-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, MH4f2MtZtxRLPs8uEggHo05+YmWJ4WwNJTXhbZU/RAdia2GABM6EDBdvg7OAPEx4 t5kDZMs42kaHPY88ruCu/Q== 0000891618-98-005461.txt : 19981228 0000891618-98-005461.hdr.sgml : 19981228 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000891618-98-005461 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K405 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 7 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19980930 FILED AS OF DATE: 19981223 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: SANTA CRUZ OPERATION INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000851560 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372] IRS NUMBER: 942549086 STATE OF INCORPORATION: CA FISCAL YEAR END: 0930 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K405 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-21484 FILM NUMBER: 98774205 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 400 ENCINAL STREET STREET 2: PO BOX 1900 CITY: SANTA CRUZ STATE: CA ZIP: 95060 BUSINESS PHONE: 4084277172 10-K405 1 FORM 10-K FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED 9/30/98 1 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1998 [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _____________ TO _______________ ------------------------------------ COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-21484 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) CALIFORNIA 94-2549086 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 400 ENCINAL STREET, SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA 95060 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (831) 425-7222 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NONE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: PREFERRED SHARE PURCHASE RIGHTS COMMON STOCK, NO PAR VALUE Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ] Registrant became subject to such filing requirements on May 25, 1993 as a result of its initial public offering. Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment. [X] The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the Common Stock on December 15, 1998 as reported on the Nasdaq National Market was approximately $80,222,235. Shares of Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of December 15, 1998, registrant had 34,372,468 shares of Common Stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the 1998 Annual Report to Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Parts I, II and IV. Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement dated on or about January 22, 1999 to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held February 23, 1999 are incorporated by reference into Part III. 2 PART I THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I PAGE NUMBER Item 1. Business 1 Item 2. Properties 14 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 14 Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 14 Executive Officers of the Registrant 14 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters 16 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 16 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 16 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 16 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreement with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures 16 PART III Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 17 Item 11. Executive Compensation 17 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 17 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 17 PART IV Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule and Reports on Form 8-K 18 Signatures 20
3 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS INTRODUCTION The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. (SCO or the Company) was incorporated in California in 1979 and shipped its first product, SCO(R) XENIX(R) System V, a packaged version of the UNIX(R) operating system, in 1983. In 1985, the Company introduced its first operating system for the 32-bit Intel(R) microprocessor environment, SCO XENIX 286, and followed with its SCO XENIX 386 in 1987. The Company first shipped its UNIX trademarked commercial product, SCO UNIX System V/386, for the Intel CPU-based platforms in 1989 and followed with an integrated, graphical version of this product, SCO Open Desktop(R), in 1990. In 1993, the Company introduced two families of systems software--SCO OpenServer(TM) products, a complete line of advanced server and SCO Open Desktop products, a complete line of advanced workstation (client) operating systems. In 1995, SCO integrated these products into a single line, called the SCO OpenServer family. SCO also introduced its SCO Vision family of client-integration products, which integrate Windows(R) PC's with UNIX Servers from all major UNIX vendors. SCO also created a Optional Services Products division which has the mission of providing middleware that enhances the capabilities of SCO OpenServer Systems, as well as UNIX Servers from other vendors. In fiscal year 1996, SCO acquired the UnixWare(R) product line and UNIX system technology from Novell, Inc. In 1998, the Company launched UnixWare 7, began moving toward to a new electronic distribution system and formed a new management team. Also in 1998, SCO announced a that it had entered into a strategic business agreement with IBM to jointly develop a UNIX system for the forthcoming Intel IA-64 processors. The purpose of this alliance is to create a single product line that will run on Intel IA-32, Intel IA-64 and IBM microprocessor systems that range from entry-level servers to large enterprise environments. SCO's mission is to provide the system software that system builders choose for network computing. Designed specifically for network computing, SCO system software products help organizations extend their business-critical applications inside and outside the enterprise to employees, customers, and partners without disrupting their current operations or replacing their current system. The two key elements of Network Computing are, first, powerful, scalable and reliable servers; and, second, support for a wide range of clients. To facilitate network computing in the enterprise, SCO offers an Application Broker for Network Computing- Tarantella. Tarantella runs on any UNIX server and provides any Java client - NC, PC, terminal, or workstation with access to existing applications running on any kind of server in the network - mainframe, mini, UNIX or NT server. By leveraging SCO's core strengths - UNIX servers and Tarantella - SCO can move businesses to Network Computing at their own pace, enabling them to utilize their existing systems and giving them the broadest choices of technologies and partners. SCO's product solutions are available through a global network of more than 15,000 SCO distributors and resellers. Through its strategic alliances with the world's leading computer vendors, technology providers and support providers, SCO will continue to deliver the industry's most advanced and reliable products, backed by expert local support around the world. This report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's expectations only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND Traditionally, mainframes and minicomputers have formed the basis of enterprise computing in large, complex organizations. These organizations have generally used custom applications to perform business-critical tasks such as general accounting, inventory management, transaction processing, manufacturing control and branch management. These applications typically involve processing and managing large quantities of data and must provide continuous availability of data to many users, while ensuring data integrity and security. Despite their performance and functionality, these mainframe and minicomputer "legacy" systems are based on proprietary hardware and operating software architectures and are increasingly perceived to be difficult, time-consuming, and expensive to implement, maintain, and support. In addition, these systems provide limited interoperability with 1 4 other information resources and systems commonly used in organizations today, provide limited user access to data maintained in these systems, and often use difficult, non-intuitive character-based user interfaces. In the past fifteen years, Intel CPU-based computers have proliferated in both large and small organizations primarily as a result of steadily improving price-performance and the development of local-area networking software. Recent generations of Intel processors, together with declining costs for both system memory and data storage, have given PCs the power to process large volumes of business-critical data. These developments have accelerated the emergence of a new computing paradigm in which central processing on mainframes or minicomputers is being replaced by processing distributed between desktop PC or workstation "clients," which handle user interface and application logic, and business critical servers responsible for shared access to enterprise data, business-critical applications, database management, and data security. This approach, in principle, combines the efficiency of desktop processing with access to enterprise-wide data and applications. However, the leading operating system for Intel CPU-based client PCs, (Microsoft Windows or Windows NT(R)) and the leading networking operating system for PC-based local-area networks (Novell(R) NetWare(R)) do not offer the performance, stability, scalability, data security, network connectivity, or support for heterogeneous clients (not only PCs, but also UNIX workstations, PDAs, and the emerging class of network computers or NCs) required by many organizations for business critical servers. As a result, most PC-based networks offer only a limited version of client/server computing, in which the key functions of shared data access, database management, data security and business-critical applications are handled by mainframes and minicomputers acting as servers, or by microprocessor-based servers utilizing reduced-instruction set (RISC) architectures. Because of operating system and hardware limitations, as well as high hardware costs, these server strategies fail to capture the price-performance benefits of client/server computing. A major drawback of the PC-centric client/server model is the high cost of system administration, maintenance, and software updates. When businesses move to a server-centric model of client/server computing, called Network Computing, they can administer and update client software from the server, saving inordinate amounts of time and money. This is why SCO supports the server-centric Network Computing model. SCO bases its system software for business critical servers on the UNIX System, which has been in use since the 1970s. The UNIX System is a 32-bit native multi-user, multitasking technology. Operating systems based on the UNIX System allow application programs to be separated from operating system tasks such as control of peripheral devices, communications, memory management and file management, thus providing a standardized protected environment in which the applications operate. The result is much higher reliability because multiple applications and users cannot interfere with each other and easier application development because many complex functions are handled by the operating system. SCO believes, however, that UNIX technology is only the beginning of the solution, and that considerable value must be added to the basic technology in order to create a family of products that solve complex customer requirements for business critical servers. Business and government organizations are increasingly demanding adherence to standards-based open systems to protect their computing investment and avoid reliance on a single vendor's hardware or software. For such customers, the proprietary implementations of the UNIX System that dominate the technical and scientific workstation market are unacceptable. These proprietary versions of UNIX systems run on hardware architectures that are expensive relative to PCs, are tied to the proprietary hardware of particular vendors and have failed to meet the increasing demand for hardware-independent, Intel CPU-based systems. Business and government organizations also require broad availability of third-party applications software so that they can use predefined solutions and, to the extent possible, avoid having to develop custom applications. When custom applications are required, these customers need a development environment and tools which enable such applications to be easily produced and implemented and run across multiple hardware architectures. Lastly, these customers require a high level of customer support in the form of consulting and training, as well as continual product enhancements to incorporate new technology and industry standards. SCO has focused on Intel CPU-based computers because of their dominant position in the microprocessor-based computer market and their potential in the emerging client/server market. SCO's years of experience in supporting each successive generation of Intel processors has resulted in highly reliable and stable UNIX operating system products. The Company's extensive engineering capabilities and product enhancement programs support complex, networked business critical servers across the full range of Intel microprocessors, including the Pentium and Pentium Pro(R) processors. The Company's software is compatible with Intel CPU-based computers offered by virtually all of the major hardware vendors. Because SCO products support multiple processors and can execute multiple applications simultaneously, they are especially well suited for business critical servers that provide data access and business-critical applications to users throughout the enterprise. 2 5 THE SCO SOLUTION SCO brings the power of the UNIX System and the freedom of open systems to the Intel CPU-based server environment. Since introducing its first operating software in 1983, SCO has shipped about 2.3 million licenses to multi-user computer environments worldwide. The Company's innovations have included shipping a packaged version of the UNIX System in 1983, shipping a graphical, 32-bit UNIX operating system for Intel PCs in 1990 and shipping a packaged UNIX operating system for Intel CPU-based multiprocessing computers in 1993. The Company introduced a family of client-integration and layered server software in 1995. In 1996, the Company introduced its Internet family of server products. In 1997, the Company introduced the world's first Application Broker for Network Computing, and announced a release strategy for its next-generation UNIX operating system, which is initially targeted at high-end departmental computing and enterprise environments. Based on its experience in the marketplace, the Company believes that its products support more Intel CPU-based computers, applications, networks, and peripherals than those of any other UNIX System software. Business critical servers running SCO software are especially designed to support networked applications running on traditional client/server architectures and on the new server-centric Internet/intranet architecture, enabling organizations ranging from small businesses to large corporations and government agencies to implement enterprise-wide computing solutions. SCO has developed significant expertise in implementing powerful and stable UNIX operating systems for business critical servers, and has built a multi-tiered distribution channel of direct sales personnel, value-added resellers (VARs), original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and distributors to reach and support thousands of end-user customers. SCO BUSINESS CRITICAL SERVERS Business critical servers running SCO system software combine the best qualities of stand-alone PCs (personal productivity, ease of use and price-performance value) with the traditional strengths of UNIX System servers (business-critical applications, data management, security, and network administration). SCO business critical servers feature the following performance characteristics to meet customer requirements: 1) support for business-critical, transaction-based applications, 2) capabilities for providing a permanent, auditable history of operations, 3) top performance and scalability at the lowest cost, 4) support for multiple users performing multiple tasks, 5) high-level security, 6) reliability and manageability, 7) support for a wide range of client devices, including not only Microsoft Windows PC desktops and laptops, but also UNIX workstations, PDAs, and the new network computers known as NCs, and 8) expert service and support. STRATEGY The Company's strategy is to continue providing the most reliable and robust system software for business critical servers that run the critical day-to-day business operations of large and small organizations. That includes Network Computing environments. The Company's success depends in large part on the continued growth of the UNIX System market for business and governmental organizations as well as the Company's ability to continue to license additional products and product enhancements to existing customers and to identify and market its products to new markets and customers. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve revenue growth and profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. SCO's strategy includes 10 key elements: 1) FOCUSING ON TARGET MARKETS SCO focuses its products, industry relationships, distribution and support strategy on three key business opportunities: primary information systems for small and medium-sized businesses; replicated systems for use in distributed information systems in medium-sized and large organizations, including Fortune 1000 corporations; and business-critical enterprise systems for large and medium-sized businesses. Key targeted industries include retail and telecommunications. 2) INTEGRATING WINDOWS PCS AND DIVERSE CLIENTS WITH UNIX SERVERS SCO intends to provide the best server for Network Computing, which means providing the best server for a wide range of client devices, including not only Microsoft Windows PC desktops and laptops, but also UNIX workstations, Xterminals, character-based terminals, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), and network computers or 3 6 NCs. The goal of this strategy is to enable organizations to take full advantage of cost-effective client devices that can run the new Java-based applications and exchange information across the Internet and corporate intranets. SCO continues to support its Windows Integration strategy. The four cornerstones of this strategy are solutions for: connectivity between SCO servers and Windows desktops; manageability of Windows desktops from SCO servers; the ability to take advantage of users' Windows skills by making SCO UNIX System applications appear and behave like those on Windows; and interoperability between Windows and UNIX System applications. SCO provides a full line of Windows Integration Products, called the SCO Vision Family. In addition, SCO now offers Tarantella, the Company's new Application Broker for Network Computing. Tarantella enables customers to deliver both new and existing applications to any Java technology-enabled client. These applications include Windows, UNIX system, and mainframe applications. The clients can be palmtop devices, Web TV, a mobile phone, an NC, a character terminal, or a PC. 3) SUPPORTING A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS Because purchase decisions are often driven by the availability of applications, SCO has positioned its products as a strategic platform for developers of business applications. Developers write software compatible with SCO's products because of SCO's leadership in the UNIX market for Intel CPU-based computers and its support for a wide range of hardware vendors. Applications written for the SCO environment run on over 2,700 types of computers and peripherals, and can be readily ported to proprietary or other RISC-based UNIX systems, thus expanding the market opportunity for the developer. SCO places particular emphasis on ensuring that SCO business critical servers provide optimal support for the leading client/server applications, the new Java system-based applications, and the leading relational database management systems. Major software vendors that offer application software for the SCO environment include Banyan, Inprise, Computer Associates, Informix, Lotus, Microsoft, Oracle, Novell, Progress, and Sybase. In total, SCO UNIX Systems are supported by over 12,000 independent software vendors (ISVs), representing over 15,000 business-critical applications. 4) DELIVERING COMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT SERVICES SCO continues to expand its delivery of support services to meet the needs of customers using complex, multivendor computer systems. SCO also works closely with resellers and OEMs to offer channel-delivered support programs to meet the needs of customers in its target markets. SCO Services offerings include a range of telephone support options, a CD-based SCO Support Library, on-line services, and high-level consulting and engineering services. These flexible services give customers a choice of support plans and pricing models. In addition, comprehensive education and training programs for resellers and end users are available though the Company's Advanced Education Centers. Information on these programs is available on the Services and Support page of the SCO Web site. 5) SUPPLYING MIDDLEWARE FOR MULTIPLE HARDWARE PLATFORMS Middleware products and technologies represent a class of system software that enhances the basic operating system. SCO's Optional Service Products division is tasked with providing middleware for SCO OpenServer Systems, as well as other UNIX servers. 6) PROVIDING TRUE OPEN SYSTEMS PRODUCTS Because customers are increasingly reluctant to be restricted to a single computer vendor, the Company has designed its software products to support industry-accepted open systems standards. Open systems are those systems which conform to established industry standards such as I20, XPG-4, Spec 1170, DCE and OSF/Motif(R) from The Open Group, POSIX(R) from IEEE, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) from the National Institute of Standards (NIST), and Internet standards. SCO continuously works with standards organizations such as The Open Group to assure continued conformance to open systems standards. Industry standards may be established by organizations composed of vendors, by government agencies, by academic institutions, or by market acceptance. Industry standards typically are based on specifications which allow competing implementations. Because these standards are open, competitors can readily access the technology to include in their products. Industry standards offer the customer a cost-effective computing solution by providing a high degree of compatibility and interoperability among hardware, software, network and peripheral products. Based on published directories listing 4 7 vendors and applications, the Company believes there are currently over 15,000 business-critical software solutions compatible with SCO's products. 7) LEVERAGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SCO has developed extensive expertise in sourcing, enhancing and integrating third-party technologies to provide true open system software solutions. For example, the SCO OpenServer Enterprise System seamlessly integrates open system technologies from a number of different third-party software providers to produce a package that operates as one cohesive product. In this way, SCO leverages its engineering resources by building upon the technologies developed by the technical staffs at numerous other companies. 8) DISTRIBUTING PRODUCTS WORLDWIDE In contrast to operating system software for stand-alone PCs and small networks, system software for business critical servers requires sophisticated distribution and support. Over the past 12 years, SCO has developed a highly trained, multi-tiered, value-added distribution and support infrastructure. This worldwide network includes over 15,000 resellers and distributors. These parties implement and support specific solutions for corporate, government and smaller business customers by integrating SCO's products with those of other vendors. SCO and its distribution network work together to provide comprehensive support services ranging from engineering and consulting services to technical support and training and education. 9) EVANGELIZING TO DEVELOPERS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS SCO maintains developer and reseller programs to assist independent software developers (ISVs) and channel partners in both the development and marketing of SCO business critical servers. SCO developer and reseller programs include joint marketing campaigns, information exchange, and special access to product updates, enhancements, and new releases. The Company has established a program to focus on the use of SCO products at schools and universities, and makes free copies of its UNIX server licenses available to non-commercial organizations. 10) EXECUTING GLOBAL STRATEGY The Company's products are designed to support customers throughout the world, with local language versions available for Europe, Asia, and Latin America. SCO maintains sales, distribution and representative offices throughout the world including those in the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Australia, Singapore, Japan, Canada, Hong Kong, China, Mexico, and throughout the U.S. In addition, the Company has established design and development centers in the U.K. and the U.S. to meet company-wide and local product development requirements. PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE SCO provides a family of products for business critical servers, as well as for specialized business and development workstations used with business critical servers in many client/server installations. These products are based on a UNIX System kernel to which SCO has added extensive capabilities. The Company's products include the following components: operating systems, networking, user interfaces, client integration software, middleware and development tools. Operating systems are the instructions which interact with the microprocessor in a computer, allowing it to perform basic functions such as displaying information, processing inputs and storing and retrieving data. Operating systems also provide a platform for running applications which perform useful functions for end users, including database access, communications services, spreadsheets, and various utilities. Networking systems support numerous third-party local and wide-area networking products to allow enterprise-wide distributed computing. SCO's user interfaces provide an easy-to-use graphical desktop environment that enables users to access an organization's entire computing environment. SCO's Client Integration software integrates client devices, such as Windows PCs and NCs, with UNIX servers. Middleware adds additional capabilities, such as networking, system and network management, software distribution and backups. Development tools enable developers and customers to develop and maintain applications on SCO systems. 5 8 The Company has structured its product families to take advantage of the modular nature of the overall architecture. Depending on their requirements, customers can purchase packages ranging from a basic multi-user host system to a comprehensive enterprise server system, all of which operate with the Company's development tools. PRODUCTS The Company offers three categories of products: (1) UNIX server operating system products, which include optional server products, (2) Tarantella, the world's first Application Broker, and 3) client-integration products. SCO UNIXWARE PRODUCTS Designed from the ground up to support distributed network computing, UnixWare 7 delivers purpose-built operating system configurations designed to power departmental databases, application servers, intranet servers, mail and messaging servers and environments specifically tailored to run telecommunications and other embedded environments. UnixWare 7 is supported by leading enterprise application vendors, and backed by more enterprise hardware manufacturers than any other UNIX server environment. As an applications server, SCO UnixWare 7 provides all of the facets of business critical computing -- including built-in security, reliability, and fault tolerance -- on a standard, cost-effective, and high-performance Intel single- or multi-processor hardware platform. It supports thousands of enterprise, commercial, and industrial-grade applications and has established performance levels running leading database systems from Oracle, Sybase, and Informix. One of the striking things about the SCO UnixWare system's consistent record breaking performance is that these records were not established on proprietary hardware from a single supplier, but on standard technology components from several vendors. With Intel's establishment of its MP Spec, hardware vendors can compete in developing increasingly high-performance systems that will automatically support the SCO UnixWare system. With the SCO UnixWare 7 system providing an open, standards-based operating platform, and numerous hardware manufacturers supporting an open SMP(TM) implementation, customers are assured of increasing performance, increasing value, and the luxury of choice. BASE UNIXWARE OPERATING SYSTEMS UnixWare 7 Base Edition: Base-line services for the individual workstation user or as a platform for building dedicated environments, such as a telephony or embedded solution. UnixWare 7 Enterprise Edition: A highly available, scalable, high-performance, network-ready and secure operating environment to run enterprise-wide business applications that manage, distribute and warehouse business critical information. UnixWare 7 Departmental Edition: A high-performance and reliable operating environment that supports any client and runs applications that automate business processes and reliably share business critical information. UnixWare 7 Messaging Edition: Scalable, reliable and advanced mail and messaging system that includes all of the components required to run a powerful Email solution. SCO OPENSERVER PRODUCTS The SCO OpenServer system is today's leading UNIX server operating system for Intel processor-based platforms. Businesses use SCO OpenServer systems to simplify and speed business operations, better understand and respond to their customers' needs, and achieve a competitive advantage. SCO OpenServer systems are exceptional at running multi-user, transaction-based DBMS and business applications, communications gateways, mail and messaging servers in both host and client/server environments. SCO OpenServer Release 5 combines minicomputer-level reliability and availability with the Intel platform's exceptional price/performance, value and flexibility. Unlike other advanced operating systems, SCO OpenServer Systems revolutionize business productivity without obsoleting existing business critical systems, applications or data. Designed expressly for business critical computing, SCO OpenServer systems deliver what today's organizations are seeking - exceptional value and price/performance, extensible networking with existing LANs and WANs, easy integration with Windows desktops, built-in Internet access and services, simplified administration and management, and outstanding scalability for long term growth. 6 9 Base SCO OpenServer Operating Systems-- SCO OpenServer Enterprise System: A 32-bit, multi-user, multitasking X/Open(R) UNIX System-compliant operating system with integrated graphics, multi-protocol networking, Internet services, mail and messaging services, and remote systems administration and software management. SCO OpenServer Host System: A 32-bit, multi-user, multitasking, X/Open UNIX System-compliant operating system with integrated graphics and simple PC connectivity and mail and messaging services. It can be easily upgraded to the Enterprise System when client/server or networking capabilities are required. SCO OpenServer Desktop System: An advanced, single-user operating system that delivers secure workstation capabilities and performance on cost-effective Intel platforms. SCO OPTIONAL SERVICES PRODUCTS SCO Optional Services Products include The SCO Internet Family of products, plus SCO Advanced File and Print Server, SCO(R) ARCserve(R)/Open from Cheyenne(R), and SCO Doctor(TM). The SCO Internet Family. The SCO Internet Family provides Internet access for corporate LANs. By using the family of products as an Internet gateway, organizations can provide users with access to the vast resources of the Internet while providing advanced security; publish information for internal and external audience; create corporate intranets, and conduct electronic commerce. The SCO Internet Family provides everything needed to get up and running on the web quickly. It includes multi-line PPP, multi-homing support, Netscape Navigator(TM), and Netscape Communications Server(TM). Installation and configuration are made simple via a HTML-based tool that guides the installer painlessly through the entire install process. It also supports TCP/IP, IPX/SPX(TM), NFS(R), NIS, DNS, PPP, SMTP, POP networking protocols, and includes network install capability. Additional SCO Internet Family Product Options -- For customers with existing SCO servers, or those who wish to extend their Internet functionality, the SCO Internet Family also has a number of optional products. These include Netscape Commerce Server(TM), Netscape Communications Server, The Netscape Proxy Server(TM), Netscape Navigator, SCO Internet to NetWare Gateway, SCO Internet Security Package, and SCO PPP from Morning Star. SCO Advanced File and Print Server - Seamless Integration of UNIX Servers and Windows. The SCO Advanced File and Print Server, when used with SCO OpenServer Release 5, creates a UNIX system based network operating system that allows file and printer access to PCs running Microsoft Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.x, OS/2(R), and MS-DOS. Fully backward compatible with LAN Manager Release 2.2, SCO Advanced File and Print Server is based on the newest Microsoft NT networking technology and is peer-to-peer compatible with Microsoft NT. Because Advanced File and Print Server is actually based on NT technology, the server appears to the desktop clients exactly as if it were an NT server. SCO Advanced File and Print Server provides a highly integrated environment allowing PCs to access files and printers in the native Windows format while accessing mission-critical business applications running on the server. UNIX directories are accessed as Windows network drives and UNIX printers are accessed as if they were connected directly to the desktop PC. SCO ARCserve/Open -- Multi-platform Network Backup and Restore. SCO ARCserve/Open is an easy-to-use, high-performance, comprehensive data management tool for enterprise networks. Developed by Cheyenne Software, the industry leader in backup and restore technology, SCO ARCserve/Open delivers a business critical data management system. SCO ARCserve/Open brings a unique combination of ease-of-use, automation, high performance, and reliability to the SCO platform. It provides the robust feature set that administrators require and the simplicity necessary for end-users to do their own backups. Utilizing an intuitive Motif interface, SCO ARCserve/Open makes managing the backup of large servers and heterogeneous networks simple. Ease-of-use is enhanced by the Auto Pilot feature, which provides full automation of the data management process, including tape rotation. High throughput is provided by an efficient backup engine which optimizes performance of each tape drive. Even greater throughput is achieved with the Parallel Streaming feature, which supports simultaneous backup to multiple tape devices. SCO Doctor -- Pro-Active Remote Systems Management. The SCO Doctor advanced systems management tool is the first to address the many UNIX system configurations in use today. SCO Doctor incorporates advanced process monitoring, accurate diagnosis and automatic problem correction. Notification of alerts can be 7 10 communicated to the administrator via pop-ups on the Doctor console, the built-in pager support, or by e-mail notices. Alerts, in turn, invoke intelligent action programs to automatically correct the problem or notify the system administrator that intervention is required. It supports diverse network protocols. The Doctor agent collects data from a variety of sources including the UNIX kernel, operating system configuration, the file system, standard UNIX performance monitoring commands and local utilities, as well as third party applications. SCO Doctor can be customized to meet a wide range of customer requirements. Views, reports, action programs, alerts, data collection subagents and file transfer programs can easily be customized using Tcl scripting commands. SCO Doctor for Networks(TM) systems management tool is an enhanced version of Doctor that can manage small networks or large installations of several thousand systems over a LAN or WAN. If required, support staff can use the "connect-back" capability of Doctor for Networks for live monitoring of the remote system and perform further diagnosis of problems via the simultaneous log-in facility. SCO Doctor Agent supports SNMP traps and provides extensive system query information through the Doctor enterprise MIB. Doctor for Networks supports everything from low-speed async dial-up modems to TCP/IP, PPP, SLIP and e-mail-enabled transports. It provides uncompromised operation over regular phone lines to ensure that the widest range of UNIX systems can, at last, "afford" to be managed. It includes a full-featured set of facilities for file transfer, remote command execution and remote login facilities. By incorporating powerful remote communications features, the need to purchase a separate communications product is eliminated. TARANTELLA Tarantella is the first application broker for network computing. Tarantella provides any client device on the network with secure, Web browser access to any server application on the network. This enables organizations to provide anyone, inside or outside the enterprise, with secure access to their current business-critical applications. Running on any UNIX server -- including those from Sun, IBM, HP, and Siemens -- Tarantella software immediately enables any application to be accessed by any user device with a Web browser (PC, network computer, graphical terminal, palmtop computer, or other device). Unlike other client-integration solutions, Tarantella usually requires no software to be installed on the user devices. This dramatically reduces the cost, time, and labor of moving to Internet-based network computing. Unlike competing products that provide access to only one kind of application, Tarantella provides access to mainframe and minicomputer applications, X applications, and even Windows applications. Tarantella dramatically lowers the total cost of ownership by supporting hardware and software already in use, by eliminating the cost of installing software on clients, and by providing centralized system administration. With Tarantella, organizations can move their current applications onto the network without rewriting code or disrupting their current operations. SCO CLIENT-INTEGRATION PRODUCTS / THE SCO VISION FAMILY The SCO Vision family includes powerful and extensible Windows to UNIX Systems integration products, providing a "best of both worlds" solution - the reliability and scalability of UNIX Systems and the plug-and-play ease of Microsoft Windows. These products are available and optimized for all Windows platforms, including 3.1, NT, and Windows 95. SCO Vision97 - Bringing together Windows, UNIX and the Internet SCO Vision97 integrates Windows, UNIX and the Internet for just a little more than the price of a PC-X server. SCO Vision97 is a new generation of Windows to UNIX integration products, designed to bring the benefits of the new Internet computing model to Windows PC users. Going beyond simply accessing UNIX applications, SCO Vision97 adopts the principles of centralized management, server deployment and Internet integration and cuts the cost of ownership of existing PC networks. SCO Vison97 offers access to X and character-based applications, server-based file and print sharing and ODBC middleware. Together they form a tightly integrated suite that is designed for Network Computing. SCO SuperVision - Remote Management of Windows Desktops SCO(R) SuperVision(TM) gives system administrators the power to remotely manage, configure and control SCO Vision Family desktops on the corporate network. By allowing updates to all desktops in a single stroke, SCO SuperVision can dramatically cut the cost of managing and supporting large groups of Windows users. SCO SuperVision will manage both PCs directly connected to the network and those connected remotely over a modem link. 8 11 SCO VisionFS - Microsoft File and Print Services SCO VisionFS(TM) provides Microsoft file and print services from any UNIX server (HP, Sun, IBM, Digital, SCO etc.) to Windows PCs. It makes a UNIX server appear like any other Windows machine on the network. No software has to be installed on the PC to allow access to files and printers on the UNIX server. Using the SCO VisionFS smart server approach delivers dramatic cost savings in installation, administration and maintenance of PCs, compared to NFS client solutions. SCO TermVision - The Business Critical Terminal Emulator SCO(R) TermVision(TM) is a powerful 32-bit terminal emulation package which presents UNIX character-based applications, files and services in Windows terms for Windows users. SCO TermVision increases efficiencies, flattens the learning curve and reduces administration overhead with a combination of highly configurable emulators, secure and intelligent communications, and facilities for remote administration. SCO XVision - The Transparent PC X Server for Microsoft Windows SCO(R) XVision(R) is the world's first transparent PC X server - designed so that all users see is Microsoft Windows. Using a transparent interface, SCO XVision can reduce the cost and need for training and support. Users can use XVision and Windows applications side by side without even knowing it. SCO SQL-Retriever - ODBC Middleware for Simultaneous Access to Multiple Databases SCO(R) SQL-Retriever(TM) is an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) middleware product designed to provide simultaneous access to a range of UNIX databases. SCO SQL-Retriever also supports the Java Database Base Connectivity (JDBC) protocol, for full access to databases across Internet/intranet networks. With SCO SQL-Retriever users can link Windows spreadsheets, development tools, report writers or Windows databases with all popular UNIX databases. PC users can take advantage of Windows productivity tools to present their text-based databases with all popular UNIX databases. PC users can take advantage of Windows productivity tools to present their text-based database information in a more flexible way. Developers can use SCO SQL-Retriever to create distributed applications working with multiple hosts and databases without needing to buy proprietary database tools for each. Premier Motif - The Business Critical Motif Premier Motif, which provides Windows management technology, is a complete service for Motif developers including software and support. SCO ensures that users invest their time in developing applications rather than debugging or developing Motif itself. Premier Motif has developed from over four years' experience as the world's leading third party Motif supplier. Premier Motif focuses on providing the highest quality Motif libraries, refining and enhancing OSF/Motif and ensuring a robust and portable development base. SCO has taken OSF/Motif and added numerous enhancements, many not found in any other vendor's Motif implementation. MARKETS The Company targets three major market segments: (1) primary information systems for small and medium-sized businesses, (2) replicated systems for use in distributed information systems in medium-sized and large organizations, including Fortune 1000 Corporations, and (3) business-critical enterprise servers for large and medium-sized businesses. The Company continues to drive the Small and Medium Business market forward with new products, such as SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.5, which incorporates the latest Internet and multimedia technologies, and the new UnixWare 7 Business Edition, scheduled for release in 1999. Many of today's largest retail chains, with numerous replicated sites, depend on SCO OpenServer to run their day-to-day operations. For enterprise environments, SCO this year launched UnixWare 7 - the most advanced operating system for the Intel platform. It combines the power, reliability, availability, and scalability of UNIX systems with the volume economics of Intel processors. Meanwhile, SCO is also accelerating its growth into the enterprise computing market with Tarantella, the first application broker for network computing. Tarantella provides virtually any client device on the network with secure, Web browser access to any server application on the network. 9 12 SALES AND DISTRIBUTION SCO has developed a highly trained and diverse sales and distribution channel of over 15,000 resellers and distributors. These channel partners are selected for their expertise and experience. In some cases, the contractual arrangements require minimum purchases and are generally terminable by either party. The Company permits selected resellers to return a limited amount of product for stock balancing, provided a new equivalent order is received. In the event the Company reduced product prices, the Company's standard terms for these resellers provide credit for inventory ordered in the previous 180 days, which can be applied against future purchases. The Company, as a matter of policy, does not allow product returns for a refund. In the fourth fiscal quarter of 1995, the Company increased its provision for exchange of products in its international operations which adversely affected its operating results. During the third fiscal quarter of 1997, the Company reduced its channel inventory across all product lines resulting in reduced revenues. There can be no assurance that stock balancing and exchanges in the future will not adversely affect the Company's operating results. The SCO sales and distribution channels focus on three major customer groups: Small and Medium-Sized Businesses. SCO works with VARs and authorized resellers which develop and/or sell business solutions to small and medium-sized businesses. Corporate Customers. In the U.S., and for selected customers across Europe, SCO has developed a major account team that builds and manages the relationships with customers in targeted industries as well as with the Company's channel partners who support these customers. In smaller markets this role is filled by major distributors. SCO provides direct support to major corporate customers. In addition, support is provided by OEMs who market SCO solutions on their hardware, systems integrators who develop project-specific solutions integrating SCO products with other vendors' products, and VARs who provide industry-specific, ready-to-use solutions. Government Customers. In the U.S., SCO has a dedicated account team that manages the relationships with government agencies. Government sales outside the U.S. are managed by SCO regional management or by OEMs, major distributors or major resellers. SCO also works with federal system integrators who integrate products from various vendors and provide support services for complete projects. CUSTOMER SUPPORT AND SERVICE Because of the business-critical use of SCO's products, customer support and services have become essential to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction. The Company's services are designed to support its wide range of customers, from small and medium-sized businesses to large enterprises, both at the end user and reseller levels. The Company, through its worldwide customer support and service staff and its authorized third-party education, support and channel partners, offers a variety of support and services: * Technical Support includes a variety of support offerings including online support through the World Wide Web, a dial-up bulletin board and varying levels of telephone support for channel partners and corporate accounts; * Educational Services include courseware and instruction guides provided to approximately 140 Authorized Education Centers, which in turn provide training and education materials to both end users and resellers in local languages; * Consulting Services consist of direct assistance, including on-site technical personnel for extended assignment, and integration, implementation and deployment of applications on SCO platforms for branch automation and other large business environments; * Developer Services include technical advisory and support services as well as access to early product releases for application developers; and * Engineering Services consist of engineering personnel who assist OEMs to port and support SCO products on their hardware platforms. The Company sells support services to end users on an annual contract or as-needed basis. Options are available so that customers can tailor the support solution to meet their specific needs. Electronic access is available through the World Wide Web, remote or local bulletin boards and through discussion groups on CompuServe and the Internet. Software updates, enhancements, and bug fixes are also available electronically. SCO also supports end users via Authorized Support Centers and Premier Service Centers. The Company also provides its support services to distributors, VARs, OEMs and integrators. 10 13 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Since its inception, the Company has focused considerable resources on the development and integration of UNIX systems and open systems software technologies and standards for Intel CPU-based computers. SCO has developed skills in operating systems, user interfaces, networking, porting and applications software support. The Company's development strategy is based upon utilizing and building upon technologies it owns, such as UNIX Systems technologies as well as products already available in the marketplace. In December of 1995, SCO purchased the UNIX Systems technologies from Novell, Inc. and is now a primary driving force behind this open systems platform. During the third quarter of fiscal 1997, SCO restructured to increase overall efficiency. SCO integrated the efforts of its various development teams to deliver the features and functionality businesses expect from SCO systems faster and more efficiently. SCO devotes considerable resources to ongoing product testing and quality assurance to support product reliability. The Company believes that its abilities to integrate product technologies, to incorporate a wide variety of standards into its products, and to continue to offer enhancements to its existing products are essential to maintaining its competitiveness in the marketplace. SCO has introduced development tools which allow developers to write applications which take advantage of the increased power of the ongoing Intel family of processors, including the Pentium, Pentium II and Pentium pro. In addition, the Company now offers localized versions of its core business critical servers, including SCO UnixWare products in English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Japanese, and SCO Open Server products in French, German, Chinese and Japanese. SCO has taken strong steps to mitigate operating system date processing errors that might occur with the onset of the Year 2000 (Y2K). SCO has: o Issued a Year 2000 Date Processing Warranty that defines how we expect our products to perform when processing dates in the Year 2000. o Published the SCO Year 2000 Whitepaper detailing how Year 2000 affects SCO products and what products are covered by the Year 2000 Date Processing Warranty. o Performed Year 2000 testing of all current SCO products. o Prepared fixes for Year 2000 problems that have been detected in current SCO supported products. SCO product development is comprised of one integrated organization that implements SCO's two product strategies--UNIX servers and Client Integration products. The UNIX server development teams are responsible for the core operating systems and services including SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, and the forthcoming 64-bit UNIX system, code-named Monterey64. They are also responsible for additional OS services such as SCO(R) Merge(TM), Virtual Disk Manager and On Line Data Manager (RAID subsystems), Development Systems, and new technology development projects that are UNIX kernel-related such as clustering and NUMA support. In addition, they are responsible for many layered server functions that extend the capabilities of the core operating systems. These services include file and print services, system management and backup services, and, most important, Internet services. The client integration development teams are responsible for SCO's "Windows integration" and "any-client integration" products and services. SCO's strategy is to integrate almost any client with almost any UNIX server. The teams build the SCO Vision family of products which includes SCO Vision97, SCO XVision, SCO TermVision, SCO SuperVision, SCO SQL-Retriever. They also develop Tarantella products, which extend SCO's and "any-client" proposition to Network Computing environments. The market for the Company's products is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolution of new industry standards, and frequent introductions of new products and product enhancements. The Company's success will depend upon its continued ability to enhance its existing products, to introduce new products on a timely and cost-effective basis to meet evolving customer requirements, to achieve market acceptance for new product offerings, and to respond to emerging industry standards and other technological changes. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in developing new products or enhancing its existing products or that such new or enhanced products will receive market acceptance. The Company's success also depends upon its ability to license from third parties and to incorporate into its products new technologies that become industry standards. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to obtain such licenses on favorable terms or that it will successfully incorporate such third-party technologies into its own products. 11 14 The Company anticipates new releases of products in the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999. There can be no assurance that such new releases will not be affected by technical problems or "bugs", as is common in the software industry. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that these or other future product introductions will not be delayed. Delays in the availability, or a lack of market acceptance, of new or enhanced products could have an adverse effect on the Company's business. There can be no assurance that product introductions in the future will not disrupt product revenues and adversely affect operating results. COMPETITION The market for operating systems is very competitive and rapidly changing. The Company encounters significant competition from a limited number of direct competitors including Microsoft, Novell, IBM and Sun Microsystems, which offer hardware-independent multi-user operating systems for Intel platforms, and from OEMs such as AT&T, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Olivetti, Sun Microsystems and Unisys, which offer their own versions of the UNIX System on a variety of RISC and Intel CPU-based hardware. Over the past months competition from companies selling versions of the Linux Operating System has increased. Many of these hardware competitors also offer SCO's system software products, either through direct OEM agreements or indirectly through the various distribution channels used by the Company. In addition, to the extent the Company's products increasingly penetrate the markets for larger and multiprocessor servers, SCO will increasingly face competition from IBM's AS/400, Compaq's Alpha-based servers, and Sequent servers. Competitive systems not based on Intel microprocessors are offered by DEC, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Sun Microsystems, among others. These systems are sold with operating system software which is based upon the UNIX System and offer many of the benefits of the Company's products. The Company also expects to receive increasing direct competition on the Intel platform from OEM versions of the UNIX System and from such hardware-independent operating systems as Microsoft Windows NT and SunSoft's Solaris for Intel. The Company expects Microsoft Windows NT (server and workstation) to continue to offer significant and increasing competition to UNIX System products, including SCO products. Many of these competitors and potential competitors have significantly greater financial resources, more technical personnel and more extensive marketing and distribution capabilities than the Company. The major factors that affect the competitive market for the Company's products include product reliability, availability of user applications, compliance with industry standards, ease of use, networking capability, breadth of hardware compatibility, quality of support and customer services, product performance and price. Over recent years, operating systems such as GNU, Linux, FreeBSD and others developed using collaborative and "open source" techniques have gained popularity with highly technical users, and some integrators. Some of SCO's competitors may exploit this technology to build competitive products, or the market for SCO's products may be reduced by either technical users using these products or the products becoming easier to use and more stable. In addition, certain competitive products may have advantages compared to certain SCO products. Microsoft Windows NT has greater name recognition than the Company's products and is being designed to run on a greater range of processors. The Company's exclusive focus on system software may be a competitive disadvantage to those competitors which offer a wider range of products. The Company may also be at a disadvantage relative to those competitors who have greater financial resources, larger technical staffs, and more extensive marketing and distribution capabilities. There can be no assurance that either existing or new competitors will not develop products that are superior to the Company's products for basic desktop and certain server applications for the UNIX System. If competition were to cause the Company to reduce its prices significantly, the Company's results of operations could be adversely affected. The Company's future success will depend in large part on the following conditions: the continued growth of the UNIX market for business and governmental organizations, the Company's ability to continue to license additional products and product enhancements to existing customers, and the ability to identify and market its products to new markets and customers. There can be no assurance that future competition will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. The Company's strategy is to offer products that conform to industry standards. Industry standards may be established by organizations composed of vendors, by government agencies, by academic institutions, or by market acceptance. Industry standards typically are based on specifications for which there can be competing implementations. Because standards are open (not proprietary), competitors can readily access the technology to include in their products, and SCO does not believe that offering products conforming to industry standards will provide SCO with a competitive advantage. The Company's products are offered primarily for multi-user computer environments on Intel CPU-based computers. The market for MS-DOS and Windows on personal computers for personal productivity is substantially larger than 12 15 the market for UNIX Systems on Intel CPU-based computers. Because the Company competes in a smaller market than the personal productivity market addressed by MS-DOS and Windows, the Company's potential for future growth will depend in part on the extent to which the UNIX market continues to grow. The existence of a number of different versions of UNIX operating systems may have adversely affected the growth of the UNIX market compared to alternative operating systems. However, the emergence of such technologies as the Internet, the World Wide Web, Java, network computers and the TCP/IP networking protocol as de facto industry standards has helped strengthen the position of UNIX system as an operating system that functions consistently across a broad range of hardware platforms and computing architectures such as Host, Client/Server and now Network Computing. In addition, SCO is working with The Open Group, a major international standards group, to support the implementation of standard application programming interfaces (APIs) that will support applications compatibility across different versions of UNIX systems. To date, SCO and other major UNIX vendors have adopted varying schedules for compliance with these API specifications, and there can be no assurance this effort will be successful. SCO's Tarantella product faces competition from products using technologies to deploy applications -- such as terminal emulation, compression systems, virtual private networks -- and also faces competition from products taking a similar approach to web-enabling applications. These include offerings from companies such as WRQ, Hummingbird and GraphOn. In addition, products that deploy Windows applications only can be configured with additional functions such as terminal emulators to provide functional behavior similar to that of Tarantella. These products include CITRIX, NCD WinCenter, and Microsoft Windows Terminal Server. SCO is targeting Tarantella products and services into the enterprise market where SCO does not have a strong range of partners and where the SCO brand is little known, making alternative suppliers a competitive threat. SCO's Tarantella products run on Solaris, AIX, HP/UX and other UNIX operating systems, and therefore are dependant on continued use of these products in the target markets. Tarantella aims to support many different server types and client types, but it is possible that client or server vendors could "close" access to their products to prevent customers from using Tarantella. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS The Company attempts to protect its software with a combination of copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, license agreements, and other methods of protection. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy certain portions of the Company's products or reverse engineer or obtain and use information the Company regards as proprietary. While the Company's competitive position may be affected by its ability to protect its intellectual property rights, the Company believes that trademark and copyright protections are less significant to the Company's success than other factors, such as the knowledge, ability, and experience of the Company's personnel, name recognition, and ongoing product development and support. The Company's software products are generally licensed to end users on a "right-to-use" basis pursuant to a perpetual license. The Company licenses its products to end users primarily under "shrink-wrap" license (i.e., licenses included as part of the product packaging). Shrink-wrap licenses, which are not negotiated with or signed by individual end-user licensees, are intended to take effect upon opening of the product package. Certain provisions of such licenses, including provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, and disclosure of the licensed product, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect the Company's intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. As the number of software products in the industry increases and the functionality of these products further overlaps, the Company believes that software products will increasingly become subject to infringement claims. There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims against the Company and/or against the Company's suppliers of technology. In general, the Company's suppliers have agreed to indemnify the Company in the event any such claim involves supplier-provided software or technology, but any such claim, whether or not involving a supplier, could require the Company to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation. The Company depends on the availability of technology from third parties. Most of the software licensed by the Company is written to comply with industry standards and because the licensor is seeking to broaden its market it is made widely available on a non-exclusive basis by the licensor. As a result, this software is also readily available to competitors of the Company which want to incorporate such software into their products. The loss of any significant third-party license or the inability to license additional technology as required, could have a materially adverse effect on the Company's results of operations until such time as the Company could replace such technology. 13 16 EMPLOYEES As of September 30, 1998, the Company had 1,136 employees, including 363 in product development, 380 in sales and marketing, 152 in customer support services, and 241 in finance, manufacturing and distribution services and administration. The Company's success depends in part on its executive officers, none of whom are subject to long-term employment contracts. The loss of any current executive officer could adversely affect the Company's business. The success of the Company also depends in part on its ability to attract and retain qualified technical, managerial, and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense in the software industry and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company is headquartered in Santa Cruz, California, where it leases administrative, sales and marketing, product development and distribution facilities. The Company leases additional facilities for administration, sales and marketing and product development in Murray Hill, New Jersey and Watford, England. The leases for the Company's facilities expire at various dates through 2020. The Company has renewal options, at fair market value, under many of these leases and believes that in any event additional or alternative space adequate to serve the Company's foreseeable needs would be available on commercially reasonable terms. The Company's field operations occupy leased facilities in 12 locations in the United States. In addition, the Company's subsidiaries and sales and representative offices in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Singapore, Australia, China and Mexico lease space for their operations. Worldwide, the Company leases property in 38 locations consisting of an aggregate of approximately 370,000 square feet. The Company believes that these facilities are adequate for its needs in the foreseeable future. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS No material legal proceedings are pending to which the Company is a party or to which any property of the Company is subject. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth fiscal quarter of 1998. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT The executive officers of the Company as of September 30, 1998 were as follows:
Name Age Position with the Company - ---- --- ------------------------- Douglas L. Michels 44 President and Chief Executive Officer Ray Anderson 40 Senior Vice President, Marketing John Luhtala 55 Senior Vice President, Operations, and Chief Financial Officer David McCrabb 50 Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Field Operations Jack Moyer 49 Senior Vice President, Human Resources Steve Sabbath 51 Senior Vice President, Law and Corporate Affairs, and Secretary Geoff Seabrook 50 Senior Vice President, Corporate Development James Wilt 52 Senior Vice President, Products
14 17 Mr. Michels was named President and Chief Executive Officer in April 1998. Mr. Michels is the principal architect of the Company's technology strategy and served as the head of product development between June 1997 and April 1998 and as Chief Technical Officer between February 1993 and June 1997. Mr. Michels has been a director of the Company since 1979 and served as the Company's Executive Vice President between 1979, when he co-founded the Company, and April 1998. Mr. Michels is one of the founders of Uniforum, a UNIX(R) user consortium, and served as its President from 1989 to 1990. Mr. Anderson was named Senior Vice President, Marketing in April 1998. Between June 1997 and April 1998, he served as Senior Vice President, Marketing, Products Division. Between December 1994 and June 1997, Mr. Anderson served as Senior Vice President and Managing Director, Client Integration Division. Mr. Anderson was named Senior Vice President of SCO and Managing Director of IXI Limited when SCO acquired IXI Limited in February 1993. Mr. Anderson was a founder of IXI Limited and served as its Managing Director commencing in 1987. Mr. Luhtala was named Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in January 1997. Prior to joining the Company, between May 1996 and December 1996, Mr. Luhtala served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Mergers, Acquisitions and Joint Ventures at SyQuest Technology. From February 1987 to May 1996, Mr. Luhtala served in various financial management positions with Amdahl. Mr. McCrabb was named Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Field Operations in April 1998. Between January 1995 and June 1997, he served as Vice President, Marketing and Channel Sales, then as Senior Vice President, Market Planning between July 1997 and April 1998 . Prior to joining the Company, Mr. McCrabb served as Vice President and General Manager for Applied Digital Data Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of NCR, since February 1994. From November 1989 to February 1992, he served as Vice President, Sales and Marketing for Primary Access Corporation. Mr. Moyer was named Senior Vice President, Human Resources in January 1998. He has served as Vice President, Human Resources since August 1995. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Moyer served as Vice President, Human Resources for the following companies: Ore Ida Foods from 1992 to August 1995; Maspar Computer Corporation from November 1991 until November 1992; Businessland from January 1985 until November 1991. Mr. Moyer's senior human resources management experience also includes positions at National Mirconetics, Inc. and National Semiconductor Corp. Mr. Sabbath was named Senior Vice President, Law and Corporate Affairs, and Secretary in January 1998. Between 1993 and 1997, he served as Vice President, Law and Corporate Affairs, and Secretary and served as Vice President, Legal Affairs between 1991 and 1993. Prior to joining the Company, between February 1988 and January 1991, Mr. Sabbath was the Deputy General Counsel for Sun Microsystems, Inc., a manufacturer of UNIX system-based hardware and software. Mr. Seabrook was named Senior Vice President, Corporate Development in April 1998. Since joining the Company in 1989, Mr. Seabrook has held a number of strategic positions, including Senior Vice President and General Manager, EMEIA. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Seabrook served as Vice President International Operations at Century Data Inc. Mr. Wilt was named Senior Vice President, Products in April 1998. Since joining the Company in 1983, Mr. Wilt has held a number of strategic positions both in the U.S. and in Europe including those of Vice President, Business Development and Vice President, International. Mr. Wilt formerly held management positions in sales, marketing, and planning at Xerox, Honeywell and Amdahl. 15 18 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The following required information is filed as a part of the report: The Company has not paid cash dividends on its common stock. The Company's common stock is traded over-the-counter and is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "SCOC". The following table sets forth the range of high and low closing sale prices for the Common Stock:
Low Sale Price High Sale Price -------------- --------------- Fiscal 1997: First Quarter 6-1/4 7-3/8 Second Quarter 6-1/4 8-1/2 Third Quarter 3-1/4 6-5/16 Fourth Quarter 3-11/16 7-1/16 Fiscal 1998: First Quarter 4 6-3/8 Second Quarter 3-3/8 5-5/16 Third Quarter 3-7/8 6-3/8 Fourth Quarter 2-3/4 4-15/16
On December 15, 1998, there were approximately 7,200 holders of the Company's Common Stock. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The information set forth on page 10 of the 1998 Annual Report to Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The information set forth on pages 11 through 17 of the 1998 Annual Report to Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The following financial statements and supplementary financial information for the Company and reports of independent accountants set forth on pages 18 through 33 of the 1998 Annual Report to Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference. o Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 1998 o Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 1998 and 1997 o Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 1998 o Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 1998 o Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements o Reports of Independent Accountants o Quarterly Financial Information ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES On December 30, 1997, the Company changed its independent auditors from KPMG Peat Marwick LLP to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as previously reported on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 7, 1998 (File No 0-21484). There were no disagreements with any of the Company's independent accountants during the fiscal year ended September 30, 1998. 16 19 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT Information with respect to Directors may be found under the caption "Election of Directors" of the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held February 23, 1999 (the "Proxy Statement"). Such information is incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to Executive Officers and Officers may be found on pages 14 through 15 hereof, under the caption "Executive Officers and Officers of the Registrant." ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information set forth under the caption "Executive Compensation and Other Matters" of the Company's Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The information set forth under the caption "Record Date and Principal Share Ownership" of the Company's Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS The information set forth under the captions "Certain Transactions with Management" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" of the Company's Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. 17 20 PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) Documents filed as part of Form 10-K 1. Financial Statements The financial statements of the Company as set forth under Item 8 of this report on Form 10-K are incorporated herein by reference. 2. Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule Page Number Description Number ------ ----------- ------ II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 22
The independent auditors' report with respect to the above-listed financial statement schedule appears on page 21 of this report on Form 10-K. Financial statement schedules other than those listed above have been omitted since they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. 3. Exhibit Listing
Exhibit Number Description ------- ----------- 2.0 Asset Purchase Agreement By and Between The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and Novell, Inc. (4) 3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation of Registrant. (2) 3.2 Bylaws of Registrant, as amended. (5) 4.1 Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Registrant. (1) 10.11 Software License Agreement with Locus Computing Corporation effective January 11, 1989. (1) 10.12 Lease with Encinal Partnership No. 1 commencing May 1, 1991 (100 Pioneer Street). (1) 10.13 Lease with Encinal Partnership No. 1 commencing January 1, 1989 (425 Encinal Street). (1) 10.14 Lease with Wave Crest Development, Inc. commencing August 1, 1987 (440 Encinal Street). (1) 10.15 Lease with Wave Crest Development, Inc. commencing June 1, 1988 (400 Encinal Street). (1) 10.16 Lease with Wave Crest Development, Inc. commencing July 1, 1988 (399 Encinal Street). (1) 10.17 Form of Indemnification Agreement. (1) 10.18 Master Registration Rights Agreement as amended. (1) 10.19 1993 Stock Purchase Plan and form of Stock Purchase Agreement. (3)(7) 10.20 1994 Incentive Stock Option Plan and form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (3)(7) 10.21 401(k) Plan, as amended. (1) (7) 10.23 Revised 1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (5) (7) 10.24 1993 Director Stock Option Plan. (1) (7) 10.34 Shareholders' Rights Agreement. (6) 10.35 Change-in-control agreement between the Company and certain key management. (7) 10.36 Employment Agreement with Alok Mohan. 13 Annual Report to Shareholders. 21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant.
18 21
Exhibit Number Description ------- ----------- 23.1 Consent of Independent Auditors. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule
(1) Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement 33-60548 on Form S-1. (2) Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on December 24, 1993. (3) Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on December 23, 1994. (4) Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on December 20, 1995. (5) Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on December 22, 1995. (6) Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-A12G filed on September 18, 1997. (7) Designates management contracts or compensatory plans, contracts or arrangements. (b) Reports on Form 8-K. No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the last quarter of fiscal 1998. 19 22 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. By: /s/ John W. Luhtala By: /s/ Steven M. Sabbath ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------- John W. Luhtala Steven M. Sabbath Senior Vice President, Operations, Senior Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer Law and Corporate Affairs & Secretary Date: December 23, 1998 Date: December 23, 1998 KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THEIR PRESENCE, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Steven M. Sabbath, his attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: /s/ Douglas L. Michels - ---------------------------------- Douglas L. Michels President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Date: December 23, 1998 /s/ Alok Mohan /s/ Robert M. McClure - ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Alok Mohan Robert M. McClure Chairman of the Board of Directors Director Date: December 23, 1998 Date: December 23, 1998 /s/ Glenn Ricart /s/ Gilbert P. Williamson - ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Glenn Ricart Gilbert P. Williamson Director Director Date: December 23, 1998 Date: December 23, 1998 /s/ Ronald Lachman /s/ Jean-Francois Heitz - ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Ronald Lachman Jean-Francois Heitz Director Director Date: December 23, 1998 Date: December 23, 1998 /s/ Ninian Eadie /s/ R. Duff Thompson - ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Ninian Eadie R. Duff Thompson Director Director Date: December 23, 1998 Date: December 23, 1998 20 23 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT The Board of Directors and Shareholders of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.: Under date of October 23, 1998, except for Note 7 which is as of December 11, 1998, we reported on the consolidated balance sheet of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 1998, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for the year ended September 30, 1998, as contained in the 1998 annual report to shareholders. These consolidated financial statements and our report thereon are incorporated by reference in the annual report on Form 10-K for the year 1998. In connection with our audit of the aforementioned consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the related financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index. This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement schedule based on our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, California October 23, 1998 The Board of Directors and Shareholders of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.: Under date of October 22, 1997, we reported on the consolidated balance sheet of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 1997, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 1997. These consolidated financial statements and our report thereon are incorporated by reference in the annual report on Form 10-K for the year 1998. In connection with our audits of the aforementioned consolidated financial statements, we also audited the related financial statement schedule as of and for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 1997, as listed in the accompanying index. This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement schedule based on our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein of and for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 1997. /s/ KPMG Peat Marwick LLP Mountain View, California October 22, 1997 21 24 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. SCHEDULE II/RULE 5-04 VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1998, 1997 AND 1996 (In thousands)
BALANCE AT CHARGED TO BALANCE BEGINNING REVENUES OR AT END OF DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD EXPENSES DEDUCTIONS PERIOD ---------- ------------ ---------- --------- Year Ended September 30, 1998 Allowance for returns $ 9,136 $ 18,200 $ 17,093 $ 10,243 Allowance for doubtful accounts 1,743 (132) 66 1,545 -------- -------- -------- -------- Total allowance $ 10,879 $ 18,068 $ 17,159 $ 11,788 ======== ======== ======== ======== Year Ended September 30, 1997 Allowance for returns $ 9,245 $ 33,115 $ 33,224 $ 9,136 Allowance for doubtful accounts 1,885 349 491 1,743 -------- -------- -------- -------- Total allowance $ 11,130 $ 33,464 $ 33,715 $ 10,879 ======== ======== ======== ======== Year Ended September 30, 1996 Allowance for returns $ 11,110 $ 24,643 $ 26,508 $ 9,245 Allowance for doubtful accounts 2,285 635 1,035 1,885 -------- -------- -------- -------- Total allowance $ 13,395 $ 25,278 $ 27,543 $ 11,130 ======== ======== ======== ========
22 25 INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number Description ------- ----------- 2.0 Asset Purchase Agreement By and Between The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and Novell, Inc. (4) 3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation of Registrant. (2) 3.2 Bylaws of Registrant, as amended. (5) 4.1 Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Registrant. (1) 10.11 Software License Agreement with Locus Computing Corporation effective January 11, 1989. (1) 10.12 Lease with Encinal Partnership No. 1 commencing May 1, 1991 (100 Pioneer Street). (1) 10.13 Lease with Encinal Partnership No. 1 commencing January 1, 1989 (425 Encinal Street). (1) 10.14 Lease with Wave Crest Development, Inc. commencing August 1, 1987 (440 Encinal Street). (1) 10.15 Lease with Wave Crest Development, Inc. commencing June 1, 1988 (400 Encinal Street). (1) 10.16 Lease with Wave Crest Development, Inc. commencing July 1, 1988 (399 Encinal Street). (1) 10.17 Form of Indemnification Agreement. (1) 10.18 Master Registration Rights Agreement as amended. (1) 10.19 1993 Stock Purchase Plan and form of Stock Purchase Agreement. (3)(7) 10.20 1994 Incentive Stock Option Plan and form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (3)(7) 10.21 401(k) Plan, as amended. (1)(7) 10.23 Revised 1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (5)(7) 10.24 1993 Director Stock Option Plan. (1)(7) 10.34 Shareholders' Rights Agreement. (6) 10.35 Change-in-control agreement between the Company and certain key management. (7) 10.36 Employment Agreement with Alok Mohan. 13 Annual Report to Shareholders. 21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant. 23.1 Consent of Independent Auditors. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule
(1) Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement 33-60548 on Form S-1. (2) Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on December 24, 1993. (3) Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on December 23, 1994. (4) Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on December 20, 1995. (5) Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on December 22, 1995. (6) Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-A12G filed on September 18, 1997. (7) Designates management contracts or compensatory plans, contracts or arrangements.
EX-10.35 2 CHANGE-IN-CONTROL AGREEMENT 1 EXHIBIT 10.35 CHANGE-IN-CONTROL AGREEMENT 4 June 1997 Dear : The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc., a California corporation (the "Company"), considers it essential to the best interests of its shareholders to take reasonable steps to retain key management personnel. Further, the Board of Directors of the Company, through its Compensation Committee (the "Committee") recognizes that the uncertainty and questions which might arise among management in the context of a change in control of the Company could result in the distraction or departure of management personnel to the detriment of the Company and its shareholders. The Committee has determined, therefore, that appropriate steps should be taken to reinforce and encourage the continued attention and dedication of members of the management of the Company and its subsidiaries to their assigned duties without distraction in the face of potentially disturbing circumstances arising from any possible change in control of the Company. In order to induce you to remain in the employ of the Company, the Company has determined to enter into this letter agreement (this "Agreement") which addresses the terms and conditions of your employment in the event of a change in control of the Company. Term of Employment Under this Agreement. The term of your employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Change in Control Date and shall continue until the six month anniversary of the Change in Control Date (the "Term"). Termination Payments and Other Benefits. If, during the term of this Agreement, the Involuntary Termination of your employment, as defined in item (g) of the definitions, occurs in connection with a change in control, you shall be entitled to receive a termination payment from the Company (the "Termination Payment"). The Termination Payment shall be made in a lump sum not more than five days following the date of the Termination. The amount of the Termination Payment shall be equal to the product of six times your Total Monthly Compensation including targeted bonuses at 100% attainment. You shall also receive the full base salary for the month in which the Involuntary Termination occurs. In the event of your Involuntary Termination during the Term, you and your eligible dependents shall continue to be eligible to participate during the Benefit Continuation Period (as hereinafter defined) in medical, dental, health, life, long-term disability and other fringe benefit plans and arrangements applicable to you immediately prior to your Involuntary Termination on the same terms and conditions in effect for you and your dependents immediately prior to such Involuntary Termination. For purposes of the previous sentence, "Benefit Continuation Period" means the period beginning on the Date of Termination and ending on the earlier to occur (i) the six month anniversary of the Date of Termination and (ii) the date that you and your dependents are eligible and elect coverage under the plans of a subsequent employer which provide substantially equivalent or greater benefits to you and your dependents. To the extent that such benefits or service credit for benefits are not payable or provided under such plans or programs the Company itself shall pay or provide payment of such benefits or service credit for benefits. For the purposes of this section, vacation, sick leave, stock option or stock purchase plans or agreements shall not be considered "employee benefit plans or programs." Also, for purposes of this section, coverage under the disability plans, life insurance or other death benefit plans provided to you by a new employer shall not be deemed to be "substantially equivalent" to the corresponding coverage provided under this section unless the dollar amount thereof is substantially the same or greater. In addition, if you have been utilizing the services of a tax preparer and/or advisor (e.g. Coopers & Lybrand) at the expense of the Company, you shall be entitled to receive such services at Company's expense with respect to the tax year in which your employment terminates and the next subsequent tax year. Your right to the Termination Payment shall be conditioned upon your execution of a release in favor of the Company in substantially the form of the release required for the receipt of severance payments under the Severance Plan (as in effect on the date of this Agreement) which is not revoked by you within the revocation period specified therein. You shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for in this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment or benefit provided for in this Agreement be reduced by any compensation earned by you as the result of employment by another employer or by pension benefits paid by 2 the Company or another employer after the Date of Termination or otherwise except as specifically provided in clause (ii) of the last sentence of the Benefit Payment provision set forth in section 2(b) above. Stock Options All stock options granted to you shall vest and become fully exercisable in the event of your Termination on or following the Change in Control Date so long as you remain an employee on the Change in Control Date. Confidential Information You agree not to disclose, either while in the Company's employ or at any time thereafter, to any person not employed by the Company and not engaged to render services to the Company any confidential information obtained while in the employ of the Company (including, without limitation, any of the Company's inventions, processes, methods of distribution, customer or trade secrets). This section shall not preclude you from the use or disclosure of information known generally to the public or of information not considered confidential by the Company or from making disclosures required by law or court order. You agree that upon leaving the Company's employ, you will not remove from the Company's possession, without the prior written consent of an officer authorized to act in the matter by the Board of Directors, any business plans, financial information, product pricing information, or other documents which are of a confidential nature (including, without limitation, its methods of distribution). You agree to continue to abide by the terms and conditions of the Proprietary Information Agreement signed upon the commencement of your employment with Company. Limitation on Payments In the event that the Termination Payment together with all other payments and the value of any benefit received or to be received by you in connection with the Termination or otherwise (i) constitutes a "parachute payment" within the meaning of Section 280G (b) (2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Code") and (ii) such Termination Payment, together with all other payments or benefits which constitute "parachute payments" within the meaning of Section 280G (b) (2) would result in all or a portion of such termination payment being subject to excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code, then you Termination Payment shall be either: the amount determined under sections 2 and 3; or such lesser amount which would result in no portion of the severance pay being subject to excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicable Federal, State and local income taxes and the excise tax imposed by Section 4999, results in your receipt, on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of Termination Pay under sections 2 and 3, notwithstanding that all of some portion of the Termination Payment may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. For purposes of applying the applicable limitation of section 5(a), the following provisions shall be in effect. The parachute payment attributable to the accelerated vesting of your options under Section 3.2 of this Agreement shall be calculated in accordance with the valuation methodology established under Internal Revenue Code Section 280G and the applicable Treasury Regulations thereunder (including Q&A 24 of Section 1.280G-1 of the proposed Treasury Regulations) and shall include an appropriate dollar amount (utilizing the 1% per month formula set forth in such Q&A 24) to reflect the lapse of your obligation to remain in the Company's employ as a condition to the vesting of one or more of the accelerated option installments. In no event, however, shall such option parachute payment exceed the spread (the excess of the fair market value of the accelerated option shares over the option exercise price payable for those shares) existing at the time of acceleration. Should it become necessary to reduce part of your termination benefits under this Agreement so as not to exceed the applicable section 5(a) limitation, then such reduction shall be effected, solely to the extent necessary to avoid an excess payment under section 56(a), by an appropriate reduction in the dollar amount of the Termination Payment otherwise due to you under section 2. Assumption by Successor. The Company will require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company expressly to assume and to agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform it if no such succession had taken place; provided, however, that no such assumption shall relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. As used in this Agreement, the "company" shall mean the Company as hereinbefore defined any successor to its business and/or assets as aforesaid which assumes and agrees to perform this Agreement by operation of law or otherwise. 3 Enforceability; Beneficiaries. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of you and your heirs and the Company and any organization which succeeds to substantially all of the business or assets of the Company, whether by means of merger, consolidation, acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or otherwise, including, without limitation, as a result of a Change in Control or by operation of law. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by your personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, and heirs. If you should die while any amount would still be payable to you hereunder if you had continued to live, all such amounts, unless otherwise provided herein, shall be paid in accordance with the terms of this Agreement to your designee or estate. No Contract of Employment. Your employment is at will. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as giving you any right to be retained in the employ of the Company or shall affect the terms and conditions of your employment with the Company prior to the commencement of the term hereof. Withholding. Amounts paid to you hereunder shall be subject to all applicable federal, state and local withholding taxes. Notices. Any purported termination of your employment by the Company or by you shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party hereto. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" shall mean a notice which shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of your employment under the provisions so indicated. All notices, requests, and other communications contemplated by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be sufficiently given if mailed in the continental United States by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or personally delivered to the party entitled thereto at the address stated below (or to such changed address as the addressee may have given by a similar notice): To the Company: Attention: Chief Executive Officer 400 Encinal Street Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Any notice delivered in person shall be deemed to have been received on the date of delivery. Any notices delivered by mail shall be deemed to have been received on the date of acknowledgment of its receipt. No Setoff. There shall be no right of setoff or counterclaim, with respect to any claim, debt, or obligation, against payments to you under this Agreement. Death or Incompetence. In the event of your death or a judicial determination of your incompetence, references in this Agreement to you shall, where appropriate, be deemed to refer to your beneficiary or beneficiaries or, if none, to your legal representative. The term "beneficiary," as used in this Agreement, shall mean a beneficiary or beneficiaries designated to receive any amount hereunder or, if no beneficiary has been so designated, the legal representative of your estate. No Assignment. No right, benefit or interest hereunder shall be subject to anticipation, alienation, sale, assignment, encumbrance, charge, pledge, hypothecation, execution, forfeiture, attachment, levy, or similar process or assignment by operation of law by you. Any attempt, voluntary or involuntary, to effect any action specified in the preceding sentence shall, to the full extent permitted by law, be null, void, and of no effect. Company's Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company and any successor of the Company (including, without limitation, any corporation or other entity which directly or indirectly acquires all or substantially all of the assets or shares of the Company, whether by merger, consolidation, sale, or otherwise) but shall not otherwise be assignable by the Company. The Company shall require that any such successor expressly assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform this Agreement if no succession had taken place. Waivers and Amendments. No provision of the Agreement shall be amended or waived unless such amendment or waiver is authorized by the Board of Directors or any authorized committee of the Board of Directors and is agreed to in writing and signed by you and by an officer of the Company. No waiver by either party hereto of any breach by the other party hereto of any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party shall be deemed a waiver of a similar or dissimilar provision or condition at the same or at any prior or subsequent time. The waiver by one party of the performance of any covenant, condition or promise in this Agreement shall not invalidate 4 this Agreement, nor shall it be considered a waiver by such party of any other covenant, condition or promise hereunder. A waiver by either party or both parties of the time for performing any acts shall not constitute a waiver of the time for performing any other act of any identical act required to be performed by any party. Arbitration. In the event that any dispute arises hereunder, such dispute shall, at the election and upon written demand of either party, be finally determined by arbitration in the City of San Jose in accordance with the rules and procedures of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment upon the award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Choice of Law. The validity, interpretation, construction, performance, and enforcement of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of California, without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof. Headings. The titles of sections in the Agreement are intended solely for convenience, and no provision of this Agreement is to be construed by reference to the title of any section. Severability. In the event that any provision or portion of this Agreement is determined by arbitration or by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason, the remaining provisions and portions of this Agreement shall be unaffected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect to the fullest extent permitted by law. Specific Performance. The Company and you recognize that each party will have no adequate remedy at law for breach by the other of any of the agreements contained herein and, in the event of any such breach, the Company and you hereby agree and consent that the other shall be entitled to a decree of specific performance, mandamus, or other appropriate remedy to enforce performance of such agreements. Presumption. The Company shall make a payment described in this Agreement upon receiving written notice from you describing such payment, referring to the provision of this Agreement under which such payment is claimed and certifying that all conditions for such payment, as set forth in this Agreement, have been satisfied. The information so furnished to the Company by you shall be presumed to be correct, subject to rebuttal by the Company. Entire Agreement. This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and during the term of this Agreement supersedes the provisions of all prior agreements, promises, covenants, arrangements, communications, representations or warranties, whether oral or written, by any officer, employee or representative of any party hereto with respect to the subject matter contained herein. Definitions. "Cause" shall mean a termination of your employment during the term which is a result of (i) your felony conviction, (ii) your willful disclosure of material trade secrets or other material confidential information related to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries or (iii) your willful and continued failure substantially to perform your duties with the Company (other than any such failure resulting from your incapacity due to physical or mental illness or any such actual or anticipated failure resulting from a resignation by you for Good Reason) after a written demand for performance is delivered to you by the Company, which demand specifically identifies the manner in which the Company believes that you have not substantially performed your duties, and which performance is not substantially corrected by you within 10 days of receipt of such demand. For purposes of the previous sentence, no act or failure to act on your part shall be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by you not in good faith and without reasonable belief that your action or omission was in the best interest of the Company. "Change in Control" shall mean change of control as defined in the 1994 Incentive Stock Option Plan; i.e. (i) when any "person," as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (other than the Company, a Subsidiary or a Company employee benefit plan, including any trustee of such plan acting as trustee) is or becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the combined voting power of the Company's then outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors; or (ii) a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or the stockholders of the Company approve an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all the Company's assets; or (iii) a change in the composition of the board of Directors of the Company occurring within a two-year period, as a result of which fewer than a majority of the directors are Incumbent Directors. "Incumbent Directors shall mean directors who either (A) are directors of the Company as of the date hereof, or (B) are elected, or nominated for election, to the Board of Directors of the Company with the affirmative votes of a least a majority of the Incumbent Directors at the time of such election or nomination (but shall not include an individual whose election or nomination is in connection with an actual or threatened proxy contest relating to the election of directors to the Company). 5 "Change in Control Date" shall mean the earliest of (i) the date on which the Change in Control occurs, (ii) the date on which the Company executes an agreement, the consummation of which would result in the occurrence of a Change in Control, and (iii) the date the Board approves a transaction or series of transactions, the consummation of which would result in a Change in Control. If the Change in Control Date occurs as a result of an agreement described in clause (ii) of the previous sentence or as a result of the approval of the board described in clause (iii) of the previous sentence and the Change in Control to which such agreement or approval relates (the "Contemplated Change in Control") subsequently does not occur, then the term shall expire on the sixtieth day (the "Reset Date") following the date the Board certifies by resolution duly adopted by a majority of the Directors then in office that the Contemplated Change in Control is not reasonably likely to occur; provided, however, that this sentence shall not apply if (A) an Involuntary Termination of your employment with the Company has occurred on and after the Change in Control Date and on or prior to the Reset Date of (B) the Contemplated Change in Control subsequently occurs within three months of the Reset Date. Following the Reset Date, the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect and a new Term shall commence upon the occurrence of a subsequent Change in Control Date. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this section, if your employment with the Company terminates prior to the Change in Control Date and it is reasonably demonstrated that your termination of employment (i) was at the request of the third party who has taken steps reasonably calculated to effect the Change in Control or (ii) otherwise arose in connection with or in anticipation of the Change in Control, then Change in Control Date shall remain the date immediately prior to the date of your termination of employment. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as it may be amended. "Company" means the Company, all Subsidiaries and any corporation owning not less than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of outstanding shares of the Company. "Good Reason" shall mean a resignation of your employment during the term as a result of any of the following: A reduction by the Company in your annual base salary as in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control Date or as the same may be increased from time to time thereafter; a failure by the Company to increase your salary at a rate commensurate with that of other key executives of the Company; or a reduction in your target annual bonus (expressed as a percentage of base salary) below the target in effect for you on the Change in Control Date; The relocation of the office of the Company where you are employed immediately prior to the Change in Control Date (the "Location") to a location which, in your good faith assessment, would cause a hardship in commuting from your principal residence. The failure by the Company to continue in effect any compensation plan in which you participated prior to the Change in Control Date or made available to you after the Change in Control Date, unless an equitable arrangement has been made with respect to such plan in connection with the Change in Control, or the failure by the Company to continue your participation therein on at least as favorable a basis, both in terms of the amount of benefits provided and the level of your participation relative to other participants, as existed on the Change in Control Date: The failure by the Company to continue to provide you with benefits at least as favorable in the aggregate to those enjoyed by you under the Company's pension, savings, life insurance, health, disability, and fringe benefit plans and programs (including, without limitation, programs, if any, relating to use of a car, secretary, office space, telephones, expense reimbursement) in which you were participating immediately prior to the change in Control Date; or the failure by the company to provide you with the number of paid vacation days to which you are entitled on the basis of years of service with the Company in accordance with the Company's normal vacation policy in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control; Any termination of your employment which is not effected pursuant to the terms of this Agreement; or A material breach by the company of the provisions of this Agreement; provided, however, that an event described above in clause (ii), (iv), (v) or (vii) shall not constitute Good Reason unless it is communicated by you to the Company in writing and is not corrected by the Company in a manner which is reasonably satisfactory to you (including full retroactive correction with respect to any monetary matter) within 10 days of the Company's receipt of such written notice from you. "Involuntary Termination" shall mean (i) the termination of your employment by the Company and/or its subsidiaries during the Term other than for Cause or Disability or (ii) your resignation of employment with the Company and its subsidiaries during the Term for Good Reason. "Subsidiary" means any corporation, if the Company and/or one or more other Subsidiaries own not less than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of outstanding stock of such corporation. A corporation 6 that attains the status of a Subsidiary on a date after the execution of this Agreement shall be considered a Subsidiary commencing as of such date. "Total Monthly Compensation" means the sum of your monthly salary plus targeted bonus at the rate in effect immediately prior to the Termination, but in no event less than your monthly salary at the rate in effect on the date of this Agreement. This letter sets forth our agreement on the subject matter hereof. Please sign and return this Agreement to Steve Sabbath in the Legal Department. Sincerely, The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. - ------------------------------- Jack Moyer Agreed: - -------------------------------- EX-10.36 3 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT W/ ALOK MOHAN 1 EXHIBIT 10.36 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT WITH ALOK MOHAN The following summarizes the agreement between SCO and Alok Mohan effective with the appointment of a new President & CEO. Effective with the appointment of a new President & CEO for SCO, Alok shall become an advisor to the Company. The term of this agreement will be for one year, and the board shall give him notice not later than 90 days prior to the expiration of the term of the agreement, of their intention as to renewal for an additional year. He shall remain as an employee while serving as an advisor and shall be entitled to the same benefits as enjoyed by other officers of SCO. As an advisor while remaining as an employee of the Company, Alok shall be compensated as follows: o Term of this agreement shall be for one year commencing on the date the newly elected CEO takes office. Such agreement may be extended beyond this one year term at the request of the CEO and acceptability of the Board. o Base Salary to be $200,000 per year with an annual bonus opportunity of $152,000 at target. His bonus shall be based on the Corporate Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 1998 and any subsequent years. o Alok shall be expected to give SCO in his new role as an advisor, between 25% and 50% of his available work time during the term of this agreement. o He will continue to vest in the stock options he has been granted during the term of his tenure as an advisor to the Company. o This agreement shall cover customary travel and entertainment normally accorded to someone in this position, including travel between Dayton and Santa Cruz. o His focus in this role will be: o Assist in the transition of General Management responsibilities to the new CEO. o Provide ongoing advice and counsel, as requested and needed by the new CEO. o Assist the CEO with Board matters and other issues of importance to the Corporation. o Identify and develop potential incubators which are critical to and capable of providing a "third pillar" for SCO's product strategy. o Assist SCO management in identifying and working with potential acquisitions. It has been suggested by Alok, and that suggestion is supported by Doug as the new CEO, that he serve as Chairman of the Board. If he is so elected, such election does not alter the terms and conditions of this agreement and no additional compensation shall be provided. EX-13 4 ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS 1 EXHIBIT 13 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. SELECTED FIVE YEAR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, -------------------------------------------------------------------- (In thousands, except per share data) 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net revenues $ 171,900 $ 193,660 $ 207,890 $ 199,329 $ 184,068 Cost of revenues 45,898 55,315 54,402 54,133 51,953 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross margin 126,002 138,345 153,488 145,196 132,115 Operating expenses 139,595 154,939 177,069 151,688 113,490 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating income (loss) (13,593) (16,594) (23,581) (6,492) 18,625 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other income (expense): Interest income, net 2,261 2,291 2,302 2,703 1,829 Other income (expense), net 226 (866) (394) (363) (561) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income (loss) before income taxes (11,106) (15,169) (21,673) (4,152) 19,893 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income taxes 3,559 1 741 1,956 5,647 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income (loss) $ (14,665) $ (15,170) $ (22,414) $ (6,108) $ 14,246 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income (loss) per share-basic $ (0.41) $ (0.41) $ (0.62) $ (0.20) $ 0.47 Income (loss) per share-diluted $ (0.41) $ (0.41) $ (0.62) $ (0.20) $ 0.45 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shares used in per share calculation-basic 35,817 36,628 36,179 30,922 30,171 Shares used in per share calculation-diluted 35,817 36,628 36,179 30,922 31,941 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 30, -------------------------------------------------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Working capital $ 33,320 $ 46,164 $ 61,935 $ 60,539 $ 77,291 Total assets 132,683 146,665 166,807 131,870 138,574 Long-term obligations 13,126 9,545 9,332 7,521 1,084 Shareholders' equity 60,135 81,462 101,581 82,182 89,644 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW SCO's mission is to be the software provider that system builders choose for Network Computing. SCO is the world's leading supplier of UNIX server and host systems, with a worldwide market share of over 40%, and worldwide market share of 80% for UNIX Systems on the Intel platform. SCO sells and supports its products through a worldwide network of distributors, resellers, system integrators and OEMs. SCO is committed to bringing Network Computing to business-critical environments because Network Computing can dramatically lower the total cost of computing and is ideal for supporting heterogeneous systems and networks. Network Computing was built on UNIX System technologies, and, as the leading provider of UNIX servers, SCO continues to enhance its product line to support the new generation of network computers and Java based business-critical applications. In addition to historical information contained herein, this Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's expectations only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS NET REVENUES The Company's net revenues are derived from two primary sources, software licenses and fees for services which include engineering services, consulting, custom engineering, support and training. Net revenues were $171.9 million in fiscal 1998, an 11% decrease from $193.7 million in fiscal 1997, which in turn was a decrease of 7% from fiscal 1996 revenues of $207.9 million. Revenues are net of a provision for estimated future returns for stock balancing and excess quantities above levels the Company believes are appropriate in its distribution channels. The fiscal 1998 decline was directly related to the Company's decision to eliminate channel inventories and record a reserve for the return of remaining channel stock in connection with its preparations for electronic licensing and distribution. The fiscal 1996 to 1997 license revenue decrease resulted from a planned reduction in channel inventories across all product lines in the third quarter of that year. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 1998, 1997 and 1996, no single customer accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's license revenues. International revenues continue to be a significant portion of net revenues, comprising 51% of the revenues for fiscal 1998 and 55% and 53% for 1997 and 1996 respectively. COST OF REVENUES COST OF REVENUES The Company's overall cost of revenues as a percentage of net revenues can be affected by mix changes in net revenue contribution between product families, between geographic regions and between channels of distribution, since both price and cost characteristics associated with these revenue streams can vary greatly. The Company can also experience fluctuations in gross margin percentage as net revenues increase or decrease since certain costs of revenues including technology, service, product assembly and distribution act as fixed costs within certain volume ranges. Cost of revenues as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 27% in fiscal 1998 from 29% in fiscal 1997 and increased from 26% in fiscal 1996. Reduced royalty rates, including a significant retroactive royalty credit, coupled with reduced technology costs were partially offset by stable fixed costs over lower unit 3 sales volume to net to the 2% decline from 1997 to 1998, while stable fixed costs over lower unit sales volume caused the 3% increase from 1996 to 1997. Cost of license revenues includes royalties paid to certain software vendors, amortization of acquired technologies, product packaging, documentation and all costs associated with the acquisition of components, assembling of finished products, warehousing and shipping. Cost of service revenues includes documentation, consulting and personnel related expenses associated with providing such services. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Company invests in research and development both for new products and to provide continuing enhancements to current products. Research and development expenses decreased 10% to $41.4 million in fiscal 1998 from $46.1 million in fiscal 1997. In fiscal 1997, research and development expenses increased 18% from fiscal 1996 total expenditures of $39.0 million. Research and development expenses represented 24% of net revenues for both fiscal 1998 and 1997 and 19% in fiscal 1996. The 1998 decrease in research and development expenses in absolute dollars was primarily attributable to reducing staffing levels in conjunction with the restructuring of operations. The 1997 spending increase was primarily attributable to personnel costs relating to accelerated development of next generation operating systems and technology focused on Internet-enabled products. SALES AND MARKETING Sales and marketing expenses, at $79.6 million, remained relatively constant with 1997 spending of $79.5 million and 1996 spending of $79.4 million. Sales and marketing expenses represented 46%, 41% and 38% of total net revenues in fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. While flat in absolute terms, the Company retargeted 1998 and 1997 marketing spending towards reseller training, independent software vendor recruitment and higher corporate brand awareness. GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE General and administrative expenses decreased by 11% to $18.6 million in fiscal 1998 from $20.9 million in fiscal 1997. In fiscal 1997, general and administrative expenses increased by 3% from $20.3 million in fiscal 1996. General and administrative expenses represented 11% of total net revenues for fiscal 1998, fiscal 1997 and 10% for fiscal 1996. Reduced headcount, lower legal expenses and lower discretionary spending resulted in the fiscal 1998 decline in absolute dollars. The increased spending in fiscal 1997 was primarily attributable to a one-time charge for settlement of litigation. NON-RECURRING CHARGES A worldwide restructuring during the third quarter of fiscal 1997 resulted in a one-time charge of $8.4 million or 4% of 1997 revenues. The charge includes a 10% reduction in headcount of $3.4 million, elimination of lease obligations for non-essential facilities of $1.9 million and a write-off of certain acquired technologies of $1.4 million. Of the $8.4 million, $5.3 million related to cash expenditures and $3.1 million related to non-cash charges. In fiscal 1996, non-recurring charges were $38.4 million representing 18% of total revenues. The charges related primarily to the writeoff of UnixWare products for which technological feasibility had not been established and for which there was no alternative future use. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Other income and expense consists of interest income net of interest expense, foreign exchange gains and losses, and other miscellaneous items. Net interest income remained constant at $2.3 million for fiscal years 1998, 1997 and 1996. Other income was $0.2 million for fiscal 1998, an expense of $0.9 million in fiscal 1997, and an expense of $0.4 million in fiscal 1996. The change in 1998 was principally due to foreign exchange gains earned in the Company's European subsidiaries, while 1997's expense was primarily due to a $0.6 million loss associated with the settlement on an intercompany loan with the U.K. 4 INCOME TAXES In fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, the Company's effective income tax rates were (32)%, 0% and (3)%, respectively, and primarily reflect losses and expenses without tax benefit, and for which a valuation allowance has been established. For an analysis of income taxes, see Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. NET PROFIT (LOSS) The Company reported net losses of $14.7 million, $15.2 million and $22.4 million in fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996 net losses were primarily attributable to lower revenues, absolute increases in operating expense and non-recurring charges. FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS The Company's future operating results may be affected by various uncertain trends and factors which are beyond the Company's control. These include adverse changes in general economic conditions and rapid or unexpected changes in the technologies affecting the Company's products. The process of developing new high technology products is complex and uncertain and requires accurate anticipation of customer needs and technological trends. The industry has become increasingly competitive and, accordingly, the Company's results may also be adversely affected by the actions of existing or future competitors, including the development of new technologies, the introduction of new products, and the reduction of prices by such competitors to gain or retain market share. The Company's results of operations could be adversely affected if it were required to lower its prices significantly. The Company participates in a highly dynamic industry and future results could be subject to significant volatility, particularly on a quarterly basis. The Company's revenues and operating results may be unpredictable due to the Company's shipment patterns. The Company operates with little backlog of orders because its products are generally shipped as orders are received. In general, a substantial portion of the Company's revenues have been booked and shipped in the third month of the quarter, with a concentration of these revenues in the latter half of that third month. In addition, the timing of closing of large license contracts and the release of new products and product upgrades increase the risk of quarter to quarter fluctuations and the uncertainty of quarterly operating results. The Company periodically may adjust the level of inventory held in its distribution channels which may also cause quarter-to-quarter fluctuations. The Company's staffing and operating expense levels are based on an operating plan and are relatively fixed throughout the quarter. As a result, if revenues are not realized in the quarter as expected, the Company's expected operating results could be adversely affected, and such effect could be substantial and could result in an operating loss. The Company experiences seasonality of revenues for both the European and the U.S. federal government markets. European revenues during the quarter ending June 30 are historically lower or relatively flat compared to the prior quarter. This reflects a reduction of customer purchases in anticipation of reduced selling activity during the summer months. Sales to the U.S. federal government generally increase during the quarter ending September 30. This seasonal increase is primarily attributable to increased purchasing activity by the U.S. federal government prior to the close of its fiscal year. Additionally, net revenues for the first quarter of the fiscal year are typically lower or relatively flat compared to net revenues of the prior quarter. The overall cost of revenues may be affected by changes in the mix of net revenue contribution between licenses and services, product families, geographical regions and channels of distribution, as the costs associated with these revenues may have substantially different characteristics. The Company may also experience a change in margin as net revenues increase or decrease since technology costs, service costs and production costs are fixed within certain volume ranges. 5 The Company's results of operations could be adversely affected if it were to lower its prices significantly. In the event the Company reduced its prices, the Company's standard terms for selected distributors provide credit for inventory ordered in the previous 180 days, such credits to be applied against future purchases. The Company, as a matter of policy, does not allow product returns for refund. Product returns are generally allowances for stock balancing and are accompanied by compensating and offsetting orders. Revenues are net of a provision for estimated future stock balancing and excess quantities above levels the Company believes are appropriate in its distribution channels. The Company monitors the quantity and mix of its product sales. The Company depends on information received from external sources in evaluating the inventory levels at distribution partners in the determination of reserves for the return of materials not sold, stock rotation and price protection. Significant effort has gone into developing systems and procedures for determining the appropriate reserve level. Realization of the net deferred tax assets is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of loss carryforwards. Although realization is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not that all of the net deferred tax assets will be realized. In the event that the Company does not show profitability in the subsequent fiscal quarters, the Company may be required to write off portions of the net deferred tax assets previously recognized up to the entire amount of $7.8 million. Substantial portions of the Company's revenues are derived from sales to customers outside the United States. Trade sales to international customers represented 51%, 55% and 53% of total revenues for fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. A substantial portion of these international revenues are denominated in the U.K. pound sterling, and operating results can vary with changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate for such currency. The Company's revenues can also be affected by general economic conditions in the United States, Europe and other international markets. The Company's operating strategy and pricing take into account changes in exchange rates over time. However, the Company's results of operations may be significantly affected in the short term by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company's policy is to amortize purchased software and technology licenses using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, or on the ratio of current revenues to total projected product revenues, whichever is greater. Due to competitive pressures, it is reasonably possible that those estimates of anticipated future gross revenues, the remaining estimated economic life of the product, or both will be reduced significantly in the near future. As a result, the carrying amount of the Company's purchased software and technology licenses may be reduced materially in the near future and, therefore, could create an adverse impact on the Company's future reported earnings. The Company continually evaluates potential acquisition candidates. Such candidates are selected based on products or markets which are complementary to those of the Company's. Acquisitions involve a number of special risks, including the successful combination of the companies in an efficient and timely manner, the coordination of research and development and sales efforts, the retention of key personnel, the integration of the acquired products, the diversion of management's attention to assimilation of the operations and personnel of the acquired companies, and the difficulty of presenting a unified corporate image. The Company's operations and financial results could be significantly affected by such an acquisition. The Company's continued success depends to a significant extent on senior management and other key employees. None of these individuals is subject to a long-term employment contract or a non-competition agreement. Competition for qualified people in the software industry is intense. The loss of one or more key employees or the Company's inability to attract and retain other key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company. 6 The stock market in general, and the market for shares of technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. In addition, factors such as new product introductions by the Company or its competitors may have a significant impact on the market price of the Company's Common Stock. Furthermore, quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in the Company's results of operations caused by changes in customer demand may have a significant impact on the market price of the Company's stock. These conditions, as well as factors which generally affect the market for stocks of high technology companies, could cause the price of the Company's stock to fluctuate substantially over short periods. The Company is aware of the issues associated with the forthcoming changes in Europe aimed at forming a European economic and monetary union (the "EMU"). One of the changes resulting from this union will require EMU member states to irrevocably fix their respective currencies to a new currency, the Euro, on January 1, 1999. On that day, the Euro will become a functional legal currency within these countries. During the next three years, business in the EMU member states will be conducted in both the 25 existing national currencies, such as the Franc or Deutsche Mark, and the Euro. As a result, companies operating in or conducting business in EMU member states will need to ensure that their financial and other software systems are capable of processing transactions and properly handling these currencies, including the Euro. The Company is still assessing the impact the EMU formation will have on both its internal systems and the products it sells. The Company will take appropriate corrective actions based on the results of such assessment. The Company has not yet determined the cost related to addressing this issue, and there can be no assurance that this issue and its related costs will not have a materially adverse affect on the company's business, operating results and financial condition. YEAR 2000 ISSUES Background. The approach of Year 2000 is causing a great deal of concern and discussion in the computer industry. There are many varieties of Year 2000 problems. One major concern is the accurate dating of files and transactions after January 1, 2000. For many years, software has represented dates using the MM/DD/YY format (or some variant), which allows for the display of only the last two digits of the year. With the upcoming transition from 99 to 00, dating problems may occur on systems that interpret a YY value of 00 incorrectly. The Company must address the millenium issues from a perspective of both developing and selling software products and also maintaining internal Company operations. Actions Taken. The Company has taken steps to mitigate operating system date processing errors that might occur with the onset of the Year 2000 (Y2K). The Company has: - - issued a Year 2000 Date Processing Limited Warranty for Designated Software that defines how we expect our products to perform when processing dates in the Year 2000; - - produced an SCO Year 2000 White Paper detailing how Year 2000 affects SCO products and what products are covered by the Year 2000 Date Processing Limited Warranty; - - performed Year 2000 testing of all current SCO products; - - issued fixes for Year 2000 problems that we have detected in current SCO supported products; - - created a project team to maintain consistent Year 2000 policy for our customers and to coordinate cross functional activities; - - created a Year 2000 committee to test, verify or upgrade internal systems and third party vendor software to insure continued operation of our infrastructure. Software Sold to Customers. SCO believes that it has substantially identified and resolved all potential Year 2000 problems in software products under warranty that it develops and markets. However, management also believes that it is not possible to determine with complete certainty that all Year 2000 problems affecting the Company's software products have been identified or corrected due to 1) the complexity of these products, 2) the fact that these products interact with other third party vendor products and 3) the operation on computer systems which are not under the Company's control. 7 Internal Infrastructure. The Company believes that it has identified substantially all of the major computers, software applications, and related equipment used in connection with its internal operations that must be modified, upgraded, or replaced to minimize the possibility of a material disruption to its business. The Company has commenced modifying, upgrading, and replacing major systems that have been identified as adversely affected, and expects to complete this process by mid 1999. Suppliers. The Company has initiated communications with third party suppliers of the major computers, software, and other equipment used, operated, or maintained by the Company to identify and, to the extent possible, to resolve issues involving the Year 2000 problem. However, the Company has limited or no control over the actions of these third party suppliers. Thus, while the Company expects that it will be able to resolve any significant Year 2000 problems with these systems, there can be no assurance that these suppliers will resolve any or all Year 2000 problems with these systems before the occurrence of a material disruption to the business of the Company or any of its customers. Any failure of these third parties to resolve Year 2000 problems with their systems in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operation. Assessment of Consequences. The Company expects to identify and resolve all Year 2000 problems that could materially adversely affect its business operations and products. The exposure on the product side is possible provision of free upgrade software to a few customers. However, management believes that it is not possible to determine with complete certainty that all Year 2000 problems affecting the Company have been identified or corrected. The number of devices and permutations are too numerous. The Company is prepared for the likelihood of a few operational inconveniences and diversion of attention from ordinary business. However, the Company feels confident that there will be no adverse material effect on the Company's business or results of operations. Disclaimer. The discussion of the Company's efforts, and management's expectations, relating the Year 2000 compliance are forward-looking statements. The Company's ability to achieve Year 2000 readiness and the level of incremental costs associated therewith, could be adversely impacted by, among other things, the availability and cost of programming and testing resources, vendor's ability to modify proprietary software, and unanticipated problems identified in the ongoing review. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The Company has financed its operations through a combination of net proceeds from the Company's initial public offering, bank borrowings, equipment lease lines and cash flow generated from operations. As of September 30, 1998, the Company's principal sources of liquidity included cash and short-term investments of $51.1 million and available bank lines of credit. The Company may borrow an amount equal to 75% of eligible accounts receivable, subject to a total of approximately $15.7 million against which the Company had $0.6 million in outstanding borrowings. Effective December 11, 1998, the maximum available credit lines were reduced by the Company to approximately $0.7 million. The Company does not believe it will require borrowing capacity greater than the amount available under this line of credit for at least the next twelve months. See Notes 2, 3 and 7 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Working capital has been used to acquire capital equipment, products and technology and to make facilities improvements. The Company's operating activities provided cash of $9.5 million in fiscal 1998, $15.0 million in fiscal 1997 and $25.3 million in fiscal 1996. Cash used for investing activity during fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $3.2 million, $14.8 million and $19.7 million, respectively. In fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, cash provided by operations was used to fund purchases of technology, property and equipment, common stock repurchases and short-term investments. Cash used for financing activities was $6.2 million, $10.0 million and $5.3 million for fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, proceeds from the sale of Common Stock were more than offset by the Company's stock repurchases and payments on capital lease obligations. 8 The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, funds generated from operations and available borrowing capabilities will be sufficient to meet its operating requirements through at least fiscal 1999. QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK MARKET-RATE SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT The following discussion about the Company's risk-management activities includes "forward-looking statements" that involve risk and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The following tables summarize the financial instruments and derivative commodity instruments held by the Company at September 30, 1998, which are sensitive to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. The Company uses forward foreign exchange contracts to manage these primary market exposures associated with underlying assets, liabilities, and anticipated transactions. The Company uses these instruments to reduce risk by essentially creating offsetting market exposures. The instruments held by the Company are not leveraged and are held for purposes other than trading. In the normal course of business, the Company also faces risks that are either nonfinancial or nonquantifiable. Such risks principally include country risk, credit risk, and legal risk, and are not represented in the following tables. INTEREST-RATE RISK This table presents descriptions of the financial instruments that are held by the Company at September 30, 1998 and which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Maturity Date for Short-Term Investments Year Ended September 30,
Fair (In thousands) 1999 2000 2001 Total Value - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Treasury notes $ 1,753 $1,562 $ 763 $ 4,078 $ 4,118 Government agency bonds 2,458 2,198 2,497 7,153 7,191 Corporate bonds 7,608 5,180 3,299 16,087 16,094 ------------------------------------------------------- $11,819 $8,940 $6,559 $27,318 $27,403 Average interest rate 5.67% 6.06% 5.81% - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOREIGN-EXCHANGE RISK The table below provides information about derivative financial instruments that are sensitive to foreign currency exchange rates. The information is presented in U.S. dollar equivalents, the reporting currency of the Company. The Company purchases foreign-exchange contracts to hedge foreign currency exposure for underlying assets, liabilities and other obligations. The purpose of the Company's foreign-currency hedging activities is to protect the Company from the risk that the eventual net cash resulting from foreign denominated transactions will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates. The table below presents the contract amounts, foreign exchange strike rate and the contract term. 9 Forward Contracts September 30, 1998
(In thousands) Contract 1 Contract 2 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Purchased two forward contracts Premium paid: 2 1 Contract amount: 500 1,000 Forward strike rate (USD/GBP): 1.6293 1.6757 Term of contract: 4 months 2 months - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended September 30, ----------------------------------------- (In thousands, except per share data) 1998 1997 1996 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net revenues $ 171,900 $ 193,660 $ 207,890 Cost of revenues 45,898 55,315 54,402 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross margin 126,002 138,345 153,488 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating expenses: Research and development 41,393 46,130 39,009 Sales and marketing 79,644 79,536 79,359 General and administrative 18,558 20,900 20,338 Non-recurring charges -- 8,373 38,363 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total operating expenses 139,595 154,939 177,069 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating loss (13,593) (16,594) (23,581) Other income (expense): Interest income, net 2,261 2,291 2,302 Other income (expense), net 226 (866) (394) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loss before income taxes (11,106) (15,169) (21,673) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income taxes 3,559 1 741 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net loss $ (14,665) $ (15,170) $ (22,414) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net loss per share: Basic $ (0.41) $ (0.41) $ (0.62) Diluted $ (0.41) $ (0.41) $ (0.62) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shares used in loss per share calculation: Basic 35,817 36,628 36,179 Diluted 35,817 36,628 36,179 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 11 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30, ----------------------------- (In thousands, except for share data) 1998 1997 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 23,758 $ 23,225 Short-term investments 27,318 28,486 Receivables, net 29,038 36,546 Deferred tax assets 3,487 6,631 Other current assets 9,141 6,934 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total current assets 92,742 101,822 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Property and equipment, net 12,929 13,666 Purchased software and technology licenses, net 13,013 16,523 Other assets 13,999 14,654 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total assets $132,683 $146,665 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Royalties payable $ 5,062 $ 11,262 Trade accounts payable 9,450 8,600 Income taxes payable 1,876 1,101 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 26,796 27,230 Deferred revenues 16,238 7,465 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total current liabilities 59,422 55,658 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other long-term liabilities 13,126 9,545 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Commitments and contingencies (note 10) Shareholders' equity: Common stock, no par value, net of notes receivable of $92 and $88 from an officer of the Company, authorized 100,000,000 shares Issued and outstanding 35,048,916 and 36,450,115 shares 111,972 119,287 Cumulative translation adjustment 1,292 639 Accumulated deficit (53,129) (38,464) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total shareholders' equity 60,135 81,462 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $132,683 $146,665 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 12 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Note Common Stock Receivable Cumulative Total ----------------------- from Translation Accumulated Shareholders' (In thousands) Shares Amount Officer Adjustment Deficit Equity - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCES, SEPTEMBER 30, 1995 30,844 $ 83,225 $(79) $ (84) $ (880) $ 82,182 Issuance under stock option and purchase plans 823 2,739 -- -- -- 2,739 Common stock repurchases (689) (4,744) -- -- -- (4,744) UNIX asset purchase 6,128 43,773 -- -- -- 43,773 Interest on loans -- -- (5) -- -- (5) Stock option income tax benefit -- 263 -- -- -- 263 Translation adjustment -- -- -- (213) -- (213) Net loss -- -- -- -- (22,414) (22,414) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCES, SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 37,106 $ 125,256 $(84) $ (297) $(23,294) $ 101,581 Issuance under stock option and purchase plans 872 2,985 -- -- -- 2,985 Common stock repurchases (1,528) (9,110) -- -- -- (9,110) Interest on loans -- -- (4) -- -- (4) Stock option income tax benefit -- 244 -- -- -- 244 Translation adjustment -- -- -- 936 -- 936 Net loss -- -- -- -- (15,170) (15,170) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCES, SEPTEMBER 30, 1997 36,450 $ 119,375 $(88) $ 639 $(38,464) $ 81,462 Issuance under stock option and purchase plans 659 1,960 -- -- -- 1,960 Common stock repurchases (2,060) (9,271) -- -- -- (9,271) Interest on loans -- -- (4) -- -- (4) Translation adjustment -- -- -- 653 -- 653 Net loss -- -- -- -- (14,665) (14,665) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCES, SEPTEMBER 30, 1998 35,049 $ 112,064 $(92) $ 1,292 $(53,129) $ 60,135 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 13 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended September 30, ------------------------------------------ (In thousands) 1998 1997 1996 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $(14,665) $(15,170) $(22,414) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities - Depreciation and amortization 14,363 17,084 16,840 Charge for purchased research and development -- -- 38,363 Deferred tax assets 205 (1,017) (1,842) Exchange gain (605) -- -- Stock option income tax benefit -- 244 263 Changes in operating assets and liabilities- Receivables 8,147 10,630 (2,167) Other current assets (2,024) 2,736 (336) Other assets 2,362 857 (2,410) Royalties payable (6,197) 618 5,002 Trade accounts payable 608 (4,155) 2,548 Income taxes payable 703 (1,132) 423 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (1,977) 3,714 (7,333) Deferred revenues 8,555 627 (1,673) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash provided by operating activities 9,475 15,036 25,264 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchases of property and equipment (1,410) (1,796) (4,874) Purchases of software and technology licenses (2,995) (5,188) (5,953) Sales of short-term investments 31,514 17,006 15,514 Purchases of short-term investments (30,346) (22,726) (23,464) Changes in other assets 25 (2,128) (937) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash used for investing activities (3,212) (14,832) (19,714) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Payments on capital leases (2,759) (1,627) (3,924) Net proceeds from sale of common stock 1,960 2,985 2,739 Repurchases of common stock (9,271) (9,110) (4,752) Changes in other long-term liabilities 3,883 (2,224) 588 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash used for financing activities (6,187) (9,976) (5,349) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 457 932 (210) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change in cash and cash equivalents 533 (8,840) (9) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 23,225 32,065 32,074 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 23,758 $ 23,225 $ 32,065 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid - Income taxes $ 2,192 $ 2,168 $ 1,955 Interest 766 643 147 Non-cash financing and investing activities - Assets recorded under capital leases $ 4,701 $ 4,063 $ 2,676 Assets written off against restructuring reserve 568 125 -- Networking technology buyout (see Note 6) -- -- 8,205 Purchase of UNIX assets with common stock -- -- 43,773 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 14 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES THE COMPANY SCO is a leading provider of UNIX-based, open system software. The Company's products enable business and government organizations of all sizes to integrate technologies and products from different vendors to create cost-effective, powerful, networked information systems that perform highly complex, mission-critical business functions. SCO has built an experienced distribution and development infrastructure to support its products. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Investments in companies less than 20% owned are carried at lower of cost or net realizable value. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. RECLASSIFICATIONS Certain reclassifications have been made for consistent presentation. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include instruments with lives ranging from 91 days to three years. The Company classifies its investments in certain debt and equity securities as available-for-sale. Such investments are recorded at fair market value, based on quoted market prices, and unrealized gains and losses are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity. As of September 30, 1998 and 1997, unrealized gains or losses on such investments were not significant. The cost of securities is based on the specific identification method. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are stated at cost and, except for assets recorded under capital lease and leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements and assets recorded under capitalized leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease or the estimated economic life of the asset, ranging from one to ten years. PURCHASED SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGY LICENSES Purchased software consists of core intellectual property rights which the Company owns. Technology licenses represent payments for the rights to use and integrate completed third party technology into the Company's product offerings. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated product life, ranging from three to six years, or on the ratio of current revenues to total projected product revenues, whichever is greater. ACCOUNTING FOR LONG-LIVED ASSETS The Company reviews property and equipment and purchased software and technology licenses for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to future net cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair market value. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 86 provides for the capitalization of certain software development costs once technological feasibility is established. Capitalized costs are then amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated product life, or on the ratio 15 of current revenues to total projected product revenues, whichever is greater. Through September 30, 1998, the Company believes its process for developing software was essentially completed concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility, and accordingly, no software development costs have been capitalized to date. REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenue from sales of software and software documentation products is generally recognized upon product shipment provided that no significant vendor obligations remain and collection of the resulting receivable is probable. For those agreements which provide the customer the right to multiple copies in exchange for a nonrefundable fixed fee, revenue is recognized at delivery of the product master of the first copy. Revenue is deferred for estimated future returns for stock balancing and excess quantities above levels the Company believes are appropriate in the distribution channels. Revenue from support contracts, including support bundled with software licenses, is recognized ratably over the term of the contract. The Company has entered into agreements whereby it licenses products to original equipment manufacturers. These agreements may provide for nonrefundable commitment fees which are recognized upon contract signing, product acceptance and delivery. Such commitment fees received prior to product acceptance are deferred. The Company also provides contract engineering services, including the porting of system software, consulting, design and product review. Revenues from these services are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method unless refundable. If payments are refundable, revenues are deferred until customer acceptance. The Company's existing revenue recognition policies comply with the provisions of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position 91-1, Software Revenue Recognition. COOPERATIVE ADVERTISING The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. The Company reimburses certain qualified customers for a portion of the advertising costs related to their promotion of the Company's products. The Company's liability for reimbursement is accrued at the time revenue is recognized as a percentage of the qualified customer's net revenue derived from the Company's products. For 1998, 1997 and 1996 cooperative advertising expense totaled approximately $9.2 million, $8.6 million and $8.2 million, respectively. INCOME TAXES The Company records income taxes using an asset and liability approach that results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements or tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, all expected future events other than enactment of changes in tax laws are considered. When necessary, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce tax assets to an amount whose realization is more likely than not. COMPUTATION OF NET LOSS PER SHARE The Company has adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128 (SFAS 128) effective December 31, 1997. SFAS 128 requires the presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by giving effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the period. For the Company, dilutive potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options for all periods. In accordance with SFAS 128, all prior period earnings per share amounts have been restated to reflect this method of calculation. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, (SFAS 133), Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities. It requires that an entity recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position and measures those instruments at fair value. Management has not yet evaluated the effects of this change 16 on its operations. The Company will adopt SFAS 133 as required for its first quarterly filing of fiscal year 2000. In October 1997, the AICPA issued Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, which supersedes SOP 91-1. It provides guidance on applying generally accepted accounting principles in recognizing revenue on software transactions. Different interpretations of a provision of SOP 97-2 have arisen with the result that the effective date of that provision of SOP 97-2 for certain transactions has been deferred for one year. The Company will be required to adopt SOP 97-2 prospectively for software transactions entered into beginning October 1, 1998. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of SOP 97-2 will have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, (FASB), issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 (SFAS 130), Reporting Comprehensive Income. This statement establishes requirements for disclosure of comprehensive income and becomes effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997, with reclassification of earlier financial statements for comparative purposes. Comprehensive income generally represents all changes in shareholders' equity except those resulting from investments or contributions by shareholders. The Company does not expect this pronouncement to materially impact the Company's results of operations. In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, (SFAS 131), Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. This statement establishes standards for disclosure about operating segments in annual financial statements and selected information in interim financial reports. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. This statement supersedes Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 14, Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise. The new standard becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997, and requires that comparative information from earlier years be restated to conform to the requirements of this standard. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of SFAS 131 will significantly alter the Company's current reporting and disclosures. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation plans using the intrinsic value method. As such, compensation expense would be recorded on the date of grant only if the current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the local foreign currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues, costs and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments resulting from translation of intercompany accounts are accumulated as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations and have not been significant. HEDGING OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS The Company utilizes foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge foreign currency market exposures of underlying assets, liabilities and other obligations. The Company does not use forward exchange contracts for speculative or trading purposes. The Company's accounting policies for these instruments are based on the Company's designation of such instruments as hedging transactions. The criteria the Company uses for designating an instrument as a hedge include the instrument's effectiveness in risk reduction and one-to-one matching of forward exchange contracts to underlying transactions. Gains and losses on currency forward contracts that are designated and effective as hedges of firm commitments are deferred and recognized in income in the same period that the underlying transactions are settled. Gains and losses on currency forward contracts that are designated and effective as hedges of existing transactions are recognized in income in the same period as losses and gains on the underlying transactions are recognized and generally offset. Gains and losses on any instruments not meeting the above criteria would be recognized in income in the current period. The Company transacts business in various foreign currencies. During 1997, the Company established hedging programs to protect against exposure on certain foreign denominated transactions through the use of 17 foreign currency forward exchange contracts. At September 30, 1998, the Company had foreign exchange contracts, all having maturities of 90 days or less, to sell approximately $1,500,000 in U.S. dollars. The fair value of these contracts at September 30, 1998 is not significant. The counterparties to these contracts are substantial and credit worthy multinational commercial banks. The risks of counterparty nonperformance associated with these contracts are not considered to be significant. NOTE 2 - CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
September 30, -------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bank demand deposits $ 1,035 $ -- Certificates of deposit -- 2,173 Money market accounts 20,660 21,052 Corporate bonds 2,063 -- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $23,758 $23,225 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE 3 - SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
September 30, -------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Treasury notes $ 4,078 $ 4,643 Certificates of deposit -- 1,145 Government agency bonds 7,153 10,351 Corporate bonds 16,087 12,347 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $27,318 $28,486 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At September 30, 1998, investments with maturity dates ranging from 91 days to one year totaled $5.2 million, and investments with maturity dates ranging from one year to three years totaled $22.1 million. NOTE 4 - RECEIVABLES
September 30, --------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Trade accounts receivable $ 40,826 $ 47,425 Less allowance for returns and doubtful accounts (11,788) (10,879) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 29,038 $ 36,546 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Company generates a significant portion of its revenues through distributors of computer software in North America, Europe and the Pacific Rim. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 1998, 1997 and 1996, no one customer's balance exceeded 10% of trade receivables or accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's revenues. 18 NOTE 5 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
September 30, --------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Computer and office equipment $ 43,218 $ 39,098 Furniture and fixtures 8,467 7,469 Leasehold improvements 8,001 7,540 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59,686 54,107 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (46,757) (40,441) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 12,929 $ 13,666 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depreciation and amortization expense was $6.9 million, $7.5 million, and $7.1 million during fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. NOTE 6 - PURCHASED SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGY LICENSES
September 30, ---------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Purchased software and technology licenses, at cost $ 33,791 $ 34,121 Less accumulated amortization (20,778) (17,598) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 13,013 $ 16,523 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In March of 1996, the Company purchased a fully paid up license enabling it to integrate and distribute certain networking technology in perpetuity. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, consideration of $9.0 million was paid in three equal installments of $3.0 million in each of fiscal 1996, 1997 and 1998. The present value of the license is included in purchased software and technology licenses in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. Amortization expense for this license of $1.4 million in 1998 and 1997 and $1.0 million in 1996 is included in cost of license revenues in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense was $6.6 million, $7.8 million, and $5.6 million during fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. NOTE 7 - BANK LINE OF CREDIT At September 30, 1998, the Company had available lines of credit of approximately $15.7 million. The domestic credit agreement provided that the Company may borrow an amount equal to 75% of eligible accounts receivable, subject to a total of $15.0 million. The interest rate on the domestic line of credit was the prime rate and borrowings were unsecured. The line of credit required that the Company maintain certain financial ratios with which the company was not in compliance as of September 30, 1998, and received a waiver for the specific violation. However, this line of credit was not used during fiscal 1998 and was terminated by the Company as of December 11, 1998. The Company maintains a $0.7 million line of credit internationally under which the Company had $0.6 million in outstanding borrowings at September 30, 1998. The interest rate on borrowings made against this line of credit during fiscal 1998 was 2.125%. 19 NOTE 8 - ROYALTIES PAYABLE Royalties payable represent obligations to pay authors of certain software products under licensing agreements. Two corporate shareholders accounted for $0.6 million and $8.3 million of the royalties payable balance at September 30, 1998 and 1997 respectively, and $(2.1) million, $4.2 million and $4.1 million of royalty (income) expense for fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. NOTE 9 - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
September 30, ------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accrued wages, commissions, bonuses $ 8,153 $ 7,236 Accrued advertising 4,459 3,829 Accrued fringe benefits 2,489 2,488 Other accrued expenses 11,695 13,677 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $26,796 $27,230 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE 10 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES LEASE COMMITMENTS Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum capital lease payments as of September 30, 1998 were as follows:
Capital Operating (In thousands) Leases Leases - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Ending September 30, 1999 $3,917 $ 8,023 2000 2,510 7,160 2001 1,096 6,416 2002 27 5,846 2003 -- 4,738 Later years, through 2020 -- 20,799 ------ -------- Total minimum lease payments 7,550 $ 52,982 ======== Less amount representing interest 618 ------ Present value of net minimum capital lease payments 6,932 Less current installments of obligations under capital leases 3,427 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Obligations under capital leases, excluding current installments $3,505 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The cost of assets recorded under capital leases was $11.5 million and $7.4 million at September 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Accumulated amortization on those dates was $4.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively. 20 Rent expense amounted to approximately $8.1 million, $8.6 million and $8.2 million in fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Included in the Company's operating lease commitments are facilities leased from Encinal Partners, a partnership which includes both the Company President and Chief Executive Officer and a principal shareholder. The Company's Board of Directors has reviewed and approved the lease agreements and determined that the lease agreements entered into by the Company are equivalent to agreements that would be negotiated with independent third parties on an "arms-length" basis. The remaining lease term of these facilities is between one and seven years. Rent expense for these facilities amounted to approximately $1.4 million in each of fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996. NOTE 11 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY PREFERRED STOCK The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 1998, there were no shares of Preferred Series stock either issued or outstanding. 1993 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) for all eligible employees which is administered by the Board of Directors. Under the ESPP, shares of the Company's ESPP stock may be purchased at six-month intervals at 85% of the fair market value on the first or last day of each six-month period whichever is lower. Employees may purchase shares through payroll deductions of up to 10% of gross compensation during an offering period. During 1998, 1997 and 1996, employees purchased 567,647, 431,351 and 317,722 shares at an average per share price of $3.07, $4.81 and $5.47, respectively. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan increased by 750,000 shares in February 1998. As of September 30, 1998, 1,200,117 shares were reserved for future issuance. 1994 INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION PLAN As of September 30, 1998, the Company had authorized 15,013,665 shares of Common Stock for issuance under the 1994 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the "Option Plan"). The Company's Board of Directors administers the Option Plan and determines the terms of the options granted under the Option Plan, including the exercise price, number of shares subject to each option and the exercisability thereof. In addition, the Company's stock committee is authorized to grant up to 20,000 shares to an individual employee or consultant under the terms of the Option Plan. The exercise price of all incentive options granted under the Option Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value. Options granted under the Option Plan prior to January 31, 1996 generally become exercisable over a five year period. Effective January 31, 1996, the vesting period for subsequent grants was changed to four years. The term of each option is ten years. 1993 DIRECTOR OPTION PLAN The Company's 1993 Director Option Plan (the "Director Plan") provides for the granting of nonstatutory stock options to non-employee directors of the Company and is administered by the Board of Directors. In February of 1998, the number of shares available for issuance under the Director Plan was increased by 200,000 shares from 750,000 shares to 950,000 shares. A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans as of September 30, 1998, 1997 and 1996, and changes during the years then ended on those dates is presented below: 21 (In thousands, except per share data)
1998 1997 1996 ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ Weighted- Weighted- Weighted- Average Average Average Shares Exercise Shares Exercise Shares Exercise Option and Director Plans (000) Price (000) Price (000) Price - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outstanding at beginning of year 8,558 $ 5.25 6,419 $ 6.93 6,244 $ 6.60 Granted 3,102 3.87 8,345 5.43 1,424 7.03 Exercised (91) 2.37 (441) 2.08 (506) 1.96 Cancelled (1,220) 5.80 (5,765) 7.62 (743) 7.73 ------- ------- ----- Outstanding at end of year 10,349 4.80 8,558 5.25 6,419 6.93 ======= ======= ===== Options exercisable at year-end 3,484 $ 5.17 1,678 $ 5.54 2,468 $ 5.73 Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the year $ 2.19 $ 2.13 $ 3.48 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at September 30,1998: (In thousands)
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ Number Weighted-Avg Number Range of Outstanding Remaining Weighted-Avg Exercisable Weighted-Avg Exercise Price at 9/30/98 Contractual Life Exercise Price at 9/30/98 Exercise Price - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 0.41 - 0.41 9 0.7 years $ 0.41 9 $ 0.41 1.25 - 1.50 197 1.9 1.37 197 1.37 2.00 - 3.00 558 8.7 2.54 110 2.38 3.19 - 4.75 3,351 9.1 4.08 672 4.17 4.81 - 7.15 5,967 7.6 5.34 2,281 5.57 7.25 - 10.50 224 6.1 8.53 172 8.52 12.00 - 12.00 43 4.6 12.00 43 12.00 $ .41 - 12.00 10,349 8.0 $ 4.80 3,484 $ 5.17 ====== ===== - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRO FORMA FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, requires pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share be determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options and other stock-based compensation granted subsequent to September 30, 1996 under the fair value method of that statement. The fair value of the options granted under the Incentive Option Plan and the Director Option Plan was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for 1998, 1997 and 1996: risk-free interest rate of 5.45% for 1998, 6.19% for 1997, and 5.97% for 1996; dividend yield of 0%; volatility factor of the expected market price of the Company's common stock of 65% for 1998 and 55% for 1997 and 1996, respectively; an average turnover rate of 15% 22 for options granted to employees and a four year and five year expected life for options granted to employees and executives, respectively. The fair value for the Employee Stock Purchase Plan rights were also estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for 1998, 1997 and 1996: risk-free interest rates of 5.31%, 5.31% and 5.34%, respectively; dividend yield of 0%; volatility factors of 65% for 1998 and 55% for 1997 and 1996; and six month expected life. The weighted average fair value of the ESPP rights granted in 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $ 1.27, $1.71 and $2.01, respectively. (In thousands, except per share price)
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, ------------------------------- 1998 1997 1996 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pro forma net loss (20,664) (18,625) (23,376) Pro forma loss per share, basic and diluted (0.58) (0.51) (0.65) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
During the initial phase-in period, the effects of applying SFAS No. 123 for recognizing compensation expense may not be representative of the effects on the reported net income or loss for future years because the options granted by the Company vest over several years and additional awards may be made in the future. COMMON STOCK REPURCHASES The Company repurchases its common stock on the open market, both systematically and non-systematically. Under the systematic stock repurchase plan, shares of common stock are repurchased to help negate the dilutive effects of the Incentive Stock Option Plan and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 1998, 1997, and 1996, the purchases and retirements of common stock under the systematic plan were 1,115,000 shares, 843,000 shares and 601,000 shares, respectively. Under the non-systematic repurchase plan, the Company may repurchase up to 6,000,000 shares of its common stock. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 1998, 1997 and 1996, 945,050, 685,000 and 88,000 shares, respectively, were repurchased and retired under the non-systematic plan. Both the systematic and non-systematic plans have been approved for continuance into fiscal 1999. SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS In September 1997, the Company adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan which provides existing shareholders with the right to purchase a partial share of preferred stock for each share of common stock owned by the shareholder in the event of certain changes in the Company's ownership. These rights may serve as a deterrent to certain takeover attempts not approved by the Company's Board of Directors. The rights expire in September 2007. NOTE 12 - INCOME TAXES Loss before income taxes for fiscal 1998, 1997, and 1996 include foreign pretax profit (loss) of approximately $(3.0) million, $2.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The components of income taxes are as follows: 23
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, -------------------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 1996 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current: Federal $ -- $ (846) $ 301 State 20 (774) 814 Foreign 3,334 2,394 1,205 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total current 3,354 774 2,320 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred: Federal -- 1,450 (1,684) State -- (308) (568) Foreign 205 (2,159) 410 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total deferred 205 (1,017) (1,842) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Charge in lieu of income tax expense related to employee stock options -- 244 263 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $3,559 $ 1 $ 741 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income taxes differ from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to loss before income taxes as follows:
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, -------------------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 1996 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statutory federal income benefit at 34% $(3,776) $(5,157) $(7,369) State income tax (benefit), net of federal effect (338) (714) 162 Foreign taxes less related tax benefit, if any 3,659 502 577 Losses and expenses without tax benefit 4,014 5,836 7,379 Other, net -- (466) (8) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 3,559 $ 1 $ 741 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: 24
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, --------------------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 1996 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred tax assets: Accruals and reserve accounts $ 9,732 $ 6,130 $ 7,685 Property and equipment 1,477 2,696 142 Purchased software -- -- 5,005 Net operating loss carryforward 18,550 9,644 -- Research credit 7,105 6,715 4,593 Other credits 1,020 1,986 -- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total gross deferred tax assets 37,884 27,171 17,425 Less valuation allowance (26,330) (17,452) (9,598) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net deferred tax assets 11,554 9,719 7,827 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred tax liabilities: Purchased software 3,730 1,690 815 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total deferred tax liabilities 3,730 1,690 815 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net tax assets and liabilities $ 7,824 $ 8,029 $ 7,012 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended September 30, 1998, 1997 and 1996 was an increase of approximately $8.9 million, $7.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively. The Company's management believes the uncertainty regarding the timing of the realization of net deferred tax assets requires a valuation allowance. At September 30, 1998, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $53.0 million which expire in fiscal years 2012 through 2013, and foreign tax credit and research credit carryforwards of approximately $0.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively, which expire in fiscal 1999 through 2013. At September 30, 1998, the cumulative unremitted foreign earnings of the Company were not material. The Company intends to reinvest these earnings indefinitely. NOTE 13 - RESTRUCTURING CHARGE A worldwide restructuring during the third quarter of fiscal 1997 resulted in a one-time charge of $8.4 million. The charge included a 10% reduction in headcount, elimination of lease obligations of non-essential facilities and a write-off of certain acquired technologies. The majority of the reduction of force was in manufacturing, product development and marketing. Of the $8.4 million, $5.3 million related to cash expenditures and $3.1 million related to non-cash charges. As a result of this restructuring, the Company realigned its product development organization, eliminated some research and development programs and focused product marketing. Additionally, some key manufacturing processes have been outsourced and elements of general and administration functions have been consolidated. The restructuring charge payable and payments against it can be summarized as follows: 25
Reduction (In thousands) in Force Facilities Technology Other Total - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Restructuring charge accrued $ 3,359 $1,925 $ 1,433 $ 1,656 $ 8,373 Fiscal 1997 payments / write-offs (2,551) (485) (1,433) (1,055) (5,524) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accrual at end of fiscal 1997 808 1,440 -- 601 2,849 Fiscal 1998 payments / write-offs (798) (758) -- (601) (2,157) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accrual at end of fiscal 1998 $ 10 $ 682 $ -- $ - $ 692 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE 14 - ACQUISITIONS UNIX ASSETS In December 1995, the Company acquired from Novell certain assets related to UnixWare including the core intellectual property. The consideration consisted of 6,127,500 newly issued shares of non-registered common stock. Additionally, cash payments to Novell with a present value of $84 million will be paid periodically by SCO provided certain unit volumes of UNIX distribution are achieved. To date, distribution unit volume of UNIX has not reached levels which have required the Company to make cash payments to Novell. Such payments terminate at the end of calendar year 2002. Non-recurring charges of $38.4 million were incurred in fiscal 1996 for costs allocated to in-process research and development for which technological feasibility had not been established and for which there was no alternative future use. The Company also purchased core intellectual property totaling $5.8 million, software technology licenses totaling $5.5 million and intangibles of $1.7 million. NOTE 15 - INVESTMENTS In November 1996, the Company purchased $2.0 million of convertible debentures of a domestic distribution channel partner. The debentures can be converted, in whole or in part, at any time prior to maturity on February 18, 1999, for preferred stock equal to 19.9% of the fully diluted common stock outstanding. If the Company does not convert the debenture, the partner will repay all principal and interest in twelve equal quarterly installments commencing March 31, 1999. In January 1995, the Company purchased 10% of another domestic distribution channel partner's preferred stock in exchange for cash, product and equipment valued at $1.0 million. In addition, the Company has loaned $1.0 million to this partner. The loan matures on July 1, 2000, but may be converted at any time prior to maturity for an additional 10% of either the partner's preferred stock or common stock. Interest accrued as of July 1, 1998 was paid in July 1998. Interest accrued subsequent to July 1, 1998 on the outstanding borrowing is due and payable at the loan's maturity. At September 30, 1998, the Company had accounts receivable outstanding with the related parties of $1.5 million. The September 30, 1997 outstanding accounts receivable with the related parties was $3.9 million. Sales to the related parties were $18.6 million for fiscal 1998 and $18.3 million for fiscal 1997. One of the parties accounted for receivables of $1.6 million as of September 30, 1996, and sales of $7.7 million for fiscal 1996. 26 NOTE 16 - INFORMATION BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, --------------------------------------------- (In thousands) 1998 1997 1996 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET REVENUES: United States $ 108,482 $ 113,328 $ 125,759 Europe 61,191 77,931 80,603 Other international operations 2,227 2,401 1,528 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total net revenues $ 171,900 $ 193,660 $ 207,890 ======================================================================================== TRANSFERS BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC AREAS: United States $ 11,620 $ 13,205 $ 16,894 Europe 1,865 2,136 916 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total transfers $ 13,485 $ 15,341 $ 17,810 ======================================================================================== OPERATING INCOME (LOSS): United States $ (10,966) $ (17,496) $ (29,017) Europe (2,932) 1,999 2,864 Other international operations 305 189 120 Eliminations -- (1,286) 2,452 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating loss $ (13,593) $ (16,594) $ (23,581) ======================================================================================== IDENTIFIABLE ASSETS: United States $ 102,825 $ 117,068 $ 135,040 Europe 27,914 32,816 31,930 Other international operations 1,643 3,728 3,860 Eliminations 301 (6,947) (4,023) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total assets $ 132,683 $ 146,665 $ 166,807 ========================================================================================
Intercompany sales between geographic areas are accounted for at prices representative of unaffiliated party transactions. "Other international operations" includes a subsidiary in Japan. NOTE 17 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN SAVINGS PLANS The Company has a savings plan, which qualifies under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the plan, participating U.S. employees may defer up to 20% of their pre-tax salary, but not more than the statutory limits. The Company matches 50% of employee contributions up to the lower of 6% of the employee's annual salary or $3,000. For fiscal 1998, 1997 and 1996, the Company's total contributions towards the 401(k) plan amounted to $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively. 27 REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and the related consolidated statement of operations, of shareholders' equity (deficit) and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and its subsidiaries at September 30, 1998, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, California October 23, 1998 except for Note 7 which is as of December 11, 1998 To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 1997 and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 1997. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 1997 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. KPMG Peat Marwick LLP San Jose, California October 22, 1997 28 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Three Months Ended ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (In thousands, except Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, per share data) 1998 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1996 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net revenues $48,622 $ 25,241 $ 50,540 $47,497 $51,799 $ 31,166 $ 54,087 $ 56,608 Cost of revenues 10,473 10,126 12,953 12,346 13,800 12,826 15,027 13,662 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross margin 38,149 15,115 37,587 35,151 37,999 18,340 39,060 42,946 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating expenses: Research and development 10,066 10,157 10,411 10,759 10,825 11,055 12,284 11,966 Sales and marketing 20,393 20,445 19,187 19,619 17,868 20,197 20,695 20,776 General and administrative 5,078 4,626 4,250 4,604 4,776 5,523 5,365 5,236 Non-recurring charges -- -- -- -- -- 8,373 -- -- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total operating expenses 35,537 35,228 33,848 34,982 33,469 45,148 38,344 37,978 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating income (loss) 2,612 (20,113) 3,739 169 4,530 (26,808) 716 4,968 Other income (expense): Interest income, net 637 679 470 475 630 396 628 637 Other income (expense), net 230 (53) (52) 101 157 (661) (45) (317) - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income (loss) before income taxes 3,479 (19,487) 4,157 745 5,317 (27,073) 1,299 5,288 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income taxes 800 1,482 956 321 798 (2,444) 325 1,322 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income (loss) $ 2,679 ($20,969) $ 3,201 $ 424 $ 4,519 ($24,629) $ 974 $ 3,966 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income (loss) per share: Basic $ 0.08 ($ 0.59) $ 0.09 $ 0.01 $ 0.12 ($ 0.67) $ 0.03 $ 0.11 Diluted $ 0.08 ($ 0.59) $ 0.09 $ 0.01 $ 0.12 ($ 0.67) $ 0.03 $ 0.11 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shares used in income (loss) per share calculation: Basic 35,221 35,611 36,094 36,345 36,443 36,547 36,611 36,909 Diluted 35,408 35,611 36,431 37,094 37,220 36,547 37,522 37,683 - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS CORPORATE OFFICERS DIVISIONAL OFFICERS NINIAN EADIE+# DOUG MICHELS*+ MICK ADAMSON President and Chief Executive Officer Vice President and General Manager, JEAN-FRANCOIS HEITZ+# Tarantella Business Unit RAY ANDERSON+ RONALD LACHMAN+ Senior Vice President, Marketing SHEILA BAKER Vice President, US Channel Sales ROBERT MCCLURE+# JOHN LUHTALA*+ Senior Vice President, Operations, WAYNE BERGLAND and Chief Financial Officer DOUG MICHELS+ Vice President, US Field Sales ALOK MOHAN+, CHAIRMAN DAVID MCCRABB+ JOHN BONDI Executive Vice President, Vice President, Server Product Marketing GLENN RICART+# Worldwide Sales and Field Operations RANDY BRESEE R. DUFF THOMPSON+ JACK MOYER+ Vice President, Corporate Controller Senior Vice President, Human Resources GIL WILLIAMSON+ JIM CLARK STEVE SABBATH*+ Vice President, Asia/Pacific Operations Senior Vice President, Law and Corporate Affairs, and EDMUNDO COSTA Secretary Vice President, GEOFF SEABROOK+ OEM and Alliance Management Senior Vice President, Corporate Development DAVE CUSS Regional Vice President, JAMES WILT (Nordic, Benelux, Iberia, Senior Vice President, Products Middle East, and Africa) CHRIS FLYNN Regional Vice President, #Member of Audit Committee * Elected by Board of Directors (Germany, France, UK and India) + Affiliate or Executive Officer subject to the provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities NIMER MAABADI Exchange Act of 1934 Vice President, Canada and Latin America HELENE MANN-BOUCHARD Vice President, Worldwide Customer Delivery Systems LISA OZIMEK Vice President, UNIX Systems Group ANTONIO PRIVITERA Regional Vice President, (Italy, Greece, Turkey, Eastern Europe, And Central Asia) RON RASMUSSEN Vice President, Server Products Group CHRIS SCHEYBELER Vice President, Client Integration Development DAVID TAYLOR Vice President, World Wide Field Programs and Professional Services RICHARD TREADWAY Vice President, Segment Business Development
EX-21.1 5 SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT 1 EXHIBIT 21.1 THE SANTA CRUZ OPERATION, INC. (A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION) SUBSIDIARIES
NAME OF SUBSIDIARY PLACE OF INCORPORATION The Santa Cruz Operation Pty. Limited New South Wales, Australia SCO Canada, Company Nova Scotia, Canada The Santa Cruz Operation (France) SARL France The Santa Cruz Operation (Deutschland) GmbH Germany The Santa Cruz Operation (Italia) Srl Italy The Santa Cruz Operation Limited UK The Santa Cruz Operation de Mexico, S. DE R.L. DE C.V. Mexico The Santa Cruz Operation (Asia) Ltd. Delaware SCO Foreign Sales Corporation U.S. Virgin Islands SCO, Kabushiki Kaisha Japan The Santa Cruz Operation Latin America, Inc. Delaware Nihon SCO Limited Japan
EX-23.1 6 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS 1 EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS The Board of Directors and Shareholders The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.: We consent to incorporation by reference in the annual report on Form 10-K of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. of our reports dated October 23, 1998, except for Note 7 which is as of December 11, 1998, relating to the consolidated balance sheet of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 1998, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for the year ended September 30, 1998, and the related schedule, which reports appear or are incorporated by reference in the September 30, 1998 annual report on Form 10-K of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, California December 23, 1998 The Board of Directors and Shareholders The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.: We consent to incorporation by reference in the registration statement (No. 333-52299) on Form S-8 of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. of our report dated October 22, 1997, relating to the consolidated balance sheets of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 1997, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 1997, and the related schedule, which reports appear or are incorporated by reference in the September 30, 1998 annual report on Form 10-K of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. /s/ KPMG Peat Marwick LLP Mountain View, California December 17, 1998 EX-27.1 7 FINANCIAL DATA SCHEDULE
5 1,000 12-MOS SEP-30-1998 OCT-01-1997 SEP-30-1998 23,758 27,318 40,826 (11,788) 1,087 92,742 59,686 (46,757) 132,683 59,422 0 0 0 111,972 (51,837) 132,683 156,707 171,900 29,193 45,898 139,595 0 2,487 (11,106) 3,559 (14,665) 0 0 0 (14,665) (0.41) (0.41)
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