The provisions for income taxes for the 2019 and 2018 thirteen-week periods were based on estimated annual effective income tax rates of 24.2% and 24.5%, respectively, adjusted for discrete events, such as benefits resulting from stock-based awards. The effective income tax rate for the 2019 thirteen-week period was

21.0

%, which approximated the statutory federal income tax rate. The provision for income taxes for the 2019 thirteen-week period was favorably impacted by $2,571,000 of excess tax benefits from stock-based awards, which essentially offset the impact of state taxes and the meals and entertainment exclusion. The effective income tax rate for the 2018 thirteen-week period was 22.7%, which was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily attributable to state taxes, the elimination of the performance-based compensation exception under Section 162(m) by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”) and the meals and entertainment exclusion, partially offset by excess tax benefits realized on stock based awards.