-based across several agencies and customers, the 32% decrease in ocean loadings was due to a broad-based decrease in demand across many customers for the Company’s ocean services and the 9% decrease in air loadings was entirely attributable to decreased loadings at one specific customer.

Purchased transportation was 76.7% and 78.7% of revenue in the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, respectively. The decrease in purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to (i) a decreased rate of purchased transportation on revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers and (ii) a decreased percentage of revenue generated by multimode capacity providers, which typically has a higher rate of purchased transportation than third party truck capacity providers, partially offset by an increased percentage of revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers, which typically has a higher rate of purchased transportation than revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors. Commissions to agents were 8.8% and 7.6% of revenue in the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, respectively. The increase in commissions to agents as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to a decreased cost of purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue on revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers.

Investment income was $1,368,000 and $721,000 in the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, respectively. The increase in investment income was primarily attributable to higher average rates of return on investments in the 2023 thirteen-week period, partially offset by a lower average investment balance held by the insurance segment during the 2023 thirteen-week period.

Other operating costs increased $1,237,000 in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. The increase in other operating costs compared to the prior year was primarily due to (i) increased trailing equipment maintenance costs as a result of (x) increased labor and parts costs charged by the Company’s network of third party trailer maintenance facilities; and (y) an increased average trailer fleet size during the 2023 thirteen-week period and (ii) an increased provision for contractor bad debt, partially offset by increased gains on sales of operating property.

 

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Insurance and claims decreased $3,121,000 in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. The decrease in insurance and claims expense compared to the prior year was primarily due to decreased net unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in the 2023 thirteen-week period and decreased severity of current year trucking claims during the 2023 thirteen-week period, partially offset by increased insurance premiums, primarily for commercial auto and excess liability coverage. During the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, insurance and claims costs included $1,855,000 and $4,273,000 of net unfavorable adjustments to prior years’ claims estimates, respectively.

Selling, general and administrative costs increased $854,000 in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. The increase in selling, general and administrative costs compared to prior year was primarily attributable to increased information technology costs and increased wages, almost entirely offset by a decreased provision for incentive compensation and decreased employee benefit costs, primarily attributable to decreased medical and pharmacy costs under the self-insured portion of the Company’s medical plan. Included in selling, general and administrative costs was incentive compensation expense of $1,421,000 and $5,199,000 for the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization increased $1,441,000 in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to the 2022 thirteen-week period. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily due to increased depreciation on new and updated digital tools deployed for use by the Company’s network of agents, capacity providers and employees, partially offset by decreased trailing equipment depreciation.

The quarter-over-prior-year-quarter change in interest and debt (income) expense was $1,849,000, with net interest income of $726,000 in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared to net interest and debt expense of $1,123,000 in the 2022 thirteen-week period. The increase in interest and debt (income) expense was primarily attributable to increased interest income earned on cash balances held by the transportation logistics segment and decreased average borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility, as the Company had no borrowings during the 2023 period, partially offset by increased interest expense related to finance lease obligations.

The provisions for income taxes for the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods were based on estimated annual effective income tax rates of 24.4% and 24.5%, respectively, adjusted for discrete events, such as benefits resulting from stock-based awards. The estimated annual effective income tax rate was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in the 2023 period primarily attributable to state taxes and non-deductible meals and entertainment. The estimated annual effective income tax rate was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in the 2022 period primarily attributable to state taxes and non-deductible executive compensation. The effective income tax rate for the 2023 thirteen-week period was 23.3%, which was lower than the estimated annual effective income tax rate of 24.4%, primarily attributable to excess tax benefits realized on stock-based awards. The effective income tax rate for the 2022 thirteen-week period was 22.8%, which was lower than the estimated annual effective income tax rate of 24.5%, primarily attributable to excess tax benefits realized on stock-based awards.

Net income was $78,195,000, or $2.17 per diluted share, in the 2023 thirteen-week period. Net income was $124,839,000, or $3.34 per diluted share, in the 2022 thirteen-week period.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Working capital and the ratio of current assets to current liabilities were $612,548,000 and 1.8 to 1, respectively, at April 1, 2023, compared with $561,255,000 and 1.6 to 1, respectively, at December 31, 2022. Landstar has historically operated with current ratios within the range of 1.5 to 1 to 2.0 to 1. Cash provided by operating activities was $139,035,000 in the 2023 thirteen-week period compared with $94,965,000 in the 2022 thirteen-week period. The increase in cash flow provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to the timing of collections of trade receivables, partially offset by decreased net income.

The Company declared and paid $0.30 per share, or $10,806,000 in the aggregate, in cash dividends during the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023 and, during such period, also paid $71,854,000 of dividends payable which were declared in December 2022 and included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. The Company declared and paid $0.25 per share, or $9,324,000 in the aggregate, in cash dividends during the thirteen-week period ended March 26, 2022 and, during such period, also paid $75,387,000 of dividends payable which were declared in December 2021 and included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 25, 2021. During the thirteen-week period ended April 1, 2023, the Company purchased 89,661 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $15,433,000. During the thirteen-week period ended March 26, 2022, the Company purchased 693,550 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $109,332,000. As of April 1, 2023, the Company may purchase in the aggregate up to 2,910,339 shares of its common stock under its authorized stock purchase programs. Long-term debt, including current maturities, was $93,992,000 at April 1, 2023, $9,408,000 lower than at December 31, 2022.

 

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Shareholders’ equity was $935,652,000, or 91% of total capitalization (defined as long-term debt including current maturities plus equity), at April 1, 2023, compared to $887,221,000, or 90% of total capitalization, at December 31, 2022. The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily the result of net income, partially offset by purchases of shares of the Company’s common stock and dividends declared by the Company in the 2023 thirteen-week period.

On July 1, 2022, Landstar entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement with a bank syndicate led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which matures July 1, 2027, provides for borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility of $300,000,000, $45,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letters of credit. The Credit Agreement also includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase of up to an aggregate amount of borrowing capacity of $600,000,000.

The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that limit, among other things, the incurrence of additional indebtedness. The Company is required to, among other things, maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as described in the Credit Agreement, and maintain a Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, below a specified maximum. The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock to the extent there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement under certain circumstances limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter. The Credit Agreement provides for an event of default in the event that, among other things, a person or group acquires 35% or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Company or obtains power to elect a majority of the Company’s directors or the directors cease to consist of a majority of Continuing Directors, as defined in the Credit Agreement. None of these covenants are presently considered by management to be materially restrictive to the Company’s operations, capital resources or liquidity. The Company is currently in compliance with all of the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement.

At April 1, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding and $33,492,000 of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Agreement. At April 1, 2023, there was $266,508,000 available for future borrowings under the Credit Agreement and access to an additional $300,000,000 under the Credit Agreement’s “accordion” feature. In addition, the Company has $76,567,000 in letters of credit outstanding as collateral for insurance claims that are secured by investments totaling $85,074,000 at April 1, 2023. Investments, all of which are carried at fair value, include primarily investment-grade bonds, U.S. Treasury obligations and asset-backed securities having maturities of up to five years. Fair value of investments is based primarily on quoted market prices. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included herein for further discussion on measurement of fair value of investments.

Historically, the Company has generated sufficient operating cash flow to meet its debt service requirements, fund continued growth, both organic and through acquisitions, complete or execute share purchases of its common stock under authorized share purchase programs, pay dividends and meet working capital needs. As an asset-light provider of integrated transportation management solutions, the Company’s annual capital requirements for operating property are generally for trailing equipment and information technology hardware and software. In addition, a significant portion of the trailing equipment available to the Company is provided by third party capacity providers, thereby reducing the Company’s capital requirements. During the 2023 thirteen-week period, the Company purchased $6,233,000 of operating property. Landstar anticipates acquiring either by purchase or lease financing during the remainder of fiscal year 2023 approximately $51,000,000 in operating property, consisting primarily of new trailing equipment to replace older trailing equipment and information technology equipment.

Management believes that cash flow from operations combined with the Company’s borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement will be adequate to meet Landstar’s debt service requirements, fund continued growth, both internal and through acquisitions, pay dividends, complete the authorized share purchase programs and meet working capital needs.

LEGAL MATTERS

The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising from the normal conduct of business. Many of these claims are covered in whole or in part by insurance. Based on knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, opinions of outside counsel, management believes that adequate provisions have been made for probable losses with respect to the resolution of all such claims and pending litigation and that the ultimate outcome, after provisions therefor, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, but could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or year.

 

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Landstar provides for the estimated costs of self-insured claims primarily on an actuarial basis. The amount recorded for the estimated liability for claims incurred is based upon the facts and circumstances known on the applicable balance sheet date. The ultimate resolution of these claims may be for an amount greater or less than the amount estimated by management. The Company continually revises its existing claim estimates as new or revised information becomes available on the status of each claim. Historically, the Company has experienced both favorable and unfavorable development of prior years’ claims estimates within its various programs. During the 2023 and 2022 thirteen-week periods, insurance and claims costs included $1,855,000 and $4,273,000 of net unfavorable adjustments to prior years’ claims estimates, respectively. It is reasonably likely that the ultimate outcome of settling all outstanding claims will be more or less than the estimated claims liability at April 1, 2023, primarily due to the inherent difficulty in estimating the severity of commercial trucking claims and the potential judgment or settlement amount that may be incurred in connection with the resolution of such claims.

Significant variances from management’s estimates for the ultimate resolution of self-insured claims could be expected to positively or negatively affect Landstar’s earnings in a given quarter or year. However, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these items, given a range of reasonably likely outcomes, will not significantly affect the long-term financial condition of Landstar or its ability to fund its continuing operations.

SEASONALITY

Landstar’s operations are subject to seasonal trends common to the trucking industry. Historically, truckload shipments for the quarter ending in March are typically lower than for the quarters ending June, September and December. The COVID-19 global pandemic and related supply chain issues significantly disrupted these typical seasonal patterns. In particular, the Company’s 2022 fiscal year results did not reflect normal seasonal patterns. No assurances can be given regarding the extent to which or when trends common to the trucking industry and Landstar’s operations, in particular, will return to more typical, pre-pandemic, seasonal patterns.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of its financing activities, primarily its borrowings on its revolving credit facility, if any, and investing activities with respect to investments held by the insurance segment.

On July 1, 2022, Landstar entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a bank syndicate led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The Credit Agreement, which matures July 1, 2027, provides for borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility of $300,000,000, $45,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letters of credit. The Credit Agreement also includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase of up to an aggregate amount of borrowing capacity of $600,000,000.

The revolving credit loans under the Credit Agreement as of April 1, 2023, at the option of Landstar, bear interest at (i) a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate plus 0.10% and an applicable margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%, or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, in each case with the applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, at the end of the most recent applicable fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. The revolving credit facility bears a commitment fee, payable in arrears, of 0.20% to 0.30%, based on the Company’s Leverage Ratio at the end of the most recent applicable fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. During the entire first quarter of 2023 and as of April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement.

Long-term investments, all of which are available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, include primarily investment-grade bonds and asset-backed securities having maturities of up to five years. Assuming that the long-term portion of investments remains at $103,775,000, the balance at April 1, 2023, a hypothetical increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would not have a material impact on future earnings on an annualized basis. Short-term investments consist of short-term investment-grade instruments and the current maturities of investment-grade corporate bonds and asset-backed securities. Accordingly, any future interest rate risk on these short-term investments would not be material to the Company’s operating results.

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian and Mexican operations are translated from their functional currency to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Transactional gains and losses arising from receivable and payable balances, including intercompany balances, in the normal course of

 

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business that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the operation are recorded in the statements of income when they occur. The assets held at the Company’s Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries at April 1, 2023 were collectively, as translated to U.S. dollars, less than 3% of total consolidated assets. Accordingly, translation gains or losses of 40% or less related to the Canadian and Mexican operations would not be material.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of April 1, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2023, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, Company management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitation in any control system, no evaluation or implementation of a control system can provide complete assurance that all control issues and all possible instances of fraud have been or will be detected.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Legal Matters

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion identifying risk factors and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated, see the discussions under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the Risk Factors described in Part I “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC.

Increased severity or frequency of accidents and other claims or a material unfavorable development of existing claims. As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Self-Insured Claims,” potential liability associated with accidents in the trucking industry is severe and occurrences are unpredictable. Landstar retains liability through a self-insured retention for commercial trucking claims up to $5 million per occurrence. Effective May 1, 2019, the Company entered into a three year commercial auto liability insurance arrangement for losses incurred between $5 million and $10 million (the “2019 Initial Excess Policy”) with a third party insurance company. The Company subsequently extended the 2019 Initial Excess Policy for one additional policy year, from May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023. For commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023, the extended 2019 Initial Excess Policy provides for a limit for a single loss of $5 million, with an aggregate limit of $10 million for the policy period ended April 30, 2023. Effective May 1, 2023, the Company entered into a new three year commercial auto liability insurance arrangement for losses incurred between $5 million and $10 million (the “2023 Initial Excess Policy”) with a third party insurance company. For commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2023 through April 30, 2026, the 2023 Initial Excess Policy provides for an aggregate deductible of $18 million over the thirty-six month term ending April 30, 2026. After payment of the deductible, the 2023 Initial Excess Policy provides for a limit for a single loss of $5 million, with an aggregate limit of $15 million for the thirty-six month term ending April 30, 2026.

 

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The Company also maintains third party insurance arrangements providing excess coverage for commercial trucking liabilities in excess of $10 million. These third party arrangements provide coverage on a per occurrence or aggregated basis. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the occurrence of trials in courts throughout the United States involving catastrophic injury and fatality claims against commercial motor carriers that have resulted in verdicts in excess of $10 million. Within the transportation logistics industry, these verdicts are often referred to as “Nuclear Verdicts.” The increase in Nuclear Verdicts has had a significant impact on the cost of commercial auto liability claims throughout the United States. Due to the increasing cost of commercial auto liability claims, the availability of excess coverage has significantly decreased, and the pricing associated with such excess coverage, to the extent available, has significantly increased. Since the annual policy year ended April 30, 2020, as compared to the annual policy year ending April 30, 2024, the Company experienced an increase of approximately $21 million, or over 380%, in the premiums charged by third party insurance companies to the Company for excess coverage for commercial trucking liabilities in excess of $10 million.

Moreover, in recent years the Company has increased the level of its financial exposure to commercial trucking claims in excess of $10 million, including through the use of additional self-insurance, deductibles, aggregate loss limits, quota shares and other arrangements with third party insurance companies, based on the availability of coverage within certain excess insurance coverage layers and estimated cost differentials between proposed premiums from third party insurance companies and historical and actuarially projected losses experienced by the Company at various levels of excess insurance coverage. For example, with respect to a single hypothetical claim in the amount of $60 million incurred during the annual policy year ending April 30, 2024, the Company would have an aggregate financial exposure of approximately $25 million. Furthermore, the Company’s third party insurance arrangements provide excess coverage up to an uppermost coverage layer, in excess of which the Company retains additional financial exposure. No assurances can be given that the availability of excess coverage for commercial trucking claims will not continue to deteriorate, that the pricing associated with such excess coverage, to the extent available, will not continue to increase, nor that insurance coverage from third party insurers for excess coverage of commercial trucking claims will even be available on commercially reasonable terms at certain levels. Moreover, the occurrence of a Nuclear Verdict, or the settlement of a catastrophic injury and/or fatality claim that could have otherwise resulted in a Nuclear Verdict, could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.

Further, the Company retains liability of up to $2,000,000 for each general liability claim, up to $250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and up to $250,000 for each cargo claim. In addition, under reinsurance arrangements by Signature of certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors, the Company retains liability of up to $500,000, $1,000,000 or $2,000,000 with respect to certain occupational accident claims and up to $750,000 with respect to certain workers’ compensation claims. The Company’s exposure to liability associated with accidents incurred by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads and air and ocean cargo carriers who transport freight on behalf of the Company is reduced by various factors including the extent to which such carriers maintain their own insurance coverage. A material increase in the frequency or severity of accidents, cargo claims or workers’ compensation claims or the material unfavorable development of existing claims could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s purchase of its common stock during the period from January 1, 2023 to April 1, 2023, the Company’s first fiscal quarter:

 

Fiscal Period

   Total Number of
Shares Purchased
     Average Price
Paid Per Share
     Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Programs
     Maximum Number of
Shares That May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Programs
 

December 31, 2022

              3,000,000  

January 1, 2023 – January 28, 2023

     —        $ —          —          3,000,000  

January 29, 2023 – February 25, 2023

     —          —          —          3,000,000  

February 26, 2023 – April 1, 2023

     89,661        172.13        89,661        2,910,339  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total

     89,661      $ 172.13        89,661     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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On December 7, 2021, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to 1,912,824 shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. On December 6, 2022, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to 1,900,826 additional shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. As of April 1, 2023, the Company had authorization to purchase in the aggregate up to 2,910,339 shares of its common stock under these programs. No specific expiration date has been assigned to the December 7, 2021 or December 6, 2022 authorizations.

Dividends

Landstar entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated July 1, 2022, with a bank syndicate led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock in the event there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement, under certain circumstances, limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index are furnished as part of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Registrant’s Commission File No.: 0-21238

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description

(10.1)+    Letter Agreement, dated February 27, 2023, by and between Landstar System, Inc. and Robert S. Brasher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 27, 2023 (Commission File No. 0-21238)).
(31)    Certifications Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.1 *    Chief Executive Officer certification, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 *    Chief Financial Officer certification, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)    Certifications Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 **    Chief Executive Officer certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 **    Chief Financial Officer certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*    Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*    Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

 

+

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement    

*

Filed herewith

**

Furnished herewith

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

      LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC.
Date: May 5, 2023      

/s/ James B. Gattoni

      James B. Gattoni
     

President and

Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 5, 2023      

/s/ James P. Todd

      James P. Todd
      Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary

 

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